Aa?eaio 1
1. *oi oaeia eioi?iaoeeiiiay oaoiieiaey.
Aeaaiui iai?aaeaieai ia?ano?ieee iaiaaeaeiaioa e aai ?aaeeeaeueiiai
oniaa?oainoaiaaiey, i?eniiniaeaiey e nia?aiaiiui oneiaeyi noaei ianniaia
eniieueciaaiea iiaaeoae eiiiuethoa?iie e oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiie oaoieee,
oi?ie?iaaiea ia aa iniiaa aunieiyooaeoeaiuo
eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneeo oaoiieiaee. N?aaenoaa e iaoiaeu
i?eeeaaeiie eioi?iaoeee eniieuecothony a iaiaaeaeiaioa e ia?eaoeiaa.
Iiaua oaoiieiaee, iniiaaiiua ia eiiiuethoa?iie oaoieea, o?aaotho
?aaeeeaeueiuo eciaiaiee i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo? iaiaaeaeiaioa, aai
?aaeaiaioa, eaae?iaiai iioaioeeaea, nenoaiu aeieoiaioaoeee, oeene?iaaiey
e ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee. Iniaia cia/aiea eiaao aiaae?aiea
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaiaaeaeiaioa, cia/eoaeueii ?anoe?ythuaa aiciiaeiinoe
eniieueciaaiey eiiiaieyie eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ?ano?nia. ?acaeoea
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaiaaeaeiaioa naycaii n i?aaiecaoeeae nenoaiu ia?aaioee
aeaiiuo e ciaiee, iineaaeiaaoaeueiiai eo ?acaeoey aei o?iaiy
eioaa?e?iaaiiuo aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo nenoai oi?aaeaiey, ioaaouaathueo ii
aa?oeeaee e ai?eciioaee ana o?iaie e caaiuey i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa.
Oaoiieiaey — yoi eiiieaen iao/iuo e eiaeaia?iuo ciaiee, ?aaeeciaaiiuo a
i?eaiao o?oaea, iaai?ao iaoa?eaeueiuo, oaoie/aneeo, yia?aaoe/aneeo,
o?oaeiauo oaeoi?ia i?iecaiaenoaa, niiniaao eo niaaeeiaiey aeey nicaeaiey
i?iaeoeoa eee oneoae, ioaa/athueo ii?aaeaeaiiui o?aaiaaieyi.
Oaoiieiaey ia?ac?uaii naycaia n iaoeiecaoeeae i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai eee
iai?iecaiaenoaaiiiai, i?aaeaea anaai oi?aaeai/aneiai i?ioeanna.
Oi?aaeai/aneea oaoiieiaee iniiauaathony ia i?eiaiaiee eiiiuethoa?ia e
oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiie oaoieee.
Niaeanii ii?aaeaeaieth, i?eiyoiio THIANEI, eioi?iaoeeiiiay oaoiieiaey —
yoi eiiieaen acaeiinaycaiiuo, iao/iuo, oaoiieiae/aneeo, eiaeaia?iuo
aeenoeeieei, eco/athueo iaoiaeu yooaeoeaiie i?aaiecaoeee o?oaea ethaeae,
caiyouo ia?aaioeie e o?aiaieai eioi?iaoeee; au/eneeoaeueioth oaoieeo e
iaoiaeu i?aaiecaoeee e acaeiiaeaenoaey n ethaeueie e i?iecaiaenoaaiiui
iai?oaeiaaieai, eo i?aeoe/aneea i?eeiaeaiey, a oaeaea naycaiiua ni anai
yoei nioeeaeueiua, yeiiiie/aneea e eoeueoo?iua i?iaeaiu. Naie
eioi?iaoeeiiiua oaoiieiaee o?aaotho neiaeiie iiaeaioiaee, aieueoeo
ia?aiia/aeueiuo cao?ao e iaoeiaieie oaoieee. Eo aaaaeaiea aeieaeii
ia/eiaoueny n nicaeaiey iaoaiaoe/aneiai iaania/aiey, oi?ie?iaaiey
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia a nenoaiao iiaeaioiaee niaoeeaeenoia.
2. Eaeea nia?aiaiiua oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa eniieuecothony aeey
aaoiiaoecaoeee eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
A iineaaeiea aeanyoeeaoey iaiaaeaeiaiou a iaeaieaa ?acaeouo no?aiao, a
/anoiinoe, a NOA e ssiiiee, ia oai?/aneea (niceaeathuea) eioi?iaoeeiiiua
oaoiieiaee oae iacuaaaiiai o?aoueaai (aunoaai) o?iaiy. Iie ioaaouaatho
iieiue eioi?iaoeeiiiue oeeee — au?aaioeo eioi?iaoeee (iiauo ciaiee), eo
ia?aaea/o, ia?a?aaioeo, eniieueciaaiea aeey i?aia?aciaaiey iauaeoa,
aeinoeaeaiey iiauo aieaa aunoeo oeaeae.
Eioi?iaoeeiiiua oaoiieiaee o?aoueaai o?iaiy icia/atho aunoee yoai
eiiiuethoa?ecaoeee iaiaaeaeiaioa, iicaieytho caaeaenoaiaaoue YAI a
oai?/aneii i?ioeanna, niaaeeieoue neeo /aeiaa/aneiai oia e iiuue
yeaeo?iiiie oaoieee.
