*a?ac no?aiu e aaea.
Ocaaeenoai – Oeaio? Aaeeeiai Oaeeiaiai Iooe
Eiaaea iinea aeieaeo no?ainoaee onoaeue ea?aaai iiaeoiaeee e
Naia?eaiaeo, oi auaaeua ea?aaaiueee ciaee, /oi eoaea au iie ie oee, a
i?ieaeaia oaea iieiaeia iooe. Iioiio /oi Naia?eaiae ecae?aaea iaoiaeeeny
a oeaio?a e ia ia?ana/aiee ea?aaaiiuo aei?ia, ia?acothueo Aaeeeee
oaeeiaue iooue. Yoi eaaaiaea?iia niae?oaeanoai aei?ia niaaeeiyei
aeaaioneea i?inoi?u io Eeoay aei N?aaeecaiiiii?uey. Enoi?ey, iiaeaeoe,
ia ciaao ae?oaie oaeie iaaeaeoia?iaeiie o?annu, i?ioyaeaiiinoueth nauoa
aeanyoe ouny/ eeeiiao?ia, eioi?ay ioaaouaaea au caiee aeaoo eiioeiaioia.
Ana ioaaoaeaiey Aaeeeiai Oaeeiaiai iooe, eioi?ua aaee a Ainoi/iue
Oo?eanoai e Eeoae, Eiaeeth e THaeiue Eaaeac, E?ai e Aecaioeth e aeaeaa a
Aa?iio, ia?anaeaeenue a Oeaio?aeueiie Acee, ia oa??eoi?ee nia?aiaiiiai
Ocaaeenoaia. Caeanue aieaa aeaoo ouny/aeaoee iacaae i?ioeaaoaee ae?aaiea
ainoaea?noaa – Niaaeeaia, Aaeo?ey, Oi?aci. Iicaeiaa iie ninoaaeee yae?i
Ia?oyineiai e A?aei-Aaeo?eeneiai oea?noa. Ia yoie caiea ia ?oaaaea iiaie
y?u ia?aciaaeinue iiaouanoaaiiay aea?aeaaa EooaiOaee, aeaaoee naia eiy
yoie iaaeno?aee, aue aeaaiui, ii aeaeaei ia aaeeinoaaiiui oiaa?ii ia
ea?aaaiiuo iooyo. Ia aa?aethaeao-aaeo?eaiao, auiineeauo e neeueiuo, ia
?ac au?o/aaoeo eoioeia a aacaiaeiuo ionouiyo e aacethaeiuo noaiyo,
ia?aaiceee ae?aaioeaiiua eaiie e cieioua oe?aoaiey, eia?u e eiaee,
oa?oi? e ecaeaeey ec eaea, noaeeyiiua ninoaeu e i?oaeea, e iiiaia
ae?oaia. A ninoaaa ea?aaaiia, iai?aaeyaoeony a ia?aua aaea iaoae y?u ec
Oa?aaineiai iacena a Eeoae, auee e oaaoiu eiiae, auniei oeaieaoeony a
Iiaeiaaaniie eiia?ee. Ec Oeaio?aeueiie Acee, eae ia Ainoie, oae e ia
Caiaae auaiceeenue naiaia oeaiiaeoeo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo eoeueoo? –
ethoea?iu, ia?neea, aeuie. Iaeeaeaiiia ia?aaeaeaeaiea oiaa?ia ia Aaeeeii
oaeeiaii iooe a ae?aaiea a?aiaia auei ai iiiaii iaycaii niaaeeeoeai,
iniiaaaoei oi?aiaua oaeoi?ee ia aeaaiuo aei?iaao io Naia?eaiaea aei
Oo?oaia. Eoioeu ec Niaaea niaa?oaee iooaoanoaey a E?ai e Aecaioeth.
Aieaa aeaoo ouny/ eao iacaae ia ia?ae?anoeao iaeeaeaiiuo ea?aaaiiuo o?ii
aicieeee iinaeaiey, aeaaoea ia/aei e?oiiaeoei ai?iaeai – Oaoeaioo,
Naia?eaiaeo, Aooa?a, Oeaa, Oa?iaco, Oao?enaaco. Caeanue i?ienoiaeeei
niaoaiea ia?iaeia, aicieeaee e i?eoiaeeee a oiaaeie ainoaea?noaa,
oi?ie?iaaeenue e ?ani?ino?aiyeenue ?aeeaeiciua e oeeinioneea o/aiey io
ci?iano?ecia e aoaeaeecia aei eneaia. Yoe ai?iaea, ?aniieiaeaiiua ia
Aaeeeii oaeeiaii iooe, aiaaou ia oieueei iaiyoieeaie noa?eiu, ii e naiae
enoi?eae, ii?ie neaaiie, ii?ie o?aae/aneie. Iie iiiiyo iaoanoaea
Aeaenaiae?a Iaeaaeiineiai, caaiaaaiey a?aaia, aoi?aeaiea *eiaenoaia. Ii
iiiiyo e i?aaeaiea aaeeeiai o/aiiai Oeoaaaea, oai?aiey eo/oeo iiyoia e
iuneeoaeae Ainoiea.
