CAAeAIEA
AA?EAIO ? 6 (16)
I?IAEOE?IAAIEA AAOIIAOE*ANEIAI
ONO?IENOAA ?1
Ni?iaeoe?iaaoue ia aaca eioaa?aeueiuo eiae/aneeo yeaiaioia (aeaeaa EEY)
na?ee E155 caoi?iiaeaiiue ioeueoeaea?aoi?, aaoieieaaaoaeueiue
ioeueoeaea?aoi?, yeaeo?iiiue eeth/ ia aaca auniei/anoioiiai
o?aicenoi?a, aua?aoue oi?aaeythuee o?eaaa? na?ee E155 e aeaie/iue
n/ao/ee ia o?eaaa?ao, eiiaeiaoeeiiiua noaiu ia aaca EEY na?ee
E155.
Aaoieieaaaoaeueiue ioeueoeaea?aoi? Caoi?iiaeaiiue ioeueoeaea?aoi?
N/?o/ee
TU2, ien. UIO/UCO O
tU2 ien. UIO/UCO K
eie – ai eiioeuenia
6 0.79 12 1 0.79
60
,
ia iaiaa
ien.
,
A
A t,
a?aae.
max
,
eeth/a
iO
384
5
1,5
60
3
10
tU1 — aeeeoaeueiinoue auoiaeiuo eiioeuenia ioeueoeaea?aoi?a.
UIO — iai?yaeaiea ia?aaeiaai o?iioa eiioeuena._
UCO — iai?yaeaiea caaeiaai o?iioa eiioeuena.
tU2 — aeeeoaeueiinoue auoiaeiiai eiioeuena caoi?iiaeaiiiai
ioeueoeaea?aoi?a.
E — eiyooeoeeaio ia?an/?oa n/?o/eea.
—aeeeoaeueiinoue eiioeuena ia auoiaea eeth/a.
— aiieeooaea auoiaeiiai eiioeuena.
— iai?yaeaiea aaciaiai niauaiey.
t a?aae max—iaeneiaeueiay oaiia?aoo?a ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.
—o?iio auoiaeiiai eiioeuena.
—?ieinoue iaa?ocee eeth/a.
Ui.aui?. – iiieiaeueiia aui?yieaiiia iai?yaeaiea aui?yieoaey (aoiaeiia
iai?yaeaiea noaaeeecaoi?a);
Ii.max.aui?.- iaeneiaeueiue oie aui?yieoaey;max
Ii.min.aui?.- ieieiaeueiue oie aui?yieoaey;
amin- ioiineoaeueiia ioeeiiaiea iai?yaeaiey a noi?iio iiieaeaiey;
amax- ioiineoaeueiia ioeeiiaiea iai?yaeaiey a noi?iio iiauoaiey;
Ki.aui?- eiyooeoeeaio ioeuenaoeee iai?yaeaiey ia auoiaea aui?yieoaey;
Ki.o. – eiyooeoeeaio ioeuenaoeee iai?yaeaiey ia auoiaea naeaaeeaathuaai
oeeueo?a aeieaeai auoue a 10 ?ac iaiueoa.
A no?oeoo?ioth noaio aoiaeyo neaaeothuea ooieoeeiiaeueiua aeiee:
caoi?iiaeaiiue ioeueoeaea?aoi? CI;
RS-o?eaaa?;
yeaeo?iiiue eeth/ ia aeiiey?iii o?aicenoi?a;
noaia nii?yaeaiey eeth/a ni noaiie aeeth/aiey noaaeeecaoi?a iinoiyiiiai
iai?yaeaiey;
iiieaeathuee o?ainoi?iaoi?;
aui?yieoaeue;
naeaaeeaathuee oeeueo?;
noaaeeecaoi? eiiiainaoeeiiiiai oeia aeey ieoaiey aaoieieaaaoaeueiiai
ioeueoeaea?aoi?a;
aaoieieaaaoaeueiue ioeueoeaea?aoi? ia eioaa?aeueiuo eiae/aneeo yeaiaioao
(EEY);
aeaie/iue noiie?othuee n/ao/ee;
eiiaeiaoeeiiiay noaia EN1, ii?aaeaeythuay eaeia eiee/anoai eiioeuenia
aeieaeai iiaen/eoaoue aeaie/iue n/ao/ee;
eiiaeiaoeeiiiay noaia EN2, oi?aaeythuay ia?aaea/ae niaea?aeeiiai
n/ao/eea ia auoiaeioth oeio aeaiiuo BD;
noaaeeecaoi? eiiiainaoeeiiiiai oeia aeey ieoaiey inoaeueiuo oeeo?iauo
noai ono?ienoaa.
