Aaaaeaiea.
Iniiaiua iiiyoey, oa?ieiu, ii?aaeaeaiey.
I?ia?aie?iaaiea:
1. A oe?ieii niunea neiaa,– i?ioeann ninoaaeaiey ieaia aeaenoaee (eee
i?ia?aii).
2. A oceii niunea – ?acaeae i?eeeaaeiie iaoaiaoeee, eco/athuee niiniau e
iaoiaeu ?aaeecaoeee aeai?eoia ?aoaiey eiie?aoiie caaea/e, ninoaaeaiea
i?ia?aiiu, aa ioeaaeeo e yenieoaoaoeeth.
Ethaay ANO niaea?aeeo aeaa iniiaiuo eiiiiiaioa:
1. Ooieoeeiiaeueiay /anoue, ?aaeecaoeey caaea/e, noiyuae ia?aae
nenoaiie. Iai?eia? oi?aaeaiea i?aaei?eyoeai: aooo/ao, eaae?u, neeaae e
o.ae. Yoi ooieoeeiiaeueiay /anoue ANOI i?aaei?eyoey.
2. Aeaeu iaania/aiey:
a) oaoie/aneia
a) iaoaiaoe/aneia
a) i?ia?aiiiia
a) eioi?iaoeeiiiia
ae) i?aaiecaoeeiiii–iaoiaee/aneia
a) i?aaiaia
ae) iao?ieiae/aneia
AEeciaiiue oeeee i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa:
1. Aoiaaeiia i?ia?aiie?iaaiea (ia/eiaaony n eco/aiey i?aaeiaoa
?aaeecaoeee, caeai/eaaaony –
aeai?eoiii).
2. I?ia?aiiiay ?aaeecaoeey.
3. Yenieoaoaoeey i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa.
Oe?oiiaiiay oaoiieiaey ?ac?aaioee i?ia?aiiiuo i?iaeoeoia.
Yoaiu e noaaeee:
1. Ia?aiia/aeueiia eco/aiea eiie?aoiie i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe n iiiiuueth
iao/ii–oaoie/aneioe eeoa?aoo?u, a oaeaea n eniieueciaaieai oaoie/aneie
yenieoaoaoeeiiiie e ii?iaoeaii–oaoie/aneie aeieoiaioaoeee. Aeeth/aao:
OINOu, INOu, ?OIu, ?iu.
2. Ianeaaeiaaiea iauaeoa aaoiiaoecaoeee (oi?aaeaiey). Aeeth/aao:
enneaaeiaaiea iauaeoa aaoiiaoecaoeee e aiaeec iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo.
Enneaaeiaaiea iauaeoa aaoiiaoecaoeee i?iaiaeeony eae i?aaeei n iiiiuueth
niaoeeaeueii ?ac?aaioaiiuo iaoiaeee ianeaaeiaaiey, eioi?ua niaea?aeao
niaoeeaeueii ?ac?aaioaiiua oi?iu n iineaaeothuei eo aeiiieiaieai e
?aeiiaiaeaoeeyie ii aiaeeco iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo.
Eiae. Iaeiaiiaaiea
i?eai?a. Iaicia/aiea
eee ia?ea? i?eai?a. Ianii?oiua
aeaiiua. Oa?aeoa?enoeee. Aeiiieieoaeueiay
eioi?iaoeey.
Aoi?ie yoai i?aaeiieaaaao nai? aeaiiuo iaoiaeii eioa?aueth o caeac/eea.
Aoi?ie yoai caeai/eaaaony iiaeaioiaeie oaoie/aneiai caaeaiey
(oaoie/aneea oneiaey, i?aaeeiaeaiey, io/ao).
3. Niaea?aeaoaeueiay e oi?iaeeciaaiiay iinoaiiaea caaea/.
4. ?ac?aaioea aeai?eoia ?aoaiey caaea/. Aoiaeeo: auai?, aiaeec,
iainiiaaiea n?aaenoa i?ia?aiie?iaaiey. Iinea auai?a n?aaenoa
i?ia?aiie?iaaiey ninoaaeyaony aeie–noaia aeai?eoia ?aoaiey caaea/ e
aeaaony niioaaonoaothuaa aa iienaiea.
5. Nianoaaiiia i?ia?aiie?iaaiea.
6. Ioeaaeea oanoe?iaaiey e ei??aeoe?iaea i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa.
7. Ii ?acoeueoaoai iiuoiie yenieoaoaoeee inouanoaeyaony ei??aeoe?iaea
i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa.
8. Naea/a i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa a iiuoioth yenieoaoaoeeth.
9. I?ia?aiiiay yenieoaoaoeey ?ac?aaioaiiiai i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey.
10. Nicaeaaony iiaay aa?ney eee iiaea?iecaoeey i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa.
Niiniau i?aia?aciaaiey eioi?iaoeee i?e ?aaioa YAI n aiaoieie
ono?ienoaaie.
Enoiaeiuie aeaiiuie a ieaea ?anniao?eaaaiuo niiniaao i?aia?aciaaiey
yaeyaony oi/iinoiua oa?aeoa?enoeee eniieuecoaiuo ia?aiao?ia.
.
1. Ii?aaeaeaiea oaaa eee eioa?aaea aeene?eoecaoeee.
Aeey ia?aaioee auai?ee N iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue oaa aeene?aoecaoeee:
(T– iiaeao auoue ?aaiiia?iui e ia?aaiiia?iui.
Nouanoaotho ?ac?aaioaiiua aeai?eoiu e i?ia?aiiu ii?aaeaeythuea (T.
I?ia?aiiu aoiaeyo a ninoaa noaiaea?oiie aeaeeioaee i?ia?aii.
2. Ioa?aeiaea eiaeiuo i?iiaoia (aua?inia).
, oi iii ioa?aeiauaaaony e oi/iinoue iieo/aaony auoa.
3. Naeaoea eioi?iaoeee.
Aeaa neo/ay eiaaea ioaeii naeaoue eioi?iaoeeth:
a) iaaeinoaoi/iue iauai iaiyoe;
a) ia o?aaoaony aunieay oi/iinoue.
