Iaci? ?aaeiiaeueiiai ?uiea aooaaeoa?neeo i?ia?aii.
Oioeia O.A.
Y-2-2
Yeaiaiou eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaiu
A iaaaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaia aaaeaiey aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa ia?aaioea
aeaiiuo i oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeeyo eaaei i?ineaaeeaaaony e iau/ii
nii?iaiaeaeaaony aeieoiaioaie ia aoiaaeiii iineoaea eioi?iaoeee –
?anii?yaeaieyie, ii?o/aieyie, n/aoaie e o/aoiuie ?aaeno?aie, iai?eia?
aaneiia/iuie aeo?iaeaie o/aoa IIC. Aiaeiae/iua aeieoiaiou /anoi
eniieuecothony e a eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaia, ii ai iiiaeo neo/ayo iie
nouanoaotho oieueei a yeaeo?iiiie oi?ia. Aieaa oiai, iniiaiua o/aoiua
aeieoiaiou ( aooaaeoa?neea eieae e aeo?iaeu ) a eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaia
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa i?aaenoaaeytho niaie oaeeu aeaiiuo, i?i/eoaoue eee
eciaieoue eioi?ua aac eiiiuethoa?a ia aiciiaeii.
Eiiiuethoa?iay nenoaia aeeth/aao a naay neaaeothuea yeaiaiou.
1. Aiia?aoiua n?aaenoaa. E iei ioiinyony: iai?oaeiaaiea e ono?ienoaa, ec
eioi?uo ninoieo eiiiuethoa?, a /anoiinoe oeaio?aeueiue i?ioeanni?,
iioe/aneea n/eouaathuea ono?ienoaa, iaeiieoaee ia iaaieoiie eaioa,
aeeneiaiaeu, i?eioa?u, oa?ieiaeu e o.i.
2. I?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa.
a) Nenoaiiua i?ia?aiiu. E yoei i?ia?aiiai, auiieiythuei iauea ooieoeee,
iau/ii ioiinyo iia?aoeeiiiua nenoaiu, eioi?ua oi?aaeytho aiia?aoiuie
n?aaenoaaie e ?ani?aaeaeytho eo ?ano?nu aeey iaeneiaeueii yooaeoeaiiai
eniieueciaaiey, nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey aacaie aeaiiuo (NOAAe),
iaania/eaathuea auiieiaiea noaiaea?oiuo ooieoeee ii ia?aaioea aeaiiuo, e
na?aeniua i?ia?aiiu, eioi?ua auiieiytho a eiiiuethoa?a iniiaiua
iia?aoeee, iai?eia? ni?oe?iaeo caienae. Nenoaiiua i?ia?aiiu iau/ii
?ac?aaaouaatho iinoaaueee aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa eee oe?iu,
niaoeeaeece?othueany a iaeanoe i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey, e
iiaeeoeoee?otho n o/aoii eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo o?aaiaaiee.
a) I?eeeaaeiua ( iieueciaaoaeueneea ) i?ia?aiiu – yoi iaai?u iaoeiiuo
eiiaiae aeey ia?aaioee aeaiiuo, eioi?ua i?aaiecaoeey–iieueciaaoaeue
?ac?aaaouaaao naiinoiyoaeueii eee i?eia?aoaao o aiaoiaai iinoaaueea.
3. Aeieoiaioaoeey – iienaiea nenoaiu e no?oeoo?u oi?aaeaiey
i?eiaieoaeueii e aaiaeo, ia?aaioea e auaiaeo aeaiiuo, ia?aaioea
niiauaiee, eiae/aneei e ae?oaei eiiaiaeai.
4. Ia?niiae – ?aaioieee, eioi?ua oi?aaeytho nenoaiie, i?iaeoe?otho aa e
niaaaeatho i?ia?aiiaie, yenieoaoe?otho e eiio?iee?otho nenoaio ia?aaioee
aeaiiuo.
5. Aeaiiua – naaaeaiey i oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeeyo e ae?oaay iaiaoiaeeiay
eioi?iaoeey, eioi?oth aaiaeyo, o?aiyo e ia?aaaouaatho a nenoaia.
6. I?ioeaaeo?u eiio?iey – I?ioeaaeo?u, iaania/eaathuea niioaaonoaothuoth
caienue iia?aoeee, i?aaeoi?aaeaeathuea eee ?aaeno?e?othuea ioeaee.
Iniaaiiinoe eiiiuethoa?iie ia?aaioee aeaiiuo
Niinia ia?aaioee oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee i?e aaaeaiee aooaaeoa?neiai
o/aoa ieacuaaao nouanoaaiiia aeeyiea ia i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o
oe?iu, a oaeaea ia i?ioeaaeo?u e iaoiaeu aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey.
Eiiiuethoa?iay oaoiieiaey oa?aeoa?ecoaony ?yaeii iniaaiiinoae, eioi?ua
neaaeoao o/eouaaoue i?e ioeaiea oneiaee e i?ioeaaeo? eiio?iey. Ieaea
i?eaaaeaiu ioee/ey eiiiuethoa?iie ia?aaioee aeaiiuo io
iaaaoiiaoece?iaaiiie.
Aaeeiiia?aciia auiieiaiea iia?aoeee. Eiiiuethoa?iay ia?aaioea
i?aaeiieaaaao eniieueciaaiea iaeieo e oao aea eiiaiae i?e auiieiaiee
eaeaioe/iuo iia?aoeee aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa, /oi i?aeoe/anee eneeth/aao
iiyaeaieth neo/aeiuo ioeaie, iaueiiaaiii i?enoueo ?o/iie ia?aaioea.
Iai?ioea, i?ia?aiiiua ioeaee ( eee ae?oaea nenoaiaoe/aneea ioeaee a
aiia?aoiuo eeai i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoaao ) i?eaiaeyo e iai?aaeeueiie
ia?aaioea anao eaeaioe/iuo iia?aoeee i?e iaeeiaeiauo oneiaeyo.
?acaeaeaiea ooieoeee. Eiiiuethoa?iay nenoaia iiaeao inouanoaeoue
iiiaeanoai i?ioeaaeo? aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey, eioi?ua a
iaaaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo nenoaiao auiieiytho ?aciua niaoeeaeenou. Oaeay
neooaoeey inoaaeyao niaoeeaeenoai, eiathuei aeinooi e eiiiuethoa?o,
aiciiaeiinoue aiaoaoaeuenoaa a ae?oaea ooieoeee. A eoiaa eiiiuethoa?iua
nenoaiu iiaoo iio?aaiaaoue aaaaeaiey aeiiieieoaeueiuo ia? aeey
iiaeaea?aeaiey eiio?iey ia iaiaoiaeeiii o?iaia, eioi?ue a
iaaaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo nenoaiao aeinoeaaaony i?inoui ?acaeaeaieai
ooieoeee. E iiaeiaiui ia?ai iiaeao ioiineony nenoaia ia?ieae, eioi?ua
i?aaeioa?auatho aeaenoaey, ia aeiionoeiua ni noi?iiu niaoeeaeenoia,
eiathueo aeinooi e eioi?iaoeee ia aeoeaao e o/aoiuo aeieoiaioao /a?ac
oa?ieiae a aeeaeiaiaii ?aaeeia.
Iioaioeeaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe iiyaeaiey ioeaie e iaoi/iinoae. Ii
n?aaiaieth n iaaaoiiaoece?iaaiiuie nenoaiaie aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa
eiiiuethoa?iua nenoaiu aieaa ioe?uou aeey ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai
aeinooia, aeeth/ay eeoe, inouanoaeythueo eiio?ieue. Iie oaeaea ioe?uou
aeey ne?uoiai eciaiaiey aeaiiuo e i?yiiai eee einaaiiiai iieo/aiey
eioi?iaoeee ia aeoeaao. *ai iaiueoa /aeiaae aiaoeaaaony a iaoeiioth
ia?aaioeo iia?aoeee o/aoa, oai ieaea aiciiaeiinoue auyaeaiey ioeaie e
iaoi/iinoae. Ioeaee, aeiiouaiiua i?e ?ac?aaioea eee ei??aeoe?iaea
i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii, iiaoo inoaaaoueny iacaia/aiiuie ia i?ioyaeaiee
aeeeoaeueiiai ia?eiaea.
Iioaioeeaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe oneeaiey eiio?iey ni noi?iiu
aaeieieno?aoeee. Eiiiuethoa?iua nenoaiu aeatho a ?oee aaeieieno?aoeee
oe?ieee iaai? aiaeeoe/aneeo n?aaenoa, iicaieythueo ioeaieaaoue e
eiio?iee?iaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue oe?iu. Iaee/ea aeiiieieoaeueiiai
eino?oiaioa?ey iaania/eaaao oe?aieaiea nenoaiu aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey a
oeaeii e, oaeei ia?acii, nieaeaiea ?enea aai iayooaeoeaiinoe. Oae,
?acoeueoaou iau/iiai niiinoaaeaiey oaeoe/aneeo cia/aiee eiyooeoeeaioa
ecaea?aeae n ieaiiauie, a oaeaea naa?ee n/aoia iinooiatho e
aaeieieno?aoeee aieaa ?aaoey?ii i?e eiiiuethoa?iie ia?aaioea
eioi?iaoeee. E?iia oiai, iaeioi?ua i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu iaeaieeaatho
noaoenoe/aneoth eioi?iaoeeth i ?aaioa eiiiuethoa?a, eioi?oth iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue a oeaeyo eiio?iey oaeoe/aneiai oiaea ia?aaioee iia?aoeee
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.
Eieoeee?iaaiea auiieiaiey iia?aoeee a eiiiuethoa?a. Eiiiuethoa?iay
nenoaia iiaeao auiieiyoue iaeioi?ua iia?aoeee aaoiiaoe/anee, i?e/ai eo
naieoeeiie?iaaiea ia iaycaoaeueii aeieoiaioe?oaony, eae yoi aeaeaaony a
iaaaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo nenoaiao aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa, iineieueeo nai oaeo
i?eiyoey oaeie nenoaiu a yenieoaoaoeeth aaeieieno?aoeeae i?aaeiieaaaao a
iayaiii aeaea iaee/ea niioaaonoaothueo naieoeee.
A aeaiiii oaenoa aoaeao ?anniio?ai oaeie yeaiaio eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaiu,
eae i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa.( A iaoai neo/aa – aooaaeoa?neea
i?ia?aiiu )
Ia oaeouee iiiaio ?aaeiiaeueiue ?uiie i?aaenoaaeai aeiaieueii aieueoei
eiee/anoaii nenoai aaaeaiey aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.
Aio eeoue ianeieueei ec ieo, oa eioi?ua auee i?aaenoaaeaiu ia aunoaaea
“Aooaaeoa?ey – 95” :
— Oieei ; AI “Oeaio? yeiiiie/aneeo eiiiuethoa?iuo i?ia?aii OIEEI”
— EIOI-Aooaaeoa? ; OII “Eioi?iaoee”
— Eioei-aooaaeoa?ey ; Aoaeeoi?neay eiiiaiey “Eioei”
— Noia?iaiaeaea?” ; Oe?ia “Eaien”
— AUBI ; Oe?ia “I’no?ei”
— ABACUS ; AI “IIAAA”
— 1N Aooaaeoa?ey
e o.ae.
A aeaiiii ?aoa?aoa aoaeoo e?aoei ?anniio?aiu ii/oe ana i?iaeoeou.
Iiae?iaii aoaeoo ?anniio?aiu eeoue aeaa ec ieo. Yoi oaeea nenoaiu, eae
AUBI e 1N (aeey Windows).
1N – Eae iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiue i?ia?aiiiue i?iaeoeo.
AUBI – Eae iaeaieaa oaeiaiay nenoaia aooo/aoa e aiciiaeiinoe aiaeeca.
Noia?Iaiaeaea?
Iiiaiaaethoiay nenoaia, i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey aaoiiaoecaoeee
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa ia i?aaei?eyoeyo neiaeiie no?oeoo?u ?acee/iuo oi?i
nianoaaiiinoe.
?aaioa a ?acee/iuo eiiiuethoa?iuo naoyo e ia eiiiuethoa?ao IBM e
Macintosh.
Nenoaia aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa iicaieyao iia?e?iaaoue neaaeothueie
iia?aoeeyie:
aiaeeoe/aneee e neioaoe/aneee o/ao
aaoiiaoe/aneee o/ao eo?niaie ?acieoeu
i?eaaaeaiea o/aoiuo aeaiiuo e ethaie iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethoa
aaaeaiea aeo?iaeia-i?aea?ia, aeaaiie eieae e aaeaina a ethaie aaethoa e
naiaeii ii yeaeaaeaioo
aeaeee ieai n/aoia, o/eouaathuee ana eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua iniaaiiinoe
oi?ie?iaaiea neiaeiuo i?iaiaeie
eiinieeaeaoeey aeaiiuo ?acee/iuo i?aaiecaoeee e oeeeaeia
Aa?nee i?ia?aii aeey DOS, WINDOWS e Macintosh.
EIOI – Aooaaeoa?
A ethaie iiiaio aeey Aan aioiau :
aaeain ni anaie i?eeiaeaieyie
iai?ioiay aaaeiiinoue
aeaaiay eieaa
aaaeiiinoe aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa ii n/aoai
aeo?iaeu i?aea?a e aaaeiiinoe e iei, oaoiaoea
?aciiia?aciua aaaeiiinoe e ni?aaee
aiaeec oeiainiaie aeayoaeueiinoe n iino?iaieai a?aoeeia e aeeaa?aii
Aai aeinoaoi/ii aaanoe oicyenoaaiiua iia?aoeee –
ana inoaeueiia i?ia?aiia naeaeaao naia
OIEEI
aaaeaiea aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa ethaiai /enea i?aaei?eyoee ia iaeiii
eiiiuethoa?a n aiciiaeiinoueth iieo/aiey naiaeiiai aeaiea ianeieueeeo
i?aaei?eyoee.
iiae?iaiue oeiainiaue aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee ii eioi?ui
aaaeaony aooaaeoa?ey
o/ao aeaeaeaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa a aeeiaieea
oeiainiaue aaeain aeey ?oeiaiaeeoaey e io/ao i i?eauee e oauoeao ii
ianyoeai e aiaeai
aiaeeoe/aneea iieacaoaee
aaethoa
ca?ieaoa
neeaae
nenoaia i?iaiice?iaaiey iioeiaeueiie oeaiu i?iaeaaee ia?oee oiaa?a
aiciiaeiinoue aaia?aoeee iiauo oi?i io/aoiinoe
ano?iaiiua iiiaio?iaiaaua oaaeeoeu
Eioei – Aooaaeoa?ey
i?iaeoiaiiay no?oeoo?a i?ia?aiiu e i?eau/iue aooaaeoa?o aeecaei
iieiay aaoiiaoecaoeey o/aoa
aei iyoe o?iaiae aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa
ieieiaeueiua eciaiaiey a iano?ieea i?ia?aiiu iiae niaoeeoeeo eiaiii
Aaoaai i?aaei?eyoey
aooo/ao aeey ianeieueeeo i?aaei?eyoee ia iaeiii ?aai/ai ianoa
aiciiaeiinoue iano?ieee ia ethaia eciaiaiea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa
aiciiaeiinoue aaaeaiey aeaieiie aooaaeoa?ee
aiciiaeiinoue ?aaiou n ethauie aaethoaie
ia?ieueiay caueoa
nio?aiaiea aeaiiuo ca ethaia eiee/anoai eao
ABACUS
ABACUS professional – Iieiue eiiieaen aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.
