EAAI?AOI?IAss ?AAIOA ?2
ENNEAAeIAAIEA ?AAIOU O?EAAA?IA A EIOAA?AEUeIII ENIIEIAIEE
1. Oeaeue ?aaiou
Oeaeueth ?aaiou yaeyaony enneaaeiaaiea iniaaiiinoae ?aaiou
oieaa?naeueiuo o?eaaa?ia a eioaa?aeueiii eniieiaiee.
2. Iniiaiua oai?aoe/aneea iieiaeaiey
2.1. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ecaanoii aieueoia eiee/anoai ?aciuo oeiia
o?eaaa?ia, ecaioaaeeaaaiuo a aeaea eioaa?aeueiuo iee?inoai. Eae i?aaeei,
yoi oieaa?naeueiua o?eaaa?u, o.a. o?eaaa?u, niaiauathuea a naaa
ooieoeeiiaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe ianeieueeeo aieaa i?inouo aeaeia o?eaaa?ia
(iai?eia?: RS- e D- o?eaaa?ia, RS- e JK- o?eaaa?ia e o.ae.). Oae,
iai?eia?, o?eaaa?, ecaia?aaeaiiue ia ?en.1, ni/aoaao a naaa aiciiaeiinoe
RS- e D- o?eaaa?ia.
?en.1
Caienue eioi?iaoeee a o?eaaa? aeaiiiai oeia i?iecaiaeeony ii aoiaeo D.
Ia aoiae N iiaeathony eiioeuenu neio?iiecaoeee. E?iia oiai, o?eaaa?
eiaao aoiae onoaiiaee “0” (R – aoiae) e aoiae onoaiiaee “1” (S – aoiae).
2.2. Aeey oi?aaeaiey ?aaioie o?eaaa?a iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny
oi?aaeythuea neaiaeu ?acee/iuo o?iaiae. Oae, auoaoeacaiiue o?eaaa?
(?en.1) n?aaaouaaao i?e iiaea/a ia aoiaeu S e R neaiaeia eiae/aneie “1”
(i?yiua aoiaeu). I?e oi?aaeaiee neaiaeii eiae/aneiai ioey “0” aaiaeeony
niaoeeaeueiia iaicia/aiea auaiaea eee aoiaea iee?inoai (?en.2).
?en.2
2.3. Aoiae neio?iiecaoeee iiaeao auoue eae iioaioeeaeueiui (?en.1), oae
e aeeiaie/aneei (?en.2). Iniaaiinoe ?aaiou o?eaaa?ia n iioaioeeaeueiui e
aeeiaie/aneei aoiaeii N io?aaeaiu ia a?aiaiiuo aeeaa?aiiao (?en.3, a) e
a) niioaaonoaaiii).
?en.3
Eae neaaeoao ec ?en.3, caienue eioi?iaoeee ia o?eaaa? n iioaioeeaeueiui
aoiaeii i?ienoiaeeo i?e iaee/ee ia aoiaea N o?iaiy eiae/aneie “1”. I?e
yoii eciaiaiea ninoiyiey o?eaaa?a naycaii n iinooieaieai neaiaeia ia
aoiae D. A aeeiaie/aneii o?eaaa?a (?en.2) caienue eioi?iaoeee
i?ienoiaeeo ii iieiaeeoaeueiiio o?iioo neaiaea ia aoiaea N (ia?aoiae ec
ninoiyiey “0” a ninoiyiea “1”). Nouanoaoao oei o?eaaa?ia, o eioi?uo
caienue eioi?iaoeee inouanoaeyaony ii io?eoeaoaeueiiio o?iioo noaiaea ia
aoiaea N (ia?aoiae ec ninoiyiey “1” a ninoiyiea “0”).
