1
Eiiiuethoa?iay aaciianiinoue e aceii eiiiuethoa?iuo
nenoai.
EIIIUeTHOA?IAss AACIIANIINOUe E ACEII EIIIUeTHOA?IUO
NENOAI.
AAAAeAIEA
1. EIIIUeTHOA?IUA I?ANOOIEAIEss
1.1 Aeaiaaeiua e?aaee
1.2 Naaioaae
1.3 Ae?oaea aeaeu e?aae
1.4 Oaea?noai
2. ENOI?Ess I?ANOOIEAIEss EEAA?AAIANOA?A EAAEIA A. (N-IAOA?AO?A)
2.1 A?ano i?anooiiie a?oiiu.
2.2 Oaaoea i?anooieaiey
2.3 Enoi?ey ia?aciaaiey i?anooiiie a?oiiu
2.4. Iaia?oaeaiea ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai i?iieeiiaaiey
AEAEEIA?AOE*ANEEE NIENIE
AAAAeAIEA
A iaoe aeie ethaee ana aieueoa e aieueoa caaeoiuaathony iaae i?iaeaiie
eiiiuethoa?iie aaciianiinoe. Ii, ianiio?y ia yoi, a caueoiie a?iia
ethaie nenoaiu nouanoaoao iaiaei i?i?ao. Nenoaiiua aaeieieno?aoi?u
iiaoo aaneiia/ii oneeeaaoue caueoo, ii niinia iaieoe aa anaaaea
iaeaeaony. Ethaee a aieueoeinoaa naiai iuneyo e aeaenoaotho iaeeiaeiai.
Oi, aei /aai aeiaeoiaeny iaeei /aeiaae, aeiaeoiaaony e ae?oaie, /oi
iaeei ne?ue – ae?oaie ?ane?iao. A caiaaeiie eeoa?aoo?a auneacuaaaony
i?aaeiieiaeaiea i?iaiaeeoue ?acee/ea iaaeaeo oa?ieiii oaea? (haker),
eioi?ui i?aaeeaaaaony iaicia/aoue eiiiuethoa?iiai i?ioanneiiaea
aunieiai o?iaiy, ia aiaea/aiiiai a i?ioeaii?aaioth aeayoaeueiinoue , e
e?yea?a (cracker) – oi anoue oaea?a, i?eiaiythuaai naie niiniaiinoe aeey
aceiia eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoai n ei?unoiie oeaeueth. [ 1 ]
1. Eiiiuethoa?iua i?anooieaiey
Eiiiuethoa?iua i?anooieaiey i?eia?aee a no?aiao n ?acaeoie
oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiie eio?ano?oeoo?ie ianoieueei oe?ieia
?ani?ino?aiaiea, /oi aeey ai?ueau n ieie a oaieiaiia
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai auee aaaaeaiu niaoeeaeueiua ninoaau i?anooieaiee.
Iaeiaei ai anao no?aiao ie?a ioia/aaony eaaeiiia?aciue ?ino
eiiiuethoa?iie i?anooiiinoe. Aaeaaiaeiue yeiiiie/aneee oua?a io oaeiai
?iaea i?anooieaiee oieueei a NOA ninoaaeyao ieiei 100 ie?ae. aeieea?ia,
i?e/ai iiiaea iioa?e ia iaia?oaeeaathony eee i ieo ia niiauatho ii
i?e/eia aunieie eaoaioiinoe ( ne?uoiinoe) aeaiiuo i?anooieaiee (90%).
Aeaiiua ii ?innee, iioaeeeiaaiiua a n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee,
iaiaa “yooaeoiu”, ii e iie ianoi?aaeeaatho.
A 1993 aiaeo a Iineaa n eniieueciaaieai niiniaia ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai
aeinooia auei niaa?oaii iieooaiea ia oeuaiea 68 ie?ae. 309 iei. ?oa. ec
Oeaio?iaaiea ?innee. A ia/aea 90-o aiaeia auea caoeene?iaaia iiiuoea
aiaae?eoue ae?on a oaoiieiae/aneoth ANO Eaiaeeineie AYN. A 1996 aiaeo
auei caoeene?iaaii ia?ooaiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey AON OI AACa a
?acoeueoaoa n?aaaouaaiey i?ia?aiiu oeia “eiae/aneay aiiaa”. Ii
eioi?iaoeee neoaeau aaciianiinoe ?AI “Aaci?ii”, aei/a?iea i?aaei?eyoey
eiioea?ia noieeioeenue n iiiuoeaie i?ai?anooiiinoe i?eaaaiooue e
oaioaaeo e auiiaaoaeuenoao. Yoi noaei aiciiaeiui, a /anoiinoe, ca n/ao
ooa/ee aeaiiuo ii oaoie/aneei eaiaeai, aaaeaiey i?anooiieeaie aeoeaiiai
i?iiuoeaiiiai oieiiaaea. [ 2 ]
Aeaaiaea?y noa?aieyi oaea?ia “yeaeo?iiiue aceii” ec Eioa?iaoa a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?aoeaaeaio aeinoaoi/ii oa?aeoa?iue, oioy ia anaaaea
ceiiaia?aiiue. A yoie nayce eiiiuethoa?iuo aceiiueeia iauaaeeiytho a
ianeieueei a?oii.
“Ethaiciaoaeueiuie” oaea?aie ca/anooth yaeythony nooaeaiou,
“iooaoanoaothuea” ii Eioa?iaoo, eee niaoeeaeenou, aeaaeaeouea
i?ioanneiiaeueiiai naiiooaa?aeaeaiey – ?aciiai ?iaea yenia?eiaioaoi?u
e enneaaeiaaoaee.
Aoi?oth a?oiio ninoaaeytho ethaee, eioi?ua eiatho eiie?aoiua
eiiia?/aneea, ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiua eee i?i/ea eioa?anu.
O?aouey a?oiia , iaeaieaa iianiay – yoi aceiiueee e aeeaa?naiou. Eo
oeaeue – oie/oiaeeoue aacu aeaiiuo, ia?aeeciaaoue ?aaioo, auaanoe ec
no?iy eiiiuethoa?iua naoe.
A iineaaeiaa a?aiy iiyaeeanue iiaay ?aciiaeaeiinoue i?anooiiinoe –
aiaae?aiea eiiiuethoa?iuo ae?onia, eioi?uo auyaeaii oaea aieaa o?aonio.
Iioaeeeiaaiiua a i?anna ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee, i?iaaaeaiiuo
niaoeeaeenoaie, iicaieytho ninoaaeoue i?eia?iue nioeeieiae/aneee
ii?o?ao nia?aiaiiiai oaea?a. Aic?ano i?aaiia?ooeoaeae eieaaeaony a
oe?ieeo a?aieoeao – io 15 aei 45 eao, i?e/ai ia iiiaio niaa?oaiey
i?anooieaiey o o?aoe aic?ano ia i?aauoae 20 eao. Nauoa 80% i?anooiieeia
a eiiiuethoa?iie noa?a – ioae/eiu, aaniethoiia aieueoeinoai eioi?uo
eiaei aunoaa e n?aaeiaa niaoeeaeueiia ia?aciaaiea. Iaeiaei, niaeanii
noaoenoeee, i?ioanneiiaeueiuie i?ia?aiienoaie ec eaaeaeie ouny/e
eiiiuethoa?iuo i?anooieaiee niaa?oaii oieueei naiue. [ 1 ]
Iioeau i?anooieaiee – naiua ?aciiia?aciua: ei?unoiua niia?aaeaiey
(66%), oieiiaae, aeeaa?nee (17%), enneaaeiaaoaeueneee eioa?an (7%),
ooeeaainoai e ici?noai (5%), ianoue (5%).
