Niaea?aeaiea
Aiiioaoeey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Aaaaeaiea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1 Naoaaua oaoiieiaee e Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 6
2 Ineoieiai-y?aiiiie/aneea o?aaiaaiey. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 10
3 Iinoaiiaea caaea/e e auai? niiniaa aa ?aoaiey. . . . . . . . .
. . . . 13
4 Iienaiea no?oeoo?u ?aciauaiea iaoa?eaea. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 14
Caeeth/aiea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Eeoa?aoo?a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Eioa?iao aa?ney eaeoeee e eo?no “Iaoeiu e aiia?aou oeie/aneeo
i?iecaiaenoa”.
Nooaeaio a?oiiu
?oeiaiaeeoaeue
1999 aiae.
Aiiioaoeey
A aeaiiie eo?niaie auea ?aaioa ?ac?aaioaia aeia?oaenoiaay no?oeoo?a
iaeneiaeueii aeinooiiiai i?aaenoaaeaiey o/aaiiai iaoa?eaea, ii eo?no
“Iaoeiu e aiia?aou oeie/aneeo i?iecaiaenoa” /a?ac World Wide Web,
nooaeaioo eiathuaio ieieiaeueiue iiuo ?aaiou e eioa?iaoii. Oaeaea auee
?aoaiu iaeioi?ua i?iaeaiu aeenoaioeeiiiiai ia?aciaaiey.
Nenoaiiua o?aaiaaiey:
– IE iiaeeeth/aiiua e Internet, ?aaioathuee iiae oi?aaeaieai IN MS
Windows (aa?nee 9o e auoa), MS Windows NT, OS/2 (aa?nee 2.0 e auoa),
Linux (n yioeyoi?ii Windows), Sun eee Apple Macintosh;
– Internet a?aoca?: MS Internet Explorer (aa?ney 4.0 e auoa);
– Aeaeaiaaeaioa?, iiaeaea?aeeaathuee ?aaeei 800x600x256 oeaaoia;
– Aeeaeoaeca?.
?acia? naeoa ~ 6.6 Mb
Eioi?iaoeeiiiue ?acia? – 14 aeaa
Caienea eo?niaie ?aaiou auiieiaia ia ______ eenoao, niaea?aeeo ______
?enoiea, ______ oaaeeoeu.
Aaaaeaiea
Ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia eioi?iaoecaoeee iauanoaa e ?acaeoey
ia?aciaaoaeueiuo no?oeoo?, iiiaea o?aaeeoeeiiiua iaoiaeu i?aiiaeaaaiey
noaee iooiaeeoue ia caaeiee ieai onooiay ianoi iiaui iaoiaeeeai
iniiaaiiui ia eieoaoeee aeeaeiaa iao/athuaainy n i?aiiaeaaaoaeai i?e
iiiiue eiiiuethoa?ia. A oae eae oaeia iao/aiea iiaeao i?ienoiaeeoue
iaiin?aaenoaaiii a aeaee io o/aaiiai caaaaeaiey, oi aai ?aoeee iacaaoue
“aeenoaioeeiiiui ia?aciaaieai”.
Iiae oa?ieiii “aeenoaioeeiiiia ia?aciaaiea” iau/ii iiieiatho
niaieoiiinoue oaoiieiaee, ?aoathueo i?iaeaio ia?aciaaoaeueiiai i?ioeanna
n oaeaeaiiui iieueciaaoaeai. Yeaeo?iiiua aa?nee eaeoeeiiiuo eo?nia a
nenoaia aeenoaioeeiiiiai ia?aciaaiey ea?atho aaaeioth ?ieue: aeaaiaea?y
eniieueciaaieth nia?aiaiiuo eiiiuethoa?iuo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee,
iia niiniaia ?aoaoue caaea/e, naienoaaiiua eae o?aaeeoeeiiiui o/aaiui
iiniaeyi, oae e auiieiyaiua iau/ii i?aiiaeaaaoaeai. Neioac oaenoa n
aeia?nnueeaie yieoe?oy iaaeaaiae/aneee eiiieaeo, niinianoaoao
cia/eoaeueii iaeaa/eoue i?ioeann onaiaiey iaoa?eaea ii n?aaiaieth n
o?aaeeoeeiiiuie iiniaeyi.
N iianaianoiui ?ani?ino?aiaieai Internet’a “aeenoaioeeiiiia ia?aciaaiea”
auoei ia iiaue yoai naiaai ?acaeoey e iieo/eei aua iaeei
i?aiiaeaaaoaeueneee eino?oiaioa?ee. Oaia?ue noaei aiciiaeii, ii
n?aaenoaai naoaauo oaoiieiaee, i?aaieciaaoue iiiaioaeueiue aeinooi
i?aeoe/anee e ethaie eioi?iaoeee.