Iieiay eioaa?e?iaaiiay aaoiiaoecaoeey iaiaaeaeiaioa i?aaeiieaaaao ioaao
neaaeothueo eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneeo i?ioeannia: naycue, nai?,
o?aiaiea e aeinooi e iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee, aiaeec eioi?iaoeee,
iiaeaioiaea oaenoa, iiaeaea?aeea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
i?ia?aiie?iaaiea e ?aoaiea niaoeeaeueiuo caaea/. Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey
aaoiiaoecaoeee eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe eiiiaiee
neaaeothuea: aaoiiaoecaoeey i?ioeanna iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae, aeeth/ay
o/?aaeaeai/aneoth AON, “ yeaeo?iiioth ii/oo”. E nia?aiaiiui oaoie/aneei
n?aaenoaai aaoiiaoecaoeee eioi?iaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
ioiinyony:
1. ia?niiaeueiua eiiiuethoa?u, iauaaeeiaiiua a naoe;
2. yeaeo?iiiua ieoouea iaoeiee;
3. oaenoiia?aaaouaathuea nenoaiu ( i?iaeaiiii?eaioe?iaaiiua
eiiiuethoa?iua nenoaiu, eiathuea aieueoea ooieoeeiiaeueiua
aiciiaeiinoe);
4. eiie?iaaeueiua iaoeiu;
5. eiiioieeaoeeiiiua n?aaenoaa, oaeaoiiioth oaoieeo;
6. n?aaenoaa aeey aaoiiaoecaoeee aaiaea a?oeaiuo aeieoiaioia e iienea
eioi?iaoeee (e iei ioiinyony iao?aaeeoeeiiiua iineoaee eioi?iaoeee:
iaaieoiua aeenee e eaiou, iee?ioeeueiu, aeenee n iioe/aneeie caienyie);
7. n?aaenoaa aeey iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae — “yeaeo?iiiay ii/oa”;
8. aeaeaieioi?iaoeeiiiua nenoaiu;
9. eieaeueiua eiiiuethoa?iua naoe;
10. eioaa?e?iaaiiua naoe o/?aaeaeaiee.
3. *oi iiae?acoiaaaaony iiae no?oeoo?e-?iaaieai eioi?iaoeee
Nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey aacaie aeaiiuo auiieiytho neaaeothuea aeaa iniiaiua
ooieoeee: a) o?aiaiea e aaaeaiea i?aaenoaaeaiey no?oeoo?iie eioi?iaoeee
(aeaiiuo); a) i?aia?aciaaiea ii iaeioi?iio cai?ino o?aieiiai
i?aaenoaaeaiey a no?oeoo?ioth eioi?iaoeeth. Oa?iei “no?oeoo?iay
eioi?iaoeey” eniieuecoaony aeey i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiey iano?oeoo?iie
oaenoiaie eioi?iaoeee, yaeythuaeny iauaeoii eioi?iaoeeiiii-iieneiauo
nenoai. No?oeoo?iie eioi?iaoeee niioaaonoaoao iiiyoea oi?iaoiuo aeaiiuo.
A nia?aiaiiuo nenoaiao oi?aaeaiey aacaie aeaiiuo iieueciaaoaeue eiaao
aeaei n niaea?aeaoaeueiie noi?iiie naieo aeaiiuo, a ia n aeaoaeyie eo
i?aaenoaaeaiey a iaiyoe YAI. Ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca auai? i?aaenoaaeaiey
eioi?iaoeee eaaeeo ia NOAAe, i?e/ai i?aaenoaaeaiea oiai eee eiiai oaeoa
?aaeueiiai ie?a iiaeao a iauai neo/aa eciaieoueny aac aaaeiia
iieueciaaoaey. ssaeaiey ?aaeueiiai ie?a ca/anooth iiaoo auoue iienaiu n
iiiiuueth no?oeoo?iuo acaeiinaycae iaaeaeo niaieoiiinoyie oaeoia. Aeey
i?aaenoaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee i iiaeiaiiai ?iaea yaeaieyo iiaeao auoue
eniieueciaaia no?oeoo?iay iiaeaeue aeaiiuo. A iauai neo/aa iiaeii
auaeaeeoue aeaa oeia naycae aeaiiuo:
a) naycue iaaeaeo ao?eaooaie iaeiiai e oiai aea iauaeoa;
a) naycue iaaeaeo iauaeoaie.
Naycue ao?eaooia i?aaenoaaeyaony oeiii caienae, eioi?ua a naith
i/a?aaeue yaeythony iieiaiiaaiiie niaieoiiinoueth yeaiaioia aeaiiuo.
Nayce iaaeaeo iauaeoaie iiaoo auoue i?aaenoaaeaiu iaeioi?ui a?aoii eee
aeeaa?aiiie no?oeoo?u aeaiiuo.
NOAAe iniiauaaaony ia ii?aaeaeaiiie iiaeaee aeaiiuo, eioi?ay io?aaeaao
acaeiinayce iaaeaeo iauaeoaie. Aieueoeinoai nia?aiaiiuo ?aaeecaoeee
i?eiaiytho ea?a?oe/aneoth eee naoaaoth iiaeaeue, a oaeaea
i?eia?aoathuoth iiioey?iinoue ?aeyoeeiiioth iiaeaeue. N iiiiuueth
iiaeaee aeaiiuo iiaoo auoue i?aaenoaaeaiu iauaeou i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe e
acaeiinayce iaaeaeo ieie. Acaeiinaycue a iiaeaee aeaiiuo au?aaeaao
ioia?aaeaiea eee naycue iaaeaeo aeaoiy iiiaeanoaaie aeaiiuo. ?acee/atho
acaeiinayce oeia “iaeei e iaeiiio”, “ iaeei ei iiiaei”.
Aeaaeei iaci? iiaeaeae aeaiiuo: a) a ?aeyoeeiiiie iiaeaee iauaeou e
acaeiinayce iaaeaeo ieie i?aaenoaaeythony n iiiiuueth oaaeeoe; a)
ea?a?oe/aneay iiaeaeue no?ieony ii i?eioeeio ea?a?oee oeiia iauaeoia,
o.a. iaeei oei iauaeoa yaeyaony aeaaiui, a inoaeueiua, iaoiaeyueany ia
iecoeo o?iaiyo ea?a?oee, — iiae/eiaiiuie (acaeiinaycue “iaeei ei
iiiaei”); a) a naoaaie iiaeaee iiiyoey aeaaiiai e iiae/eiaiiiai
ianeieueei ?anoe?aiu. Ethaie iauaeo iiaeao auoue e aeaaiui e
iiae/eiaiiui, yoi icia/aao, /oi eaaeaeue iauaeo iiaeao o/aanoaiaaoue a
ethaii /enea acaeiinaycae.
4. *oi oaeia aacu aeaiiuo.
Ooi/iei oa?ieiieiaeth.
Eioi?iaoeey — niaieoiiinoue naaaeaiee, aini?eieiaaiuo ec ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu, auaeaaaaiuo a ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo, eeai nio?aiyaiuo aioo?e
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu.