2.4. ?aaioo o?eaaa?a, eae e ae?oaeo eiae/aneeo ono?ienoa, iiaeii
iienaoue n iiiiuueth oaaeeoeu enoeiiinoe. Oaaeeoea enoeiiinoe o?eaaa?a n
iioaioeeaeueiui aoiaeii (?en.1) eiaao aeae, i?aaenoaaeaiiue ieaea
(oaae.1).
2.4.1. ?aaeei “o?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee” icia/aao, /oi o?eaaa? iaoiaeeony a
ninoiyiee, niioaaonoaothuai i?aaeuaeouaio oaeoo ?aaiou (oi?aaeythuea
neaiaeu ionoonoaotho.
Oaaeeoea 1
S R D C Qn ?aaeei ?aaiou
0 0 0 0 0 O?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee
1
0
1
0
0
1 0
1
1
0
0
0 0
0
0
1
0
0 0
0
0
1
1
1 1
0
?
1
0
1
Onoaiiaea “1”
Onoaiiaea “0”
Cai?auaiiay eiiaeiaoeey
Caienue “1”
Caienue “0”
Ni. a oaenoa i.2.4.4
, /oi i?ioeai?a/eo ii?iaeueiie ?aaioa eiae/aneiai ono?ienoaa.
2.4.3. A ?aaeeia “Caienue “0” e “Caienue “1” oieaa?naeueiue o?eaaa?
ooieoeeiie?oao eae noaiaea?oiue D-o?eaaa?.
2.4.4. Iineaaeiyy no?i/ea a oaaeeoea 1 eeethno?e?oao neooaoeeth,
eiaaea, n iaeiie noi?iiu, i?iecaiaeeony caienue “0” ii aoiaeo D, a n
ae?oaie noi?iiu – onoaiiaea “1” ii aoiaeo S. A yoii e iiaeiaiuo neo/ayo
o?eaaa? iiae/eiyaony neaiaeai ia onoaiiai/iuo aoiaeao R e S.
2.4.5. Anee o?eaaa? eiaao aeeiaie/aneee aoiae neio?iiecaoeee N (eae yoi
iieacaii ia ?en.2), oi a oaaeeoea enoeiiinoe aeey iieiaeeoaeueiiai e
io?eoeaoaeueiiaio?iioa aaiaeyony niaoeeaeueiua iaicia/aiey (“_| ” e “
|_”) niioaaonoaaiii).
2.5. Aeey iienaiey ?aaiou o?eaaa?a eniieuecoaony oaeaea ooieoeey
ia?aoiaea F, eioi?ay iiaeao i?eieiaoue neaaeothuea /aou?a cia/aiey:
F = 0 (o?eaaa? ia eciaiee ninoiyiea “0”);
F = 1 (o?eaaa? ia eciaiee ninoiyiea “1”);
F = ( (o?eaaa? ia?aoae ec ninoiyiey “1” a ninoiyiea “0”);
F = ( (o?eaaa? ia?aoae ec ninoiyiey “0” a ninoiyiea “1”).
Ooieoeey ia?aoiaea iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a aeaea oaaeeoeu,
iiaeiaiie oaaeeoea enoeiiinoe. Aeey o?eaaa?a n i?yiuie aoiaeaie ooieoeey
ia?aoiaea eiaao aeae (oaae.2):
Oaaeeoea 2
S
R F
0
X
0
1 X
0
1
0 0
1
(
(
Ciae O iaicia/aao aac?acee/iia ninoiyiea, o.a. ia aoiae iiaeao auoue
iiaeaia eae eiae/aneay aaeeieoea “1”, oae e eiae/aneee iieue “0”.
Cia/aiey ooieoeee ia?aoiaea eiae/anee neaaeotho ec oaaeeoeu enoeiiinoe
aeaiiiai o?eaaa?a.
2.6. Oieaa?naeueiua o?eaaa?u iiaoo auoue ia?aaaaeaiu a n/aoiue ?aaeei
?aaiou, o.a. oaeie ?aaeei, i?e eioi?ii ninoiyiea o?eaaa?a eciaiyaony ia
i?ioeaiiieiaeiia n i?eoiaeii eaaeaeiai iineaaeothuaai eiioeuena
neio?iiecaoeee (eee eiioeuena n/aoa) ia aai N-aoiae.
