IINEIANEEE YEIIIIEEI-NOAOENOE*ANEEE EINOEOOO
E O ? N I A A ss ? A A I O A
I A O A I O:
“I?EEEAAeIAss I?IA?AIIA EXCEL”
?OEIAIAeEOAEUe ?AAIOU: ENIIEIEOAEE:
Nie?iia A.A.
Ii?icia N.A.
Ieiaaa A.A.
Iineaa 1996
NIAeA?AEAIEA
AAAAeAIEA
1. OI?AAEAIEA OAEEAIE
1.1. Nicaeaiea iiaiai aeieoiaioa
1.2. Caa?ocea ?aai/aai aeieoiaioa
1.3. Nio?aiaiea aeieoiaioa
1.4. Aaoiiaoe/aneia nio?aiaiea
1.5. Nicaeaiea ?aca?aiuo eiiee
1.6. Caueoa aeaiiuo
1.7. Aeiiieieoaeueiua naaaeaiey i oaeeao
2. NO?OEOO?A AeIEOIAIOIA
2.1. Oi?aaeaiea ?aai/eie eenoaie
2.2. Aeiaaaeaiea ?aai/eo eenoia
2.3. Ia?aiauaiea ?aai/eo eenoia
2.4. Ia?aeiaiiaaiea ?aai/eo eenoia
2.5. Ei??aeoeey auniou no?ie e oe?eiu noieaoeia
3. IINO?IAIEA OAAEEOe
3.1. Ia?ee?iaaiea y/aae
3.2. Ioiaia iia?aoeee
3.3. Eiie?iaaiea aeaiiuo
3.4. Oaeaeaiea aeaiiuo
3.5. Oi?iaoe?iaaiea /enae
3.6. Au?aaieaaiea aeaiiuo
3.7. Onoaiiaea o?eooia
4. OAAEE*IUA AU*ENEAIEss
4.1. Aaiae oi?ioe
4.2. Neiaeiua oi?ioeu
4.3. ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea oi?ioe
4.4. Eioi?iaoeeiiiua nayce
4.5. A?oiiiaua eiaia
5. IINO?IAIEA E IOI?IEAIEA AeEAA?AII
5.1. Iino?iaiea aeeaa?aii
5.2. Oeiu aeeaa?aii
5.3. Iaaeiene ia inyo
5.4. Aeiiieieoaeueiua iauaeou
5.5. Aeooaeecaoeey aeeaa?aii
6. OOIEOeEE
6.1. Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee
6.2. ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea ooieoeee
6.3. Au/eneaiea noiiu
6.4. Au/eneaiea n?aaeiaai cia/aiey
6.5. Au/eneaiea aaee/eiu eeiaeiie aii?oecaoeee
6.6. Eiiaeie?iaaiea ooieoeee
6.7. Oaenoiaue ?aaeei eiaeeeaoeee oi?ioe
7. IAIAI AeAIIUIE
7.1. Eiii?oe?iaaiea ?enoieia a Excel
7.2. ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea ?enoieia ia ?aai/ai eenoa
7.3. Aeeth/aiea oaaeeoeu a oaeno
8. IA?AAIOEA NIENEIA
8.1. Nicaeaiea nieneia
8.2. Aaiae nienea aeaiiuo
8.3. Iiene yeaiaioa a nienea
8.4. ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea nieneia
8.5. Aaoiiaoe/aneee oeeueo?
8.6. Eiiaeie?iaaiiay oeeueo?aoeey
8.7. Ni?oe?iaea nieneia
9. AIAEEC AeAIIUO
9.1. Iii?iua oaaeeoeu
9.2. ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea iii?iuo oaaeeoe
9.3. Iaoiaeaeaiea cia/aiee
10. AACU AeAIIUO
10.1. Caione i?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee aac aeaiiuo
10.2. Iaiei/ea i?ia?aiiu Query
10.3. Caa?ocea aiaoiaai iaai?a aeaiiuo
10.4. E?eoa?ee auai?a aeaiiuo
10.5. Eiiaeie?iaaiiua cai?inu
10.6. Iaiai aeaiiuie n aiaoiae aacie
11. EIIOEAO?E?IAAIEA I?IA?AIIU EXCEL
11.1. Nicaeaiea ieeoia?aoe/aneiai iaith
11.2. Eciaiaiea aeaea iniiaiiai ieia
11.3. Eciaiaiea aeaea ?aai/aai eenoa
11.4. Onoaiiaea noaiaea?oiiai o?eooa
11.5. Onoaiiaea iaoeeiiaeueiuo ia?aiao?ia
11.6. Eciaiaiea oeaaoia
11.7. Aaoiiaoe/aneay caa?ocea aeieoiaioia
11.8. Oaaeiiu oaaeeoe
12. VISUAL BASIC
12.1. I?ia?aiie?iaaiea oaaee/iuo ooieoeee
12.2. Ano?aeaaiea ooieoeee
12.3. I?eiaiaiea ooieoeee
AAAAeAIEA
I?ia?aiia MS Excel, yaeyynue eeaea?ii ia ?uiea i?ia?aii
ia?aaioee yeaeo?iiiuo oaaeeoe, ii?aaeaeyao oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey a yoie
iaeanoe. Aieioue aei aa?nee 4.0 i?ia?aiia Excel i?aaenoaaeyea
niaie oaeoe/aneee noaiaea?o n oi/ee c?aiey ooieoeeiiaeueiuo
aiciiaeiinoae e oaeianoaa ?aaiou. Oaia?ue ia ?uiea iiyaeeanue
aa?ney 5.0, eioi?ay niaea?aeeo iiiai oeo/oaiee e i?eyoiuo
iaiaeeaeaiiinoae.
E cia/eoaeueiui aeinoeaeaieyi a iiaie aa?nee i?ia?aiiu Excel iiaeii
ioianoe iiyaeaiea o?aoia?iuo aeieoiaioia (aeieiioia). Onoaiiaeaiea
naycae iaaeaeo oaeeaie e oaaeeoeaie cia/eoaeueii oi?inoeeinue ii
n?aaiaieth n i?aaeieie aa?neyie. Eiioaenoiua iaith cia/eoaeueii
?anoe?aiu, a aeiiieieoaeueiua i?ia?aiiiua eino?oiaiou
iaeaa/atho ?aoaiea neiaeiuo i?eeeaaeiuo caaea/.
Neaaeoao oaeaea oiiiyiooue i ?acee/iuo iiiiuieeao (Annenoaioao),
eioi?ua iiiiaatho iieueciaaoaeth caaeaaaoue ooieoeee e auaeatho
?aeiiaiaeaoeee, anee nouanoaoao aieaa i?inoie iaoiae ?aoaiey
oaeouae caaea/e. A i?ia?aiio Excel ano?iaia oaeiaiay iiaenenoaia
iiiiue, eioi?ay a ethaie iiiaio aioiaa auaeaoue iaiaoiaeeioth
ni?aaeo.
Iienaiiua aei neo ii? iiaoanoaa eanathony a iniiaiii eiioi?oa a
?aaioa e auno?iai inaiaiey i?ia?aiiu. Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo ?anoe?aiee i?ia?aiiu, i?aaeiacia/aiiui aeey
i?ioanneiiaeia, yaeyaony ano?iaiiay a Excel N?aaea
i?ia?aiie?iaaiey Visual Basic (VBA) aeey ?aoaiey i?eeeaaeiuo caaea/.
Aeaaiaea?y VBA oe?ia Microsoft oaeaeinue ia oieueei
?anoe?eoue aiciiaeiinoe ycuea iae?ieiiaiae Excel 4.0, ii e aaanoe iiaue
o?iaaiue i?eeeaaeiiai i?ia?aiie?iaaiey, iineieueeo VBA iicaieyao
nicaeaaaoue iieiioeaiiua i?eeeaaeiua iaeaou, eioi?ua ii naiei ooieoeeyi
auoiaeyo aeaeaei ca ?aiee ia?aaioee yeaeo?iiiuo oaaeeoe. E?iia
yoiai, neaaeoao iacaaoue neaaeothuea aaaeiua iiaoanoaa i?ia?aiiu
Excel 5.0:
– iaiaaeaea? oaeeia, eioi?ue auaeaao iiae?iaioth
eioi?iaoeeth i anao oaeeao;
– aeeaeiaiaua ieia-?aaeno?u;
– ioaeaeueiay ieeoia?aiia aeey oi?iaoe?iaaiey;
– iiyaeaiea iaoaiecia Drag & Plot, i?aaeiacia/aiiiai aeey auno?ie
aeoeaecaoeee aeeaa?aii.
1. OI?AAEAIEA OAEEAIE
?anniio?ei i?ioeaaeo?u ia?auaiey n ?aai/eie aeieoiaioaie. N iiiiuueth
i?ia?aiiu Excel iiaeii nicaeaaaoue naiua ?acee/iua aeieoiaiou. ?aai/ea
eenou (Sheets) iiaeii eniieueciaaoue aeey ninoaaeaiey oaaeeoe,
au/eneaiey noaoenoe/aneeo ioeaiie, oi?aaeaiey aacie aeaiiuo e
ninoaaeaiey aeeaa?aii. Aeey eaaeaeiai ec yoeo i?eeiaeaiee i?ia?aiia
Excel iiaeao nicaeaoue ioaeaeueiue aeieoiaio, eioi?ue nio?aiyaony ia
aeenea a aeaea oaeea.
Oaee iiaeao niaea?aeaoue ianeieueei acaeiinaycaiiuo ?aai/eo eenoia,
ia?acothueo aaeeiue o?aoia?iue aeieoiaio (aeieiio, ?aai/oth iaieo).
N iiiiuueth o?aoia?iuo aeieoiaioia iieueciaaoaeue iieo/aao i?yiie
aeinooi iaeiia?aiaiii e ianeieueeei oaaeeoeai e aeeaa?aiiai /oi iiauoaao
yooaeoeaiinoue eo ia?aaioee.
1.1. Nicaeaiea iiaiai aeieoiaioa.
Aeey nicaeaiey iiaiai aeieoiaioa ec iaith File ioaeii aucaaoue
aee?aeoeao New.
Ia ye?aia iiyaeony aeieoiaio n eiaiai Book2: i?ia?aiia Excel
i?enaaeaaao iiaui aeieoiaioai eiy Book (Eieaa) n aeiaaaeaieai oaeouaai
ii?yaeeiaiai iiia?a.
Iiaue aeieoiaio iiaeii nicaeaoue oaeaea, uaeeioa iuoueth ii ia?aie
ieeoia?aiia, eioi?ay iaoiaeeony a ia?aie (iniiaiie) ieeoia?aoe/aneie
iaiaee (ia?aay no?iea ieeoia?aoe/aneiai iaith).
1.2. Caa?ocea ?aai/aai aeieoiaioa.
*oiau caa?oceoue n aeenea ?aniieiaeaiiue oai oaee n ?aai/ei
aeieoiaioii, ioaeii aucaaoue aee?aeoeao Open ec iaith File.
Iiaeii oaeaea uaeeiooue iuoueth ii aoi?ie ieeoia?aiia, eioi?ay
iaoiaeeony ia iniiaiie iaiaee. A ethaii neo/aa ioe?iaony
aeeaeiaiaia ieii caa?ocee oaeea. A yoii ieia a iiea Drives ioaeii
oeacaoue aeene, a a iiea Directories aua?aoue aee?aeoi?eth, aaea
?aniieiaeai Aao oaee. Anee auai? aue naeaeai i?aaeeueii, oi a
eaaii iiea iiyaeony nienie eiai oaeeia, n?aaee eioi?uo aeieaeai
iaoiaeeoueny eneiiue oaee. Anee uaeeiooue ii eiaie yoiai oaeea, iii
iiyaeony a iiea File Name. Iinea yoiai ioaeii cae?uoue aeeaeiaiaia
ieii, uaeeioa iuoueth ii eiiiea OK eee aeaaaeaeu uaeeioa ii eiaie
eneiiiai oaeea.