Oaeei ia?acii, a ianoiyuee iiiaio, eioi?iaoeeiiiue iioie
“aeenoaioeeiiiiai ia?aciaaiey” iiaeii iai?aaeoue aeaoiy ?oneaie:
yeaeo?iiiua o/aaieee ii aeenoeeieeiai i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iaai?
ioeueoeiaaeea–eo?nia (o?ieia) n aieiaoeeae e caoeiaui nii?iaiaeaeaieai,
caienaiiuo ia CD–aeenea; e yeaeo?iiiua aa?nee eaeoeeiiiuo eo?nia,
iaoiaee/aneeo e ni?aai/iuo iaoa?eaeia ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia na?aa?ao n
aeinooiii /a?ac Internet.
1. Naoaaua oaoiieiaee e Internet
Ieiei 20 eao iacaae Ieienoa?noai Iai?iiu NOA nicaeaei naoue, eioi?ay
yaeeanue i?aaeoa/ae Internet, – iia iacuaaeanue ARPAnet. ARPAnet auea
yenia?eiaioaeueiie naoueth, – iia nicaeaaaeanue aeey iiaeaea?aeee
iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee a aiaiii-i?iiuoeaiiie noa?a, – a /anoiinoe, aeey
enneaaeiaaiey iaoiaeia iino?iaiey naoae, onoie/eauo e /anoe/iui
iia?aaeaeaieyi, iieo/aaiui, iai?eia?, i?e aiiaa?aee?iaea aaeaoeeae e
niiniaiuo a oaeeo oneiaeyo i?iaeieaeaoue ii?iaeueiia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea.
Yoi o?aaiaaiea aeaao eeth/ e iiieiaieth i?eioeeiia iino?iaiey e
no?oeoo?u Internet. A iiaeaee ARPAnet anaaaea auea naycue iaaeaeo
eiiiuethoa?ii-enoi/ieeii e eiiiuethoa?ii-i?eaiieeii (noaioeeae
iacia/aiey). Naoue a priori i?aaeiieaaaeanue iaiaaeaaeiie: ethaay /anoue
naoe iiaeao en/aciooue a ethaie iiiaio.
Ia naycuaathueany eiiiuethoa?u – ia oieueei ia naio naoue – oaeaea
aiceiaeaia ioaaonoaaiiinoue iaania/eaaoue iaeaaeeaaiea e iiaeaea?aeaiea
nayce. Iniiaiie i?eioeei ninoiye a oii, /oi ethaie eiiiuethoa? iia
naycaoueny eae ?aaiue n ?aaiui n ethaui ae?oaei eiiiuethoa?ii.
Ia?aaea/a aeaiiuo a naoe auea i?aaieciaaia ia iniiaa i?ioieiea Internet
– IP. I?ioieie IP – yoi i?aaeea e iienaiea ?aaiou naoe. Yoio naiae
aeeth/aao i?aaeea iaeaaeeaaiey e iiaeaea?aeaiey nayce a naoe, i?aaeea
ia?auaiey n IP-iaeaoaie e eo ia?aaioee, iienaiey naoaauo iaeaoia
naiaenoaa IP (eo no?oeoo?a e o.i.). Naoue caaeoiuaaeanue e
i?iaeoe?iaaeanue oae, /oiau io iieueciaaoaeae ia o?aaiaaeinue ieeaeie
eioi?iaoeee i eiie?aoiie no?oeoo?a naoe. Aeey oiai, /oiau iineaoue
niiauaiea ii naoe, eiiiuethoa? aeieaeai iiianoeoue aeaiiua a iaeee
“eiiaa?o”, iacuaaaiue, iai?eia?, IP, oeacaoue ia yoii “eiiaa?oa”
eiie?aoiue aae?an a naoe e ia?aaeaoue iieo/eaoeany a ?acoeueoaoa yoeo
i?ioeaaeo? iaeaou a naoue.
Yoe ?aoaiey iiaoo iieacaoueny no?aiiuie, eae e i?aaeiieiaeaiea i
“iaiaaeaaeiie”‘ naoe, ii oaea eiathueeny iiuo iieacae, /oi aieueoeinoai
yoeo ?aoaiee aiieia ?acoiii e aa?ii. Iiea Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay I?aaiecaoeey
ii Noaiaea?oecaoeee (Organization for International Standartization –
ISO) o?aoeea aiaeu, nicaeaaay ieii/aoaeueiue noaiaea?o aeey
eiiiuethoa?iuo naoae, iieueciaaoaee aeaeaoue ia aeaeaee. Aeoeaenou
Internet ia/aee onoaiaaeeaaoue IP-i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea ia ana
aiciiaeiua oeiu eiiiuethoa?ia. Anei?a yoi noaei aaeeinoaaiiui i?eaieaiui
niiniaii aeey nayce ?acii?iaeiuo eiiiuethoa?ia. Oaeay noaia iii?aaeeanue
i?aaeoaeuenoao e oieaa?neoaoai, eioi?ua i?iaiaeyo iieeoeeo iieoiee
eiiiuethoa?ia o ?acee/iuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae. Eaaeaeue iieoiae oio
eiiiuethoa?, eioi?ue aio i?aaeeny e ai?aaa aue iaeeaeaoue, /oi niiaeao
?aaioaoue ii naoe niaianoii n ae?oaeie eiiiuethoa?aie.
