Основы ПЭВМ

Ainoaea?noaaiiue Eiieoao ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ii aunoaio ia?aciaaieth
Iineianeay ainoaea?noaaiiay oaenoeeueiay aeaaeaiey eiaie A.I.Einuaeia

eaoaae?a eioi?iaoeee e au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee

I?aeoe/aneay ?aaioa

ii eo?no

iniiau IYAI

A?oiia ? 46-94

Nooaeaio Aiiaea?aiei TH.I.

?oeiaiaeeoaeue Oeuiaaethe I.ss.

I?iaa?eea Iaeaieia A.I

Iineaa 1995

Niaea?aeaiea:

1. Eniieueciaaiea neiaieueiuo ooieoeee

1.1 Iinoaiiaea caaea/e

1.2. Oneiaiua iaicia/aiey

1.3. Aeie-noaia aeai?eoia ?aoaiey caaea/e

1.4. I?ia?aiia

1.5. Eiio?ieueiue i?eia?

2. ?aoaiea iaeeiaeiuo o?aaiaiee

2.1 Iinoaiiaea caaea/e

2.2. Oneiaiua iaicia/aiey

2.3. Aeie-noaia aeai?eoia ?aoaiey caaea/e

2.4. I?ia?aiia

2.5. ?acoeueoaou ?aoaiey o?aaiaiey

3. Ia?aaioea aeaiiuo aeey iieo/aiey noaoenoe/aneeo ioeaiie

3.1 Iinoaiiaea caaea/e

3.2. Oneiaiua iaicia/aiey

3.3. Aeie-noaia aeai?eoia ?aoaiey caaea/e

3.4. I?ia?aiia

3.5. Eiio?ieueiue i?eia?

4. ?aaioa n eaoaeiaaie e oaeeaie a MS – DOS

4.1. Iinoaiiaea caaea/e

4.2. Caaeaiea

5. ?aaioa n eaoaeiaaie e oaeeaie

a nenoaia NORTON COMMANDER

5.1. Iinoaiiaea caaea/e

5.2. Caaeaiea

6. Auaiae

1. Eniieueciaaiea neiaieueiuo ooieoeee.

1.1. Iinoaiiaea caaea/e.

Iaienaoue i?ia?aiio n eniieueciaaieai neiaieueiuo ooieoeee aeey
ia?aaioee oaenoa. N/eoaoue, /oi a caaeaiiii oaenoa neiaa ?acaeaeaiu
iaeiei i?iaaeii. Iiaen/eoaoue eie-ai aii?ineoaeueiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee a
caaeaiiii oaenoa e eie-ai neia a eaaeaeii ec oaeeo i?aaeeiaeaiee.

1.2. Oneiaiua iaicia/aiey.

A$ – eiy neiaieueiie ia?aiaiiie aeey caiene caaeaiiiai oaenoa.

N – ia?aiaiiay aeey caiene eiee/anoaa neiaieia a oaenoa A$.

A$(N) – iannea aeey caiene neiaieia, ec eioi?uo ninoieo oaeno A$.

C(N) – iannea aeey caiene iiia?a iiceoeee, ia eioi?ii a oaenoa
iaoiaeeony neiaie “.”

S(N) – iiia?a iiceoeee, ia eioi?ie a oaenoa A$ iaoiaeeony neiaie “?”.

D(N) – iannea cia/aiee, eiee/anoaa neiaieia a eaaeaeii ec
i?aaeeiaeaiee, ec eioi?uo ninoieo oaeno.

R$(N,N) – iannea aeey caiene neiaieia, ec eioi?uo ninoieo eaaeaeia
i?aaeeiaeaiea.

K – ia?aiaiiay aeey caiene eiee/anoaa “?” a oaenoa A$.

T – ia?aiaiiay aeey caiene eiee/anoaa “.” a oaenoa A$.

F(N) – iannea aeey caiene eiee/anoaa i?iaaeia eaaeaeiai ioaeaeueiiai
i?aaeeiaeaiey.

C$(N) – iannea aeey caiene eaaeaeiai i?aaeeiaeaiey a ioaeaeueioth
y/aeeo.

B – ia?aiaiiay aeey iiaen/aoa eiee/anoaa i?iaaeia a eaaeaeii
i?aaeeiaeaiee ioaeaeueii.