1.3. Nio?aiaiea aeieoiaioa.
I?e ia?aii nio?aiaiee Aaoaai aeieoiaioa ioaeii aucaaoue ec iaith File
aee?aeoeao Save As… Iinea yoiai ioe?iaony aeeaeiaiaia ieii,
a eioi?ii ioaeii oeacaoue eiy nio?aiyaiiai oaeea, a oaeaea aeene
e aee?aeoi?eth, a eioi?ie aai iaaei ?aniieiaeeoue. I?ia?aiia
Excel ii oiie/aieth i?aaeeaaaao noaiaea?oiia eiy
(Book[ii?yaeeiaue iiia?]), eioi?ia iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao caiaieoue
ethaui ae?oaei. A eiaie oaeea iaaeaeaoaeueii eniieueciaaoue
iaeioi?ua neiaieu (iai?eia?, $ & % ( ) -), oioy yoi e ia cai?auaii.
Ia neaaeoao oaeaea eniieueciaaoue neiaieu ee?eeeeoeu, /oiau
ecaaaeaoue iai?aaeneacoaiuo ?aaeoeee i?ia?aiiu e nenoaiu Windows.
I?aaeeaaaaiia ii oiie/aieth i?ia?aiiie Excel ?anoe?aiea oaeea .XLS,
eciaiyoue ia neaaeoao. Iinea oiai eae aoaeoo naeaeaiu ana
onoaiiaee, ioaeii cae?uoue aeeaeiaiaia ieii uae/eii ii eiiiea OK.
1.4. Aaoiiaoe/aneia nio?aiaiea.
Auciaeoa aee?aeoeao Add-Ins… ec iaith Tools, n iiiiuueth eioi?ie
aucuaaaony ano?iaiiue Iaiaaeaea? ?anoe?aiee. A ioe?uaoainy
aeeaeiaiaii ieia aeeth/eoa iioeeth AutoSave, uaeeioa ii iae iuoueth,
a caoai cae?ieoa ieii, uaeeioa ii eiiiea OK.
Iinea yoiai niiaa ioe?ieoa iaith Tools, a eioi?ii aeieaeia
iiyaeoueny aee?aeoeaa AutoSave… Auciaeoa yoo aee?aeoeao, oiaaea
iiyaeony aeeaeiaiaia ieii AutoSave, a eioi?ii iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao
caaeaoue eioa?aae a?aiaie iaaeaeo iiiaioaie nio?aiaiey. E?iia oiai,
a yoii ieia iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue, aeieaeia ee i?ia?aiia auaeaaaoue
cai?in ia nio?aiaiea e ioaeii ee aaoiiaoe/anee nio?aiyoue ana
aeieoiaiou eee oieueei aeoeaiue aeieoiaio.
1.5. Nicaeaiea ?aca?aiuo eiiee.
Aeey nicaeaiey ?aca?aiie eiiee iaiaoiaeeii aucaaoue aee?aeoeao Save
As… ec iaith File. A ioe?uaoainy aeeaeiaiaii ieia ioaeii uaeeiooue
ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Options. Iiyaeony neaaeothuaa aeeaeiaiaia
ieii, eiathuaa iacaaiea Save Options. A yoii ieia ioaeii aeeth/eoue
iioeeiiaeueioth eiiieo Always Create Backup. Oaia?ue i?e
nio?aiaiee oaeea aoaeao aaoiiaoe/anee nicaeaaaoueny ?aca?aiue oaee n
oai aea eiaiai, /oi e iniiaiie, ii n ?anoe?aieai .BAK.
1.6. Caueoa aeaiiuo.
Aeey aaaaeaiey ia?iey iaiaoiaeeii aucaaoue aee?aeoeae Save As ec iaith
File. A ioe?uaoainy aeeaeiaiaii ieia neaaeoao uaeeiooue ii eiiaiaeiie
eiiiea Options. Iiyaeyaony aeeaeiaiaia ieii Save Options. A iiea
aaiaea Protection Password: yoiai ieia iiaeii oeacaoue naie
ia?niiaeueiue ia?ieue, oiaaea i?e eaaeaeii auciaa yoiai oaeea
i?ia?aiia aoaeao cai?aoeaaoue ia?ieue. I?e aaiaea ia?iey ia
ye?aia aianoi aoea iiyaeythony caacaei/ee. Iinea cae?uoey ieia Save
Options ioe?uaaaony ieii Confirm Password, a eioi?ii ioaeii
iiaeoaa?aeeoue ia?ieue. Anee caienaoue ia?ieue a iiea aaiaea Write
Reservation Password, oi ia?aae ioe?uoeai yoiai oaeea
iiyaeony aeeaeiaiaia ieii, a eioi?ii iiaeii caaeaoue ia?ieue eee
uaeeiooue ii eiiiea Read Only. A iineaaeiai neo/aa oaee iiaeii
i?iniao?eaaoue, ii iaeuecy caienaoue aai ia aeene iiae oai aea eiaiai.
1.7. Aeiiieieoaeueiua naaaeaiey i oaeeao.
I?e ia?aii nio?aiaiee oaeea aee?aeoeaie Save As ioe?uaaaony
aeeaeiaiaia ieii Summary Info. A yoii ieia iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao
caiieieoue iiey aaiaea Title:, Subject: e Keywords:. A iiea Author
ii oiie/aieth oeacuaaaony eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay i?ia?aiiie i?e
einoaeeyoeee, ii iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao caienaoue a iai naia eiy. A
iiea aaiaea Comments iiaeii iiianoeoue niioaaonoaothuea eiiiaioa?ee.
Anee eiiiaioa?ee ia oiauathony a ioaaaeaiiii iiea ye?aia, oi ia
i?aaii e?aa iiey eiiiaioa?eaa iiyaeythony eeiaeee i?ie?ooee aeey eo
i?iniio?a. Cae?uaaaony eioi?iaoeeiiiia ieii uae/eii ii eiiiea OK.
2. NO?OEOO?A AeIEOIAIOIA
O?aoia?iua aeieoiaiou (aeieiiou, iaiee) – iaeii ec aaaeiaeoeo
iiaoanoa i?ia?aiiu Excel aa?nee 5.0, iicaieythuaa cia/eoaeueii
oi?inoeoue e onei?eoue ?aaioo n oaaeeoeaie e oi?aaeaiea ?aai/eie
eenoaie. A iiaie aa?nee ?aai/ea aeieoiaiou iiaoo niaea?aeaoue aei
255 oaaeeoe, aeeaa?aii eee VBA-i?ia?aii a iaeiii oaeea, a
i?eioeei ?aaiou n ieie iaiiieiaao iau/ioth ?aaioo n aeaeiauie aeieiioaie
a ethaii ioena. A eaaeaeii ?aai/ai aeieiioa iiaeii iiianoeoue anth
aeaeiaoth eioi?iaoeeth, ioiinyuothny e iaeiie oaia, e o?aieoue aa a
iaeiii oaeea, /oi iicaieyao cia/eoaeueii iiauneoue iaaeyaeiinoue
?aai/eo aeieoiaioia.
Yoi i?aeiouanoai iiauo aeieoiaioia iniaaiii i?iyaeyaony i?e
naycuaaiee aeaiiuo a oaaeeoeao. A i?aaeuaeouae aa?nee i?ia?aiiu
a neo/aa, anee ioaeii auei eniieueciaaoue ?acoeueoao ec eaeie-eeai
y/aeee ae?oaie oaaeeoeu, i?eoiaeeeinue ioe?uaaoue niioaaonoaothuee
oaee e n/eouaaoue ioaeioth eioi?iaoeeth. Oaia?ue i?e onoaiiaeaiee
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo naycae iaaeaeo oaaeeoeaie iaeiiai aeieoiaioa ia
ioaeii ie/aai ioe?uaaoue, o.e. ana oaaeeoeu iaoiaeyony a
iaeiii oaeea.
Iiaay oaoiieiaey iaeaa/aao oaeaea aiaeec aeaiiuo. *oiau
i?iaiaeece?iaaoue aeaiiua, ?aniieiaeaiiua a ianeieueeeo oaaeeoeao, a
Excel 5.0 Aai ioaeii ioe?uoue oieueei iaeei oaee.
2.1. Oi?aaeaiea ?aai/eie eenoaie.
Ioaeaeueiua ?aai/ea eenou iaeiiai aeieoiaioa ?aniieiaeaiu ae?oa iiae
ae?oaii. N iiiiuueth eiaiiiai oeacaoaey (?aaeno?a eiai),
?aniieiaeaiiiai a ieaeiae /anoe ye?aia, iiaeii ia?aoiaeeoue n
iaeiiai eenoa ia ae?oaie. Ia eiaiiii oeacaoaea iaoiaeyony ei?aoee
?aai/eo eenoia, ?aniieiaeaiiua a ii?yaeea aic?anoaiey iiia?ia: Sheet1,
Sheet2 e o.ae.
Uae/ie iuoueth, iai?eia?, ii aoi?iio ei?aoeo aucuaaao iiyaeaiea
?aai/aai eenoa Sheet2. Ei?aoie aeoeaiiai ?aai/aai eenoa ia?ee?oaony
ia eiaiiii oeacaoaea aaeui oeaaoii. Nia/aea ia oeacaoaea aeaeiu ei?aoee
ia?auo oanoe ?aai/eo eenoia. Neaaa io eiaiiiai oeacaoaey
?aniieiaeaiu ieeoia?aiiu no?aeie, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo iiaeii
eciaiyoue niaea?aeeiia oeacaoaey, /oiau iieo/eoue aeinooi e
neaaeothuei eenoai aeieoiaioa.
Uae/ie ii ieeoia?aiia n i?aaie no?aeeie naeaeaaao ia aaeeieoeo
ai?aai aeeaiacii (ieii) aeaeeiinoe ei?aoeia ?aai/eo eenoia. Uae/ie
ii ieeoia?aiia n eaaie no?aeeie naeaeaaao yoio aeeaiacii ia aaeeieoeo
aeaai. No?aeee n aa?oeeaeueiuie oo?eoaie iicaieytho ia?aeoe
niioaaonoaaiii e ia?aiio e e iineaaeiaio eenoai aeieoiaioa.
2.2. Aeiaaaeaiea ?aai/eo eenoia.
Aee?aeoeau aeiaaaeaiey ?aniieiaeaiu a iaith Insert.
Iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao aeiaaaeoue a aeieoiaio yeaiaiou neaaeothueo
oeiia:
– ?aai/ea eenou aeey nicaeaiey oaaeeoe;
– aeeaa?aiiu (a ea/anoaa yeaiaioa oaaeeoeu eee ia ioaeaeueiii eenoa);
– ?aai/ee eeno aeey caiene iae?ieiiaiaeu a aeaea i?ia?aiiiiai
iiaeoey (ia ycuea iae?ieiiaiaeu Excel 4.0 eee ia ycuea Visual Basic);
– ?aai/ee eeno aeey nicaeaiey aeeaeiaiaiai ieia.
Iiaue eeno anaaaea anoaaeyaony ia?aae aeoeaiui ?aai/ei eenoii. Anee
eeno i?aaeiacia/ai aeey nicaeaiey oaaeeoeu, oi iacaaeneii io
caieiaaiie iiceoeee ii aoaea eiaoue iacaaiea Sheet17 n
iineaaeothuei oaaee/aieai iiia?a i?e aeiaaaeaiee iiauo oaaeeoe. Iiaua
aeeaa?aiiu, ?aniieiaeaiiua ia ioaeaeueiuo ?aai/eo eenoao, ioia?othony
ia/eiay n Chart1 e o.ae. ?aai/ea eenou n iae?ieiiaiaeaie
(iae?inaie Excel 4.0) ioia?othony ia/eiay n Macro1, a n
aeeaeiaiauie ieiaie – ia/eiay n Dialog1 e o.ae. ?aai/ea eenou n
i?ia?aiiiuie iiaeoeyie iaienaiiuie ia ycuea Visual Basic, ioia?othony
ia/eiay n Module1. Iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao uaeeiooue ii iacaaieth ?aai/aai
eenoa i?aaie eiiieie iuoe, iinea /aai ioe?iaony eiioaenoiia (caaenyuaa
io neooaoeee) iaith, a eioi?ii oaeaea eiaaony aee?aeoeaa
aeiaaaeaiey. Anee ioaeii oaeaeeoue ?aai/ee eeno, ioaeii ioe?uoue
uae/eii i?aaie eiiiee iuoe eiioaenoiia iaith e auiieieoue aee?aeoeao
oaeaeaiey.