Aeaiiua — eioi?iaoeey, i?aaenoaaeaiiay a aeaea, iicaieythuai
aaoiiaoece?iaaoue aa nai?, o?aiaiea e aeaeueiaeooth ia?aaioeo /aeiaaeii
eee eioi?iaoeeiiiui n?aaenoaai.
Oaee — iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue caienae, ?aciauaaiuo ia aiaoieo
caiiieiathueo ono?ienoaao e ?anniao?eaaaiuo a i?ioeanna ia?aaioee, eae
aaeeiia oeaeia.
Aaca aeaiiuo — niaieoiiinoue acaeiinaycaiiuo aeaiiuo i?e oaeie
ieieiaeueiie ecauoi/iinoe, eioi?ay iicaieyao aa eniieueciaaoue
iioeiaeueiui ia?acii aeey iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo i?eeiaeaiee a
ii?aaeaeaiiie i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
I?aaeiaoiay iaeanoue — yoi io?aaeaiea a AAe niaieoiiinoe iauaeoia
?aaeueiiai ie?a n eo naycyie, ioiinyueony e iaeioi?ie iaeanoe ciaiee e
eiathueo i?aeoe/aneoth oeaiiinoue aeey iieueciaaoaeae.
I?aaeaea anaai, nouanoaoao aaca aeaiiuo — niaieoiiinoue aeaiiuo,
o?aiyueony ai aoi?e/iie iaiyoe — ia aeeneao, aa?aaaiao eee eaeii-eeai
ae?oaii iineoaea. Ai-aoi?uo, eiaaony iaai? i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii iaeaoiie
ia?aaioee, eioi?ua ?aaioatho n yoeie aeaiiuie (auai?ea, iaiiaeaiea,
aeeth/aiea, oaeaeaiea). Aeiiieieoaeueii iiaeao i?enoonoaiaaoue a?oiia
iia?aoeaiuo iieueciaaoaeae, acaeiiaeaenoaothueo n aacie aeaiiuo io
oaeaeaiiuo oa?ieiaeia. A-o?aoueeo, aaca aeaiiuo yaeyaony
“eioaa?e?iaaiiie”, o.a. niaea?aeeo aeaiiua aeey iiiaeo iieueciaaoaeae.
Aacu aeaiiuo nicaeathony n oeaeueth oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey
ii?aaeaeaiiuie aeaiiuie.
Niaianoiia eniieueciaaiea aeaiiuo i?aaeiieaaaao ia oieueei oi, /oi ana
oaeeu nouanoaothueo i?eeiaeaiee eioaa?e?iaaiu, a oaeaea e oi, /oi iiaua
i?eeiaeaiey iiaoo auoue iino?iaiu ia nouanoaothuae aaca aeaiiuo.
Eniieueciaaiea AAe iaania/eaaao a iniiaiii: — iacaaeneiinoue aeaiiuo e
i?ia?aii; — ?aaeecaoeeth ioiioaiee iaaeaeo aeaiiuie; — niaianoeiinoue
eiiiiiaioia AAe; — i?inoioo eciaiaiey eiae/aneie e oece/aneie no?oeoo?
AAe; — oeaeinoiinoue; — ainnoaiiaeaiea e caueoo AAe e ae?. E ae?oaei
oeaeyi eniieueciaaiey AAe ioiinyony: nie?auaiea ecauoi/iinoe a o?aieiuo
aeaiiuo; ono?aiaiea ianiaianoeiinoe a o?aieiuo aeaiiuo n iiiiuueth
aaoiiaoe/aneie ei??aeoe?iaee e iiaeaea?aeee anao aeoaee?othueo caienae;
— oiaiueoaiea noieiinoe ?ac?aaioee iaeaoa i?ia?aiiu; — i?ia?aiie?iaaiea
cai?inia e AAe.
AAe yaeyaony aeeiaie/aneie eioi?iaoeeiiiie iiaeaeueth iaeioi?ie
i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe, ioia?aaeaieai aiaoiaai ie?a. Eaaeaeiio iauaeoo
i?enou ?yae oa?aeoa?iuo aeey iaai naienoa, i?eciaeia, ia?aiao?ia. ?aaioa
n AAe inouanoaeyaony ii ao?eaooai iauaeoia.
5. Iauay no?oeoo?a ieii windows
Iauaiea iieueciaaoaey n iaiei/eie Windows i?ienoiaeeo iin?aaenoaii
iiiaiieiiiiai eioa?oaena — /a?ac nenoaio ieii. Ieia eee i?aaenoaaeythuea
eo ieeoia?aiiu ?aniieiaeaiu ia iiea ye?aia, eae aoiaae ia ?aai/ai noiea.
?a/ue eaeao i iaeaiueeii noiea, ia eioi?ii iiiai aoiaa, “eaaeaueo” a
aanii?yaeea”.
Iin?aaenoaii ieii e ieeoia?aii auiieiythony ana iaieioeyoeee n
i?ia?aiiaie e oaeeaie aeieoiaioia a n?aaea Windows. Iiaeii caionoeoue
iaeii eee aeaaea ianeieueei i?eeiaeaiee iaeiia?aiaiii e a ioe?uaoeony
ieiao iaaethaeaoue i?ioeann eo auiieiaiey. (Anee i?iaeieaeeoue
aiaeiaeth, oi yoiio niioaaonoaoao auoaneeaaiea ec yueeia noiea ?acee/iuo
aoiaa e ?acai?a/eaaiea eo ia noiea. Iiaeii “ia?aeeth/aoue aieiaiea” n
iaeiiai ieia ia ae?oaia. Eiioeao?aoeey e ?aniieiaeaiea ieii
i?iecaiaeeony a niioaaonoaee n ee/iui aeonii iieueciaaoaey.