I?eia?ii 10 eao nionoy iinea iiyaeaiey ARPAnet iiyaeeenue Eieaeueiua
Au/eneeoaeueiua Naoe (LAN), iai?eia?, oaeea eae Ethernet e ae?.
Iaeiia?aiaiii iiyaeeenue eiiiuethoa?u, eioi?ua noaee iacuaaoue ?aai/eie
noaioeeyie. Ia aieueoeinoaa ?aai/eo noaioeee auea onoaiiaeaia
Iia?aoeeiiiay Nenoaia UNIX. Yoa IN eiaea aiciiaeiinoue ?aaiou a naoe n
i?ioieieii Internet (IP). A nayce n aicieeiiaaieai i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo
caaea/ e iaoiaeia eo ?aoaiey iiyaeeanue iiaay iio?aaiinoue: i?aaiecaoeee
aeaeaee iiaeeeth/eoueny e ARPAnet naiae eieaeueiie naoueth. I?eia?ii a
oi aea a?aiy iiyaeeenue ae?oaea i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ua ia/aee nicaeaaaoue
naie nianoaaiiua naoe, eniieuecothuea aeeceea e IP eiiioieeaoeeiiiua
i?ioieieu. Noaei ynii, /oi ana oieueei auea?aee au, anee au yoe naoe
iiaee iauaoueny ana aianoa, aaaeue oiaaea iieueciaaoaee ec iaeiie naoe
niiaee au naycuaaoueny n iieueciaaoaeyie ae?oaie naoe.
Iaeiie ec aaaeiaeoeo n?aaee yoeo iiauo naoae auea NSFNET, ?ac?aaioaiiay
ii eieoeeaoeaa Iaoeeiiaeueiiai Iao/iiai Oiiaea (National Science
Foundation – NSF), aiaeiaa iaoaai Ieienoa?noaa Iaoee. A eiioea 80-o NSF
nicaeae iyoue noia?eiiiuethoa?iuo oeaio?ia, naeaeaa eo aeinooiiuie aeey
eniieueciaaiey a ethauo iao/iuo o/?aaeaeaieyo. Auei nicaeaii anaai eeoue
iyoue oeaio?ia iioiio, /oi iie i/aiue aei?iae aeaaea aeey aiaaoie
Aia?eee. Eiaiii iiyoiio eo e neaaeiaaei eniieueciaaoue eiiia?aoeaii.
Aicieeea i?iaeaia nayce: o?aaiaaeny niinia niaaeeieoue yoe oeaio?u e
i?aaeinoaaeoue aeinooi e iei ?acee/iui iieueciaaoaeyi. Nia/aea auea
naeaeaia iiiuoea eniieueciaaoue eiiioieeaoeee ARPAnet, ii yoi ?aoaiea
iioa?iaei e?ao, noieeioaoenue n ath?ie?aoeae iai?iiiie io?anee e
i?iaeaiie iaania/aiey ia?niiaeii.
Oiaaea NSF ?aoee iino?ieoue naith nianoaaiioth naoue, iniiaaiioth ia IP
oaoiieiaee ARPAnet. Oeaio?u auee niaaeeiaiu niaoeeaeueiuie oaeaoiiiuie
eeieyie n i?iioneiie niiniaiinoueth 56 Kbps . Iaeiaei, auei i/aaeaeii,
/oi ia noieo aeaaea e iuoaoueny niaaeeieoue ana oieaa?neoaou e
enneaaeiaaoaeueneea i?aaiecaoeee iaiin?aaenoaaiii n oeaio?aie, o.e.
i?ieiaeeoue oaeia eiee/anoai eaaaey – ia oieueei i/aiue aei?iai, ii
i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii. Iiyoiio ?aoaii auei nicaeaaaoue naoe ii
?aaeiiaeueiiio i?eioeeio. A eaaeaeie /anoe no?aiu caeioa?aniaaiiua
o/?aaeaeaiey aeieaeiu auee niaaeeieoueny ni naieie aeeaeaeoeie
ninaaeyie. Iieo/eaoeany oeaii/ee iiaeniaaeeiyeenue e noia?eiiiuethoa?o a
iaeiie ec naieo oi/ae, oaeei ia?acii noia?eiiiuethoa?iua oeaio?u auee
niaaeeiaiu aianoa. A oaeie oiiieiaee ethaie eiiiuethoa? iia naycaoueny n
ethaui ae?oaei, ia?aaeaaay niiauaiey /a?ac ninaaeae.
Yoi ?aoaiea auei oniaoiui, ii ianoaea ii?a, eiaaea naoue oaea aieaa ia
ni?aaeyeanue n aic?inoeie iio?aaiinoyie. Niaianoiia eniieueciaaiea
noia?eiiiuethoa?ia iicaieyei iiaeeeth/aiiui iaueiai eniieueciaaoue e
iiiaeanoai ae?oaeo aauae, ia ioiinyueony e noia?eiiiuethoa?ai.