2.3. Ia?aiauaiea ?aai/eo eenoia.
Onoaiiaeoa oeacaoaeue iuoe ia ei?aoea ?aai/aai eenoa, eioi?ue
ioaeii ia?aianoeoue, e uae/eii i?aaie eiiiee iuoe ioe?ieoa
eiioaenoiia iaith. N iiiiuueth aee?aeoeau Move or Copy ioe?ieoa
aeeaeiaiaia ieii n oai aea iacaaieai e oeaaeeoa a iai iiaoth
iiceoeeth ia?anoaaeyaiiai eenoa. Cae?ieoa ieii Move or Copy
uae/eii ii eiiiea OK, e ?aai/ee eeno caeiao iiaoth iiceoeeth.
Anee aeeth/eoue iioeeiiaeueioth eiiieo Create a Copy, oi aeaiiue
?aai/ee eeno inoaiaony ia i?aaeiae iiceoeee, a iiaoth iiceoeeth
caeiao aai eiiey. Iacaaiea eiiee eenoa aoaeao ia?aciaaii iooai
aeiaaaeaiey ii?yaeeiaiai iiia?a e eiaie eiie?oaiiai eenoa,
iai?eia?, Sheet1(2).
Iiaeii ia?anoaaeoue n?aco ianeieueei eenoia. Aeey yoiai
i?iia?ee?oeoa yoe eenou, uaeeioa ii eo eiaiai a eiaiiii oeacaoaea
i?e iaaeaoie eeaaeoa [Shift]. Caoai auiieieoa aee?aeoeao Move
or Copy, eioi?ay a yoii neo/aa aoaeao i?eiaiyoueny n?aco ei anai
ia?ee?iaaiiui ?aai/ei eenoai.
2.4. Ia?aeiaiiaaiea ?aai/eo eenoia.
Onoaiiaeoa oeacaoaeue iuoe ia ei?aoea ?aai/aai eenoa, eioi?ue
ioaeii ia?aeiaiiaaoue, e uaeeieoa i?aaie eiiieie iuoe. Ioe?iaony
eiioaenoiia iaith, a eioi?ii n iiiiuueth aee?aeoeau Rename ioaeii
ioe?uoue aeeaeiaiaia ieii Rename Sheet. Yoi ieii iiaeii oaeaea ioe?uoue
aeaieiui uae/eii eaaie eiiiee iuoe ii iacaaieth ?aai/aai eenoa.
A iiea aaiaea Name oeaaeeoa iiaia eiy eenoa, eioi?ia aeieaeii
niaea?aeaoue ia aieaa 31 neiaiea, aeeth/ay i?iaaeu. Iinea aaiaea eiaie
uaeeieoa ii eiiiea OK, e ia eiaiiii oeacaoaea iiyaeony iiaia eiy
?aai/aai eenoa. I?e caaeaiee eiai ?aai/eo eenoia ia aeieaeiu
eniieueciaaoueny neaaeothuea neiaieu: eaaae?aoiua neiaee “[ ]”;
aeaiaoi/ea “:”; i?aaay einay /a?oa “/”; eaaay einay /a?oa
“\”.
2.5. Ei??aeoeey auniou no?ie e oe?eiu noieaoeia.
I?aaeaea anaai ei??aeoe?oaiay no?iea eee noieaaoe oaaeeoeu aeieaeiu
auoue i?iia?ee?iaaiu. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii uaeeiooue eaaie
eiiieie iuoe ii iiia?o (eii?aeeiaoa) no?iee eee noieaoea. A iaith Format
iaoiaeyony iiaeiaith Row e Column. I?e auai?a iaeiiai ec yoeo
iiaeiaith ioe?uaaaony iaith neaaeothuaai o?iaiy. A iiaeiaith Column
auciaeoa aee?aeoeao Width, oiaaea ioe?iaony aeeaeiaiaia ieii,
a eioi?ii iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao oeacaoue oe?eio noieaoea. A ea/anoaa
aaeeieoeu ecia?aiey iiaeii eniieueciaaoue iaeei neiaie. Iai?eia?, anee
a noieaoea ioaeii caienaoue 10 neiaieia, oi a iiea aaiaea Column
Width neaaeoao oeacaoue /enei 10. Aee?aeoeaa AutoFit Selection ec
iaith Column aaoiiaoe/anee ei??aeoe?oao oe?eio noieaoea a
niioaaonoaee n aai niaea?aeeiui.
Ei??aeoeeth iiaeii auiieieoue e n iiiiuueth iaieioeyoi?a iuoe. Aeey
yoiai oeacaoaeue iuoe ioaeii onoaiiaeoue ia a?aieoeo iaaeaeo
iiia?aie no?ie eee aae?anaie noieaoeia. I?e yoii oeacaoaeue iuoe
i?eia?aoaao aeae aeaoiai?aaeaiiie no?aeee. Anee iaaeaoue oaia?ue
eaaoth eiiieo iuoe e, ia ioioneay aa, iaiiiai naeaeiooue
oeacaoaeue iuoe, oi iiaeii oaeaeaoue oo?eoiaoth eeieth, eioi?ay
iieacuaaao niauaiea a?aieoeu no?iee. Ia?aianoeoa yoo eeieth a
ioaeioth iiceoeeth e ioionoeoa eiiieo iuoe, oiaaea a oaaeeoea
iiyaeony iiaay a?aieoea no?iee. Anee aeaaaeaeu uaeeiooue iuoueth ii
iiia?o no?iee (aae?ano noieaoea), oi aunioa (oe?eia) yoie no?iee
(noieaoea) aoaeao aaoiiaoe/anee nei??aeoe?iaaia ii aa
niaea?aeeiiio.
3. IINO?IAIEA OAAEEOe
Ana aeaiiua oaaeeoeu caienuaathony a oae iacuaaaiua y/aeee, eioi?ua
iaoiaeyony ia ia?ana/aiee no?ie e noieaoeia oaaeeoeu. Ii oiie/aieth
niaea?aeeiia y/aeee i?aaenoaaeyaony i?ia?aiiie Excel a noaiaea?oiii
oi?iaoa, eioi?ue onoaiaaeeaaaony i?e caionea i?ia?aiiu. Iai?eia?,
aeey /enae e oaenoia caaeaaony ii?aaeaeaiiue aeae e ?acia? o?eooa.
A i?ia?aiia Excel eiathony eiioaenoiua iaith, eioi?ua aucuaathony
i?aaie eiiieie iuoe, eiaaea i?iia?ee?iaaia iaeioi?ay iaeanoue oaaeeoeu.
Yoe iaith niaea?aeao iiiai aee?aeoea ia?aaioee e oi?iaoe?iaaiey
oaaeeoe. Aee?aeoeau oi?iaoe?iaaiey iiaeii oaeaea aucaaoue ia
iaiaee oi?iaoe?iaaiey (aoi?ay no?iea ieeoia?aoe/aneiai iaith),
uaeeioa iuoueth ii niioaaonoaothuae ieeoia?aiia.
3.1. Ia?ee?iaaiea y/aae.
Ioaeaeueiua y/aeee oaaeeoeu ia?ee?othony (auaeaeythony) aaoiiaoe/anee n
iiiiuueth oeacaoaey y/aae. *oiau ia?aaanoe oeacaoaeue a caaeaiioth
y/aeeo, ioaeii uaeeiooue ii iae eaaie eiiieie iuoe eee
eniieueciaaoue eeaaeoe oi?aaeaiey eo?ni?ii. Aeey ia?ee?iaee ianeieueeeo
y/aae ioaeii uaeeiooue a ia/aea ia?ee?oaiie iaeanoe (eaaue
aa?oiee oaie) e, oaea?aeeaay eiiieo iuoe iaaeaoie, ia?aiauaoue
iaieioeyoi? a eiiaoe iaeanoe (i?aaue ieaeiee oaie). *oiau ioiaieoue
ia?ee?iaeo iaeanoe, iiaeii i?inoi uaeeiooue ii iaia?ee?iaaiiie
y/aeea. Aeey ia?ee?iaaiey ianeieueeeo y/aae n iiiiuueth
eeaaeaoo?u iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue oeacaoaeue y/aae a ia/aeueioth y/aeeo
iaeanoe, a caoai, oaea?aeeaay eeaaeoo [Shift] iaaeaoie,
?ani?ino?aieoue ia?ee?iaeo ia anth iaeanoue n iiiiuueth eeaaeo
oi?aaeaiey eo?ni?ii.
Iaeia no?iea eee noieaaoe oaaeeoeu ia?ee?othony uae/eii ii iiia?o
(aae?ano), eioi?ue ?aniieiaeai a caaieiaea no?iee eee noieaoea.
Aeey ia?ee?iaaiey ianeieueeeo no?ie eee noieaoeia ioaeii uaeeiooue ii
iiia?o ia?aie no?iee (noieaoea), a caoai, oaea?aeeaay eiiieo iuoe
iaaeaoie, ia?aianoeoue iaieioeyoi? a ioaeioth iiceoeeth.
3.2. Ioiaia iia?aoeee.
Aeaenoaea, eioi?ia auiieiaii iineaaeiei, iiaeii ioiaieoue
aee?aeoeaie Undo ec iaith Edit eee eiiaeiaoeeae eeaaeo [Ctrl-Z].
Iia?aoeeth ioiaiu iiaeii oaeaea auiieieoue, uaeeioa iuoueth ii 11-e
ieeoia?aiia ia iaiaee oi?aaeaiey.
Aee?aeoeaa ioiaiu iinea auiieiaiey i?aa?auaaony a aee?aeoeao
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey eciaiaiey Redo. Auiieiea yoo aee?aeoeao,
iiaeii niiaa aaanoe a oaaeeoeo eciaiaiiua aeaiiua e o.ae. Yoi iiaeii
naeaeaoue oaeaea n iiiiuueth eeaaeaoo?iie eiiaeiaoeee [Ctrl-Z] eee
uae/ea ii 11-e ieeoia?aiia.
I?aaeuaeouaa aeaenoaea iiaeii iiaoi?eoue – aeey yoiai neoaeeo
aee?aeoeaa Repeat ec iaith Edit. Aeey iiaoi?aiey iineaaeiaai
aeaenoaey iiaeii oaeaea iaaeaoue eeaaeoo [F4] eee uaeeiooue ii 12-e
ieeoia?aiia ia iaiaee oi?aaeaiey.
3.3. Eiie?iaaiea aeaiiuo.
I?aaeaea anaai ioaeii i?iia?ee?iaaoue a?oiio y/aae,
niaea?aeeiia eioi?uo aeieaeii auoue neiie?iaaii, a caoai aucaaoue
aee?aeoeao Copy ec iaith Edit. Iinea yoiai ia?ee?iaaiiay iaeanoue aoaeao
caeeth/aia a ?aieo. Oaia?ue neaaeoao onoaiiaeoue oeacaoaeue iuoe a
iiceoeeth, eoaea aeieaeiu auoue neiie?iaaiu aeaiiua, e iaaeaoue eeaaeoo
aaiaea [Enter]. Niaea?aeeiia ia?ee?iaaiiie iaeanoe iiyaeony
a iiaii ianoa. Anee iaeanoue, a eioi?oth ioaeii iiianoeoue
eiieth, oiaea ia?ee?iaaia, oi ?acia?u iaaeo a?oii aeieaeiu auoue
iaeeiaeiauie, a i?ioeaiii neo/aa aoaeao auaeaii niiauaiea ia ioeaea.
A eiioaenoiii iaith i?aaie eiiiee iuoe oaeaea anoue aee?aeoeaa
eiie?iaaiey. Aeey eiie?iaaiey iiaeii oaeaea eniieueciaaoue
eiiaeiaoeeth eeaaeo [Ctrl-C] eee 8-th ieeoia?aiio ia iaiaee oi?aaeaiey.
Anee ioaeii oaeaeeoue niaea?aeeiia a?oiiu y/aae e iiianoeoue aai ia
iiaia ianoi a oaaeeoea, oi neaaeoao eniieueciaaoue aee?aeoeao
Cut ec iaith Edit. Ia iaiaee oi?aaeaiey yoie aee?aeoeaa
niioaaonoaoao 7-y ieeoia?aiia (iiaeieoeu), a ia eeaaeaoo?a –
eiiaeiaoeey eeaaeo [Ctrl-X].