?acee/atho iaia?aoeiia naeaoea (IN) e eaaceia?aoeiia naeaoea (EN)
IN:
Naeaoea–auai?ea:
I?e IN niaieoiiinoue cia/aiee ?1—?n caiaiyaony ia1 cia/aiea ?n?, eioi?ia
caiiieiaaony, a i?aaeuaeouay niaieoiiinoue ?1—?n noe?aaony.
EN (eiaeiiia?aoeiia):
I?e EN iacia/aaony cia/aiea ?aca?ina ia?aiao?a
?—(?. I?iaiaeeony ?an/ao ?n? e caiiieiaaony aeaa cia/aiey: ?n? e (?.
I?aaeuaeouay niaieoiiinoue ?1—?n noe?aaony. Aeey iieo/aiey auai?ee
cia/aiey ? io 1 aei N eniieuecothony noaiaea?oiua i?ia?aiiu RND ii oiio
eee eiiio caeiio.
4. Aiaeeoe/aneay a?aaeoa?iaea ono?ienoaa.
X– ecia?aiiia cia/aiea ia?aiao?a
ono?ienoaa.
Y ( YAI Y– caienaiiia cia/aiea a iaiyoue YAI.
.
– ia?aoiay a?aaeoa?iai/iay ooieoeey.
Ii yoie ooieoeee no?ieony a?aaeoa?iai/iay oaaeeoea:
Y X O?aieoue yoe oaaeeoeu ia i?aeoeea iaoaeiaii e
a?iiicaeei ( aianoi oaaeeoeu –
. . iieeiiiu n– noaiaie. Yoe iieeiiiu
?aaeeciaaiu a aeaea i?ia?aii e ia Ianeaea eo
. . iauai aeinoeaaao 40–60 no?ie.
. .
5. Eioa?iieyoeey e yeno?aiieyoeey.
Eioa?iieyoeey eniieuecoaony aeey iaoiaeaeaiey i?iiaaeooi/iiai (i?ioeiai)
cia/aiey ia?aiao?a ?.
?acee/atho: i?yioth, nooiai/aooth, ia?aaiee/aneoth, eaaae?aoe/ioth
eioa?iieyoeeth.
Yeno?aiieyoeey eniieuecoaony aeey iaoiaeaeaiey aoaeoueo (iineaaeothueo)
cia/aiee.
?max – aaa?eeiia cia/aiea.
Niiniau eoa?iieyoeee e yeno?aiieyoeee ioi?ieaiu a aeaea i?ia?aiiu,
eioi?ay o?aieony a noaiaea?oiie aeaeeioaea.
6. Oeeo?iaay oeeueo?aoeey.
Nouanoaotho i?ia?aiiu, ?aaeecothuea oeeo?iaua oeeueo?u 0,1,2–ai
ii?yaeea, a oaeaea oeeo?iaua oeeueo?u Eaeiaia e Eaeiaia–Aueth?e.
Niiniau oi?aaeaiey YAI i?e ?aaioa n aiaoieie ono?ienoaaie.
1. Oi?aaeaiea ii ioeeiiaieyi.
YAI Caaea/a ninoieo a iiaeaea?aeaiee ia IO
iaeioi?iai ia?aiao?a o caaeaiiiai:
– aaa?eeiia cia/aiea.
; i– aeene?aoiia a?aiy
I?iaeaia: (o– iiaeao auoue const eee (.
Ia i?aeoeea:
a) eeai (o ii?aaeaeyaony eee ?ann/eouaaaony enoiaey ec iienaiey iauaeoa
oi?aaeaiey ono?ienoa nayce n IO e oneiaee aai ?aaiou;
a) eeai i?iaiaeeony i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia iiaeaee?iaaiea ?aaiou iauaeoa e
ii ?acoeueoaoai yoiai iiaeaee?iaaiey ii?aaeaeyaony ?aaioa o.
2. I?iii?oeeiiaeueiia oi?aaeaiea.
Aeaiiue niinia yaeyaony aieaa a?oaui ii n?aaiaieth n i?aaeuaeouei.
Ia i?aeoeea (eiaaea iauaeo ia iaiyai):
3. Noioinoe/aneay aii?ieneiaoeey.
;
Aeaiiue niinia yaeyaony aieaa oiieei ii n?aaiaieth ni aoi?ui niiniaii.
Yoe niiniau iicaieytho i?aaieciaaoue nai i?ioeann oi?aaeaiey.
Yeaiaiou iaoaiaoe/aneiai iiaeaee?iaaiey.
?acee/atho neaaeothuea eeannu iiaeaeae:
1. Eeiaeiue e iaeeiaeiue.
2. Noaoe/aneee e aeeiaie/aneee.
3. Iai?a?uaiue e aeene?aoiue.
4. Aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiue (ca?aiaa ii?aaeaeaiiue) e noioanoe/aneee.
?acee/iua niiniau iiaeaee.
Aeey aaoiiaoecaoeee oaoie/aneeo i?ioeannia ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iauaeoia
iiaeaee?iaaiey ?aaiou au/eneeoaeueiuo nenoai eae i?aaeei eniieuecoaony
eeiaeiay noioinoe/aneay iiaeaeue eioi?ay iienuaaaony nenoaiie 2-o
aaeoi?iuo eiia/ii?aciinoiuo o?aaiaiee neaaeothuaai aeaea:
, (1) o?aaiaiea aeeiaieee
, (2) o?aaiaiea iaaethaeaiey (ecia?aiey)
i– aeene?aoiia a?aiy
– yoi aaeoi?–noieaoeu ia?aiao?ia i?ioeanna iauaeoa nenoaiu
(Niioaaonoaaiii iiiaiou a?aiaie i e i+1 ?acia?iinoueth [1*n]);
Ai ,i+1 – Ecaanoiay eaaae?aoiay iao?eoea ia?aoiaea i?ioeanna iauaeoa
nenoaiu ec ninoiyiey a iiiaio a?aiaie i a ninoiyiea iiiaioa a?aiaie i+1
?acia?iinoueth [n*n];
– Aaeoi?iue noieaaoe aiciouathueo aicaeaenoaee (iiiao) a iiiaio a?aiaie
i+1, ?acia?iinoueth [1*n];
– Aaeoi? noieaaoe a ia?aiao?ao iaaethaeaiey eee ecia?aiey a iiiaio
a?aiaie i+1, ?acia?iinoueth [1*m];
Bi+1 – Ecaanoiay iao?eoea iaaethaeaiey eee ecia?aiey a iiiaio a?aiaie
i+1, ?acia?iinoueth [m*n];
– Aaeoi? noieaaoe aiciouathueo aicaeaenoaee iaaethaeaiey ecia?aiey a
iiiaio a?aiaie i+1, ?acia?iinoueth [1*m];
m(n;
. Inoaeueiua i?aaeiieaaathony eeai ecaanoiuie, eeai ii?aaeaeythony
eaeei-oi ia?acii. Ia i?aeoeea n(10 a i?ioeaiii neo/aa au/eneaiey
a?iiicaeee.