Iaiaeeaeaiii oieaa?neoaou, oeieu e ae?oaea i?aaiecaoeee iniciaee, /oi
caeiaee iiae ?oeie ii?a aeaiiuo e ie? iieueciaaoaeae. Iioie niiauaiee a
naoe (o?aoee) ia?anoae ana auno?aa e auno?aa iiea, a eiioea eiioeia, ia
ia?aa?ocee oi?aaeythuea naoueth eiiiuethoa?u e naycuaathuea eo
oaeaoiiiua eeiee. A 1987 a. eiio?aeo ia oi?aaeaiea e ?acaeoea naoe aue
ia?aaeai eiiiaiee Merit Network Inc., eioi?ay caieiaeanue
ia?aciaaoaeueiie naoueth Ie/eaaia niaianoii n IBM e MCI. Noa?ay
oece/anee naoue auea caiaiaia aieaa auno?uie (i?eia?ii a 20 ?ac)
oaeaoiiiuie eeieyie. Auee caiaiaiu ia aieaa auno?ua e naoaaua
oi?aaeythuea iaoeiu.
I?ioeann niaa?oainoaiaaiey naoe eaeao iai?a?uaii. Iaeiaei, aieueoeinoai
yoeo ia?ano?iae i?ienoiaeeo iacaiaoii aeey iieueciaaoaeae. Aeeth/ea
eiiiuethoa?, au ia oaeaeeoa iauyaeaiey i oii, /oi aeeaeaeoea iieaiaea
Internet ia aoaeao aeinooiia ec-ca iiaea?iecaoeee. Aiciiaeii aeaaea
aieaa aaaeii oi, /oi ia?aa?ocea naoe e aa oniaa?oainoaiaaiea nicaeaee
c?aeoth e i?aeoe/ioth oaoiieiaeth. I?iaeaiu auee ?aoaiu, a eaeae
?acaeoey i?iaa?aiu a aeaea.
Aaaeii ioiaoeoue oi, /oi oneeey NSF ii ?acaeoeth naoe i?eaaee e oiio,
/oi ethaie aeaeathuee iiaeao iieo/eoue aeinooi e naoe. I?aaeaea Internet
auea aeinooiia oieueei aeey enneaaeiaaoaeae a iaeanoe eioi?iaoeee,
ainoaea?noaaiiui neoaeauei e iiae?yae/eeai. NSF niinianoaiaae anaiauae
aeinooiiinoe Internet ii eeiee ia?aciaaiey, aeeaaeuaay aeaiueae a
iiaeniaaeeiaiea o/aaiiai caaaaeaiey e naoe, oieueei anee oi, a naith
i/a?aaeue, eiaei ieaiu ?ani?ino?aiyoue aeinooi aeaeaa ii ie?oaa. Oaeei
ia?acii, eaaeaeue nooaeaio /aou?aoeaoiaai eieeaaeaea iia noaoue
iieueciaaoaeai Internet.
E iio?aaiinoe i?iaeieaeatho ?anoe. Aieueoeinoai oaeeo eieeaaeaeae ia
Caiaaea oaea iiaeniaaeeiaii e Internet, i?aaei?eieiathony iiiuoee
iiaeeeth/eoue e yoiio i?ioeanno n?aaeiea e ia/aeueiua oeieu. Auioneieee
eieeaaeaeae i?ae?anii inaaaeiieaiu i i?aeiouanoaao Internet e
?anneacuaatho i ieo naiei ?aaioiaeaoaeyi. Any yoa aeayoaeueiinoue
i?eaiaeeo e iai?a?uaiiio ?inoo naoe, e aicieeiiaaieth e ?aoaieth i?iaeai
yoiai ?inoa, ?acaeoeth oaoiieiaee e nenoaiu aaciianiinoe naoe.
Internet, WWW (World Wide Web, Anaie?iay iaooeia), intranet, extranet –
ana yoe aaue e a aeaeiaie aeecie, e a iaeoiaea noaiiayony noieue aea
i?eau/iuie, eae e oaeaoii. Aan/eneaiiia iiiaeanoai oaoiieiaee, aucaaiiuo
e aeecie eo ?ani?ino?aiaieai, i?i/ii aoiaeeo a iao auo, eciaiyy iao
ia?ac iunee e aeayoaeueiinoe. Iaeii ec iiaaeoeo iai?aaeaiee – naoe
intranet, aioo?eei?ii?aoeaiua naoe, iino?iaiiua n eniieueciaaieai
Internet – oaoiieiaee ( oaea naii oniaei aeaoue iioiinoai a aeaea
extranet, naoae, ia?acoaiuo ianeieueeeie naycaiiuie naoyie intranet aeey
iaania/aiey niaianoiiai aeinooia e eioi?iaoeee. Iiaeii oieueei aaaeaoue,
/oi aoaeao aeaeueoa.