1.3. Aeie-noaia aeai?eoia ?aoaiey caaea/e.

ia/aei

A$

N = LEN(A$)

iienaiea ianneaia B$(N), C(N), S(N), D(N), R$(N, N), E(N), C$(N)

I=1, N

B$(I)=MID$(A$, I, 1)

K = 0,T = 0

I = 1, N

B$(I) = “?”

K = K + 1

S(K) = I

B$(I) = “.”

T = T + 1

C(T) = I

C(1) > S(1)

C$(1) = MID$(A$, 1, S(1))

C$(1) = MID$(A$, C(1), S(1) – C(1))

I = 2, K

C(I) > S(I)

C$(I) = MID$(A$, S(I – 1), S(I) – S(I – 1))

C$(I) = MID$(A$, C(I), S(I) – C(I))

I = 1, K

D(I) = LEN(C$(I))

I = 1, K

J = 1, D(I)

R$(I, J) = MID$(C$(I), J, 1)

I = 1, K

B = 0

J = 1, D(I)

R$(I, J) = ” ”

B = B + 1

C(1) > S(1)

E(1) + 1

E(1)

I = 2, K

E(I)

eiiaoe

1.4. I?ia?aiia.

CLS

INPUT “Aaaaeeoa oaeno”; A$

N = LEN(A$)

DIM B$(N), C(N), S(N), D(N), R$(N, N), E(N), C$(N)

FOR I = 1 TO N

B$(I) = MID$(A$, I, 1)

NEXT I

FOR I = 1 TO N

IF B$(I) = “?” THEN

K = K + 1

S(K) = I

END IF

IF B$(I) = “.” THEN

T = T + 1

C(T) = I

END IF

NEXT I

IF C(1) > S(1) THEN

C$(1) = MID$(A$, 1, S(1))

ELSE

C$(1) = MID$(A$, C(1), S(1) – C(1))

END IF

FOR I = 2 TO K

IF C(I) > S(I) THEN

C$(I) = MID$(A$, S(I – 1), S(I) – S(I – 1))

ELSE

C$(I) = MID$(A$, C(I), S(I) – C(I))

END IF

NEXT I

FOR I = 1 TO K

D(I) = LEN(C$(I))

NEXT I

FOR I = 1 TO K

FOR J = 1 TO D(I)

R$(I, J) = MID$(C$(I), J, 1)

NEXT J

NEXT I

FOR I = 1 TO K

B = 0

FOR J = 1 TO D(I)

IF R$(I, J) = ” ” THEN

B = B + 1

END IF

NEXT J

E(I) = B

NEXT I

PRINT “Eiee/anoai aii?ineoaeueiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee ?aaii”; K

IF C(1) > S(1) THEN

PRINT “Eiee/anoai ceia a 1-i aii?ineoaeueiii i?aaeeiaeaiee ?aaii”; E(1)
+ 1

ELSE

PRINT “Eiee/anoai neia a 1-i aii?ineoaeueiii i?aaeeiaeaiee ?aaii”; E(1)

END IF

FOR I = 2 TO K

PRINT “Eiee/anoai ceia a “; I; “-i aii?ineoaeueiii i?aaeeiaeaiee ?aaii”;
E(I)

NEXT I

END

1.5. Eiio?ieueiue i?eia?.

Au aeaeeoa aunieiai /aeiaaea o ieia? Yoi ecaanoiue aeoa?. Au oioeoa
iiciaeiieoueny n iei? ss aai iiiiao a yoii.

Eiee/anoai aii?ineoaeueiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee ?aaii 2.

Eiee/anoai neia a 1-i aii?ineoaeueiii i?aaeeiaeaiee ?aaii 6.

Eiee/anoai neia a 2-i aii?ineoaeueiii i?aaeeiaeaiee ?aaii 5.

2. ?aoaiea iaeeiaeiuo o?aaiaiee.

2.1. Iinoaiiaea caaea/e.

Ninoaaeoue i?ia?aiio aeey iaoiaeaeaiey ei?iy o?aaiaiey ia io?acea [0;
0,8] iaoiaeii iieiaeiiiai aeaeaiey n oi/iinoueth 0.1, 0.01, 0.001,
0.0001.

tg x – 1/3 tg 3 x + 1/5 tg 5 x – 1/3 = 0

?acoeueoaou i?aaenoaaeoue a oaaeeoea neaaeothuaai aeaea:

Iaoiae

O?aaiaiea

Io?acie

Oi/iinoue ?aoaiea (ei?aiue o?aaiaiey)

. . .