I?eia?: Ecia?yaony ieaaii iaiythueeny ia?aiao?, eioi?ui ioaeii
oi?aaeyoue (n caaeaiiie iia?aoiinoueth).
, ( – eiyooeoeeaio
A aeaiiie nenoaia o/eouaathony oieueei aaeaeeoeaiua ioeaee.
Aeey o/aoa, ia?yaeo n o/aoii aaeaeeoeaiuo ioeaie e ioeueoeieeeaoeaiuo
ioeaie nenoaia i?eieiaao aeae:
– ecaanoiay eaaae?aoiay iao?eoea o/aoa ioeueoeieeeaoeaiuo ioeaie
?acia?iinoueth [m*n];
– ecaanoiay iao?eoea o/aoa ioeueoeieeeaoeaiuo ioeaie i?e iaaethaeaiee
eee ecia?aiee ?acia?iinoueth [m*n].
?anniio?aia nenoaia o?aaiaiee i?aaenoaaeaiiuo oeeo?iaui oeeueo?ii
Eaeiaia n iiiiuueth eioi?iai iiaoo auoue ii?aaeaeaiu oaeouea ia?aiao?u,
a oaeaea i?aaeoanoaothuea e iineaaeothuea.
I?eia?: O?aaiaio i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey a neiaeiie ANO:
ANO=IO+OeNO
a) Iauaeo oi?aaeaiey aeeth/aao a naay: eieaniua n?aaenoaa ia?aaeaeaeaiey
e eniuoaoaeueiue noaiae aeey eieoaoeee iaoo?iuo yenia?eiaioia.
a) Eiiieaen oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa: neiaeiia ANO eiathuee ea?a?oeth.
I–iuoue;
Ao–aeaeaoa?ieiae;
NE–neaia?;
Ee–eeaaeaoo?a;
AI–a?aoiiino?ieoaeue;
I–i?eioa?;
IN–iiaenenoaiiue nai?;
IO–ioeueoiaia oi?aaeaiea iia?aoi?a.
Ia 1-i o?iaia i?iecaiaeeony nai?, ?aaeno?aoeey, i?aia?aciaaiea
eioi?iaoeee, ?aaeecaoeey oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaee.
Ia 2-i o?iaia i?iecaiaeeony iia?aoeaiay ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee n 1-ai
o?iaiy.
Ia 3-i o?iaia i?iecaiaeeony ieaie?iaaiea yenia?eiaioia, ia?aaioea
noaoenoeee ca aeeeoaeueiue ia?eiae e aa aiaeec, ?an/ao ia?aaioaiiuo
oa?aeoa?enoee.
3. Acaeiinaycue iniiaiuo i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii (i?ia?aiiiuo iiaeoeae)
iiae nenoaiie oi?aaeaiey ANO:
Iiaeoee:
1. Oi?aaeythuay i?ia?aiia (i?ia?aiia–iiieoi?).
2. I?ia?aiia oi?aaeaiey ia?aiao?aie i?ioeanna.
3. I?ia?aiia iaaeiaoeiiie nayce (286 ia 1-i o?iaia, 386 ia 2-i o?iaia) e
iiaenenoaia oi?aaeaiey.
4. Iiaeoee iaaeiaoeiiie nayce (286 i?ioeanni?a iiaenenoaia oi?aaeaiey e
286 i?ioeanni?a iiaenenoaia nai?a eioi?iaoeee).
5. I?ia?aiia nai?a e ?aaeno?aoeee ecia?eoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee a
iiaenenoaia oi?aaeaiey (286 i?ioeanni? iiaenenoaia oi?aaeaiey)
6. I?ia?aiia ia?aaioee ecia?eoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee a iiaenenoaia
oi?aaeaiey (286 i?ioeanni? iiaenenoaiu oi?aaeaiey).
7. I?ia?aiia ia/aeueiiai aeeaeiaa (i?ia?aiia, i?aaeiacia/aia aeey
aaaeaiey ia/aeueiiai aeeaeiaa iieueciaaoaeai n IYAI 2-ai o?iaiy 386).
8. I?ia?aiia aecoaeecaoeee i?ioeanna (IYAI 2-ai o?iaiy 386).
9. I?ia?aiia i?ioieiee?iaaiey ?acoeueoaoia yenia?eiaioa (IYAI 2-ai
o?iaiy 386).
10. I?ia?aiia nai?a e ?aaeno?aoeee ecia?eoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee a
iiaenenoaia nai?a eioi?iaoeee (286 i?ioeanni? iiaenenoaiu nai?a
eioi?iaoeee).
11. I?ia?aiia aaa?eeiiai inoaiiaa (286 i?ioeanni? iiaenenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey).
12. I?ia?aiia ia?aaiaea nenoaiu a ?aaeei iaeeaeaiey (286 i?ioeanni?
nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey).
13. I?ia?aiiu auoiaea ec ?aaeeia iaeeaeaiey (286 i?ioeanni? iiaenenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey).
Yoe i?ia?aiiu i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey aaiaea, o?aiaiey e auaea/e
iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee iia?aoi?o n eniieueciaaieai aacu aeaiiuo.