A neo/aa D-o?eaaa?a aeey ?aaeecaoeee yoiai ?aaeeia eiaa?niue auoiae
niaaeeiytho n D-aoiaeii. A neo/aa JK-o?eaaa?a onoaiaaeeaatho aoiaeiua
oi?aaeythuea neaiaeu J = K = 1.
3. Iienaiea iaueaeoa e n?aaenoa enneaaeiaaiey
?en.4
Yeaeo?e/aneay noaia enneaaeoaiiai ono?ienoaa i?aaenoaaeaia ia ?en.4.
Yeaiaio AeAe2 i?aaenoaaeyao niaie o?eaaa? Oieaeoa, iino?iaiiue ia
iee?inoaia oeia E155OE1. Yeaiaio AeAe3 i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aeaa
oieaa?naeueiuo D-o?eaaa?a, nia?aiiuo ia iee?inoaia E155OI2, a yeaiaiou
AeAe4 e AeAe5 – oieaa?naeueiua JK-o?eaaa?u, nia?aiiua ia iee?inoaiao
E155OA1.
3.1. Enneaaeiaaiea yeaiaioa AeAe2.
3.1.1. Neaiae n ecia?eoaeueiiai aaia?aoi?a E31 iiaeaaony ia aoiaeu
o?eaaa?a, iaueaaeeiaiiua ii noaia “E”. Aeey yoiai auoiae “10A”
aaia?aoi?a E31 niaaeeiyaony n aiacaeii “Aoiae AN1” ia aeiea oi?aaeaiey
E32, a eiiiea “ANA |_ AIE” iaae aiacaeii “AN1” aeieaeia iaoiaeeoueny a
ioaeaoii ninoiyiee.
3.1.2. Aoiaeiua e auoiaeiua neaiaeu o?eaaa?a iinooiatho a eaiaeu
ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee (EIE) iiia? 9 e 10 niioaaonoaaiii. Aeey
iaaethaeaiey oeacaiiuo neaiaeia ia ye?aia ioeueoeiao?a iaiaoiaeeii,
/oiau eiiiea “ANA |_ AIE” a iiea iaaeiene “EAO” e eiiiea “Eiiiooaoi?”
iaoiaeeeenue a ioaeaoii ninoiyiee. Ioaeaeueiia iaaethaeaiea neaiaeia ia
aoiaea e auoiaea o?eaaa?a i?iecaiaeeony iooai iaaeaoey eiiiie “AO1” e
“AO2” niioaaonoaaiii, a iaeiia?aiaiiia iaaethaeaiea – iaaeaoeai eiiiee
“Eiiioo.” iiae iaaeienueth “Eiio?ieue V (“.
3.1.3. A ?aaeeia iaaethaeaiey iaeiia?aiaiii aeaoo neaiaeia ia ye?aia
ioeueoeiao?a aaee/eia e acaeiiia ?aniieiaeaiea yoeo neaiaeia
?aaoee?oaony ?o/eaie “( “ e “(( “ niioaaonoaaiii a iiea iaaeiene
“Eiiiooaoi?” ioaeaeueii aeey eaaeaeiai eaiaea (“AO1” aeey EIE 10 e “AO2”
aeey EIE 9).
3.2. Enneaaeiaaiea yeaiaioa AeAe3 a noaoe/aneii e aeeiaie/aneii
?aaeeia.