Ioee/eoaeueiua iniaaiiinoe eiiieaena – ooieoeeiiaeueiay iieiioa e
eiiieaeniia ?aoaiea anao caaea/ o/aoa.
A oaeaea :
ia?aaioea i?iaiaeie n aeaoaeueiie aiaeeoe/aneie eioi?iaoeeae
o/ao cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai e eaeueeoee?iaaiea naaanoieiinoe
i?iaeoeoeee n oi?ie?iaaieai niioaaonoaothueo caienae a Aeaaiie eieaa
yeaiaiou oeiainiaiai aiaeeca
aaoiiaoe/aneia ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia e io/eneaiea iaeiaia
ioeueoe-aaethoiua iia?aoeee aaia?aoi? io/aoiuo oi?i
nenoaia aiia?aoiie e i?ia?aiiiie caueou eioi?iaoeee
oaeiaiue eioa?oaen
1C aooaaeoa?ey
Iacia/aiea i?ia?aiiu e iniiaiua i?eioeeiu
I?ia?aiia 1N:Aooaaeoa?ey yaeyaony oieaa?naeueiie aooaaeoa?neie
i?ia?aiiie e
i?aaeiacia/aia aeey aaaeaiey neioaoe/aneiai e aiaeeoe/aneiai
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa ii
?acee/iui ?acaeaeai.
Aiaeeoe/aneee o/ao aaaeaony ii iauaeoai aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa (noaeiioi)
a iaoo?aeueiii
e noieiinoiii au?aaeaieyo.
I?ia?aiia i?aaeinoaaeyao aiciiaeiinoue ?o/iiai e aaoiiaoe/aneiai aaiaea
i?iaiaeie. Ana
i?iaiaeee caiinyony a aeo?iae iia?aoeee. I?e i?iniio?a i?iaiaeie a
aeo?iaea iia?aoeee eo
iiaeii ia?aie/eoue i?iecaieueiui a?aiaiiui eioa?aaeii, a?oiie?iaaoue e
eneaoue ii
?acee/iui ia?aiao?ai i?iaiaeie.
E?iia aeo?iaea iia?aoeee i?ia?aiia iiaeaea?aeeaaao ianeieueei nieneia
ni?aai/iie
eioi?iaoeee (ni?aai/ieeia):
ieai n/aoia;
nienie aeaeia iauaeoia aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa;
nienee iauaeoia aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa (noaeiioi);
eiinoaio e o.ae.
Ia iniiaaiee aaaaeaiiuo i?iaiaeie iiaeao auoue auiieiai ?an/ao eoiaia.
Eoiae iiaoo
auaiaeeoueny ca eaa?oae, aiae, ianyoe e ca ethaie ia?eiae, ia?aie/aiiue
aeaoiy aeaoaie. ?an/ao
eoiaia iiaeao auiieiyoueny ii cai?ino e iaeiia?aiaiii n aaiaeii
i?iaiaeie (a iineaaeiai
neo/aa ia o?aaoaony ia?an/ao).
Iinea ?an/aoa eoiaia i?ia?aiia oi?ie?oao ?acee/iua aaaeiiinoe:
naiaeiua i?iaiaeee;
iai?ioii-naeueaeiaoth aaaeiiinoue;
iai?ioii-naeueaeiaoth aaaeiiinoue ii iauaeoai aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa;
ea?oi/ea n/aoa;
ea?oi/ea n/aoa ii iaeiiio iauaeoo aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa;
aiaeec n/aoa (aiaeia aeaaiie eieae);
aiaeec n/aoa ii aeaoai;
aiaeec n/aoa ii iauaeoai aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa;
aiaeec iauaeoa aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa ii anai n/aoai;
ea?oi/ea iauaeoa aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa ii anai n/aoai;
aeo?iaeueiue i?aea?.
A i?ia?aiia nouanoaoao ?aaeei oi?ie?iaaiey i?iecaieueiuo io/aoia,
iicaieythuee ia iaeioi?ii aooaaeoa?neii ycuea iienaoue oi?io e
niaea?aeaiea io/aoa, aeeth/ay a iaai inoaoee e iai?iou ii n/aoai e ii
iauaeoai aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa. N iiiiuueth aeaiiiai ?aaeeia ?aaeeciaaiu
io/aou, i?aaeinoaaeyaiua a iaeiaiaua i?aaiu, e?iia oiai aeaiiue ?aaeei
eniieuecoaony aeey nicaeaiey aioo?aiieo io/aoia aeey aiaeeca oeiainiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee a i?iecaieueiie oi?ia.
E?iia oiai i?ia?aiia eiaao ooieoeee nio?aiaiey ?aca?aiie eiiee
eioi?iaoeee e ?aaeei
nio?aiaiey a a?oeaa oaenoiauo aeieoiaioia.
Iniiaiia ieii e aeaaiia iaith i?ia?aiiu
Iinea caionea i?ia?aiiu auaiaeeony iniiaiia ieii e aeaaiia iaith.
Aeaaiia iaith i?ia?aiiu ninoieo ec neaaeothueo noieaoeia:
1. Iia?aoeee: aeey ia?auaiey e AEo?iaeo iia?aoeee, ni?aai/ieeai n/aoia,
aiaeeoeee, eiinoaio, ae?oaei ?aaeeiai e auoiaea ec i?ia?aiiu.
Ni?aai/iee n/aoia
Ni?aai/iee aeaeia noaeiioi
Ni?aai/iee noaeiioi
Ni?aai/iee eiinoaio
AEo?iae iia?aoeee
Eioa?aae aeaeeiinoe iia?aoeee
Oeiiaua iia?aoeee
2. Aeaenoaey: aeey auiieiaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeaenoaee iaae no?ieaie
nieneia iia?aoeee e ni?aai/ieeia (aaiae, ei??aeoe?iaea, oaeaeaiea e
o.ae.).
3. Io/aou: aeey ia?auaiey e ooieoeee ?an/aoa eoiaia e e ooieoeeyi
oi?ie?iaaiey ?acee/iuo aaaeiiinoae e io/aoia.
?an/ao eoiaia
Naiaeiua i?iaiaeee
Iai?ioii-naeueaeiaay aaaeiiinoue
Aiaeec n/aoa
Ea?oi/ea n/aoa
Aiaeec n/aoa ii noaeiioi
Aiaeec n/aoa ii aeaoai
Aiaeec noaeiioi
Ea?oi/ea noaeiioi
AEo?iaeueiue i?aea?
Oi?ie?iaaiea io/aoia
Nicaeaiea e iiaeeoeeaoeey io/aoia
4. Na?aen: aeey onoaiiaee ia?aiao?ia, auiieiaiey neoaeaaiuo ooieoeee
i?ia?aiiu, nio?aiaiey e ainnoaiiaeaiey a?oeaiie eiiee eioi?iaoeee, e
o.ae.
Onoaiiaea ia?aiao?ia
I?eioa?
Nio?aiaiea aeaiiuo
Ainnoaiiaeaiea aeaiiuo
A?oea oaenoiauo aeieoiaioia
5. Ieia: aeey auai?a ieii e ?acee/iuo aeaenoaee n ieie.
6. Iiiiuue: aeey ia?auaiey e ?acee/iui ?acaeaeai iiiiue.
E eiie?aoiui ooieoeeyi i?ia?aiiu iiaeii ia?aoeoueny, aua?aa
niioaaonoaothuee ioieo iaith, iaaeaa ii?aaeaeaiioth eeaaeoo eee aua?aa
iuoueth niioaaonoaothuoth eeiieo ia iaiaee eeiiie iiae aeaaiui iaith.
