??‘??‚‘??‰ ??‘“„?˜‘’‚…˜˜›‰ ?˜†…˜…˜˜?-”?‡?—…‘??‰ ?˜‘’?’“’
(’…•˜?—…‘??‰ “˜?‚…˜‘?’…’)
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? aeY¤a 22
˜®ia?aY«i i § ??a? ?
?“˜‘?‚?‰ ˜?˜?’…
aY¬a
“˜ §a !®a? «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a
¤«i i§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ ”
aaa¤Ya?? Faa??e ?7-01
˜Ycn??®© ?«iF? ?«Y?a ¤a®ce
˜ ace© aa?®c®¤?aY«i:
?®¬?aa?i:
?aeY? :
?®a?c 1995F.
1. ‚‚…„…˜?…
‚ a®®acYaaac?? a § ¤ ?Y¬ “?˜ ? ?˜ c ¤ ®¬ aY¬YaaaY ?YaY¤® ¬®© !e«? ?®aa c«Ye a«Y¤aie?Y aeY«?:
– ®§ ?®¬?aiai a i§e?®¬ ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ ? ?§ac?ai YF®;
– ?§ac?ai aaaa?aaaa aa a«ia®a a i§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ ;
– ®§ ?®¬?aiai a ¬Ya®¤ ¬? «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ ;
– ?§ac?ai aaaa?aaaa «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a ;
– a §a !®a ai aaaa?aaaa ¤ ea ¤«i aY «?§ ae?? «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a ;
– ??a ai aea?ae?i, ca®¤ ?®a®a®© ?®aaa? Ya a??a®? «Y?aY¬, cea®¤Y – a??a®? a??a?®c. ˜«Y¬Ya®¬ ia®F® a??a? a??a?®c ic«iYaai a??a®? «Y?aY¬, ?®a®ae© ?aY¤aa c«iYa a®!®© ®¤® ?aY¤«®¦Y?Y ?a®Fa ¬¬e, ??a ®© ˜®a¬Y, ®? c?c ieYYai a®c?®©. ’.Y. ia aea?ae?i “aY¦Ya” ?®aaa? ie?© ca®¤ a??a®? «Y?aY¬ ?® a®c? ¬.
2. ?!e i a a ?aYa?aa?? i§e? ˜®a¬
2.1 ?§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ .
?§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ ic«iYaai ¤Y?« a a?ce¬ (Y?a®aeY¤aae¬) i§e?®¬ ? ?aY¤ § cY ¤«i a?Yae?ae?? ae?? § ¤ c cec?a«?aY«i®F® a a ?aYa . ‚ ?a®aeYaaY aa a«iae??, ?®¬?¬® aa ¤?ae?®ea § ¤ c, ?a?¬Ya, a?a ?a?cYa?®F®, aY¬ a?cYa?®F® «?§ , aYe Yaai § ¤ c a?aY§ cea®¤®© ?a®Fa ¬¬e, a® Yaai ®?aY¤Y«Y?i ?®ai¤? cec?a«Y?© ? a?®a®! cec?a«Y?© a acYa®¬ c®§¬®¦®aaY© cea®¤®F® i§e? ? aa?aY?aaae ?®¬?iiaYa .
?§e? ˜®a¬ ic«iYaai a?Yae?«?§?a®c e¬ i§e?®¬ ? ?aY¤ § cY ¤«i a?Yae?ae?? ae?? c?a«Yea ¬Ya®¤®c aYeY?i § ¤ c ¬ aY¬ a?cYa?®© ae?§???. ?§ c «i® ® !e« ®a?Ya?a®c aYeY?Y § ¤ c ¬ aY¬ a?cYa?®© ae?§??? a §®aae¬? ¬Ya®¤ ¬?, ®¤ ?® ¬®¦Ya !eai ?a?®«i§®c ¤«i aYeY?i !®«YY e?a®?®F® ?« aa cec?a«?aY«iea § ¤ c.
’???ce© ?a®aeYaa aYeY?i § ¤ c? ?§ ®!« aa? ¬ aY¬ a?cYa?®© ae?§??? a®aa®?a ?§ a«Y¤aie?a ia ?®c.
1. ˜®aa ®c? § ¤ c?. ‚ea®¤®¬ ia®F® ia ? ic«iYaai ®!ec® a?aaY¬ ¤?aeaeYaYae? «iea aa cY?©, ®??aec ie?a § ¤ ca.
2. ‚e!®a ?a®aaa aacY®-caY¬Y®© aYa?? ? ¤?a?aYa?§ ae?i aa cY?© a ?®¬®eii ®¤®F® ?§ a §®aaea ¬Ya®¤®c.