Eiiiuethoa?iua i?anooieaiey aeaeyony ia naiue iniiaiuo eaoaai?ee, oae
eee eia/a naycaiiuo n oaea?noaii: oeiainiaua e?aaee, naaioaae, e?aaee
aiia?aoiiai iaania/aiey, e?aaee i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey, e?aaee
eioi?iaoeee e yeaeo?iiiue oieiiaae. A naaeueiia “i?anooieaiea” –
eiiiuethoa?iia oaea?noai.
1.1 Aeaiaaeiua e?aaee
Oeiainiaua e?aaee i?ienoiaeyo, eiaaea eiiiuethoa?iua caiene eciaiythony
a oeaeyo i?enaiaiey /oaeeo aeaiaa. *anoi yoi aeaeaaony n iiiiuueth
i?ia?aiiu, iai?aaeythuae aeaiueae ia eiie?aoiue aaieianeee n/ao, iau/ii
n iiiiuueth oaoieee “naeyie”. [ 3 ]
“Naeyie” – yoi iaoiae, i?aaeiieaaathuee e?aaee iaaieueoeo noii a oa/aiea
aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie a iaaeaaeaea, /oi yoi ia aoaeao caia/aii. Ai?u
ia?ai?ia?aiie?otho aaieianeee eee eaeie-eeai ae?oaie eiiiuethoa? oae,
/oiau aeaiueae iinooiaee ia eeiiaua n/aoa.
Iai?eia? , ia n/aoa iiaeao o?aieoueny 713.14863, aaea 863 neo/aeiua
oeeo?u, oae eae i?e oiiiaeaiee o/eouaathony ana ciaee. Iau/ii
eiiiuethoa? iieacuaaao, /oi o aeaiiiai eeoea a aaiea 713.15$, ie?oaeyy 4
aei 5. Iaeiaei eiiiuethoa? cai?ia?aiie?iaaiiue n “naeyie” ioaeaeyao yoe
yeno?a-/enea e iiiauaao eo ia ioaeaeueiua n/aoa. E oaia?ue /aeiaae eiaao
oieueei 713.14$, e a?yae ee eoi yoi caiaoeo.
Eiiiuethoa? nai ia iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoue aeaiueae, ii iiaeao oieueei
ia?aaanoe eaaaeueiua aeaiueae ia iaeaaaeueiue n/ao. Oaeea e?aaee
aeiaieueii o?oaeii iaia?oaeeoue. Eae oieueei ia n/aoa o ai?a
neaieeaaaony aeiaieueii aieueoay noiia, ii nieiaao aeaiueae ni n/aoa e,
a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa, oaeaeyaony aianoa n ieie. Iiiaea ai?u iuoaeenue
eniieueciaaoue yoo oi?io ia?aaeaiey aaiea, e iiiaea auee iieiaiu, ii
nae/an yoi iiaeao naeaeaoue eaaeaeue.
Auyaeoue i?eiaiaiea iiaeiaiie oaoieee iiaeii oae ia eiiiuethoa?a
nicaeaaony nienie anao n/aoia n oeacaieai, neieueei ?ac a oa/aiea
iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo aeiae e n/aoo ia?auaeenue. Caoai ethaie n/ao,
eioi?ue cao?aaiaaeny neeoeii /anoi, i?iaa?yaony, /oiau onoaiiaeoue,
neieueei aeaiaa n iaai nieiaeinue ai a?aiy eaaeaeiai ia?auaiey. Anee yoi
noiia iaaieueoay – cia/eo eiio-oi iiaacei.
Ii ioeaea yoeo a?aaeoaeae caeeth/aaony a oii , /oi aianoi oiai, /oiau
ia?ai?ia?aiie?iaaoue eiiiuethoa? aeey ia?aaea/e iaaieueoeo noii ia n/ao,
ei neaaeiaaei i?inoi au/eoaoue yoe aeaiueae e neaaeeoue ca oai, neieueei
aeaiaa niaa?aony a iaeanoe, ioaeaeueiie io oaeeia ni n/aoaie. Caoai
eciaiythony oa /anoe i?ia?aiiu, eioi?ua ?ania/aouaatho iauaa eiee/anoai
aaieianeeo aeeaaeia, aeey o/aoa ne?uoie noiiu, /oiau yoe aeaiueae ia
eacaeenue ooa?yiiuie. Eiaaea ni?yoaiiia /enei aeinoeaaao ii?aaeaeaiiie
aaee/eiu, oieueei oiaaea aai neaaeoao ia?aaiaeeoue ia n/ao ai?a, i?e/ai
ia?aaiaeyueany noiiu aeieaeiu ?aaiyoueny neo/aeiui aaee/eiai, aeaau
ecaaaeaoue iiaeic?aiee.
Oaeea aeaenoaey i?aaeiieaaatho iaee/ea aeinooia e eiiiuethoa?o. Iau/ii
eo niaa?oatho nio?oaeieee aaiea. Anee oaeoth e?aaeo niaa?oaao nio?oaeiee
n ia?aie/aiiui o?iaiai aeinooia eee ia nio?oaeiee aaiea, oi iaiaoiaeei
aceii.
1.2 Naaioaae
Eiiiuethoa?iue naaioaae – yoi oece/aneia ?ac?ooaiea aiia?aoiiai eee
i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey, eeai eneaaeaiea eee oie/oiaeaiea
niaea?aeauaeny a eiiiuethoa?a eioi?iaoeee. I?e/eiie naaioaaea iiaeao
yaeyoueny aeaeaiea ecaaaeoueny io eiieo?aioa eee iieo/eoue no?aoiaeo.
Eiiiuethoa?iia oaea?noai eeoue einaaiii naycaii n naaioaaeai. Ia?aoiay
nioeeaeueiay eiaeaia?ey eniieuecoao ia/oi a?iaea naaioaaea, ii ia naiii
aeaea yoi anaai eeoue a?aiaiiue e eaaei ono?aiyaiue auaiae eiiiuethoa?a
ec no?iy. [ 3 ]
Eiiiuethoa?iua aaiaeaeu /anoi iiaeaa?aatho naaioaaeo eioi?iaoeeth,
o?aiyuothny a eiiiuethoa?ao, nia?aa eniieueciaaa oaea?neea iaoiaeu
iieo/aiey aeinooia e iei. Ii ia noieo iooaoue aaiaeaeia e ae?oaeo
i?eaa?aeaioeaa naaioaaea aeaiiuo n oaea?aie. Yoe ethaee aaiaeyo eiaeioth
eioi?iaoeeth a eiiiuethoa?iua nenoaiu, oae eee eia/a iia?aaeaeay aacu
aeaiiuo.
1.3 Ae?oaea aeaeu e?aae
Iiaoo aeeth/aoue a naay e?aaee aiia?aoiiai iaania/aiey eee naiiai
eiiiuethoa?a e ia?eoa?ee, a oaeaea ai?ianoai eiiiuethoa?iuo ?ac?aaioie.
