IEIENOA?NOAI NAssCE ?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
IINEIANEEE OAOIE*ANEEE OIEAA?NEOAO NAssCE
E EIOI?IAOEEE
Eaoaae?a AO e ON
E O ? N I A A ss ? A A I O A
ii oaia
Iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiue eiio?ieea? ACO
Auiieiaiea:
Nooaeaio a?. A19301
?uaaeei N.I.
I?iaa?ea:
ae.o.i. Ee?eeeiaa E.A.
Caaeaiea ia eo?niaia i?iaeoe?iaaiea…
ii aeenoeeieeia “Oai?ey e i?iaeoe?iaaiea YAI”:
?ac?aaioaoue no?oeoo?ioth noaio iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiio?ieea?a ACO.
Ia iniiaa aua?aiiiai aa?eaioa ?aaeecaoeee aiia?aoo?u eiio?ieea?a
?ac?aaioaoue ooieoeeiiaeueii-eiae/aneoth noaio iaeiiai ec iiaeoeae
no?oeoo?iie noaiu.
Aeey auiieiaiey caaeaiey neaaeoao:
Eco/eoue i?eioeeiu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iaeiieoaeae ia AIAe e iaeiieoaeae
oeia “Aei/anoa?”.
Eco/eoue iaoiaeu eiio?iey ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee i?e iaiaia YAI n ACO.
Noi?ioee?iaaoue o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiiio
eiio?ieea?o ACO.
Iino?ieoue aea?aai ooieoeee eiio?ieea?a.
Iino?ieoue aeai?eoi ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiio?ieea?a
ACO.
Auaeaeeoue o/anoee aeai?eoia, aeiioneathuea ia?aeeaeueioth eee
eiiaaea?ioth ia?aaioeo.
?ani?aaeaeeoue iia?aoi?u aeai?eoia iaaeaeo ooieoeeiiaeueiuie iiaeoeyie.
?ac?aaioaoue aa?eaio no?oeoo?iie noaiu.
Ioeaieoue auno?iaeaeonaea, ?aaeecoaiia iieo/aiiie no?oeoo?iie noaiie.
Auiieieoue ioeaieo aiia?aoiuo cao?ao ia iniiaa aua?aiiiai e?eoa?ey.
?ac?aaioaoue ooieoeeiiaeueii-eiae/aneoth noaio iaeiiai ec
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo iiaeoeae, i?aaeaa?eoaeueii niaeaniaaa naie auai? n
i?aiiaeaaaoaeai.
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia caaeaiea (? 18)
IAIAe (FDD) IAEIAe (HDD) Nei?inoue ia?aaea/e Yeaiaioiay aaca
1 2 > 625 (K aaeo/n) IEN e NEN
I?eioeei ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iaeiieoaey ia AIAe e iaeiieoaey oeia
“Aei/anoa?”
Iniiaie ethaiai aeeneiaiai ono?ienoaa yaeyaony iaaieoiue iineoaeue,
eiathuee oi?io aeenea. iiaa?oiinoue ae eiae/anee ?acaeaeaia ia
eiioeaio?e/aneea ie?oaeiinoe, ion/ao eioi?uo o aeanoeeo aeeneia
ia/eiaaony io oeaio?a, a o aeaeeo aeeneia – io aiaoiae e?iiee aeenea.
Eaaeaeay oaeay eiioeaio?e/aneay ie?oaeiinoue iacaaia aei?iaeeie.
Iaeiaei oae eae aeaonoi?iiiea aeeneaou e oeene?iaaiiua aeenee eiatho
aieueoa iaeiie iiaa?oiinoe, oi aeey ii?aaeaeaiee ianoiiieiaeaiey aaeoa
aeaiiuo iieuecothony o?aoia?iuie eii?aeeiaoaie. Iiiyoea aei?iaeea
caiaiytho iiiyoeai oeeeeiae?- a?oiia aei?iaeae a iaeiie e oie aea
iiceoeee iaaieoiie aieiaee ia anao aeeneao (ieanoeiao) a iaeiii
aeeneiaiaea ii?aaeaeyaony ?ac?aoathuae niiniaiinoueth iiceoeeiia?a
iaaieoiuo aieiaie e aa?oeeaeueiie ieioiinoueth iineoaey, eioi?ay
ecia?yaony /eneii aei?iaeae ia aethei (track per inch – TPI).