3. ‚e!®a ¬Ya®¤ aYeY?i ¤?a?aYaea aa cY?©. ‚ aY§a«ia aY ?®«ac iaai ae®a¬a«e (a®®a®eY?i), ®??aec ie?©Y Y®!a®¤?¬eY cec?a«Y?i c a§« a aYa??.
4. ˜a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?Y ?®«acYea ae®a¬a« Y?®a®a®¬ i§e?Y, ?®a®ae© ®!Ya?Yc?c Ya aYeY?Y § ¤ c? cec?a«?aY«i®© ¬ e?Y.
?« c i ?¤Yi, ?®«®¦Y i c ®a®ca i§e? ˜®a¬ , § ?«ic Yaai c a®¬, ca® ?®«acYeY ?a??« ¤e¬ a?Yae? «?aa®¬ c ?a®aeYaaY aYeY?i ?a??« ¤®© § ¤ c? a acYaeY ae®a¬a«e ?®ca? Y?®aaY¤aacY® ?a?®«i§aiaai ¤«i cc®¤ c cec?a«?aY«iai a?aaY¬a ? ?a®cY¤Y?i acYa .
’ ??¬ ®!a §®¬, i§e? ˜®a¬ ¤ Ya ?a??« ¤®¬a ¬ aY¬ a??a c®§¬®¦®aai aae®a¬a«?a®c ai ac®i § ¤ ca c ?a?cecea ¤«i YF® aYa¬? a. ?aF ?§ ae?i ?a®aeYaa cec?a«Y?© a acYa®¬ aa?aY?aaae ˜‚? (c®§¬®¦®aaY© ? a ««Y«i®©, cY?a®a®© ®!a !®a?? ? a. ?.) – §a® § ¤ c aa a«ia®a a i§e? ˜®a¬ .
‘aeYaacYe¬ ae ?a®¬ ic«iYaai c®§¬®¦®aai aY «?§ ae?? ®¤®© ?a®Fa ¬¬e i§e?Y ˜®a¬ a §«?ce¬? cec?a«?aY«ie¬? ?a®aeYaa ¬?. ?¬Y® a §a !®a? «F®a?a¬ a a a ?aYa?aa?? ¬?, !«?§??¬? ? ®?a?¬ «ie¬ ? iaeaeY?a?c® ac?aec ie?¬? ®a®!Y®aa? ?®?aYaea ˜‚?, ic«iYaai ?!®«YY a§??¬ ¬Yaa®¬ a®§¤ ?i cea®?®? cYaacY®F® ?a®Fa ¬¬®F® ®!Ya?YcY?i.
‡ ??ai i§e?Y ˜®a¬ – ia®, ?® aaeYaaca, aaa®F i § ??ai c?a«Yea ¬Ya®¤®c aYeY?i ¬ aY¬ a?cYa?®© § ¤ c?, § ??ai YeY Y «F®a?a¬®c, ?a®aa® a acYaea ae®a¬a« ? ®aa «i®© Y®!a®¤?¬®© ?ae®a¬ ae??, ?®a®aai Y®!a®¤?¬® § ai, ca®!e ??a ai ?a®Fa ¬¬a ¤«i ˜‚?.
?a¬Ya?¬, ca® c § ??a? ˜®a¬Y Y aaY!aYaai ?? ?®© ?ae®a¬ ae?? ® ?®ai¤?Y acYa , a?®a®! a ®aF ?§ ae?? cec?a«?aY«iea (ae??«?cYa??a) ?a®aeYaa®c. ˜®ai¤®? ?aY¤«®¦Y?© i§e? ¬®¦Ya !eai ?a®?§c®«ie¬ – ?ae®a¬ ae?®eY c§ ?¬®aci§? !a¤aa ceic«Ye ? acaYe ?a? ®aF ?§ ae?? ?a®aeYaa acYa aa a«ia®a®¬.
‚e!®a aa®ci i§e? ˜®a¬ ®?aY¤Y«iYa a a ?aYaai YF® cYaaa – c ia®¬ i§e?Y Ya Y®!a®¤?¬®aa? cc®¤?ai a ??Y ?®ia?i, ? ? ®?Ya a®a ?a?ac ?c ?i ? c®§¬®¦®aai ?YaY?a?ac ?c ?i § cY?© (a?? a:=a+1) ? ®?Ya a®ae ?YaYa®¤ . ˜ «?c?Y a ??a ?®ia?© c aa ¤?ae?®ea i§e? a ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ®!eiaiYaai Y®!a®¤?¬®aaii ae®a¬a«?a®c?? ?®?aYa®F® «F®a?a¬ a acYa®¬ c®?a®a®c i?®®¬?? ? a a?aY¤Y«Y?i ? ¬ia?, ?®ai¤? ce?®«Y?i ®?Ya a®a®c ? a. ?. ˜®!®ce© iaeaeY?a c i§e?Y ˜®a¬ ®aaaaaacaYa ?® ®?aY¤Y«Y?i.