I?eioeei aeaenoaey .
Aaoiiaoe/aneia ono?ienoai 3 iinea aeeth/aiey aeieaeii noi?ie?iaaoue
ieoathuea noaiu iai?yaeaiea e iiae oi?aaeaieai caioneathuaai eiioeuena
naaia?e?iaaoue iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue i?yiioaieueiuo eiioeuenia a
caaeaiiuie ia?aiao?aie. Eiee/anoai eiioeuenia caaeaaony ia?aiao?ii E
n/ao/eea. ?acoeueoao ?aaiou ono?ienoaa iiaeao auoue auaaaeai ia noaio
eiaeeeaoeee eee ia eaeia-eeai eniieieoaeueiia ono?ienoai /a?ac oeio
aeaiiuo BD.
Ono?ienoai ?aaioaao neaaeothuei ia?acii. I?e aeeth/aiee aaoiiaoe/aneiai
ono?ienoaa iai?yaeaiea naoe ~220 B iiaeaaony ia neeiaie iiieaeathuee
o?ainoi?iaoi? 5, aui?yieyaony aui?yieoaeai 6, naeaaeeaaaony oeeueo?ii 7
e iiaeaao ia aoiae noaaeeecaoi?a ioeueoeaea?aoi?a 8 e noaaeeecaoi?a
iai?yaeaiey aeey ieoaiey anao oeeo?iauo iee?inoai ono?ienoaa (aeie 13).
Iai?yaeaiea ieoaiey iiaeaaony ia ana aeiee noaiu, e?iia
ioeueoeaea?aoi?a. Caioneathuee eiioeuen ia?aaiaeeo RS-o?eaaa? oi?aaeaiey
2 a ioeaaia ninoiyiea e aaneo noiie?othuee aeaie/iue n/ao/ee 10 neaiaeii
R e caioneaao caoi?iiaeaiiue ioeueoeaea?aoi? 1. Auoiaeiie neaiae
RS-o?eaaa?a ioe?uaaao yeaeo?iiiue eeth/ 3 ia auoiaea eioi?iai iiyaeyaony
auoiaeiia iai?yaeaiea ?aaiia ioeth. Yoi iai?yaeaiea n iiiiuueth
ono?ienoaa nii?yaeaiey 4 oi?ie?oao neaiae aeeth/aiey noaaeeecaoi?a
ioeueoeaea?aoi?a 8. Aaoieieaaaoaeueiue ioeueoeaea?aoi? 9 ia/eiaao
aaia?e?iaaoue iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue i?yiioaieueiuo eiioeuenia n
caaeaiiuie ia?aiao?aie, eioi?ua iiaen/eouaathony noiie?othuei aeaie/iui
n/ao/eeii 10. Aeaie/iue eiae n/ao/eea aiaeece?oaony eiiaeiaoeeiiiie
noaiie EN1 (aeie 11), e eae oieueei yoio eiae noaiao ?aaiui caaeaiiiio
/eneo E, au?aaaouaaaony aaeeie/iue oi?aaeythuee neaiae, eioi?ue
ia?aeeth/aao RS-o?eaaa? a ioeaaia ninoiyiea. I?e yoii eeth/ cae?uaaaony,
ono?ienoai nii?yaeaiey 4 oi?ie?oao iai?yaeaiea +2A, eioi?ia ioeeth/aao
noaaeeecaoi? iai?yaeaiey 8 e ioeueoeaea?aoi?, n/ao/ee oeene?oaony a
iineaaeiai ninoiyiee, a ?acoeueoao n/aoa /a?ac eiiaeiaoeeiiioth noaio
EN2 (aeie 12) auaiaeyony ia oeio aeaiiuo BD. A oaeii ninoiyiee
aaoiiaoe/aneia ono?ienoai aoaeao iaoiaeeoueny aei i?eoiaea neaaeothuaai
caioneathuaai eiioeuena.
Ui.aui?. – iiieiaeueiia aui?yieaiiia iai?yaeaiea aui?yieoaey (aoiaeiia
iai?yaeaiea noaaeeecaoi?a);
Ii.max.aui?.- iaeneiaeueiue oie aui?yieoaey;max
Ii.min.aui?.- ieieiaeueiue oie aui?yieoaey;
amin- ioiineoaeueiia ioeeiiaiea iai?yaeaiey a noi?iio iiieaeaiey;
amax- ioiineoaeueiia ioeeiiaiea iai?yaeaiey a noi?iio iiauoaiey;
Ki.aui?- eiyooeoeeaio ioeuenaoeee iai?yaeaiey ia auoiaea aui?yieoaey;
Ki.o. – eiyooeoeeaio ioeuenaoeee iai?yaeaiey ia auoiaea naeaaeeaathuaai
oeeueo?a aeieaeai auoue a 10 ?ac iaiueoa.