Naeoi? i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ciio aei?iaeee, a eioi?ie nianoaaiii e
o?aiyony ?ac?yaeu aeaiiuo. eiee/anoai naeoi?ia ia aei?iaeea caaeneo io
iiiaeo ia?aiaiiuo, ii a iniiaiii ii?aaeaeythony noiia?iie aeeeiie iiey
aeaiiuo e neoaeaaiiai iiey, ia?acothueo naeoi? (ai?eciioaeueiay
ieioiinoue). ?acia? naeoi?a
iau/ii 512E aeey aieueoeinoaa aeeneao e iaeioi?uo oeiia aeanoeeo
aeeneia.
Eioi?iaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a anao oeiia aeeneia aeey ?N AO iaeeiaeiaa e
ii?aaeaeyaony aaciaie iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie DOS. N oi/ee c?aiey
iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu yeaiaioa?iie aaeeieoeae ?aciauaiey aeaiiuo ia
aeenea yaeyaony eeanoa?. Ii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie a?oiio naeoi?ia, n
oi/iinoueth aei eioi?ie i?ienoiaeeo ?aciauaiea oaeeia ia aeenea. A ?N
AO: aeey aeaeiai aeenea iaeei eeanoa? – yoi aeaa naeoi?a (iau/ii 1E),
aeey aeanoeiai aeenea – /aou?a e aieaa (>2K). Oi/iia cia/aiea ?acia?a
eeanoa?a oeacuaaaony a naiii ia?aii naeoi?a aeenea – caa?oci/iii naeoi?a
– Boot sector.
Iaeanoue ia/aeueiie caa?ocee Boot sector
Ei?iaaia iaeaaeaiea Root directory
Iaeanoue aeaiiuo, aeeth/ay iiaeiaeaaeaiey data area
Iaeanoue ia/aeueiie caa?ocee iiiauaaony ia aei?iaeea 0, naeoi? 1,
noi?iia 0 ethaie aeeneaou eee aieiaea 0 aeanoeiai aeenea. Iaeanoue
ia/aeueiie caa?ocee niaea?aeeo aaaeioth eioi?iaoeeth i oeia iineoaey,
no?oeoo?a iineoaey (aeey iaoaiecia iiceoeeiia?a iineoaey) e i oii, eae
aeaiiua ?aciauaiu ia aeenea.
Iiiauaiiay ieaea oaaeeoea aeaiiino?e?oai iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiua
oi?iaou aeaeeo e aeanoeeo aeeneia.
Oei aeeneaou Aieinoue Iaaeo *enei oeeeeiae?ia *enei naeoi?ia ia
aei?iaeea *enei aieiaie
5 1/4 ” 1,2 80 15 2
3 1/2 ” 0,72 80 9 2
1,44 80 18 2
Oei aeanoeiai aeenea Aieinoue Iaaeo *enei oeeeeiae?ia *enei naeoi?ia ia
aei?iaeea *enei aieiaie
?N/OO 10 306 17 4
Oei 20 ia ?N AO 30 733 17 5
Nia?aiaiiua oeiu 128 1024 17 15
iaeiieoaeae 210 1024 34 12
Caa?oci/iue naeoi? aeenea (eee ?acaeaea aeenea) aeieaeai eiaoue
neaaeothuee oi?iao:
+16h 2 Fat Size *enei naeoi?ia a iaeiie FAT eiiaoe A?A
+18h 2 Trk Sects Naeoi?ia ia aei?iaeeo (oeee.)
