Eaai Na?aaaae/ Oo?aaiaa (1818 – 1883aa)
?iaeeeny a a. I?ea, ii aieueoay /anoue a?aiaie i?ioea a eiaiee
Nianneia-Eooiaeiiai( eiaiea iaoa?e). iaoue – Aa?aa?a Iao?iaia
Eooiaeiiaa, ioaoe Na?aae Ieeieaaae/ Oo?aaiaa.
1827a – Oo?aaiaa ia?acaeaao a Iineao, /oiau o/eo aeaoae, eoieee aeii.
O/eony Eaai Oo?aaiaa a iaineiia i?e Eaca?aaneii einoeoooa, iaeue/ee
o/eeny oai 6 eao.
1833a – iinooiee a IAO ia neiaanoiia ioaeaeaiea, ii o/eeny oieueei aiae.
Ca yoi a?aiy iiciaeiieeny n A?eaiaaeiaui, Noaieaae/ai, o/eeny
iaeiia?aiaiii n Aa?oeaiii, Aaeeineei, Ea?iiioiaui, Aii/a?iaui.
1834a. – oacaeaao a Iaoa?ao?a e i?iaeieaeaao iao/aiea ia oeeinioneii
oaeoeueoaoa. Iaeiia?aiaiii ieoao noeoe e oeeinioneoth iiyio “Noaii”.
Ia?aaiaeeo n aiaeeeneiai Aae?iia, Oaenie?a.
1838a – caeii/ea Iaoa?ao?aneee einoeooo oacaeaao a Aa?iaieth e
i?iaeieaeaao eco/aoue oeeinioeth a Aa?eeineii oieaa?neoaoa. A Aa?iaiee
i/aiue naeeceeny ni Noaieaae/ai, A?aiianeei e Ieo. Aaeooeiui (oai?aoee
aia?oecia). Aaeoiei noae i?iia?acii ?oaeeia, Aaeoiei aue o?oaeiui e
i?ioeai?a/eaui /aeiaaeii, oiai, oaeaioeea, iaeaaeae neeueiie aieae e a
oiaea a?aiy ii aeaniioe/ai e naiiethaea, aanoea?aiiiii aiaoeaaaony a
/oaeea aeaea, ethaee iio/aoue e ?oeiaiaeeoue ae?oaeie ethaeueie.
1841a – aica?auaaony a Iaoa?ao?a, caeaaao yecaiaiu ia ciaiea iaaeno?a
oeeinioneeo iaoe, ii iieo/ea caaiea inoaaeyao oeeinioeth.
1842 – ciaeiieony n e?oaeeii Aaeeineiai e inoaaony a eeoa?aoo?iie n?aaea
1843 – ieoao iiyio “Ia?aoa”.
1843 – ciaeiinoai n o?aioeocneie iaaeoeae Iieeiie Aea?aei, iia auea
caioaeai, ioaea ia a?ineea, iia ieaoeea Oo?aaiaao iaaeiie ae?oaeaie, ii
aieueoaai aeaoue ia iiaea. Ana n?aaenoaa Oo?aaiaaa auee ioaeaiu yoie
naiuea. Eiaaea ii nia?oaeueii caaieae ?aeii, iia iaioeo/ii auea i?e iai.
1947 – Oo?aaiaa i?eian Iae?aniao a “Nia?aiaiiee” naie ?anneac “Oi?ue e
Eaeeiu/” e eioi?iio Iae?ania naeaeae iiaecaaaeiaie “Ec caienie
ioioieea”. Yoei ?anneacii ia/aeanue eeoa?aoo?iay aeayoaeueiino
Oo?aaiaaa. A yoio aea aiae Oo?aaiaa oaiceo a Aa?iaieth ia ea/aiea
Aaeeineiai. Aaeeineee oie?aao a Aa?iaiee a 1848a.
1848a – aeaeae ?aaiethoeeth ai O?aioeee.
1849a – aeeaao ai O?aioeee e iieoiaao aeii ianoa/ea Eo?oaaeeue, /oiau
auoue aeeaea e Aea?aei.
1850 – iieo/aao ianeaaenoai iinea nia?oe iaoa?e
1850-52 ieoao iueanu “Caao?ae o i?aaeaiaeeoaey”, “Oieinoye” eae?.
1852a – iaienae iae?ieia ia nia?oue Aiaiey ca iaia/aoaiuea yoiai
iae?ieiaa aue a?anoiaai, a iiioii aue nineai ia 1aiae naia eiaiea.