1.Caoi?iiaeaiiue ioeueoeaea?aoi? n ?acenoeaii-aieinoiie ia?aoiie
naycueth ia yeaiaioao. E – IA
1.1 Iauea naaaeaiey. I?eioeei aeaenoaey. Iaoiaeeea ?an/?oa.
Ioeueoeaea?aoi? — yoi i?inoie ?aeaenaoeeiiiue aaia?aoi? i?yiioaieueiuo
eiioeuenia, e eioi?ui ia i?aaeuyaeytho ae?noeeo o?aaiaaiee ii
ia?aiao?ai. Eniieuecoaony iieiaeeoaeueiay ia?aoiay naycue. Anoue aeaa
aeaea aicaoaeaeaiey : ae?noeia e iyaeia. I?e ae?noeii — iaa iea/a a
iaeeiaeiaii ninoiyiee (iao aaia?aoeee).
Caoi?iiaeaiiue ioeueoeaea?aoi? (aeaeaa, eae CI) i?aaeiacia/ai aeey
oi?ie?iaaiey i?yiioaieueiiai eiioeuena n caaeaiiie aiieeooaeie e
aeeeoaeueiinoueth a ioaao ia iaeei caioneathuee eiioeuen.
CI iiaeii iieo/aoue ec niioaaonoaothueo aaoieieaaaoaeueiuo
ioeueoeaea?aoi?ia (aeaeaa, eae AI) iooai caiaiu iaeiie ec aaoaae
?acenoeaii-aieinoiie ia?aoiie nayce oeaiueth caionea.
Aeeeoaeueiinoue eiioeuena caionea, n iaeiie noi?iiu, aeieaeia auoue
aeinoaoi/iie aeey ia?aeeth/aiey EEY, o.a. aieueoa noiia?iie caaea?aeee
eo ia?aeeth/aiey (t01cae eee t10 cae). N ae?oaie noi?iiu, aeeeoaeueiinoe
oi?ie?oaiiai eiioeuena tU. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa ioeueoeaea?aoi? ai a?aiy
aeaenoaey caioneathuaai eiioeuena aoaeao a iaii?aaeae?iiii ninoiyiee.
) eiae/aneeo yeaiaioia eciaiytho naie ninoiyiey ia i?ioeaiiieiaeiua,
a?aiycaaeathuee eiiaeainaoi? ia/eiaao ca?yaeaoueny /a?ac auoiae EEY
DD1.1 e ?acenoi? R.
. Anee i?aiaa?a/ue a?aiaiai ?ac?yaea N /a?ac aeeiae VD, oi
].
Aeeeoaeueiinoue eiioeuena ?aaia:
Anee ia?eiae caioneathueo eiioeuenia O > tU + tB, oi ioeueoeaea?aoi?
oniaao ainnoaiiaeoueny.
Aeey iieo/aiey ii/oe i?yiioaieueiie oi?iu auoiaeiuo eiioeuenia
caoi?iiaeaiiiai ioeueoeaea?aoi?a i?e O >= tU + t B nii?ioeaeaiea
a?aiycaaeathuaai ?acenoi?a R auae?aaony oaeei ia?acii:
1.2 ?an/?o caoi?iiaeaiiiai ioeueoeaea?aoi?a.
I?iecaaae?i ?an/?o caoi?iiaeaiiiai ioeueoeaea?aoi?a ia EEY E – IA na?ee
E155(noaiaea?oiie).
Iniiaiua ia?aiao?u na?ee E155:
, A ia iaiaa
,A ia aieaa 2,4
0,4 K, ia iaiaa
UAO MAX, A
8
5,5
,A 1 f MAX, IAoe 10
PIIO, iAo, ia aieaa
I?iaa?yai oneiaea:
R 3 i?eaiaeeo e nieaeaieth
aoiaeiuo nii?ioeaeaiee yeaiaioia (a m ?ac). I?e cacaieaiee oioy au
iaeiiai ec aoiaeia EEY aoaeao iinoiyiii iaoiaeeoueny a aaeeie/iii
ninoiyiee.