+1Ah 2 Head Cnt *enei aieiaie *O/CI (iiaa?oi-oae)
+1Bh 2 Hidn Sec *enei ne?uouo naeoi?ia
+1Eh ?acia? oi?iaoe?iaaiiie ii?oeee ei?iaaiai naeoi?a, ia/aei eiaea e
aeaiiuo caa?ocee
Oaaeeoea ?aciauaiey oaeeia (FAT)
Yoi nayciue nienie, eioi?ue DOS eniieuecoao aeey ioneaaeeaaiey
oece/aneiai ?aniieiaeaiey aeaiiuo ia aeenea e aeey iienea naiaiaeiie
iaiyoe aeey iiauo oaeeia. I?e ?aciauaiee oaeea ia aeenea FAT auaeaeyao
ianoi ia aeenea n aeene?aoiinoueth n iaeei eeanoa?, iineieueeo FAT
?anniao?eaaao ana naeoi?u iaeiiai eeanoa?a eae iaeei naeoi?. Anee oaee
ia caiieiyao auaeaeaiiua aio naeoi?u a eeanoa?a, oi iie oa?ythony e ia
iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu aeey ae?oaiai oaeea. Oaee iiaeao caieiaoue
ianiaaeiua eeanoa?u, oiaaea FAT naycuaaao eeanoa?u a oeaii/ee. ?acia?
yeaiaioa FAT io eniieuecoaiiai aeenea. FAT aeeth/aao 12-?ac?yaeiue
yeaiaio (1,5 aaeoa) (eee 16-?ac?yaeiue – aeey aeanoeeo aeeneia
aieinoueth nauoa 10 Iaaeo) aeey eaaeaeiai eeanoa?a.
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue aeenea ii?aaeaeyaony /aou?ueiy iniiaiuie
oece/aneeie ia?aiao?aie:
a?aiaiai aeinooia (in)
?acia?ii oeeeeiae?a (naeoi?ia)
nei?inoueth ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo (Eaaeo/n)
n?aaeiei a?aiaiai iaeeaeaiey (in)
A?aiy aeinooia – oi a?aiy, eioi?ia o?aaoaony aeey ia?aaiaea aieiaie
/oaiey-caiene ia ioaeiua aei?iaeee (oeeeeiae?u). Iinea onoaiiaee iaae
ioaeiuie aei?iaeeaie aieiaee aeieaeiu ia?aeoe ec o?ainii?oiiai
iieiaeaiey a iieiaeaiea /oaiey-caiene. Ana yoi e ninoaaeyao iau/ii a?aiy
aeinooia.
Nei?inoue ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo (nei?inoue, n eioi?ie iie auaeathony n
aeenea) caaeneo io nei?inoe a?auaiey aeenea, ieioiinoe caiene e
naeoi?iiai eioa?eeaeiaa. (?anneiaiea. Oaeoi? eioa?eeaeiaa, ?aaiue 4
icia/aao, /oi eiathony o?e naeoi?a, ?acaeaeythuea niaaeiua naeoi?a.
Neaaeiaaiea naeoi?ia iiae aieiaeie aoaeao neaaeothuei- naeoi? 1, naeoi?
X, naeoi? Y, naeoi? Z, naeoi? 2 e o.ae.). I?e eiyooeoeeaioa
eioa?eeaeiaa, ?aaiiai 6, o ?N OO nei?inoue ia?aaea/e nieaeaaony n 5 I
aeo/n aei 0.83 I aeo/n.
N?aaeiaa a?aiy iaeeaeaiey – a?aiy, ca eioi?ia aeene niaa?oeo iieiaeio
iai?ioa e ioaeiue naeoi? ieaaeaony iiae aieiaeie.
Iaoaieci iauaiey eiio?ieea?a n aeeneii
Eiio?ieea? aeanoeiai aeenea
Eniieueciaaiea eiio?ieea?a DMA (I?yiiai aeinooia e iaiyoe) a ianoiyuaa
a?aiy ia i?eiaiyaony aeey iia?aoeee aaiaea-auaiaea n aeanoeei aeeneii.