A ieaeiae /anoe iniiaiiai ieia i?ia?aiiu i?e auai?a ec iaith eee auai?a
eeiiee
auaiaeeony iieiia iaeiaiiaaiea auae?aaiie ooieoeee.
Onoaiiaea ia?aiao?ia
Auai? aeaiiiai ioieoa iaith aeoeaece?oao ieii, a eioi?ii
onoaiaaeeaathony ia?aiao?u
?aaiou i?ia?aiiu:
– “Aeaoa” onoaiaaeeaaao oaeouoth aeaoo, iia eniieuecoaony i?e aaiaea
iiauo i?iaiaeie.
– “Eiaeu i?eioa?a” – onoaiaaeeaaao iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue eiaeia,
iinueaaiuo ia ia/aoathuaa ono?ienoai, ia?aae eaaeaeui aeieoiaioii.
Aeaiiua eiaeu i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey onoaiiaee ia i?eioa?a ioaeiie oe?eiu
neiaieia e auniou no?ie aeey iieo/aiey o?aaoaiuo ?acia?ia aeieoiaioia.
Eiaeu neiaieia aaiaeyony a aeanyoe/iii aeaea /a?ac caiyooth. Iai?eia?,
aeey i?eioa?a oeia Epson FX-80 eniieuecoaony eiae 15;
– “Eiee/anoai no?ie ia no?aieoea” – eniieuecoaony aeey iino?aie/iiai
?acaeaiey aaaeiiinoae. Anee a ia?aiao?a “eiee/anoai no?ie a no?aieoea”
caaeaoue 0, i?e oi?ie?iaaiee aeieoiaioia aoaeao iiouai neiaie
“?acaeaeeoaeue no?aieoe”. Yoi oaeiaii i?e oi?ie?iaaiee aeieoiaioia
oieueei aeey i?iniio?a eee aeey ia/aoe ia ?oeiiiie aoiaaa.
– “Iiia? ?aai/aai ianoa” – onoaiaaeeaaao iiia? ?aai/aai ianoa aeaiiiai
eiiiuethoa?a. Ana i?iaiaeee, aaiaeeiua a aeo?iae iia?aoeee aoaeoo
eiaoue aeaiiue iiia? ?aai/aai ianoa. A iineaaenoaee, ii iiaeao auoue
eniieueciaai aeey i?aaiecaoeee o/aoa ia ianeieueeeo ?aai/eo ianoao n
eniieueciaaieai ?aaeeia ia?aiina iia?aoeee.
Iinea eciaiaiey ia?aiao?ia aeey eo nio?aiaiey neaaeoao iaaeaoue eeaaeoo
Enter eee aua?aoue eiiieo “IE”, anee au oioeoa ioeacaoueny io eciaiaiee
– iaaeieoa “Esc” eee auaa?eoa eiiieo “Cancel”.
Nio?aiaiea aeaiiuo
Aeaiiay ooieoeey i?aaeiacia/aia aeey caiene anae o?aieiie eioi?iaoeee ia
aeeneaou e ainnoaiiaeaiea n aeeneao. Iia eniieuecoaony aeey nicaeaiey
?aca?aiuo eiiee ia neo/ae naiaa iai?oaeiaaiey. E?iia oiai, aeaiiua
ooieoeee iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu aeey ia?aiina eioi?iaoeee n iaeiiai
eiiiuethoa?a ia ae?oaie.
Ia?aae nio?aiaieai neaaeoao oeacaoue eiy aeenea e aee?aeoi?ee, a
eioi?oth aoaeoo nio?aiyoueny aeaiiua.
Anee au nio?aiyaoa aeaiiua ia aeeneaou, ia?aae ia/aeii aeaiiie ooieoeee
neaaeoao iiaeaioiaeoue iaeio eee ianeieueei (a caaeneiinoe io iauaiia
aeaiiuo e aieinoe aeeneao) iooi?iaoe?iaaiiuo /enouo aeeneao.
Aeeneaou iii/a?aaeii onoaiaaeeaathony a aeeneiaiae.
I?e nio?aiaiee aeaiiuo caienuaaaony any eioi?iaoeey ii iia?aoeeyi,
ni?aai/ieeai e onoaiiaeai i?ia?aiiu.
Aeey ia/aea nio?aiaiey neaaeoao iaaeaoue eeaaeoo Enter eee aua?aoue
eiiieo IE. Aeey ioeaca io nio?aiaiey neaaeoao iaaeaoue eeaaeoo Esc eee
aua?aoue eiiieo Cancel.
Aeaaiia iacia/aiea a?oeaiie eiiee – iiaeno?aoiaea io iioa?e eioi?iaoeee
ec-ca iieiiee eiiiuethoa?a, ia?aiaaeia iai?yaeaiey a yeaeo?inaoe,
ae?onia. A?oeaioth eiieth ?aeiiaiaeoaony nio?aiyoue aaeaaeiaaii (anee Au
?aaioaee a yoio aeaiue n i?ia?aiiie) eee iinea aaiaea aeaiiuo a aieueoeo
iauaiao. Eiaao niune aea?aeaoue aeaa aa?eaioa a?oeaiie eiiee: iineaaeiee
e i?aaeiineaaeiee. Iai?eia?, naaiaeiy Au nio?aieoa eiieth ia aeeneaoa 1,
caao?a – ia aeeneaoa 2, a iineacaao?a – niiaa ia aeeneaoa 1 e o.ae. Yoi
caueoeo Aan io iioa?e eioi?iaoeee ec-ca iaea/anoaaiiuo aeeneao. Aeeneaou
?aeiiaiaeoaony iiaeienuaaoue: iiia? aeeneaou, aeaoa nicaeaiey eiiee.
Oeiiaua iia?aoeee
Oeiiaua iia?aoeee i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey oi?iuaiey aaiaea i?iaiaeie. Yoo
aiciiaeiinoue oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue, anee Au /anoi i?iaiaeeoa
iaeiioeiiua iia?aoeee eee aeaeaaoa iia?aoeee ec ianeieueeeo i?iaiaeie.
E?iia oiai, aeaiiue ?aaeei iicaieyao Aai ia?aaeaoue /anoue ?aaiou
iia?aoi?o, ia aeaaeathuaio aooaaeoa?neei o/aoii, iano?iea aeey iaai
nenoaio oeiiauo iia?aoeee.
Oeiiaay iia?aoeey yaeyaony “noeaia?eai” io?aaeaiey a aooaaeoa?neii o/aoa
ii?aaeaeaiiiai oicyenoaaiiiai aeoa.
?aaioa n oeiiauie iia?aoeeyie aeeth/aao aeaa yoaia. Ia?aue: caaeaiea
(iano?ieea) oeiiaie iia?aoeee. Aoi?ie: eniieueciaaiea oeiiaie iia?aoeee
aeey aaiaea i?iaiaeie a aeo?iae oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee.
Eaaeaeay oeiiaay iia?aoeey ninoieo ec iaeiie eee ianeieueeeo i?iaiaeie.
Noiiu i?iaiaeie iiaoo aaoiiaoe/anee ?ann/eouaaoueny. I?e eniieueciaaiee
oeiiauo iia?aoeee iiaeii aaoiiaoe/anee iieo/aoue ia?ae/iue aeieoiaio.
I?ia?aiia iiaeao auoue iieiinoueth iano?iaia aooaaeoa?ii ia oaeouaa
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai e eiie?aoiua oi?iu o/aoa.