Iniiaie Internet’a yaeyaony aeia?oaeno, iiyoiio niaoeeaeueii aeey yoiai
aue ?ac?aaioai ycue aai ?aciauaiey – HTML (Hyper Text Mark-Up Language,
sscue ?aciaoee aeia?oaenoa).
sscue HTML nouanoaoao a ianeieueeeo aa?eaioao e i?iaeieaeaao
?acaeaaoueny, ii eiino?oeoeee HTML aa?iyoiaa anaai aoaeoo
eniieueciaaoueny e a aeaeueiaeoai. Eco/ay HTML e iiciaaay aai aeoaaea,
nicaeaaay aeieoiaio a ia/aea eco/aiey HTML e ?anoe?yy aai ianeieueei yoi
aiciiaeii, iu niiaeai nicaeaaaoue aeieoiaiou, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue
i?iniio?aiu iiiaeie a?aoca?aie Web, eae nae/an, oae e a aoaeouai. Yoi ia
eneeth/aao aiciiaeiinoe eniieueciaaiey ae?oaeo iaoiaeia, iai?eia?,
iaoiae ?anoe?aiiuo aiciiaeiinoae, i?aaeinoaaeyaiue Netscape Navigator,
Internet Explorer eee iaeioi?uie ae?oaeie i?ia?aiiaie.
2. Ineoieiai-y?aiiiie/aneea o?aaiaaiey
Iiaua aiciiaeiinoe aucuaatho ?acaeoea iiauo naienoa i?ia?aiiiiai
iaania/aiey, iniaaiii oi?i iauaiey /aeiaaea n YAI. Iaiaoiaeeii
iaania/eoue ineoieiae/aneoth anoanoaaiiinoue aeayoaeueiinoe
iieueciaaoaey n YAI, aaeaeaaoiinoue i?ia?aiiu oeaeyi e ooieoeeyi
iao/aiey, oaeianoai ?aaiou iieueciaaoaey n YAI e nio?aiaiea aai
caei?iauey. Ineoieiyeueiinoue e y?aiiiie/iinoue yaeythony iaeieie ec
aaaeiaeoeo oa?aeoa?enoee ea/anoaa IN (i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa), Oe?iei
i?iiaaaiaee?oaiay e a ianoiyuaa a?aiy «ae?oaeanoaaiiinoue i?ia?aiiiiai
iaania/aiey» eae ?ac e i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea ineoieiai-y?aiiiie/aneie
iiaeaea?aeee ?ac?aaioee i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa.
I?eiaiaiea IN ?annoaaeyao iniaua aeoeaiou iaaeaeo ineoieiae/aneie e
y?aiiiie/aneie iiaeaea?aeeie aeeaeaeoe/aneeo oeaeae. Ineoieiae/aneay
anoanoaaiiinoue a niioaaonoaee n aic?anoiuie aiciiaeiinoyie
iieueciaaoaey oaniaeoei ia?acii naycaia n iaania/aieai oaeeo,
y?aiiiie/aneeo o?aaiaaiee, eae aini?eieiaaiinoue eioi?iaoeee, auaeaeaiea
iniauo cii aeey iniaaiiie eioi?iaoeee e o. i. Eae ioia/aao A. N. Oeaeoei
ethaay ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey aeeth/aao a naay caaea/o
i?iaeoe?iaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe aoaeouaai iieueciaaoaey nicaeaaaaiie
nenoaiu. A i?aeoeea aaoiiaoecaoeee aii?inu i?iaeoe?iaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe
aoaeouaai iieueciaaoaey iau/ii ?aoathony noeoeeii, a eo/oai neo/aa ia
iniiaa iiuoa aaoi?ia nenoaiii-oaoie/aneiai iaania/aiey, a /aua anaai
enoiaey ec neo/aeiuo niia?aaeaiee. Aieaa oiai, i?iaeo aeayoaeueiinoe
iieueciaaoaey ia aoiaeeo a ninoaa aeieoiaioaoeee ia aaoiiaoece?iaaiioth
nenoaio, ia yaeyaony caeii/aiiui i?iaeoeoii aa ?ac?aaioee. E eae
neaaenoaea ionoonoaotho ineoieiae/anee e y?aiiiie/anee iainiiaaiiua
?aoaiey ii oaeei aaaeiui aii?inai, eae ii?aaeaeaiea eeanna ?aoaaiuo
iieueciaaoaeai caaea/, i?iaeoe?iaaiea ycuea aai acaeiiaeaenoaey n YAI,
auai? aeaea aeeaeiaa, ?ac?aaioea aeenieaeiuo oi?iaoia, /oi i?eaiaeeo,
eae i?aaeei, e ieceie iioeaaoeee o iieueciaaoaeae i?e ?aoaiee caaea/ n
i?eiaiaieai YAI, e nieaeaieth yooaeoeaiinoe eo aeayoaeueiinoe,
iiauoaiiie ooiieyaiinoe, e aicieeiiaaieth o?oaeiinoae a inaiaiee
n?aaenoa au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee.