), ii?aaeaeyaiiai iiiaioii ieii/aiey i?ioeanna ca?yaea eiiaeainaoi?a
C2 n iinoiyiiie a?aiaie SYMBOL 116 \f “Symbol” \s 18 t 2 a
i?ioeaiiieiaeiie aaoae ioeueoeaea?aoi?a (t= =t2).
Oaeei ia?acii, i?ioeannu ia?eiaee/anee iiaoi?ythony, e ia auoiaeao EEY
DD1.1 e DD1.2 oi?ie?oaony aeaa eciaiythueony a i?ioeaioaca eiioeueniuo
iai?yaeaiey n aeeeoaeueiinoyie t U1 e t U2.
, neaaeiaaoaeueii, nii?ioeaeaiea a?aiycaaeathuaai ?acenoi?a R1 (R2)
aeieaeii auoue aeinoaoi/ii iaeui. I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii au/eneeoue
ieieiaeueiia e iaeneiaeueiia cia/aiea ?acenoi?ia R1 e R2.
Iaeneiaeueii aeiionoeiia cia/aiea ?acenoi?a au/eneyaony ii neaaeothuaio
ia?aaainoao:
) – 1] – 1 (2.1)
Anee i?e auai?a nii?ioeaeaiey iaaaniuo ?acenoi?ia R1 e R2
ia?aie/eaaoueny au?aaeaieai (2.1), oi i?e ii?aaeae?iiuo oneiaeyo a
ioeueoeaea?aoi?a iiaeao ianooieoue ae?noeee ?aaeei aicaoaeaeaiey, eiaaea
iinea aeeth/aiey enoi/ieea ieoathuaai iai?yaeaiey iaa eiaa?oi?a
ieacuaathony a aaeeie/iii ninoiyiee. Aeey ono?aiaiey oaeiai ?aaeeia
iaiaoiaeeii auiieieoue oneiaea:
– 1] – 1 (2.2)
I?e auiieiaiee (2.2) ?aai/ea oi/ee iaieo EEY ieacuaathony ia
aeeiaie/aneeo o/anoeao ia?aaeaoi/iuo oa?aeoa?enoee e, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
aeaaea iaaieueoia ?acee/ea a eiyooeoeeaioao oneeaiey E i?eaiaeeo e
iaeiiio ec aeaoo eaaceonoie/eauo ninoiyiee, eiaaea ia auoiaea iaeiiai
EEY onoaiaaeeaaaony aunieee o?iaaiue auoiaeiiai iai?yaeaiey, a ia
auoiaea ae?oaiai — ieceee. Naiiaicaoaeaeaiea ioeueoeaea?aoi?a a yoii
neo/aa aoaeao iyaeei.
Aeeeoaeueiinoe eiioeuenia ia auoiaea ioeueoeaea?aoi?a iiaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue ii neaaeothuei au?aaeaieyi:
Auoiaeiua eiioeuenu ?anniao?eaaaiiai ioeueoeaea?aoi?a ii oi?ia aeecee e
i?yiioaieueiui. Ioiioaiea aiieeooae ia?aaeiaai e caaeiaai o?iioia
auoiaeiiai iai?yaeaiey ii?aaeaeyaony niioiioaieai:
)
aaea R = R1 aeey EEY DD1.1., R = R2 aeey EEY DD1.2.
Neaaaeiinoue aaia?e?oaiuo eiioeuenia:
Q = 1 + tU2 / tU1
.
?an/?o aaoieieaaaoaeueiiai ioeueoeaea?aoi?a.
I?iecaaaeai ?an/?o aaoieieaaaoaeueiiai ioeueoeaea?aoi?a ia EEY E – IA
na?ee E155:
I?iaa?yai oneiaey :
= 230,47(Ii)
)-1]-1 = 666,67(Ii)
0,79= R / (R + 200)
R – 0,79*R = 0,79*200
R = 752,38 (Ii)
Oneiaey auiieiythony.
Auae?aai ec oeaeu iiieiaeueiuo cia/aiee R = 750 Oi.
?ann/eoaai ?ieinoue eiiaeainaoi?ia.
=
(O)
Auae?aai ec oeaeu iiieiaeueiuo cia/aiee
O.
3. Yeaeo?iiiue eeth/ ia o?aicenoi?a.
3.1. Iauea naaaeaiey. I?eioeei aeaenoaey.
Yeaeo?iiiue eeth/ –iniiaiie ooieoeeiiaeueiue ocae aeene?aoiie
noaiioaoieee aeey ia?aeeth/aiey oieia eee iioaioeeaeia ia
iaa?ocea. []
A eiioeueniuo ono?ienoaao i/aiue /anoi o?aaoaony eiiiooe?iaaoue
(aeeth/aoue e aueeth/aoue) yeaeo?e/aneea oeaie. Yoa iia?aoeey
auiieiyaony aaneiioaeoiui niiniaii n iiiiuueth o?aicenoi?iuo
eeth/ae.