˜®ia®, ca® ¬®F?Y ?§ ia?a c®?a®a®c ?®ic«iiaai a®c ia ?Y a?aY§ a !®cY© ?a®Fa ¬¬e. ?¤ ?®, §¤Yai ®? aYe iaai ca®¬ a?cYa?? ?® aaa®F?¬ ?ac?« ¬, F® a a?aaie?¬ ?a c?«i®aai a?aY§?aaY¬®© ?a®Fa ¬¬e.
˜Y?a®aeY¤aa®aai i§e? ˜®a¬ ?®§c®«iYa ?aY®¤®«Yai YeY ®¤a aaa¤®aai, aci§ ai a a a? a ««Y«?c ?Y¬ «F®a?a¬ ?a? acYaY ˜‚?, ¤®?aa? ie?a a®c¬YeY?Y ®?Ya ae?©. ?§cYaaeY ¬Ya®¤e a a? a ««Y«?c ?i ?®a«Y¤®c aY«iea «F®a?a¬®c ®a®c e ceic«Y??, ?a? Y?®a®aea ®Fa ?cY?ia, c aaY© «F®a?a¬ , ?®a®aeY ¬®¦® ce?®«iai Y§ c?a?¬®, c a®®acYaaac?? a § ¤ e¬ ?a?aYa?Y¬ ? a ««Y«?§¬ – a?aa®eY cec?a«Y?i, a?aa®eY ? a. ?. ?¤ ?®, ceic«Y?Y c§ ?¬®aci§Y© c a¦Y aae®a¬?a®c ®¬ ?®a«Y¤®c aY«i®¬ «F®a?a¬Y ic«iYaai YYaaYaacY®© ? aaa¤®© § ¤ cY©, a ? ? ? «?§?aaY¬ i ae®a¬a«?a®c? , ? ? ?a c?«®, aeeY ?§!ea®ce¬? c§ ?¬®aci§i¬? (a?? ccY¤Y?i a !®c?a ?YaY¬Yea ¤«i i?®®¬?? ? ¬ia?, ?®?aYaea a?®a®! a ®aF ?§ ae?? ae??«®c ? a. ?.). ‚®®!eY F®c®ai, ? ®a?a¤ Y a«Y¤aYa, ca® ?®a«Y¤®c aY«ie© «F®a?a¬ ¤® aa a«?a®c ai c ? a ««Y«ie©, Y ®?aY¤Y«iai ? a ««Y«ie© aa §a ?® Y?a®aeY¤aa®© § ??a?.
˜a? ac®©aac , ? Y?®a®aeY ¤aaF?Y ®Fa ?cY?i, ?®§c®«iia aaa®F® ®!®a®c ai a §aYe?¬®aai a?aY§ cea®¤®© ?a®Fa ¬¬e, a ? ? ? c ¤®aa a®c® ®!eY© ?®aa ®c?Y aYeY?Y ia®© § ¤ c? ?a?c®¤?a ? § c?aY«ie¬ ¬ aY¬ a?cYa??¬ aaa¤®aai¬ – ® ¬®¦Ya ®? § aiai NP-?®«®© «?!® c®®!eY Ya §aYe?¬®©. ‘ ¤aaF®© aa®a®e, ?aa«Y¤®c ?i, aci§ eY a a §a !®a?®© ? ?a?¬YY?Y¬ i§e? ˜®a¬ ?®? §ec ia, ca® ?¬Yie?Yai ®Fa ?cY?i ?a?Y¬«?¬e a ?a ?a?cYa?®© a®c?? §aY?i.
?aa®¤ i ?a®Fa ¬¬ , ??a i i§e?Y ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ , ?aY¤aa c«iYaai c ?aa®¤®¬ ae ©«Y ?® a«Y¤aie?¬ ?a c?« ¬:
– aY?aa ? ¦¤®F® ?§ a §¤Y«®c ˜®a¬ -?a®Fa ¬¬e § ??aec Yaai c !Yaae®a¬Y®¬ ?aY¤aa c«Y??. ˜a? ?YaY®aY ®??a ?i ?«? ®?Ya a®a a«Y¤aieai aaa®?a § ?aYe Yaai a §aec ai ?«icYceY a«®c , ?¤Ya?ae?? a®ae, ?®aa ae, c ®aa «i®¬ ?a c?« ?YaY®a ?a®?§c®«ieY.