Aue i?aaeeiaeai i?iaeoiue i?ia?aiiii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneee iiaeoiae e
nicaeaieth ineoieiai-y?aiiiie/aneiai iaania/aiey oaoie/aneeo e
i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa aeayoaeueiinoe iieueciaaoaey. Ia/aeueiue yoai
?ac?aaioee i?iaeoa aeayoaeueiinoe iieueciaaoaey YAI aeeth/aao
neaaeothuea i?iaeoiua, nenoaiioaoie/aneea, ineoieiae/aneea e
y?aiiiie/aneea iiiaiou:
– nenoaiii – ineoieiae/aneoth oa?aeoa?enoeee iieueciaaoaey;
– eiaeei-ineoieiae/aneia iienaiea eeanna ?aoaaiuo n iiiiuueth IN caaea/;
– ia?a/aiue i?ia?aiiiuo iiaeaea?aeae iniiaiuo noaiaea?oiuo i?ioeaaeo?
?aoaiey oeacaiiuo caaea/;
– iienaiea no?oeoo?u eiiiuethoa?ece?iaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, aeeth/athuaa
oa aeaenoaey, i?ioeaaeo?u, n?aaenoaa ?aaeecaoeee, yooaeoeaiua no?aoaaee
inouanoaeaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee.
Neaaeoao o/eouaaoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua ?acee/ey iieueciaaoaeae, a
/anoiinoe i?aaeoniao?eaaoue aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee
?acee/iie noaiaie iiae?iaiinoe.
I?e auai?a oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee ia ye?aia eiiiuethoa?a
iaiaoiaeeii enoiaeeoue ia oieueei ec niaea?aeaiey o/aaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, ii e ec oao aiciiaeiinoae, eioi?ua i?aaeinoaaeyao
eiiiuethoa? aeey: ?aaeecaoeee yooaeoeaiuo no?aoaaee ?aoaiey e
aeinoeaeaiey oaeeo oeaeae, eioi?ua i?e «?o/iie» oaoiieiaee ieacuaathony
iaaeinoeaeeiuie.
A nayce n iniaui ?eoiii iauaiey /aeiaaea n YAI iniaoth ?ieue i?eia?aoaao
i?iaeaia iiieiaiey oaenoia. Yoi eanaaony ia oieueei iiieiaiey oaenoia
i?ia?aii, ii e iiieiaiey oao oaenoia, eioi?ua i?aaeuyaeythony
iieueciaaoaeth ia ye?aia eiiiuethoa?a. Iaiaoiaeeii enneaaeiaaoue, eae
i?eia?aoathony iiaua iaauee e oiaiey i?e eniieueciaaiee oaeiai iiaiai
n?aaenoaa, eae eiiiuethoa?.
I?e ?ac?aaioea IN y?aiiiie/aneea o?aaiaaiey iiaoo auoue i?aaenoaaeaiu e
i?ioeaaeo?a acaeiiaeaenoaey iieueciaaoaey n YAI; aeaeai aeeaeiaa
iieueciaaoaey n YAI; i?iaeoe?iaaieth aeenieaeiuo oi?iaoia; eiio?ieth
ioeaie iieueciaaoaey; a?aiaiiui ia?aiao?ai aeeaeiaa iieueciaaoaey n YAI;
i?aaiecaoeee eioi?iaoeee ia ye?aia; eiaee?iaaieth eioi?iaoeee ia ye?aia;
ycueai acaeiiaeaenoaey iieueciaaoaey YAI.
Iiaeii auaeaeeoue oeaeue ?yae y?aiiiie/aneeo o?aaiaaiee e i?aaiecaoeee
eioi?iaoeee ia. ye?aia:
– eioi?iaoeey, i?aaeuyaeyaiay ia ye?aia, aeieaeia auoue iiiyoiie.,
eiae/anee nayciie, ?ani?aaeaeaiiie ia a?oiiu ii niaea?aeaieth e
ooieoeeiiaeueiiio iacia/aieth;
– i?e i?aaiecaoeee eioi?iaoeee ia ye?aia neaaeoao ecaaaaoue ecauoi/iiai
eiaee?iaaiey e iaii?aaaeaiiuo, ieioi eaeaioeoeoee?oaiuo nie?auaiee;
– ?aeiiaiaeoaony ieieiece?iaaoue ia ye?aia eniieueciaaiea oa?ieiia,
ioiinyueony e YAI, aianoi oa?ieiia, i?eau/iuo aeey iieueciaaoaey;
– ia neaaeoao aeey i?aaenoaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee eniieueciaaoue e?aaaua
ciiu ye?aia;
– ia ye?aia aeieaeia iaoiaeeoueny oieueei oa eioi?iaoeey, eioi?ay
ia?aaaouaaaony iieueciaaoaeai a aeaiiue iiiaio.