Niaea?aeeo 2 aeaea enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo:
a) iinoiyiii iaiythueany aeaiiua (io naaina e naaino). E iei ioiinyony
aeaoa e a?aiy i?iaaaeaiey yenia?eiaioa; oaieeey, eiy, io/anoai
iia?aoi?a; aai aeieaeiinoue; oaoie/aneia caaeaiea ia yenia?eiaio;
oaoie/aneea oneiaey; aeiiieieoaeueiua oneiaey.
a) iinoiyiiua (?aaeei iaiythueany) aeaiiua: ni?aai/iay eioi?iaoeey
(AINOu, INOu, ii?iaoeau); ni?aai/iua oaaeeoeu; ?acee/iua ?an/aou
(oi?ioeu). Yoie ni?aai/iie eioi?iaoeee niioaaonoaoao ni?aai/iue ?acaeae
aacu aeaiiuo (ni?aaea eee help–iiiiuue).
?aeiiaiaeoaiua aeaiiua: iao?ieiae/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee i?eai?ia e
ono?ienoa; iinoiyiiua naaaeaiey ia yoe i?eai?u.
Iioii caioneaai nenoaio (
8. I?ia?aiia aecoaeecaoeee i?ioeanna.
Yoe i?ia?aiiu iaiaoiaeeiu aeey auaiaea ia ye?ai aaaeiaeoeo ia?aiao?ia
yenia?eiaioaeueiiai i?ioeanna n aiciiaeiinoueth i?iniio?a ae?oaeo a?oii
ia?aiao?ia.
9. I?ia?aiia i?ioieiee?iaaiey ?acoeueoaoia aeey auaea/e ia i?eioa?
?acoeueoaoia yenia?eiaioa.
Aeaa aa?eaioa i?ioieiee?iaaiey:
a) i?yiie auaiae eioi?iaoeee (anao ?acoeueoaoia) i?e ioeaca eee aaa?ee;
a) iaiai?aiiue ca?aiaa caeac/eeii, auaiae ii?aaeaeaiiiai aeiea
?acoeueoaoa yenia?eiaioa.
5,10. I?ia?aiia nai?a e ?aaeno?aoeee ecia?eoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee.
I?aaeiacia/aia aeey nai?a eioi?iaoeee n iauaeoa oi?aaeaiey e i?iaa?ee
ia?aiao?ia i?ioeanna ia i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiue e aaa?eeiue o?iaaiue. A
aeaiiii i?eia?a eioi?iaoeey ?aaeno?e?iaaeanue a 2-o aooa?ao, ?aaioathueo
iii/a?aaeii. Iinea iaiieiaiey 1-ai aooa?a, eioi?iaoeey ia?aoiaeeo ai 2-e
aooa?.
6. I?ia?aiia ia?aaioee ecia?eoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee a iiaenenoaia
oi?aaeaiey.
Auee ?aaeeciaaiu ia iniiaa iniiaiuo niiniaao i?aia?aciaaiey eioi?iaoeee
i?e ?aaioa YAI n aiaoieie ono?ienoaaie.
11. I?ia?aiia aaa?eeiiai inoaiiaa.
Iacia/aiea: a neo/aa i?aauoaiey aaa?eeiiai o?iaiy ia?aiao?ia auaeaoue
eiiaiaeo ia eeaiai, i?a?uaathuee iiaea/o oiieeaa. Iia ?aaeeciaaia ia 2-o
ycueao aiaoiee aeie– Oo?ai-Ianeaeue, aioo?aiiee aeie – ia Annaiaea?a
(aeey auno?iou).
12. I?ia?aiia ia?aaiaea nenoaiu a ?aaeei iaeeaeaiey.
Iaiaoiaeeia a neo/aa i?aauoaiey i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiiai o?iaiy ia?aiao?ia.
Ia ye?ai iia?aoi?o auaeaaony niioaaonoaothuaa niiauaiea. Eniuouaatho 13
iiaeoeue e nenoaia niiaa ia/eiaao ?aaioaoue. 3,4. I?ia?aiia iaaeiaoeiiuo
naycae .
Iaienaia oieueei ia Annaiaea?a.
2. I?ia?aiia oi?aaeaiey ia?aiao?aie i?ioeanna.
I?aaenoaaeyao niaie aiaoithth iaiei/eo anao inoaeueiuo i?ia?aii.
Iino?iaiea aac aeaiiuo.
Aaca aeaiiuo (AAe)– niaieoiiinoue acaeiinaycaiiuo aeaiiuo o?aiyueony a
iaiyoe YAI, aaiaeyony, o?aiyony, i?iniao?eaathony, ia?aaaouaathony, a
oaeaea auaiaeyony ia ye?ai.
Nouanoaoao aeaa niiniaa nicaeaiey aacu aeaiiuo:
a) Iicaaea/iue– eaaeaeay caaea/a ?aaioaao ni naiae niaieoiiinoueth
aeaiiuo;
a) n eniieueciaaieai nenoai oi?aaeaiey AAe (NOAAe).
Eiaai AAe, NOAAe, caaea/e (i?eeeaaeiay i?ia?aiia 1,2, … , n) ?aaioaao
n?aco ni anaie caaea/aie.
NOAAe auiieiyao aeaiyeoth ooieoeeth:
a) yaeyaony eino?oiaioaeueiui n?aaenoaii (n?aaeie), nicaeaiey,
?ac?aaioee, i?ia?aiie?iaaiea AAe;
a) iaania/eaaao yenieoaoaoeeth AAe.
Nia?aiaiiua NOAAe iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue ia neaaeothuea eeannu:
a) yeaeo?iiiua oaaeeoeu (Super Calc /MSDOS/, Excel /Windows/)
Ia?aue eeann NOAAe eniieuecoaony aeey ?aoaiey iaaieueoeo ii iauaio (V) e
ianeiaeiuo ii auiieiaieth caaea/.
Ooieoeeiiaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe yeaeo?iiiuo oaaeeoe:
— iaienaiea, ei??aeoe?iaea e ae?oaay ?aaioa n oaenoii (o.a. eiatho naie
ano?iaiiue ?aaeaeoi?);
— i?iaaaeaiea ?an/aoia e au/eneaiee n iiiiuueth iauai?eiyouo
a?eoiaoe/aneeo, eiae/aneeo iia?aoeee e ano?iaiiuo ooieoeee (sin, cos,
tg, ctg).
— ?aaioa a ?aaeeia inaaaeia?aoeee, o.a. nicaeaiea noieaoeiauo,
i?yiioaieueiuo, e?oaiauo, eeiae/aouo, ciiiuo e ae?oaeo aeeaa?aii.