3.2.1. Eiae/aneea neaiaeu “0” e “1” ia aoiaea o?eaaa?ia caaeathony n
iiiiuueth eiiiie n oeenaoeeae SA1 ( SA6, ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia ia?aaeiae
iaiaee aeiea E32 iiae iaaeienueth “I?ia?aiiaoi? eiaeia”. Ioaeaoia
ninoiyiea eiiiee niioaaonoaoao caaeaieth eiae/aneiai “0”, a iaaeaoia –
caaeaieth eiae/aneie “1”. Iaaeaoia ninoiyiea eiiiee nii?iaiaeaeaaony
caai?aieai niioaaonoaothuaai naaoiaeeiaea caeaiiai oeaaoa,
?aniieiaeaiiiai aaeece aeaiiie eiiiee “I?ia?aiiaoi?a eiaeia”.
3.2.2. Aeey iiaea/e iieiaeeoaeueiiai eiioeuena (“_| |_”) ia aoiae N
o?eaaa?a iaiaoiaeeii e?aoeia?aiaiii ia?aaanoe niioaaonoaothuoth eiiieo
ec ioaeaoiai ninoiyiey a iaaeaoia e ia?aoii.
3.2.3. Aeey eiaeeeaoeee eiae/aneeo neaiaeia ia auoiaea o?eaaa?a,
?aaioathuaai a noaoe/aneii ?aaeeia (aa?oiyy /anoue yeaiaioa AeAe3),
neoaeeo eaaia oeeo?iaia oaaei aeiea E32. I?e yoii eiiiea “10 |_2”,
?aniieiaeaiiay iaiin?aaenoaaiii iiae oaaei, aeieaeia iaoiaeeoueny a
iaaeaoii ninoiyiee.
3.2.4. Ieaeiyy /anoue yeaiaioa AeAe3 i?aaenoaaeyao niaie o?eaaa?,
?aaioathuee a n/aoiii ?aaeeia. Ia aai n/aoiue aoiae N iinooiaao
iai?a?uaiay iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue eiioeuenia. Iaeiia?aiaiii oaeay aea
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue iinooiaao a EIE1. Auoiaeiua neaiaeu o?eaaa?a
(i?yiie e eiaa?niue) iinooiatho a EIE2 e EIE3 niioaaonoaaiii.
3.2.5. Eaai?aoi?iue noaiae iicaieyao iaaethaeaoue ia ye?aia
ioeueoeiao?a iaeiia?aiaiii aeaa neaiaea n ethauo aeaoo EIE ec ainueie
(aeaooeaiaeueiue ?aaeei iaaethaeaiey). Auai? aeaoo ii?aaeaeaiiuo EIE
i?iecaiaeeony neaaeothuei ia?acii:
3.2.5.1. Iaaeaoue eiiieo “ANA |_ AIE” iiae iaaeienueth “EAO”, i?e yoii
o eaauo eiaeeeaoi?ia iaieo oeeo?iauo oaaei ia/eiaao naaoeoueny ciae
caiyoie.
3.2.5.2. I?e ioaeaoie eiiiea “AO1 |_ AO2” iaa?aoue n iiiiuueth eiiiie
“23 ( 20” i?ia?aiiaoi?a “NE” aeaie/iue eiae ia?aiai aua?aiiiai EIE e
iaaeaoue eiiieo “Ione”. I?e yoii ia eaaii oaaei o ciaea caiyoie iiyaeony
iiia? aua?aiiiai EIE.
3.2.5.3. I?e iaaeaoie eiiiea “AO1 |_ AO2” iiaoi?eoue oeacaiioth
i?ioeaaeo?o aeey aoi?iai aua?aiiiai EIE. Iiia? yoiai EIE iiyaeony o
ciaea caiyoie i?aaiai oaaei.
3.2.5.4. Iaaeaoue eiiieo “Eiiiooaoi?” iiae iaaeienueth “Eiio?ieue V (“.
Oaia?ue aeaa aua?aiiuo EIE /a?ac eaiaeu eiiiooaoi?a eaai?aoi?iiai
noaiaea niaaeeiaiu n inoeeeeia?aoii ioeueoeiao?a. ?aaoee?iaeo aaee/eiu e
?aniieiaeaiey neaiaeia ia ye?aia inouanoaeyaony ?acaeaeueii ?o/eaie “(“
e “((” iiae iaaeienueth “Eiiiooaoi?”. Neaaa ?aniieiaeaiu ?o/ee
?aaoee?iaee ia?aiai eaiaea eiiiooaoi?a, ni?aaa – aoi?iai eaiaea
eiiiooaoi?a.