Eiio?ieea? a aeanoeiai aeenea a AO eniieuecoao 512-aaeoiue naeoi?iue
aooa?, e eioi?iio II (i80286) ia?auaaony eae e 16-?ac?yaeiiio
ono?ienoao. Eiaaea yoio aooa? iieii eee iono, eiio?ieea? i?a?uaaao II
(n iiiiuueth INT 14), iinea /aai aeaiiua ia?aaeathony i?e iiiiue
no?ieiauo eiiaiae aaiaea-auaiaea a iaiyoue eee ec iaiyoe ni nei?inoueth
2 Iaaeoa a naeoiaeo (o IBM XT, eniieueciaaaoaai iiaenenoaio DMA,
nei?inoue ia?aaea/e a aeaa ?aca ieaea). Oaeay nei?inoue aeinoeaaaony ca
n/ao eniieueciaaiey o?ao oaeoia (aeeth/ay iaeii ninoiyiea iaeeaeaiey)
aeey ia?aiina aeaiiuo (16 aeo) a i?ioeanni? e aua o?ao oaeoia (aeeth/ay
aua iaeii ninoiyiea iaeeaeaiey) aeey ia?aiina aeaiiuo a iaiyoue. Oaeei
ia?acii, aeey ia?aaea/e aeaoo aaeoia aeaiiuo eniieuecoaony oanoue oaeoia
oeiu.
Oaaeeoea ia?aiao?ia aeanoeiai aeenea
Iia iaoiaeeony ii aae?ano aaeoi?a i?a?uaaiey INT 41h aeey ia?aiai
aeanoeiai aeenea e INT 46h aeey aoi?iai (anee ii anoue):
Niau. Aeeeia
Niaea?aeeiia
+0 2
Iaeneiaeueiia /enei oeeeeiae?ia
+2 1
Iaeneiaeueiia /enei aieiaie
+3 2
Ia eniieuecoaony a AO
+5 2
Noa?oiaue oeeeeiae? i?aaeeiiiainaoeee caiene
+7 1
Ia eniieuecoaony a AO
+8 1
Oi?aaeythuee aaeo
7: cai?ao iiaoi?iiai aeinooia
6: cai?ao iiaoi?aiey ii ioeaea ANN
3: aieaa 8 aieiaie
+9 1
Ia eniieuecoaony a AO
+0Ah 1
Ia eniieuecoaony a AO
+0Bh 1
Ia eniieuecoaony a AO
+0Ch 2
Ciia ia?eiaee aieiaie
+0Eh 1
Eiee/anoai naeoi?ia ia aei?iaeeo
+0Fh 1
?aca?a
Iaoiaeu eiio?iey ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee i?e iaiaia YAI e ACO
Aeaoaeou eioi?iaoeee, o?aieiie ia iaaieoiii iineoaea iiaeii
iiae?acaeaeeoue ia aeaa iniiaiua a?oiiu:
A?aiaiiua (ia?aoeiua) – yoi iueue, /anoeoeu ioneieaoaainy eaeiaiai
iie?uoey.
Iinoiyiiua (iaia?aoeiua) – yoi ?acee/iua oea?aieiu, o?aueiu a
iie?uoee, i?eeeioay a?ycue e o. i.
Aeey iaia?oaeaiey e ei??aeoeee ioeaie auee ?ac?aaioaiu nenoaiu
eiaee?iaaiey eioi?iaoeee n ecauoi/iinoueth (aiaae?aiea eiio?ieueiuo
?ac?yaeia, ia?acoaiuo n iiiiuueth auiieiaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo
a?eoiaoe/aneeo iia?aoeee iaae anaie eioi?iaoeeiiiuie ?ac?yaeaie).
Ii neaaeoao o/eouaaoue i?e ?ac?aaioea e i?eiaiaiee eiie?aoiie nenoaiu
eiaee?iaaiey, /oi aiciiaeiinoue iaia?oaeaiey e ei??aeoeee ioeaie
aic?anoaao n ecauoi/iinoueth eiaea, ii iaeiia?aiaiii oneiaeiyaony
aeai?eoi eiaee?iaaiey e aeaeiaee?iaaiey e, eae neaaenoaea, aic?anoaao
iauai aooa?iie iaiyoe, e nieaeaaony nei?inoue ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee ,
oneiaeiyaony aiia?aoo?a eiaee?iaaiey e aeaeiaee?iaaiey e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, nenoaia noaiiaeony iaiaa iaaeaaeiie.
Aeey aeaie/iiai eiaea I niiauaiee, eaaeaeia ec eioi?uo eiaao aeeio n,
iiaeii caeiaee?iaaoue, anee auiieiyaony oneiaea: 2n >=M eee n>=log2 M.