– ?«icYceY a«®c , ?¤Ya?ae?? a®ae, ?®aa ae, ®a¤Y«iiaai ¤aaF ®a ¤aaF ?a®!Y« ¬?, a?Yae? «ie¬? a?¬c®« ¬?, a?¬c®« ¬? ?®ae aaa®??. ˜a®!Y«e ic«iiaai Y§ c e?¬? a?¬c®« ¬?: Faa?? ?a®!Y«®c aa ?aaYaai ? ? ®¤? ?a®!Y«.
– aaa®? , c? ie iai a® § ? “!”, ic«iYaai ?®¬¬Ya a?Y¬. ?®¬¬Ya a?? caaa? ®??a ?© ? cY a §¤Y«®c § ?aYeYe.
– ?®¬¬Ya a?? ¬®Faa ?a?®«i§®c aiai caaa? ®?Ya a®a ASSUME c a«Y¤aie?a a?aa ae?ia: ¬Y¦¤a § F®«®c?®¬ ®?Ya a®a ASSUME ? aY«®¬ ®?Ya a®a ; ¬Y¦¤a a®®a®eY?i¬? c aY«Y ®?Ya a®a .
– ?®¬¬Ya a?? ¬®Faa ?a?®«i§®c aiai caaa? ?®aaaa?ae?? ITERATION c a«Y¤aie?a a«ac ia: caaa? !«®? BOUNDARY…END BOUNDARY;
caaa? !«®? INITIAL…END INITIAL;
caaa? aY« ?aYa ae??.
– aY?aa ?a®Fa ¬¬e ?aY¤ § cYe© ¤«i aa a«iae??, § ? c?c Yaai aaa®?®© …?˜: ?ae®a¬ ae?i, a«Y¤aie i ¤ «YY aa a«ia®a®¬ Y ®!a ! aec Yaai.
– ?ae®a¬ ae?i, a a?®«®¦Y i c ?aYac «Y ®a “?”, aa®ieYF® c ?Yac®© ?®§?ae??, ¤® § ? “?”, aa®ieYF® a ?¦Y c ?Yac®© ?®§?ae??, aa a«ia®a®¬ Y ®!a ! aec Yaai. ia c®§¬®¦®aai ?®§c®«iYa ce!?a ai ?§ ?aa®¤®F® ae ©« aY a §¤Y«e, ?®a®aeY Y®ia®¤?¬® aa a«?a®c ai. .
2.2 ‘aaa?aaa aa a«ia®a a i§e? ˜®a¬ .
’a a«ia®a a i§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ a¦Y ??a i§e?Y ˜Yae «. ’Y?Yai !e«® aYeY® ?YaYcYaa? aa a«ia®a a i§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ i§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ‘?. ?§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ‘? !e« ce!a ?® a«Y¤aie?¬ ?a?c? ¬:
– aaY¤? a®caY¬Yea i§e?®c ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i i§e? ‘? ic«iYaai ®¤?¬ ?§ ?!®«YY a a?a®aaa Yea;
– i§e? ‘? a?cYaa «Y ? ?!®«YY iaeaeY?a?c® YF® ?a?¬YY?Y c § ¤ c a a?aaY¬®F® ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i – a §a !®a?Y aa a«ia®a®c, ®?Ya ae?®ea a?aaY¬, i?a ea ?aYaaeY©a®c, ?aaaa¬Ya «iea aaY¤aac;
– a §a !®ac?? ¬? i§e? ˜®a¬ a¦Y ??a ?aYaaeY©a i§e?Y ‘?, ?®§c®«iie?© § ?®cYeY c aa? aa a«ia®a , ??a eY ˜Yae «Y, § ¬Yiai § ?®cYeY c aa? aa a«ia®a , ??a eY ‘?, ¤«i ®a« ¤?? aa a«ia®a .
’a a«ia®a a i§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ?¬YYa a«Y¤aieai aaaa?aaaa:
˜?a.1
aY?aa «Y?a?cYa??© a?a ?a?cYa??© ®?a. ?®ai¤? ?®¤®FYYa ae?i FORTRAN
«?§ «?§ cec?a«. ? a a? a.