3.2.5.5. Aeey auoiaea ec ?aaeeia iaaethaeaiey neaiaeia ia ye?aia
ioeueoeiao?a ia?aaanoe eiiieo “ANA |_AIE” iiae iaaeienueth “EAO” a
ioaeaoia ninoiyiea.
3.3. Enneaaeiaaiea yeaiaioia AeAe4 (noaoe/aneee ?aaeei) e AeAe5
(n/aoiue ?aaeei).
3.3.1. Eiae/aneea neaiaeu “0” e “1” ia S, R, J e E – aoiaeu
oieaa?naeueiuo o?eaaa?ia iiaeathony n iiiiuueth eiiiie SA7 ( SA12
(aiaeiae/ii ?anniio?aiiiio a i.3.2.1.).
3.3.2. Neaiae ia aoiae N o?eaaa?a iinooiaao io ano?iaiiiai aaia?aoi?a
eiioeuenia eaai?aoi?iiai noaiaea, eioi?ue au?aaaouaaao na?eth eiioeuenia
iieiaeeoaeueiie iiey?iinoe. *enei eiioeuenia iiaeao eciaiyoueny io 1 aei
15 e onoaiaaeeaaaony n iiiiuueth eiiiie n oeenaoeeae “23 ( 20”,
?aniieiaeaiiuo iiae iaaeienueth “I?ia?aiiaoi? NE”. Eiiiee aac oeenaoeee
“Ione” e “Onoaiia. 0” neoaeao aeey caaeaiey ?aaeeia ?aaiou aaia?aoi?a.
I?e yoii aeieaeia niaethaeaoueny neaaeothuay iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue
aeaenoaee:
3.3.2.1. Iaa?aoue /enei eiioeuenia a ia/ea a aeaie/iii eiaea n
iiiiuueth eiiiie “23 ( 20”. Eiiiea a iaaeaoii ninoiyiee niioaaonoaoao
aeaie/iay aaeeieoea (i?e yoii caai?aaony niioaaonoaothuee naaoiaeeiae).
3.3.2.2. Iaaeaoue eiiieo “Onoaiia. 0” e oaaaeeoueny, /oi naaoiaeeiae
eiiiee “Ione” iiaaoai. Aaia?aoi? eiioeuenia aioia e ?aaioa.
3.3.2.3. Iaaeaoue eiiieo “Ione”. I?e yoii aaia?aoi? au?aaaouaaao
ioaeioth ia/eo eiioeuenia. Aeey iiaoi?iiai aeeth/aiey aaia?aoi?a
iaaeaoue eiiieo “Onoaiia. 0”, a yaoai eiiieo “Ione” e o.ae.
3.3.3. Eiio?ieue auoiaeiuo neaiaeia o?eaaa?a AeAe4 inouanoaeyaony n
iiiiuueth eaaiai oeeo?iaiai oaaei ia aeiea E32.
3.3.4. N/aoiua eiioeuenu ia o?eaaa? AeAe5, ?aaioathuee a n/aoiii
?aaeeia, iinooiatho /a?ac yeaiaio “E”, nia?aiiue ia iee?inoaia AeAe1.
Neaiae eiae/aneie “1”, ?ac?aoathuee i?ioiaeaeaiea iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe
eiioeuenia, iiaeaaony ia yeaiaio “E” iaaeaoeai eiiiee SA15. Ninoiyiea
naiaiaeiuo aoiaeia J e K o?eaaa?a AeAe5 niioaaonoaoao iaee/eth aeey ieo
neaiaea eiae/aneie aaeeieoeu.