Oi?aiaoeu e aieiu, iaeiiieee e ienneiia?u ia oieueei i?eaiineee a
Oeaio?aeueioth Aceth naith eoeueoo?o, ii e ia?aieiaee iau/ae ianoiiai
ianaeaiey. Iiiaiaaeiaay eoeueoo?a yoiai e?ay aieoaea o?aaeeoeee
niaaeeeoeaa, aaeo?eeoeaa, oi?acieeoeaa e ae?oaeo ae?aaieo ia?iaeia, n
yeaiaioaie eae ainoi/iie, oae e caiaaeiie, yeeeienoe/aneie
oeeaeeecaoeee.
Ia neo/aeii enoi?e/aneea oeaio?u Naia?eaiaea, Aooa?u e Oao?enaaca, a
oaeaea eiiieaen E/ai-Eaea a Oeaa aianaiu a iniaue nienie THIANEI
“Anaie?iia ianeaaeea”.
Eae ecaanoii, Naia?eaiae n/eoaaony oeaio?ii e aeaaiui ia?ae?anoeii
Oaeeiaiai iooe. Eiaiii caeanue, a Naia?eaiaea, Anaie?iay Oo?enoe/aneay
I?aaiecaoeey (AOI) ioe?uea naie ioen ii ?acaeoeth oo?ecia ia Aaeeeii
oaeeiaii iooe. Noieo ioiaoeoue, /oi naia?eaiaeneia ath?i AOI noaei ii
n/aoo aoi?ui a ie?a (ia?aia iaoiaeeony a yiiineii ai?iaea Inaea). Iiaeii
neacaoue, /oi AOI ioe?uea caeanue naie ai?ioa ia Oaeeiaii iooe. Oaeei
ia?acii AOI iiae/a?eeaaao, /oi ae?aaiee Naia?eaiae yaeyaony aeaaiui
oo?enoe/aneei oeaio?ii Oaeeiaiai iooe. ?anoeaao a?aaeino?ieoaeuenoaa a
Naia?eaiaea i?eoiaeeony ia aiaeu i?aaeaiey Aie?a Oaio?a, eioi?ue a 1370
aiaeo naeaeae ae?aaiee ai?iae naiae noieeoeae. Ec naieo iioiaeia aaeeeee
caaiaaaoaeue i?eaicee eneoniuo ciae/eo, no?ieoaeae, ?aianeaiieeia,
eioi?ua aianoa n ianoiuie ianoa?aie aicaiaeeee aaeeeieaiiua aeai?oeu,
ia/aoe, iaae?ana. No?ieoaeuenoai i?iaeieaeaeinue e i?e iioiieao Aie?a
Oaio?a – oaio?eaeao, eioi?ua e i?eaeaee Naia?eaiaeo caeii/aiiue aeae.
A?aiaeeiciay ia/aoue Aeae-Oaiui, iaacieae Ao?e-Aie? n a?iaieoeae Oaio?a,
eaaaiaea?iay ieiuaaeue ?aaenoai e iae?iiieue Oaoe-Ceiaea, aicaaaeaiiue a
oa/aiea aeecie ianeieueeeo iieieaiee, ii i?aao iacuaatho oaaeaa?aie
n?aaeiaaceaoneiai ciae/anoaa. Aeaai?iaeiay Aooa?a a n?aaeiea aaea auea
n?aaeioi/eai o/aiinoe, caeanue aeaenoaiaaee aieaa noa iaae?ana. A Aooa?a
ia/eiae naith aeayoaeueiinoue Aao Aee eai Neii (Aaeoeaiia). Ai?iae aeae
ie?o iiyoa ?oaeaee, enoi?eea Ia?oaoe. A Aooa?a aieaa noa ni?iea
a?oeoaeoo?iuo iaiyoieeia, e iiaeeeiiie aeai/oaeeiie n?aaee ieo yaeyaony
iaacieae Eniaeea Naiaie, nii?oaeaiiue a ia/aea aeanyoiai aaea.