I?eaaaeai i?eia?u ?acee/iuo iaoiaeia eiaee?iaaiey:
Ionoue eiathony /aou?a niauoey:
A1, A2, A3, A4, i?e/ai aa?iyoiinoe eo iiyaeaiey ?acee/iu:
?(A1)=0,5; ?(A2)=0,25; ?(A3)= ?(A1)=0,125.
?aaiiia?iia eiaee?iaaiea – aac o/aoa aa?iyoiinoe iiyaeaiey oiai eee
eiiai niauoey.
Iaoiae Oaiii – A1=02; A2=102; A3=1102; A4=1112 . Yoi i?eia?
ia?aaiiia?iiai eiaee?iaaiey n o/aoii aa?iyoiinoe iiyaeaiey niauoey.
Nenoaia Oaiii iaeiicia/ii aeaeiaee?oaia, iineieueeo ie iaeii A ia
yaeyaony i?aoeenii neaaeothuaai. Oaeea nenoaiu eiaee?iaaiey iacuaatho
i?aoeeniuie.
Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee eiaeia:
Aeeeia eiaea n *enei neiaieia, ninoaaeythueo eiaeiaia neiai
Iniiaaiea eiaea m Eiee/anoai ioee/iuo ae?oa io ae?oaa cia/aiee
eiioeueniuo i?eciaeia, eniieuecoaiuo a eiaeiaii neiaa
Iiuiinoue eiaea I? /enei ?ac?aoaiiuo eiaeiauo neia
Iieiia /enei eiaeiauo
neia I ana aiciiaeiua eiaeiaua neiaa
*enei eioi?iaoeeiiiuo neiaieia k aac eiiiaioa?eaa
*enei i?iaa?i/iuo neiaieia r aac eiiiaioa?eaa
Ecauoi/iinoue eiaea R R=r/n
Nei?inoue ia?aaea/e eiaeiauo neia R’ R’=k/n
Eiaeiaia ?annoiyiea d *enei ianiaiaaeathueo iiceoeee aeaoo eiaeiauo neia
Eiay iaeei ecauoi/iuo neiaie, iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue oieueei ia/aoiia
eiee/anoai ioeaie. Iiyoiio eniieuecotho ae?oaie iaoiae. Iauyniei ia
i?eia?a:
Ionoue aeieaeii i?eeoe 9-?ac?yaeiia /enei. ?aniieiaeei i?eoiaeyuea
?ac?yaeu neaaeothuei ia?acii:
N4 N5 N6 N7
N1 A N2 A N3 A N4 A N5 A N6= N7
Ionoue i?eoiaeeo /enei 011010001. Ionoue i?iecioea ioeaea a 7-ii
?ac?yaea
Ia?aaeaii I?eiyoi
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1
1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
I?e n?aaiaiee A7A A8A A9 = N3 a no?iea
A1A A4A A7 = N4 a noieaoea
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ioeai/iue ?ac?yae eieaeeciaai iiaeii eni?aaeoue.
Ii yoi aue neo/ae aaeeie/iie ioeaee, a n aeaieiie ioeaeie yoio iaoiae ia
ni?aaeyaony, oi anoue ii?aaeaeeoue iiaeao, ii eni?aaeoue – iao.
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0
Ia ?enoiea aeaeii, /oi, eniieuecoy yoio iaoiae, iaeuecy iiiyoue, aaea
i?iecioea ioeaea (A2 , A3 , A8 , A9).
Aeey aeaeueiaeoaai iauyniaiey d(x,y) iaaeaeo aeaoiy eiaeiauie neiaaie o
e o iacuaaaony /enei ianiaiaaeathueo iiceoeee. I?eia?: o=01101, o=00111
d(x,y)=2. Yoi ?annoiyiea iacuaaaony eiaeiaui ?annoiyiea Oaiieiaa.
Eoae, eiae niiniaai eni?aaeoue ethaua eiiaeiaoeee ec q eee iaiueoaai
/enea ioeaie oiaaea e oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea aai eiaeiaia ?annoiyiea >
2q. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy oieueei aeey eiaeia n dmin iieo/aii oaeia
niioiioaiea iaaeaeo /eneii i?iaa?i/iuo neiaieia r e aeeeiie eiaea n:
r>= log2 (n+1).