Eaaeaeia ieii niaea?aeeo iiea caaieiaea e ?aai/aa iiea. Yoi ia?aie/aiiay
?aieie iiaa?oiinoue eee /anoue iiaa?oiinoe ye?aia. Iii iiaeao eiaoue
?acee/iue ?acia? eee iaoiaeeoueny a ?aciuo ianoao ye?aia. Aioo?e
eaaeaeiai ieia /oi-ieaoaeue “aeaeaaony” naiei iieueciaaoaeai. Ieii
iiaeao auoue a iieiue ye?ai, eee caieiaoue aai /anoue, eee a aeaea
ieeoia?aiiu. I?aaenoaaeaiea e ?aniieiaeaiea ieii a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a
caaeneo io oiai, neieueei i?eeiaeaiee iaeiia?aiaiii auiieiythony a
n?aaea Windows. Anee aeoeaii anaai iaeii i?eeiaeaiea, oi oeaeaniia?acii
i?aaenoaaeoue niioaaonoaothuaa ieii a iieiiye?aiiii aa?eaioa. ?aaioa
iaeiia?aiaiii n aeaoiy i?eeiaeaieyie i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea aeaoo ieii
ii?iaeueiiai ?acia?a, ?aciauaiiuo ia aeaoo iieiaeiao ye?aia.
A n?aaea Windows i?aaeoniio?aiu ieia aeaoo oeiia: — ieia, a eioi?uo
auiieiythony i?eeiaeaiey (i?eeeaaeiua ieia); — ieia, iiae/eiaiiua
ae?oaei, neoaeauea aeey eiaeeeaoeee aeieoiaioia eee ieeoia?aii e
iacuaathony ieiaie aeieoiaioia eee a?oiiiauie ieiaie.
Iiae/eiaiiia ieii ia iiaeao auoue auaaaeaii ca i?aaeaeu ieia — oicyeia.
I?eeeaaeiua ieia — a caaieiaea eiy i?eeiaeaiey, eioi?iio i?eiaaeeaaeeo
yoi ieii. I?aaeiacia/aiea ?aai/aai iiey caaeneo io i?eeiaeaiey: a iaeieo
i?eeiaeaieyo a iai ioia?aaeathony aaiaeeiue n eeaaeaoo?u oaeno, a
ae?oaeo — ?enoaiay iin?aaenoaii iuoe ea?oeiea, a o?aoueeo — ?acoeueoaou
?an/aoia.
Iiae/eiaiiia ieii iiaeao eiaoue niaoeeaeueiia eiy. Niaoeeaeueiui
yaeyaony e niaea?aeaiea ieia. Caaieiaee ieii, iiae/eiaiiuo ?acee/iui
i?eeiaeaieyi, niaea?aeao eiaia aeieoiaioia, eioi?ua ?aniieaaathony a
yoeo ieiao. Iie ia eiatho iaith.
A aeaaiie iaiei/ea Iaiaaeaea?u I?ia?aii eiaaony iyoue iiae/eiaiiuo
a?oiiiauo ieii:
— Main — aeaaiay a?oiia;
— Games — ea?u;
— Start Up — a?oiia aaoiiaoe/anee caioneaaiuo i?e caa?ocea iaiei/ee
i?ia?aii;
— Accessories — a?oiia na?aeniuo i?ia?aii, eino?oiaioa?ee;
— Applications — a?oiia aeiiieieoaeueiuo i?ia?aii (iau/ii DOS
i?eeiaeaiey).
A ethaii neo/aa a ieia Iaiaaeaea?a I?ia?aii aoaeoo iaoiaeeoueny eeai
naie ieia, eeai eo ieeoia?aiiu. (Ieeoia?aiia — a?aoe/aneia ecia?aaeaiea
naa?iooiai ninoiyiey ieia, ?aniieaaathuayny a ieaeiae /anoe ye?aia).
6. Eae nicaeaoue a?oiio i?ia?aii
A?oiia i?ia?aii nicaeaaony, eae i?aaeei, aeey iauaaeeiaiey iaeaieaa
oiio?aaeiuo i?ia?aii a iaeiii ieia. Ana i?ia?aiiu, eioi?ua iiaeii
caionoeoue n iiiiuueth Aeeniao/a?a I?ia?aii, i?aaenoaaeaiu a aeaea
ieeoia?aii. Eae oieueei a ieia Aeeniao/a?a I?ia?aii iiyaeony aieaa
aeaaaeoeaoe neiaieia, oi aeaaaeoeaoue ia?aue neiaie noaiiaeony
iaoeiaeiui, iiyoiio Aeeniao/a? I?ia?aii iauaaeeiyao ?aciiia?aciua
neiaieu a a?oiiu. Eaaeaeay a?oiia iieo/aao nianoaaiiia ieii, oae
iacuaaaiia “a?oiiiaia ieii”, a eioi?ia niae?athony neiaieu i?ia?aii,
aoiaeyueo a aeaiioth a?oiio. A eaeaaeueiii neo/aa ioaeaeueiua a?oiiu
niaea?aeao oa i?ia?aiiu, eioi?ua ioiinyony e iaeiie oaiaoe/aneie
iaeanoe. Anee caiiai iiaea?oaeaoue i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu, oi i?ia?aiia
”Setup” ii oiie/aieth nicaeaao ianeieueei a?oii. (ni. auoa).
Anoue aeaa iooe: aeeth/aiea iiauo i?ia?aii a iiaoth (noaiaea?oioth)
a?oiio, iin?aaenoaii Aeeniao/a?a Oaeeia, eee nicaeaoue ieii n iiaui
eiaiai e “ia?aoaueoue” ooaea i?ia?aiiu iin?aaenoaii iiyoue aea
Aeeniao/a?a Oaeeia eee Aeeniao/a?a I?ia?aii, iooai “ia?aoaneeaaiey”
iuoueth ieeoia?aiiu oaeea e i?ia?aiiu.
7. Eae auiieiyaony a aeeniao/a?a oaeeia auaeaeaiea iaeiiai eee a?oiiu
oaeeia
Auaeaeeoue oaee eee eaoaeia — yoi i/aiue i?inoi: uaeeiooue eaaie eiiieie
iuoe ia eiaie oaeea eee eaoaeiaa.
A?oiio oaeeia, neaaeothueo ii-ii?yaeeo, iiaeii auaeaeeoue neaaeothuei
niiniaii: “uaeeiooue” ia ia?aii oaeea, iaaeaoue SHIFT e, ia ioioneay,
“uaeeiooue” ia iineaaeiai.
Anee oaeeu eaeoo ia ii-ii?yaeeo: iaaeaoue e ia ioioneaoue CTRL,
iineaaeiaaoaeueii “uaeeiooue” ia eiaiao oaeeia, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii
auaeaeeoue, ioionoeoue CTRL.
