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Ямбург в 1917-1920 г

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ssIAO?A A 1917-1920

Oi/iuo aeaiiuo i oii, neieueei aieueoaaenoneeo i?aaiecaoeee nouanoaiaaei
a ssiao?aneii oacaea a 1917 aiaeo iaecaanoii. Ecaanoii eeoue, /oi
iaeaieaa iiiai/eneaiiie e niei/aiiie i?aaiecaoeeae e ia/aeo oaa?aeueneie
?aaiethoeee auea Ia?aneay.(16 iiya?y 1917 a. Niaao Ia?iaeiuo Eiienna?ia
aeae niaeanea ia auaeaeaiea Ia?au ec ninoaaa ssiao?aneiai cainoaa
i?eniaaeeiaiea aa e ynoeyiaeneie aoaa?iee, ii a oio ia?eiae ia?aaea/a
i?aeoe/anee ia ninoiyeanue, eai n ia?oa ii iiya?ue 1918 aiaea Ia?aa auea
ieeoie?iaaia iaiaoeeeie aieneaie.) *oi aea eanaaony ssiao?aa, oi a iai
nouanoaiaaea iaaieueoay (3-4 /aeiaaea) a?oiia aieueoaaeeia. Ioaeaeueiua
aieueoaaeee auee ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, ?aniieiaeaiiuo a ?acee/iuo aieinoyo,
ia aaaeouaeny n 1915 aiaea no?ieoaeuenoaa aeaeaciiaei?iaeiie aaoee
Aaeia?i-Eioeu-Eiii?uea-oi?o E?aniay Ai?ea e a ssiao?aneii aa?ieciia. Ia
aieueoaaenoneeo iiceoeeyo noiye e aanueia iiioey?iue a oacaea
iauanoaaiiue aeayoaeue – noaeuey I.E. AEoeia, nioeeae-aeaiie?ao
eioa?iaoeeiiaeeno, anei?a anooieaoee a ?NAe?I(a) e aicaeaaeaoee iaeio ec
aieueoaaenoneeo a?oii.

Aieueoaaeeai i?eoiaeeeinue ?aaioaoue a /?acau/aeii oyaeaeuo oneiaeyo, a
ianoaiiaea caneeuey i?aaenoaaeoaeae ao?aeoaciuo e iaeeiao?aeoaciuo
niaeaoaoaeueneeo ia?oee ai anao i?aaiecaoeeyo o?oaeyueony, oacaeiuo
o/?aaeaeaieyo e aieineeo /anoyo. Ana yoi ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii
neacaeinue ia ?acaeoee niauoee, ?acaa?ioaoeony a oacaea iinea naa?aeaiey
iiia?oee.

A Ia?aa a ii/ue n 1 ia 2 ia?oa aicaeaaeyaoee oai ?aaioo aieueoaaenoneie
i?aaiecaoeee ssai Aiaaeueo i?iaae ia?oeeiia nia?aiea, ia eioi?ii auei
?aoaii iaiaaeeaiii inouanoaeoue caoaao aeanoe a ai?iaea. Eaaeaeue ec
i?enoonoaothueo (a eo auei 30 /aeiaae) iieo/ee eiie?aoiia caaeaiea.
Iaeiei auei ii?o/aii caoaaoeoue oeiia?aoeth, ae?oaei – iaaci?oaeeoue
ai?iaeiauo, o?aoueei – inaiaiaeeoue caeeth/aiiuo e o.ae. Ooo aea aue
eca?ai ?aaiethoeeiiiue eiieoao.

2 ia?oa e 10 /anai oo?a ?aoaiea ia?oeeiiai nia?aiey auei auiieiaii.
Aa/a?ii 2 ia?oa iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii aieueoaaeeia ia E?aiaieueia,
eueiii?yaeeeueiie iaiooaeoo?a (“Ia?oneiee”), noeiiiie oaa?eea e ae?oaeo
i?aaei?eyoeyo, a oaeaea a 285-i caianiii iaoioiii iieeo auee i?iaaaeaiu
auai?u i?aaenoaaeoaeae a Niaao ?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia.
I?aaenaaeaoaeai eniieeiia Ia?aneiai Niaaoa noae ss. Aiaaeueo.

A ssiao?a aanoue i oaa?aeueneie ?aaiethoeee i?eoea 2 ia?oa. Aio eae ia
yoii niiauaea aacaoa “Ecaanoey”: “I?eauaoay ec Iao?ia?aaea 2 ia?oa
aeaeaaaoeey auea ?aaeinoii ano?a/aia aeeoaeyie e aieneii 125-ai
caianiiai iaoioiiai iieea, ia ieaoeo i?ioea eaca?i auee i?iecianaiu
?a/e. Eiiaiaee? iieea I?ica?neee a?anoiaai ia aiecaea. A?aiaiiia
eiiaiaeiaaiea iieeii i?eiye ia naay anaie oaaaeaaiue iieeiaiee
ssiooeaae/.

Iinea ?a/ae i?eano? iocuee ea?ae “Ia?naeueaco”. A ai?iaea iieiue
ii?yaeie.

3 ia?oa a?anoiaaiu aua i?eaa?aeaioeu noa?iai no?iy-iieeiaie aaeuthoaio
Ieeeoei, ia/aeueiee oicyenoaaiiie /anoe Iineaeaiei e eiiaiaee? 1-ie ?iou
Caioeeai.

Aeaeaaao 125-ai iaoioiiai caianiiai iieea Eaai Oaaei?ia.”

Neiai “aeaeaaao” a iiaeiene ia neo/aeii. Aeaei a oii, /oi 1 ia?oa
Iao?ia?aaeneee Niaao ?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia ecaeae i?eeac ?1,
eioi?ui i?aaeienuaaeinue ai anao aieineeo /anoyo aua?aoue io eaaeaeie
?iou naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a yoio Niaao. Io 125-ai iieea, ian/eouaaaoaai
5000 ee/iiai ninoaaa, a Iao?ia?aaeneee Niaao 3 ia?oa auei eca?aii 19
aeaeaaaoia.

A oio aeaiue a ssiao?aa aue nicaeai A?aiaiiue eiieoao. Ii aneaaenoaea
oiai, /oi i?ieaoa?neay i?ineieea caeanue auea neaaa, e aieueoaaeeia
ian/eouaaeenue aaeeieoeu, a aai ninoaaa ieacaeenue aeayoaee a?iaea
i?aaeaiaeeoaey oacaeiiai aeai?yinoaa a?aoa Neaa?na, aee?aeoi?a
eiiia?/aneiai o/eeeua eaaeaoa Aiae?ooeaae/a, iieeiaieea ssiooeaae/a e
i?i/eo i?aaenoaaeoaeae eioueo eeannia. I?aaaea, aeey i?eaeaiey
aeaeeiinoe “aeaiie?aoee” a ninoaa eiieoaoa auei aeeth/aii ianeieueei
nieaeao e o?ia ?aai/eo (Aiae?onia, Aieania, Ooa?in), eioi?ua,
oaaaeeaoenue a ao?aeoaciii oa?aeoa?a yoiai eiieoaoa, auoee ec iaai.
I?inouanoaiaae yoio eiieoao aei ai?aey 1917 aiaea.

A ai?aea 1917 a. a ssiao?aa eca?ai Niaao ?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo
aeaiooaoia. Aieueoeinoai a Niaaoa caoaaoeee yna?u. O?aeoeey
aieueoaaeeia, ?oeiaiaeeiay AEoeiaui, ana aua auea iaei/eneaiiie.

1 iay 1917 a. ninoiyeanue ia?aay naiaiaeiay io i?aneaaeiaaiey a?aaia
ia?iaea iaaaea. Ia yoeo niauoeyo aniiieiaea aiineaaenoaee ?iaeiay nano?a
aieueoaaeea Aiae?oniaa E.Ae.-Y.Ae. Ieeieaaaa: “Iaeaioia
i?acaeieea,-?anneacuaaea Yieeey Aeaieniaia, -iu n Eeiie Ia?oeinii
ii/ueth noeee E?aniia ciaiy e oe?ieoth aeoth eaioo n aaioii. Yoo eaioo
iia, eae naiie iieiaeie o/anoieoea ia?aiiaeneiai i?acaeieea, ii?o/eee
iaaeaoue ia I.E. AEoeiaa-?oeiaiaeeoaey aieueoaaenoneie o?aeoeee a Niaaoa
?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia.

I.E. AEoeia aunooiee ia ieiuaaee n ?a/ueth. Caoai ai?iaeaia aianoa n
i?eniaaeeieaoeieny nieaeaoaie n ianiyie aeaeioeenue ii aeaaiie oeeoea ca
ai?iae. Oai ia iieyia ea?ae aiaiiue aeooiaie i?eano?, iu iaee ianie,
aanaeeeenue, e ieeoi ia niae iai iiiaoaoue.”

11-12 iay 1917 aiaea i?ioae Ia?aue Iao?ia?aaeneee aoaa?ineee nuacae
e?anoueyineeo aeaiooaoia. I?enoonoaotho 22 /aeiaaea io ssiao?aneiai
oacaea.

Iniaaiii o?oaeii auei ?aaioaoue aieueoaaeeai iinea etheueneeo niauoee a
Iao?ia?aaea, aaea 4 ethey A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai iiaeaa?aei iano?aeo
400 ouny/ioth ie?ioth aeaiiino?aoeeth ?aai/eo, nieaeao e iao?inia. 5
ethey thiea?a ?aca?iieee ?aaeaeoeeth aieueoaaenoneie aacaou “I?aaaea”, a
7 ethey aue ecaeai i?eeac ia a?anoa A.E. Eaieia. ssiao?a, Ia?aa, aieinoe
oacaea auee iaaiaeiaiu iia?iiiuie eenoeaie e ao?aeoaciuie aacaoaie.
I?aiaeieaaay aieueoea o?oaeiinoe, aieueoaaeee oa?iaeeai ?acuyniyee
?aai/ei, nieaeaoai e e?anoueyiai ao?aeoacioth nouiinoue A?aiaiiiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa. A ?acoeueoaoa anei?a a ?yaeu aieueoaaeeia ia?aoea a?oiia
iaiueoaaeeia-eioa?iaoeeiiaeenoia, aicaeaaeyaiay o/eoaeai Aeaenaaaui,
oneeeeenue ?aaiethoeeiiiua iano?iaiey nieaeao aa?ieciia,
aoeaece?iaaeanue aeayoaeueiinoue aieueoaaeeia a iieeiaii eiieoaoa. Ia
auai?ao a ssiao?aneoth ai?iaeneoth aeoio, ninoiyaoeony 30 ethey,
aieueoaaeee iieo/eee 5 iano ec 32, a a Ia?aneoth-17 iano ec 35.
(Aieueoaaenoneie o?aeoeeae a Ia?aneie aeoia ?oeiaiaeee A.Y. Eeiaenaii.)

Ia?iiioth ?ieue nua?aee aieueoaaeee a ia?eiae ai?ueau n ei?ieeianeei
iyoaaeii. Eiaaea a eiioea aaaonoa eaca/uee yoaeiiu ei?ieeiaoeaa i?eauee
ia oa??eoi?eth oacaea, a eo /anoe (a niioaaonoaee n i?ecuaii OeE
?NAe?I(a) aeaoue ioii? eiio??aaiethoeee) auee iai?aaeaiu aaeoaoi?u. A
ssiao?aa aaeoaoeeiiioth ?aaioo n?aaee eacaeia i?iaaee I.E. AEoeia, /eaiu
eniieeiia Niaaoa, nieaeaou 125-ai iieea Iao?ia e Aaeeia, ?aai/ee
Aiae?onia; a Ia?aa- A.Y. Eeiaenaii, I. Aeaieeia, I. Ea?iia, A. Iaceeaia,
E. Eacee. Aio /oi aniiieiae aieueoaaee, aeaiooao ssiao?aneiai
Niaaoa-Aiae?onia: “A 1917 aiaeo Ei?ieeia e E?aniia i?eneaee a ssiao?a ia
iiaeiiao Ea?aineiio 11 yoaeiiia eacaeia. Iaoa ia?oey ainiieueciaaeanue
oai, /oi yoaeiiu iyoue nooie noiyee a ssiao?aa. Iu ?acaa?ioee n?aaee
eacaeia aaeoaoeeth, ?acaeaaaee eenoiaee, eeoa?aoo?o e aiai?eee: eaeeoa
?ani?aaeyoueny ni naieie iiiaueeaie. Iaoa ?aaioa aeinoeaea oeaee.
Yoaeiiu iiaa?ioee ia?aoii!” Neacaeinue caeanue e oi, /oi yiao?aneea
aeaeaciiaei?iaeieee ?acia?aee iooe o Oeeiiene e Aaeia?ia, a ia?aneea-o
Naeu e Eiia?iaee.

Naiiioaa?aeaiiay ?aaioa aieueoaaeeia ii eeeaeaeaoeee e?ieeianeiai
iyoaaea iiauneea eo aaoi?eoao a iannao, /oi neacaeinue, iai?eia?, ia
/anoe/iuo ia?aauai?ao a Niaao, caeii/eaoeony a naioya?a. ssiao?aneee
Niaao iiiieieeny aieueoaaeeaie. Iethn e oiio iaeioi?ua aeaiooaou ec
nieaeao e ?aai/eo, ?aiaa iiaeaea?aeeaaaoea yna?ia e iaiueoaaeeia,
ei?aiiui ia?acii eciaieee naith iiceoeeth.

Au?inee e ia?oeeiua ?yaeu. E eiioeo aaaonoa a Ia?aneie i?aaiecaoeee,
aeeth/ay aieueoaaeeia “Ia?oneiee” e Noeiiiie oaa?eee, ian/eouaaeinue
oaea 784 /eaia ia?oee, a a ssiao?aa 7 ieoya?y e?iia ai?iaeneie
i?aaiecaoeee ia?aciaaeanue Aiaiiay i?aaiecaoeey ?NAe?I(a).
I?aaenaaeaoaeai eca?ai *a?iianeee, oiaa?euai i?aaenaaeaoaey
(caianoeoaeai)-Aiaeia, nae?aoa?ai-Aa?aiiae/. Ia ia?aii aea naiai
nia?aiee ssiao?aneay Aiaiiay i?aaiecaoeey ?aoeea onoaiiaeoue nayce n
Iao?ia?aaeii e Ia?aie, aeaeaae?iaaa ooaea eiiioienoa Iia?aaaoeeiai.

Inaiueth 1917 aiaea cia/eoaeueii oneeeeenue ?aaiethoeeiiiua iano?iaiey
n?aaee ?aai/eo, caiyouo ia no?ieoaeuenoaa aeaeaciiaei?iaeiie aaoea. A
ieoya?a no?ieoaee aeaeaciie aei?iae iiaeiyeenue ia caaanoiaeo i?ioea
iieeoeee A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. ?oeiaiaeee ath ?aai/ee eiieoao,
aeaenoaiaaaoee a eiioaeoa n aieueoaaenoneie i?aaiecaoeeae ssiao?aa e
eniieeiiii Niaaoa nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia 12-ie a?iee.

Aieaa ianooiaoaeueiue oa?aeoa? i?eiyei e e?anoueyineia aeaeaeaiea. Anee
a ai?aea 1917 aiaea a oacaea iaaethaeaeenue eeoue aaeeie/iua o?aaiaaiey
e?anoueyineeo nia?aiee i iaiaaeeaiiii ?aoaiee aii?ina i iiiaue/ueae
caiea, oi oaia?ue iie noaee aieaa ianniauie. Ai iiiaeo aieinoyo, ia
aeiaeeaeaynue ?aoaiey A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa, e?anoueyia naie noaee
eiioeneiauaaoue iiiaue/uee caiee. A Eioaeueneie aieinoe 20 ieoya?y 1917
aiaea nia?aiea e?anoueyi i?eiyei aieueoaaenoneoth ?aciethoeeth,
niaea?aeauoth o?aaiaaiey ia?aaea/e anae aeanoe Niaaoai, caeeth/aiey
iaiaaeeaiiiai ia?aie?ey ia o?iioa, io/oaeaeaiey iiiaue/ueeo caiaeue n
ia?aaea/ae eo a aaaeaiea caiaeueiuo e?anoueyineeo eiieoaoia. Ca
ia?aaea/o anae iieiiou aeanoe a ?oee Niaaoia auneacaeny e ssiao?aneee
Niaao ?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia. N ?aciethoeeae oaeiai ?iaea ii
eiiaiaee?iaae a Iao?ia?aae aeaiooaoia Iao?iaa e Eooeia.

A ii/ue n 23 ia 24 ieoya?y i?aaenaaeaoaeue A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa
Ea?aineee aeae oeacaiea ia/aeueieeo ooaaa noaaee aaia?aeo Aeooiieio
aeaeiooue ia Iao?ia?aae aienea, /oiau iiaeaaeoue ?aaiethoeeth. A ioaao
ia yoi OeE ?NAe?I(a) e Iaoa?ao?aneee eiieoao iaiaoeee ia?u,
iaania/eaathuea ia?aoiae anao nee ?aaiethoeee a ianooieaiea. Iaeiie ec
oaeeo ia? aue i?eeac Iao?ia?aaeneiai Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiiai eiieoaoa
aieineei /anoyi Iao?ia?aaea e aai i?eai?iaeia i i?eaaaeaiee E?aniie
aaa?aeee, aieineeo /anoae e ei?aaeae oeioa a aiaaoth aioiaiinoue.
Aa?ieciiai, io?aiyaoei iiaenooiu e Iao?ia?aaeo, auei i?aaeienaii
caaea?aeeaaoue e ia aeiioneaoue e ai?iaeo yoaeiiu aiene, aucaaiiuo
A?aiaiiui i?aaeoaeuenoaii n o?iioa.