2.2. Oneiaiua iaicia/aiey.

N – ?acia?iinoue ianneaa cia/aiee oi/iinoe ?aoaiey.

E(N) – iannea cia/aiee oi/iinoe ?aoaiey.

X(N) – iannea cia/aiee ei?iae o?aaiaiey n i-ie oi/iinoueth.

A – eiy ia?aiaiiie aeey caiene eaaie a?aieoeu io?acea.

A – eiy ia?aiaiiie aeey caiene i?aaie a?aieoeu io?acea.

2.3. Aeie-noaia aeai?eoia ?aoaiey caaea/e.

ia/aei

A, B, N

iienaiea ianneaia X(N), E(N)

I=1, N

E(I)

I=1, N

A1 = A

B1 = B

Y = TAN(A1) – 1 / 3 * TAN(A1) ^ 3 + 1 / 5 * TAN(A1) ^ 5 – 1/ 3

X(I) = (A1 + B1) / 2

Z = TAN(X(I)) – 1/ 3*TAN(X(I)) ^3 + 1/ 5 * TAN(X(I)) ^ 5 – 1/ 3

Y * Z > 0

A1 = X(I)

B1 = X(I)

ABS(A1 – B1) > E(I)

I=1, N

X(I) B

E(I); “?aoaiey ia yoii eioa?aaea iao”

E(I); X(I)

eiiaoe

2.4. I?ia?aiia.

CLS

INPUT “Aaaaeeoa eaaoth a?aieoeo io?acea”; A

INPUT “Aaaaeeoa i?aaoth a?aieoeo io?acea”; B

INPUT “Aaaaeeoa /enei cia/aiee oi/iinoe”; N

DIM E(N), X(N)

FOR I = 1 TO N

PRINT “Aaaaeeoa”; I; “cia/aiea oi/iinoe”

INPUT E(I)

NEXT I

FOR I = 1 TO N

A1 = A

B1 = B

M1: Y = TAN(A1) – 1 / 3 * TAN(A1) ^ 3 + 1 / 5 * TAN(A1) ^ 5 – 1 / 3

X(I) = (A1 + B1) / 2

Z = TAN(X(I)) – 1 / 3 * TAN(X(I)) ^ 3 + 1 / 5 * TAN(X(I)) ^ 5 – 1
/ 3

IF Y * Z > 0 THEN

A1 = X(I)

ELSE B1 = X(I)

END IF

IF ABS(A1 – B1) > E(I) THEN GOTO M1

NEXT I

CLS

PRINT TAB(15); “Iaoiae”; TAB(30); “iieiaeiiiai aeaeaiey”

PRINT TAB(15); “O?aaiaiea”; TAB(30); “tg x – 1/3 tg ( x )^3 + 1/5 tg ( x
)^5 – 1/3 = 0”

PRINT TAB(15); “Io?acie”; TAB(30); “[“; A; “;”; B; “]”

PRINT

PRINT TAB(10); “Oi/iinoue”; TAB(35); “?aoaiea (ei?aiue o?aaiaiey)”

PRINT

FOR I = 1 TO N

IF X(I) B THEN

PRINT TAB(12); E(I); TAB(40); “?aoaiey ia yoii eioa?aaea iao”

ELSE

PRINT TAB(12); E(I); TAB(40); X(I)

END IF

NEXT I

END

2.5. ?acoeueoaou ?aoaiey o?aaiaiey.

Iaoiae iaoiaeii iieiaeiiiai aeaeaiey

O?aaiaiea tg x – 1/3 tg 3 x + 1/5 tg 5 x – 1/3 = 0

Io?acie [0 ; 0,8]

Oi/iinoue ?aoaiea (ei?aiue o?aaiaiey)

0.1 3.437500

0.01 3.476563

0.001 3.475586

0.0001 3.474792

3. Ia?aaioea aeaiiuo aeey iieo/aiey noaoenoe/aneeo ioeaiie.

3.1. Iinoaiiaea caaea/e.

Iaienaoue i?ia?aiio aaiaea e ia?aaioee aeaiiuo. ?ac?aaioaoue
eiio?ieueiue i?eia?, niaea?aeauee ia iaiaa 5 cia/aiee. Enoiaeiua aeaiiua
e ?acoeueoaou ?an/aoa i?aaenoaaeoue a aeaea oaaeeoeu

Ia?aaioea aeaiiuo ia?aiene ianaeaiey

Iaeanoue, e?ae Eie-ai aeeoaeae

. . .

iaoaiaoe/aneia iaeeaeaiea

aeenia?ney

eaaae?aoe/aneia ioeeiiaiea

eiyooeoeeaio aa?eaoeee

3.2. Oneiaiua iaicia/aiey.

N -eie-ai .