3.4. Oaeaeaiea aeaiiuo.
I?aaeaea anaai ioaeii i?iia?ee?iaaoue a?oiio y/aae,
niaea?aeeiia eioi?uo aeieaeii auoue oaeaeaii. Caoai iiaeii
ainiieueciaaoueny iaeiei ec niiniaia oaeaeaiey aeaiiuo. Aeey yoiai a
iaith Edit anoue iiaeiaith Clear, eioi?ia niaea?aeeo neaaeothuea
/aou?a aee?aeoeau:
All – oaeaeyao niaea?aeeiia e ioiaiyao oi?iao y/aeee;
Formats – ioiaiyao oieueei oi?iao y/aeee;
Contents – oaeaeyao oieueei niaea?aeeiia y/aeee;
Notes – oaeaeyao oieueei eiiiaioa?ee e y/aeea.
Aee?aeoeaa oaeaeaiey Clear Contents anoue oaeaea a iaith i?aaie eiiiee
iuoe. N iiiiuueth yoie aee?aeoeau iiaeii oaeaeeoue oieueei niaea?aeeiia
y/aae. Oio aea ?acoeueoao aeinoeaaaony i?inoi iaaeaoeai eeaaeoe [Del].
Anee Au neo/aeii oaeaeeee ioaeioth eioi?iaoeeth, oi ainiieuecoeoanue
eiiaeiaoeeae eeaaeo [Ctrl-Z], eioi?ay ioiaieo aee?aeoeao oaeaeaiey.
3.5. Oi?iaoe?iaaiea /enae.
I?aaeaea anaai ioaeii i?iia?ee?iaaoue y/aeee, a eioi?uo iaaei eciaieoue
oi?iao i?aaenoaaeaiey /enae. Iinea yoiai iiaeii eeai ioe?uoue i?aaie
eiiieie iuoe eiioaenoiia iaith e aucaaoue a iai aee?aeoeao Format
Cells, eeai aucaaoue aee?aeoeao Cell ec iaith Format. A ethaii
neo/aa ia ye?aia iiyaeony aeeaeiaiaia ieii Format Cells. Ii
oiie/aieth a aa?oiai iiea yoiai ieia aoaeao aua?aia iioeey Number,
eioi?ay i?aaeiacia/aia aeey oi?iaoe?iaaiey /enae. A iiea Category
i?eaaaeaiu ?acee/iua oeiu oi?iaoia, eioi?ua auae?athony uae/eii
iuoe eee n iiiiuueth eeaaeo oi?aaeaiey eo?ni?ii. A iiea Format
Codes: iieacaiu eiaeu oi?iaoia aua?aiiiai oeia. A iiea aaiaea
Code: iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao caaeaoue eiae naiaai oi?iaoa e
caiiiieoue aai a nienea oi?iaoia. A ieaeiae /anoe ieia Format
Cells iaoiaeeony iiea i?iniio?a Sample:, a eioi?ii iieacaii, eae
aoaeao auaeyaeaoue niaea?aeeiia y/aeee a aua?aiiii oi?iaoa.
Ieeoia?aiia ni ciaeii $ (aeieea?a) ia iaiaee
oi?iaoe?iaaiey oi?aaeaiey iicaieyao onoaiiaeoue oi?iao aaethou a
caaeaiiie y/aeea (e /eneo aeiaaaeyaony neiaie aaethou).
Ieeoia?aiia ni ciaeii % (i?ioeaio) ia oie aea iaiaee iicaieyao
onoaiiaeoue oi?iao i?ioeaioia (e /eneo aeiaaaeyaony neiaie
i?ioeaioia).
3.6. Au?aaieaaiea aeaiiuo.
Aeey au?aaieaaiey niaea?aeeiiai y/aae a i?ia?aiia Excel iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue eeai aee?aeoeau iaith, eeai ieeoia?aiiu ia iaiaee
oi?iaoe?iaaiey (4-y, 5-y, 6-y). I?aaeaea anaai iaaei
i?iia?ee?iaaoue au?aaieaaaiua y/aeee. Aeaeaa iiaeii ioe?uoue
eiioaenoiia iaith i?aaie eiiieie iuoe e aucaaoue aee?aeoeao
Format Cells, eeai aucaaoue aee?aeoeao Cell ec iaith Format. A ethaii
neo/aa ia ye?aia iiyaeony aeeaeiaiaia ieii Format Cells. A aa?oiai iiea
yoiai ieia auaa?eoa iioeeth Alignment. Iinea yoiai a iiea
Horizontal iiaeii aua?aoue iaeio ec naeaeoi?iuo eiiiie au?aaieaaiey:
ii eaaiio e?ath (Left), ii oeaio?o (Center) e ii i?aaiio e?ath
(Right). Ii oiie/aieth oaeno au?aaieaaaony ii eaaiio e?ath, a /enea ii
i?aaiio.
I?iua anaai au?aaieaaoue aeaiiua iaiin?aaenoaaiii n iiiiuueth
ieeoia?aii ia iaiaee oi?iaoe?iaaiey. A yoii neo/aa ioaeii
i?iia?ee?iaaoue niioaaonoaothuea y/aeee e auiieieoue uae/ie ii
ioaeiie ieeoia?aiia.
3.7. Onoaiiaea o?eooia.
I?aaeaea anaai iaaei i?iia?ee?iaaoue y/aeee, a eioi?uo ioaeii eciaieoue
o?eoo. Iinea yoiai iiaeii eeai ioe?uoue eiioaenoiia iaith i?aaie
eiiieie iuoe e aucaaoue aee?aeoeao Format Cells, eeai aucaaoue
aee?aeoeao Cell ec iaith Format. A aa?oiai iiea ioe?uaoaainy ieia
Format Cells ioaeii aua?aoue iioeeth Font. A ieia iiyaeony iiea
Font:, a eioi?ii iiaeii aua?aoue aeae o?eooa ec i?aaeeaaaaiiai nienea.
Niaea?aeaiea yoiai nienea caaeneo io onoaiiaie, naeaeaiiuo a n?aaea
Windows.
A i?aaii iiea Size onoaiaaeeaaaony ?acia? (eaaeue) o?eooa. Ii
oiie/aieth i?ia?aiia Excel onoaiaaeeaaao ?acia? o?eooa a 10 ioieoia. A
nienea o?eooiauo noeeae Font Style: iiaeii aua?aoue iau/iue noeeue
(Regular), eo?nea (Italic), aee?iue o?eoo (Bold) e aee?iue eo?nea (Bold
Italic). A iiea Underline iiaeii aua?aoue oei iiae/a?eeaaiey oaenoa
(iaeiie eee aeaoiy eeieyie). A iiea Effects ?aniieiaeaiu o?e
iioeeiiaeueiua eiiiee, eioi?ua aeatho aiciiaeiinoue ca/a?eiooue
oaeno (Strikethrough) eeai ?acianoeoue aai ia ianoa aa?oiaai
(Superscript) eee ieaeiaai (Subscript) eiaeaenia.
Ieeoia?aiiu ia aoi?ie iaiaee oi?aaeaiey (1-y, 2-y, 3-y) iicaieytho
caaeaoue o?eooiaua noeee: aee?iia ia/a?oaiea (neiaie B), eo?nea
(neiaie I), iiae/a?eeaaiea (neiaie U n /a?oie aieco).
4. OAAEE*IUA AU*ENEAIEss
Aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey oi?ioe e ooieoeee yaeyaony iaeiei ec
aaaeiaeoeo naienoa i?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee yeaeo?iiiuo oaaeeoe. Yoi, a
/anoiinoe, iicaieyao i?iaiaeeoue noaoenoe/aneee aiaeec /eneiauo
cia/aiee a oaaeeoea.
Oaeno oi?ioeu, eioi?ay aaiaeeony a y/aeeo oaaeeoeu, aeieaeai
ia/eiaoueny ni ciaea ?aaainoaa (=), /oiau i?ia?aiia Excel iiaea
ioee/eoue oi?ioeo io oaenoa. Iinea ciaea ?aaainoaa a y/aeeo
caienuaaaony iaoaiaoe/aneia au?aaeaiea, niaea?aeauaa a?aoiaiou,
a?eoiaoe/aneea iia?aoeee e ooieoeee.
A ea/anoaa a?aoiaioia a oi?ioea iau/ii eniieuecothony /enea e aae?ana
y/aae. Aeey iaicia/aiey a?eoiaoe/aneeo iia?aoeee iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny
neaaeothuea neiaieu: + (neiaeaiea); – (au/eoaiea); * (oiiiaeaiea); /
(aeaeaiea).
Oi?ioea iiaeao niaea?aeaoue nnueee ia y/aeee, eioi?ua
?aniieiaeaiu ia ae?oaii ?aai/ai eenoa eee aeaaea a oaaeeoea ae?oaiai
oaeea. Iaeiaaeaeu aaaaeaiiay oi?ioea iiaeao auoue a ethaia a?aiy
iiaeeoeoee?iaaia. Ano?iaiiue Iaiaaeaea? oi?ioe iiiiaaao
iieueciaaoaeth iaeoe ioeaeo eee iai?aaeeueioth nnueeo a aieueoie
oaaeeoea.
E?iia yoiai, i?ia?aiia Excel iicaieyao ?aaioaoue ni neiaeiuie
oi?ioeaie, niaea?aeaueie ianeieueei iia?aoeee. Aeey iaaeyaeiinoe
iiaeii aeeth/eoue oaenoiaue ?aaeei, oiaaea i?ia?aiia Excel aoaeao
auaiaeeoue a y/aeeo ia ?acoeueoao au/eneaiey oi?ioeu, a nianoaaiii
oi?ioeo.
4.1. Aaiae oi?ioe.
I?ia?aiia Excel eioa?i?aoe?oao aaiaeeiua aeaiiua eeai eae oaeno
(au?aaieaaaony ii eaaiio e?ath), eeai eae /eneiaia cia/aiea
(au?aaieaaaony ii i?aaiio e?ath). Aeey aaiaea oi?ioeu iaiaoiaeeii
aaanoe aeaaa?ae/aneia au?aaeaiea, eioi?iio aeieaeai i?aaeoanoaiaaoue
ciae ?aaainoaa (=).
I?aaeiieiaeei, /oi a y/aeea A1 oaaeeoeu iaoiaeeony /enei 100, a a y/aeea
A1 – /enei 20. *oiau ?acaeaeeoue ia?aia /enei ia aoi?ia e
?acoeueoao iiianoeoue a y/aeeo N1, a y/aeeo N1 neaaeoao aaanoe
niioaaonoaothuoth oi?ioeo (=A1/A1) e iaaeaoue [Enter].
Aaiae oi?ioe iiaeii nouanoaaiii oi?inoeoue, eniieuecoy iaeaiueeee
o?the. Iinea aaiaea ciaea ?aaainoaa neaaeoao i?inoi uaeeiooue
iuoueth ii ia?aie y/aeea, caoai aaanoe iia?aoeeth aeaeaiey e uaeeiooue
ii aoi?ie y/aeea.
4.2. Neiaeiua oi?ioeu.
I?eiaiaiea neiaeiuo oi?ioe i?iaeaiiino?e?oai ia i?eia?a.
B C D E
10 ?AAIOA A?AIss OeAIA NOIIA
11 Iano?ieea
eeaaeaoo?u 2 $ 17.80
$ 35.60
12 Ianeoaeeaaiea
iaoei 4 $ 3.80 $ 15.20
13 Iiaeaioiaea oi?ioey?ia 8 $ 1.56 $ 12.48
14
15
16 Noiia
$ 63.28
17 IAeN 15%
$ 9.49
?en.1.
A noieaoea N i?eaaaeaiiie oaaeeoeu oeacaii a?aiy (a /anao), cao?a/aiiia
ia auiieiaiea ?aaiou, a noieaoea D – noieiinoue iaeiiai /ana
?aaiou, a a noieaoea A – i?iiaaeooi/iay noiia, eioi?oth iaaei
caieaoeoue ca yoo ?aaioo. A y/aeea A16 ioaeii au/eneeoue iauoth
noieiinoue anao ?aaio. Aeey yoiai ooaea iaaei caienaoue neaaeothuoth
oi?ioeo: =A12+A13+A14. Iieo/aiioth noiio oiiiaeueoa ia 0,15,
/oiau o/anoue iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, e ?acoeueoao iiianoeoa
a y/aeea A17: =A16*0,15.