Eeth/aaua noaiu eniieuecothony aeey iino?iaiey aaia?aoi?ia e
oi?ie?iaaoaeae eiioeuenia , a oaeaea ?acee/iuo eiae/aneeo noai
oeeo?iaie au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee. Eeth/ auiieiyao yeaiaioa?ioth
iia?aoeeth eiaa?nee eiae/aneie ia?aiaiiie e iacuaaaony eiaa?oi?ii.
A noaoe/aneii ?aaeeia eeth/ iaoiaeeony a ninoiyiee «aeeth/aii»
(eeth/ caieioo), eeai a ninoiyiee «aueeth/aii» (eeth/ ?aciieioo).
Ia?aeeth/aiea eeth/a ec iaeiiai ninoiyiey a ae?oaia i?ienoiaeeo
iiae aicaeaenoaeai aoiaeiuo oi?aaeythueo neaiaeia : eiioeuenia eee
o?iaiae iai?yaeaiey. I?inoaeoea eeth/aaua noaiu eiatho iaeei
oi?aaeythuee aoiae e iaeei auoiae.
Iniiao eeth/a ninoaaeyao o?aicenoi? a aeene?aoiii eee
eioaa?aeueiii eniieiaiee.
A caaeneiinoe io ninoiyiey eeth/ ooioe?oao aiaoithth iaa?oceo
aieueoei eee iaeui auoiaeiui nii?ioeaeaieai. A yoii e
caeeth/aaony eiiiooaoeey oeaie, i?iecaiaeeiay o?aicenoi?iui
eeth/ii.
Iniiaiuie ia?aiao?aie eeth/a yaeythony :
–auno?iaeaenoaea, ii?aaeaeyaiia iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiui /eneii
ia?aeeth/aiee a naeoiaeo ; aeey eioaa?aeueiuo eeth/aauo noai iii
ninoaaeyao ieeeeiiu eiiiooaoeee ;
–aeeeoaeueiinoue o?iioia auoiaeiuo neaiaeia ;
–aioo?aiiea nii?ioeaeaiey a ioe?uoii e cae?uoii ninoiyiee ;
–iio?aaeyaiay iiuiinoue ;
–iiiaoionoie/eainoue, ?aaiay o?iaith iiiaoe ia aoiaea,
aucuaathuae eiaeiia ia?aeeth/aiea ;
–noaaeeueiinoue ii?iaiauo o?iaiae, i?e eioi?uo i?ienoiaeeo
ia?aeeth/aiea ;
–iaaeaaeiinoue ?aaiou a ?aaeueiuo oneiaeyo noa?aiey
?aaeeiaeaoaeae, eciaiaiey enoi/ieeia ieoaiey e o.ae.
A eeth/aauo noaiao a iauai neo/aa eniieuecothony ana iniiaiua
noaiu aeeth/aiey o?aicenoi?ia: n iauae aacie (IA), n iauei
eieeaeoi?ii (IE), eeth/-«caacaea», n iauei yieooa?ii (IY).
Iaeaieueoaa i?eiaiaiea iieo/eee o?aicenoi?iua eeth/e ii noaia n
IY.
Noaoe/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee.
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie o?aicenoi?a ii noaia n IY.
Ia auoiaeiuo oa?aeoa?enoeeao auaeaeythony o?e iaeanoe, eioi?ua
ii?aaeaeytho ?aaeei iona/ee eieeaeoi?iiai oiea, aeoeaiue ?aaeei e
?aaeei ianuuaiey eeth/aaie noaiu.
. Yoie iaeanoe niioaaonoaoao ?aaeei iona/ee, i?e eioi?ii:
–o?aicenoi? cae?uo, o.e. iaa aai ia?aoiaea niauaiu a ia?aoiii
iai?aaeaiee
0
.
Aaea B – eiyooeoeeaio oneeaiey aaciaiai oiea a noaia n IY.
Iaeanoue ianuuaiey ii?aaeaeyaony oi/eaie ia?ana/aiey eeiee
iaa?ocee n eeieae ianuuaiey. Yoie iaeanoe niioaaonoaoao ?aaeei
ianuuaiey. I?e eioi?ii:
–o?aicenoi? ioe?uo, o.e. iaa aai ia?aoiaea niauaiu a i?yiii
iai?aaeaiee
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
Оставить комментарий