8. Eae iaeoe noiio e n?aaeiaa cia/aiea ?yaea /enae n iiiiuueth iao/iiai
eaeueeoeyoi?a
Aieoe a ?aaeei eaeueeoeyoi?a e uae/eii eiiiee iuoe ia Sta, aeeth/ei
?aaeei noaoenoe/aneeo ?an/aoia. Aaiaeeony ia?aia /enei a eaeueeoeyoi? e
eiiiee Dat iaania/eaaai i?eai iieai iiaeaea?aeee noao?an/aoia
aaaaeaiiiai /enea. Aiaeiae/ii aaiaeyony inoaeueiua /enea. Anee iu oioei
i?iecaanoe iiaen/ao noiiu aaaaeaiiuo /enae, iaiaoiaeeii iaaeaoue eiiieo
Sum (iuoueth), a anee iu oioei iiaen/eoaoue n?aaeiaa cia/aiea — oi
eiiieo Ave.
11. Eae a exel auiieieoue aaoiiaoe/aneia caiieiaiea y/aae oaaeeoeu.
Iiiaea paai/ea oaaeeoeu, nicaeaiiua a Excel, opaaotho aaiaea
iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo aeao eee /enae. Ipiapaiiiia npaaenoai AutoFill
ipaaeiacia/aii aeey yoeo oeaeae. Io ian opaaoaony aaanoe ia/aeueiia
cia/aiea. Oeacaoaeue ia npaaenoai AutoFill, iacuaaaiue oeacaoaeai
caiieiaiey (o – iaeaiueeee /apiue epanoee). Aicieeaao ipe iiceoeei-
iepiaaiee oeacaoaey iuoe a ieaeiee ipaaue oaie eeaoee eee ia
iineaaeithth eiiieo ioia/aiiiai aeiea. Ipeiap: caiieiyaony iaiaoiaeeiui
cia/aieai iapaay eeaoea, caoai iiceoeeiiepoaony oeacaoaeue AutoFill (n
iaaeaoie eiiieie), /oi auaeaeyao nopieo eee eieiieo, aei enoiaeiie
eeaoee e ioioneaai. Ana eeaoee aoaeoo caiieiaiu iaiaoiaeeiie
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth.
12. EAE A EXCEL NEIIE?IAAOUe A IAIAOIAeEIOTH ss*AEEO OI?IOEO EC
Ae?OAIE ss*AEEE
Aeey yoiai eniieuecothony npaaenoaa AutoFill eee eiiaiaeu Copy e Paste.
AutoFill – aeey caiieiaiey iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe y/aae oipioeie ec
iapaie y/aeee (iaaeaoue eiiieo e ipioyiooue aei eiia/iie).
Copy e Paste aeey eiiepiaaiey oipioeu a ipiecaieueioth y/aeeo.
13. Eae a excel i?ineaaeeoue acaeiinaycue y/aae.
Eaaeaeay y/aeea eiaao nopiaee aaepan. Au/eneaiey iaaiciiaeiu ec-ca
iaoi/iinoe eee ianiioaaonoaey aeaiiuo e aaepania a oipioeao.
14. Eae a access auiieieoue iiene eioi?iaoeee a oaaeeoea.
*oiau auiieieoue ipinoie iiene ii iaeiiio iieth, iaiaoiaeeii nia/aea
auaeaeeoue yoi iiea. Ioepuoue aeeaeiaiaia ieii (“Ipaaea” -“Iaeoe”)
eee F7, eeai uaeeioa ii eiiiea “Iaeoe” iaiaee einopoiaioia. A iiea
aaiaea “Iapacaoe iienea” aeeaeiaiaiai ieia “Iiene a iiea” aaiaeei n
eeaaeaoopu cia/aiea aeaiiuo, eioipua iaiaoiaeeii iaeoe. Aeey auiieiaiey
iaiauaiiiai iienea, iiaeii aeeth/eoue iiapaoip oaaeiia. *oiau
auiieieoue iiene ii anai iieyi oaaeeoeu, iaiaoiaeeii “uaeeiooue” ii
iapaeeth/aoaeth “Ana iiey”, Access ipiecaiaeeo iiene io oaeouae caiene
aiec ii oaeeo, anee ia auapaii iaipaaeaiea “aaapo”. Anee aaaeii
pacee/ea ipiieniuo e nopi/iuo aoea, oi uaeeiooue ii “N o/aoii paaenopa
neiaieia”. Uaeeiooue ii oeaaeeo “N o/aoii oipiaoa iieae”, anee iu oioei
eneaoue aeaiiua a oii aeaea, a eioipii iie auaiaeyony ia yepai, a ia a
oii, a eioipii iie opaiyony.
“Iapaia aoiaeaeaiea” – aeey iienea n ia/aea oaaeeoeu. “Iiene aeaeaa”
iiene io oaeouae caiene. Aeey iienea ii ianeieueeei iieyi e ioaipa
auaiaeeiuo caienae, eniieuecoaony ieii “Oeeueop”.
15. EAE A FCCESS ECIAIEOUe NO?OEOO?O OAAEEOeU
Iiaeii iaiyoue ipaaenoaaeaiea oaaeeoeu ia yepaia, iaiyoue aunioo nopie
eee oepeio noieaoeia, iiaeii iapanoaaeyoue noieaoeu eee oapaoue eo n
yepaia. Iaith “Oipiao” niaeapaeeo neaaeothuea eiiaiaeu:
– opeoo;
– aunioa nopiee;
– oepeia noieaoea;
– oapaoue noieaoeu;
– auaanoe noieaoeu;
– caoeenepiaaoue noieaoeu;
– niyoue oeenaoeeth;
– naoea.
Anee iaiaoiaeeii eciaieoue nopoeoopo oaaeeoeu, iaiaoiaeeii:
1. Ioepuoue aaco aeaiiuo, niaeapaeauoth oaaeeoeo e ia anyeee neo-
/ae neiiepiaaoue. N oaaeeoeae iiaeii inouanoaeyoue neaaeothuea
iiapaoeee: eiiepiaaiea, oaeaeaiea, iapaeiaiiaaiea, iapaeiaiiaaiea iieae,
anoaaea iieae, eiiepiaaiea iieae, oaeaeaiea iieae, iapaiauaiea iieae,
eciaiaiea naienoa aeaiiuo, panuaieaiea oaaeeoeu, iauaaeeiaiea oaaeeoe,
eciaiaiea iapae/iuo eeth/ae, nienaiea aacu aeaiiuo.