¬YY¤¦Ya ? ¬ia? a !«?aee
˜ ca®¤ «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a ?®aaa? Ya aY?aa ?aa®¤®© ?a®Fa ¬¬e, ??a ®© i§e?Y ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ . ˜ cea®¤Y – ®aa®aa?a®c e© ?® ®??a ?i¬, ®?Ya a®a ¬ ? ?aYa ae?i¬ a??a®? a??a?®c. ˜«Y¬Ya®¬ ia®F® a??a? a??a?®c ic«iYaai a??a®? «Y?aY¬, ?®a®ae© ?aY¤aa c«iYa a®!®© ®¤® ?aY¤«®¦Y?Y ?a®Fa ¬¬e, ??a ®© ˜®a¬Y, ®? c?c ieYYai a®c?®©.
„ «YY ia®a a??a®? a??a?®c ?®aaa? Ya ca®¤ a?a ?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a . ˜ cea®¤Y a?a ?a?cYa??© «?§ a®a ce¤ Ya a !«?aee ®??a ?©, a !«?aee ®?Ya a®a®c.
˜a? a !«?aee ?®aaa? ia ca®¤ a«Y¤aieYF® ia ? , F¤Y ?a®?aa®¤?a ®?aY¤Y«Y?Y ?®ai¤? cec?a«Y?© ? a §¤Y«Y?Y ? a ««Y«ieY cYac? cec?a«Y?©, Y§ c?aie?Y ¤aaF ®a ¤aaF . ˜ cea®¤Y ?®«ac Y¬ caaaY?Y ?®¤e.
‚aaaY?Y ?®¤e ?®aaa? ia ca®¤ ?®¤®FYYa ae??. ‚ea®¤®¬ ?®¤®FYYa ae?? ic«iYaai ?a®Fa ¬¬ i§e?Y ”®aaa .
’ ?¦Y ?¬YYaai ?YY¤¦Ya ? ¬ia?, ?®§c®«iie?© a !®a ai a ? ¬iaii. ‚§ ?¬®¤Y©aac?Y a ?YY¤¦Ya®¬ ? ¬ia? ?a®?aa®¤?a caYa cYaeaYa ia ? a. ‚§ ?¬®¤Y©aac?Y a a !«?ae ¬? a ?¦Y ?a®?aa®¤?a caYa cYaeaYa ia ? a.
2.3 ‡ ?®¬aac® a ¬Ya®¤ ¬? «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ .
‚ aY§a«ia aY ce?®«Y?i ia®F® § ¤ ?i i a§ « , ca® c «Y?a?cYa?®¬ «?§Y ?a?¬Yiiaai ? ?a?®«i§aiaai a«Y¤aie?Y ¬Ya®¤e:
– ?®YceY ca®¬ ae ? ?-Fa ¬¬ a???, ®??aec ie?Y ?®YceY ca®¬ ae;
2.4 ‘aaa?aaa «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a .
˜ ca®¤ «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a ?®aaa? Ya aY?aa ?aa®¤®© ?a®Fa ¬¬e, ??a ®© i§e?Y ˜®a¬ . ˜a®Fa ¬¬ , ??a i i§e?Y ˜®a¬ , aa a«?aaYaai ?® a §¤Y« ¬. ‘ c « aa a«?aaYaai ®¤? a §¤Y«, ?®a«Y a®F®, ? ? ® !a¤Ya ®aaa a«?a®c , cYaai aa a«iae?i a«Y¤aieYF® a §¤Y« .
˜ ?Yac®¬ e FY ?a®?aa®¤?a caY?Y ?aa®¤®F® aY?aa ?a®Fa ¬¬e ˜®a¬Y ? a §!?Y?Y YF® «Y?aY¬e. ˜Y§a«ia a®¬ ia®F® e F ic«iYaai a??a®? «Y?aY¬.
‹i!®© i«Y¬Ya-a §¤Y« (®??a ?Y, ®?Ya a®a, ?aYa ae?i) § ? c?c Yaai a®c?®©. ˜®ia®¬a a«Y¤aieY¬ e FY ?a®?aa®¤?a “aY§ ?Y” a??a? «Y?aY¬ ?® a®c? ¬. ‚ aY§a«ia aY ia®© ?a®aeY¤aae ?®«ac Y¬ a??a®? a??a?®c. ˜«Y¬Ya®¬ ia®F® a??a? a??a?®c ic«iYaai a??a®? «Y?aY¬, ?®a®ae© ?aY¤aa c«iYa a®!®© ®¤® ?aY¤«®¦Y?Y ?a®Fa ¬¬e, ??a ®© ˜®a¬Y, ®? c?c ieYYai a®c?®©.