A yoe aeie a ssiao?a ii oeacaieth OeE i?eaue /eai Iao?ia?aaeneiai A?E
A.E. Iaaneee. A ai?iaea auei nia?aii yeno?aiiia ia?oeeiia nia?aiea.
O?aeoeee aieueoaaeeia ssiao?aneiai Niaaoa, aeaeaciiaei?iaeieeai ai?iaea
Iaaneee aeae aee?aeoeaa – ii iai?aaeaieth e Iao?ia?aaeo aienea ia
i?iioneaoue.

25 ieoya?y ii oeacaieth Iaaneiai Niaao aucaae ii iaeiiio i?aaenoaaeoaeth
io eaaeaeie ?iou e ii iaeiiio ioeoea?o io iieea (e?iia 125-ai caianiiai
iaoioiiai iieea, n 18 naioya?y a ssiao?aa aue ?aneaa?oe?iaai aua 427-e
Ioaeiaeneee iiee) aeey ?aoaiey aii?ina i oi?ie?iaaieee
Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiiai eiieoaoa.

26 ieoya?y a ssiao?aa noaei ecaanoii, /oi a Iao?ia?aaea i?iecioea
i?ieaoa?neay ?aaiethoeey e /oi Aoi?ie Ana?inneeneee nuacae Niaaoia
i?iaicaeanee Niaaoneoth aeanoue. O?oaeyueany ai?iaea e nieaeaou
aa?ieciia ia ieoeiaa ai?y/i iaeia?eee naa?aeaiea A?aiaiiiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa. ssiao?aneee Niaao ?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia
iinoaiiaee acyoue aeanoue a naie ?oee. I?aaenaaeaoaeai eniieeiia Niaaoa
noae aieueoaaee Aoieaeiai. Aeey iiaeeecaoeee anao nee oacaea ia
?aaiethoeeiiiua i?aia?aciaaiey a oio aea aeaiue aue nicaeai
Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiue eiieoao ai aeaaa n I.E. AEoeiaui. Ii aea noae
ia/aeueieeii aa?ieciia e eiiaiaeaioii ai?iaea. A?E iacia/ee eiienna?ia
ia ii/oo e oaeaa?ao (o. Oiianiaa), ia aeaeacioth aei?iao (o. I?eiaa).
Eiienna?ii oacaea aianoi noaaeaiieea A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa yna?a
Auno?iaa aue iacia/ai o/eoaeue Aeaenaaa.

Caoai ooaa A?E (Eooei, Eicu?aa, Nea/eianeee, Iaaae Eiceia e ae?.) iineae
naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a oacae aeey eiioeneaoeee iiiaue/ueeo caiaeue e
ecuyoey i?oaeey o eiio??aaiethoeeiiiuo yeaiaioia, ?anionoee ao?aeoacioth
e nicaeae ?aai/oth ieeeoeeth, iacia/ea aa ia/aeueieeii nae?aoa?y A?E o.
Aieyiaea.

11 iiya?y 1917 aiaea ssiao?aneee Niaao ianoaeee aeae?aou Aoi?iai
Ana?inneeneiai nuacaea Niaaoia e oaea ioeoeeaeueii cae?aiee aeanoue a
naieo ?oeao. A ?aciethoeee Niaaoa, iioaeeeiaaiiie a aacaoa “Ecaanoey” io
15 iiya?y 1917 aiaea, aiai?eeinue: “Noiy ia ieaooi?ia “Any aeanoue
Niaaoai, eae a oeaio?a, oae e ia ianoao”, ssiao?aneee Niaao cae?aieyao
naia iaiouaieaiia i?aai i?aaiecaoeee eiio?iey e iauaai ?oeiaiaenoaa, eae
ianoiuie i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuie i?aaiaie, oae e oicyenoaaiiuie”.

Oiaaea aea a iiya?a ec Iao?ia?aaea i?eaoae aieueoaaee I.E. Iaoiiia –
i?aaenaaeaoaeue Iao?ia?aaeneiai aoaeniieeiia, o?iaeaiaoe ssiao?aneiai
oacaea. Ii i?eaac naaaeoth eeoa?aoo?o, ?anneacae i iieiaeaiee a
Iao?ia?aaea e caaea/ao aieueoaaeeia ssiao?aa. N a?oiiie ?aaioieeia
ai?iaea auaoae a oacae aeey nicaeaiey i?aaiia Niaaoneie aeanoe ia
ianoao. Anei?a aeanoue ai anai oacaea ia?aoea e ?aaeiiai. E?anoueyia
caae?aee eiouanoai iiiaueeia, aeaeeee caieth.

14 iiya?y 1917 aiaea Ia?aneay oi?aaa (iieuecoynue i?aaii iaoeee ia
naiiii?aaeaeaiea) iineaea a NIE, ia eiy A.E. Eaieia, aeieeaaeioth
caieneo i auaeaeaiee ai?iaea Ia?au a naiinoiyoaeueioth
aaeieieno?aoeaioth aaeeieoeo.

16 iiya?y ec NIE i?eoae ioaao:

«Niaao Ia?iaeiuo Eiienna?ia ?inneeneie ?anioaeeee iciaeiieaoenue n
aeieeaaeiie caieneie Ia?aneie ai?iaeneie oi?aau io 14 naai iiya?y ca
?1621 e ee/iui aeieeaaeii ia?aneiai ai?iaeneiai aieiau A.Y. Aeaoiaia,
au?aaeaao naia i?eioeeieaeueiia niaeanea ia oiaeaoaenoai, eceiaeaiiia a
aeieeaaeiie caienea, o.a. ia

1) auaeaeaiea ai?iaea Ia?au ec ssiao?aneiai cainoaa,

2) i?eniaaeeiaiea e ai?iaeneie oa??eoi?ee anao i?eeaaathueo e ai?iaeo
ianaeaiiuo ianoiinoae e iaiooaeoo?,

3) ia?aciaaiea Ia?aneiai oacaea e

4) i?e/eneaiea iauaaeeiaiiiai ai?iaea e Ia?aneiai oacaea e Ynoeyiaeneie
aoaa?iee, a oii neo/aa, anee oeacaiiua aeaenoaey ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey
aoaeoo i?iecaaaeaiu n iieiiai niaeaney anao aeaiie?aoe/aneeo yeaiaioia,
eie cao?iioouo.

Niaeanea ia iauaaeeiaiea aeaiie?aoe/aneiai ianaeaiey e niaa?oaiiua
ia?ii?eyoey aeieaeiu auoue aeiaaaeaiu aei naaaeaiey NIE».

A yiaa?a 1918 aiaea i?iecioei iauaaeeiaiea Niaaoa ?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo
aeaiooaoia n Niaaoii e?anoueyineeo aeaiooaoia. Eca?ai iauaaeeiaiiue
oacaeiue eniieeii ssiao?aneiai Niaaoa (I. Aoieaeiai, I.Eocueiei e ae?.).
Oaeaea a oacae i?eauea a?oiia aaeoaoi?ia ec Iao?ia?aaea, ec /enea oao
ia?aae eai aunooiae 27 yiaa?y A.E. Eaiei.

18 oaa?aey 1918 aiaea Aa?iaineia eiiaiaeiaaiea (ec-ca i?aaeaoaeuenoaa
O?ioeeiai, ni?aaaoaai ie?iua ia?aaiai?u n Aa?iaieae) ia/aei ianooieaiea
ia Niaaoneoth ?anioaeeeo.

21 oaa?aey Niaia?eii ia?aoeeny ei anai o?oaeyueiny n iaienaiiui A.E.
Eaieiui aeae?aoii-aiccaaieai “Nioeeaeenoe/aneia Ioa/anoai a iianiinoe”,
a eioi?ii i?ecuaae ?aai/eo e e?anoueyi e aaccaaaoiie caueoa Niaaoneie
?anioaeeee. E?ao/aeoee iooue ia Iao?ia?aae i?ioiaeee /a?ac
Ia?ao-ssiao?a. Nthaea iaiaoeeia eiiaiaeiaaiea a?ineei aieueoea neeu.
Caeanue, ia iiaenooiao e Ia?aa, ?acaa?ioeinue n?aaeaiea ?aai/eo e
iao?inneeo io?yaeia, e?aniia?iaeoeaa, e?aniuo ia?oecai n ?aaoey?iuie
/anoyie a?aaa.

I?e ssiao?aneii oacaeiii Niaaoa ia?aciaai A?E, a a Ia?aa – Eiieoao
iai?iiu. ?oeiaiaeeoaeai iauae iai?iiu Ia?aneiai ?aeiia iacia/ai Ae.I.
Ia?neee. A yoio ?aeii iai?aaeaiu I.A. Aeuaaiei, E.A. Iaoa?nii e ae?.

A ssiao?aa noi?ie?iaaiu 2 e?aniiaaa?aeaeneeo io?yaea. A io?yae iiae
?oeiaiaenoaii Aueiaa aioee nieaeaou 427-ai Ioaeiaeneiai, 125-ai
caianiiai e 177-ai Ecai?neiai iieeia. Ai aeaaa ae?oaiai io?yaea anoae
Ieoeia. Yoei io?yaeai ii?o/aia caueoa iiaenooiia e ssiao?ao.

Aiae?onia, AEoeia, Eeanna? e Eioa aianoa n aiaiiuie aci?aaee
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue iino( a oi a?aiy – aaeeinoaaiiue iino /a?ac ?aeo
Eoao), n oeaeueth i?aaeioa?auaiey i?i?uaa aa?iaineeo a?iiaiiacaeia e
Iao?ia?aaeo.

23 oaa?aey 1918 aiaea iaioeu iieo/eee ?aoeoaeueiue ioii? iiae Ineiaii, n
yoiai aea aeiy ?acaa?ioeenue iaeanoi/aiiua aie o noaioeee ?aeaa?a a
Ynoiiee. Ia iiiiuue e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeai i?eauee iiaee?aieaiey ec
Iao?ia?aaea.

1 ia?oa 1918 aiaea ?acai?aeenue aie o noaioeee Naiia. E?aniiaaa?aeaeoeu,
eciaouaay e eno?aaeyy i?ioeaieea, ioioee e noaioeee Aaeaa?a a 25 ei io
Ia?au, a 3 ia?oa auoee e Ia?aa.

3 ia?oa iiaeienai ie?iue aeiaiai? n Aa?iaieae. A ii/ue ia 4 ia?oa
io?yaeu E?aniie aaa?aeee inoaaeee Ia?ao e ioioee a ssiao?a; a Ia?aa
inoaeny oieueei io?yae A.A. Iaena. A 8 /ania oo?a 4 ia?oa io?yae ii
aea?aayiiiio iinoo ia?aoae a Eaaiai?iae e caiye iiceoeeth ia ai?a, ieiei
iiaea?iiai aeaii. *a?ac ianeieueei ieioo iieacaeenue 13 iaiaoeeeo
aaeineiaaeenoia ?acaaae/eeia. A eaaiai?iaea yoio io?yae ?acaaae/eeia aue
?acaeo. Ieiei 9 /ania oo?a o iinoa iiyaeeenue iaoioiua /anoe i?ioeaieea.

Io?yae Iaena ioe?ue ii iei ioeaiaoiue e ?oaeaeiue iaiiue e ia/ae
iooiaeeoue ia ssiao?a.

Caiya Ia?ao e Eaaiai?iae, iaioeu i?ae?aoeee ianooieaiea. Ie?iue aeiaiai?
anooiee a neeo.

Ec ionooieaoeo a ssiao?a io?yaeia E?aniie aaa?aeee a ia?oa – ai?aea 1918
aiaea auee noi?ie?iaaiu TH?ueaanei – ssiao?aneee, Ia?aneee, Oa?ooneee
iieee, iiee e?aniuo aona?ia, niaaoneay ?ioa e a?iiaiiacae; iie ioaaaeii
n?aaeaeenue, caueuay iieiaeoth Niaaoneoth ?anioaeeeo.

A eiioea ia?oa 1918 aiaea a ssiao?aa ninoiyeny Ia?aue oacaeiue nuacae
Niaaoia ?aai/eo, e?anoueyineeo e nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia. A ?aaioa
nuacaea i?eiyee o/anoea i?aaenoaaeoaee o?oaeyueony Ia?au e TH?ueaaa –
caiyouo iaioeaie. Nuacae eca?ae oacaeiue eniieeii, e eioi?iio e ia?aoea
any aeanoue. Ai?iaeneay oi?aaa e oacaeiia cainoai-eeeaeaee?iaaiu, ana eo
ooieoeee ia?aoee e oacaeiiio eniieeiio.

Ia iniiaa «Aeae?aoa i caiea» iiaeeaaeaee eiioeneaoeee a oacaea 85
iiiaue/ueeo eiaiee.

N ai?aey ii 1 iay a E?anioth a?ieth caienaeinue a ssiao?aa 160 /aeiaae,
a a oacaea nicaeaiu 6 io?yaeia iauae /eneaiiinoueth ieiei 1500 /aeiaae.
Aeey io?aiu ?aaiethoeeiiiiai ii?yaeea a oacaea nicaeaiu
nioeeaeenoe/aneea ae?oaeeiu. Oae 10 iay 1918 aiaea i?aceaeeoi
ssiao?aneiai oacaeiiai eniieeiia iinoaiiaee nicaeaoue oaeoth ae?oaeeio a
ninoaaa 50 /aeiaae, a 16 iay ssiao?aneee oacaeiue eniieeii ooaa?aeee
eino?oeoeeth nioeeaeenoe/aneie ae?oaeeiu. Ii yoie eino?oeoeee a ninoaa
ae?oaeeiu i?eieiaee /eaiia ia?oee aieueoaaeeia e aania?oeeiuo. Iie
aeieaeiu auoue a?aiioiuie e caieiaoueny io i?eiyoey ia? ii i?ae?auaieth
ia?ooaiee caeiia aei i?aaeaiey noaeo ca aeieaeiinoiua i?anooieaiey.

10 ethiy 1918 aiaea ssiao?neee oacaeiue eniieeii oi?acaeiee noa?ua
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiua eiieoaou e nicaeae i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiue ioaeae ai
aeaaa n eiienna?ii. Aue i?aaieciaai no?iaee o/ao anao eiaaoeony a oacaea
i?iaeoeoia e eo ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea n?aaee ianaeaiey; cai?auai auaic
i?iaeiaieuenoaey ec oacaea aac iniaiai ?ac?aoaiey Eniieeiia; ii anai
aieinoyi ia/aeanue i?aaiecaoeey i?iaeio?yaeia, eioi?ua ioi?aaeyeenue ca
oeaaii e a ae?oaea ?aeiiu no?aiu.

11 ethiy 1918 aiaea auoae aeae?ao Niaaoneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia
i?aaiecaoeee eiieoaoia aaaeiiou. A ethea e a aaaonoa – ii anaio oacaeo
ia/aeinue nicaeaiea eiiaaaeia, eioi?ua ieacuaaee Niaaoai aieueooth
iiiiuue ia oieueei a iaeaaeeaaiee oicyenoaa, ii e a ai?ueaa n
eoea/anoaii. A n aiciaiiaeaieai aiaiiuo aeaenoaee a oacaea o/anoaiaaee a
i?aaiecaoeee iieeia aea?aaaineie aaaeiiou.

2 ethey 1918 aiaea ia canaaeaiee ssiao?aneiai eiieoaoa ?EI(a) aue
?anniio?ai aii?in i iaiaoiaeeiinoe aii?oaeaiey anao eiiioienoia. *eaiu
eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee aeieaeiu auoue aioiau a ethaoth ieiooo n
i?oaeeai a ?oeao caueuaoue caaiaaaiey i?ieaoa?neie ?aaiethoeee.

28-29 ethey 1918 aiaea i?ioae ssiao?aneee oacaeiue nuacae Niaaoia.
O/anoaiaaei 117 aeaeaaaoia (62 eiiioienoa, 10 ni/oanoaothueo e oieueei 6
yna?ia e 1 ni/oanoaothuee ei. Nuacae iaeia?ee aeayoaeueiinoue Iyoiai
nuacaea Niaaoia e i?eiyooth ei Eiinoeoooeeth ?NON?, inoaeee
eaai-yna?ianeee iyoaae, i?ecaae i?aaieciaaoue aea?aaaineoth aaaeiioo e
iaiaoee ?yae ia? ii oii?yaei/aieth i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiiai iieiaeaiey a
oacaea.