Enoeiiay i?e/eia aai nnueee auea eieaa aioee?aiinoie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a
“Caienee ioioieea”. Iinea inaiaiaeaeaiey aieueooth /anoue aeecie
i?iaiaeeo ca a?ieoeae, ii ii/oe aaeaaiaeii iaaauay ?inneth. 50-a aiaeu,
eiaaea Oo?aaiaa nicaeaao oeaeue ?yae ?iiaiia:
1856 – “?oaeei”
1858 – “Aeai?yineia aiacaei”
1860 – “Iaeaioia”, iinea noaouee Aeia?iethaiaa ia yoio ?iiai ooiaeeo ec
“Nia?aiaiieea”
1862 – “Iooeu e aeaoe”
Iineaaeothuea aiaeu – aeeciue ai O?aioeee, ae?oaeaa n o?aioeocneeie
ienaoaeyie, iiiaea i?iecaaaeaiey eioi?uo auee ia?aaaaeaiy Oo?aaiaaui.
Oo?aaiaa iiiai caeaeae aeey oiai /oiau aa?iiaeneee /eoaoaeue eo/oa ociae
?onneoth eeoa?aoo?o, aai i?iecaaaeaiey ia?aaiaeeeenue ia o?aioeocneee, a
ii nai niinianoaiaae ia?aaiaeo iooeeia, Ea?iiioiai, Aiaiey ia
o?aioeocneee.
1868a – aa?ioeny e ?iiaiai “Aeui”, “iiaue” (1877)
1880a – iineaaeiee ?ac i?eacaeaao a ?inneth ia ioe?uoea iaiyoieea
Iooeeio a Iineaa, ii i?ieciineo aeenoaoaeueioth ?a/ i Iooeeia,
eieeinaeueiue oniao, e iaio aa?ioeanue ethaiaue ?inneeneiai /eoaoaeey
1883 – oia? io ?aea iicaiii/ieea.
Ii caaauaieth oaei auei ia?aaacaii a ?inneth, iioi?iiai a Ia?oa?ao?aa
ia Aieeianeii eeaaeaeua ?yaeii n aaeeineei.
Caienee ioioieea (1847 – 1852 aa)
A ia?aii iiia?a “Nia?aiaiieea” ca 1847a. aue iaia/aoai i/a?e “Oi?ue
e Eaeeiu/”, eioi?ue iieo/ee aunieoth ioeaieo Aaeeineiai: “Oo?aaiaa caoae
e ia?iaeo n oaeie noi?iiu n eaeie aei iaai e iaio aua ieeoi ia
aeioiaeee.” Aaeeineee oeacae, /oi a i/a?ea y?ei ia?eniaaiiu oeiu ?onneeo
e?anoueyi: “Oi?ue, n aai i?aeoe/iui niuneii e i?aeeoe/aneie iaoo?ie, n
aai a?oaui, ii e?aieei e yniui oiii … – oei ?onneiai ioaeeea, oiaaoaai
nicaeaoue naaa cia/auaa iieiaeaiea i?e ianoiyoaeuenoaao aanueia
iaaeaaii?eyoiuo, ii Eaeeiu/ aua aieaa naaaeee e iieiue oei ?onneiai
ioaeeea – yoi iiyoe/aneay iaoo?a a i?inoii ia?iaea”. Oniao i/a?ea “Oi?ue
e Eaeeiu/” ie?ueee Oo?aaiaaa, anei?a a “Nia?aiaiieea” iiyaeyaony ?yae
ae?oaeo i/a?eia, a eioi?uo aaoi? n aieueoei ianoa?noaii aaoi?? ?ane?ue
?acee/iua noi?iiu i?iaeioeeaeueiiai auoa, iiciaeiiee /eoaoaey n ethaeie
?aciiai nioeeaeueiiai iieiaeaiey.
A cai?ieea 1852 aiaea aioei 22 i/a?ea, iicaeiaa aua 3.
Iniiaiay oaia i?iecaaaeaiey acaeiiioiioaiey e?anoueyi e iiiaueeia
i?e e?aiinoiii i?aaa. Aaoi? ?anneacuaaao i ian/anoiuo noaeueaao ethaeae
ec i?inoiai ia?iaea, i aeaaee ia?iaea i aeanoieinoe noa?ino e iiiaueeia.