Iie ioiinyony e oaea?noao iinoieueeo, iineieueeo oe?aaeaiiue eiiiuethoa?
iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny aeey iieo/aiey eiaeia aeinooia. A neo/aa
eiiiuethoa?iiai ie?aonoaa oaea? iiaeao oaeii /eoaoue yeaeo?iiioth ii/oo
eee oaeeu ?ac?aaio/eea, iuoaynue oe?anoue iiaua eaeae. [ 3 ]
E?aaee i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey, eee i?ia?aiiiia ie?aonoai, – yoi
iaeaaaeueiia eiie?iaaiea i?ia?aii, caueuaiiuo aaoi?neeie i?aaaie. Oaea?u
/anoi aeaeatho aeey naay eiiee i?ia?aii, iaeaeaiiuo a eiiiuethoa?iie
nenoaia, /oiau iiiyoue, eae iie ?aaioatho. *oi eanaaony e?aae
aiia?aoiiai iaania/aiey, caeanue i?enoonoaoao aeaeaiea aeiaiaoue
eiieo?aioa a iaeanoe iiauo ?ac?aaioie i?ia?aii.
E?aaee eioi?iaoeee aeeth/atho e?aaee e?aaeeoiuo ea?oi/ae, ?acoeueoaoia
eaai?aoi?iuo enneaaeiaaiee, aeaiiua i iaoeeaioao eee eeeaioao e aiiaua
ethauo aeaiiuo, iaeaaeathueo iioaioeeaeueiie oeaiiinoueth. Yeaeo?iiiui
oieiiaaeai iacuaaaony i?iaeaaea oaeie eioi?iaoeee o?aoueae noi?iia,
eiaaea oaea? ia/eiaao oieiieoue ia ae?oaoth eiiiaieth eee no?aio. A
iaieo neo/ayo aeey e?aae eioi?iaoeee, a eiiaaea e aeey onoaiiaeaiey
eiioaeoa ni oieiineei aaaionoaii onoaiaaeeaaaony oaea?neay oaoiee.
1.4 Oaea?noai
Oaea?u niiniaiu niaa?oaoue ethaua ec auoa auoaia?a/eneaiiuo
i?anooieaiee, ii iiiaea ethaee caieiathony aceiiii /oaeeo eiiiuethoa?iuo
nenoai ec-ca no?aieaiey e ciaieyi – yoi oae iacuaaaiia “/enoia”
oaea?noai. Ana aea iiiaea oaea?u, aeaaea eo/oea ec ieo. aianee naie
aeeaae a nicaeaiea ieioie ?aiooaoeee oaea?noaa, oae eae eie ?oeiaiaeeee
ae?oaea iioeau iaaeaee iieo/aiea ciaiee. Ano?a/athony e
oaea?u-?ac?ooeoaee, e oaeea, eioi?ua i?inoi ia iiaoo aia?aiy
inoaiiaeoueny e aueoe ec ea?u. [ 3 ]
Nouanoaoao e oaea?noai “ii iaeio”. *anoiua eeoea aioiau ieaoeoue oaea?ai
ca oi, /oiau oa eciaieee aeey ieo eioi?iaoeeth ia eiiiuethoa?a :
n/aoa, o?iaie aeinooia e o.i. Eiiaaea ethaee oioyo oie/oiaeeoue
eioi?iaoeeth naieo naaa, iineieueeo oe?uaathony. *anoiua nuueee oiaea
iiaoo ainiieueciaaoueny oneoaaie oaea?ia, /oiau iaeoe oaeaoiiiua iiia?a,
aae?ana e ae?oaoth iaiaoiaeeioth ei /anoioth eioi?iaoeeth, o?aiyuothny
a eiiiuethoa?ao. Nio?oaeieee ioenia iaieiatho oaea?ia. /oiau i?i/anoue
yeaeo?iiioth ii/oo e oaeeu naieo eieeaa e eiieo?aioia. Oaea?u
caieiathony ia oieueei i?iiuoeaiiui, ii e ainoaea?noaaiiui
oieiiaaeai.
I?ioee, eacaeinue au, a?aiaia iaeaiuo iieueciaaoaeae e
aeaaiaiaaeiiai no?aoa ia?aae oaea?ii-iaeeii/eie, n?aaee ii/e
i?iieeathuei a nae?aoiua i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua aacu aeaiiuo, e a?aiaia
naieo oaea?ia-iaeeii/ae.
Ii yoi ia oae. Anaai ianeieueei eao iacaae ?iaa?oo Ii?eno-ieaaeoaio
oaeaeinue i?iieeiooue a nenoaio, eniieuecoy ioeaee, eioi?ua ieeoi ia
iio?oaeeeny caiaoeoue e eni?aaeoue. Eoi aua ciaao, neieueei oaeeo ioeaie
aeaeao naiaai /ana? Iaeuecy caauaaoue e i aeoiinoe: nouanoaotho
aeaiiino?aoeeiiiua ?aaeeiu, ia?u ii aaciianiinoe, eioi?ua ieeoi ia
oie/oiaeae e ia eciaiee.
A ethea 1987 aiaea a?oiia /eaiia eeoaa Chaos Computer Club aceiiaea
eiiiuethoa?ioth naoue nenoaiu NASA SPAN. Yoe oaea?u eniieueciaaee ecuyi
a eio?ano?oeoo?a VMS, ii cayaeaieth DEC Corporation, ?aeiino?oe?iaaiiie
o?aiy ianyoeaie ?aiueoa. A yoi nauoa noa VAX eiiiuethoa?ia n
iaeni?aaiie iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie. *eaiu eeoaa iiniaeaaeenue, /oi aeey
“caueou” yoie nenoaiu /anoi eniieueciaaeenue i?eieoeaiua ia?iee,
iiae/an acyoua i?yii ec ?oeiaiaenoaa iieueciaaoaey. N iaeiie noi?iiu iu
aeaeei noia?nae?aoiua eiiiuethoa?u, iiaeaaiua NASA, a n ae?oaie – 4000
iieueciaaoaeae yoeo eiiiuethoa?ia. Iiiyoii, /oi 4000 /aeiaae ia
nio?aiyo nae?aoa.
2. Enoi?ey i?anooieaiey eeaa?aaianoa?a Eaaeia A. (N-Iaoa?ao?a)
Eaaei Aeaaeeie? Eaiieaeiae/, ?iaeeeny a 1967 aiaeo a Eaieia?aaea. A 1987
aiaeo caeii/ee neoaeao a ?yaeao Niaaoneie A?iee a caaiee ieaaeoaai
na?aeaioa aiene oeicaueou, iaa?aaeaeai ciaeii “Aaa?aeey”. Caeii/ee n
ioee/eai “Oaoiieiaeeo”. A 1991 aiaeo noae aeoea-i?aceaeaioii AICO
“Naoo?i”, ioen eioi?iai ?aniieiaeai ia Iaeie Ii?neie, 8. I?iaeeaae n
iooeii, iaoa?ueth e nano?ie ia Naaoeaiianeii i?iniaeoa. [ 4 ]
2.1 A?ano i?anooiiie a?oiiu.
3 ia?oa 1995 aiaea Eaaei aue a?anoiaai a eiiaeiineii ay?iii?oo Oeo?io
ii iaaeiaieth a oeuaiee 400 ouny/ aeieea?ia ec eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaiu
e?oiiaeoaai aia?eeaineiai “Neoeayiea”, eiathuaai ioaeaeaiey a 90 no?aiao
ie?a. “Neoeayie” aaeaaeiaaii inouanoaeyao yeaeo?iiiua o?aicaeoeee ia 500
ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia. [ 4 ]
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ii iaoiaeeony a iaeiie ec eiiaeiineeo oth?ai.
Aaeaieaou A. Eaaeia ii?ioanoiaaee ?aoaiea a?eoaineiai noaea i auaea/a
ieoa?neiai oaea?a (eiiiuethoa?iiai aceiiueea) OA?, oae eae eo eeeaio ia
eniieueciaae eiiiuethoa?u a NOA.