˜ a«Y¤aieY¬ e FY ?a®?aa®¤?a a®aa?a®c? a??a? a??a?®c ?® ®??a ?i¬, ®?Ya a®a ¬ ? ?aYa ae?i¬. ‚ aY§a«ia aY ?®«ac Y¬ a??a®? a??a?®c, c ?®a®a®¬ a c « ?¤aa caY ®??a ?i a §¤Y« , § aY¬ caY ®?Ya a®ae a §¤Y« , ? c § ?«icY??, caY ?aYa ae?? a §¤Y« .
˜®a«Y ia®F® ®aa®aa?a®c e© a??a®? a??a?®c ?®¤ Yaai ca®¤ a?a ?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a .
2.5 ˜ §a !®a? aaaa?aaa ¤ ea ¤«i aY «?§ ae?? «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a
„«i aY «?§ ae?? «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a c ¬®Y© c aa? a !®ae !e«? a §a !®a e a«Y¤aie?Y aaaa?aaae ¤ ea:
1) a??a®? «Y?aY¬ ?aY¤aa c«Y a«Y¤aieY© aaaa?aaa®©:
struct spis
{ int p1,p2;
struct spis *next;} rec1;
F¤Y a1 ? a2 – ?®«i a?? aeY«®Y, ?®a®aeY ®§ c ia ®¬Ya a !«?aee ? ®¬Ya c a !«?aeY a®®acYaaacY®; ia?¬ ®¬Ya ¬ cYaY§ a !«?aee aaa c«?c Yaai c a®®acYaaac?Y ?®?aYa i «Y?aY¬ , !a¤i a® ?¤Ya?ae?? a®a, ?«icYc®Y a«®c®, ?®aa a , § ? ®?Ya ae?? ?«? a §¤Y«?aY«i;
next – ic«iYaai a? § aY«Y¬ a«Y¤aie?© i«Y¬Ya a??a? «Y?aY¬;
„ i aaaa?aaa ?aY¤aa c«Y FFa ae?cYa?? a?a.2
˜?a.2
2) a??a®? a??a?®c ?aY¤aa c«Y a«Y¤aieY© aaaa?aaa®©:
struct spspis
{int p1,p2;
struct spis *next;
struct spspis *link;} rec2;
F¤Y a1 ? a2 – ?®«i a?? aeY«®Y, ?®a®aeY ®§ c ia ®¬Ya a !«?aee ? ®¬Ya c a !«?aeY a®®acYaaacY®; ia?¬ ®¬Ya ¬ cYaY§ a !«?aee aaa c«?c Yaai c a®®acYaaac?Y ?®?aYa i «Y?aY¬ , !a¤i a® ?¤Ya?ae?? a®a, ?«icYc®Y a«®c®, ?®aa a , § ? ®?Ya ae?? ?«? a §¤Y«?aY«i;
next – ic«iYaai a? § aY«Y¬ aaa?aaaa a??a®? «Y?aY¬;
link – ic«iYaai a? § aY«Y¬ a«Y¤aie?© i«Y¬Ya a??a? a??a?®c.
˜«Y¬Ya®¬ ia®F® a??a? a??a?®c ic«iYaai a??a®? «Y?aY¬, ?®a®ae© ?aY¤aa c«iYa a®!®© ®¤® ?aY¤«®¦Y?Y ?a®Fa ¬¬e, ??a ®© ˜®a¬Y, ®? c?c ieYYai a®c?®©, a??a®? a??a?®c ?aY¤aa c«iYa a®!®© a®®acYaaacY® a??a®? ?aY¤«®¦Y?©. „ i aaaa?aaa ?aY¤aa c«Y Fa ae?cYa?? a?a.3
˜?a.3
2.6 ”a?ae?i “aY§ ?i” a??a? «Y?aY¬ ?® a®c? ¬.
‚ ¤ ®¬ § ¤ ?? aaY!®c «®ai ??a ai aea?ae?i, ca®¤ ?®a®a®© ?®aaa? Ya a??a®? «Y?aY¬, cea®¤Y ?®«ac Yaai a??a®? a??a?®c. ˜«Y¬Ya®¬ ia®F® a??a? a??a?®c ic«iYaai a??a®? «Y?aY¬, ?®a®ae© ?aY¤aa c«iYa a®!®© ®¤® ?aY¤«®¦Y?Y ?a®Fa ¬¬e, ??a ®© ˜®a¬Y, ®? c?c ieYYai a®c?®©. ’.Y. ia aea?ae?i “aY¦Ya” ?®aaa? ie?© ca®¤ a??a®? «Y?aY¬ ?® a®c? ¬, cea®¤Y ce¤ Ya a??a®? ?aY¤«®¦Y?©, ? ¦¤®Y ?§ ?®a®aea § ? c?c Yaai a®c?®© ? ?aY¤aa c«iYaai a??a?®¬ «Y?aY¬.