15-16 aaaonoa 1918 aiaea eoeaee, aeooiaainoai, iiiaueee e auaoea
ioeoea?u i?aaieciaaee iyoaaee a Eeueaoneie, A?oaeneie e Iieineiaeoeeie
aieinoyo. Iyoaaeieee aii?oaeeeenue aeaaea 2-3 i?oaeeyie e ioeaiaoii,
inoaaoeaony a aea?aaiyo i?e ionooieaiee noa?ie a?iee Naaa?iiai o?iioa.
Oeaio?ii ainnoaiey auea Eeueaoneay aieinoue. I?iaieaoi?u ?anionoeee
neoo, /oi e?aniia?iaeoeu ioae?atho o ianaeaiey oeaa e eioaaeae, oaeaatho
aeaiuei e aeaoae, aeaoo aea?aaie. I?ioea iyoaaeieeia aunooiee io?yae a
eiee/anoaa 200 /aeiaae. ?oeiaiaeeoaee iyoaaea caoaa/aiu e ioi?aaeaiu a
ssiao?a.

3 ieoya?y 1918 aiaea ssiao?aneee eiieoao ?EI(a) iinoaiiaee aieueoa
oaeaeyoue aieiaiea ia?o?aaioa a oacaea. Ia eaaeaeiai /eaia eiieoaoa
i?eoiaeeeanue iaeia aieinoue, eioi?oth ii aeieaeai aue iinauaoue ia
?aaea iaeiiai ?aca a iaaeaeth, niae?aoue oai noiaeeo, ?acuyniyoue niune
iniiaiuo ia?ii?eyoee Niaaoneie aeanoe, nicaeaaaoue ia?oeeiua y/aeee e
io/eouaaoueny i naiae ?aaioa ia canaaeaieyo eiieoaoa. A na?aaeeia
ieoya?y 1918 aiaea a oacaea 760 /eaiia ia?oee, ii ssiao?aneee oacaeiue
eiieoao aua ia aue i?aaieciaai. E ieoya?th aieueoaaenoneea i?aaiecaoeee
eiaeenue a Ai?neie, Iieineiaeoeeie, Ia?ianeie e ssno?aeineie aieinoyo, a
e eiioeo aiaea – e a inoaeueiuo aieinoyo. 23 ieoya?y 1918 aiaea
Iao?ia?aaeneee aoaeii ia?oee iinoaiiaee «aiaieoue a iaycaiiinoue
o?aeoeeyi aieueoaaeeia i?e oacaeiuo Niaaoao nicaeaoue oaeiaua eiieoaou».
Anei?a aue ia?aciaai ssiao?aneee oeii ?EI(a).

N 15 ieoya?y ii 15 iiya?y 1918 aiaea a oacaea ?ani?ino?aiaii e?iia
oeaio?aeueiuo aacao 120 ouny/ yecaiiey?ia aacaou «Aea?aaaineay
aaaeiioa», 15 ouny/ yecaiiey?ia «E?aniie aacaou» e 25 ouny/ yecaiiey?ia
?acee/iuo iieeoe/aneeo a?ioth?, a n yiaa?y 1919 aiaea noaea ecaeaaaoueny
aacaoa «Ecaanoey ssiao?aneiai Niaaoa ?aai/eo, e?anoueyineeo e
e?aniia?iaeneeo aeaiooaoia».

A iiya?a 1918 aiaea E?aniay A?iey ia?aoea a ianooieaiea n oeaeueth
inaiaiaeaeaiey niaaoneie oa??eoi?ee, ieeoie?iaaiiie iaiaoeeeie
caoaao/eeaie. 28 iiya?y inaiaiaeaeaia Ia?aa. A aiyo iiae Ia?aie
o/anoaiaaee iiiaea eiiioienou ec ssiao?aneie oacaeiie e aieinoiuo
i?aaiecaoeee. A inaiaiaeaeaiioth Ia?ao ioeiiaiaee?iaaia a?oiia
ioaaonoaaiiuo ?aaioieeia ec ssiao?aa. A yiaa?a 1919 aiaea Ia?aa
caoaa/aia oeineeie e aaeiynoiineeie aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaie. Aiiaue aicieeea
oa?ica ssiao?aneiio oacaeo. Ii anai oacaeai i?iaaaeaia iiaeeecaoeey
eiiioienoia e aiaiiuo niaoeeaeenoia. Aeanoue a aieinoyo ia?aaeaia
o?ieeai a ninoaaa i?aaenaaeaoaey aieeniieeiia, aiaiiiai eiienna?a e
/eaia ath?i eieeaeoeaa eiiioienoia. Ii aei aaniu aiaauo aeaenoaee ia
oa??eoi?ee oacaea ia auei.

N aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea ii ia?o 1919 aiaea a oacaea ca?aaeno?e?iaaii 8
eiiioi e a?oaeae ii niaianoiie ia?aaioea caiee (ai A?oaeneie aieinoe:
eiiioia a auaoai eiaiee Ooo?iaioa – 38 /aeiaae; a Ai?neie aieinoe:
eiiioia «AEai/oaeeia» a Iaaeiaa – 25 /aeiaae e eiiioia «Ca?ii» – 27
/aeiaae; a Ia?ianeie aieinoe: naeueneioicyenoaaiiay o?oaeiaay eiiioia
(NOOE) «Eiein – I» a aea?aaia Oaaei?iaea – 44 /aeiaaea e NOOE «Eoiai» a
aea?aaia Iaeeiiaea – 37 /aeiaae; a Iieineiaeoeeie aieinoe: eiiioia
«Eoae?eii» – 37 /aeiaae; a Eeueaoneie aieinoe: eiiioia «Io?iiaoe» – 74
/aeiaaea; a ?aaeeeineie aieinoe: a?oaeue «?aaeeeii» – 57 ?aai/eo. A
ia/aea 1919 aiaea ai anao aieinoyo ?acaa?ioeinue eoeueoo?iia
no?ieoaeuenoai, nicaeaaaeenue oeieu, e?aniua oaieee, ecau-/eoaeueie. A
oacaea ioe?uou 3 ia?iaeiuo aeiia, aeaeeioaea – /eoaeueiy, eo?nu ii
ia?iaeiiio ia?aciaaieth. Aieiniai – Eeea?eineee Niaao i?aaieciaae oeieo
aea?aaaineie iieiaeaaee.

A ia?oa 1919 aiaea ssiao?aneee oacaeiue eiieoao ?E?I(a) e
eiiioienoe/aneay o?aeoeey oacaeiiai Niaaoa ianoaeeee aii?in i nicaeaiee
Eiiioienoe/aneiai Nithca Iieiaeaaee. Ia yoii canaaeaiee auei ?aoaii
nicaeaoue oacaeiue Nithc, iieiaeaaeiue eeoa, eoeueoo?ii –
i?inaaoeoaeueneoth naeoeeth. I?aaiecaoeeiiiia ath?i ssiao?aneiai Nithca
iieiaeaaee a ninoaaa I. Eeaca?a, I. Ai?iaeaoeeiai e sseiaeaaa 24 ia?oa
1919 aiaea ia naiai nia?aiee iinoaiiaeei: i?iaanoe a ai?aea
eiioea?o-ieoeia ii neo/ath nicaeaiey i?aaiecaoeee. caienue iiauo /eaiia
nithca ii?o/aii aanoe ath?i.

I. Eeaca? aue iineai a Iao?ia?aae aeey onoaiiaeaiey nayce n aoaa?ineei
eiieoaoii eiiniiiea. *eaiai ath?i oaeaeinue i?iaanoe ieoeia a 1-ie
ssiao?aneie o?oaeiaie oeiea (auaoaa eiiia?/aneia o/eeeua), aaea
iieiaeaaeue aaea naay iaeeaeaiii, auei caienaii a /eaiu Nithca 48
/aeiaae.

6 ai?aey a ia?iaeiii oaao?a nooaeee ei. Eoia/a?neiai (a niaaoneia a?aiy
Aeii ieiia?ia) nia?aeanue iieiaeaaeue ssiao?aa. A ssiao?a i?eaoae
i?aaenaaeaoaeue Iao?ia?aaeneiai Nithca Eiiioienoe/aneie Iieiaeaaee
Iao?iiaaeianeee. Naia aunooieaiea ii ia/ae n ecaanoey i oii, /oi i?e
iiiuoee eiio??aaiethoeee aci?aaoue a Iao?ia?aaea aiaeiiaii?ioth aaoith
iiaeaee ?aai/ea, e i?inee ii/oeoue eo iaiyoue anoaaaieai. Caoai ia?aoae
e ?acaiai?o i aeaeao Nithca, eioi?ue a o?oaeiuo oneiaeyo ai?ueau
i?iaeaaao aei?iao e iieiaeaaee. Caoai n ?a/ueth aunooiee i?aaenaaeaoaeue
oacaeiiai eniieeiia Eeaeiooaei:”Caaea/a Nithca,-neacae ii, – iiaeaioiaea
iieiaeaaee e iauanoaaiiie e iieeoe/aneie aeecie.”

Oaiei ano?a/aiiue i?enoonoaothueie, aunooiee i?ieaoa?neee iiyo Naiai
Ieeeoei, i?eaoaaoee ec Iao?ia?aaea aianoa n a?oiiie a?oenoia. Caoai
ninoiyeny eiioea?o, a eioi?ii i?eiyea o/anoea ooaeiaeanoaaiiay
naiiaeayoaeueiinoue ai?iaea e a?oenou Iao?ia?aaea.

Aei i?eoiaea aaeuo eiiniiieueneay i?aaiecaoeey ssiao?aa ian/eouaaea aei
160 /aeiaae.

A iaa 1919 a. THaeaie/ ia/ae ia?aia ianooieaiea ia Iao?ia?aae. Iiiiuue
aaeui ieacuaaea aiaeeeneay yneaae?a a ninoaaa 12 eaaeeo e?aena?ia, 20
yneaae?aiiuo ieiiiinoeaa, 12 iiaeeiaeie e ae?. noaeia. Aeaaiue oaea?
iaiinee Naaa?iue ei?ion aaia?aea ?iaecyiei ai acaeiiaeaenoaee n 1-ie
aaeiynoiineie aeeaeceae a iai?aaeaiee ssiao?a-E?aniia Naei. Ei?ion
ian/eouaae 4700 ooueia, 1100 naaaeue, 11 i?oaeee i?ioea o?ao ouny/ ieioi
iao/aiiuo aieoeia 7-ie a?iee, iaoiaeeaoeony ia Ia?aneii o/anoea.

13 iay, eniieuecoy oaeoi? aiacaiiinoe e i?aeiouanoaa a eaaaea?ee,
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu i?i?aaee o?iio 7-ie a?iee ia nouea 19-e e 6-ie aeeaecee
e oi?ne?iaaee ?aeo Iethnno.

A ii/ue ia 13 iay ai a?aiy ii/iiai aiacaiiiai iaeaoa ia aea?aaith
Iiieiaa Ai?a io?yae aaeuo (ia?aiaeaouo a oi?io e?aniia?iaeoeaa),
caoaaoee ooaa 3-ae a?eaaaeu e eiia?eaa Ieeieaaaa. A.I. Ieeieaaa – auaoee
aaia?ae ?onneie a?iee, i?ae?aniue aiaiiue niaoeeaeeno, iinooieaoee ia
neoaeao a E?anioth A?ieth a ia?aua aeie aa oi?ie?iaaiey, ii iiiai
naeaeae aeey i?aaiecaoeee iai?iiu Iao?ia?aaea. Aaia?ae ?iaecyiei
iio?aaiaae aeinoaaeoue aai a naith ooaa – eaa?oe?o a ssiao?a. I?aaeeaaae
Ieeieaaao “i?eciaoue naie ioeaee”, ca /oi iaauae uaae?i iaa?aaeeoue.
Aeaenaiae? Iaioiie?iae/ ioeacaeny. 28 iay ecaeoiai e?aniiai aaia?aea
i?eaaee ia aaca?ioth ieiuaaeue ssiao?aa. ?iaecyiei aua ?ac i?aaeeiaeee
aio ?aneayoueny, iaauae aio iiieeiaaiea. Ieeieaaa inoaeny oaa?ae e nai
iaeeioe naaa iaoeth ia oath. Aai iineaaeieie neiaaie auee: “Au ioieiaaoa
o iaiy aeeciue, ii ia ioieieoa aa?u a a?yaeouaa n/anouea ethaeae.”
Ieeieaaa aue iiaaoai, a /a?ac ianeieueei aeiae aai o?oi a?ineee a yio.

Iinea inaiaiaeaeaiey ssiao?aa oaei Ieeieaaaa auei ia?aaacaii a
Iao?ia?aae, a?ia onoaiiaeee a caeaiee ie?oaeiiai aiaiiiai eiienna?eaoa
ia Aeai?oeiaie ieiuaaee, a caea, oa?aiiii e?aniie e /a?iie iaoa?eae e
oeaaoaie. Ia iiiaeo aaieao aeaeiaeanue iaaeienue: «Ae?oao ia?iaea».
Aia/aea auei ?aoaii iioi?iieoue Ieeieaaaa ia Ia?niaii iiea, ?yaeii n
Aieiaea?neei, O?eoeeei e ae?oaeie ai?oeaie ca ?aaiethoeeth, ii caoai ii
aeaeaieth aaeiau, iioi?iieee a Aeaenaiae?i – Iaaneie eaa?a.

5 ieoya?y 1919 aiaea o?oaeyueany Iao?ia?aaea i?iaiaeeee ia?iaeiiai aa?iy
a iineaaeiee iooue. A oi?aeanoaaiiii o?ao?iii oanoaee i?eiyee o/anoea
ia?oeeiua, i?ionithciua e ae?oaea i?aaiecaoeee, a iiiaio iioi?ii n
aanoeiiia Iao?iiaaeianeie e?aiinoe i?icao/ae i?oaeeeiue naetho.

«Iao?ia?aaeneay i?aaaea» 5 ieoya?y 1919 aiaea a ia?aaeiaeoea «Neaaa
aa?ith», ienaea:

«Naaiaeiy ?aai/ea, ?aaioieoeu, e?aniia?iaeoeu e iao?inu a. Iao?ia?aaea
oi?iiyo auaoaai aaia?aea-iaei?a oea?neie a?iee Ieeieaaaa. ssaeaiea
iaiau/aeiia a enoi?ee ?aai/aa – e?anoueyineie ?aaiethoeee. ?aai/ea
i?eaueee ne?aueaaoue oiaae n oea?neeie aaia?aeaie, ?aai/ei i?eoiaeeeinue
aanoe n ieie ia ia aeeciue, a ia nia?oue.

Ii/aio o?oaeyueany E?aniiai Iao?ia?aaea, ia?aaeiaiai ai?iaea
?aaiethoeee, oi?iiyo naaiaeiy aaia?aea-iaei?a Ieeieaaaa. Iioiio /oi a
iai iie aeaeyo naiaai oiaa?eua ii ai?ueaa, i?ioea a?aaia ?aaiethoeee,
iioiio /oi Ieeieaaa oia? ca aeaei ?aai/eo e e?anoueyi».

25 yiaa?y 1922 aiaea Niaaoneia i?aaeoaeuenoai iinia?oii iaa?aaeeei
aaia?aea Ieeieaaaa i?aeaiii E?aniiai Ciaiaie.

A oa aea iaeneea aeie 1919-ai iiaea e ia?aue i?aaenaaeaoaeue
ssiao?aneiai A?E, i?aaiecaoi? ssiao?aneiai eiieoaoa ?EI(a) I.E. AEoeia,
ioicaaiiue a eiioea 1918 a. a Iao?ia?aae aeey ?aaiou a i?aaiao
ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiio?iey. Ai a?aiy iiacaeee ia o?iio Ieeieae
Eiinoaioeiiae/, ia ciaaoee oi/iiai ?aniieiaeaiey /anoae, a ?aeiia
noaioeee A?oaea iiiae a ?oee aaeuo, aue iiiciai ioeoea?aie, ?aiaa
neoaeeaoeie a ssiao?aa, e aeinoaaeai a Aieiniai, aaea aue e ?anno?aeyi.

15 iay a Eoaeneoth aoao aioee aiaeeeneea noaea n io?yaeaie
aeia?iaieueoeaa-eiaa?iaieaiaeoeaa. Iiae i?ee?uoeai a?oiaiy
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu ia/aee aunaaeeo o aea?aaie E?aeieuea e Eineieiai. Acyoa
aea?aaiy Eoaeeoea. Ia neaaeothuee aeaiue io?yae ec 350 aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa
caiye ?aeii Ianee-Eoaeeoeu-Eineieiai e ia/ae ianooieaiea a iai?aaeaiee
Ia?aneiai oinna e Aaeoeeneie aeaeaciie aei?iae.

16 iay o aea?aaie Io?aaaeii (yoi aea?aaiy iaoiaeeeanue ia eaaii aa?aao
Eoae a 4 ei io Eaaiianeiai, ?ac?ooaia a aiaeu Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie e
nae/an ia nouanoaoao) aaeua aieueoeie neeaie ia?ai?aaeeenue ia i?aaue
aa?aa ?aee. N iei anooieee a aie 171-e no?aeeiaue iiee e?aniuo e
aeeaeceiiiay oeiea. Iaeiaei neeu auee ia?aaiu.