— ?aaioa ni ano?iaiiie AAe ?aaeeoeeiiiiai oeia.
I?eia?:
Y
A B C D Oaaeeoeu:
1
200 300
iaeua: 128*500
2
n?aaeiea: 256*2000
3
aieueoea: 512*10000
…
X
A a?aoeea:
Oiiiaeaiea 200*300
B1*C1
Yeaeo?iiiua oaaeeoeu niaea?aeao help(iiiiuue); ano?iaiiue
iaeao–ni?aai/iee n i?eia?aie.
I?e ?aaioa n aacie aeaiiuo a yeaeo?iiiuo oaaeeoeao, enoiaeioth oaaeeoeo
niauatho aiec io eaaiai aa?oiaai oaea, a aaa?oo caienuaatho oneiaey
iaoiaeaeaiey aeaiiuo, iie aea–?acoeueoe?othuea oaaeeoeu, eioi?ua
io?aaeatho iienea.
a) Aoi?ie eeann NOAAe n?aaenoai i?ia?aiie?iaaiey aac aeaiiuo
iia?aoeaiiai oeia (Clipper, dbase, FoxBase). Yoe NOAAe n oi/ee c?aiey
oaoiieiaee nicaeaiey AAe aiaeiae/iu noaiaea?oiiio ycueo i?ia?aiie?iaaiey
(Oo?ai–ianeaeue).
a) NOAAe eiiaeie?iaaiiiai oeia (ia iniiaa oaeeiaie
no?oeoo?u /Clarion/).
a) NOAAe ni ano?iaiiuie i?ia?aiiaie (aaia?aoi?aie) aaoiiaoece?iaaiiiai
i?ia?aiie?iaaiey iauaeoia AAe (oaaeeoeo, oi?i aoiaeiuo aeieoiaioaoeee,
iaith n iiaeeeth/aieai iaoaiecia ?ai?aaiecaoeee aeaiiuo a AAe, cai?inia
n io/aoaie /oi?i aoiaeiuo aeieoiaioia/). Paradox – ycue Pal (Pal ia
onooiaao Oo?ai–Ianeaeth 7.0). Ii iicaieyao iiaeeeth/aiea iiaei?ia?aii,
iaienaiiuo ia ethaii ycuea i?ia?aiie?iaaiey
Iauaeou aacu aeaiiuo:
1. a) Oaaeeoeu (acaeiinaycaiiua eee iaacaeiinaycaiiua);
a) eiae/aneea (aa?ooaeueiua) oaaeeoeu – naycaiiua iaaeaeo niaie n
iiiiuueth eeth/aauo ao?eaooia
(ioaeia, /oia ia aeoaee?iaaoue aeaiiua).
2. Oi?iu aoiaeiuo aeieoiaioia n eioi?uie ?aaioaao iieueciaaoaeue.
3. Nenoaia oi?aaeythuaai iaith.
4. Cai?inu.
5. Oi?iu aoiaeiuo aeieoiaioia (io/aou).
Aeey iieiioeaiiie ?aaiou AAe nicaeatho eee iiaeeeth/atho iaoaieci
?ai?aaiecaoeee aeaiiuo a AAe.
AEeciaiiue oeeee aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu:
— “aoiaaeiia” i?ia?aiie?iaaiea;
— ?aaeecaoeey;
— yenieoaoaoeey (aaaaeaiea AAe).
?acee/atho 3 iniiaiuo iiaeaee AAe:
— ea?a?oe/aneay;
— naoaaay (?aaeecoao oaoiieiaeth “Eeeaio–Na?aa?”);
— ?aeyoeeiiioth iiaeaeue aeey IBM PC (eieaeueiay).
Nouanoaoao aeaa iiaeoiaea e nicaeaieth aacu aeaiiuo:
— nia/aea nicaeathony oaaeeoeu e oi?iu, a iioii iaith e cai?inu n
io/aoii;
— nicaeaaony iaith, iioii oaaeeoeu e oi?iu, cai?inu n io/aoaie.
No?oeoo?a aacu aeaiiuo.
Yoi acaeiinaycue iniiaiuo iauaeoia AAe (oaaeeoeu, oi?iu, iaith) n
oaeeiaie no?oeoo?ie. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy aeey nicaeaiey aac aeaiiuo e
ae?oaeo i?ia?aiiiuo i?iaeoeoia eniieuecothony oaoiieiaee
“Eeeaio–Na?aa?”. ?anniio?ei i?eiaiaiea yoie oaoiieiaee ia i?eia?a
?ac?aaioee oe?iu Staffware (Aiaeey). Ia i?ioyaeaiee iineaaeiaai aiaea
yoa oe?ia ?ac?aaaouaaao i?iaeoeou aianoa n IBM(NOA) e Microsoft (NOA).
No?oeoo?a ?ac?aaioee oe?iu Staffware:
Aeaiiay nenoaia i?aaeiacia/aia aeey aaoiiaoecaoeee oi?aaeaiey
aeieoiaioaie a yeaeo?iiiii ioena. Iauai yeaeo?iiiie oaenoiaie
eioi?iaoeee (aeieoiaioa) noaiao a 3 ?aca aieueoa. Iai?eia? a NOA
aaeaaeiaaii nicaeaaony 900 iei. no?aieoe eioi?iaoeee, 76 iei. ienai e
21iei. ae?oaeo aeieoiaioia, o?aieoea (1.3o?e. aeieoiaioia ia aoiaaa.
Iaeiaei, iieo/eoue aeinooi iiaeii eeoue e 10% yoie eioi?iaoeee.
I?eia?u aiaae?aiey aeaiiie nenoaiu a ?innee:
a) Oieeiiaaie e aai oeeeaeu;
a) AinAeoia;
a) Oaeaaaie;
a) AI “Naycueeioi?i”;
ae) Iineianeay nioiaay naycue;
a) Aacaaoioaoianeoaeeaaiea;
ae) Iinaiaeieaiae;
a) ?inyia?ai.