Aeey au/eneaiey eiia/iie noiiu, iiaeeaaeauae iieaoa (iai?eia?,
a y/aeea A19) iaaei nia/aea neiaeeoue i?iiaaeooi/iua noiiu, a caoai
?acoeueoao oiiiaeeoue ia 0,15. Oi?ioea aeieaeia eiaoue aeae:
=(A12+A13+A14)*0,15. Eiia/ii, iiaeii auei au e i?inoi
i?inoiie?iaaoue niaea?aeeiia y/aae A16 e A17. Aeey neiaeaiey /enae
iiaeii oaeaea eniieueciaaoue ooieoeeth noiiu SUM(), oiaaea
oi?ioea aoaeao auaeyaeaoue neaaeothuei ia?acii: =Sum(E12:E14)*0,15.
4.3. ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea oi?ioe.
*oiau ia/aoue ?aaeaeoe?iaaoue niaea?aeeiia y/aeee, ioaeii
nia/aea i?iia?ee?iaaoue yoo y/aeeo. Ia neaaeothuai oaaa
iaiaoiaeeii aeeth/eoue ?aaeei ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey, iaaeaa eeaaeoo [F2] eee
auiieiea aeaieiie uae/ie iuoueth. A ?aaeeia ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey a aa?oiae
/anoe ye?aia (iiae no?ieie ieeoia?aoe/aneiai iaith) aeoeaece?oaony
iaai?iay no?iea, a eioi?ie aeaeia naia oi?ioea, a ia ?acoeueoao aa
au/eneaiey.
4.4. Eioi?iaoeeiiiua nayce.
A i?ia?aiia Excel aeiaieueii eaaei aaanoe nnueeo ia y/aeeo,
?aniieiaeaiioth a ae?oaie oaaeeoea. Iinea onoaiiaeaiey nnueee
cia/aiey, iaoiaeyueany a y/aeeao, aoaeoo aaoiiaoe/anee
iaiiaeyoueny.
Aeey ia?auaiey e cia/aieth y/aeee, ?aniieiaeaiiie ia ae?oaii ?aai/ai
eenoa, ioaeii oeacaoue eiy yoiai eenoa aianoa n aae?anii
niioaaonoaothuae y/aeee. Iai?eia?, aeey ia?auaiey e y/aeea A3 ia ?aai/ai
eenoa Sheet2 iaiaoiaeeii aaanoe oi?ioeo: =Sheet2!B3. Anee a
iacaaiee eenoa anoue i?iaaeu, oi iii (iacaaiea) caeeth/aaony
a eaau/ee. Aae?ana y/aae aeieaeiu auoue oeacaiu eaoeineeie
aoeaaie. Eioi?iaoeeiiiia naycuaaiea aeaoo y/aae iiaeii oi?inoeoue, anee
neiie?iaaoue cia/aiea enoiaeiie y/aeee a aooa? (n iiiiuueth
eiiaeiaoeee eeaaeo [Ctrl-C]) e i?iia?ee?iaaoue y/aeeo, a eioi?ie
aeieaeai iiyaeoueny ?acoeueoao. Caoai ioaeii auiieieoue aee?aeoeao
Paste Special ec iaith Edit e a aeeaeiaiaii ieia yoie aee?aeoeau
uaeeiooue ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Paste Link.
4.5. A?oiiiaua eiaia.
I?aaeiieiaeei, /oi iaiaoiaeeii au/eneeoue noiio oeaeie a?oiiu y/aae.
Aianoi oiai, /oiau ia?a/eneyoue a oi?ioea ioaeaeueiua y/aeee,
i?iia?ee?oeoa anth a?oiio e i?enaieoa ae eiy. A aeaeueiaeoai yoi
eiy iiaeii aoaeao eniieueciaaoue a oi?ioeao.
Aeey i?enaiaiey eiaie ia?ee?iaaiiie a?oiia y/aae a iaith Insert
ioaeii ioe?uoue iiaeiaith Name e aucaaoue a iai aee?aeoeao Define. A
iiea aaiaea ioe?uaoaainy aeeaeiaiaiai ieia Define Name oeaaeeoa eiy yoie
a?oiiu. Eiy a?oiiu aeieaeii ia/eiaoueny n aoeau e niaea?aeaoue ia
aieaa 255 neiaieia. Ia aeiioneaaony eniieueciaaiea i?iaaeia.
Eiy a?oiiu ia aeieaeii niaiaaeaoue n aae?anaie y/aae (A1 e
o.i.). A yoii ieia i?eaiaeeony oaeaea nienie oaea i?enaiaiiuo
a?oiiiauo eiai, ioiinyueony e aeaiiiio aeieiioo.
Anee a Aaoae oaaeeoea anoue caaieiaee no?ie e noieaoeia, oi eo oaeaea
iiaeii eniieueciaaoue a ea/anoaa eiai yoeo iaeanoae. Aeey yoiai ioaeii
i?iia?ee?iaaoue ninaaeiea no?iee (noieaoeu), aeeth/ay ia?aua y/aeee,
aaea ?aniieiaeaiu eiaia, e aucaaoue aee?aeoeao Create ec iaith
Insert Name. A ioe?uaoainy aeeaeiaiaii ieia ioaeii oeacaoue
ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea eiai (a ia?aie eee iineaaeiae y/aeea no?iee eee
noieaoea) e uaeeiooue ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea OK.
Anee oaia?ue aucaaoue aeeaeiaiaia ieii Define Name, oi a nienea eiai
iiaeii oaeaeaoue, /oi i?ia?aiia Excel i?enaieea oeacaiiui no?ieai
(noieaoeai) yoe eiaia.
A ieaeiai iiea Refers to aeeaeiaiaiai ieia Define Name aeathony
oaaee/iua aae?ana eiaioaiie a?oiiu. Oaia?ue i?e aaiaea oi?ioeu
aianoi ia?a/eneaiey aae?ania y/aae, ia?acothueo yoo a?oiio, iiaeii
oeacaoue aa eiy.
Iieiue nienie anao a?oiiiauo eiai ?aniieiaeai neaaa io iaai?iie
no?iee. Ai a?aiy aaiaea oi?ioeu iiaeii ioe?uoue yoio nienie,
uaeeioa ii no?aeea nienea, e aua?aoue a iai eioa?anothuaa Aan
eiy. Aua?aiiia eiy a?oiiu aoaeao n?aco anoaaeaii a oi?ioeo,
iacaaeneii io ianoiiaoiaeaeaiey aeoeaiie y/aeee.
Iai?eia?, anee noieaoeo A (ni. ?en. 1) i?enaiaii eiy “Noiia” e
ioaeii au/eneeoue noiio y/aae A11, A12 e A13, oi aaiae oi?ioeu iaaei
ia/aoue ni ciaea ?aaainoaa, ca eioi?ui neaaeoao eiy ooieoeee noiiu n
iaeiie e?oaeie neiaeie: =Sum(.
Caoai ioaeii ioe?uoue nienie a?oiiiauo eiai e uaeeiooue iuoueth ii
eiaie “Noiia”. I?ia?aiia Excel anoaaeo yoi eiy a oi?ioeo. Inoaaony
oieueei aaanoe i?aaoth neiaeo e iaaeaoue eeaaeoo [Enter], /oiau
caaa?oeoue aaiae oi?ioeu.
5. IINO?IAIEA E IOI?IEAIEA AeEAA?AII
A?aoe/aneea aeeaa?aiiu iaeeaeytho nooea eieiiee oeeo? a oaaeeoea,
iiyoiio oaea a ?aiieo aa?neyo i?ia?aiiu Excel auea i?aaeoniio?aia
aiciiaeiinoue iino?iaiey aeeaa?aii. A iyooth aa?neth Excel aeeth/ai
iiaue Eiino?oeoi? aeeaa?aii, eioi?ue iicaieyao nicaeaaaoue aeeaa?aiiu
“i?acaioaoeeiiiiai ea/anoaa”.
E?aneaay o?aoia?iay aeeaa?aiia ia oieueei ?aaeoao aeac, ii e oeo/oaao
ea/anoai aeieoiaioa. A i?ia?aiia MS Excel 5.0 iiyaeeny iiaue oei
o?aoia?iuo aeeaa?aii – oae iacuaaaiua eieueoeaaua aeeaa?aiiu,
eioi?ua aeiiieiytho iiaa?oiinoiua e nao/aoua o?aoia?iua
aeeaa?aiiu /aoaa?oie aa?nee.
Aeeaa?aiio iiaeii ?aniieiaeeoue ?yaeii n oaaeeoeae eee
?acianoeoue aa ia ioaeaeueiii ?aai/ai eenoa.
Eiino?oeoi? aeeaa?aii yaeyaony iaeiei ec iaeaieaa iiuiuo n?aaenoa a
i?ia?aiia Excel. Iino?iaiea aeeaa?aiiu n aai iiiiuueth auiieiyaony ca
ianeieueei oaaia. Eiino?oeoi?o oeacuaaaony enoiaeiay iaeanoue
oaaeeoeu, oei aeeaa?aiiu, eniieuecoaiua iaaeiene e oeaaoa. Ia iniiaiie
iaiaee eiaaony ieeoia?aiia aeey auciaa Eiino?oeoi?a aeeaa?aii.
5.1. Iino?iaiea aeeaa?aii.
I?aaeaea /ai no?ieoue aeeaa?aiio, iaiaoiaeeii caeii/eoue ana ?aaiou
a oaaeeoea, aeeth/ay aa oi?iaoe?iaaiea. Auciaeoa Eiino?oeoi?
aeeaa?aii (ChartWizard), uaeeioa ia iniiaiie iaiaee ii 17-e ieeoia?aiia.
Eiino?oeoi? aeeaa?aii aoaeao iaeeaeaoue eioi?iaoeee i
ianoiiaoiaeaeaiee aeeaa?aiiu, iiyoiio oeacaoaeue iuoe i?eia?aoaao oi?io
ieeoia?aiiu Eiino?oeoi?a. Au aeieaeiu naeaeaoue n iiiiuueth oeacaoaey
iuoe i?yiioaieueiee ia naiaiaeiii ianoa ?aai/aai eenoa, aaea
aoaeao ?aciauaia aeeaa?aiia. Aeey yoiai uaeeieoa eaaie eiiieie iuoe, a
caoai, ia ioioneay aa, ioaoene?oeoa ia?aciaaaoothny iinea
uae/ea ioieoe?ioth ?aiea ec aa?oiaai eaaiai oaea
i?yiioaieueiie iaeanoe a i?aaue ieaeiee oaie. Anee aeeaa?aiio ioaeii
iino?ieoue ia ioaeaeueiii eenoa, oi ioe?ieoa a iaith Insert iiaeiaith
Chart e auaa?eoa a iai aee?aeoeao As New Sheet.
Iinea yoiai Eiino?oeoi? ioe?uaaao aeeaeiaiaia ieii, a eioi?ii ca
iyoue oaaia ioaeii iino?ieoue aeeaa?aiio. Ii nia/aea ioaeii oeacaoue
iiceoeeth, aaea iaoiaeeony oaaeeoea aeaiiuo, ia iniiaa eioi?ie
no?ieony aeeaa?aiia. Aeey yoiai ia ia?aii oaaa i?iia?ee?oeoa
iuoueth naith oaaeeoeo, aeeth/ay caaieiaee no?ie e noieaoeia.
*oiau auiieieoue aeaa neaaeothueo oaaa, uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea
Next e auaa?eoa ec i?aaeeiaeaiiuo ia?acoeia oei e aeae aeeaa?aiiu
niioaaonoaaiii. Ia /aoaa?oii oaaa Eiino?oeoi? i?aaeeaaaao
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue i?iniio? iieo/eaoaeny aeeaa?aiiu. Ia iineaaeiai
(iyoii) oaaa inoaaony oieueei caaeaoue eiy aeeaa?aiiu, aa eaaaiaeo
(o.a. niioaaonoaea iaaeaeo noieaoeaie aeeaa?aiiu e oaaee/iuie
aeaiiuie), a oaeaea oeacaoue iaaeiene ia inyo aeeaa?aiiu.
A caeeth/aiee uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Finish, e aeeaa?aiia
iiyaeony a oeacaiiie iaeanoe ?aai/aai eenoa.
5.2. Oeiu aeeaa?aii.
Oei aeeaa?aiiu iiaeii caaeaoue o?aiy ?acee/iuie niiniaaie. Ia?aue
niinia iienai a ?acaeaea 5.1. Aoi?ie niinia naycai n aoiaeii a ?aaeei
?aaeaeoe?iaaiey aeeaa?aiiu, eioi?ue aeeth/aaony aeaieiui uae/eii
eaaie eiiiee iuoe aioo?e ?aiee aeeaa?aiiu.