A nia?aiaiiuo i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoaao eniieuecoaony ?yae i?eaiia aeey
auaeaeaiey /anoe eioi?iaoeee ia ye?aia: ia?ano?oeoo?e?iaaiea eioi?iaoeee
e auaeaeaiea cii, ieii aeey auaeaeyaiie /anoe eioi?iaoeee, a oaeaea
eiaa?niia ecia?aaeaiea aeey /anoe eioi?iaoeee e ?acee/iua yooaeou,
i?eaeaeathuea aieiaiea iieueciaaoaeae (iaeueeaiea e ae?.).
Eniieueciaaiea yoeo i?eaiia aeieaeii auoue ineoieiae/anee iainiiaaii
iniaaiii aeey IN, ooieoeeiiaeueii iaoneiaeaii e y?aiiiie/ii.
?aeiiaiaeoaony: aii?inii-ioaaoiua niiauaiey e iiaeneacee iiiauaoue a
aa?oiae /anoe ye?aia, auaeaeyy yaiui ia?acii ioaaaeaiioth aeey yoiai
ciio, iai?eia? ioaeaeyy aa ai?eciioaeueiie eeieae io iniiaiie
eioi?iaoeee ia ye?aia; ?acee/iua aeaeu niiauaiey iaiaoiaeeii ioaeaeyoue
ae?oa io ae?oaa, a ciia aniiiiaaoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee. Iai?eia?, iiaeii
?aeiiaiaeiaaoue i?eiaiyoue eiaa?niia ecia?aaeaiea aeey iiaeneacie; ciiu
?aciauaiey ia ye?aia aniiiiaaoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee aeieaeiu auoue /aoei
eaeaioeoeoee?oaiu – ciia iiaeneacie, ciia eiiiaioa?eaa, ciia
oi?aaeythueo niiauaiee, ciia aeey niiauaiee ia ioeaeao; i?e ciie?iaaiee
ye?aia aeiioneaaony eciaiaiea ianooaaa ciaeia a ioaeaeueiie ciia;
yooaeou, i?eaeaeathuea aieiaiea iieueciaaoaey IYAI (iaeueeaiea,
iiauoaiiay y?einoue, ia?aoiue eiio?ano), neaaeoao i?eiaiyoue no?iai a
niioaaonoaee n i?iaeoii aeayoaeueiinoe iieueciaaoaey, oieueei a oao
neo/ayo, eiaaea, yoi iaiaoiaeeii e ineoieiae/anee iainiiaaii.
3. Iinoaiiaea caaea/e e auai? niiniaa aa ?aoaiey
Caaea/ae eo?niaie ?aaiou yaeyeanue ?ac?aaioea eioa?iao aa?nee eaeoeee e
eo?no “Iaoeiu e aiia?aou oeie/aneeo i?iecaiaenoa” iie?aynue ia aioiaoth
e i?eiaiyaioth a iao/aiee iieea?aoe/aneoth aa?neth.
Iiae neiaaie “eioa?iao aa?ney” iaiaoiaeeii iiieiaoue, /oi
?acoeueoe?othuae oi?iie ?ac?aaaouaaaiiai yeaeo?iiiiai o/aaiiai iiniaey,
aoaeao eioa?iao naeo ioaa/athuee anai o?aaiaaieyi i?aaeuyaeyaiui
naoaauie, e a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, eioa?iao oaoiieiaeyie.
?ac?aaioeo eioa?iao aa?nee eaeoeee e eo?no “Iaoeiu e aiia?aou oeie/aneeo
i?iecaiaenoa” auei ?aoaii inouanoaeyoue ia ycuea ?aciauaiey aeia?oaenoa
HTML, a a ea/anoaa aecoaeueiiai ?aaeaeoi?a ycuea HTML aue aua?ai
i?ia?aiiiue i?iaeoeo Microsotf FrontPage, eioi?ue yieoe?oy ieii
a?aoca?a iicaieyao aeiaeoueny iaeneiaeueii oaeiaiiai e aa?iiie/iiai
?aciauaiey o/aaiiai iaoa?eaea ia ye?aia eiiiuethoa?a.