˜?¦Y ?a?cY¤Ye «F®a?a¬ c c?¤Y !«®? aaY¬e ? a ¬ aea?ae?i.
#include
#include
#include
struct spis /*®!eic«Y?Y aaaa?aaae a??a? , ? ¦¤e© i«Y¬Ya */
{ int p1,p2; /*?®a®a®F® ?¬YYa ¤c ?®«i a?? aeY«®Y, (a1-®¬Ya*/
struct spis *next;} rec1;/*a !«?aee, a2-®¬Ya c a !«?aeY) ? ?®«Y-a? § aY«i*/
/* a«Y¤aie?© i«Y¬Ya a??a? */
struct spspis /* ®!eic«Y?Y aaaa?aaae a??a? a??a?®c, ? ¦¤e© */
{int p1,p2; /*i«Y¬Ya ?®a®a®F® ?¬YYa ¤c ?®«i a?? aeY«®Y,*/
a1-®¬Ya a !«?aee,a2- ®¬Ya c a !«?aeY*/
struct spspis *link; /* a? § aY«i a«Y¤aie?© i«Y¬Ya a??a? a??a?®c*/
struct spis *next;} rec2;/*a? § aY«i aaaa?aaaa a??a®?*/
struct spis *f,*q,*r; /* a? § aY«i aaaa?aaaa a??a®? */
struct spspis *t1,*t; /* a? § aY«i aaaa?aaaa a??a®? a??a?®c*/
struct spspis *tochka(p) /*®!eic«Y?Y aea?ae??, c®§a e ieY© a? § aY«i a??a®? a??a?®c*/
struct spis *p; /* aFa¬Ya®¬ aea?ae?? ic«iYaai a? § aY«i a??a®?*/
{
f=p; /*?aac ?c ?Y a !acY© ?YaY¬Y®© § cY?i aFa¬Ya aea?ae??*/
t=malloc(sizeof( rec2));/*a®§¤ ?Y 1-®F® i«Y¬Ya a??a? a??a?®c*/
t1=t; /* ?aac ?c ?Y a !®cY© ?YaY¬Y®© a? § aY«i a??a®? a??a?®c*/
while(f!=NULL) /*aY«® ¤ ®F® ®?Ya a®a !a¤Ya ce?®«iaiai ¤® aYa ?®a, ?®? Y ¤®aa®FY¬ ?®ae a??a? «Y?aY¬*/
{ t1->p1=f->p1;/*?a?ac ?c ?Y § cY?© ?®«i¬ i«Y¬Ya a??a? a??a?®c*/
t1->p2=f->p2;
f=f->next;
if (f!=NULL)
{ t1->next=malloc(sizeof(rec1));/*a®§¤ ?Y 1-®F® i«Y¬Ya a??a? c a??a?Y a??a?®c*/
q=t1->next;/* ?a?ac ?c ?Y a !®cY© ?YaY¬Y®© a? § aY«i i«Y¬Ya a??a? */
do /*a®§¤ ?Y a ¬®F® a??a? «Y?aY¬ c a??a?Y a??a?®c*/
{
q->p1=f->p1;/*?a?ac ?c ?Y § cY?© ?®«i¬ i«Y¬Ya a??a? */
q->p2=f->p2;
if ((q->p1!=1) && (q->p2!=1))/*Ya«? ¤ i «Y?aY¬ Y ic«iYaai a®c?®©*/
{ q->next=malloc(sizeof(rec1));//*a® a®§¤ Y¬ ®ce© i«Y¬Ya a??a? */
q=q->next;
}
else { t1->link=malloc(sizeof(rec2));/*? cY, a®§¤ Y¬ ®ce© i«Y¬Ya a??a? a??a?®c*/
t1=t1->link;
};
f=f->next;
}
while(((q->p1!=1) && (q->p2!=1)) || (f!=NULL)) ;/*aY«® ¤ ®F® ®?Ya a®a ce?®«¤iYaai ¤® aYa ?®a,?®? «?!® Y !a¤Ya ?a®c?a a®c? , «?!® Y !a¤Ya ¤®aa?Faa ?®Yae a??a? «Y?aY¬, ?®a®ae© a? §ec Ya aFa¬Ya aea?ae??*/
}
}
return(t);/*aea?ae?i c®§ca e Ya a? § aY«i a??a®? a??a?®c*/
}
c «®
f:=p
t:=new rec2
t:=t1
fNULL Ya
¤
t1.p1:=f.p1
t1.p2:=f.p2
f:=f.next
fNULL Ya
¤
t1.next:=new rec1
q:=t1.next
q.p1:=f.p1
q.p2:=f.p2
(q.p11)&(q.p21)
q.next:=new rec1 t1.link:=new rec2