Aubi
Iacia/aiea i?ia?aiiu e iniiaiua i?eioeeiu
“AOAE” – yoi ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiia iacaaiea eioaa?e?iaaiiie i?ia?aiiiie
nenoaiu “Aaoiiaoecaoeee Aooaaeoa?neiai O/aoa’ iaeuo, n?aaeieo e
aieueoeo i?aaei?eyoee. Aaa?aaeaoo?a iacaaiey eiiieaena “AOAE” iino?iaia
ec ?yaea aoea, aoiaeyueo a i?eaaaeaiioth auoa o?aco, caeeth/aiioth a
aiino?iou. Oaeei ia?acii naeaeaia iiiuoea io?aceoue enoeiiia
i?aaeiacia/aiea i?ia?aiiu.
“AOAE” iiaeao auoue n oniaoii eniieueciaaia aeey aaoiiaoecaoeee
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa i?aaei?eyoee ?acee/iiai ?iaea aeayoaeueiinoe.
I?ia?aiiiue eiiieaen i?aaenoaaeyao iaeeiaeiaue eioa?an eae aeey
oi?aiauo (eiiia?/aneeo) no?oeoo?, oae e aeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee. Aeaeay nenoaia i?ia?aiiu iicaieyao iano?aeaaoue “AO-AE” ia
ioaeaeu eiie?aoiiai iieueciaaoaey. I?e yoii aooaaeoa? eaaeaeiai
i?aaei?eyoey, enoiaey ec naieo nianoaaiiuo iio?aaiinoae, eiaao
aiciiaeiinoue noi?ie?iaaoue ieai n/aoia; eioi?iaoeeiiiua ni?aai/ieee,
niaea?aeauea iacaaiey i?aaei?eyoee-ia?oia?ia e eo aaieianeea
?aeaeceou; nienie iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe e o.ae. A caaeneiinoe
io niaoeeoeee aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey “AOAE” iicaieyao aanoe o/ao
neaaeothueo yeaiaioia aooaaeoa?neiai i?iecaiaenoaa:
o/ao iaoa?eaeia (neeaae);
o/ao iaeioeaiiuo e auno?ieciaoeaathueony iaoa?eaeia (IAI) ia neeaaea e a
yenieoaoaoeee;
iniiaiua n?aaenoaa;
o/ao eanniauo iia?aoeee – oi?ie?iaaiea i?eoiaeiuo e ?anoiaeiuo
eanniauo i?aea?ia, aaaeaiea eanniaie eieae;
o/ao aaieianeeo iia?aoeee – ieaoaaeiuo ii?o/aiee, o?aaiaaiee e
?aano?ia;
o/ao n/aoia;
aaaeaiea aeo?iaea oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee;
aaaeaiea aeaaiie aooaaeoa?neie eieae;
oi?ie?iaaiea oaoiaoiie e iai?ioiie aaaeiiinoae;
oi?ie?iaaiea ?acee/iuo aaaeiiinoae aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa
… e o.ae.
AEo?iae oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee yaeyaony aeey “AOAE” iienoeia iniiaiie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie aacie, eniieuecoy eioi?oth, i?ia?aiia niiniaia
oi?ie?iaaoue iiiaeanoai io/aoiuo aeieoiaioia ii neioaoe/aneiio e
aiaeeoe/aneiio o/aoo. Ana noi?ie?iaaiiua “AOAE” io/aou iiaoo auoue
nio?aiaiu ia aeanoeii aeenea a aeaea ASKII oaeeia eee auaaaeaiu
iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia i?eioa?. A neo/aa nio?aiaiey auoiaeiuo oi?i ia
aeanoeii aeenea iieueciaaoaeue eiaao aiciiaeiinoue i?iniao?eaaoue,
ei??aeoe?iaaoue e auaiaeeoue ia ia/aoue ana aeieoiaiou, eniieuecoy aeey
yoiai eiathueany o iaai noaiaea?oiua i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa (ooeeeou DOS,
oaenoiaua ?aaeaeoi?u e o.ae.).
Neioaoe/aneee o/ao
Ii ia?a aaaeaiey aeo?iaea oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee, a eioi?ii
niaea?aeaony ana i?iaiaeee, io?aaeathuea aeayoaeueiinoue
i?aaei?eyoey, iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao iieo/eoue ca ethaie i?iiaaeooie
a?aiaie neaaeothuea io/aoiua oi?iu ii neioaoe/aneiio o/aoo:
naiaeioth iai?ioioth aaaeiiinoue;
neioaoe/aneee ?aneeaae ii eaaeaeiio n/aoo;
aeaaioth aooaaeoa?neoth eieao;
oaoiaoioth aaaeiiinoue;
aaeain.
Aiaeeoe/aneee o/ao.
Aiaeeoe/aneee o/ao caieiaao aanueia aaaeiia ianoi a aooaaeoa?ee
aeinoaoi/ii aieueoiai /enea i?aaei?eyoee. A iauai neo/aa iieiay
eiioeao?aoeey “AOAE” a ninoiyiee oi?ie?iaaoue ca ethaie i?iiaaeooie
a?aiaie o/aoiua aaaeiiinoe ii:
iaoa?eaeai (n/ao 10);
IAI (n/ao 12);
iniiaiui n?aaenoaai (n/ao 01);
eciin iniiaiuo n?aaenoa (n/ao 02);
iniiaiiio, aniiiiaaoaeueiiio i?iecaiaenoao (n/ao 20,23,25,26,29…);
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee, oiaa?ai… (n/ao 40,41…);
?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee (n/ao 46);
iinoaaueeai e iiae?yae/eeai (n/ao 60);
aaainai auaeaiiui (n/ao 61);
iieoiaoaeyi e caeac/eeai (n/ao 62);
?an/aoai n athaeaeaoii/iaathaeaeaoii (n/ao 68,69,19…);
iiaeio/aoiui eeoeai (n/ao 71);
i?i/ei ?an/aoai (n/ao 76);
… e o.ae.
Anee ii ?iaeo aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey yoi ia i?aaenoaaeyao aeey Aan
eioa?an, iiaeii i?inoi ia ia?auaoue aieiaiea ia oi, /oi “AOAE” iiaeao
oi?ie?iaaoue aieueoia eiee/anoai io/aoiuo aeieoiaioia. Iieuecoeoanue a
i?ia?aiia oieueei oaie aa yeaiaioaie eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu aeey Aaoaai
i?aaei?eyoey a aeaiiue iiiaio, a ia inoaeueiii ia noieo aaniieieoueny.
Ioiaoei, /oi “AOAE” iiaeao iinoaaeyoueny a ?acee/iie eiiieaeoaoeee.
Ii aeaeaieth iieueciaaoaey a eiiieaeo iinoaaee iiaoo auoue aeeth/aiu
eee ecuyou ?acee/iua yeaiaiou i?ia?aiiu. E oaeei yeaiaioai i?ia?aiiu
iiaoo auoue ioianaiu ?acee/iua o/aoiua (aiaeeoe/aneea) aaaeiiinoe,
aaieianeea iia?aoeee, eanna e iaeioi?ua ae?oaea. Niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeii,
/oi iienaiiua auoa ?anoe?aiey ooieoeeiiaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae “AOAE”
io?aaeathony ia noieiinoe iaeaoa i?ia?aii. Aeiaaaei, /oi
iieueciaaoaeue nai ?aoaao auoue ee aio i?inoi ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiui
iieueciaaoaeai e i?e yoii iao/aoueny ?aaioa n i?ia?aiiie
naiinoiyoaeueii ii oaoie/aneie aeieoiaioaoeee, eeai ca
aeiiieieoaeueioth ieaoo i?ieoe eo?n iao/aiey ii ?aaioa n “AOAE” e
iieueciaaoueny iiuiie eiinoeueoaoeaiie iiaeaea?aeeie oe?iu ecaioiaeoaey
eee oi?aiaie aoaeeoi?neie eiiiaiee o eioi?ie i?eia?aoaeanue
i?ia?aiia. ?aeaeceou oe?iu ecaioiaeoaey i?eaiaeyony ieaea:
Eiioeaopaoeey i?ia?aiiiiai eiiieaena iipaaeaeyaony niaianoii n
caeac/eeii enoiaey ec paaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae i?aaei?eyoey.