Ia?acu iiiaueeia
A caieneao ioioieea naoe?e/anee ?aciaea/athony iiiaueee –
e?aiinoieee ?acee/iuo ?aiaia. A i/a?ea “Iaeeiiaay aiaea” aeai ia?ac
aiaaoiai aaeueiiaee noa?iai aaea, a?aoa Iao?a Eeuee/a. Yoi naiiaeo?,
no?anoiue ethaeoaeue iniaie ioiou, aaieaoia, oaeaa?eia. Eoeueoo?iue
ai?eciio I.E. ia?aie/eaaaony auienuaaieai iaeaeieiia ec Ia?eaea. Aai
aacoiiay ?anoi/eoaeueiinoue, aac?acee/ea e noaeueaai e?anoueyi
eii/eeenue aeey iaai ?aci?aieai.
Oaieeueiua ea/anoaa – aacaeaeea e naiiaeo?noai ia?aaeathony ii
ianeaaenoao aai nuio, iieiaeie aa?ei aac/aeiaa/ii iinooiaao n
e?anoueyieiii Aeanii, eioi?ue i?ineo oiaiueoeoue ia?ie.
A i/a?ea “A?iieae e Iaeueieoa” nicaeaaony ia?ac iiiaueea Caa?eiaa e
aai aeaiu. Aeey Caa?eiai o?aae/aneay noaeueaa ai?ie/iie A?eiu,
iiaoaeaiiie ec-ca i?eoioe aa?uie – naiiaeo?ee, anaai eeoue iaeaiueeee
aiaeaeioaoe.
Iaeaieueoae aeoaeiu a ia?eniaea ia?acia iiiaueeia aeinoeaaao
Oo?aaiaa a ia?aca Iaii/eeia ec “Ao?ieno?a”. A iai aaieaeueii aiieiuaiu
/a?ou eeaa?aea ia caiaaeii – aa?iiaeneee iaia? e ?onneiai aa?eia –
naiiaeo?a. Iaii/eei – iieiaeie iiiauee, aaa?aeaeneee ioeoea? a ionoaaea,
aeii iino?iai o?aioeocneeie a?oeoaeoi?aie, /aeiaae ainieoaiiue,
ia?aciaaiiue, eacaeinue ii aiieiuaiiue aoiaieno e oeeaeeeciaaiiue
/aeiaae. Aaeeineee iacaae Iaii/eeia “ ia?caaoeai n oiieeie iaia?aie”.
Ca iaeaeooth i?iaeiiinoue, aa?ei niieieii, ia oa?yy naiiiaeaaeaiey,
eoeueoo?ii i?eeacuaaao ?anii?yaeeony ian/ao Oaaei?a e Oaaei? ooo aea
ioi?aaeai ia iaeacaiea ?icaaie.
A ?anneaca “2 iiiaueea” eioa?anai ia?ac iiiaueea Oeaainieiaa,
Aaeiao?a, Noaaoiiaa, eioa?anii aai ioiioaiea e ioaeeeai, “ioaeeee ia
ia?aaiaeyony”, oioy ii e i?eeiaaao oneeey eo oie/oiaeeoue.
A ?anneaca “oi?ue e eaeeiu/” iiiauee Iieooueei i?e n?aaiaiee ni
naieie e?anoueyiaie O.&
Eaeeeiu/ai auaeyaeeo aeaaeii: iao a iai ie aeaeiaie oaaoee Oi?y, ie
aiaaoie aeooaaiie i?aaiecaoeee Eaeeiu/a.
Ia?acu e?anoueyi
N ia?iiiie oaieioie, ni/onoaeai ieoao Oo?aaiaa i?i ?onneiai
e?anoueyieia. Ienaoaey aieioao iieiaeaiea e?anoueyi: “n ioaeeeii eae n
eoeeie iinooiatho: iiaa?oyo, iiaa?oyo, iieiiatho , aea e a?inyo”.
Aioee?aiinoie/aneee oa?aeoa? “Cai. ioioieea” neacaeny a oii, /oi
Oo?aaiaa i?ace?aao oao ainiiae, eioi?ua niio?yo ia e?anoueyieia, eae ia
ainiiaeneoth eoeeo; e?anoyiei aeeyOo?aaiaaa – /aeiaae, iaaeaeaiiue
ianoiyuei i?e?iaeiui oiii, aeia?ui e iocua/eaui na?aeoeai, i?aenieiaiiue
?acee/iuo oaeaioia. A i/a?eao “Iaaoeu”, “Aaaeei eoa” e ae?. Oo?aaiaa
ia?auaao aieiaiea ia aunieee ii?aeueiue
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