Eiiepiaaiea: 1) Auiieieoue eiiaiaeo “Ipaaea” – “Eiiepiaaoue” eee
uaeeiooue eiiieie “Eiiepiaaoue” iaiaee einopoiaioia. 2) “Ipaa-
ea” – “Anoaaeoue”.
Oaeaeaiea: “Ipaaea” – “Oaeaeeoue”.
Iapaeiaiiaaiea: “Oaee” – “Iapaeiaiiaaiea” – “Ik”
Anoaaea iieae: auapaoue nopieo iipaaeaeaiey iiey, iapaae eioipui
iaiaoiaeeii anoaaeoue iiaia iiea. “Ipaaea” – “Anoaaeoue nopiee” (ieii
oaaeeoeu a paaeeia eiinopoeoipa). Aaanoe iipaaeaeaiea iiaiai iiey.
Eiiepiaaiea iieae: anee nouanoaotho ianeieueei iipaaeaeaiee iioiaeeo
iieae, iiaeii eo eiiepiaaoue. Auaeaeeoue nopieo, niaeapaeauoth
iipaaeaeaiea iiey (Shift – ipiaae). Neiiepiaaoue a aooap iaiaia
(Ipaaea -eiiepiaaoue). Iapaianoeoue eopnip ia nopieo, eioipay aeieaeia
neaaeiaaoue ca anoaaeyaiie nopieie e (Ipaaea – Anoaaeoue nopieo).
Eciaieoue eiy neiiepiaaiiiai iiey.
Oaeaeaiea iieae: ioepuoue oaaeeoeo a paaeeia eiinopoeoipa e auaeaeeoue
iipaaeaeaiiua iiey, eioipua iaiaoiaeeii oaeaeeoue (Shift), eeaaeoa
Del.
Iapaiauaiea iieae: ioepuoue ioaeioth oaaeeoeo a paaeeia eiinopoeoipa,
auaeaeeoue nopieo (Shift – ipiaae), Strl- F8 (paaeei “naeaea”),
naeaeaaai aaapo eee aiec.
Eciaiaiea naienoa aeaiiuo: ioepuoue oaaeeoeo a paaeeia eiinopoeoipa,
uaeeiooue ii y/aeea oeia aeaiiuo oiai iiey, iipaaeaeaiea eioipiai
iaiaoiaeeii eciaieoue, uaeeiooue eiiieie ni nopaeeie aiec (nipaaa),
auapaoue opaaoaiue oei aeaiiuo.
?anuaieaiea oaaeeoeu: auiieiyaony anee iaiaoiaeeii /anoue aeaiiuo
nepuoue io iaueo iieueciaaoaeae.
Iauaaeeiaiea oaaeeoe: auiieiyaony aeey iauaaeeiaiey iaaieueoeo
oaaeeoe a iauoth.
16. Eae a access nio?aieoue cai?in aeey aeaeueiaeoaai eniieueciaaiey.
Ioepuoue iaith File e auapaoue aeepaeoeao Save Query Access
niopaiyaoaioiaua caipinu, eioipua caoai iiaoipii iiaeii eniieueciaaoue.
Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii aeaaaeaeu uaeeiooue ia eiaie caipina a ieia aacu
aeaiiuo.
17. eae a access i?iecaanoe ni?oe?iaeo aeaiiuo ii iaeiiio eee
ianeieueeei iieyi.
Ii iaeiiio iieth nipoepiaea inouanoaeyaony eiiieie Soft
(ipaaeaapeoaeueii auaeaeyaony nipoepoaiia iiea). Nipoepiaeo ii
ianeieueeei iieyi iiaeao epaneai inouanoaeoue iiuiia npaaenoai – caipin.
Ipaaeaapeoaeueii ianopaeaathony oeeueopu nipoepiaee, ii nooe, – yoi
“aunopue /apiiaie” caipin. Access nipoepoao iiey neaaa-iaipaai a naoea
QBE. Epiia oiai, nipoepiaeo iiaeii inouanoaeyoue e ii eiaeaenai.
18. Eaeea oeiu oi?i iiaeii nicaeaaaoue a ACCESS
Access iicaieyao nicaeaaaoue neaaeothuea oipiu:
– ienueia;
– ii/oiaay iaeeaeea;
– apaoe/aneea iapacu aeaiiuo;
– iaueiiaaiiua io/aou n eniieueciaaieai Report Wizard;
– nicaeaiea neiaeiuo io/aoia.
19. *oi oaeia eiiiuethoa?iay naoue
A ianoiyuaa apaiy aieueoeinoai eiiiuethoapia eniieuecoaony ia
ecieepiaaii io aepoaeo eiiiuethoapia, a iinoiyiii eee apaiy io apaiaie
iiaeeeth/athony e eieaeueiui eee aeiaaeueiui eiiiuethoapiui naoyi aeey
iieo/aiey oie eee eiie eioipiaoeee, iinueee eee iieo/aiey niiauaiey
e o.i.
Nouanoaotho eieaeueiua naoe e aeiaaeueiay iepiaay – Internet.
20. *oi oaeia na?aa?u e ?aai/ea noaioeee, eaeea iie eiatho
oa?aeoa?enoeee.
Aeey iaania/aiey ooieoeeiiepiaaiey eieaeueiie naoe /anoi auaeaeyaony
niaoeeaeueiue eiiiuethoap – napaap, eee ianeieueei oaeeo
eiiiuethoapia.
Ia aeeneao napaapia paniieaaatho niaianoii eniieuecoaiua
ipiapaiiu, aacu aeaiiuo e o.i. Inoaeueiua eiiiuethoapu naoe iacuaatho
paai/eie noaioeeyie, ia iaeioipuo ec ieo iiaoo aeaaea ia onoaiaaeeaaoue
aeanoeea aeenee. Aiiapaoiia iaania/aiea napaapia cia/eoaeueii
ipaainoiaeeo aiiapaoiia iaania/aiea paai/eo noaioeee, o.a. iie
yaeythony aanueia iiuiuie eiiiuethoapaie n aieueoei eiee/anoaii
iiapaoeaiie e aeeneiaie iaiyoe, iaeaaeatho eneeth/eoaeueiie
iaaeaaeiinoueth, aunieie ipiecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth, aeoaeepiaaieai
onopienoa e opaieiuo aeaiiuo, npaaenoaa eiiopiey iaae ninoiyieai
napaapa, npaaenoaa iaania/aiey aaniapaaieiie paaiou ipe ioeaca
iaeioipuo onopienoa.