4. Iienaiea no?oeoo?u ?aciauaiea iaoa?eaea
Eae a iieea?aoe/aneie oae e a eioa?iao aa?nee eaeoeeiiiiai eo?na, aanue
o/aaiue iaoa?eae i?aaenoaaeai a oanoiaaeoeaoe aeaaao:
Aaaaeaiea
Aeaaa 1 Ia?aiaoeaathuea ono?ienoaa
Aeaaa 2 Oieioiaiey
Aeaaa 3 Oeeueo?u
Aeaaa 4 Oeaio?eooae
Aeaaa 5 *a?ay/iua iaoeiu
Aeaaa 6 Aaeeiaua iaoeiu
Aeaaa 7 E?enoaeeecaoi?u
Aeaaa 8 A?aioeyoi?u
Aeaaa 9 Oaieiiaiaiiay aiia?aoo?a
Aeaaa 10 Eieiiiay aiia?aoo?a
Aeaaa 11 Nooeeee
Aeaaa 12 ?aaeoi?u
Aeaaa 13 O?oaii?iaiaeu
Aeaaa 14 Ni?aai/iue iaoa?eae
Aeaaa 15 Enoi?ey e ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey IAOI
Naeo eaoaae?u OI e IO, ?acaeae InterNet iao/aiea
nnueea: Eioa?iao aa?ney eaeoeee e eo?no
“Iaoeiu e aiia?aou oeie/aneeo i?iecaiaenoa”
Oeooeueiay no?aieoea eaeoeeiiiiai eo?na
Aaaaeaiea Aeaaa 1 Aeaaa 2 . . . Aeaaa 15
1.1 1.2 … 1.o
1.1.1 1.1.2 … 1.1.o
?enoiie 1- noaia ?aciauaiey eaeoeeiiiiai iaoa?eaea
Ia naeoa eaoaae?u OI e IO a ?acaeae InterNet iao/aiea ?aciauaia nnueea
ia eioa?iao aa?neth eaeoeee e eo?no “Iaoeiu e aiia?aou oeie/aneeo
i?iecaiaenoa”, iaaeaa ia eioi?oth, iieueciaaoaeue iiiaaeaao ia
oeooeueioth (ia?aoth) no?aieoeo eaeoeeiiiiai eo?na. I?ieaey aeaeueoa, ii
iiiaaeaao ia no?aieoeo aaea inouanoaeyaony auai? eioa?anothuae aai
aeaau, eioi?ua, ia yoie no?aieoea iaicia/aiu eae a neiaaniie oi?ia –
aeey oi/iinoe, oae e a a?aoe/aneie – aeey iaaeyaeiinoe.
Aua?aa aeaao, ia?aae iao/athuainy ioe?uaaaony neaaeothuaa ieii, eioi?ia
?acaeoi ia o?e /anoe:
– aa?oiyy (iinoiyiiay), i?e iiiiue nnueie, eioi?ua ia iae ?aciauaiu,
iiaeii aa?iooueny e auai?u aeaau, ia oeooeueioth no?aieoeo eee
ioi?aaeoueny ia na?aa? OAOO, a aeaa e?aeiea nnueee (iacaae e aia?aae)
iicaieytho iiaoi?youe ia?aiauaiea iieueciaaoaey ii eaeoeeiiiiio eo?no a
iaieo iai?aaeaieyo;
– eaaay (niaea?aeaiea aeaa), ia iae i?aaenoaaeaii aeaeueiaeoaa,
aeaoaeueiia ?acaeaiea aeaa aeey iaeneiaeueiie eieaeecaoeee iaiaoiaeeiiai
iaoa?eaea;
– i?aaay – iaeaaeaao naiie aieueoie /anoueth ye?aia oae eae ia iae
iaiin?aaenoaaiii e ioia?aaeaaony o/aaiue iaoa?eae.
No?aieoeu eioi?ua ioia?aaeathony a i?aaie /anoe yaeythony, ii nooe
aeaea, oeiaeueiuie a iienea eiie?aoiie /anoe eaeoeeiiiiai eo?na, ii e
iie iiaoo niaea?aeaoue nnueee. Nnueeaie iaeaaeatho iao/iua oa?ieiu,
oeacaoaee ?enoieia e oi?ioe, a oii neo/aa anee iie ionoonoaotho ia
aeaiiie no?aieoea.
Caeeth/aiea
Aeaiiay oaia auea aua?aia ii ianeieueeei i?e/eiai. Iaeia ec naiuo
nouanoaaiiuo caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ca anaie?iie eiiiuethoa?iie naoueth
Internet aoaeouaa. E ethaie /aeiaae niciaao, /oi ciaiea Internet
iaiaoiaeeii e aio. Ii oae eae eioi?iaoeee a naoe aeinoaoi/ii aieueoia
eiee/anoai e iia «?aca?inaia» ii ia?iiiiio eiee/anoao na?aa?ia,
iaiaoiaeeii oiaoue e ciaoue eae aa iaoiaeeoue.
Oeaeue iiae eo?niaie ?aaiou – nicaeaiea no?aie/ee ia ycuea
i?ia?aiie?iaaiey HTML aeey oiai, /oiau iieueciaaoaee eioa?anothueany
eo?nii “Iaoeiu e aiia?aou oeie/aneeo i?iecaiaenoa” iiaee
aani?aiyonoaaiii iieo/aoue iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth ii aeaiiie oaia.
A eo?niaoth ?aaioo aioae iaoa?eae iiiia?aoee e.o.i. aeioeaioa A.E.
Eaiioueaaie – i?aiiaeaaaoaey Oaiaianeiai Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Oaoie/aneiai
Oieaa?neoaoa eaoaae?u Oaoiieiae/aneia Iai?oaeiaaiea e I?ia?anneaiua
Oaoiieiaee.
Eeoa?aoo?a
1. E. Eaooi, A. Iieiineee. Ioeoeeaeueiia ?oeiaiaenoai Microsoft ii
FrontPage, 1998, 300 n.
Eo?niaay ?aaioa
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