Ianooiaoaeueiua aeaenoaey aaeuo ia ssiao?aneii o/anoea o?iioa aa?ie/anee
io?aaeaee /anoe 6-ie aeeaecee 7-ie a?iee (ia/aeea Nieiaeooei, aiaieii
Aaeeaiia). Ia naiii i?aaii oeaiaa yoiai o/anoea, i?eiueaaoaai e Oeineiio
caeeao, aeaenoaiaaee 50-e no?aeeiaue iiee (eiiaiaee? iieea Ieeoeei,
aiaieii Ia?oei) e 49-e no?aeeiaue iiee (eiiiieea Oi?o, aiaieii Nie?iia).
E?iia yoiai, ii naiiio iiaa?aaeueth Oeineiai caeeaa naiiioaa?aeaiii
n?aaeaeenue io?yaeu e?aniuo ii?yeia Aaeoeeneiai oeioa e eo?naioia
aiaiii-ii?neeo o/eeeu Iao?ia?aaea.

ss?eei i?eia?ii aa?iecia e naiiiiaea?oaiaaiey ii?yeia yaeyaony aie iiae
aea?aaiae O?iecii.

Nthaea aaeua noyioee aeiaieueii cia/eoaeueiua neeu Eiaa?iaieaiaeneiai
iieea. Io?yae e?aniuo ii?yeia, n?aaee eioi?uo cia/eoaeueioth /anoue
ninoaaeyee eo?naiou Iao?ia?aaeneiai aiaiii-ii?neiai eiiaiaeiiai o/eeeua
(a niaaoneia a?aiy o/eeeua eiaie I.A. O?oica), oi?ne?iaaa ?aeo Nenoo,
i?ieaey ai? e aieioi, auoae ia iiein e iiea. N aeioiaeaie iaia?aaan
a?ineeenue ii?yee ia a?aaa.

ss?inoii oeanoae aeioiai/ii-ioeaiaoiue iaiiue, aeea o?aiiaeueth
a?oeeea?ey aaeuo. Iiaeiaeaeaiiay a?oeeea?eeneei iaiai, ai?aea aea?aaiy
Iiai-Onouea, a ii?yee n e?eeii «o?a» ana oee e oee aia?aae. Aea?aaiy
O?iecii auea acyoa. Aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu ia iiaee auaea?aeaoue iaoenea
ii?yeia e a iaieea aaaeaee, inoaaea caeanue aeaaea naie iooee.

O?e aeiy (n 13 ii 15 iay) 6-y aeeaecey ?EEA oaea?aeeaaea eeieth o?iioa
iiae Ia?aie, ii aeey /anoae 6-ie aeeaecee, aicieeea oa?ica ie?oaeaiey.
16 iay iie iieo/eee i?eeac inoaaeoue ssiao?a. Iooiae e?aniia?iaeneeo
/anoae, aeaeioaoeony ii eaniie Eiii?neie aei?iaa ia aea?aaith Eeeee,
i?ee?uaae yiao?aneee ia?oecaineee io?yae N.A. Aoieaeiaia, ninoiyuee ec
eiiioienoia e niaaoneiai aeoeaa, a ia o/anoea aeaeaciie aei?iae iaaeaeo
Oeeiienueth e Aaeia?iii-a?iiaiiacae ?6 ei. Eaieia. 17 iay ssiao?a aue
inoaaeai.

Eiienna? 12-ai no?aeeiaiai iieea (aiineaaenoaee eiienna? 6-ie aeeaecee)
N.A. Nie?iia aniiieiae, /oi ia?aae auoiaeii e aea?aaia Eeeee yiao?aneee
io?yae, io?aiyaoee oue ionooiaaoeo, auoae aia?aae, /oiau aicaeaaeoue
i?aaoth a?oiio i?i?uaa, eaeouoth ia aea?aaith Iaeee.

“Auneaiiay a aea?aaith Eeeee ?acaaaeea,-ieoao N.A. Nie?iia a eieaa
“Au?inee iu a ieaiaie”.-aa?ioeanue e aeieiaeeea, /oi a aea?aaia aaeuo
iao. Yoi ianeieueei oniieieei ethaeae, ii iaiaaeieai. Eae oieueei
eieiiia 168-ai iieea noaea auoyaeaaoueny ec eana, aaeua ioe?uee
o?aaaiiue iaiiue ec ioeaiaoia e aeioiaie. Iaeiaei o a?aaa ia auaea?aeaee
ia?au. Ii ia/ae iaeueao ii aieiaa eieiiiu a oi a?aiy, eae iiaaua ia
auoea a ioe?uoia iiea. Yoi nianei aeeciue nioiyi iaoeo ethaeae,
iooeuiuaoei niiaa a ean.

Aeaa-o?e /ana iieeo oaaoeei ia ainnoaiiaeaiea ii?yaeea. Yoi auei
naeaeaii aeaaiaea?y io?yaeo yiao?aneeo eiiioienoia. Ii ia iiaeaeaeny
iaieea, ia ioioae a aeoaue eana, a caiye iai?iio ia iiooea, aeaa
eiiaiaee?ai aiciiaeiinoue iiaeaioiaeoue iiae?acaeaeaiey aeey aoaee.

Oaeaeinue neieioeoue aeaa aianiiniaiuo io?yaea. A i?aaioeaiaiaue
aoiaeeee eiiioienou ai aeaaa n Aoieaeiaiii (o?eaeoeaoue-ni?ie /aeiaae),
aaoaeueii 168-ai iieea (ieiei noa iyoeaeanyoe aieoeia) e inoaoee 4-ai e
31-ai iieeia; a eaaioeaiaiaue – aeaa aaoaeueiia 168-ai iieea (aeaanoe
iyoueaeanyo – o?enoa e?aniia?iaeoeaa), eaaeay aaoa?ay e iaic iieea.

Ii eonoai ia?aaaaeeaie aaeieue i?aaiai aa?aaa ?aee Nieee N.A. Aoieaeiai
iiaeaae naieo aieoeia e aea?aaia Iaeee e acye iiae iano?ae oinna. Ca iei
iiaeioae, i?e/ai, aac iioa?ue, aaoaeueii 168-ai iieea. I?eaei?iaeiua
eonou oaea/ii ne?uaaee iaoe oeaie. Aaeua no?aeee auee aneaioth.

Eae oieueei ianooiathuea nin?aaeioi/eeenue ia ?oaaaea aoaee, Aoieaeiai
iiaeae eiiaiaeo, e yiao?aneea eiiioienou iiae iaiai niaa?oeee a?inie e
oinna, caaycaa ?oeiiaoioth noaaoeo n aaeuie, iiaeiyaoeieny aeey
ano?a/iie aoaee.

Aa?ie/aneay ?aoeiinoue eiiioienoia ia?aaeaeanue anai e?aniia?iaeoeai, e
iie aac eiiaiaeu, aeaeaeeiua iaio?aceiui i?eia?ii, a?ineeenue a aoaeo.
Oaea? aue oae no?aieoaeai e neeai, /oi aaeua, inoaaea aeaa aeanyoea
o?oiia e a?inea oyaeaei ?aiaiuo, aaaeaee ca aea?aaith Iaeee. O?iio
i?i?aai!

Aoi?iio io?yaeo 168-ai iieea, caieiaaoaio iiceoeeth o aea?aaie Ea?noiai,
iiiia au?aaoueny ec ie?oaeaiey e?anoueyiei yoie aea?aaie I.E. Ei?iaaa. A
naie naiueaeanyo eao ii iaeaaeae oi?ioae iaiyoueth, ciae eaaeaeoth
o?iieieo a eano. Ca ei?ioeoth naaoeoth ii/ue ii auaae aieoeia e aea?aaia
Ieeeiai. Anei?a ca aea?aaiae Aieueoia ?oaeaeeeiai ionooiaaoea
iiae?acaeaeaiey ano?aoeeenue n io?yaeii iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai eiienna?ii
ia?aie a?eaaaeu 6-ie no?aeeiaie aeeaecee O.I. ?yaeie. Aia?aaee auee
iaeanoi/aiiua aie ca e?aniue Ieoa?.”

17 iay aaeua /anoe, aeaeaaaoeany io Aaeiaa, caiyee noaioeeth Aaeia?i, a
e aa/a?o-aea?aaie Iiieuea, Aeaenaaaeo, Iaeee, Ea?noiai. Ae?oaea
iiae?acaeaeaiey a?aaa i?ini/eeenue /a?ac aieioi “Iyoieoeeee iio” e auoee
e Ii?oianeie eieiiee.

17 iay ia noaioeee ssiao?a aa?ienee iiaea auaoee ?aai/ee aao/eineeo
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo ianoa?neeo, /aeeno-I.N. Ieeoeei, auaeaiiue
i?aaeaoaeai-iaoeienoii. Ca ioeac iiaanoe ninoaa n aaaiiaie ii
iai?aaeaieth e Aaeia?io, /oiau naeoue n ?aeuen a?iiaiiacae e?aniuo, ii
aae aeeaueai niaeaeai a oiiea ia?iaica.

Aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu, eiio??acaaae/eee iaeiie ec /anoae THaeaie/a,
?acaeaeeeenue ia a?oiiu e auno?i ie?oaeeee ianeieueei aeiiia a aea?aaie
Iiaane. Eoi-oi ec caoaeaoeony a?aaia Niaaoneie aeanoe ca?aiaa ia?ai?aaee
e aaeui nienee eiiioienoia, ?aaeiiiaoeaa, aeoeaenoia ec n?aaeu
e?anoueyi-aaaeiyeia. Auee noaa/aiu: /eai Iiieueaaneiai ?AE E.A.
Ei?ieueeia e iiiiaaaoea ?aaeiio a i?iaaaeaiee i?iae?acaa?noee aaaeiye
A.A. TH?eei e aai aei/ue Iioy(Iao?aia Aai?iaia Eaaiiaa(TH?eeia)). Iioth
a?ineee a canoaiie, a TH?eeia e Ei?ieueeiaa ?anno?aeyee.

Ia caoaa/aiiie oa??eoi?ee aaeyee noaee ainnoaiaaeeaaoue
aei?aaiethoeeiiiua ii?yaeee. Ia oaa?eee e caaiaeu aa?ioeenue auaoea eo
oicyaaa, a eiaiey nuacaeaeenue iiiaueee e oi?aaeythuea. Caieth o
e?anoueyi, «iacaeiiioth», ioia?aee. Iiiaueeai e eaieoaeenoai aica?aoeee
ana eiioeneiaaiiia o ieo eiouanoai. Aeey e?anoueyi aiiaue auea aaaaeaia
ii?ea. A aea?aaie Eaeiaeeoeu ianeieueeeo aeaaooae auii?iee ia?aae iauei
noiaeii aeeoaeae oieueei ca oi, /oi iie oaioeaaaee n e?aniia?iaeoeaie.
Eiio??acaaaeea ?aaioaea e?oaeinooi/ii, eacie i?ienoiaeeee aaeaaeiaaii.
Aaoaee e ?anno?aeeaaee anao, eiai iiaeic?aaaee a ni/oanoaee Niaaoneie
aeanoe. A aea?aaia Eeoecii – ?anno?aeyi noa?ue e?anoueyiei Eiiieeo
Eaaiia, – aai eacieee oieueei ca oi, /oi ninaaeea iacaaea aai
eiiioienoii. Caa?nee oaeo eiiioieno sseia Aaneeueaa ec aea?aaie
Eaeiaeeoeu, aio iaea/e iaianee 16 neaiciuo ooueiauo ?ai. Ia ieiuaaee,
aaea naaiaeiy iaiyoiee Neaau, ia aea?aaueyo auee iiaaoaiu
i?aaenaaeaoaeue neaaenoaaiiie eiiennee ssiao?aa Aonoaa O?enoeaiiae/
Eioa, aeoeaeno ia?aneie ia?oeeiie i?aaiecaoeee Aeeueaao, i?ionithciue
?oeiaiaeeoaeue Aono?ai, aania?oeeiue neoaeauee Ia?oeeueaa e iiiaea
ae?oaea oiaa?eue.

Eae auei oaea neacaii, ia aaca?iie ieiuaaee (iuia ieiuaaeue Ieeieaaaa)
aaeiaaiaeeou eacieee e?aniiai aaia?aea A.I. Ieeieaaaa, caoaa/aiiiai a
ieai a aea?. Iiieiaa Ai?a.

A?aiaee auno?aeu e aioeenue niniu io oae eaciaiiuo a ?iua ia ie?aeia
ssiao?aa. Ieiei iyoenio niaaoneeo a?aaeaeai noaee aea?oaaie
?aciocaeaiiiai aaeiai oa??i?a. Niniu, ia eioi?uo aaoaee niaaoneeo
a?aaeaeai, auee eniau?aiu ca?oaeaie; oae iaea/e aaee n/ao naiei
aea?oaai. O?oiu eaciaiiuo na?anuaaee a ?ia, ia caeaiuaay. A iaiyoue i
iiaeaoeo iacaaii yoi ianoi ?iuae Iyoenio. ?aiueoa a Eaieia?aaea a iocaa
Aaeeeie Ieoya?ueneie nioeeaeenoe/aneie ?aaiethoeee o?aieony noe e /anoue
noaiea niniu ec yoie ?iue. Ia yoii noeo aeaeiu neaaeu aa?aaee, a ia
noaiea nio?aieeinue 15 ca?oaie… AEa?oaaie aaeiai oa??i?a iaee e Aaeueoa?
A.A., Aaneeueaa E.E., Aaneeueaa ?.A., Aaa?eeia ss.A., Eaaiia E.,
Ei?ieueeia E.A. e ae?. oiaa?eue.

A ecaeaiiie aua a 1940 aiaeo eieaa «?aca?ii THaeaie/a» aiaiiue enoi?ee
A.E. Ea?aaaaa ienae: «Eaaeaeoth ii/ue ia?aae ?annaaoii a yoo ?iuo
i?eaiaeeee aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu i?eaiai?aiiuo e ?anno?aeo e iiaaoaieth. Caoee
auno?aeia e e?eee ?anno?aeeaaaiuo canoaaeyee niae?iaaoueny aeeaoeo
iiaeecinoe ai?iaeai».

Aaoi? eieae i?eaiaeeo ?anneac i?iaeeaaaoaai ?yaeii n ?iuae yiao?aeoea
Iey: «A naiii ia/aea, eiaaea aaeua i?eoee, iie noaaoeee ieiei 50
e?aniia?iaeoeaa. Eo ?anno?aeyee ia ie?aeia ?iue, e oaea eo aeieai
aaeyeenue, oae eae oi?iieoue eo auei cai?auaii. N yoiai e ia/aeinue.
Iaeiaaeaeu oo?ii ?aii noo/ao e iai. Ioe?ue aeaa?ue, niio?th – aaeua.

«Aeaaae, – aiai?yo,- oaao?aoeo».

ss aua oaeeaeeny: «Ca/ai?»

«Ia ?acaiaa?eaae, a aeaaae», – e?eeioe noa?oee.

Iioii eeoue y ociae, /oi yoi o?aaiaaeinue aeey eacie. Inoaeaeaiiuo
i?eaiceee a?oiiaie, iiae eiiaiai. Eoi oie?aeny, aeee i?eeeaaeaie. E
aeaiuei aaoaee. Nai aeaeae, eae i?eaiceee… Auee e iieiaeua, auee e
noa?ua. Aua aio e a oe?a, /oi o ?o/uey, ?anno?aeeaaee. E iaoaio aeiio
eiiaaea e?eee auee neuoiu. AEaia, oae oa aac iea/a ia iiaea auiineoue.
Aea e y nianai nia eeoeeny».

Noa?iaeeeu ai?iaea n niae?iaaieai aniiieiaee oa eioia?iua aeie.
Iaineiia?ea A.N. Aiaeueyiiaa, i?iaeeaaaoay a Eeiaenaiia ii oe. Eaaiiaa,
25, a 1983 a. ia?aaeaea a Eeiaenaiineee iocae caienue naieo
ainiiieiaiee, a eioi?ie anoue oaeie aacaoe:

“ss n iaiie e aaaooeie i?iaeeaaea a 1919 a. o naiiai eeaaeaeua. A iaeio
ec ii/ae e iai i?eaaaeaea e?anoieoea iiae aaaooee, iinaaeaaoay ca
ianeieueei /ania. N ia/aei aiai?eoue ia iiaea, oieueei ae?iaeaea. A
iioii neacaea, /oi yaeeanue n “oiai naaoa”. Ioaea ?anno?aeyee, a iia
/oaeii nianeanue, oae eae ?anno?aeeaaee niaiaiiuo a ?iuo /a?ac
/aeiaaea-“eaaeaeiai ia/aoiiai”.

Ae?oaia ianoi eaciae auei iaaeaeaei io aiecaea. ?aiueoa ooo noiye
naiaoi?. Caeanue ia iiooea eana oiaea aaeenue ?anno?aeu. Eaciaiiuo
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu iaa?aaeii caeaiuaaee. Ai?aaaoeany a ai?iae
e?aniia?iaeoeu iaia?oaeeee ia yoii ianoa oi?/auea ec caiee ?oee e iiae
aea?oa aaeiaaa?aeaeneiai oa??i?a.