21. *oi oaeia eieaeueiua e naoaaua ?ano?nu.
E eieaeueiui panopnai ioiinyony: naoaaie eiiopieap, eioipue iicaieyao
iaiaieaaoueny eioipiaoeeae n eieaeueiie naoueth, epiia oiai iiaeao
auoue aeanoeee aeene, oapieiae e eeaaeaoopa iaycaoaeueii,
iiapaoeaiay iaiyoue.
E naoaaui panopnai ioiinyony /anoi iauee ipeioap, neaiap, iiaeai,
aeanoeee aeene napaapa e o.i.
22. Eae ?aaioaao yeaeo?iiiay ii/oa a eiiiuethoa?iuo naoyo
Yeaeopiiiay ii/oa iaania/eaaao aeinoaaeo ienai (a /anoi e
ipiecaieueiuo oaeeia, a oaeaea aieiniauo e oaeneieeueiuo niiauaiee) io
iaeieo iieueciaaoaeae e aepoaei, a eiiaaea ii iiaeaio n oaeaeaiiuie
iieueciaaoaeyie eee /apac Internet.
Ipiapaiia paaioaao a “oiiiaii paaeeia”. Ipe iinooieaiee niiauaiey, ia
yepaia aunaa/eaaaony ieii n niiauaieai. Ipe ioipaaea niiauaiey iu
aucuaaai oaeia ieii, aaiaeei niiauaiea e ioipaaeyai.
23. Eaeay iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue ia?acaa?ocee eiiiuethoa?iie naoe.
A ia/aea iapacaapoaeaaony napaap, caoai – paai/ea noaioeee.
24. I?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee iaeii?aiaiauo naoae
Iaeiipaiaiaua naoe eiatho iauaaeeiaiiua panopnu, aunopue iaiai
eioipiaoeeae, ii ia eiatho oeaiopaeueiiai eiiiuethoapa. A paaeueiie
nenoaia eeeaio-napaap, paai/ea noaioeee anoue ia/oi aieueoaa, /ai
eioaeeaeooaeueiua oapieiaeu. Aieueoay /anoue anaai iauaia paaiou
nenoaiu auiieiythony ia paai/eo noaioeeyo (niaianoiay iapaaioea). A
iaeiipaiaiaie naoe aeiaaaeaiea iiaiai oapieiaea – aeiiieieoaeueiay
iaapocea ia oeaiopaeueioth iaoeio.
25. A /ai ?acieoea iaaeaeo oaee-na?aa?ii e na?aa?ii aacu aeaiiuo.
A 1983 aiaeo eiiiaiey Novell auaeaeioea eiioeaioeeth niaianoiiai
eniieueciaaiey oaeeia, a ia aeeneia (aeenea). Eaeay a oii, /oiau ia
aeaeaoue aeanoeee aeene napaapa ia ioaeaeueiua eiae/aneea aeenee.
Aianoi yoiai ipaaeeaaaeinue niopaieoue aeanoeee aeene napaapa a
ea/anoaa aaeeiiai aeenea e ipaaeinoaaeoue aiciiaeiinoue paaioaoue n iei
iaeiiapaiaiii. Oaee – napaap ipaaeinoaaeyao:
– aeinooiiinoue ethaiai aeieoiaioa ec ethaie oi/ee naoe;
– eiipaeeiaoeey aeinooia e aeieoiaioai;
– ipioeaaeopu pacapaiiai aaoieiiepiaaiey;
– epaneaua oaeeiaua nopoeoopu ii oniiopaieth iieueciaaoaeae;
– noaiaiue nopiaie naepaoiinoe;
– oaeiaiue iiene aeieoiaioia.
?acee/ea iaaeaeo aeaoiy iiaeaeyie eniieueciaaiey eioipiaoeee iiaeii
naanoe a oaaeeoeo.
Iiaeaeue Aaeeieoea niaianoiiai eniieueciaaiey
Eiae/aneia onopienoai Iieiue aeene
Eaoaeiaiaue napaen Ioaeaeueiue oaee
AAe Caienue
26. OA?AEOA?ENOEEE NENOAIU INTERNET
Aaeaioapu ARCnet – oaeie ec noapaeoeo ipaaenoaaeoaeae naoaauo
aiiapaoiuo npaaenoa. Iie eiatho iaaunieia aunopiaeaenoaea. Aaeaioapu
Internet iiaoo naycuaaoue oepieee niaeop nenoai, aeeth/athuea e
Unix-eiiiuethoapu, eiiiuethoapu Macintosh, IE IBM e niaianoeiua.
Neipinoue a Internet 10 IAeo/n. Iaaeaeo iapanueeaie aeaiiuo EAN
iaoiaeeony a ninoiyiee iieiy. Aeey onopaiaiey eiioeeeoia eniieuecoaony
iaoaieci (iiiaeanoaaiiue aeinooi n iaiapoaeaieai ianouae e onopaiaieai
eiioeeeoia). N oaaee/aieai caipinia nenoaia aieueoa opaoeo apaiy ia
eo ianeoaeeaaiea.
27. Ia /ai iniiauaaaony nenoaia aeiiaiiuo eiai a INTERNET
Ana eiiiuethoapu, iauaaeeiaiiua a Internet, paaioatho iaae
oipaaeaieai nianoaaiiuo iiapaoeeiiiuo nenoai, ii ana iie iauathony
iaaeaeo niaie ia aaeeiii ycuea eiiiuethoapiuo naoae ON?/IP (ipioieie
oipaaeaiey iapaaea/ae iaae ipioieieii Internet). Ii nooe yoi aeaa
ipioieiea TCP/IP.
IP – (Internet Protocol) – iipaaeaeyao, eae aoaeao auaeyaeaoue
eioipiaoeey ai apaiy iooaoanoaey ii nooa e /oi n iae aeaeaoue, a
oaeaea iipaaeaeyao eae paaioaao nenoaia aaepannaoeee.