q:=q.next t1:=t1.link
f:=f.next
((q.p11)&(q.p21))or(fNULL)
¤
Ya
return(t)
?®Yae
3. ‡??‹?—…˜?…
‚ aY§a«ia aY ?a®¤Y« ®© a !®ae ¬®i !e«? ¤®aa?Faae a«Y¤aiie?Y aeY«?:
– ®§ ?®¬?« ai ? ?§ac?« Y?a®aeY¤aae© i§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ , ?aY¤ § cYe© ¤«i § ??a? c?a«Yea ¬Ya®¤®c aYeY?i § ¤ c ¬ aY¬ a?cYa?®© ae?§??? a §®aae¬? ¬Ya®¤ ¬?;
– ?§ac?« aaaa?aaaa aa a«ia®a a i§e? ?a®Fa ¬¬?a®c ?i ˜®a¬ ;
– ®§ ?®¬?« ai a ¬Ya®¤ ¬? «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ ;
– ?§ac?« aaaa?aaaa «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a ;
– a §a !®a « aaaa?aaaa ¤ ea ac®Y© c aa? § ¤ ?i ¤«i aY «?§ ae?? «Y?a?cYa?®F® «?§ a®a ;
– ??a « aea?ae?i, ca®¤ ?®a®a®© ?®aaa? Ya a??a®? «Y?aY¬, cea®¤Y ?®«ac Y¬ a??a®? a??a?®c. ˜«Y¬Ya®¬ ia®F® a??a? a??a?®c ic«iYaai a??a®? «Y?aY¬, ?®a®ae© ?aY¤aa c«iYa a®!®© ®¤® ?aY¤«®¦Y?Y ?a®Fa ¬¬e, ??a ®© ˜®a¬Y, ®? c?c ieYYai a®c?®©. ’.Y. ia aea?ae?i “aY¦Ya” ?®aaa? ie?© ca®¤ a??a®? «Y?aY¬ ?® a®c? ¬, cea®¤Y ?®«ac Y¬ a??a®? ?aY¤«®¦Y?©, ? ¦¤®Y ?§ ?®a®aea § ? c?c Yaai a®c?®© ? ?aY¤aa c«iYaai a??a?®¬ «Y?aY¬.
˜a®Fa ¬¬ a®¤?aai aa ¤?? a §a !®a??. ‡ cYaeY?Y a !®ae ?« ?aaYaai c a«Y¤aieY¬ aY¬YaaaY. ‡ ¤ ?Y “?˜ ? ?˜ ce?®«?« ?®«®aaii.
‘??a®? «?aYa aaae:
?.˜. ?¤a? ®c, ?.˜. …ae?¬??, ?.˜. ‡ ¤ea ©«®, ˜.‚. ˜®¤¤YaiF? “?§e? ˜®a¬ ”
?.˜. ?¤a? ®c, ?.˜. …ae?¬??, ?.˜. ‡ ¤ea ©«® “˜Y?a®aeY¤aae© i§e? ˜®a¬ ? ¬Ya®¤e YF® aY «?§ ae??”
?.˜. ˜aFYai “˜Y «?§ ae?i ¬ aY¬ a?cYa??a aea?ae?© i§e? ˜®a¬ ¤«i a a?aY¤Y«Yea cea?a«?aY«iea a?aaY¬”
˜a?«®¦Y?Y 1. struct spis extern struct spspis *(tochka(struct spis*)); struct spspis *tochka(p)
#include
#include
#include
{ int p1,p2;
struct spis *next;} rec1;
struct spspis
{int p1,p2;
struct spspis *link;
struct spis *next;} rec2;
struct spis *f,*q,*r;
struct spspis *t1,*t;
struct spis *p;
{
f=p;
t=malloc(sizeof( rec2));
t1=t;
while(f!=NULL)
{ t1->p1=f->p1;
t1->p2=f->p2;
f=f->next;
if (f!=NULL)
{ t1->next=malloc(sizeof(rec1));
q=t1->next;
do
{q->p1=f->p1;
q->p2=f->p2;
if ((q->p1!=1) && (q->p2!=1))
{ q->next=malloc(sizeof(rec1));
q=q->next; }
else { t1->link=malloc(sizeof(rec2));
t1=t1->link;};
f=f->next;}
while(((q->p1!=1) && (q->p2!=1)) || (f!=NULL)) ;
}
}
return(t);}
main() {
tochka(r);return(0);
}
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