?anoeo?iaea noaiu:
1. Ia/aeueiee.
2. UNIX–na?aa? (a?aoe/aneay noaioeey).
3. A?oea (aeeneaou, aiia?aoo?a).
4. Aooaaeoa?ey (IBM PC, MS–Windows, Staffware)/
5. Eaioeaey?ey (IBM, oi?aaeaiea eaioeaey?eae, MS–Windows).
6. Ioaeae ?aaeecaoeee (IBM, oi?aaeaiea eaioeaey?eae, MS–Windows).
7. Oaeneieeueiue aiia?ao (oaen).
8. Iiaeai.
9. Iaeiaiaay einiaeoeey.
10. Aaie.
A aeaiiie nenoaia eniieuecoaony ?oneoeoee?iaaiiue Windows e
?oneoeoee?iaaiiua i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu n aeieoiaioaoeeae. A aieaa
?aiieo ?ac?aaioeao eniieuecoaony “Formflow”.
Nenoaia iaania/eaaao:
— oi?aaeaiea aeieoiaioaie;
— ia?aaioeo ia?acoeia aeieoiaioia.
Workflow – yoi aeieoiaioiiai?io e/eee iioiee ?aaio, eioi?ua
i?aaiecothony i?ioeaaeo?ie (iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue /aoei auaeaeaiiuo
oaaia) a niioaaonoaee n i?aaeaa?eoaeueii caaeaiiuie i?aaeeaie e
i?eaioe?iaai ia eieeaeoeaiia auiieiaiea.
I?aeiouanoaa Workflow:
a) iiiai iieueciaaoaeae;
a) iiiai caaea/;
a) ?acaeaeaiea ?aaio;
a) oi?aaeaiea, eiio?ieue eniieiaiey;
ae) i?inoioa a eniieueciaaiee, aeaeinoue.
ss?eee i?eia? iaania/aiey yoeo aeinoieinoa, iaee/ea a nenoaia
a?aoiiino?ieoaey i?ioeaaeo? (ana aeaeaaony ia ye?aia) – yoi iiaia
eino?oiaioaeueiia n?aaenoai a ninoaaa Staffware, iicaieyao a?aoe/anee
iienaoue ana iniiaiua eiiiiiaiou eiae/aneie noaiu aeieoiaioiiai?ioa:
— aae?ana–eiaia iieueciaaoaeae (eo a?oiiu, eo ?iee /aeieaeiinoe/);
— iiey (oaenoiaua, oeeo?iaua, aeaiiino?aoeeiiiua);
— eiiaiaeu naycaiiua n iieyie eee oi?iaie;
— niauoey (aiaoiaa aicaeaenoaea);
— aeaenoaey (iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue, ia?aeeaeueiinoue, oneiaiinoue);
— iaeeaeaiea , o.a. oi/ee neio?iiecaoeee;
— i?aaeaeueiua n?iee.
Oi?iu iiaoo auoue ?ac?aaioaiu n iiiiuueth ?ac?aaio/eea oi?i Staffware
for UNIX.
Ieii a?aoe/aneiai iino?ieoaey i?ioeaaeo?:
?ac?aaio/ee i?ioeaaeo?.
Procedure
(i?ioeaaeo?a) Edit
(?aaeaeoi?) Tools
(eino?oiaiou) View
(i?iniio?) Field
(iiea) Options
(onoaiiaea) Help
I?iniio? i?ioeaaeo? caioneaaony ia auiieiaiea ec aeaaiiai ieia
Staffware.
Eiiaiaeie a iaith Procedure iicaieyao caa?oceoue , nio?aieoue,
oaeaeeoue e ia/aoue i?ioeaaeo?o e ii?aaeaeeoue aeaaeaeueoea i?ioeaaeo?u
.
Eiiaiaea a iaith Edit i?aaeiacia/aia aeey oaeaeaiey e ei??aeoe?iaee
iauaeoia.
A iaith Tools iaania/eaaaony auai? ec iaai?a iauaeoia (noaiu
aeieoiaioiiai?ioia):
1. Oeacaoaeue.
2. Eeiey.
3. Ia?o?ooecaoi?.
4. Oaa.
5. Aaoiiaoe/aneee oaa.
6. Noeaia?ee.
7. Niauoea.
8. Aaeieieno?aoeaiue io/ao.
9. Oneiaea.
10. Iaeeaeaiea.
11. Noii.
A iaith View oiaiueoaiea eee oaaee/aiea ?acia?a ecia?aaeaiey, eiiaiaeu
ea?oa–noaia anae i?ioeaaeo?u e auai?a aa /anoae aeey ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey.
Field – aaeeinoaaiiay eiiaiaea ii?aaeaeeoue iienaiea iiey eniieuecoaiie
i?ioeaaeo?u, eiy iiey, aai oei, aeeeio.
Options – onoaiiaea ?acee/iuo ia?aiao?ia iano?ieee ?acee/iuo
iino?ieoaeae.
E?aoeea naaaeaiey i oaoiieiaee i?ia?aiie?iaaiey aac ciaiee.
Iniiaiua iiiyoey e ii?aaeaeaiey.
Iniiaiua eaeae nia?aiaiiie aaoiiaoecaoeee ?acee/iuo ?aaio aace?othueony
ia eiioeaioeee aac aeaiiuo.
Iiiyoea “nenoaiu aac aeaiiuo”: NAAe(AAe+NOAAe.
Nouanoaoao aiaeiae/iue oa?iei – “nenoaia aac ciaiee”: NAC(AC+NOAC,(AC
aeeth/aao AAe).
AAe – i?aaeiaoiua ciaiey (oa?aeoa?enoeee i?aaeiaoiuo iaeanoae).
Nenoaia aac ciaiee (NAC) – aiaeiaoa?iei AAe eioi?ue iiieiaaony eae:
a) eino?oiaioaeueiay nenoaia aeey nicaeaiey e ooieoeeiie?iaaiey aac
ciaiee;
a) ooieoeeiie?iaaiey eiie?aoiie aacu ciaiee eee ianeieueei oaeeo aac
(i?eeeaaeiay).
A ca?oaaaeiie eeoa?aoo?a NAC iiieiaaony eae nenoaia aace?othuayny ia
ciaieyo. A ?onnei–ycu/iie eeoa?aoo?a NAC iacuaaaony: eioaeeaeooaeueiay
nenoaia, yenia?oiay nenoaia, nenoaia eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa.