E?iia aaeiai oa??i?a ssiao?a «iaiaaoeeny» e iia?iiiie e /a?iinioaiiie
aacaoie «Aaeue E?ano» Ia?eiaa Aoi?iai. ?aaeaeoeey aiaeai?yaony a naiii
iiiauaiee aiaiii-a?aaeaeaineiai oi?aaeaiey aaeuo. ?ani?ino?aiyaony
oieueei ia «naiae oa??eoi?ee» n iiiiuueth ?acaicyueo i?e «i?e neoaeaaiie
eiiaiaee?iaea» ioeoea?ia – ia?eiaoeaa. Aacaoo oneeaiii iaaycuaatho ai
Ineiaa, Aaeiaa, ssiao?aa, eacoo n iae ii aea?aaiyi.

Aaeua oaeaaee e aaoaee ia oieueei a ssiao?aa, aaeue oa??i? e?iaaauie
uoiaeueoeaie ioaaouaae ana oa??eoi?ee «inaiaiaeaeaiiua io aieueoaaecia»,
aio oieueei ianeieueei i?eia?ia:

Aaaio Neae?neiai ath?i OeE ?EI(a), iiauaaaoee a Ooa a ai?aea, iaieoao a
naiai io/aoa i ai?iaea iiae aeanoueth aaeuo: «A iaeio ii/ue ana ia?aae
iaiieieeenue o?oiaie, iiiai auei o?oiia e ia oeeoea. I?aaeaea /ai
?anno?aeeaaoue, ecaeaaee, eieiee ooueaie. O iaeioi?uo o?oiia ia auei
iaeueoeaa, aeaeeii, nieiaee eieueoea».

A Aaeaaaaaneii oacaea oieueei ca iaeei ianyoe (n 13 ia?oa ii 15 ai?aey)
aaeua ?anno?aeyee 7 ouny/ ieaiiuo e 4 ouny/e e?anoueyi.

A naei Eaaiianeia, a oii aea Aaeaaaaaneii oacaea, n io?yaeii
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa aa?iaony auaoee oicyei eiaiey. Ii ie/aai ia i?inoeo
e?anoueyiai. Iinea a?anoia e iuoie ?anno?aeytho eaaeaeiai iyoiai, a naei
iiaeiaeaoo. *a?ac ianeieueei /ania io naea inoaiaony eeoue ianeieueei
iaai?aeuo aeiiia e 2 000 o?oiia.

A Aeaoa?eiao?aneie aoaa?iee eie/aeiaoeu ?anno?aeyee ia iaiaa 25 ouny/
/aeiaae.

A Eecaeianeeo eiiyo auei ?anno?aeyii e caaeeai iia?aaaii ieiei 8 ouny/,
a Oaaeeueneii e Iaaeaaeaeeineii ?aeiiao caio/aii ieiei 10 ouny/…
I?iaeieaeaoue?!

Oaea ia?aua aie n i?ioeaieeii, ?aoueiny e Iao?ia?aaeo, iieacaee, /oi
aaeia eiiaiaeiaaiea ia iiaeao ?ann/eouaaoue ia eaaeea e auno?ua iiaaaeu.

Oieueei oeaiith e?iae e aieueoeo iioa?ue, i?aiaeieaaay iaeanoi/aiiia
nii?ioeaeaiea e?aniia?iaeneeo /anoae, THaeaie/o oaeaeinue iiaeieoe e
Aao/eia e E?aniiio Naeo. Iieiaeaiea caueoieeia e?aniiai Ieoa?a
ineiaeieeinue. Onoaoaeee aai iyoaaee, iiaeaioiaeaiiua yiea?aioneie
aioeniaaoneie i?aaiecaoeeae “Iaoeeiiaeueiue oeaio?” a aaeoeeneeo oi?oao
E?aniay Ai?ea e Na?ay Eioaaeue.

Niaao ?aai/a-e?anoueyineie iai?iiu i?eiye naiua yia?ae/iua ia?u aeey
caueou Iao?ia?aaea. A.E. Eaiei ee/ii eiio?iee?iaae i?iaaaeaiea yoeo ia?.
21 iay 1919 aiaea ii aiineo iii?aaee e aeiiieiaiey a i?iaeo
iinoaiiaeaiey OeE ?EI(a) i iiaeeecaoeee eiiioienoia e ?aai/eo
naaa?i-caiaaeiuo aoaa?iee ia iao?ia?aaeneee o?iio. A oio aea aeaiue ii
i?aaeeiaeaieth A.E. Eaieia OeE ?EI(a) ia?auaaony n aiccaaieai “Ia caueoo
Iao?ia?aaea!”, a eioi?ii aiai?eeinue: “E?aniue Iao?ia?aae iaoiaeeony
iiae na?ueaciie oa?icie. Ieoa?neee o?iio noaiiaeony iaeiei ec naiuo
aaaeiuo o?iioia ?anioaeeee…”

O?aaiaa ca noaeueao eieuaaee i?ieaoa?neie ?aaiethoeee – e?aniue Ieoa?,
aiccaaiea OeE ?EI(a) aneieuoioee o?oaeyueony anae no?aiu. A ?yaea
ai?iaeia nicaeathony io?yaeu, a eioi?ua aioee eae ?yaeiaua eiiioienou e
aania?oeeiua, oae e iiuoiua i?aaiecaoi?u iann – ioaaonoaaiiua ia?oeeiua
e niaaoneea ?aaioieee.

Niaao ?aai/ae e E?anoueyineie Iai?iiu iai?aaee a Iao?ia?aae a ea/anoaa
/?acau/aeiiai oiieiiii/aiiiai E.A. Noaeeia.

O/eouaay ia?iiioth iianiinoue, iaaenooth iaae Iao?ia?aaeii,
Oeaio?aeueiue eiieoao ia?oee i?aaeeiaeee iao?ia?aaeneei i?aaiecaoeeyi
i?iaanoe iiaeeecaoeeth anao ?aai/eo e ioaaonoaaiiuo ia?oeeiuo
?aaioieeia. Ia o?iio iai?aaeeny 1-aue Iooeeianeee ?aca?aiue iiee,
eiaaoee 3400 ooueia. 1200 ?aai/eo Iaaneiai iaoeiino?ieoaeueiiai caaiaea
acyee a ?oee i?oaeea. Oieueei ca aeaaaeoeaoue aeiae ia iiaeeecaoeeiiiua
ioieou Iao?ia?aaea yaeeinue 21509 /aeiaae (iaaei eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi a
1918 e a ia/aea 1919 aiaea a Iao?ia?aaea i?iaiaeeeenue iiaeeecaoeee ia
thaeiue e ainoi/iue o?iiou).

I?eauaaei aieineia iiiieiaiea, iai?aaeaiiia a Iao?ia?aae ec aeoaeiu
no?aiu. Nieeaeiia iiaee?aieaiea iieo/eei eiiaiaeiaaiea 7-ie a?iee,
i?eiya i?eauaooth n ainoi/iiai o?iioa 2-th no?aeeiaoth aeeaeceth.
Iaeaaeeaaeinue /aoeia acaeiiaeaenoaea nooiiooiuo aiene n ei?aaeyie
Aaeoeeneiai oeioa. I?aaiu A*E a Iao?ia?aaea e a aieneao oneeeee ai?ueao
n eiio??aaiethoeeiiiie aaaioo?ie.

Anei?a neeaie niaoeeaeueii nicaeaiiie aa?aaiaie a?oiiu, i?e iiaeaea?aeea
ei?aaeae Aaeoeeneiai oeioa, iyoaae ia oi?oao E?aniay Ai?ea e Na?ay
Eioaaeue aue iiaeaaeai. N 21 ethiy aie iaoeo aiene ia Ia?aneii o/anoea
i?eia?aee ianooiaoaeueiue oa?aeoa?. 21 ethiy /anoe 7-ie a?iee ia?aoee a
eiio?ianooieaiea. E?aniia?iaeoeu 6-ie aeeaecee, eiiaiaee?ii eioi?ie
iacaaeieai ia?aae yoei aue iacia/ai aa?ie A?aaeaeaineie aieiu I.A.
Nieiaeooei, a ia?aue aea aeaiue ianooieaiey iioanieee i?ioeaieea ii
anaio o/anoeo o?iioa. Iaeaieaa ioee/eeny io?yae iao?inia, i?eaeaiiue
12-io no?aeeiaiio iieeo.

I i?ienoiaeyuai a aeaeueiaeoai niauoeyo oi?ioi ?anneacaii ana a oie aea
eieaa auaoaai eiienna?a 6-ie no?aeeiaie aeeaecee N.A. Nie?iiaa “Au?inee
iu a ieaiaie”, aaea a aeaoaeyo ?anneacuaaony i iaeioi?uo yieciaeao
ianooiaoaeueiuo aiaa ia Ia?aneii o/anoea.

A ninoaa 12-ai no?aeeiaiai iieea aioae oieueei /oi i?eauaoee io?yae
ii?yeia. A aith o aea?aaie Iaeiaeii iao?inu na?ineee aooeaou e
a?ineeenue a ?oeiiaoioth n oaeie no?aieoaeueiinoueth, n oaeei ?aaii
“Iieoiae?a!”, /oi a?aae iaacoiaee io no?aoa. Aaeua aaaeaee, a?inay
ioeaiaou, aeioiaee e aeaaea oeiaee. Naiue eeeiiao?ia aiaee
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa ii?yee. Yoi ei i?eiaaeeaaeeo ciaiaieoue aiaaie eee/
“Aeaaoue ssiao?a!”, ?iaeaeaiiue a ia?aue aea aeaiue ianooieaiey.

Ianooieaiea oei aeaaiui ia?acii aaeieue oinnaeiuo aei?ia. Oi?ioee yooaeo
aeaaaee iaoiaeiie iaiaa?, oaea?u ai oeaia e a oue. Oniaoii, iai?eia?,
oaai/aeny aeey 12-ai no?aeeiaiai iieea oaeie iaoiae a oue i?ioeaieea,
oe?aieaoaainy a aea?aaiyo A?aieiai, Ia?yaeiai, Oaeinieiai. Iaoiae
ieaie?iaaeny n iaeiia?aiaiiui oaea?ii n o?iioa ii aea?aaiyi Ai?iieeii,
Ia?aeanuea, Nenoa (ana yoe ianaeaiiua ioieou, e?iia Ai?iieeii, aoiaeyo e
nae/an a ninoaa iaoaai Eeiaenaiineiai ?aeiia).

Ieai aue niaeue, ii iia?aoeey ineiaeiyeanue oai, /oi i?aaenoiyei eaeoe a
iaoiae ii/ueth, i?aiaeieaaay aieioiue o?yneiu, ?o/uee, ?aeo Nenoo.
Au?o/eea ia iiia/aiiay ia oiiia?aoe/aneeo ea?oao i?inaea aeey aua ia
iino?iaiiie aeaeaciie aei?iae I?aieaiaaoi-Aaeia. I?yoaaoeany io aaeuo
aeeoaee aea?aaie A?aieiai iiaeoaa?aeeee, /oi i?inaea aiieia i?ioiaeeia.

Aeoaieee iaoiaeiie iaiaa? e Ia?yaeiai eiiaiaeiaaiea ii?o/eei io?yaeo a
ninoaaa noa o?eaeoeaoe eiiioienoia e eiiniiieueoeaa. Ia ainoiaea nieioea
ii aeieaeai aue caoaaoeoue yoo aea?aaith. Aoi?iio io?yaeo i?aaenoiyei
iaieoe eanii e aoaeiaaoue n oeaiaa aea?aaith. O?aoee oaea? iaiinee
aaoaeueii iieea n o?iioa, a 167-ie no?aeeiaue iiee, ianooiay ia
Ia?aeanuea e Nenoo, ioaaouaae n oeaiaa a iieoeieueoei anth
oaeinieianeoth a?oiie?iaeo a?aaa.

?aii oo?ii iaeiia?aiaiii ia/aeenue aoaee ia A?aieiai e Ia?yaeiai. Iie
auee iieiie iaiaeeaeaiiinoueth aeey a?aaa. Aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu i/oiaei
auneaeeaaee ec na?aaa e aeiiia. Iaeioi?ua ana aea a?ineeenue a ieiiu.
Aieueoeinoai oaaaeaei ca aea?aaith, e ia?aao.

Iaeanoi/aiii caiieioeee ioeaiaou aaeuo. Ii ooo ioe?uea iaiiue iaoa
a?oeeea?ey. Ae?oaeiia ?aneaoenoia “O?a!” ianaony io aoaeothueo oeaiae.
A?aieiai acyoi.

A o Ia?yaeiai aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu auno?i i?eoee a naay. Iie ioe?uee aaoaiiue
ioeaiaoiue iaiiue. Auei ?aoaii acyoue aea?aaith ooo?iii. Oieueei
auno?ioa e o?aa?inoue iiaea iaania/eoue oniao. Aoaeothuei iaaei auei
i?aiaeieaoue eaeeo-ieaoaeue o?enoa oaaia. Ii aaaeue iiae oaeei iaiai
naeaeaoue e aeanyoie oaaia ia oae i?inoi. Ii aieoeu ii ia?aiio neaiaeo
?aaioeenue aia?aae.

“-O?a!… Aeaaoue ssiao?a!.. Aia?aae ia aaeuo!.. O?a!”

Iaeiei ?uaeii aeinoeaee e?aniia?iaeoeu ie?aeiu aea?aaie. AEanoieay
?oeiiaoiay caeeiaea ia oeeoea. Aio oaea caoaa/aia oyaeaeay aaoa?ay
i?ioeaieea. Aaeua iiaaaeaee ii oinna a ean. Ia?yaeiai a iaoeo ?oeao.

Ieiei naie /ania aa/a?a 167-ie iiee acye Ia?aeanuea, a e ii/e-Nenoo. Ia
neaaeothuee aeaiue auei acyoi Oaeinieiai. E?aniia?iaeneea /anoe auoee ia
iia?aoeaiue i?inoi? aeey oeaiaiaiai oaea?a ia Aaeia?i e ssiao?a.

E 1 aaaonoa aeeaecey auoea ia enoiaeiua ?oaaaee aeey ianooieaiey ia
ssiao?a. A?aa oii?ii nii?ioeaeyeny. Eaaeaeoth aunioeo, eaaeaeoth
aea?aaooeo i?eoiaeeeinue a?aoue n aiai. Iniaaiii iaeanoi/aiiua aie auee
a ?aeiia aea?aaaiue Ea?noiai, Eoou, Aaeuey, Ao?eaai.

4 aaaonoa no?aieoaeueiay aoaea 48-ai iieea e io?yaea Iao?ia?aaeneeo
eo?naioia iaaeaeo aea?aaiyie Eyeeoeu e Oaaei?iaea ?ac?acaea o?iio aaeuo
ia aeaa /anoe. Ainiieueciaaaoenue caiaoaoaeuenoaii i?ioeaieei, ii?yee
i?i?aaeenue e aeaeaciie aei?iaa e caiyee noaioeeth Aaeia?i, io?yae
eaaaea?enoia e ?ioa eo?naioia iaeaaeaee Oeeiienueth, a 48-e e 46-e iieee
a?ineeenue i?aneaaeiaaoue iai?eyoaey, ionooieaoaai a noi?iio ssiao?aa ii
eaniie Eiii?neie aei?iaa. Ca ii/ue iie niaa?oeee 20-oe eeeiiao?iaue
iaoiaeiie iaiaa?, n oiaeo aoaeiaaee aea?aaie Iaeue e Aieueoie Eooee,
Eooeeoth eieiieth(iuia Iiaue Eooee) e n naaa?a ai?aaeenue a ssiao?a. E
aa/a?o 5 aaaonoa ai?iae aue acyo. I?ioeaiee ionooiee ca Eoao, aci?aaa
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue iino. A ai?iaea auei caoaa/aii aieaa 350 ieaiiuo, aei
400 aeioiaie, nauoa 115 ouny/ iao?iiia e ae?oaea o?ioae.

A ia/aea oanoeaeanyouo aiaeia oaeaeinue ?acuneaoue ii?yea, eioi?ue
aiae?ocee ciaiy iaae inaiaiaeaeaiiui ssiao?aii. Ei ieacaeny aeeoaeue
ai?iaea E?iiooaaeoa O.A. Aeo?ia, eioi?iio eniieeii Eeiaenaiineiai
ai?niaaoa i?enaiee caaiea «Ii/aoiue a?aaeaeaiei Eeiaenaiia».

Iao?ia?aaeneee Niaao ia?aoeeny e /anoyi 6-ie no?aeeiaie aeeaecee n
i?eaaonoaeai: «Iao?ia?aaeneee Niaao ?aai/eo e e?anoueyineeo aeaiooaoia
oeao a?aoneee i?eaao aa?iyi e?aniia?iaeoeai, neaaiui eiiaiaee?ai e
eiienna?ai aeeaecee, inaiaiaeeaoei ssiao?a io aaeiaaa?aeaeneeo aaiae…»

Inaiaiaeaeaiea ssiao?aa i?eianei aai ecio/aiiiio o?oaeyuaiony ianaeaieth
ecaaaeaiea io oaeania aaeiai oa??i?a. Aaeua inoaaeee no?aoioth iaiyoue i
naaa. A ai?iaea ai?aee aeeeua aeiia, i?eno?ieee, a eaiaaao eaaeaee o?oiu
?anno?aeyiiuo ea?aoaeyie iao?eioia.