Oiaaea a iaith Format iiyaeony aee?aeoeaa Chart Type. Auciaeoa yoo
aee?aeoeao e a ioe?uaoainy aeeaeiaiaii ieia auaa?eoa iiaeoiaeyuee
oei aeeaa?aiiu.
Iaeiaei i?iua anaai ainiieueciaaoueny a?aoe/aneei iaith. Uaeeieoa
i?aaie eiiieie iuoe a iaeanoe ieeoia?aoe/aneie iaiaee e a ioe?uaoainy
iaith auciaeoa aee?aeoeao Chart. A aa?oiae /anoe ye?aia ni?aaa iiyaeony
iaeaiueeia a?aoe/aneia iaith. Ia?aay ieeoia?aiia yoiai iaith
ii?aaeaeyao oei aeeaa?aiiu. Iinea uae/ea ii no?aeea, eioi?ay iaoiaeeony
?yaeii n yoie ieeoia?aiiie, ia?aae Aaie ioe?iaony nienie,
niaea?aeauee ana oeiu aeeaa?aii.
5.3. Iaaeiene ia inyo.
Anee Au ia naeaeaee caaieiaea aeeaa?aiiu e iaaeienae ia inyo ia iyoii
oaaa ?aaiou n Eiino?oeoi?ii, oi naeaeaeoa yoi nae/an. Aeey yoiai
auciaeoa aee?aeoeao Titles ec iaith Insert. A ioe?uaoainy
aeeaeiaiaii ieia ioaeii oeacaoue ianoi aeey iaaeienae, eioi?ua Au
oioeoa aaanoe. *oiau aaanoe iaaeienue, ioaeii aeeth/eoue
iioeeiiaeueiua eiiiee Chart Title, Value (Y) Axis e Category (X) Axis.
Aeey o?aoia?iuo aeeaa?aii iiyaeyaony aua iaeia eiiiea aeey iaaeienae ia
o?aoueae ine.
Iinea uae/ea ii eiiiea Value (Y) Axis ia aeeaa?aiia iiyaeyaony
oaenoiaay ?aiea, a eioi?ie iaoiaeeony aoeaa Y. Yoo aoeao iiaeii
iau/iui ia?acii caiaieoue ethaui oaenoii. *oiau caaa?oeoue aaiae,
ioaeii uaeeiooue eiiieie iuoe. Ia aeeaa?aiia iiyaeony oaeno,
eioi?ue iiaeii ?aaeaeoe?iaaoue e oi?iaoe?iaaoue iau/iui ia?acii. Aeey
yoiai ioaeii eeoue uaeeiooue ii iaio iuoueth, /oiau iiyaeeanue oaenoiaay
?aiea.
5.4. Aeiiieieoaeueiua iauaeou.
A iaith Insert ?aniieiaeaiu aee?aeoeau, eioi?ua iicaieytho
i?eaeaoue aeeaa?aiia aieaa i?eaeaeaoaeueiue aeae. A /anoiinoe,
caeanue anoue aee?aeoeaa Picture, eioi?ay eiii?oe?oao ?enoiee a
noaiaea?oiuo a?aoe/aneeo oi?iaoao (BMP, PCX e o.ae.). Iinea auciaa
yoie aee?aeoeau ioe?uaaaony ieii caa?ocee a?aoe/aneiai oaeea. Ia
aeeaa?aiia iiyaeyaony aua?aiiue ?enoiie, caeeth/aiiue a ?aieo.
Yoo ?aieo iiaeii ia?aiauaoue ii aeeaa?aiia n iiiiuueth iuoe e
eciaiyoue aa ?acia?.
E?iia yoiai, Eiino?oeoi? aeeaa?aii i?aaeinoaaeyao
aiciiaeiinoue anoaaeoue a aeeaa?aiio aeiiieieoaeueiue oaeno, eioi?ue
aoaeao i?eaeaeaoue aieiaiea e ioaeaeueiui /anoyi aeeaa?aiiu. Aeey
anoaaee oaenoa ioaeii aaanoe aai n eeaaeaoo?u a iaai?ioth no?ieo e
iaaeaoue eeaaeoo aaiaea [Enter]. Oiaaea a oeaio?a aeeaa?aiiu
iiyaeony oaenoiaay ?aiea, eioi?ie iiaeii i?eaeaoue n iiiiuueth iuoe
niioaaonoaothuee ?acia?, a caoai ia?aianoe aa a ioaeiia ianoi ia
aeeaa?aiia.
?enoiie ia aeeaa?aiia iiaeii ia?eniaaoue a?o/ioth n iiiiuueth
ieeoia?aoe/aneie iaiaee Drawing, ia eioi?ie anoue ana
iaiaoiaeeiua eino?oiaiou. Aucaaoue yoo iaiaeue iiaeii /a?ac iaith
i?aaie eiiiee iuoe eee aee?aeoeaie Toolbars ec iaith View.
5.5. Aeooaeecaoeey aeeaa?aii.
Anee Au aianaoa eciaiaiey a oo /anoue oaaeeoeu, ii eioi?ie no?ieeanue
aeeaa?aiia, oi i?ia?aiia Excel aaoiiaoe/anee iiaeeoeoee?oao
aeeaa?aiio. Anee aea Au aeiaaaeee a oaaeeoeo iiaoth no?ieo eee
noieaaoe, oi aeaenoaoeoa neaaeothuei ia?acii. I?iia?ee?oeoa iiaua
aeaiiua a oaaeeoea e ia?aianeoa eo n iiiiuueth iuoe ia aeeaa?aiio.
Aeey yoiai iinoaaueoa oeacaoaeue iuoe ia a?aieoeo ia?ee?iaaiiie
iaeanoe e, ia ioioneay eaaie eiiiee iuoe, ia?aianoeoa aa ia
aeeaa?aiio. Eae oieueei Au ioionoeoa eiiieo iuoe, aeeaa?aiia aoaeao
eciaiaia (aeooaeece?iaaia). Yoa oaoieea iieo/eea a ei?ii?aoeee
Microsoft iacaaiea Drag & Drop eee Drag & Plot.
Anee aeeaa?aiia ?aniieiaeaia ia ioaeaeueiii ?aai/ai eenoa, oi aeey aa
aeooaeecaoeee iiaeii eniieueciaaoue aee?aeoeao New Data ec iaith
Insert. A aeeaeiaiaii ieia yoie aee?aeoeau ioaeii oeacaoue iaeanoue
oaaeeoeu, eioi?ay auea aeiaaaeaia. Aeey yoiai eeai i?iia?ee?oeoa
yoo iaeanoue, eeai oeaaeeoa aa aae?an. Cae?ieoa aeeaeiaiaia ieii
uae/eii ii eiiiea OK, e i?ia?aiia aianao a aeeaa?aiio
niioaaonoaothuea eciaiaiey. Anee Au iaoaeiaeaoai?aiu ?acoeueoaoii
aeooaeecaoeee aeeaa?aiiu, oi ioiaieoa aa aee?aeoeaie Undo ec iaith
Edit.
6. OOIEOeEE
Aeey auiieiaiey oaaee/iuo au/eneaiee ioaeiu oi?ioeu. Iineieueeo
iaeioi?ua oi?ioeu e eo eiiaeiaoeee ano?a/athony i/aiue /anoi, oi
i?ia?aiia Excel i?aaeeaaaao aieaa 200 ca?aiaa cai?ia?aiie?iaaiiuo
oi?ioe, eioi?ua iacuaathony ooieoeeyie.
Ana ooieoeee ?acaeaeaiu ii eaoaai?eyi, /oiau a ieo auei i?iua
i?eaioe?iaaoueny. Ano?iaiiue Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee iiiiaaao ia anao
yoaiao ?aaiou i?aaeeueii i?eiaiyoue ooieoeee. Ii iicaieyao
iino?ieoue e au/eneeoue aieueoeinoai ooieoeee ca aeaa oaaa.
A i?ia?aiia eiaaony oii?yaei/aiiue ii aeoaaeoo iieiue nienie anao
ooieoeee, a eioi?ii iiaeii eaaei iaeoe ooieoeeth, anee ecaanoii aa eiy;
a i?ioeaiii neo/aa neaaeoao i?iecaiaeeoue iiene ii eaoaai?eyi. Iiiaea
ooieoeee ?acee/athony i/aiue iacia/eoaeueii, iiyoiio i?e iienea ii
eaoaai?eyi iieacii ainiieueciaaoueny e?aoeeie iienaieyie ooieoeee,
eioi?ua i?aaeeaaaao Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee. Ooieoeey iia?e?oao
iaeioi?uie aeaiiuie, eioi?ua iacuaathony aa a?aoiaioaie.
A?aoiaio ooieoeee iiaeao caieiaoue iaeio y/aeeo eee ?aciauaoueny a
oeaeie a?oiia y/aae. Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee ieacuaaao iiiiuue a caaeaiee
ethauo oeiia a?aoiaioia.
6.1. Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee.
I?iia?ee?oeoa oo y/aeeo, a eioi?ie aeieaeai iiyaeoueny ?acoeueoao
au/eneaiee. Caoai uae/eii ii 14-e ieeoia?aiia Eiino?oeoi?a
ooieoeee (ni cia/eii fx) ioe?ieoa aeeaeiaiaia ieii Eiino?oeoi?a.
A eaaii iiea yoiai ieia ia?a/eneaiu eaoaai?ee ooieoeee, a a i?aaii –
ooieoeee, niioaaonoaothuea aua?aiiie eaoaai?ee. Aeey oiai /oiau
oaeaeaoue ana ooieoeee, neaaeoao uaeeiooue iuoueth ii iioeee All a
iiea eaoaai?ee.
Uaeeieoa iuoueth ii iacaaieth ioaeiie Aai ooieoeee, oiaaea iacaaiea
ooieoeee iiyaeony a ioaeaeueiie no?iea aianoa n e?aoeei iienaieai yoie
ooieoeee. Caeanue aea oeacuaathony oeiu a?aoiaioia ooieoeee e eo
eiee/anoai. A?aoiaiou caaeathony ia neaaeothuai oaaa ?aaiou n
Eiino?oeoi?ii. *oiau ia?aeoe e iaio, uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea
Next.
Ia aoi?ii oaaa a aeeaeiaiaii ieia Eiino?oeoi?a oeacuaathony a?aoiaiou
ooieoeee. Eiino?oeoi? ?acee/aao a?aoiaiou, eioi?ua aeieaeiu
o/eouaaoueny iaycaoaeueii, e iaiaycaoaeueiua (iioeeiiaeueiua)
a?aoiaiou. *oiau caaeaoue a?aoiaio ooieoeee, ioaeii eeai aaanoe aai
aae?an n eeaaeaoo?u, eeai a oaaeeoea i?iia?ee?iaaoue iaeanoue,
aaea ii ?aniieiaeai. Oiaaea aae?an a?aoiaioa ooieoeee iiyaeony a
niioaaonoaothuai iiea aeeaeiaiaiai ieia Eiino?oeoi?a.
I?e ?aaioa n Eiino?oeoi?ii anaaaea iiaeii aa?iooueny e ia?aiio
oaao, uaeeioa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Back, e aua?aoue ae?oaoth
ooieoeeth. Anee ana a?aoiaiou ooieoeee auee oeacaiu i?aaeeueii, a
i?aaii aa?oiai iiea Value iiyaeyaony ?acoeueoao au/eneaiey yoie
ooieoeee, eioi?ue aoaeao iiiauai a oaaeeoeo. Uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie
eiiiea Finish, /oiau cae?uoue ieii Eiino?oeoi?a ooieoeee.
Iinea yoiai a oeacaiiie y/aeea oaaeeoeu iiyaeony ?acoeueoao au/eneaiee,
ii y/aeea inoaiaony ia?ee?iaaiiie. A iaai?iie no?iea iiaeii
oaeaeaoue aua?aiioth ooieoeeth aianoa n niioaaonoaothueie
a?aoiaioaie.
6.2. ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea ooieoeee.
Uaeeieoa iuoueth ii y/aeea, aaea iaoiaeeony ooieoeey. Caoai uae/eii
ii ieeoia?aiia Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee ioe?ieoa aeeaeiaiaia ieii Editing
Function.