Oeeeee/aneea eiaeu
Oeeeee/aneeie eiaeaie iacuaathony oaeea eiaeu, eioi?ua n ethaui naiei
aaeoi?ii niaea?aeeo oaeaea aai oeeeee/aneee naeaea. Oeeeee/aneea eiaeu
iniiaaiu ia i?aaenoaaeaiee ia?aaeaaaaiuo aeaiiuo a aeaea iieeiiia
(iiiai/eaia) e eniieuecothony i?e iineaaeiaaoaeueiie ia?aaea/a
eioi?iaoeee iaaeaeo I?ioeanni?ii e ACO.
a(o)= a0+a1 o+a2 o2+…+ an-1 on-1 Aeey aaeoi?a a(a0, a1, …,
an-1).
Oeeeee/aneee naeaea a’(o)= an-1 +a0x +a1 o2+…+ an-2 on-1 .
N iiiiuueth yoeo eiaeia iiaeii iaia?oaeeaaoue:
Ioeaee a 1 aeoa, anee ii?iaeaeathuee iiiai/eai niaea?aeeo > 1 /eaia,
Ioeaee a 2 aeoao, anee ii?iaeaeathuee iiiai/eai niaea?aeeo 3 /eaia,
Ioeaee a ia/aoiii eiee/anoaa aeoia, anee ii?iaeaeathuee iiiai/eai
niaea?aeeo iiiaeeoaeue (o+1),
Iaeaou ioeaie aeeeiie iaiaa e+1 aeo, anee ii?iaeaeathuee iiiai/eai
niaea?aeeo iiiaeeoaeue (o+1), e iaeei iiiaeeoaeue n 3iy /eaiaie e aieaa
(e+1 – /enei aeo ii?iaeaeathuaai iiiai/eaia).
I?eioeei iino?iaiey oeeeee/aneeo eiaeia
Eaaeaeay eiaeiaay eiiaeiaoeey Q(x) oiiiaeaaony ia iaeii/eai xr , a caoai
aeaeeony ia iiiai/eai. Noaiaiue eaaeaeiai iaeii/eaia, aoiaeyuaai a Q(x),
iiauoaaony ia r. I?e aeaeaiee iieo/aaony N(o) oaeie aea noaiaie, /oi e
Q(x), e inoaoie ?(o) noaiaie ia aieaa r-1, iaeaieueoaa /enei ?ac?yaeia
eioi?iai =2q+1 e r 1011100
*oaiea
Iinea i?eaia anae eioi?iaoeee i?iaa?yaony niaea?aeeiia anao ?ac?yaeia
?aaeno?a, e anee ana ioee, oi ioeaie iao.
Aea?aai ooieoeee iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiio?ieea?a
1 O?iaaiue
F0 Oi?aaeaiea ACO
2 O?iaaiue
F1 I?aaiecaoeey nii?yaeaiey n OeI
F0 F2 I?iiaaeooi/iay ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee
F3 I?aaiecaoeey nii?yaeaiey n ACO
3 O?iaaiue
F11 Iaiai ia?aeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeeae
F1 F12 Oi?ie?iaaiea e o?aiaiea neiaa ninoiyiey eaiaea (NEE)
F13 Oi?aaeaiea iaiaiii
F2 F21 O?aiaiea ia?aeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee
F22 Ia?aaioea i?eieiaaiie eioi?iaoeee
F3 F31 Oi?aaeaiea i?eaiaeii
F32 Ia?aaioea iineaaeiaaoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee
4 O?iaaiue
F11.1 I?eai ia?aeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee ec OeI
F11 F11.2 Ia?aaea/a ia?aeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee a OeI
F11.3 O?aiaiea ia?aaeaaaaiie eioi?iaoeee
F12 F12.1 I?eai NEE
F12.2 Ia?aaea/a NEE
F13 F13.1 Aiaeec iinooiathueo neaiaeia
F13.2 Auaea/a oi?aaeythueo neaiaeia
F21.1 I?eai ia?aaeaaaaiuo aeaiiuo
F21 F21.2 O?aiaiea ia?aaeaaaaiuo aeaiiuo
F21.3 I?eai neoaeaaiie eioi?iaoeee
F21.4 O?aiaiea neoaeaaiie eioi?iaoeee
F22.1 Aiaeec neiaa ninoiyiey ACO
F22 F22.2 Oi?ie?iaaiea oi?aaeythuaai neiaa ACO
F22.3 Aiaeec eioi?iaoeee, ia?aaeaaaaiie ec ACO
F31 F31.1 Ia?aaea/a oi?aaeythuaai neiaa a ACO
F31.2 I?eai neiaa ninoiyiey ACO
F32.1 Eiaee?iaaiea eioi?iaoeee
F32.2 Aeaeiaee?iaaiea eioi?iaoeee
F32 F32.3 Oi?ie?iaaiea oeeeee/aneiai eiaea eiio?iey (CRC)
F32.4 Iiiciaaaiea ia?ea?ia
F32.5 Ia?aeeaeueii-iineaaeiaaoaeueiua i?aia?aciaaiey eioi?iaoeee
Ooieoeeiiaeueii-eiae/aneay noaia
aeiea eiio?iey ioeaie
……
…..