Oaea e?aniia?iaeoeaa, iaaoeo a aith i?e acyoee ssiao?aa, a oaeaea
iiiai/eneaiiua aea?oau aaeiaaa?aeaeneiai oa??i?a, iaeaeaiiua a ?aciuo
ianoao, auee iioi?iiaiu a oeaio?a ai?iaea, a neaa?a ia i?iniaeoa Ea?ea
Ia?ena (a niaaoneia a?aiy neaa? iaaeaeo caeaieai 31-ai no?ieoaeueiiai
o?anoa e NAIOO ?234). Ie?oaeathuea neaa? aea?aauey, ia eioi?uo
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu aaoaee naie aea?oau, auee oio/an aea ii i?inueaa
ianoiiai ianaeaiey au?oaeeiu.

Inaiaiaeea ssiao?a /anoe 7-ie a?iee caiyee iai?iio, a aeanoue a ai?iaea
?aaaiainiaao a?iee ia?aaeae ssiao?aneiio A?E. A?E nicaeae ?aaeiiu a
aieinoyo, i?aaei?eiye ia?u ii iaaaaeaieth ii?yaeea, ieacaieth iiiiue a
naiueyi, iaeaieaa iino?aaeaaoei io aaeuo, ?aoee ?yae aii?inia, naycaiiuo
n i?iaaaeaieai naaa iceiuo.

Nio?aieaoeany aeieeaaeiua caienee, o?aaiaaiey, ?anii?yaeaiey
ainnicaeatho aoiinoa?o oao aeiae:

I?eeac ?2 ssiao?aneiai A?E io 17 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea ooaa?aeaeaao ?aaeiiu
a aieinoyo:

1) ?ao/eineee – naei ?ao/eii, i?aaenaaeaoaeue O.?iiia-Eooei;

2) Eeueaoneee – naei Eeueaoe, i?aaenaaeaoaeue O.Aoaianueaa;

3) A?oaeneee – naei A?oaea, i?aaenaaeaoaeue Aeenaaa;

4) Iieineiaeoeeee – no. Iieineiaeoeu, i?aaenaaeaoaeue Iaeei;

5) Eioaeueneee – niaoic “Eioeu”, i?aaenaaeaoaeue Eiceia;

6) Iiieeoeeee – naei Iiieuea, i?aaenaaeaoaeue Aea?thaei;

7) ssno?aaeineee – naei ssno?aaeii, i?aaenaaeaoaeue TH?aainii;

8) ?aaeueeeineee – naei Aaieiai, i?aaenaaeaoaeue I.Eiiueiaa.

*a?ac aeaiue, 18 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea, auoae i?eeac ?3, a eioi?ii A?E
ii?aaeaeyao ia?u ii i?aaeioa?auaieth naiiaieueiie oai?ee iaiuae e eiiee
ea?oioaey aieineeie eiiaiaeaie e ioaeaeueiuie e?aniia?iaeoeaie. A
i?eeaca ?4 io 19 aaaonoa oii?yaei/eaaaony ?aneaa?oe?iaaiea ooaaia e
o/?aaeaeaiee a ionoothueo aeiiao ai?iaeneeo ao?aeoa, oaaaeaaoeo n
aaeuie, iauyaeyaony ia o/?aaeaeaiee eaa?oe?iiai ioaeaea ai aeaaa n
caaaaeothuei Ia?oeieianeei e nio?oaeieeii Aeannaiii. A yoii aea i?eeaca
nio?oaeieeaie A?E iacia/aiu Eiiii/aiei, Ne?aia/aa, Aaeueoa? e AEoeia.

I?eeacii ?5 io 20 aaaonoa iacia/ai eiiaiaeaioii ai?iaea ssiao?aa
ia/aeueiee ia?oecaineiai io?yaea 46-ai iieea, ianouaai io?aio ai?iaea
-o.O?ioeiia. Aoi?ie ia?aa?ao yoiai i?eeaca noieo i?eaanoe oeaeeeii:
“Iinooieaoea io 2 aaoaeueiia io?yaea eo?naioia Iao?ia?aaeneiai IE?AO*AA
6883 ?oa. 30 eii., iiaea?oaiaaiiua iiai?aeueoeai naea Iiai-Iyoieoeeia,
naeaoue ioaeaeo ainoaea?noaaiiie iiiiue, iino?aaeaaoei io aieiu aeey
ia?aaea/e iaeaieaa ioaeaeathueiny aeeoaeyi naea Iiai-Iyoieoeeia”.

Caieiaynue iaioeiaeiuie oaeoueie aeaeaie, ?aaeii ia caauaaao e i aeia
caao?aoiai, i noaeueaa aoaeouaai o?iaeay ia e?anoueyineeo iieyo oacaea.
Oa?aeoa?ai a yoii niunea i?eeac ?6 io 23 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea: “Ianooieei
a?aiy caiaoee iieae iiae iceiua, ii aa?ie/aneay ai?ueaa
?aai/a-E?anoueyineie E?aniie A?iee ca inaiaiaeaeaiea iaoaai oacaea io
iiiaue/ueaai i?iecaiea inoaaeea aeoaieee neaae ia iai. Oeaeua o/anoee
e?anoueyineie caiee ?ac?uou ieiiaie e ieooaiu i?iaieieie, oae /oi ia
i?eaiaeiu aeey aniaoee. Yoi a?iceo nie?auaieai iinaaiie ieiuaaee, a
/a?ac iaa iiieaeaieai e?anoueyineiai aeaaininoiyiey e
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe iaoae Niaaoneie ?anioaeeee.

Aaeaeo yoiai Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiue Eiieoao n niaeaney aeeaeceiiiiai
eiaeaia?a iinoaiiaee: oie/oiaeeoue ana iieaaua aiaiiua nii?oaeaiey,
aicaaaeaiiua aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaie (ieiiu, aeeiaeaaee, i?iaiei/iua
caa?aaeaeaiey e o.ae.). Iai?iieoaeueiua nii?oaeaiey E?aniie A?iee
ca?uoeth ia iiaeeaaeao. Aieinoiui ?aaeiiai i?aaeienuaaaony iaiaaeeaiii
ii iieo/aiee i?eeaca ia ianoa auynieoue /a?ac naeueneea Niaaou ana
oe?aieaiey, iino?iaiiua aaeuie e ii oeacaieth eiaeaia?ia, aeaenoaothueo
ia niioaaonoaothuai o/anoea a?eaaae, a iyoeaeiaaiue n?ie n?uoue eo.”

Aaeaaeiaaii aeanyoee ethaeae i?eoiaeeee a Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiue eiieoao
ai?iaea ssiao?aa, e anao eo aieiaoaeueii auneooeaaee, aeaaaee niaaou,
i?eieiaee ia?u – /eaiu A?E I.Iaoiiia, ss.Iaeaoeeee, I.Eeaiooaei,
I.Ia?eeoaoei, I.Eoeea?, E.Ia?oeeueaa, I.AEoeia, I.Aaeueoa?.

Aei iicaeiae ii/e ai?aee ea?ineiiaua eaiiu a eiiiaoao, aaea ?aaioaee
aieueoaaeee.

Aacaou a ssiao?a ec Iao?ia?aaea i?eoiaeeee ia?aaoey?ii e ana ?aaii a
eaaeaeie – niiauaiea i iaoaaoea i?iaeiaieuenoaey, i iieuoathuai iaiai
THaeiii o?iioa, aaea ?aaeenue e Iineaa iie/eua Aeaieeeia.

A a?aa aue e caeanue iiae aieii. Ioioaaeoea io ssiao?aa 5 aaaonoa /anoe
ia?aiai ei?iona a?iee THaeaie/a, ca eneeth/aieai aea?aaie
Iiai-Iyoieoeeia, caiyee ana eaaiaa?aaeuea ?aee Eoae. Naaa?iaa aea?aaie
AEaaeii eeiey o?iioa auoiaeeea ia i?aaue aa?aa, oea /a?ac eana e aieioa
e ica?ai Aaaeineia, Aeoaieia, Eiiaineia e caeai/eaaeinue iunii
Aeoaaineei ia aa?aao Oeineiai caeeaa. Ia ica?ii-aieioiii o?iioa i?ioea
iaoeo aiene noiyea 1-ay aaeiynoiineay aeeaecey, a oueo eioi?ie aue ii/oe
aanue Nieeeineee e iieiinoueth Eo?aieianeee iieoino?iaa.

Aeecinoue o?iioa a ssiao?aa iuouaeanue aaea/anii: oi aeiiineeanue
nei?iaiai?ea ioeaiaoia, oi n?aaee aaea aeiy iaae oeeoeaie ai?iaea n
nooei o?aneii eiiaeenue nia?yaeu o?aiiaee. Aaa?o e aiec ii ?aea Eoaa
ianee neoaeao ?aca?inaiiua ii aea?aaiyi noi?iaeaaua canoaau. Oyao/eie
aeiaeaeeeauie ii/aie iaae ?aeie aniuoeaaee ia?ano?aeee, e niiaa
ianooiaea o?aaiaeiay oeoeia.

Ii oae oae ono?iai nieaeao: noieo iaaeaeth-ae?oaoth iiauoue aio ia
iaeiii ianoa, caieiaoue iaeei e oio aea ieii, eae i?eaueaao ii e ?aaeeei
ia?ano?aeeai, e iaeiiia?aceth o?iioiaie aeecie. Noe?aaony ino?ioa
iianiinoe, aicieeatho oneiaey aeey iioa?e aaeeoaeueiinoe. Iaoa ?acaaaeea
ia?anoaea eioa?aniaaoueny i?ioeaieeii, aiaaia nii?eeiniiaaiea n iei
ieacaeinue ii/oe oo?a/aiiui.

A ioee/ea io ?aaioieeia ooaaa naaeueiie a?iee ssiao?aneee A?E iuouae
oa?ico aiciaiiaeaiey ianooiaoaeueiuo aeaenoaee aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa
THaeaie/a. Ia yoii, a /anoiinoe, naeaeaoaeuenoaoao aeieoiaio, eioi?ue iu
i?eaiaeei n iaaieueoeie nie?auaieyie:

“Nae?aoii. ?aaiethoeeiiiiio Aiaiiiio Niaaoo 7-ie A?iee.

Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiue eiieoao a. ssiao?aa e oacaea n/eoaao iaiaoiaeeiui
ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ?aaaiainiaaoa 7-e A?iee ia niaa?oaiii iaaeiioneaaiia
ninoiyiea ia?oaeiie io?aiu ai?iaea ssiao?aa, iaoiaeyuaainy a
iaiin?aaenoaaiiii nii?eeiniiaaiee n o?iioii. Ia?aaeiaua ieiiu i?ioeaieea
iaoiaeyony a iaeaieaa ioaeaeaiiuo ianoao ia ?annoiyiee iyoe aa?no, a ii
i?yiiio iai?aaeaieth – aeaa aa?nou, ai?iae iinoiyiii iaoiaeeony a noa?a
iano?aea iai?eyoaeueneie a?oeeea?ee.

A nayce n ia?aa?oiie?iaeie /anoae 6-ie no?aeeiaie aeeaecee e ooiaeii n
Ia?aneiai aiaaiai o/anoea iaeioi?uo iieeia o?iio cia/eoaeueii ii?aaeae;
o/anoee a 10-15 aa?no io?aiythony iaeiei iieeii. A oaeeo oneiaeyo ioaeii
auoue aioiaui e aiciiaeiinoe i?iieeiiaaiey ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiuo ia?oee
i?ioeaieea anee ia a aeaeaeee, oi a aeeaeaeoee oue, e neaaeiaaoaeueii,
ai?iae ssiao?a, iiaeao eaaei noaoue iauaeoii oioy au e?aoeia?aiaiiiai
aacia?acie/aiuey iaeeeo /anoae i?ioeaieea. Iiyoiio io?aia ai?iaea
aeieaeia auoue ?anniao?eaaaia ia oieueei eae i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea ia?ooaiey
?aaiethoeeiiiiai ii?yaeea ni noi?iiu ianaeaiey ai?iaea, ii e a
cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie eaeia?a no?aoaae/aneie iai?iiu. Oaeia, aaconeiaii,
e acaeyae ?aaaiainiaaoa A?iee, iaiaeiie?aoii aeaeaaoaai iai oeacaiey a
yoii niunea.

Iaaeaeo oai, e?iia iiiai/eneaiiuo aiooaiee, iieo/aiiuo iaie ii yoiio
aii?ino io ?aaaiainiaaoa, aiaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie iai ia auei ieacaii
ieeaeie iiiiue a aeaea ono?aiaiey aeaoaeoia ea?aoeueiie neoaeau. Aei
ianoiyuaai a?aiaie ea?aoeueiay neoaeaa iaoiaeeeanue a ?oeao eiiaiaeaioa,
?aniieaaaaoaai neaaeothueie neeaie: 30 /aeiaae io?yaea a. ia/aeueieea
ouea Naiaiiaa, 25 /aeiaae i?eeiiaiaee?iaaiiuo ec 46 iieea (ia?oecaineee
io?yae O?ioeiiaa) e 20 /aeiaae ea?aoeueiie ?iou ssiao?aneiai oacaeiiai
aiaieiia. A ianoiyuee iiiaio io?yae Naiaiiaa iinea iiiaeo iacieeeauo
o?aaiaaiee ioeiiaiaee?iaai iaie ia?aoii. Io?yae O?ioeiiaa eno?aaiaai
6-ie aeeaeceae aeey auiieiaiey iia?aoeaiie caaea/e, e ai?iae inoaaony
oaia?ue i?e io?yaea ea?aoeueiie ?iou, ea/anoaaiii niaa?oaiii ia
i?eaiaeiie aeey auiieiaiey ioaaonoaaiiie caaea/e ea?aoeueiie neoaeau,
oae eae ninoieo yoa ?ioa a iiaeaaeythuai aieueoeinoaa ec iiae?inoeia
17-19 eao.

Ia/aeueiee aa?ieciia, i?aaaea, ia?yaeaao aeiiieieoaeueiua iao?oee ec
ninoaaa ?aca?aiuo aaoaeueiiia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo a ai?iaea, ii iie,
niaeanii onoaao aa?ieciiiie neoaeau, iaycaiu io?aiyoue oieueei
?aniieiaeaiea naiae /anoe. E?iia oiai, yoe aaoaeueiiu, eae oaea auei
neacaii auoa, iaoiaeyony ia ioaeuoa iau/ii iinea aeaooiaaeaeueiiai
i?aauaaiey ia ia?aaeiauo eeieyo, e iaeuecy o?aaiaaoue io ieo iniaaiii
ouaoaeueiie ea?aoeueiie neoaeau.

Iaaeaeo oai, e?iia io?aiu naiiai ai?iaea, iniaoth aaaeiinoue
Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiue Eiieoao i?eaeaao io?aia ia?ai?aa /a?ac ?aeo Eoao.
Io?aia yoa auiieiyaony aieineeie /anoyie /anoi oae iaa?aaeii (ia yoii
aiai?eo oeaeue ?yae oaeoia), /oi yaeyaony e?aeia iaiaoiaeeiui
iauaaeeieoue e yoo caaea/o a ?oeao Aiai?aaeiia, eae iinoiyiiie ianoiie
aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeee.

Ana eceiaeaiiua ianoiyoaeuenoaa canoaaeytho ian ia?aoeoueny e
?aaaiainiaaoo 7-ie A?iee, eae i?aaio, ii?o/eaoaio iai auiieiaiea ?yaea
ii?aaeaeaiiuo caaea/, n ianoiyoaeueiie i?inueaie niaaaeeoue ian neeaie
aeey eo auiieiaiey, i?aaeinoaaea a ?anii?yaeaiea Aiai?aaeiia io?yae a
200 /aeiaae, aianiiniaiue e ciaeiiue n ea?aoeueiie neoaeaie, aeey
o?aaoee?iaaiey aioo?aiiae iai?iiu ai?iaea ssiao?aa e iaaciianaiey aai io
aiciiaeiuo aiaiiuo nth?i?ecia.

N/eoaai iaiaoiaeeiui oeacaoue ia oi ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi oueiaua
o/?aaeaeaiey a?iee (oueiaua ooaau, oicyenoaaiiua eiiaiaeu, ia/. naeoi?ia
e o.i.) naiaiaeii ?anii?yaeathony iaiaoiaeeiuie ei aii?oaeaiiuie neeaie,
e a oi aea a?aiy Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiue Eiieoao, iaiin?aaenoaaiii
iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiia A?iee o?iioiaia o/?aaeaeaiea, ieacuaaaony /anoi, ca
iaeiaieai iaiaoiaeeiiai eiee/anoai aeenoeeieeie?iaaiiuo e niaaaeaiiiui
i?oaeeai nee, niaa?oaiii aaniiiiuiui a auiieiaiee aeaea, ii?o/aiiiai aio
?aaaiainiaaoii 7-ie A?iee.”

A naioya?a 1919a. nicaai ia?aue oacaeiue nuacae ssiao?aneiai Nithca
Iieiaeaaee, aaea auei ?aoaii ia/aoue ?aaioo ii nicaeaieth eiiniiieueneeo
y/aae a aea?aaiyo.