Aeaaiia iaith i?ia?aiiu
Iinea caionea i?ia?aiiu auaiaeeony aeaaiia iaith.
Iiae “Aeaaiui iaith” i?ia?aiiiiai eiiieaena “AOAE” aoaeai iiieiaoue
ecia?aaeaiea ia ye?aia, eioi?ia iiyaeyaony iinea oiai, eae
iieueciaaoaeue i?aaeeueii iaa?ae ia?ieue aeey ?aaiou n i?ia?aiiie.
Aeaaiia iaith i?ia?aiiu “AOAE” i?aaenoaaeaii a aeaea ieniaaeathuaai
iaith, n aaoiiaoe/aneei iiyaeaieai anieuaathueo iiaeiaith.
Iauea iieiaeaiey
Iaiaeue “Aeaaiia iaith” iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia ianeieueei
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo /anoae.
Nianoaaiii naii Aeaaiia iaith i?aaenoaaeaii niaieoiiinoueth ioieoia
iaith ?aniieiaeaiiuo a ai?eciioaeueiii ii?yaeea a aa?oiae /anoe
ye?aia e aaoiiaoe/anee ?ane?uaathueony iiaeiaith(ni. ?en.3.1).
A aa?oiae i?aaie /anoe ye?aia ?aniieiaeaiu aeaa ooieoeeiiaeueiuo ieia, a
eioi?uo iieacaiu oaeouay AeAOA e A?AIss. A ia?aii ieia i?ia?aiiu
iieacuaaaony /enei, ianyoe e aiae onoaiiaeaiiua ia eiiiuethoa?a. Aoi?ia
ieii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaueiiaaiiua yeaeo?iiiua /anu ii eioi?ui
i?ia?aiia e Au anaaaea niiaeaoa i?eaioe?iaaoueny ai a?aiaie. AeAOA e
A?AIss iieacuaaaiua a ianoaeaeaaiuo ieiao niioaaonoaotho aioo?aiiaio
eaeaiaea?th e /anai eiiiuethoa?a. Anee a nenoaia eiiiuethoa?a
onoaiiaeaia iai?aaeeueiay aeaoa eee a?aiy, oi niioaaonoaaiii e a
iaiaee “Aeaaiia iaith” /anu e aeaoa aoaeoo iaaa?iuie. Eciaieoue a?aiy e
aeaoo iiaeii n iiiiuueth niaoeeaeueiuo eiiaiae iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu
DOS eee iaiin?aaenoaaiii ec i?ia?aiiu AOAE.
A ieaeiae /anoe ye?aia eiaaony oae iacuaaaiay eioi?iaoeeiiiay no?iea.
Yoi iiaeaeoe naiue aieueoie iiiiuiee ia/eiathuaai iieueciaaoaey. A
eioi?iaoeeiiiie no?iea anaaaea eiaaony iiaeneacea ia eaeii o?iaia
i?ia?aiiu Au nae/an iaoiaeeoanue. Eioi?iaoeeiiiay iiaeneacea, eae
i?aaeei ?anoeo?iauaaao e iiyniyao iiiaea nie?auaiey, eniieuecoaiua a
ea/anoaa iacaaiee ?acee/iuo ioieoia iaith e iieacuaaao, /oi eiaiii a
aeaiiue iiiaio i?ia?aiia io Aan iaeeaeaao.
Ionoia ia caiyoia ie /ai i?ino?ainoai, ?aniieiaeaiiia a n?aaeiae /anoe
ye?aia (aeeth/ay i?ino?ainoai, caieiaaiia anieuaathueie iiaeiaith)
iaaeaeo ioieoaie Aeaaiiai iaith e eioi?iaoeeiiiie no?ieie yaeyaony
iniiaiui ooieoeeiiaeueiui iieai ye?aia ia eioi?ii iiyaeythony e
en/acatho anaaiciiaeiua ?aai/ea iaiaee i?ia?aiiu, a oaeaea niiauaiey,
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey e o.ae.
Aeaaiia iaith niaea?aeeo iyoue ioieoia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo a
ai?eciioaeueiii ii?yaeea.
Ioieo aeaaiiai iaith “AACU”
“Aacu” – yoi iacaaiea ia?aiai ioieoa Aeaaiiai iaith. Ia ye?aia
eiiiuethoa?a yoio ioieo ?aniieiaeai ia?aui neaaa a aa?oiae no?iea.
Aeoeaece?iaaoue oiiiyiooue ioieo iaith iiaeii n iiiiuueth eeaaeaoo?u
(eeaaeoe-no?aeee), “Ai?y/ae eeaaeoe” eee n eniieueciaaieai iaieioeyoi?a
“Iuoue”.
I?e auai?a ioieoa Aeaaiiai iaith n iacaaieai {AACU} ia ye?aia
aaoiiaoe/anee iiyaeony niioaaonoaothuaa iiaeiaith n ioieoaie
?aniieiaeaiiuie a aa?oeeaeueiii ii?yaeea. A iiaeiaith ?aniieiaeaiu
iacaaiey ?acee/iuo aac aeaiiuo, eioi?ua iiaeaea?aeeaaao i?ia?aiia
“AOAE”. Ieaea i?eaaaeaiu aacu niaea?aeaueany a iiaeiaith n iacaaieai
“Aacu”:
OIC.IIA?AOeEE – AEo?iae oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee.
IAOA?EAEU – AEo?iae o/aoa IAOA?EAEIA.
IAI – AEo?iae o/aoa Iaeioeaiiuo e auno?ieciaoeaathueony i?aaeiaoia.
OIAA?U – AEo?iae o/aoa OIAA?IA.
INIIAIUA N?AAeNOAA – AEo?iae o/aoa INIIAIUO N?AAeNOA.
?AAENO?AOeEss II – AEo?iae ?aaeno?aoeee IEAOAAEIUO II?O*AIEE.
?AAENO?AOeEss IOI – AEo?iae ?aaeno?aoeee IEAOAAEIUO O?AAIAAIEE-
II?O*AIEE.
?AAENO?AOeEss IEI – AEo?iae ?aaeno?aoeee I?EOIAeIUO EANNIAUO I?AeA?IA;
?AAENO?AOeEE ?EI – AEo?iae ?aaeno?aoeee ?ANOIAeIUO EANNIAUO I?AeA?IA;
N*AOA IA IIEAOO – AEo?iae ?aaeno?aoeee N*AOIA ia iieaoo.
IAIOEIAEIUA AeAEA – AEo?iae IAIOEIAEIUO AeAE. Caienuaathony aeaea, a
oaeaea aeaoa e a?aiy eiaaea ia yoeo aeaeao iaiaoiaeeii niiaueoue.
OEI AIAEEOE*.O*AOA – AEo?iae a eioi?ii oi?ie?othony no?oeoo?u
aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa ii eaaeaeiio n/aoo, eniieuecoaiua i?e
aiaeeca aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
Ioieo aeaaiiai iaith “NI?AAI*IEEE”
“NI?AAI*IEEE” yoi iacaaiea aoi?iai ioieoa Aeaaiiai iaith.