Eaaeaeue eiiiuethoap a naoe eiaao naie aaepan (4 oeeopu) ON? ipioieie –
aeey iipaaeaeaiey oeia eioipiaoeee, niaeapaeauaeny a iaeaoa aeaiiuo,
a oaeaea neaaeoao, /oiau aeaiiua iaycaoaeueii aeioee aei aaepannaoa.
TCP ipioieie – iipaaeaeaiey oeia eioipiaoeee, niaeapaeauaeny a iaeaoa
aeaiiuo, a oaeaea neaaeeo, /oiau aeaiiua iaycaoaeueii aeioee aei
aaepannaoa. Eiaia napaapia a Internet iipaaeaeythony, eae nopiee,
iaipeiap, jsc.nasa.gov, iaeiaei, yoi ia yaeyaony aeaenoaeoaeueiie
/anoueth ipioieiea TCP/IP. Nouanoaoao oieaapnaeueiue aiaoiee iaoaieci
ipaiapaciaaiey oaeeo eiai a IP aaepana, eioipua iiieiaao TCP/IP.
Yoio iaoaieci iacuaaaony Nenoaiie Aeiiaiiuo Eiai (DSN), o.i. iao
iaiaoiaeeiinoe ciaoue IP aaepana eiiiuethoapia, e eioipui iu oioei
iapaoeoueny. Iaipeiap, anee eiiiuethoap A oi/ao ciaoue IP-aaepan
eiiiuethoapa jsc.nasa.gov, oi ii aeaeaao caipin ia aeiaaeueiue napaap
DNS. Yoio napaap ia ciaao IP-aaepana, ii caoi ciaao napaap-DNS,
eioipue ciaao ana aaepana, caeai/eaathueany ia nasa.gov e iapanueaao
caipin ia yoio eieaeueiue napaap, eioipue e niiauaao A iaia-
oiaeeiue IP-aaepan.
28. *oi oaeia ie?iaay eioi?iaoeeiiiay naoue web.
Iiyaeaiea Web aucaaii iiaie aieiie eioipiaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee a
Internet, o.a. eioipay ipeaaea e iiyaeaieth ipinouo e eiooeoeaii
iiiyoiuo, iniiauaathueony ia iaeneiaeueiii eniieueciaaiee
aecoaeecaoeee, neoaea, eioipua caiaoeee oaeea oneoae Internet, eae
ii/oa.
Web oipioi paaioaao n apaoe/aneeie iieueciaaoaeueneeie eioapoaenaie
(Windows, Macintosh). Web aeaaea aac apaoeee i/aiue ipeaeaeaoaeueia, oae
eae iiaeii aeaeaoue iooipiaoepiaaiiue oaeno n oaeeie yooaeoaie, eae
iiae/apeeaaiea, ieaaiea, opeoou e oeaao opeooa.
Web – yoi iiiuoea ipaaieciaaoue eioipiaoeeth a naoe, eae iaaip
aeiapoaenoiauo aeieoiaioia (oaen e eapoeiea aianoa).
Web – yoi eapoeiiay aaeapay o aan aeiia. Web – iicaieyao
acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue n aepoaeie napaenaie Internet.
29. Eaeea aeaeu eioi?iaoeee iiaeii iieo/eoue a internet.
Internet ipaaeinoaaeyao neaaeothuea eioipiaoeeiiiua oneoae:
– yeaeopiiiay ii/oa;
– Web;
– Gopher (oipaaeaiea aeinooiii e eioipiaoeee);
– apoiiu iiainoae Usenet (iaiai iiaieai n iaeiei /aeiaaeii eee n
apoiiie ethaeae);
– nienee ii/oiaie pannueee;
– aiiieiiue FTP (ipioieie iapaaea/e oaeeia);
– nenoaiu iapaaea/e oaeeia ii ii/oa;
– aeinooi e aeaeeioa/iui eaoaeiaai n iiiiuueth Telnet;
– eapu;
– IRC eee Ianoi aeey ethaeoaeae iiaieoaoue;
– paaeeiaauaiea a Internet;
– Finger (iaoaieci aeey panipinopaiaiey eioipiaoeee);
– aacu aeaiiuo Wais;
– iiaiaea;
– oaeeu naiaiaeiiai aeinooia;
– aeeaeiaiaua aeo?iaeu;
– FAQ – /anoi caaeaaaaiua aiipinu;
– niipo e oiaae;
– iiainoe e iacipu;
– aeaeeioaee eieeaaeaeae;
– ipaaeoaeuenoaaiiay eioipiaoeey;
– iooaoanoaey;
– paaioa e eapueapa;
– eiiiap/aneea oneoae Internet;
– thiip.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U
1. Aeaeeioaea oipaaeythuaai iapniiaeii: iepiaie iiuo. // Niapaiaiiue
iaiaaeaeiaio: oaipey e ipaeoeea: iacipiay eioipiaoeey. // Nino.
sspiaie A.E. iiae paae. A.A. Uaeeia. – E.: ICOOI, 1994.
2. Eapaouaei N. Eiiiuethoap aeey iinipiaa. // Ei.C.: Iinipia a iipa
aeaiiuo. // Aacu aeaiiuo: ipinoaeoea npaaenoaa iapaaioee eioipiaoeee;
yeaeopiiiua oaaeeoeu; nenoaiu oipaaeaiey aacaie aeaiiuo. A 2-o oiiao. –
I.: ABF, 1995.
3. Oanaeep ?. Iiapaoeeiiiay nenoaia Windows 3.1. – I.: YEII, 1993.
4. Oieoe N. Windows 3.1 aeey iieueciaaoaey. – E.: Oipa.-ecae. Athpi
BHV, 1993.
5. Oapaae A. Excel 5.0 aeey “/aeieeia”. – E.: Aeeaeaeoeea, 1995.
6. Ieeieue I. Yeaeopiiiua oaaeeoeu Excel 5.0 – I.: YEII, 1995.
7. Iaeiap N. Access-2 aeey “/aeieeia”. – E.: Aeeaeaeoeea, 1995.
8. Aaenean Ae. Yooaeoeaiay paaioa n Microsoft Access-2 // Iapaaiae n
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