15 naioya?y a Iao?ia?aaea ninoiyeanue aoi?ay aoaa?ineay eiioa?aioeey,
aeaeaaaoaie io ssiao?aneiai Nithca auee Aeaenaiae? Oeiioaaa, Y?ia Eaneie
e Eaiioueaa (I.Eeaca? e oiio a?aiaie aue eca?ai i?aaenaaeaoaeai
aoaeiia). Ia eiioa?aioeee auee i?aaenoaaeoaee 40 i?aaiecaoeee ?ENI
aoaa?iee.

Eiia?eaeenou Aioaiou, /oiau ioaea/ue eaeoth-oi /anoue niaaoneeo aiene n
THaeiiai o?iioa e oai naiui iaania/eoue oniao aeaaiiai oaea?a,
iaiineiiai Aeaieeeiui, caoayee aoi?ia ianooieaiea THaeaie/a ia
Iao?ia?aae. I?aaiecaoi?u yoiai iioiaea NOA e Aiaeey iaania/eee uaae?oth
iiiiuue THaeaie/o aii?oaeaieai, nia?yaeaieai, i?iaeiaieuenoaeai e ee/iui
ninoaaii.

Ainoaea?noaaiiue aeaii?oaiaio NOA ?ac?aoee eniieueciaaoue aeey
niaaaeaiey aiene THaeaie/a, ana aia?eeaineia aiaiiia eiouanoai,
inoaaoaany ai O?aioeee iinea ie?iaie aieiu. 7aaaonoa a Oaeeeineee ii?o
i?eoee o?e aiaeeeneeo ia?ioiaea, aeinoaaeaoea oaiee, i?oaeey, 10 ouny/
aeioiaie. N 13 aaaonoa ii 20 ieoya?y caeanue i?eoaa?oiaaeenue 6 noaeia n
aia?eeaineei nia?yaeaieai, iaioiaee?iaaieai, i?iaeiaieuenoaeai. Ec
Aiaeee /a?ac Ynoiieth i?eauaaee a a?ieth THaeaie/a aaeiaaa?aeaeneea
ioeoea?u. Ec Aa?iaiee n iiiiuueth aia?eeaii-aiaeeeneie aiaiiie iennee
aeey oeiiieaeoiaaiey aaeiaaa?aeaeneeo /anoae auee iai?aaeaiu ouny/e
?onneeo aiaiiiieaiiuo, iaoiaeeaoeony a Oeineii caeeaa aiaeeeneee oeio
aue oneeai iiauie ei?aaeyie.

Oaeei ia?acii, Aioaioa nicaeaea oneiaey aeey iiaiai ianooieaiey
THaeaie/a ia Iao?ia?aae.

I?aa aue ssiao?aneee A?E, ia?auaaoee aieiaiea ?AN 7-ie a?iee ia ieiooth
i?aaiecaoeeth io?aiu ai?iaea.

28 naioya?y 1919 aiaea oaea?iay a?oiia aiene THaeaie/a a ninoaaa ainueie
iieeia i?e iiaeaea?aeea aiaeeeneeo oaieia iaianea ioaeaeathuee oaea? ia
Ineianei-Eoaeneii iai?aaeaiee. Yoie iia?aoeeae i?ioeaieeo oaeaeinue
aaanoe a caaeoaeaeaiea eiiaiaeiaaiea iaoae 7-ie a?iee, iin/eoaaoae, /oi
iniiaiay oeaeue aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa – caoaaoeoue Ineia. Ia noiaa
?acaaaeaoue iaiaa? i?ioeaieea, eiiaiaeiaaiea a?iee niyei n Ia?aneiai
oeaio?aeueiiai o/anoea e ia?aa?ineei ia thaeiue oeaia no?aeeiaoth e
eiiioth Aaoee?neoth a?eaaaeo.

THaeaie/ i?aaeaeooae iiaaaeo. Ii iacia/ee aeaaea aiaiiiai aoaa?iaoi?a
Iao?ia?aaea – aaia?aea Aeacaiaia, eioi?ue, iaeiaei, ii ecaanoiui iai
i?e/eiai a yoo aeieaeiinoue oae e ia anooiee.

Ociaa /a?ac eacoo/eeia e oieiiia ia ineaaeaiee Ia?aneiai o/anoea, ooaa
THaeaie/a oaiiie inaiiae ii/ueth a ?aeiia aea?aaie Io?aaaeii, ieeai ia
io?aiyaiii, ia?ai?aaee ia i?aaue aa?aa ?aee Eoae e?oiiia niaaeeiaiea
(caiaoei, /oi Io?aaaeii auei ianoii ia?ai?aau /anoae THaeaie/a e a
ia?aii iioiaea ia Iao?ia?aae). Ia?ai?aaeaoenue ia i?aaue aa?aa,
aaeiaaa?aeaeneea aienea ?acaeeenue ia aeaa eieiiiu. Iaeia iiaaea
ianooieaiea ia noaioeeth Aaeia?i, aoi?ay ia ssiao?a. Iaeiia?aiaiii 11
ieoya?y aaeua ia?ooeeenue e?oiiuie neeaie ia o/anoie 2-ai aaoaeueiia
46-ai no?aeeiaiai iieea o aea?aaaiue TH?eeii, Aieueoie Eooee e iiae
Iiai-Iyoieoeeii. Iiae i?ee?uoeai o?aaaiiiai a?oeeea?eeneiai iaiy iie
i?i?aaee o?iio e caiyee ssiao?a.

Eiaaea aaeiaaa?aeaeneea /anoe aua iiaeoiaeeee e ssiao?ao, ?aaeii iauyaee
iiaeeecaoeeth anao eiiioienoia e aania?oeeiuo ?aai/eo a ?yaeu E?aniie
A?iee. A aiyo ca naie ai?iae, a iineaaeothueo aeoaao ca Iao?ia?aae
yiao?aneea eiiioienou, iiiaea aania?oeeiua ?aai/ea e neoaeauea,
aeaenoaoy a ninoaaa 6-ie no?aeeiaie aeeaecee, i?iyaeee aaee/aeooth
naiiioaa?aeaiiinoue e ioaeanoai.

Io eiiioienoia ia ionoaaaee e eiiniiieueoeu. Eaiaeeaeao enoi?e/aneeo
iaoe E.I. Eiinoaioeiia a naiae eieaa “Aa?ie/aneay aeoaa ca Iao?ia?aae a
1919a.” oiiieiaao, /oi a oa aeie ssiao?aneee, Aeaoneinaeueneee,
Aao/eineee nithcu iieiaeaaee oeaeeeii ioi?aaeeenue ia o?iio.

Iiae iaoeneii i?aainoiaeyueo nee i?ioeaieea aienea 7-ie a?iee, ieacuaay
a?aao aa?ie/aneia nii?ioeaeaiea, auioaeaeaiu auee iooiaeeoue. Iooiae
iaoeo aiene io ssiao?aa aei iineaaeiae ieioou i?ee?uaae a?iiaiiacae ?6
eiaie A.E. Eaieia iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai A.E. Oiay e E.E. Aaca.

Aio eae yoi iienuaaaony a eieaa A.A. Eiiyeiaa «Eaai Aaca»: «A
i?ioeaaeiue, aao?aiue aa/a? ieoya?y 1919 aiaea a?iiaiiacae ?6 eiaie
oiaa?eua Eaieia auacaeae a i?eo?iioiaie ai?iae ssiao?a. I?ineaaeaoeeny
aiaauie iiaeaeaaie, ii eo?ne?iaae iaaeaeo Aao/eiie e ssiao?aii, eiay
aaco a Aaeia?ia. Oaia?ue aeuiy, iuaoeiynue noaieaie i?oaeee e ioeaiaoia,
eioi?ua a?icii auaeyaeuaaee ec aieieoe, ii oyaeaei i?ioae ieii aiecaea e
inoaiiaeeny ia caiaaeiie ie?aeia noaioeee.

Ia oaiaea?a ia?iaica noiye eiienna? Eaai Aaca a aeeeiiie oeiaee e
eiaeaiie oo?aaeea, aea?aea aeiieeue…»

O/eouaay aieueoie iiuo eiiaiaeu e iaiaaoth iiuue a?iiaiiacaea,
eiiaiaeiaaiea iai?aaeyao aai ia naiue ioaaonoaaiiue o/anoie o?iioa a
?aeiia Aao/eia-ssiao?a, aaea oee iaeanoi/aiiua aie. Ii?ie a?iiaiiacae
iaeei oaea?aeeaae ia?aaeiaua oeaie i?ioeaieea, eneonii iaiaa?e?oy iiae
eioaineaiui iano?aeii aaeiaaa?aeaeneeo aaoa?ae.

«O iieonoaiea Oeeiienue a?iiaiiacae iieo/ee i?eeac caoaaoeoue e
oaea?aeaoue aei iiaeoiaea iniiaiuo nee noaioeeth ssiao?a. Nia?aa
eiiioienoia a aaaiia-eeoaa, eiienna? Eaai Aaca niieieii iauyniee
ianoaiiaeo: «Iai aeai i?eeac iiaeieoe e ssiao?ao e oaea?aeeaaoue
noaioeeth. Ii anoue naaaeaiey, /oi iia caiyoa ioai?iuie /anoyie
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa – aeeaecee eiycy Eeaaia. Ia?iaic o ian iaa?iie?iaaiiue.
Iao a ?aiiioa. Iaeiaei iaaei ?aoeoue: eaeoe aia?aae eee iao? Aeaeiainy
aia?aae – n?aco iaia?oaeei naay. I?eeac aiai?eo – «aia?aae», ianoaiiaea
– «iacaae». Ii i?eeac aeiioneaao «o/anoue ia ianoa ianoaiiaeo».
Eiiaiaee? e y, eiienna?, o/eouaay ianoaiiaeo e aiaaua caaea/e, ?aoeee:
«Eaeai aia?aae». Iaaei caaea?aeaoue aaeuo ia iieyia ia aeaa /ana, aeaaea
oioy au ia /an, iiea ia i?einoaiiayo ionooieaiea iaoeo /anoae. Iu iiaeai
ana aei aaeeiiai iiaeaiooue, ii naie eiiioienoe/aneee i?ieaoa?neee aeiea
aeieaeiu auiieieoue a i?aaenoiyuae iai ia?aaiie ai?ueaa. Eiiioienou
aoaeoo aia?aaee, a yoii iu oaa?aiu».

Caeii/eeinue nia?aiea aaeeiiaeooiui iaeia?aieai: «eaeoe ia ssiao?a».

Iiaeieaey e ai?iaeo, e?aniia?iaeoeu ociaee: noaioeey caiyoa. Ioe?ua
o?aaaiiue iaiiue ii oeaiyi i?ioeaieea, e?aniia?iaeoeu iiiuoaeenue
n?oaeoue caiee ni no?aeie e i?ieoe ia caianiie iooue, /oiau i?iionoeoue
a?aaeaneee yoaeii, ii yoa iia?aoeey ia oaeaeanue. Aaeyee niia?aceee, /oi
oioaee naeaeaoue ia a?iiaiiacaea. Iie iai?aaeee i?ioea iaai noiyuee iiae
ia?aie ia noaioeee ia?iaic.

…Auno?i iaae?ay nei?inoue, ia?iaic eaoeeny i?yii ia a?iiaiiacae. Yoi
aeieaeii auei aucaaoue aaa?eth. Eiienna? iiacaea Eaai Aaca, iaoiaeynue
ia oaiaea?a, aia?aiy caiaoee iianiinoue.

-Iieiue iacaae, aeoue ii ia?iaico! – i?icao/aea aai eiiaiaea.

Eiaiaia i?oaeea ioe?uei iaiiue. N a?ioioii iieaoaee nia?yaeu a
aeaeaaaoeeny ia?iaic. ?acaeaeny iaeooeoaeueiue ac?ua, iiaeiyeenue eeoau
ia?a, e eco?iaeiaaiiue ia?iaic inoaiiaeeny.

O?e aeiy, n 12 ii 15 ieoya?y 1919 aiaea, aac nia e ioaeuoa i?ee?uaae
iooiae e?aniia?iaeneeo /anoae a?iiaiiacae ?6 eiaie A.E. Eaieia a ?aeiia
ssiao?aa. Aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu ia ?ac iuoaeenue caoaaoeoue e oie/oiaeeoue
aai, iie iaeeaaeuaaee a?iiaiiacae eaaaea?eeneeie ?acuacaeaie e
a?oeeea?eeneeie aaoa?ayie, ?acae?aee aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue iooue e aiiaeee
n ay?iieaiia, ii, ii neiaai I.Ae. Ieeeoeia, iiiiuieea eiiaiaee?a
a?iiaiiacaea, eiy aaeeeiai Eaieia, ia/a?oaiiia ia ia?iaica, anaeyei
oaa?aiiinoue a iiaaaea iaae a?aaii!».

?acaeaay ianooieaiea, aaeiaaa?aeaeneea /anoe 16 ieoya?y caiyee E?aniia
Naei, /a?ac aeaiue – Aao/eio. E 19 ieoya?y 5-ay aeeaecey aaeuo
i?eaeeceeanue e noaioeee Eeaiai. Oi auee oaea i?aaeianouey Iao?ia?aaea.
Aeey e?aniiai Ieoa?a aiiaue ianooieee e?eoe/aneea aeie.

A.E. Eaiei ynii i?aaenoaaeye anth na?ueaciinoue ianoaiiaee, neiaeeaoaeny
ia Iao?ia?aaeneii o?iioa. 14 ieoya?y ii iai?aaee oaeaa?aiio eniieeiio
Iao?ia?aaeneiai Niaaoa. A iae ia oieueei ane?uaaeanue oeaeue ianooieaiey
THaeaie/a (iaiaa?, /oiau ioaea/ue iao iaoene ia tha), ii e oeacuaaeenue
iooe ?aca?iia aaeiaaa?aeaeneeo iie/eu: “Ioaaeoa a?aaa, oaea?ueoa ia
ssiao?a e Aaeia,-ienae Aeaaeeie? Eeuee/, – i?iaaaeeoa iiaeeecaoeeth
?aaioieeia ia o?iio…”

Eaieineee i?ecua aucaae aaee/aeoee iao?eioe/aneee iiaeuai n?aaee
caueoieeia ai?iaea. Ii iiaeiye ia ai?ueao n iaiaaeaaoeie
aaeiaaa?aeaeneeie aaiaeaie ieoa?neeo ?aai/eo, e?aniia?iaeoeaa, ii?yeia.
Auiieiyy oeacaiey A.E. Eaieia Iao?ia?aaeneee aoaa?ineee e ai?iaeneie
eiieoaou ia?oee aeiiieieoaeueii iiaeeeciaaee aeey oe?aieaiey 7-ie a?iee
aieaa o?ao ouny/ eiiioienoia. Aeanyoee ouny/ aeia?iaieueoeaa aeeeenue a
ninoaa a?iee. Oieueei a ieoya?a-iiya?a ia o?iio auei ioi?aaeaii 28 ouny/
aieoeia, ec ieo /aou?a ouny/e eiiioienoia. Ii i?ecuao OeE ?EI(a) ia
iao?ia?aaeneee o?iio i?eauee eiiioienoe/aneea io?yaeu ec Iineau,
Aeaaeeie?a, Ayoee, Eino?iiu, Oaa?e, Iaicu e ae?oaeo ai?iaeia. Iiae
ee/iui eiio?ieai A.E. Eaieia a ieoya?a-iiya?a o?iio iieo/ee 107 yoaeiiia
aieineeo iiiieiaiee.

20 ieoya?y eiiaiaeothuee 7-ie a?ieae ioaeae i?eeac i eiio?ianooieaiee.
26 ieoya?y ia/aea ianooieaiea ninaaeiyy 15-y a?iey. 21-22 ieoya?y
i?ioeaiee aue ioaeo n Ioeeianeeo aunio, 23 ieoya?y inaiaiaeaeaii
Oea?neia Naei, 3 iiya?y – Aao/eia…

11 iiya?y iaoe /anoe n aiai caiyee aea?aaith Eyeeoeu. Iiiuoea
i?iaeaeiooueny aaeieue oinna ia aea?aaith Iiieuea auea ioaeoa neeueiui
a?oeeea?eeneei e ioeaiaoiui iaiai a?aaa. Ia niaauaiee eiiaiaee?ia eoi-oi
i?aaeeiaeee iiiuoaoueny ii/ueth iaieoe iiceoeee aaeuo, a oo?ii oaea?eoue
ai oeaia i?ioeaieea o aea?aaie Oaaei?iaee. Ii aei?iaai, ?acoiaaony,
aeaeaaoueny iaeuecy, – aacaea caneiiu, a ii aacaei?iaeueth a oaiiioa
i?iieooaoue iiaeii. Ioaeai iaaeaaeiue i?iaiaeiee!

Ociae ia yoii e?anoueyiei O.I. Iaoaaaa ec aea?aaie Eyeeoeu e i?aaeeiaeee
naith iiiiuue. Aio /oi ii aiineaaenoaee ?anneacuaae: «I?ineuoae y a oo
ii?o, /oi iaoei ioaeai i?iaiaeiee ia aea?aaith Oaaei?iaeo. Neacae y
naiaio nuio, /oiau ii oae. Iineae, cia/eo, a nai neeueii ca iaai
?ano?aaiaeeeny. Iioii oae ii nai ?anneacuaae iia, eae aeaei auei. Iioee
iie ia aei?iaie, a aieioii, eae i?eeacae eiiaiaee?. Ioeaiaou ianee ia
?oeao ii i/a?aaee. Eiaaea aeecei iiaeioee e aea?aaia, inoaiiaeeenue,
ioaeuoaeenue. E?oaii ana oeoi, aeaaea ieeoi ia eaoeyioe. Iinea yoiai ana
iie/a, ii auno?i aeaeioeenue aia?aae. N?aco caoa?aooaee ioeaiaou,
?acaeaeenue e?eee… Ia oniae nuieoea iiiiieony, a iaoe oaea a aea?aaia.
Ooo aaeua a?ineeenue aaaeaoue.»