Ii/oe iaeiia?aiaiii n A. Eaaeiui a Ainoa?aeaia e NOA auee a?anoiaaiu
aaaioaie OA? iaoa?ao?aeoeu: noi?oae Aeaoa?eia e Aaaaiee Ei?ieueeiau e
Aeaaeeie? Ai?iiei, a Ec?aeea – Aeaenae Eaoiaiia.
28 aaaonoa 1995 aiaea Oi?aaeaiea ii ?anneaaeiaaieth i?aaieciaaiiie
i?anooiiie aeayoaeueiinoe (O?IIAe) i?e AOAAe NIa e iaeanoe i?eieiaao
iinoaiiaeaiea i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea ii i?eciaeai
i?anooieaiey, i?aaeoniio?aiiiai no. 147 /. 3 OE ?O (iioaiie/anoai), a
ioiioaiee a?-i Eaaeia A. E., Aeociaia ss. O., Aaeaoiaa A. E., Aoaei/eiaa
N. E. e oeaeiai ?yaea ae?oaeo eeoe, aoiaeyueo a i?aaieciaaiioth
i?anooiioth a?oiio.
2.2 Oaaoea i?anooieaiey
Oaaoea i?anooieaiey, noi?ioee?iaaiiay e 27 naioya?y 1995 aiaea,
neaaenoaeai: “…Eaaei A. E., Aaeaoia A. E. e ?yae ia onoaiiaeaiiuo eeoe
a ia?aie iieiaeia 1994 a. anooieee a naiai? ia iioeuaiea a e?oiiuo
?acia?ao aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa a eiino?aiiie aaethoa, i?eiaaeeaaeaueo
aaieianeiio o/?aaeaeaieth NOA – “Neoeayieo I. A.”. Eaaei e aoi?ia ia
onoaiiaeaiiia eeoei a ia?eiae n 30 ethiy ii 3 ieoya?y 1994 a. ec
iiiauaiey AICO “Naoo?i”, eniieuecoy eiiiuethoa?iia iai?oaeiaaiea e
yeaeo?iiioth naycue, aaiaeeee a nenoaio oi?aaeaiey iaee/iuie oiiaeaie
“Neoeayiea” eiaeiua naaaeaiey e inouanoaeee ia iaiaa ni?iea iacaeiiiuo
ia?aaiaeia ia iauoth noiio ia iaiaa 10700952 aeieea?ia NOA ni n/aoia
?acee/iuo eeeaioia “Neoeayiea I. A.” ia n/aoa aeaenoaothueo n ieie a
naiai?a eeoe eeai eiio?iee?oaiuo eie oe?i. [ 4 ]
Iaeiia?aiaiii Eaaei A. E., Aaeaoia A. E. e ae?oaea aeaenoaothuea
niaianoii n ieie iaonoaiiaeaiiua eeoea n oeaeueth iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai
iieo/aiey iaee/iuie iioeuaiiuo aeaiaa anooieee a naiai? n Ei?ieueeiaui
A. A., Ei?ieueeiaie A., Aoaei/eiaui N. E., Eaoiaiiaui A. I., eioi?ua,
aoaeo/e iinoaaeaiu a ecaanoiinoue i niaa?oaaiii oeuaiee, naie, eee
eniieuecoy i?eaea/aiiuo eeoe, ioe?uee n/aoa a aaieao ?innee, NOA,
Aieeaiaeee e Ec?aeey, ia eioi?ua aiineaaenoaee e auee inouanoaeaiu
auoaoeacaiiua iacaeiiiua ia?aaiaeu.
Oaeei ia?acii auea nicaeaia ?acaaoaeaiiay i?aaieciaaiiay i?anooiiay
a?oiia, o/anoieee eioi?ie eiaee aaeeioth oeaeue — iioeuaiea aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa a eiino?aiiie aaethoa, i?eiaaeeaaeaueo “Neoeayieo I. A.”.
Aiieia aa?iyoii, /oi aee?aeoi? OA? Eoen O?e, ioaee/ii cayaeaoee a
ia/aea 1995 aiaea, /oi ?onneea oaea?u aceaiuaatho a ianyoe ouny/e
aia?eeaineeo aac yeaeo?iiiuo aeaiiuo, e iio?aaiaaaoee nicaeaoue
iaaeaeoia?iaeioth ei?ii?aoeeth yoie “oa?ica n Ainoiea”, oaea ciae, /oi
aai ethaee “aaaeoo” Aeaaeeie?a Eaaeia e noi?oaia Ei?ieueeiauo. Ii
e?aeiae ia?a, 5 oaa?aey 1995 aiaea a Iueth-Ei?ea OA? a?anoiaaei
a?aaeaeaieia ?innee Aeaaeeie?a Ai?iieia. ?aaeaeoeey ?aniieaaaao
ia?aaiaeii i?ioieiea aeii?ina, n eioi?iai ii nooe e ia/aeinue “aeaei
Eaaeia”, eioi?ue n iiiiuueth iau/iiai ia?niiaeueiiai eiiiuethoa?a
ane?ue, iaoiaeynue ca aeanyoee ouny/ ieeue io NOA, caueoioth nenoaio
“Neoeayiea”, ia nicaeaiea eioi?ie aia?eeaioeu eno?aoeee aeanyoee
ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia.
2.3 Enoi?ey ia?aciaaiey i?anooiiie a?oiiu
I?eaaaeai iaeioi?ua no?aieoeu i?ioieiea aeii?ina, i?iaaaeaiiiai
niaoeeaeenoaie OA?.
“Aeii?ioaiiue ioaeaeii thnoeoeee NOA THaeiiai ioaeaea Iueth-Ei?ea
Aeaaeeie? Ai?iiei, oaeaea ecaanoiue eae Aiaoieee Eennaieia, aeae
neaaeothuea iieacaiey.
A ia/aea ethey 1994 aiaea Ai?iiei eniuouaae oeiainiaua cao?oaeiaiey a
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa, ?inney. Aieueoia eiee/anoai ethaeae caaeieaeaei aio,
ii ia auei a ninoiyiee auieaoeoue. Na?aae Aoaei/eia, 27 eao io ?iaeo,
i?eyoaeue Ai?iieia, caieiathueeny aecianii, ciae i i?iaeaiao Ai?iieia.
Ii iicaiiee Ai?iieio e niiauee, /oi o iaai anoue eaeay, niiniaiay
?ac?aoeoue i?iaeaiu Ai?iieia. Ai?iiei niaeaneeny ia ano?a/o n
Aoaei/eiaui, eioi?ay ninoiyeanue anei?a iinea caiiea a eaoa
“Iao?iiaaeianeay e?aiinoue”, iai?ioea Ee?ianeiai iinoa a
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa. Aoaei/eia niiauee Ai?iieio, /oi ?aaioaao n ethaeueie,
eioi?ua iaeaaeatho iaaueaie canoaaeyoue aeaiueae iiyaeyoueny ia
aaieianeeo n/aoao. I?eyoaeue Aoaei/eiaa iaoae aeu?o a nenoaia
eiiiuethoa?iie caueou iaeiiai ec aeaaiuo aaieia Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia e
iiaeao i?eiaieoue aeey ia?aaiaea aeaiaa. Niaeanii iiaieth Aoaei/eiaa,
yoio “i?iaae” aue inoaaeai eai-oi, eoi ienae eiiiuethoa?ioth i?ia?aiio.