Oeeoaaeaeue A?e, aaea ?aciauaeanue ?aceaeaioeey aooa?neeo yie?ia, e
ciaiaieoue ieia?ao Eaeyi aicauoathony iaae ai?iaeii eae no?aaee aeeaie
enoi?ee. Ai?iae-iocae Oeaa – iaeei ec iaiiiaeo ai?iaeia ie?a, aaea
i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth nio?aieeanue enoi?e/aneay cano?ieea XVII-XIX
aaeia. E/ai-Eaea – ai?iaeneia yae?i Oeau – e naaiaeiy ioe?uaaao ia?aae
iooaoanoaaiieeaie ae?aaiea ai?ioa, /a?ac eioi?ua iaeiaaea oee ea?aaaiu n
oaeeii. Oaineee aeai?aoe Oao-Oaoee n aa?aiii e iaoe?iui aioo?aiiei
aeai?ii, niai?iay Aeaeoia-ia/aoue, eieinnaeueiue inoia iacaeii/aiiiai
ieia?aoa Eaeueoa-ieii? aeaeatho ai?iae iioiaeei ia iaeeaooth ainoi/ioth
neaceo. Oao?enaac ecaanoai i?aaeaea anaai oai, /oi caeanue a 1336 aiaeo
?iaeeeny Aie? Oaio?. A yoii ai?iaea ii au?in, caeanue iioi?iiai aai
ioaoe Aie? Oa?aae. Nicaeaa a?iiaaeiia ainoaea?noai ni noieeoeae a
Naia?eaiaea, aeanoeoaeue iiiiee e caaioeeny i naiae iaeie ?iaeeia.
Aeai?aoe Ae-Na?ae, aicaaaeaiiue ii aeaeaieth Aie?a Oaio?a, ii?aaeae
nia?aiaiieeia iiioiaioaeueiinoueth iauaiia e aaeeeieaieai oa?ainoaa.
Caeanue aea iaoiaeyony ainaiaee Aei?on-Naiaeao e Aei?on-Oeeyaao n
iaacieaai aeooiaiiai ianoaaieea Aie?a Oaio?a oaeoa Oaineaeaeeia Eoeiea.
Ioaaoaeaiey Aaeeeiai Oaeeiaiai iooe i?ioiaeeee /a?ac Oaoeaio,
Oa?iac,Oa?aaio, Eieaiae, ae?oaea ai?iaea Ocaaeenoaia. Oaoeaio aue iaeiei
ec oceiauo ioieoia ia ea?aaaiiuo aei?iaao. I iai oiiieiaaony aua a
“Aaanoa”, a noa?eiiuo eeoaeneeo o?iieeao. Aeaeeii, ie iaeei ai?iae
Ocaaeenoaia ia eco/ai o/aiuie oae oi?ioi, eae aai noieeoea. Nae/an a
Oaoeaioa ian/eouaaaony nauoa aeaoonio ni?iea a?oaieiae/aneeo iaiyoieeia.
A noa?ie, enoi?e/aneie /anoe ai?iaea iaoiaeyony oaeea auaeathueany
iaiyoieee n?aaeiaaaeiaiai ciae/anoaa, eae iaae?ana Eoeaeueaeao, iaca?
Eaooaeue Oaoe, eiiieaen Aa?ae-oaia. Iaeei ec noa?aeoeo ai?iaeia
Ocaaeenoaia Oa?iac a yiioo n?aaeiaaaeiauey aue e?oiiaeoei oeaio?ii
Oioa?enoaia. I aueii aaee/ee ai?iaea naeaeaoaeuenoaotho a?oeoaeoo?iua
iaiyoieee, nio?aieaoeany ia oa??eoi?ee Noa?iai Oa?iaca e a aai
ie?anoiinoyo. Iaeieie ec iaeaieaa ii/eoaaiuo iaiyoieeia ionoeueiaineiai
ie?a yaeythony onuiaeueieoea Oaeeia ao-Oa?iace, aeooiaiiai iie?iaeoaey
ai?iaea, e iaacieae eaaaiaea?iiai i?i?iea Coeue-Eeoey ia
ino?iaa-caiiaaaeieea Iaeaaiaa?. Iiaeeeiiie nainaoeeae a iao/iii ie?a
noaei ioe?uoea a ?aeiia Noa?iai Oa?iaca ?oei aoaeaeeeneeo o?aiia e
iiianou?ae Aeaeueaa?ceioaia, Oaycoaia, Ea?aoaia, nii?oaeaiiuo a I-II
aaeao, a yiioo Eooaineiai oea?noaa.
Aieaa /aou?ao ouny/ enoi?eei-a?oeoaeoo?iuo iaiyoieeia, oae eee eia/a
naycaiiuo n enoi?eae Aaeeeiai oaeeiaiai iooe, ?aniieiaeaiu ia oa??eoi?ee
io iacenia Oa?aaineie aeieeiu aei ionouiiiai iiaa?aaeuey A?aeueneiai
ii?y. Iie naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i iiiaiaaeiauo o?aaeeoeeyo e aunieie
aeooiaiie eoeueoo?a ia?iaeia, ianaeyaoeo Ocaaeenoai n ae?aaiaeoeo
a?aiai.
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