A$(N) – iannea iaeanoae, e?aaa.

O(N) – iannea cia/aiee eie-aa aeeoaeae i-ie iaeanoe.

M – eiy ia?aiaiiie aeey caiene iaoaiaoe/aneiai iaeeaeaiey eie-aa
aeeoaeae.

D – eiy ia?aiaiiie aeey caiene aeenia?nee eie-aa aeeoaeae.

S – eiy ia?aiaiiie aeey caiene eaaae?aoe/aneiai ioeeiiaiey eie-aa
aeeoaeae.

K – eiy ia?aiaiiie aeey caiene eiyooeoeeaioa aa?eaoeee.

3.3. Aeie-noaia aeai?eoia ?aoaiey caaea/e.

ia/aei

N

iienaiea ianneaia A$(N), O(N)

I=1, N

A$(I), O(I)

M=0

I=1, N

M=M+O(I)

M=M/N

D = 0

I=1, N

D = D +(O(I) -M) ^ 2

D=D/(N-1)

S=SQR(D)

K=S/M

M,D,S,K

eiiaoe

3.4. I?ia?aiia.

NLS

INPUT “Aaaaeeoa eiee/anoai iaeanoae, e?aaa”; N

DIM A$(N), O(N)

FOR I = 1 TO N

PRINT “Aaaaeeoa iaeanoue, e?ae”; I; “-o aeeoaeae”

INPUT A$(I)

PRINT “Aaaaeeoa eiee/anoai aeeoaeae aeey “;I;”-ai e?ay ”

INPUT O(I)

NEXT I

M = 0

FOR I = 1 TO N

M = M + O(I)

NEXT I

M = M / N

D = 0

FOR I = 1 TO N

D = D + (O(I) – M) ^ 2

NEXT I

D = D / (N – 1)

S = SQR(D)

K = S / M

CLS

PRINT TAB(15); “Ia?aaioea aeaiiuo ia?aiene ianaeaiey ”

PRINT

PRINT TAB(8); “Iaeanoue, e?ae “; TAB(40); “Eiee/anoai aeeoaeae ”

PRINT

FOR I = 1 TO N

PRINT TAB(5); A$(I); TAB(45); O(I)

NEXT I

PRINT

PRINT TAB(5); “Iao. iaeeaeaiea”; TAB(45); M

PRINT TAB(5); “Aeenia?ney”; TAB(45); D

PRINT TAB(5); “Ea. ioeeiiaiea”; TAB(45); S

PRINT TAB(5); “Eiyo. aa?eaoeee”; TAB(45); K

END

3.5. Eiio?ieueiue i?eia?.

Ia?aaioea aeaiiuo ia?aiene ianaeaiey

Iaeanoue, e?ae Eie-ai aeeoaeae

Aeaaeeie?neay 2300

Iaaaaeaineay 1000

Othiaineay 900

Iineianeay 11000

Eaaiianeay 3400

iaoaiaoe/aneia iaeeaeaiea 3720

aeenia?ney 1.7617E+07

eaaae?aoe/aneia ioeeiiaiea 4197.261

eiyooeoeeaio aa?eaoeee 1.128296

4. ?aaioa n eaoaeiaaie e oaeeaie a MS-DOS.

4.1. Iinoaiiaea caaea/e.

( ZOO

\(( ( HOME ( CLASS1

( SNOOL ((( ( CLASS2

( UNIVER ( CLASS3

4.2. Caaeaiea .

1) nicaeaiea oeacaiiiai aea?aaa eaoaeiaia.

A:\ > md ZOO

A:\ > md HOME

A:\ > md SNOOL

A:\ > md UNIVER

A:\ > cd SNOOL

A:\ SCOOL > md CLASS1

A:\ SCOOL > md CLASS2

A:\ SCOOL > md CLASS3

2) ia?aeoe a eaoaeia naiiai ieaeiaai o?iaiy, i?iniio?aoue aai
niaea?aeeiia.

A:\ > cd SCOOL\ CLASS1

A:\ SCOOL\ CLASS1> dir \

?acoeueoao:

Volume in drive A is DIANA

Volume Serial Number is 1406-2E61

Directory of A:\SCOOL\CLASS1

.

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