.Aoaei/eia ia oiiiyioe nae?aoiuo noi?ii noaiu. Ii oieueei oeacae, /oi
eiee/anoai aeaiaa, eioi?ia iiaeii ia?aaanoe ec aaiea, ia ia?aie/aii.
Ai?iieio iieacaeinue, /oi a noaio auei aiaea/aii aua aeaia eee o?ia
ethaeae. Iaeei ?ac, eiaaea Ai?iiei ano?a/aeny n Aoaei/eiaui a ia?ea
aicea noaioeee iao?i, iaecaanoiue ioae/eia iiaeoiaeee e ?acaiaa?eaae n
Aoaei/eiaui. Ai?iiei i iai ie/aai ia iiiieo, e?iia oiai, /oi oio
oiiieiae ?anioaeeee I?eaaeoeee.
Ai?iiei ?annoaeaeae, /oi naiue ?aiiee ia?aaiae aue i?aaieciaai /a?ac
eiiiuethoa?iue oeaio? a Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa, aaea ?aaioae /aeiaae ii eiaie
A?oo? (oaieeey iaecaanoia). A ia/aea noaiu Ai?iiei aeoiae, /oi a a?oiia
aue eoi-oi aioo?e naiiai aia?eeaineiai aaiea, ec eioi?iai oee ia?aaiaeu.
Ai?iiei oae n/eoae, iineieueeo iaeiaaeaeu Aoaei/eia ioiaoee, /oi iie
iiaoo eiio?iee?iaaoue aeaaea iiiaio, eiaaea a aaiea aueeth/aaony ?aaeei
o?aaiae. Aoaei/eia oioae, /oiau Ai?iiei ioe?ue n/ao a
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aneii aaiea aeey iieo/aiey ieaoaaeae. Aoaei/eia ia oeacae
ia eaeie-eeai eiie?aoiue aaie, e Ai?iiei ?aoee, /oi iiaeieaeao ethaie.
Ai?iiei ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi Aoaei/eia ciae, /oi ianeieueei /aeiaae auee
aeieaeiu aio aeaiueae, e i?aaeeiaeee, /oiau oio n ieie ano?aoeeny e
oaiai?ee ioe?uoue n/aoa. Oaeei ia?acii, yoe ethaee aoaeoo ?eneiaaoue, a
Ai?iiei i?inoi iieo/eo iieiaeaiioth aio noiio. Aia/aea Ai?iiei noae
eneaoue iiiiue Ieaaa Aiaeiiiaa, eioi?ue aue aeieaeai i?eia?ii 100000
aeieea?ia. Ec i?aeoe/aneeo niia?aaeaiee Ai?iiei ?aoee iieo/eoue n
Aiaeiiiaa oieueei 16000 aeieea?ia. Aiaeiiia niaeaneeny i?eiyoue o/anoea
a noaia.
Ai?iiei aeiaiai?eeny n Aeaenaai Iicieeiaui, /oi oio ioe?iao n/ao a
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aneii naa?aaaoaeueiii aaiea, ioaeaeaiea 1991. A iaeei
iiiaio nio?oaeieee ioaeaeaiey 1991 ociaee io i?aaenoaaeoaeae
aia?eeaineiai aaiea, /oi ia?aaiaeu yaeythony ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiuie.
A na?aaeeia aaaonoa Ai?iiei iiae aeaaeaieai e?aaeeoi?ia ioi?aaeeny e
Aoaei/eiao ociaoue, ia iaeeaeaaony ee iiauo ia?aaiaeia. *a?ac 10-14
aeiae iinea oiai eae Aoaei/eia neacae, /oi a?oiia aeaeaao ia?aaiaeeoue
aeaiueae ia aaiee ca ?oaaaeii, ii i?ieioi?ie?iaae Ai?iieia, /oi ia?aaiae
a 1 iei. aeieea?ia iiaeaioiaeai aeey ia?aaiaea a Aieeaiaeeth. Aoaei/eia
oioae, /oiau Ai?iiei i?aaieciaae ana, /oi eanaaony n/aoa a Aieeaiaeee.
Iuouay iaoaaoeo aeaiaa, Ai?iiei ia caaeaaae eeoieo aii?inia. Aoaei/eia
niiauee, /oi a?oiia oi/ao eniieueciaaoue aeaiueae, iieo/aiiua a
?acoeueoaoa ia?aaiaeia a Aieeaiaeeth, aeey iieoiee eiiiuethoa?a,
iiaeiaiiai oiio, eioi?ue eniieuecoao aaie-aea?oaa a Aia?eea. Ia?aua o?e
aoeau a iacaaiee eiiiuethoa?a -VOW.
Iinea oiai eae Ai?iieia a?anoiaaee a Aieeaiaeee, ii inoaaaeny a eiioaeoa
n Aoaei/eiaui /a?ac aeaaooeo Ai?iieia, E?eio Aeaenaaao. Io Aeaenaaaie
Ai?iiei ociae, /oi Aoaei/eia i?iaeieaeaao aecian e i?aaieciaae oaea/ioth
oi?aiaeth i?iaeoeoaie n Oeieyiaeeae. A nayce n yoei Aoaei/eia ?aaoey?ii
acaeeo ec Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa a Oeieyiaeeth. Ii Aeaenaaaie Ai?iiei ociae,
/oi iaeei ec ethaeae, i?eieiaaoeo o/anoea a aeaea, aue cano?aeai a
?innee.
Ai?iiei ieeiaaea ia aeaeae ieeaeeo aeieoiaioia o Aoaei/eiaa. Ai?iiei
niae?ae aaieianeea eieaeee /anoiuo eeoe, eioi?ua ioe?uaaee n/aoa ii aai
i?inueaa. Yoe eieaeee aeieaeiu aei neo ii? iaoiaeeoueny o Aeaenaaaie.
Ai?iiei ciaao oeeoeo Aiaiey a Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa. Ii oaa?ai, /oi yoi
?yaeii n oeeoeae Aa?oeaia, aaea ?aaioaao eo iauee n Aoaei/eiaui ae?oa.
Ai?iiei ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi aae?an Aiaiey, 8. Yoi ?aeii eaoa e ?anoi?aiia.
Ai?iiei ieeiaaea ia neuoae i oe?ia iiae iacaaieai “Naoo?i”.
Oioy eiy Aiaa iaciaeiii Ai?iieio, ii i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi iia oneuoaoue
aai io ?onneie aeaiueiu Aeaoa?eiu…”
2.4. Iaia?oaeaiea ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai i?iieeiiaaiey
“Oioy eiy Aiaa iaciaeiii Ai?iieio” – yanoaoao ec i?ioieiea aeii?ina OA?,
ii ni?ineee i iai Ai?iieia yaii ia neo/aeii. Nenoaia aaciianiinoe
“Neoeayiea”, ia?aoiaey ia iiaoth noaio caueou eiiiuethoa?ia, iaia?oaeeea
ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiia i?iieeiiaaiea, i /ai iaiaaeeaiii oaaaeiieea OA?.
I?ioea iaaeaey, e oyayy?iaoeu ii?aaeaeeee, /oi iiiuoee nuaia aeaiaa
niaa?oathony ec ?innee. Eiie?aoii – ec Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa. Niaoeii/oie a
ieoa?neee ?OII aue aeinoaaeai i?ioieie aeii?ina Aeaaeeie?a Ai?iieia, ii
aea Aiaoieee Eennaieia. E oiaaea-oi ieoa?neea nio?oaeieee oaieiaiiai
?icunea iaia?oaeeee ii aae?ano Aiaiey, 8, eiiia?/aneoth oe?io “Naoo?i”.