11 iiya?y iieee 7-ie a?iee naiei i?aaui oeaiaii auoee ia eeieth ica?
Eiiaineia, Aeoaieia e Aaaeineia, e naaa?o io ssiao?aa. Ia ainoiea io
ai?iaea caaycaeenue oii?iua aie ia eeiee Iiieuea – noaioeey Aaeia?i. N
thaa aaeieue ?aee Eoae e ssiao?ao n aiyie i?eaeeaeaeenue /anoe iaoae
15-e a?iee.

A oa/aiea o?ao aeiae ia iiaenooiao e ssiao?ao oee iaeanoi/aiiua aie.
Aaeua caieiaee iiceoeeth, i?ioiaeeaooth io aea?aaaiue Aieueoie e Iaeue
Eooee ii aa?aao Eaneieianeiai ?o/uey. Caoai iai?iieoaeueiay iieina
ia?anaeaea aeaeacioth aei?iao e ia thaa oie?aeanue a ?aeo Eoao.

Ia ?annaaoa 13 iiya?y iaoe /anoe ia?aoee a ?aoeoaeueiia ianooieaiea. Aie
caeeiae ia anao o/anoeao. Aoe ?oaeaeii-ioeaiaoiie no?aeueau, a?ioio
ac?uaia, o?ane iiaena/aiiuo ineieeaie iaaeathueo ia caieth aaoaae
aea?aaueaa, uaeeaiuea ioeue i noaieu ninai iaiieieee ean aaeneei ooiii.

Ia?aeii i?iecioae ia neaaeothuee aeaiue. Iaiaeoth ?ieue a yoii nua?ae
aa?ieneee iiaeaea aieoeia 6-ie ?iou 17-ai no?aeeiaiai iieea. Aio eae yoi
auei: eiiaiaee? ?iou Aeieoea i?eeacae naiaio iiiiuieeo Naiaiiao
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue neeueiue ioeaiaoiue iaiiue ii iiceoeee a?aaa, a nai n
ianeieueeeie o?aa?aoeaie iiaeiiec e aaeiaaa?aeaeneei ieiiai e caa?inae
eo a?aiaoaie. Ia aeaaay i?ioeaieeo iiiiieoueny, neiiaiaeiaae: «A aoaeo!
O?a!» e oaeae ca niaie ?ioo. Aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu iia?inaee i?oaeea e
naeaeenue a ieai.

Aeaey oniao 6-ie ?iou, a?ineeny a aoaeo aanue 17-e iiee. Iaeioi?ua
a?oiiee i?ioeaieea, iono?aeeaaynue, noaee iooiaeeoue, a aieueoay /anoue
naeaeanue a ieai.

Iaeiia?aiaiii aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu auee auaeou ec naieo iiceoeee ia naaa?a:
ianooiaaoea caeanue iieee Aaoee?neie a?eaaaeu e /anoe 2-ie no?aeeiaie
aeeaecee ai?aaeenue a aea?aaith Iaeue Eooee. A?aa ionooiee e Aieueoiio
Eooeeo, ii e caeanue, caa?anuaay a?aaa ?o/iuie a?aiaoaie, e?aniia?iaeoeu
auaeee aaeuo ec aea?aaie e ono?aieeenue e naaa?iie ie?aeia ssiao?aa.

A yoi a?aiy iiae i?ee?uoeai iaiy a?iiaiiacaea «*a?iiii?aoe» iaoe /anoe
ai?aaeenue a ai?iae ni noi?iiu aeaeaciie aei?iae. N thaa e ssiao?ao
i?iaeeenue iieee 11-ie no?aeeiaie aeeaecee, ianooiaaoea aaeieue ?aee
Eoae. 14 iiya?y 1919 aiaea ssiao?a aue i/euai io a?aaa.

I?e inaiaiaeaeaiee ssiao?aa /anoe E?aniie A?iee aucaieeee ec ieaia aieaa
500 e?aniia?iaeoeaa, caoaaoeee 3 i?oaeey, 20 ioeaiaoia, aieueoia
eiee/anoai aeioiaie, iao?iiia e ae?oaiai aiaiiiai nia?yaeaiey, ciaiy
Oaeaaneiai iieea.

Iieeoioaeae ooaaa 7-ie a?iee ia?aoeeny e aieoeai n eenoiaeie: «ssiao?a
iae! A ianeieueei aeiae iu i?iaiaee a?aaa io aeeaeaeoeo iiaenooiia e
Iao?ia?aaeo aei ?aee Eoae… E?aniua nieaeaou! Iaianeoa THaeaie/o
iineaaeiee ?aoathuee oaea?!»

Iioa?iaa ii?aaeaiea iiae Iao?ia?aaeii a?iey THaeaie/a ioeaouaaeanue e
ainoi/iui a?aieoeai Ynoiiee. A ia?aie iieiaeia iiya?y eieiiia ec 700
ieaiiuo aieoeia, eiiaiaee?ia e iieeo?aaioieeia ?EEA auea i?eaiaia aaeuie
ia iuco Eeeeeaiaao (i?eia?ii a eeeiiao?a naaa?i- ainoi/iaa Eaaiai?iaea).
Caeanue /anoue ieaiiuo caaiaee a eaiaiiue na?ae (?eao). Ieaiiua
niaea?aeaeenue a ia/aeiaa/aneeo oneiaeyo. Eo ia ei?ieee, ioia?aee
aa?oithth iaeaaeaeo e iaoaue. *oiau ia oia?aoue io oieiaea, ieaiiua
noaee aea/ue iaaieueoea eino?u e oai iaia?aaaoueny. Ii/ueth io
iainoi?iaeiiai ia?auaiey n iaiai caai?aeanue e?uoa na?ay. Ii ?anneacai
ianoiuo aeeoaeae, aaeua ia i?eiyee ieeaeeo ia? e nianaieth, a
?acoeueoaoa /aai 128 ieaiiuo nai?aee e caaeioioeenue a iiaea?a.

A aeaaaeoeaoua aiaeu aeeoaee Ia?au caoi?iieee inoaiee iiaeaoeo, o iiaeeu
naeaeaee ia?aaeo e iaiyoiue ciae.

A na?aaeeia aeaeaa?y 1919 aiaea ?aaioo ssiao?aneiai oeiia ?ENI aicaeaaee
A.Oeiioaaa. Aio iiiiaaee /eaiu ath?i oeiia: Aaaaiee E?ooeei, Y?ia
Eaneie, Oaieianeee, Aaneeee e Ieoaee Ao?aaa.

Oiaaea aea a aeaeaa?a eiiniiieueoeu ono?ieee ieoeia a aea?aaia Iiieuea,
aaea a i?aaiecaoeeth anooieee 15 /aeiaae.

25 aeaeaa?y a ssiao?a i?eaue aaeoiiacae «Ieoya?ueneay ?aaiethoeey», ia
eioi?ii niaa?oae ?aen ii no?aia i?aaenaaeaoaeue AOeEE I.E. Eaeeiei. Ia
niaauaiee i?aaenoaaeoaeae aieinoiuo ?aaeiiia, naeueneeo Niaaoia e iieeia
ssiao?aneiai o/anoea o?iioa Eaeeiei aunooiee n aeieeaaeii i ?aaioa
?oeiaiaeyueo i?aaiia ?anioaeeee. A i?eiyoie ii aeieeaaeo ?aciethoeee
o/anoieee niaauaiey caaa?eee i?aaeoaeuenoai, /oi «e?anoueyinoai
ssiao?aneiai oacaea, iino?aaeaaoaa e ?aci?aiiia aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaie,
aioiai oaeaieoue naie neeu aeey iiiiue E?aniie A?iee a aeaea ai?ueau n
THaeaie/ai, a E?aniiio Ieoa?o a aeaea caaioiaee oiieeaa…» E
aeaenoaeoaeueii, a iineaaeieo /eneao aeaeaa?y iiae Aeoa?iaeie e
Eiia?iaeie /anoe thaeaie/aneie a?iee auee ?acaeou ieii/aoaeueii. Iiae
aeeyieai ii?aaeaiee aaeiaaa?aeaeneea /anoe noaee auno?i ?aceaaaoueny:
o/anoeeinue aeaca?oe?noai.

A oaa?aea 1920 aiaea ninoiyeny Aoi?ie oacaeiue nuacae i?aaiecaoeee ?ENI,
ia eioi?ii i?enoonoaiaaei 47 i?aaenoaaeoaeae io 27 ?acee/iuo
i?aaiecaoeee. Nuacae iinoaaee caaea/o – ai?ioueny n iaa?aiioiinoueth.
«Aeieie oueio, iaaaaeanoai e aaca?aiioiinoue, aea ainneyao naao ciaiee!»
– yoi neiaa ec ?aciethoeee nuacaea. Auei iiaeaioiaeaii aiccaaiea e
iieiaeaaee aea?aaie n i?ecuaii iaeaaeaaaoue ciaieyie. Eca?aee oacaeeii
eiiniiiea, a eioi?ue aioee Oeiioaaa, Eiceia, Ao?aai, Oeoia, Yeueiai,
Oaaei?iaa(A?oaeneay aieinoue), Ineiia (Ia?ianeay aieinoue), Eoeoa
(ssiao?aneee oacaeeii), Aoeueo. I?aaenaaeaoaeai oacaeeiia eca?ai
Oeiioaaa.

2 oaa?aey 1920 aiaea, ii ie?iiio aeiaiai?o n Ynoiieae, Ia?aa n
i?eeaaathueie e iae ianaeaiiuie ioieoaie ioioea e Ynoiineie ?anioaeeea.

N 18 ii 25 ia?oa 1920 aiaea oacaeiue eiieoao ?ENI i?iaae «Iaaeaeth
e?aniie iieiaeaaee», eioi?ay auea i?eo?i/aia e Aeith ia?eaeneie eiiioiu.
A yoe aeie noi?ie?iaaeanue 41 eiiniiieueneay i?aaiecaoeey, a ?yaeu ?ENI
caienaeinue 497 /aeiaae. A ssno?eaeineie aieinoe aue ia?aciaai
Ionoiia?aeneee Nithc Iieiaeaaee e ianeieueei y/aae ii aea?aaiyi. A
Ai?neie aieinoe nicaeaeinue o?e eieeaeoeaa ?ENI: a aea?aaiyo Naea,
Iaaeiaa e Iiai – Eooee; a Iieineiaeoeeie aieinoe – a aea?aaiyo Eyeeii e
Noine. A Aeaiue Ia?eaeneie eiiioiu a aea?aaie oacaea iiaoaee ana
i?aaenoaaeoaee oeiia eiiniiiea. Ca iaaeaeth auei i?iaaaeaii 17 ieoeiaia,
560 aanaae, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai auei nicaeaii 36 eiiniiieueneeo y/aae.

Aaniie 1920 aiaea oeii ?ENI i?aaieciaae aeaa noaaioieea ii iia?ocea e
aua?ocea 12 aaaiiia ae?ia. A oa/aiea eaoa iinoaaee 18 niaeoaeeae, nai?
io eioi?uo ninoaaee 100 ouny/ ?oaeae. Oeiiii auee caeacaiu niaoeeaeueiua
cia/ee aeey /eaiia Nithca. A yoi aea a?aiy ?aoeeny aii?in e i iiiauaiee
aeey oeiia. A aai ?anii?yaeaiea aue ia?aaeai aeii, aaea a niaaoneia
a?aiy auei «O?ainaaaionoai». «A oeiia iinoiyiii auei ooiii, aanaei,
iinoiyiii auea iieiaeaaeue, – aniiieiaao Y.A. Oaoi, /eai ath?i oeiia a
1920-1921 aiaeao, – Iniaaiii iiiith Aeaiue E?aniie A?iee a 1920 aiaeo.
Oiaaea auea ea?oi/iay nenoaia, oae /oi i?iaeoeou i?eianee naie, iaee
ianie, /eoaee noeoe, iioii oaioeaaaee.»

Eiiniiieueoeu i?aaieciaaee ia?iaeiia aoeyiuea a Oaiiii naaeo (?aiueoa
Eaoiee naae), aeaeaee eeoaeneea oiia?eee. Ca ieaoo 15 eiiaae aeeoaee
ssiao?aa iiaee iineooaoue ianie Y?iu Eaneie (Oaoi), iiniio?aoue
niaeoaeee. Iniaie iiioey?iinoueth o iieiaeaaee ssiao?aa iieueciaaeny
oaao?-nooaeey, aaea ea?aee iueanu Ino?ianeiai. I?eacaeaee a ainoe a
ssiao?a o?oiiu ec Iao?ia?aaea. Caeanue aea i?ioiaeeee e ai?iaeneea
oaioeu – ?ac a iaaeaeth ii noaaioai aei iieoii/e.

4-5 naioya?y 1920 aiaea ninoiyeny i?acaeiee iieiaeaaee, 4 naioya?y-
noaaioiee ii aeaaiono?ienoao ai?iaea, 5 naioya?y ana i?aaiecaoeee ?ENI
ssiao?aa nia?aeenue o a?aoneeo iiaee, aaea i?ioae ieoeia, caoai –
oanoaea ii ai?iaeo ia ieaoe aieineie /anoe, aaea eiiniiieueoeu i?iaaee
nii?oeaiue i?acaeiee. Aa/a?ii a eeoaao – eiioea?ou, ieoeiae, aunooiae
aaeoaaaii aoaeiia ?ENI, i?eaoaaoee a ssiao?a.

E ieoya?th 1920 aiaea eiiniiieueneea y/aeee eiaeenue oaea ai anao
aieinoyo. Iaeiaei oacaeiue eiieoao ?ENI caaioo i iiiieiaiee naieo ?yaeia
ia i?ae?auaeny.

25 ieoya?y ni no?aieoe aacaou «Ieoa e iieio» ii ia?aoeeny e thiioai e
aeaaooeai oacaea n aiccaaieai: «THiua e?anoueyia ssiao?aneiai oacaea!
Na?inueoa n naay iaeaio aiycie e naaoa, auoiaeeoa ec i?aea e
iaaaaeanoaa, i?iaoaeaeaeoa naia niciaiea! *anoue aaoeo naa?noieeia oaea
i?eoee e oaaaeaeaieth i iaiaoiaeeiinoe ia/aoue iiaue ia?ac aeecie,
ia?aeoe ia iiaue iooue, aaaeouee e eiia/iie naaoeie oeaee – e
eiiioienoe/aneiio no?ith. Iie i?aaieciaaeenue a ?inneeneee
Eiiioienoe/aneee Nithc Iieiaeaaee.

Iaoe iooeu niaa?oeee i?ieaoa?neoth ?aaiethoeeth. Iie ?ac?ooeee naiaeu
noa?ie oth?ueiu. Iai inoathony ?acaaeeiu e oyaeaeay ?aaioa a
ianeaaenoai-nicaeaiea iiaie aeecie, iiaiai ie?a, eioi?ua aoaeoo
yaeyoueny ieeoeaoai?aieai ethaae, a?aonoaa e ?aaainoaa.

Eoi, oiaa?eue, a aoaeouai aoaeao i?aaeoue no?aiie?

Au, aeaoe nioe e iieioa!

Au aoaeaoa i?iecaiaeeoue, e iieueciaaoueny i?iaeoeoaie naiaai o?oaea, au
aoaeaoa naie ?oeiaiaeeoue aeeciueth. A aeey yoiai oaea oaia?ue iaaei
aeeoue iiaie aeeciueth, o/eoueny ?anii?yaeaoueny e oi?aaeyoue, o/eoueny
?aaioaoue ?oeaie e aieiaie…»

16 e 17 iiya?y 1920 aiaea a ssiao?aa ninoiyeny o?aoee oacaeiue nuacae
?ENI. Ia iai i?enoonoaiaae 61 aeaeaaao. Nuacae iiaeaae eoiae ?aaiou ca
1919-1920 aiaeu e eca?ae ninoaa oacaeeiia. A iaai aioee I.Ao?aai,
E.A?eai?ueaa, Aieuineee, Aaniaiyoia, Aaaaoia, Aieoeia, Eaaiiaa,
Oeiioaaa, O?eoiiia, Oeioe. Nuacae i?eiye ?aciethoeeth, a eioi?ie
oeacuaaeinue ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue naiie oe?ieie ?aaiou a oacaea ii
?acuyniaieth o?oaeyueony anao ia?ii?eyoee Niaaoneie aeanoe; iiiiuue
o?iioo, o?oaeiaay iiaeiiinoue, eeeaeaeaoeey iaa?aiioiinoe, ia?aauai?u
naeueniaaoia e iiaeaioiaea e Ainueiiio Ana?inneeneiio nuacaeo Niaaoia.

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