A yoii ieia aeaaony iacaaiea ooieoeee, i?eaiaeeony aa e?aoeia
iienaiea e ia?a/eneythony aa a?aoiaiou. Aeey oiai /oiau eciaieoue
niaea?aeeiia iiey, aaea iaoiaeyony a?aoiaiou, neaaeoao eeai
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aianoe iiaua aae?ana, eeai i?iia?ee?iaaoue
niioaaonoaothuoth a?oiio y/aae. Iinea ieii/aiey ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey
neaaeoao uaeeiooue ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Finish.
Iinea uae/ea ii y/aeea, aaea iaoiaeeony ooieoeey, a iaai?iie no?iea
iiyaeony oaeno ooieoeee, niaea?aeauae cia/aiey a?aoiaioia. Iiyoiio
?aaeaeoe?iaaiea iiaeii auiieieoue iaiin?aaenoaaiii a iaai?iie
no?iea, ia ia?auaynue e Eiino?oeoi?o ooieoeee. Aeey yoiai ioaeii
uaeeiooue iuoueth a oie iiceoeee iaai?iie no?iee, aaea iaiaoiaeeii
eni?aaeoue ioeaeo. Neaaa io no?iee iiyayony o?e eiiaiaeiua eiiiee
(ni cia/eii X, “aaei/eie” e fx).
A oie iiceoeee, aaea aue auiieiai uae/ie, iiyaeony ia?oeathuee
oaenoiaue eo?ni?. N yoie iiceoeee iiaeii aaiaeeoue iiaua neiaieu n
eeaaeaoo?u. Uae/ie ii ieeoia?aiia n e?anoeeii ioiaiyao ana
i?iecaaaeaiiua eciaiaiey, oae /oi niaea?aeeiia y/aeee inoaaony
aac eciaiaiey. Uae/ie ii ieeoia?aiia n “aaei/eie” iiaeoaa?aeaeaao
eciaiaiea, e a y/aeea iiyaeyaony iiaia cia/aiea.
6.3. Au/eneaiea noiiu.
I?iia?ee?oeoa y/aeeo, aaea aeieaeia ?aniieaaaoueny noiia, e uaeeieoa
iuoueth ii 13-e ieeoia?aiia neiaeaiey.
A iaai?iie no?iea iiyaeony ciae ?aaainoaa e neiai “SUM”, ca eioi?ui a
neiaeao iau/ii neaaeoao aae?an iaeioi?ie iaeanoe, eioi?oth i?ia?aiia
i?aaeeaaaao iinea aiaeeca aeeceaaeaueo y/aae a ea/anoaa iaeanoe
noiie?iaaiey. Anee Excel “oaaaeaea” i?aaeeueii, uaeeieoa ii ieeoia?aiia
n “aaei/eie”.
A i?ioeaiii neo/aa i?iia?ee?oeoa a?oiio y/aae, eioi?ua ioaeii
neiaeeoue. Iiaeii i?iia?ee?iaaoue ianeieueei ianiaaeiuo a?oii y/aae,
eniieuecoy eeaaeoo [Ctrl]. Yoo eeaaeoo ioaeii oaea?aeeaaoue a iaaeaoii
ninoiyiee aei oao ii?, iiea ana a?oiiu ia aoaeoo i?iia?ee?iaaiu.
Aae?ana a?oii iiaeii aaanoe n eeaaeaoo?u. A yoii neo/aa ioaeii
iiiieoue, /oi aae?ana ia/aeueiie e eiia/iie y/aae a?oiiu
?acaeaeythony aeaiaoi/eai, a aae?ana ?acee/iuo a?oii – caiyoie (eee
oi/eie n caiyoie, a caaeneiinoe io onoaiiaee iioeee International
a n?aaea Windows). E?iia yoiai a oi?ioeo iiaeii aaanoe e
/eneiaua neaaaaiua. Iinea yoiai uaeeieoa ii ieeoia?aiia n
“aaei/eie”, /oiau au/eneeoue noiio.
6.4. Au/eneaiea n?aaeiaai cia/aiey.
I?iia?ee?oeoa y/aeeo, aaea aeieaeii ?aniieaaaoueny n?aaeiaa cia/aiea,
e uaeeieoa ii ieeoia?aiia Eiino?oeoi?a ooieoeee.
Ioe?iaony aeeaeiaiaia ieii Eiino?oeoi?a. A eaaii iiea yoiai ieia
auaa?eoa eaoaai?eth Statistical, a a i?aaii iiea uaeeieoa ii
iacaaieth ooieoeee AVERAGE. Caoai uae/eii ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Next
ia?aeaeeoa ei aoi?iio oaao ?aaiou n Eiino?oeoi?ii.
Ia aoi?ii oaaa ioaeii oeacaoue a?aoiaiou yoie ooieoeee. Caeanue
oaeaea aeey ia?ee?iaee iiaeii eeai eniieueciaaoue iuoue a ni/aoaiee
n eeaaeoae [Ctrl], eeai aaiaeeoue aae?an n eeaaeaoo?u.
A caeeth/aiea ioaeii cae?uoue ieii Eiino?oeoi?a ooieoeee uae/eii ii
eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Finish, iinea /aai a oaaeeoea iiyaeony n?aaeiaa
cia/aiea.
6.5. Au/eneaiea aaee/eiu eeiaeiie aii?oecaoeee.
Aeey au/eneaiey aaee/eiu eeiaeiie aii?oecaoeee eaeiai-eeai
iai?oaeiaaiey (iai?eia?, noaiea) ioaeii ciaoue aai iieoiioth
noieiinoue, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue yenieoaoaoeee e inoaoi/ioth
noieiinoue. I?aaeiieiaeei, /oi yoa eioi?iaoeey oaea aianaia a
oaaeeoeo. I?iia?ee?oeoa y/aeeo, aaea aoaeao iaoiaeeoueny cia/aiea
eeiaeiie aii?oecaoeee, e auciaeoa Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee.
Ia ia?aii oaaa auaa?eoa eaoaai?eth Financial. A i?aaii iiea
uaeeieoa ii aaa?aaeaoo?a SLN (ooieoeey eeiaeiie aii?oecaoeee).
Eiino?oeoi? auaeano e?aoeia iienaiea yoie ooieoeee. Caoai
uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Next.
Ia ye?aia iiyaeony aoi?ia aeeaeiaiaia ieii Eiino?oeoi?a ooieoeee. A
yoii ieia oeaaeeoa a?aoiaiou ooieoeee. Caeii/ea aaiae a?aoiaioia,
uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Finish. Iinea yoiai a oeacaiiie y/aeea
oaaeeoeu iiyaeony cia/aiea eeiaeiie aii?oecaoeee.
6.6. Eiiaeie?iaaiea ooieoeee.
Ia?aoth ooieoeeth a oi?ioea iiaeii caaeaoue n iiiiuueth
Eiino?oeoi?a ooieoeee. Caoai aeoeaece?oeoa iaai?ioth no?ieo e
aaaaeeoa n eeaaeaoo?u ciae a?eoiaoe/aneie iia?aoeee, eioi?ay
naycuaaao ooieoeee. Aeey aaiaea aoi?ie ooieoeee oaeaea caionoeoa
Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee iaiin?aaenoaaiii ec iaai?iie no?iee
(ieeoia?aiia ni cia/eii fx). Oaeei ia?acii iiaeii naycaoue ae?oa n
ae?oaii i?iecaieueiia /enei ooieoeee.
Ooieoeee iiaoo naycuaaoueny iia?aoi?ii eiiiiceoeee, eiaaea iaeia
(aioo?aiiyy) ooieoeey yaeyaony a?aoiaioii ae?oaie (aiaoiae) ooieoeee.
Aeey ia?aciaaiey eiiiiceoeee aaaaeeoa iau/iui ia?acii aiaoithth
ooieoeeth e i?iia?ee?oeoa y/aeeo, aaea iia ?aniieiaeaia. Caoai
aeoeaece?oeoa iaai?ioth no?ieo e uaeeieoa a iae ii a?aoiaioo,
aianoi eioi?iai aeieaeia auoue anoaaeaia aioo?aiiyy ooieoeey. Iinea
yoiai caionoeoa Eiino?oeoi? ooieoeee e auaa?eoa aioo?aiithth ooieoeeth.
Yoio i?ioeann ioaeii iiaoi?eoue aeey eaaeaeie aioo?aiiae
ooieoeee, anee aeiaeaiee ianeieueei. I?e yoii neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi
a?aoiaiou ooieoeee ioaeaeythony ae?oa io ae?oaa caiyoie.
Oaeei ia?acii, a?aoiaioaie ooieoeee iiaoo auoue /enea, ioaeaeueiua
y/aeee, a?oiiu y/aae e ae?oaea ooieoeee.
6.7. Oaenoiaue ?aaeei eiaeeeaoeee ooieoeee.
A iau/iii ?aaeeia i?ia?aiia Excel aaiaeeo a oaaeeoeo ?acoeueoaou
au/eneaiee ii oi?ioeai. Iiaeii eciaieoue yoio ?aaeei e aaanoe oaenoiaue
eiaeeeaoeee (ioia?aaeaiey) oi?ioe, iaaeaa eiiaeiaoeeth eeaaeo
[Ctrl-~].
Iinea yoiai ia ye?aia noaiiayony aeaeiu ia ?acoeueoaou au/eneaiee,
a oaenou naieo oi?ioe e ooieoeee. A yoii ?aaeeia oaaee/eaaaony oe?eia
noieaoeia, /oiau iiaeii auei oaeaeaoue anth oi?ioeo e iiiuoaoueny
iaeoe ioeaeo.
*anoi ?aai/ee eeno ia iiiauaaony oeaeeeii ia ye?aia, /oi cao?oaeiyao
iiene ioeaie. E?iia oiai, aeiaieueii ooiieoaeueii aeieaia a?aiy
eneaoue ia iiieoi?a i?e/eio ioeaee. Iiyoiio ?aeiiaiaeoaony
?ania/aouaaoue oaaeeoeo a oaenoiaii ?aaeeia. Aeey yoiai iiaeii
aua?aoue aeueaiiioth i?eaioaoeeth eenoa, aeaaea anee naia oaaeeoea auea
naeaeaia a ?an/aoa ia ii?o?aoioth i?eaioaoeeth. I?e aeueaiiiie
i?eaioaoeee ia eeno aoiaae iiiauaaony oaaeeoea n i/aiue oe?ieeie
noieaoeaie.
7. IAIAI AeAIIUIE
Iaiai aeaiiuie iicaieyao iieueciaaoaeth Excel eiii?oe?iaaoue a naie
oaaeeoeu iauaeou ec ae?oaeo i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii e ia?aaeaaaoue
(yenii?oe?iaaoue) naie oaaeeoeu aeey ano?aeaaiey a ae?oaea iauaeou.
Eiioeaioeey iaiaia aeaiiuie yaeyaony iaeiie ec iniiaiuo
eiioeaioeee n?aaeu Windows. Iaaeaeo iauaeoaie, eioi?ua
ia?aaaouaathony ?acee/iuie i?eeeaaeiuie i?ia?aiiaie, nicaeathony
eioi?iaoeeiiiua nayce, iai?eia?, iaaeaeo oaaeeoeaie e oaenoaie. Yoe
eioi?iaoeeiiiua nayce ?aaeeciaaiu aeeiaie/anee, iai?eia?, eiiey
oaaeeoeu, ano?iaiiay a oaeno, aoaeao iaiiaeyoueny
(aeooaeece?iaaoueny) anyeee ?ac, eiaaea a aa i?eaeiae aiinyony
eciaiaiey.
E niaeaeaieth, ia ana i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu iiaeaea?aeeaatho
iaoaieci iaiaia aeaiiuie, ii i?ia?aiia Excel ioiineony caeanue e
eeaea?ai. Iia iiaeaea?aeeaaao iiaaeoee noaiaea?o a iaiaia aeaiiuie,
eioi?ue iacuaaaony OLE 2.0 (Object Linking and Embedding).
7.1. Eiii?oe?iaaiea ?enoieia a Excel.
Ia?aaaaeeoa oeacaoaeue y/aae a eaaue aa?oiee oaie naiaiaeiie iaeanoe
?aai/aai eenoa e auciaeoa aee?aeoeao Object ec iaith Insert.