Iniiaiua /anoe aacu ciaiee:
I?eia/aiey:
1. a?aieoeu iaaeaeo /anoyie oneiaiu (iiaoo ia?anaeaoueny).
2. a ?acee/iuo nenoaiao AC yoe /anoe eiatho ?acee/ey eae a i?eioeeiao,
oae e a aeaoaeyo.
Naiay oa?aeoa?iay /a?oa NAC ninoieo a iaee/ee e eniieueciaaiee AC.
Eioaeeaeooaeueiay nenoaia ioiineony e eeanno eioi?iaoeeiiii–ni?aai/iuo
nenoai.
No?oeoo?a e ninoaa AC.
Caia/aiea: /anoi a eeoa?aoo?a NAC iacuaatho AC.
Iiaeoeueiia i?ia?aiie?iaaiea.
Iiaeoeueiay /anoue i?ia?aiiu auiieiyao ii?aaeaeaiioth ooieoeeth,
eiathuay caeeth/eoaeueiue aeae. No?aoaaey iiaeoeueiiai i?ia?aiie?iaaiey
“naa?oo–aiec” i?eiaiyaony a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ?ac?aaio/ee eiaao
iieiue iaai? enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo. Yoa no?aoaaey aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
ia?aeeaeueii iiaeaee?iaaoue i?ia?aiiu n iaeiaiueoae o?oaeiaieinoueth.
Oai ia iaiaa a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iieo/aiea iieiiai iaai?a enoiaeiuo
aeaiiuo ?anoyiooi ai a?aiaie, eniieuecotho no?aoaaeth “nieco–aaa?o”,
eioi?ay iicaieyao ia/aoue i?ia?aiio aei iiiaioa iieo/aiey iieiiai iaai?a
enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo.
?acee/iua aeai?eoie/aneea e iaaeai?eoie/aneea ciaiey.
Aeai?eoie/aneea (i?ioeaaeo?iua) ciaiey – aeai?eoiu, i?ia?aiiu,
i?ioeaaeo?u, auoiaeiua ooieoeee, auiieiytho i?aia?aciaaiey e ?aoatho
oi/ii ii?aaeaeaiiua caaea/e.
Aaca aeai?eoie/aneeo ciaiee – ethaia nia?aiea (aeaeeioaea) i?ia?aii.
Iaaeai?eoie/aneea ciaiey – ciaiey, ninoiyuea ec iuneeiuo iauaeoia,
iacuaathueany iiiyoeyie.
Nouanoaoao aeaa aeaea iaaeai?eoie/aneeo ciaiee: eiioeaiooaeueiua
(iiiyoeeiua) e oaeooaeueiua (i?aaeiaoiua).
No?oeoo?a e ninoaa nenoaiiiai i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey (NII).
No?oeoo?a NII:
IN– iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia.
III– iaeaou i?eeeaaeiie i?ia?aiiu.
EIOI– eiiieaen i?ia?aii oaoie/aneiai ianeoaeeaaiey.
OI– oi?aaeythuay i?ia?aiia.
NI– nenoaia i?ia?aii.
NI– nenoaia ianeoaeeaaiey.
NA– nenoaia aaia?aoeee.
Aaeeiay nenoaia i?ia?aiiiie aeieoiaioaoeee (ANIAe).
Nouanoaoao aeaa iniiaiuo nenoaiu aeieoiaioaoeee:
1. ANEAe (eiino?oeoeaiay aeieoiaioaoeey).
2. ANIAe (i?ia?aiiiay aeieoiaioaoeey).
Eino?oeoeey aeey aaaaeaiey aacu aeaiiuo, ia?a/aiue iniiaiuo aeieoiaioia
iaiaoiaeeiuo i?e ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aiiiuo i?iaeoeoia e ANO.
1. Oaoie/aneia caaeaiea – yoi ?acoeueoao nai?a e aiaeeca enoiaeiuo
aeaiiuo enneaaeiaaiey eiie?aoiie i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe e ?aaiou
?ac?aaio/eea aeey caeac/eea.
2. Oaoie/aneia i?aaeeiaeaiea (iaiaycaoaeueii).
3. Yneeciue i?iaeo.
4. Oaoie/aneee i?iaeo.
5. ?aai/ee i?iaeo.
6. Ianii?o ia i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea e i?ia?aiio.
7. Ianii?oa ia ioaeaeueiua i?ia?aiiiua iiaeoee.
8. Eino?oeoeey nenoaiiiio i?ia?aiienoo.
9. Eino?oeoeey i?ia?aiienoo.
10. Eino?oeoeey iieueciaaoaeth.
11. Eino?oeoeey ii yenieoaoaoeee.
12. Eenou eciaiaiey.
Oaoie/aneia i?aaeeiaeaiea – niaieoiiinoue ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii ?aaeecaoeee
eiie?aoiie caaea/e.
Eiiaaea oaoie/aneia i?aaeeiaeaiea caiaiyaony ia /anoe:
Yneeciue i?iaeo – aeieoiaio n i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui ii?aaeaeaieai
oaoie/aneeo, iaoaiaoe/aneeo, eioi?iaoeeiiiuo, i?ia?aiiiuo,
iao?ieiae/aneeo n?aaenoa, n i?aaiecaoeeiiii–iaoiaee/aneei iaania/aieai.
Oaoie/aneee i?iaeo – aeieoiaio, a eioi?ii ii?aaeaeaiu ia?a/eneaiiuie a
yneeciii i?iaeoa n?aaenoaaie, ia niaea?aeauee ?aai/ae i?ia?aiiu.
?aai/ee i?iaeo – caaa?oathuee aeieoiaio, a eioi?ii ieii/aoaeueii
ii?aaeaeaiu ana n?aaenoaa, ia/eiay io oaoie/aneeo e eii/ay
i?aaiecaoeeiiiue iaoiae iaania/aiey.
Noaaeee ?ac?aaioee OC:
Ai iiiaeo neo/ayo i?aaeoanoaoao ?ac?aaioeai iaoiaeaie enneaaeiaaiey
eiie?aoiie i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe.
?anniio?ei NIAe:
AINO 19104–78 – iniiaiua iaaeiene.