A iae — Aeaaeeie?a Eaaeia, ecaanoiiai n?aaee ieoa?neeo oaea?ia eae
/aeiaae, eioi?ue aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey naiaai i?anoeaea ?aaioaao n
eiiiuethoa?iie “iiouaie” (IANE – ii-aiaeeenee iiouaa) oieueei n oaie
naoyie, caueoa eioi?uo n/eoaaony naiie iiuiie e aacoi?a/iie a aeaeiaii
ie?a. A NOA ia aieaa iyoe aaieia, eioi?ua iiaee au eiieo?e?iaaoue ii
aeaiaaeiui iai?ioai n “Neoeayieii”, – e anee 28-eaoiee Aieiaey Eaaei ia
naiii aeaea (a aeieacaoue yoi iiaeao oieueei noae) aeaaae eiiaiaeu ec
Iaoa?ao?aa aia?eeaineei eiiiuethoa?ai, oi Eaaei Ieoiee, noaaoee i?e
aeecie eaaaiaeie oaea?noaa, aceiiaaoee n aeiiaoiaai eiiiuethoa?a ie
iiiai ie iaei… nenoaio aia?eeaineie IAI, iiaeao auoue niieiai: ec
?innee niaia eaeao i?ae?aniay.
Eae ooaa?aeaeaao OA?, iineaaeothuea o?ainoa?u oaea?a-iaeeii/ee (?),
iinooiaaoea ec Ieoa?a n eiiiuethoa?a Aiau Eaaeia, oaea
eiio?iee?iaaeenue, e ianiio?y ia oi, /oi ii?oaee ec NOA a Aieeaiaeeth,
?inneth, Ec?aeeue, Eiaeiiaceth e A?aaioeio, ia iineaaeiai yoaia
“eeeaioia” aeaeae a?ano.
“Neoeayie” n/eoaao, /oi aio oaeoe/anee iaianai oua?a 400 ouny/
aeieea?ia, eioi?ua ii auieaoee naiei eeeaioai. Ii caeanue aeaaiia —
ii?aeueiue oua?a: eoi iiianao aeaiueae a aaie, /uee ?aeeaie?oaiua
yeaeo?iiiua io?aiiua nenoaiu, n/eoaaoeany naiuie caueuaiiuie a NOA,
?aneieiee oaea?u ec Ieoa?a. Oaia?ue aea iaeaieaa aaoi?eoaoiua
?ac?aaio/eee yeaeo?iiiie caueou n/eoatho, /oi “ac?acaoue” naeou
“Neoeayiea” iaeuecy auei aac naiai?a n iaeiei eee a?oiiie aa
nio?oaeieeia. Oi?aaeythuee “Neoeayieii” aeaeaao oi?iooth ieio i?e ieioie
ea?a e any/anee i?aoiaiueoaao na?ueaciinoue niauoee e ianoaeaaao ia
oaoiieiae/aneie iaaei?aaioea, eioi?ie, iie, ainiieueciaaeny oaea? Aiaa.
TH?enou, oae eee eia/a naycaiiua n “aeaeii Eaaeia”, n/eoatho, /oi aeey
i?iaeeaathueo a ?innee a?aaeoaeae naiui aaciianiui yaeyaony
eiiiuethoa?iia ia?aaeaiea. Ii/aio? Niaa?oaoue aai iiaeii ia ethaii
?annoiyiee io iauaeoa iinyaaoaeuenoaa, aeaaea n ae?oaiai eiioeiaioa. Ia
o?aaoaony e?ooi aii?oaeaoueny, eai ieeaeay, aeaaea naiay iao/aiiay
io?aia ia niiaeao iaaca?aaeeoue iaeao ia aaie, e aeecie
a?aaeoaey-iaaeaaaeaoieea ieeoi ia eeoeo.
Anee au ieoa?neea niaoeneoaeau ia niiaueee Neioeaiae-ss?aeo, /oi
Aeaaeeie? Eaaei aaeao /a?ac Eiiaeii a Aaiiiaa? ia eiiiuethoa?ioth
aunoaaeo e aai iiaeii a?aoue o o?aia naiieaoa, oi iaeneioi, /oi
oa?iaeaei oaea?o ec Ieoa?a yoi noaouey OE ca iioaiie/anoai.
Eiiiuethoa?iue aceii – ia?aaeaiea aaiea – aaciianii a ?innee ia oieueei
n oaeoe/aneie, ii e n th?eaee/aneie oi/ee c?aiey. Iaeeoei i?aaiaie
aaeooi: o ?innee iao n NOA aeiaiai?a i i?aaiaie iiiiue,
i?aaeoniao?eaathuae auaea/o i?anooiieeia. I?eia? oiio a?ano ai?a a
caeiia ssiii/eea, ia eioi?ii aeneo iaiaeia /enei oaieiaiuo aeae,
niaa?oaiiuo ei a ?innee. Ii noaeeo aai aia?eeaineay Oaieaea.
I?aaaea, iaeioi?ua iiaeaeaeee a yoii iai?aaeaiee o ian naeaeaiu: auoae
oeac i?aceaeaioa i caueoa Eioi?iaoeee e ?inney aoaeao nio?oaeie/aoue a
yoii aeaea n Eioa?iieii. Aieaa oiai, a IAAe nicaeaii
niaoeiiae?acaeaeaiea ii ai?ueaa n oaea?aie. Ia eaaeaeiai aai nio?oaeieea
i?eoiaeeony ia ii iaeiie ouny/a eiiiuethoa?iuo iaaeaaaeaoieeia.
Ianeieueei iac?ae aii?in i ai?ueaa n eeaa?aaianoa?aie, aiai?eo e oio
oaeo, /oi yoio aii?in ianoaeaeaeny e Niaaoii aaciianiinoe. A a oi aea
naiia a?aiy i?iaeo iiaiai Oaieiaiiai eiaeaena, aaea anoue e noaouee ca
eiiiuethoa?iua i?anooieaiey, i?ieaey a Aeoia noaaeeth “o?aoueaai
/oaiey”, aue ioaa?aioo Niaaoii Oaaea?aoeee…
Noieue aeieaia iooaoanoaea i?iaeoa iiaiai OE iaaeaeo ieaeiae e aa?oiae
iaeaoaie ?inneeneiai ia?eaiaioa, aiieia aa?iyoii, aucaaii e
iaaeaeaieai… iaoeo niaoeneoaea ia?aie/eaaoue ?acaeoea, neaaeai oae,
oaea?ecia a ?innee. Eae ieooo “Ecaanoey”, o ?innee anoue aiaaoue iiuo
i?iaaaeaiey ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiuo iia?aoeee n iiiiuueth oaea?ia aunieiai
?aiaa — naieo e eiino?aiiuo. Aua 20 eao iacaae oaaea?aeueiay
i?ieo?aoo?a O?A i?aaeuyaeea iaaeiaiea aeaoi iaioeai, eioi?ui EAA
i?aaeeiaeee 20 ieeeeiiia ia?ie ca iieo/aiioth eie eioi?iaoeeth.
Caeeth/aeanue iia a oii, /oi oaea?u iioeoeee ec eiiiuethoa?a eiioea?ia
“Ianna?oieaeo-Aaeueeia-Aeii” aeaoaeueiia iienaiea iiaaeoaai a 1976 aiaeo
eno?aaeoaey-aiiaa?aee?iaueea “Oi?iaaei”.
A i?ioeii aiaeo a?oiia ?inneeneeo eeaa?aaianoa?ia aceiiaea naeou
nieeaeiiai aa?iiaeneiai aaiea e… caionoeea ooaea eiiiuethoa?iue ae?on.