I?ia?aiia Excel auaeaao nienie iauaeoia, eioi?ua iiaeii aeeth/eoue a
oaaeeoeo e aeey eioi?uo a nenoaia anoue niioaaonoaothuea
i?ia?aiiiua ia?aaioee. Niaea?aeaiea yoiai nienea caaeneo io iaai?a
i?ia?aii, eioi?ua auee onoaiiaeaiu a nenoaia Windows. Auaa?eoa
ec nienea iauaeo Paintbrush Picture e uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea
OK.
Iinea yoiai aucuaaaony a?aoe/aneee ?aaeaeoi? Paintbrush, a eioi?ii
iiaeii naeaeaoue ?enoiie eee aua?aoue aioiaue n iiiiuueth aee?aeoeau
Paste from ec iaith Edit. A aeeaeiaiaii ieia yoie aee?aeoeau
auaa?eoa oaee n ioaeiui ?enoieii e caa?oceoa aai a ieii ?aaeaeoi?a.
Caoai auciaeoa aee?aeoeao Exit & Return ec iaith File, /oiau aueoe ec
a?aoe/aneiai ?aaeaeoi?a e aa?iooueny a i?ia?aiio Excel.
I?e auoiaea ?aaeaeoi? ni?aoeaaao, nicaeaaaoue ee aeeiaie/aneoth naycue n
yoei ?enoieii. Caeanue neaaeoao ioaaoeoue Yes. Oiaaea nicaeaaony
aeeiaie/aneay eioi?iaoeeiiiay naycue (a noaiaea?oa OLE) iaaeaeo ?enoieii
ia ?aai/ai eenoa e a?aoe/aneei ?aaeaeoi?ii. ?enoiie iiyaeyaony ia
?aai/ai eenoa a oeacaiiii ianoa ?yaeii n oaaeeoeae.
7.2. ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea ?enoieia ia ?aai/ai eenoa.
Aeaaaeaeu uaeeieoa eaaie eiiieie iuoe aioo?e ?aiee, a eioi?ie
iaoiaeeony ?enoiie. Iinea yoiai aaoiiaoe/anee caioneaaony
a?aoe/aneee ?aaeaeoi? Paintbrush, iineieueeo o iaai n yoei ?enoieii
auea onoaiiaeaia eioi?iaoeeiiiay naycue.
Oaia?ue a ?enoiie iiaeii aianoe eciaiaiey, eniieuecoy n?aaenoaa,
i?aaeinoaaeyaiua a?aoe/aneei ?aaeaeoi?ii. A caeeth/aiea ioaeii aucaaoue
aee?aeoeao Exit & Return ec iaith File, /oiau aueoe ec a?aoe/aneiai
?aaeaeoi?a e aa?iooueny a i?ia?aiio Excel. I?e auoiaea ?aaeaeoi? niiaa
i?aaeeaaaao nio?aieoue eioi?iaoeeiiioth naycue. Caeanue oaeaea
ioaeii aua?aoue ioaao Yes. Iinea yoiai oi?aaeaiea aica?auaaony
i?ia?aiia Excel, e eciaiaiiue ?enoiie iiyaeyaony a oii aea ianoa ?yaeii
n oaaeeoeae.
7.3. Aeeth/aiea oaaeeoeu a oaeno.
Caionoeoa i?ia?aiio Excel e i?iia?ee?oeoa oaaeeoeo, a eioi?ie
iaoiaeyony ioaeiua aeaiiua. Caoai uaeeieoa ia iniiaiie iaiaee ii 5-e
ieeoia?aiia. I?ia?aiia Excel neiie?oao oaaeeoeo a aooa? i?iiaaeooi/iiai
o?aiaiey n?aaeu Windows.
Caaa?oeoa ?aaioo n i?ia?aiiie Excel e auciaeoa oaenoiaue ?aaeaeoi?
WinWord aianoa ni naiei aeieoiaioii. Uaeeieoa iuoueth a oii ianoa
oaenoa, aaea ioaeii anoaaeoue oaaeeoeo. Caoai ia iniiaiie
ieeoia?aoe/aneie iaiaee ?aaeaeoi?a uaeeieoa ii ieeoia?aiia
anoaaee ec aooa?a (a ?aaeaeoi?a Word yoi 6-y ieeoia?aiia, a
Excel – 9-y). Iinea yoiai oaaeeoea aoaeao anoaaeaia a oaenoiaue
aeieoiaio.
8. IA?AAIOEA NIENEIA
Nienee iicaieytho yooaeoeaii ?aaioaoue n aieueoeie
iaeii?iaeiuie iaai?aie aeaiiuo.
Nieneii aoaeai iacuaaoue oii?yaei/aiiue iaai? aeaiiuo, eiathueo
iaeeiaeiaoth no?oeoo?o. Iai?eia?, nieneii yaeyaony oaeaoiiiue
ni?aai/iee, a eioi?ii i?eaaaeaiu oaieeee aaiiaioia e iiia?a eo
oaeaoiiia. Eaaeaeue yeaiaio nienea caieiaao iaeio no?ieo, a
eioi?ie aeaiiua ?ani?aaeaeythony ii ianeieueeei iieyi (noieaoeai). A
i?ia?aiia Excel nienee yaeythony niaoeeaeueiui aeaeii oaaeeoe,
aeey eioi?uo eiathony iia?aoeee aeey eo ia?aaioee. Nienee iiaoo
?anniao?eaaoueny eae aioo?aiiea aacu aeaiiuo, a eioi?uo caienyie
yaeythony no?iee oaaeeoeu, a iieyie – noieaoeu.
A iyoie aa?nee i?ia?aiiu Excel ?ac?aaio/eee ec oe?iu Microsoft
cia/eoaeueii oi?inoeee ?aaioo ni nieneaie. Oae iacuaaaiua
aaoiiaoe/aneea oeeueo?u iicaieytho ioia?aceoue oieueei oa /anoe
nienea, eioi?ua ioaeiu aeey auiieiaiey ii?aaeaeaiiie caaea/e.
8.1. Nicaeaiea nieneia.
N oaoie/aneie oi/ee c?aiey nienee i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iau/iua
oaaeeoeu, aeey eioi?uo a i?ia?aiia Excel eiathony aeiiieieoaeueiua
iia?aoeee ia?aaioee. Nia/aea ioaeii oi?ioi i?iaeoiaoue iacaaiey
ioaeaeueiuo iieae a nienea. Iai?eia?, a ea/anoaa iieae aeey nienea
oiaa?ia iiaeii auei au aua?aoue neaaeothuea: iiia? a?oeeoea,
iacaaiea oiaa?a, oeaio e iaee/ea ia neeaaea (caian). Iacaaiey
iieae eniieuecothony i?ia?aiiie Excel aeey iienea yeaiaioia a nienea
e aai ia?aaioee. Yoe iacaaiey niioaaonoaotho iacaaieyi noieaoeia a
oaaeeoea.
A ia?aie no?iea ?aai/aai eenoa aaaaeeoa iacaaiey ioaeaeueiuo iieae
nienea. Neaaeeoa ca oai, /oiau iaaeaeo ieie ia inoaaaeinue naiaiaeiuo
noieaoeia. Yoo no?ieo i?ia?aiia Excel eniieuecoao a ea/anoaa no?iee
caaieiaeia nienea. Ia/eiay ni neaaeothuae no?iee aaaaeeoa naie aeaiiua.
8.2. Aaiae nienea aeaiiuo.
Iinea auciaa aee?aeoeau Form ec iaith Data ioe?uaaaony aeeaeiaiaia
ieii, a eioi?ii i?ia?aiia ni?aoeaaao, iiaeii ee ?anniao?eaaoue
ia?aoth no?ieo a ea/anoaa caaieiaea nienea. Caeanue ioaeii ioaaoeoue
ooaa?aeeoaeueii, uaeeioa ii eiiiea OK.
Iinea yoiai ioe?iaony aeeaeiaiaia ieii aeey aaiaea aeaiiuo, a eioi?ii
eaaeaeiio iieth nienea niioaaonoaoao iiea aaiaea. Eae oieueei ana
iiey aaiaea aoaeoo caiieiaiu aeaiiuie, uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea
New, /oiau aianoe aaaaeaiiue yeaiaio aeaiiuo a nienie. Caoai iiaeii
ia/aoue aaiae neaaeothuaai yeaiaioa aeaiiuo e o.ae., iiea ia aoaeoo
aaaaeaiu ana yeaiaiou nienea. A caeeth/aiea cae?ieoa ieii uae/eii
ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Close.
Eaaeaeue iiaue nienie neaaeoao nicaeaaaoue ia ioaeaeueiii ?aai/ai
eenoa. I?ia?aiia Excel iiaeao ia?aaaouaaoue oieueei iaeei nienie ia
iaeiii ?aai/ai eenoa.
8.3. Iiene yeaiaioa a nienea.
Iinea auciaa aee?aeoeau Form ec iaith Data a aeeaeiaiaii ieia
iiyaeyaony ia?aue yeaiaio nienea. Uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea
Criteria, /oiau aieoe a ?aaeei iienea. Aeae aeeaeiaiaiai ieia
eciaieony; eiiiea Criteria i?aa?aoeony a eiiieo Form. Aaaaeeoa
cia/aiey iieae eneiiiai yeaiaioa a iiey aaiaea, ?aniieiaeaiiua a
eaaie /anoe ieia. Aaaaeaiiua cia/aiey aoaeoo neoaeeoue e?eoa?eyie
iienea. Iiaeii caiieieoue ia ana iiey aaiaea, oiaaea aoaeao
i?iecaiaeeoueny iiene yeaiaioia, niioaaonoaothuea iiey eioi?uo
niaiaaeatho n caiieiaiiuie iieyie. I?e aaiaea noa?aeoanue ia
ia?ooaoue ii?yaeie neaaeiaaiey iieae.
Oaia?ue uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie eiiiea Find Next. I?ia?aiia Excel
ia/eiaao i?iniao?eaaoue aanue nienie ia/eiay n ia?aiai yeaiaioa,
/oiau iaeoe yeaiaio, eioi?ue oaeiaeaoai?yao e?eoa?eth iienea. Anee
i?ia?aiia iaoiaeeo niioaaonoaothuee yeaiaio, ii iiyaeyaony a
aeeaeiaiaii ieia. Anee ioaeii iaeoe aua iaeei yeaiaio,
oaeiaeaoai?ythuee oneiaeth iienea, niiaa uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie
eiiiea Find Next.
Anee iiene eo/oa aanoe a ia?aoiii iai?aaeaiee, uaeeieoa ii eiiaiaeiie
eiiiea Find Prev. I?e iienea iiaeii eiiaeie?iaaoue ?acee/iua e?eoa?ee
ae?oa n ae?oaii. Iai?eia?, iiaeii aaanoe iiene yeaiaioia, o eioi?uo
cia/aiea iaeioi?iai iiey aieueoa caaeaiiiai /enea, a cia/aiea ae?oaiai
iiey niaiaaeaao n caaeaiiie oeaii/eie neiaieia.
Anee e?eoa?eai iienea neoaeeo oaenoiaay no?iea, oi aeey ianee?iaaiey
oaenoiauo iiceoeee iiaeii eniieueciaaoue neiaieu “?” e “*”.
Aii?ineoaeueiue ciae iicaieyao eaii?e?iaaoue oo oaenoiaoth iiceoeeth,
eioi?oth ii caieiaao. Iai?eia?, no?iea iienea “I???a?” aoaeoo
oaeiaeaoai?youe neiaa “Itheea?”, “Ianoa?” e o. ae. Caacaei/ea iicaieyao
eaii?e?iaaoue ana neaaeothuea iinea iaa neiaieu. Iai?eia?,
no?iea iienea “Ie*” aoaeoo oaeiaeaoai?youe ethaua neiaa, eioi?ua
ia/eiathony n ni/aoaiey “Ie”.
A /eneiauo e?eoa?eyo iienea iiaeii eniieueciaaoue eiae/aneea iia?aoi?u.
Iai?eia?, oneiaea “=). A ia?aii iiea aaiaea oeaaeeoa iaeioi?ia /enei eee
auaa?eoa aai ec iaith, ?aniieiaeaiiiai ni?aaa. Ionoue, iai?eia?,
aaaaeaii /enei 20. Oaia?ue a i?aaii iiea caienaii ia?aia oneiaea
oeeueo?aoeee >=20.
Iiaoi?eoa oa aea aeaenoaey aeey aoi?iai iiey aaiaea. Ionoue, iai?eia?,
oai auei oeacaii oneiaea
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