A ninoaa iniiaiuo iaaeienae eenoa ooaa?aeaeaiey e oeooeueiiai eenoa
i?ia?aiiiuo aeieoiaioia aoiaeyo no?oeoo?iua aeaiiua:
a) iaeiaiiaaiea aaaeiinoaa;
a) iaeiaiiaaiea aeieoiaioa;
a) iaicia/aiea aeieoiaioa (eiaeu);
a) naaaeaiey i iineoaea aeaiiuo n iiaeeeiieeii;
ae) naaaeaiey i ?ac?aaio/eea;
a) aeca–ii?ia eiio?iea?a;
ae) ioiaoea ia o/aoa e o?aiaiee;
c) naaaeaiey ia eciaiaiee.
AINO 19105–78 – iaycaoaeueiua o?aaiaaiey e i?ia?aiia.
I?ia?aiiiue i?iaeoeo ninoieo ec oneiaiuo /anoae:
a) oeooeueiay – eeno ooaa?aeaeaiey, oeooeueiue eeno;
a) eioi?iaoeeiiiay – aiiioaoeey, niaea?aeaiea;
a) iniiaiay – no?oeoo?a onoaiiaeaiiay noaiaea?oaie ANIAe ia
niioaaonoaothuee aeieoiaio;
a) ?aaeno?aoeey eciaiaiee – i eaaeaeii eciaiaiee aeieoiaioa aeaeaaony
iaaeienue ii AINOo 19603–78.
AINO 19106–78 – o?aaiaaiey e i?ia?aiiiui i?iaeoeoai, auiieiaiiui
ia/aoiui niiniaii.
Ia/aoiua niiniau:
a) iaoeiiieniue – ia iaeiie noi?iia eenoa /a?ac aeaa eioa?aaea (1 eee
1.5 eioa?aaea iiaeii, anee iiaeoiaeeoue e iee?ioeeueie?iaaieth ii AINOo
13102–72);
a) iaoeiiue – ia iaeiie noi?iia eenoa /a?ac eioa?aae aeey
iee?ioeeueie?iaaiey;
a) oeiia?aoiue niinia – a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie, i?aaeuyaeyaiuie e
ecaeaieyi, ecaioiaeaiiui yoei niiniaii.
AINO 1975–78 – niaoeeoeeaoeey o?aaiaaiee e niaea?aeaieth ioi?ieaiey.
Niaoeeoeeaoeey auioneaaiay ia eaaeaeoth i?ia?aiio, a iauai neo/aa
aeieaeia niaea?aeaoue:
a) aeieoiaioaoeeth;
a) aoiaeyuea i?ia?aiiu.
AINO 19402–78 – iienaiea i?ia?aiiu.
Iniiaiay /anoue ninoieo ec aaiaeiie /anoe e ?acaeaeia:
a) ooieoeeiiaeueiay iacia/aiiinoue;
a) iienaiea eiaeee.
AINO 19501–78 – oi?ioey? e o?aaiaaieth niaea?aeaiey ioi?ieaiey.
A iniiaiie /anoe aeieoiaioa ?acee/atho:
a) iauea oeacaiey;
a) iauea naaaeaiey;
a) iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee;
a) eiiieaeoiinoue;
ae) ia?eiaee/aneee eiio?ieue iniiaiuo oa?aeoa?enoee i?e yenieoaoaoeee e
o?aiaiee;
a) naeaeaoaeuenoai i i?eaiea;
ae) naeaeaoaeuenoai ia oiaeiaea e ia?ee?iaea;
c) aa?aioeeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa;
e) naaaeaiey i ?aeeaiaoeeyo;
e) naaaeaiey i o?aiaiee;
e) naaaeaiey i cae?aieaiee i?ia?aiiiiai ecaeaeey i?e yenieoaoaoeee;
i) naaaeaiey ia eciaiaieyo;
i) iniaua ioiaoee;
i) i?eia/aiey.
AINO 19502–78 – iniiaiua iienaiey o?aaoaiua e niaea?aeaieth e
ioi?ieaieth.
?acaeaeaiu ia iniiaiua /anoe:
a) iacia/aiea;
a) oneiaey i?eiaiaiey;
a) ninoaa e ooieoeee.
I?e nicaeaiee AC eniieuecoaony iaoaieci i?eiyoey ?aoaiee n iaai?ii
eiae/aneeo ooieoeee.
Aeey eo iino?iaiey i?eiaiythony aeaa oaaeeoeu enoeiiinoe (a ieo
eniieuecoaony 5 iia?aoeee):
1. ( (yeaeaaeaioiue).
2. ( (neaaeiaaiea).
3. ( (E).
4. ( (EEE).
5. – (io?eoeaiea).
Oaaeeoea 1:
Oaaeeoea 2:
A,A A (A A (A A(A A(A
11 1 1 1 1
10 0 0 0 1
01 0 1 0 1
00 1 1 0 0
; ?=1, Q=0, R=1. EMBED Word.Picture.6 OOoooaaua
_
A A
1 0
0 1
a:=b
b:=c
a/2
0.2 a 0.6 a
1/4a
a
b
r=a/4
a/2
b
a
b
a
a
b
a
ia/aei.
aaiae eno.
aeaiiuo
auai?
iai?aae.
?ac?aaioee
oaae aea nicae oaae
O O
iao
aea
oi?ia nicaeae
f1 oi?iu 1
iao
aea
oi?ia nicaeaiea
f2 oi?iu 2
iao
iieuec. aea nicaeaiea
iaith iieueciaao
iaith
iao
iaoaieci aea iiaeeeth/.
?aia? iao-ia
?ai?a
aeaiiuo aeaiiuo
iao
aea
cai?in 1
nicaeaiea
cai?ina 1
iao
aea
cai?in 2 nicaeaiea
cai?ina 2
iao
?ai?a . aea ?ai?aaiec.
oaae O oaaeeoeu
O
iao
aea
?ai?a. ?ai?aaiec
oi?i oi?i
iao
?ai?a aea ?ai?aaiec
cai?nia cai?inia
iao
?ai?a aea ?ai?aaiec
iaith iaith
iao
aea
ieii/aiea eiiaoe
iao
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