3.3.5. Neaiaeu n i?yiiai e eiaa?niiai auoiaea o?eaaa?a AeAe5 iinooiatho
a EIE4 e EIE5 niioaaonoaaiii. I?e yoii aiciiaeii iaaethaeaiea yoeo
neaiaeia ia ye?aia ioeueoeiao?a niaianoii n aoiaeiuie n/aoiuie
eiioeuenaie, iinooiathueie ia EIE1. Auai? EIE i?iecaiaeeony niaeanii
i.3.2.5.
4. Iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee e auiieiaieth ?aaiou
4.1. Enneaaeiaaiea o?eaaa?a Oieaeoa.
4.1.1. Oaaaeeoueny a i?aaeeueiinoe eiiiooaoeee eaai?aoi?iiai noaiaea
niaeanii i.i.3.1.1. ( 3.1.3. aeaiiiai oeacaiey.
4.1.2. Onoaiiaeoue ia auoiaea aaia?aoi?a E31 auoiaeiie neaiae n
/anoioie
F = (1 + 2) eAoe
4.1.3. Iaania/eoue aeaooeaiaeueiue ?aaeei iaaethaeaiey neaiaeia ia
aoiaea e auoiaea o?eaaa?a niaeanii i.i.3.1.1. ( 3.1.3. Eciaiyy o?iaaiue
iai?yaeaiey ia auoiaea aaia?aoi?a E31, iieo/eoue ecia?aaeaiea yoeo
neaiaeia ia ye?aia ioeueoeiao?a e ca?eniaaoue eo a aaeeiii ianooaaa
a?aiaie.
4.1.4. Ecia?eoue ia?aiao?u auoiaeiiai neaiaea o?eaaa?a (ecia?aiey
?aeiiaiaeoaony i?iaiaeeoue i?e iaaeaoie eiiiea “AO1”.
4.1.5. Eciaiyy aiieeooaeo neaiaea ia aoiaea o?eaaa?a, onoaiiaeoue
iiiaio i?iiaaeaiey neaiaea ia auoiaea o?eaaa?a. Ecia?eoue aiieeooaeo
niioaaonoaothuaai aoiaeiiai neaiaea (ecia?aiea i?iaiaeeoue i?e iaaeaoie
eiiiea “AO2”).
4.1.6. Ii ?acoeueoaoai ecia?aiee iino?ieoue ia?aaeaoi/ioth
oa?aeoa?enoeeo o?eaaa?a Oieaeoa.
4.1.7. Naeaeaoue auaiaeu ii aeaiiiio ioieoo.
4.2. Enneaaeiaaiea oieaa?naeueiiai D-o?eaaa?a.
4.2.1. Caaeaaay n iiiiuueth eiiiie SA1 ( SA4 i?ia?aiiaoi?a eiaeia
?acee/iua o?iaie eiae/aneeo neaiaeia e eieoe?oy iieiaeeoaeueiue eiioeuen
ia S, R, D e N aoiaeao o?eaaa?a (ni. i.i.3.2.1. ( 3.2.3.), ii?aaeaeeoue
n iiiiuueth oeeo?iaiai oaaei niioaaonoaothuea eiae/aneea neaiaeu ia
i?yiii e eiaa?niii auoiaea o?eaaa?a. ?acoeueoaou caianoe a oaae.3.
Oaaeeoea 3
F
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1 0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
—
—
1
1
1 1
1
1 0
1
0
_| |_
_| |_
_| |_
1
1 1
1 _| |_
_| |_
0
1
—
—
4.2.2. Ii ?acoeueoaoai enneaaeiaaiee ninoaaeoue oaaeeoeu ooieoeee
ia?aoiaea aeey RS- e D-o?eaaa?ia (oaaeeoea 4 e oaaeeoea 5
niioaaonoaaiii).
Oaaeeoea 4 Oaaeeoea 5
4.2.3. I?iaanoe aiaeec oaaeeoe
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