……
….
1533 EI2
…..
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
1. iiae ?aae. I.E.Ia?oaneia “?oeiaiaenoai ii a?oeoaeoo?a IBM PC AT”,
Ieine, III “Eiinoe”, 1993
2. I. Ii?oii, ?.Oeeoii “IBM PC e PS/2. ?oeiaiaenoai ii
i?ia?aiie?iaaieth.” I.,“?aaeei e Naycue”, 1994
3. ?.A?aoi, Aeae.Eaee
iiae ?aae. E.A.Oeiiaaiiaa “Ni?aai/iee ii i?a?uaaieyi IBM PC”, I,
“Ie?”, 1994
4. A.I.Aaeaoia,
Ae.A.Iocaieia “I?iaeoe?iaaiea eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeythueo nenoai”,
I.,“?aaeei e naycue”, 1987
5. A.I.Eaaai “YAI e nenoaiu”, I., “Yia?aiaoiiecaeao”, 1985
Iaeaaeaiea
TOC \o “1-3” Caaeaiea ia eo?niaia i?iaeoe?iaaiea… GOTOBUTTON
_Toc388076430 PAGEREF _Toc388076430 1
I?eioeei ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iaeiieoaey ia AIAe e iaeiieoaey oeia
“Aei/anoa?” GOTOBUTTON _Toc388076432 PAGEREF _Toc388076432 2
Iaoaieci iauaiey eiio?ieea?a n aeeneii GOTOBUTTON _Toc388076433
PAGEREF _Toc388076433 5
Eiio?ieea? aeanoeiai aeenea GOTOBUTTON _Toc388076434 PAGEREF
_Toc388076434 5
Iaoiaeu eiio?iey ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee i?e iaiaia YAI e ACO GOTOBUTTON
_Toc388076435 PAGEREF _Toc388076435 6
Oeeeee/aneea eiaeu GOTOBUTTON _Toc388076436 PAGEREF _Toc388076436
8
Aea?aai ooieoeee iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiio?ieea?a GOTOBUTTON
_Toc388076437 PAGEREF _Toc388076437 11
Ooieoeeiiaeueii-eiae/aneay noaia aeiea eiio?iey ioeaie GOTOBUTTON
_Toc388076438 PAGEREF _Toc388076438 14
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u GOTOBUTTON _Toc388076439 PAGEREF _Toc388076439
15
Iaeaaeaiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc388076440 PAGEREF _Toc388076440 15
PAGE
PAGE 15
Iineaa
1996 a.
Naeoi?
Aei?iaeee
2
1
…
iai?aaeaiea a?auaiey
3
3
Aeie
ia?aiao?ia BIOS
Aeiaaaei i?iaa?i/iua neiaieu
Aeie Iaiyoe Iee?ii?ia?aii
ICO
Iiea iia?aoeee a AEO
Iiea aae?ana neaae. neiaa
Iiea aae?ana
iia?aiaeia
Aeie oeaio?aeueiiai oi?aaeaiey
Nii?yaeaiea n eaiaeii
AEO
Iaia?oaeaiea e ei??aeoeey ioeaie
Aeie ICO
Ni?yaeaiea n iaeiieoaeai
D O
C
D O
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D O
C
D O
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1
&
D O
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D O
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D O
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