?aaioa aaiea ia nooee auea aeaci?aaieciaaia, e oauoee aai ecia?ythony a
ianeieueei nio ouny/ aeieea?ia, a aeaaiia aeey eiieo?aioia, iiaei?aaiiie
a aeaeiaii ie?a ?aiooaoeeae. Eae i?eiyoi a oaea?neeo e?oaao, 20% io
iioa?ue aaiea-aea?oau iieo/eee eeaa?aaianoa?u.
Ia noieo aeoiaoue, /oi, aoaeue iiaue OE i?eiyo Aeoiie e Niaaoii
Oaaea?aoeee, eeaa?aaianoa?o Aieiaea Eaaeio a?iceea au no?aoiay ea?a.
Noaouey 267 “Iai?aaiia?iia i?iieeiiaaiea a aaoiiaoece?iaaiioth
eiiiuethoa?ioth nenoaio eee naoue”, a eiaiii aa aoi?ay /anoue,
i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaeneiaeueioth naieoeeth… a?ano ia n?ie aei oanoe
ianyoeaa. Ca iioaiie/anoai ii noa?iio OE iiaeii iieo/eoue eao ia iyoue
aieueoa… A a NOA – 35 eao eeoaiey naiaiaeu.
Ii aa?iainy e Aeaaeeie?o Eaaeio. Iaaeaaii i?eaoaaoay ec Eiiaeiia iaoue
Aieiaee – a?a/-ineoeao? Iaey Aeaaeeie?iaia iiaeaeeeanue n
ei??aniiiaeaioaie naieie aia/aoeaieyie ia aiaeeeneie oth?ueia e
ii?yaeeao a iae. Ia iaiaa ?aca a iaaeaeth nui caiieo a Ieoa? e
?acaiaa?eaaao n ?iaeiuie. Ca oi, /oi Eaaei aeae iiaeieneo oth?aiiie
aaeieieno?aoeee i oii, /oi ia aoaeao oiio?aaeyoue ia?eioeee, aai
ia?aaaee a eaia?o n oaeaaeci?ii. Iioaaeeeny nui iaoa?e, /oi a?a/e aio
iiaeea/eee coau, /oi o?e ?aca a iaaeaeth ia aeana?o aeatho ii?iaeaiia. E
aeaaiia, iaaeaaony, e aaeaieaou aai a yoii iiaeaea?aeeaatho, /oi ia
noaea aoaeao aeieacaia aai iaaeiiaiinoue e ii cao?aaoao ca ii?aeueiue
oua?a ieeeeii aeieea?ia.
ss au iii?inee neaioeeia-/eoaoaeae ia oniaoaoueny: ieoa?neiai
eeaa?aaianoa?a (a eiaiii oae ii auaeyaeeo a aa?nee neaaenoaey) caueuatho
ia aeaaeo?iua ainoaea?noaaiiua aaeaieaou, a ee/iua aaeaieaou…
i?eioeannu Aeeaiu, cayaeaoae a iaaeaaiai oaeaeioa?aueth Ae-ae-ne i naiae
iaaa?iinoe i?eioeo *a?eueco. E acyeenue iie caueuaoue Aieiaeth Eaaeia
niaa?oaiii aanei?unoii.
*oi yoi — iaiaoeeenue i?inoie a neaiaeaeueiuo ?acai?eao aaaonoaeoae
naiuee? Eee iaia?oaeeeinue ?iaenoai Eaaeia n aeiaeci?neie i?ieacieoeae
Aeeaiie? Iiaeao auoue, “Neoeayie” iinooiee n Aeeaiie oae aea eae,
Iaa?iaee n ia?niiaeueiie iaineiia?eie nithciiai cia/aiey ec ?innee?
?acaaaeea i?inoa: “aeaei Eaaeia” — ia?aia a y?a eiiiuethoa?iiai
ai?ianoaa ec ?innee. E iii iai?aiaiii aoaeao ooiiui e aeieaei. Cia/eo,
i?anoeae aaeaieaoia, o/anoaothueo a iai, aic?anoao ia ianeieueei
ii?yaeeia. A yoi aei?iaiai noieo.
ss ia ciath, eae aoaeoo i?iaiaeeoue i/iua noaaee neaaeiaaoaee OA? e
O?IIAe, anee ?aaiia eiee/anoai iaaeiyaiuo iaoiaeeony a NOA e ?innee. Oai
aieaa /oi ?inneeneea niaoeneoaeau n/eoatho, /oi, anee i?anooieaiea
ia/aeinue ia oa??eoi?ee ?innee e niaa?oee aai eiaiii ?inneeneee
a?aaeaeaiei, oi noaeeoue aai iaaei aeiia. Ii a oii, /oi neaaenoaeth
i?eaeaony ia noaea a NIa ioaa/aoue ia i?yiua e i/aiue aeey iaai
iaoaeiaiua aii?inu ?inneeneeo aaeaieaoia, iao niiiaiee.
Iai?eia?, oaieiaiia i?aai ii?aaeaeyao, /oi a?aaeaeaia ?innee,
niaa?oeaoea ia oa??eoi?ee eiino?aiiuo ainoaea?noa aeayiey, iaeacoaiua a
oaieiaiii ii?yaeea ii caeiiai no?aiu i?aauaaiey (a cia/eo, eae ieieioi,
noauaeo aeieaeai oece/anee iaoiaeeoueny oai), ia ?iaeeia ia iiaeeaaeao
oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe, anee yoi aeayiea ia yaeyaony i?anooiiui ii
?inneeneei caeiiai. I?eiaieoaeueii e “aeaeo Eaaeia”, a iiiaio niaa?oaiey
i?aaeiieaaaaiiai iaaeiaieai aeayiey noauaeo iaoiaeeeny a ?innee, a
iauaeo iinyaaoaeuenoa — “Neoeayie” — a Iueth-Ei?ea. Oai aieaa /oi
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca i?anooieaiey a noa?a eiiiuethoa?iie eioi?iaoeee ia
i?aaeoniio?aia aeaenoaothuei OE.
Ia iaiueoa aii?inia aicieeaao ia i?aaiaii iiea ii iaaeiaieth Na?aay
Aoaei/eiaa, “i?eiauaiiiai” neaaenoaeai e “i?aaieciaaiiie i?anooiiie
a?oiia”, i eioi?ii noaei ecaanoii ieoa?neei neaaeiaaoaeyi ec i?ioieiea
aeii?ina Ai?iieia, i?iaaaeaiiiai OA?. Na?aae Eai?aae/ Aoaei/eia ?iaeeeny
5 oaa?aey 1970 aiaea. Caeii/ee aeaa eo?na EEOII. ?aaioae iaiaaeaea?ii a
oe?ia “Eeie”. Ia noaeei, aeaiao. Ii ia?aiio i?eaeaoaieth neaaeiaaoaey
yaeeny a AOAAe, aaea e aue a?anoiaai.
Aaeaieao N. Aoaei/eiaa e iiuoiua th?enou A. A. Noiey?ia e I. E.
E?eaioaaa, ca iea/aie eioi?uo iiiaea aiaeu ?aaiou a i?ieo?aoo?a
n/eoatho, /oi iieacaiey Ai?iieia, iieo/aiiua a ?innee ec OA?, iiaoo
auoue i?eiyou oieueei eae niiauaiea, a ia aeieacaoaeuenoaa. E oi, /oi a
iinoaiiaeaiee ia a?anoa Aoaei/eiaa neiai a neiai ia?aneacuaathony
yieciaeu ec aeii?ina Ai?iieia a OA? e iao ie iaeiiai ae?oaiai oaeoa,
aeaeaao aai, aiai?y th?eaee/aneei ycueii, ie/oiaeiui.