Aeoeaece?iaaoue yoio ioieo iiaeii n iiiiuueth eeaaeaoo?u, “Ai?y/eo
eeaaeo” {ALT}+{C} e iaieioeyoi?a oeia “Iuoue”.
Ni?aai/ieeaie nae/an e a aeaeueiaeoai aoaeai iacuaaoue
niaoeeaeueiua aacu aeaiiuo, niaea?aeauea eioi?iaoeeth eioi?oth
iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao iiaenoaaeyoue aaoiiaoe/anee eae oaaeii a ca?aiaa
ca?aca?ae?iaaiiua ianoa ia ye?aia a ?aai/eo aacao aeaiiuo e io/aoiuo
aeieoiaioao.
I?e auai?a ioieoa Aeaaiiai iaith “Ni?aai/ieee” ia ye?aia
eiiiuethoa?a aaoiiaoe/anee aeoeaece?oaony niioaaonoaothuaa iiaeiaith, a
eioi?ii niaea?aeaony iacaaiey anao caaeaenoaiaaiiuo a “AOAE”
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ni?aai/ieeia. Iacaaiey caaeaenoaiaaiiuo a “AOAE”
ni?aai/ieeia i?eaiaeyony ieaea:
IA’AEOU I?AAeI?EssOEss – Iaeiaiiaaiea iauaeoia i?aaei?eyoey.
IIAe?ACAeAEAIEss – Iaeiaiiaaiey iiae?acaeaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey.
AeIEOIAIOU IA?AE*IUA – E?aoeea iacaaiey ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia.
IIE – IAO.IOA.EEOeA – OEI Iaoa?eaeueii – ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe.
AAe.ECI. IAO,IAI… – Iaeiaiiaaiea aaeeieoe ecia?aiey iaoa?eaeia,
IAI, oiaa?ia e o.ae.
INIIAIUA N?AAeNOAA – Iaeiaiiaaiea iniiaiuo n?aaenoa.
I?E*EIU AUAUOEss IN – Iaeiaiiaaiey i?e/ei auauoey iniiaiuo
n?aaenoa.
IEAI N*AOIA AOO.O*. – Iiia?a e iacaaiey n/aoia/noan/aoia aooaaeoa?neiai
o/aoa.
I?IAIAeEE AOOA-EEA – Iaeiaiiaaiea oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee e oeiiaua
i?iaiaeee.
IAOA?EAEU,IAI,OIA.. – Iacaaiey iaoa?eaeia, IAI, oiaa?ia e ae?. OIOe.
I?AAeI?EssOEss EI??ANI – Iacaaiey i?aaei?eyoee-ei??aniiiaaeaioia n
eioi?uie naycaiu oic. iia?aoeee.
I?AAeI?EssOEss (EIO) – ?anoe?aiiay eioi?iaoeey ii i?aaei?eyoeyi
ei??aniiiaeaioai.
Ioiaoei, /oi iieueciaaoaeue nai i?eieiaao ?aoaiea eaeea ni?aai/ieee
caaeaenoaiaaoue aeey ?aaiou, a eaeea iao. Iaeiaei Iu ianoiyoaeueii
?aeiiaiaeoai iieueciaaoueny ni?aai/ieeaie aeey ?aaeno?aoeee (i?eaaaeaiea
e aaeeiie oi?ia) eniieuecoaiie i?e ?aaioa n aacaie aeaiiuo eioi?iaoeee.
Naiui eo/oei aa?eaioii ?aaiou ni ni?aai/ieeaie yaeyaony i?iniio?,
?aaeaeoe?iaaiea e aeiaaaeaiea iiauo aeaiiuo a ni?aai/ieee a ia/aea
eaaeaeiai naaina ?aaiou n i?ia?aiiie AOAE.
Ana ioieou iiaeiaith {NI?AAI*IEEE} ?acaeaeaiu ia aeaa a?oiiu
ai?eciioaeueiie aeaieiie /a?oie. Iaae /a?oie ?aniieiaeaiu ni?aai/ieee
i?inoie eiioeao?aoeee eiathuea iaeei o?iaaiue aeiaeaiiinoe. Iiae
/a?oie ?aniieiaeaiu oae iacuaaaiua ninoaaiua ni?aai/ieee eiathuea aeaa
o?iaiy aeiaeaiiinoe.
Ioieo aeaaiiai iaith “AAAeIIINOE”
AAAeIIINOE yoi iacaaiea o?aoueaai ioieoa Aeaaiiai iaith.
Aeoeaece?iaaoue ioieo {AAAeIIINOE} iiaeii n iiiiuueth eeaaeaoo?u,
“ai?y/ae eeaaeoe” {Alt}+{B} e iaieioeyoi?a oeia “Iuoue”
I?e auai?a ioieoa “AAAeIIINOE” ia ye?aia aaoiiaoe/anee iiyaeyaony
niioaaonoaothuaa aa?oeeaeueiia iiaeiaith ninoiyuaa ec neaaeothueo
ioieoia :
AAAeIIINOUe II N*AOAI – iai?ioiay aaaeiiinoue ii n/aoo.
NAIAeIAss IAI?IOIAss 1 – naiaeiay iai?ioiay aaaeiiinoue ii anai n/aoai
(noan/aoa ?acaa?iooue).
NAIAeIAss IAI?IOIAss 2 – naiaeiay iai?ioiay aaaeiiinoue ii anai n/aoai
(noan/aoa naa?iooue).
AEAAIAss AOO. EIEAA – aeaaiay aooaaeoa?neay eieaa;
EANNIAAss EIEAA – eieaa o/aoa eanniauo iia?aoeee;
AIAEEOEEA NEEAAe – ioieo iaith aaaeiiinoae aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa;
A?AOEEA: YENI?ANN – a?aoee aeaeaeaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia
n/aoa/noan/aoa.
Eaaeaeue ec auoaia?a/eneaiiuo ioieoia iaith iicaieeo oi?ie?iaaoue
niioaaonoaothuea aaaeiiinoe aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.
AAAeIIINOUe II N*AOAI. Aaaeiiinoue iiaeao auoue noi?ie?iaaia ii
ethaiio n/aoo ioaeaeueii ca ethaie i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie. I?ia?aiia
oi?ie?oao naeueaei ia ia/aei oeacaiiiai ia?eiaea, iai?iou ii aeaaaoo e
e?aaeeoo, a oae aea eiia/iia naeueaei.
NAIAeIAss IAI?IOIAss 1. Aaaeiiinoue oi?ie?oaony ii anai n/aoai e
noan/aoai ii eioi?ui eiaaony iaioeaaia ia/aeueiia naeueaei, eeai iai?iou
a i?aaeaeao aiaeece?oaiiai ia?eiaea. A aaaeiiinoe i?aaenoaaeaiu
oaeaea ia/aeueiia naeueaei, iai?iou e eiia/iia naeueaei noiie?iaaiiua
ii anai n/aoai.
NAIAeIAss IAI?IOIAss 2 – aaaeiiinoue aiaeiae/iay (NAIAeIIE
IAI?IOIIE 1) a eioi?ie ana noan/aoa, iaeiiai n/aoa noiie?iaaiu e
i?eaaaeaiu e iaeiiio n/aoo a aeaea iaeiie no?iee.
AEAAIAss AOO. EIEAA iiaeao auoue noi?ie?iaaia ii eaaeaeiio n/aoo ca
ethaie i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie n oeacaieai iai?ioia, ia/aeueiiai e eiia/iiai
naeueaei. A ioee/ee io iai?ioiie aaaeiiinoe a aeaaiie eieaa iieacaiu ia
ana oic. iia?aoeee (aooaaeoa?neea i?iaiaeee), auno?iaiiua a aeaea
nienea, a iai?iou iaaeaeo aiaeece?oaiui n/aoii e anaie
ei??aniiiaee?othueie n/aoaie.