Caueoieee N. Aoaei/eiaa, ia iie acaeyae, aeoeaii e, aeaaiia, a?aiioii
?anniao?eaatho ooiaeaiaio iaaeiaiey, iino?iaiiue no. neaaeiaaoaeai ii
iniai aaaeiui aeaeai A. No?eaaeaaui. Iie aoeaaeueii aiiaa?aee?otho —
iaoiaee/ii e a?aiioii — ai?iaeneoth i?ieo?aoo?o, a eiie?aoii ainiiaeeia
A. Oa?uaeia — caianoeoaey ai?i?ieo?i?a, o?aaoy io iineaaeiaai
ainnoaiiaeoue caeiiiinoue, ianoaeaay ia oii, /oiau i?ieo?aoo?a
iciaeiieeanue n ienueiaie Ai?iieia ec-ca ?oaaaea aai niaeeoaeueieoea
Aeaenaaaie, eioi?ua ecuyou neaaenoaeai a ieoya?a 1995 aiaea. A ieo, ii
ooaa?aeaeaieth naeaeaoaeueieoeu O. Ne?uiieeiaie, any enoi?ey n
Aoaei/eiaui yaeyaony iaiai?ii. Iiyoiio aaeaieaou o?aaotho inaiaiaeeoue
N. Aoaei/eiaa ec-iiae no?aaee.
Ieeae ia aeiauethony caueoieee io neaaenoaey noaiia?aiiu i/iie noaaee
Na?aay Aoaei/eiaa n Ai?enii Naa?aeeeiui, iao/iui nio?oaeieeii AIEEA ei.
Aaaeaiaaaa. Aeaeaicaienue yoie i/iie noaaee, eioi?oth ioeacaeenue
niio?aoue iaaeiyaiue e aai aaeaieaou, iiea ei ia i?aaenoaayo
noaiia?aiio, ii neiaai ?aaioieeia i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia, iiaeao
neoaeeoue iaaeyaeiui iiniaeai aeey iao/aiey nooaeaioia th?oaea oiio, eae
iaeuecy i?iaiaeeoue i/ioth noaaeo. Ieeaioiinoue neooaoeee a oii, /oi
i?iaiaeee aa ee/ii aeaaa neaaenoaaiii-iia?aoeaiie a?eaaaeu A.
No?eaaeaa…
Ianea a einoa? iiaeieueao e iaaeaaiaa onoiia cayaeaiea Aieiaee Eaaeia,
eioi?ia aai iaoue, aa?ioaoenue ec Eiiaeiia, ia?aaeaea caueoieeai Na?aay
Aoaei/eiaa: “ss ia ciaeii e ie ?aco ia ano?a/aeny n Na?aaai
Aoaei/eiaui”. Anee o/anoue e oi, /oi Ai?iieio “eiy Aiaa iaciaeiii”, oi
aua aii?in, ciaao ee ii ee/ii A. Eaaeia. Caoi noi?oaia Ei?ieueeiauo ii
ciaao ee/ii. A yoie nayce iaaacuioa?anii, eae n?aaioaei OA?, /oiau
auiaieoue ec ?innee Aaaaiey Ei?ieueeiaa, — ii iiiaeny ia aeanio, eae
yeaiaioa?iue ianea?ue. Iaoiaeyuayny iiae a?anoii Aeaoa?eia Ei?ieueeiaa
iicaiieea ioaeo a Iaoa?ao?a e niiaueea, /oi ii aeieaeai iaiaaeeaiii
aueaoaoue a NOA. Aio iaauaiu aeae ia aeeoaeuenoai, ?aaioa, iieiay
aaciaeacaiiinoue ca oaea?noai ethaeae ec oe?iu “Naoo?i”. E ana yoi ca
nio?oaeie/anoai n OA?. Eae oyayy?iaoeu caaa?aiaaee ethayuoth noi?oao —
nae?ao oe?iu, ii Aaaaiee Ei?ieueeia eethioe e i?eaue a NOA. A?anoiaaee
aai o o?aia naiieaoa e iiaacee a oth?ueio, ii ninaaenoao n eioi?ie
iaoiaeeeanue iiae no?aaeae e aai aeaia Eaoy… Eae ooo ia aniiiieoue
iiioey?iue n?aaee eiiioienoia eicoia: “Eo/oa eciaieoue aeaia, /ai
?iaeeia…”.
ss iiieiath, /oi neaaeiaaoaee ec Oi?aaeaiey ii ?anneaaeiaaieth
i?aaieciaaiiie i?anooiiie aeayoaeueiinoe aeoaiei iai?/aiu oua?aii a 400
ouny/ aeieea?ia, eioi?ue iiian a?aoneee iai “Neoeayie” ec
ai?iaea-iia?aoeia Iueth-Ei?ea: i?e aai aaeaaeiaaiii iai?ioa a 500
ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia o?ii iaianai iuooeiue. Iiiyoiu e eo o?oaeiinoe:
aeieacaoue, /oi i?iieeiiaaiea a aaieianeoth naoue, a aa eioi?iaoeeiiiia
iiea aeaeaao /aeiaaea i?e/anoiui e caaeaaeaieth aeaiueaaie, aea aua i?e
ionoonoaee a OE eiie?aoiuo noaoae, — aeaei ii/oe aaciaaeaaeiia. E anee
aaeaieaoai i?eioeannu Aeeaiu iaaei aoaeao aeieacuaaoue aia?eeaineei
i?enyaeiui e noaeo, /oi Aieiaey Eaaei anaai eeoue aaieaeueiue
eniieieoaeue, oaea?neei oaeaioii eioi?iai ainiieueciaaeenue iiuoiua
aeaeueoeu, /oiau ia?aaeoue “Neoeayie”, oi o ian a Ieoa?a ca noaeii ii
“aeaeo Eaaeia” (anee ii ninoieony) e aai, ii ii?aaeaeaieth neaaenoaey,
niiauieeia, i/aiue aieiaoaeueii aoaeoo neaaeeoue ia oieueei oaea?u, ii e
aaiee?u. Iaaeaeaei oi a?aiy, eiaaea ?inneeneea aaiee iin/eoatho
e?aaeeoiua ea?ou aiao?iieciii e ia?aeaeoo ia eiiiuethoa?iia
ianeoaeeaaiea eeeaioia. A?yae ee nenoaia caueou o iaoeo aaieia
oeo?ioiiaa, /ai o “Neoeayiea”. A ia Eaaeia ?inneeneia oaea?noai ia
eii/aaony. E eeaa?aaianoa?ia ?inneeneay caiey oaea ia?iaeeea aaeinoaeue.
AEAEEIA?AOE*ANEEE NIENIE
1. Ieeeoi?ia E. Eiiiuethoa?iua i?anooieaiey. Oaieiaiua ia?u ai?ueau n
eiiiuethoa?iie i?anooiiinoueth. “Caueoa eioi?iaoeee” , N 5/3, 1995
2. Oaoia A.A. Yeaeo?iiiua aceiiueee – i?anooiieee iiae ianeie
?iiaioeeia. “Nenoaiu aaciianiinoe, nayce e oaeaeiiioieeaoeee”, N 1,
1997.
3. Aeaien Oa?e. Nae?aou noia?-oaea?a.- NIa.: Ecaeaoaeueneee Aeii
“Iaaneee i?niaeo,1977.
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