EANNIAAss EIEAA iiaeao auoue noi?ie?iaaia ca ethaie i?iiaaeooie
a?aiaie eniieuecoy aeaiiua AEo?iaea Oic. iia?aoeee ii n/aoo 50
(Eanna). I?e oi?ie?iaaiee eanniaie eieae au/eneyaony inoaoie ia ia/aei
aeiy, noiia iai?ioia i?eoiaea e ?anoiaea, a oaeaea inoaoie ia eiiaoe
aeiy.
AIAEEOEEA – aaaeiiinoe i?aaenoaaeytho aiciiaeiinoue aanoe ia
oieueei neioaoe/aneee o/ao aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, ii e eiee/anoaaiiue
o/ao, iai?eia?: iaoa?eaeia, IAI, Ini. n?aaenoa, oiaa?ia e o.ae. Oae
aea aiaeeoe/aneea aaaeiiinoe iicaieytho aanoe ?acaeaeueiue o/ao oiai eee
eiiai n/aoa ii i?aaei?eyoeyi, iauaeoai, iiae?acaeaeaieyi e o.ae.
A?AOEEA: YENI?ANN – ?aaeei iicaieythuee oi?ie?iaaoue a?aoe/aneia
i?aaenoaaeaiea aeaeaeaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ii n/aoo ca aua?aiiue
i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie. A?aoe/aneia ecia?aaeaiea i?aaenoaaeyaony a ?aaeeia
inaaaeia?aoeee.
Ioieo aeaaiiai iaith “IANO?IEEA”
“IANO?IEEA” yoi iacaaiea /aoaa?oiai ioieoa Aeaaiiai iaith.
Aeoeaece?iaaoue ioieo “IANO?IEEA” iiaeii n iiiiuueth eeaaeaoo?u,
“Ai?y/ae eeaaeoe” {ALT}+{H}) e iaieioeyoi?a oeia “Iuoue”
I?e auai?a ioieoa iaith “IANO?IEEA” ia ye?aia aaoiiaoe/anee
iiyaeyaony niioaaonoaothuaa aa?oeeaeueiia iiaeiaith ninoiyuaa ec
neaaeothueo ioieoia :
CAOEIAUA NEAIAEU… – aeeth/aiea/aueeth/aiea caoeiauo neaiaeia e ?a/aauo
niiauaiee a ?acee/iuo /anoyo i?ia?aiiu;
I?EIOA? OI?IAOEENOA – onoaiiaea ia?aiao?ia aeey i?eioa?a (aeeeia
no?aieoeu, ea/anoai ia/aoe, o?eoo e o.ae.);
AeAOA E A?AIss – ?aaeei onoaiiaee oaeouae aeaou e a?aiaie ia nenoaiiua
/anu eiiiuethoa?a.
?AAI*EE IA?EIAe – onoaiiaea o/aoiiai ia?eiaea (ia/aeueiie e eiia/iie
aeaou) a i?aaeaeao eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeii noi?ie?iaaoue aaaeiiinoue
eee eaeie-eeai ae?oaie o/aoiue aeieoiaio;
NOAOON ?AA.IA?EIAeA – aee./auee. ?aaeeia aaoiiaoe/aneiai cai?ina
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey ?aai/aai ia?eiaea i?e oi?ie?iaaiee
io/aoiuo aaaeiiinoae e aeieoiaioia.
N?AAIEOUe NI?AAI*IEE – aee./auee. ?aaeeia aaoiiaoe/aneiai n?aaiaiey
aaiaeeiie iieueciaaoaeai eioi?iaoeee n iaee/eai aa a
niioaaonoaothueo ni?aai/ieeao.
Ioieo aeaaiiai iaith “NA?AEN”
NA?AEN – yoi iacaaiea iyoiai ioieoa Aeaaiiai iaith. Aeoeaece?iaaoue
ioieo NA?AEN iiaeii n iiiiuueth eeaaeaoo?u, “Ai?y/eo eeaaeo” {Alt}+{N} e
iaieioeyoi?ii oeia “Iuoue”.
I?e auai?a ioieoa iaith NA?AEN ia ye?aia aaoiiaoe/anee iiyaeyaony
niioaaonoaothuaa aa?oeeaeueiia iiaeiaith, ninoiyuaa ec 10 ioieoia:
N *AAI IA*AOUe … – Iieacuaaao oaeno, a eioi?ii niaea?aeeony iauaa
iienaiea eae iieueciaaoueny eiioaenoiie nenoaiie iiiiue
?aaeeciaaiiie a i?ia?aiia “AOAE”.
NAeAEAII A …. – Iieacuaaao aeceoioth ea?oi/eo oe?iu ecaioiaeoaey n
oeacaieai iacaaiey e aae?ana oe?iu, oaeaoiia e o.ae.;
AINNOAIIAEOUe AACU – Iicaieyao ainnoaiiaeoue ana aacu (aeo?iae
oic.iia?aoeee, iaoa?eaeu, ni?aai/ieee e o. ae.) n ?aca?aiie
aeeneaou ia?aoii ia aeanoeee aeene a aee?aeoi?eth, aaea
?aniieiaeai i?ia?aiiiue eiiieaen “AOAE”.
I?IAA?EA AAC – Inouanoaeyao i?iaa?eo ei??aeoiinoe no?oeoo? anao aac
aeaiiuo, ioia?aoeeth aeo?iaea oic.iia?aoeee, eiaeaeniuo oaeeia;
CAE?UOEA O*AOIIAI IA?EIAeA – Auiieiyao cae?uoea oaeouaai o/aoiiai
ia?eiaea aac aeaiiuo i?e ia?aoiaea e neaaeothuaio.
Oi?ie?othony inoaoee ii ana n/aoai/noan/aoai/iauaeoai e
ae?oaei eiaeai aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa e ia?aiinyony a aeaea
ia/aeueiiai naeueaei aeey iiaiai o/aoiiai ia?eiaea.
I?INNIIO?AOUe AeIEOIAIO – Iicaieyao i?iniao?eaaoue ia ye?aia
eiiiuethoa?a oaenoiaua (ASCII eiaeu ) oaeeu. A /anoiinoe
iiaeii i?iniio?aoue ana noi?ie?iaaiiua o/aoiua aaaeiiinoe
e aeieoiaiou.
EAEUeEOEssOI? – aucia i?ia?aiiiiai eaeueeoeyoi?a aeey au/eneaiey
a?eoiaoe/aneeo au?aaeaiee.
ECIAIEOUe ?AEAECEOU E IA?IEUe – aoiae a iaiaeue ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey
?aeaeceoia Aaoaai i?aaei?eyoey e eciaiaiey ia?iey
iieueciaaoaey. Anee a i?ia?aiia onoaiiaeai ia?ieue,
oi aoiae ii ia?ieth.
NIO?AIEOUe AACO – Iicaieyao nicaeaaaoue ?aca?aioth eiieth anao aac
(aeo?iae oic. iia?aoeee, iaoa?eaeu, ni?aai/ieee e
o.ae.) ia aeeneaoa a aeeneiaiaea [A:] eee [B].
AUOIAe – Ieii/aiea naaina ?aaiou n i?ia?aiiie “AOAE”.
Eiay iaeioi?ue iiuo aaaeaiey yeaeo?iiiiai aeo?iaea oicyenoaaiiuo
iia?aoeee, anth ?aaioo ii ninoaaeaieth aaeaina i?aaei?eyoey iiaeii
ia?aeiaeeoue ia iea/e iaooiieiiai eiiiuethoa?a, anee eiia/ii yoei
eiiiuethoa?ii oi?aaeyao oaeay i?ia?aiia eae “AOAE”.
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