NNN? a ?? A??? I??n???e ??u
I?i
1. I?????a ?? e ???a ??u ????? A???e a ??a ??? NNN?.
2. I????? e ?????? ???u ????o ??? E??? ??e a ????e ??? ??u.
3. I???a y?? ???o ?e??e. E???e ???i a ??a.
4. A??? ??e, ?? e ??????i ???ey a ????? ???.
5. N???a ???????? ????.
6. ??ue NNN? a ???? ???a.
1. I?????a ?? e ???a ??u ????? A???e a ?e? i??a NNN?
Oaoenoneea iieeoeee e no?aoaae ?anniao?eaaee aieio i?ioea Niaaoneiai
Nithca eae ?aoathuee aeo ai?ueau ia iooe e caaiaaaieth ie?iaiai
ainiiaenoaa. I?e yoii aeoea?ianeia ?oeiaiaenoai noaaeei naiae oeaeueth
ia i?inoi ?aca?ii Niaaoneeo Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee e caoaao oa??eoi?ee iaoae
no?aiu, a eeeaeaeaoeeth niaaoneiai iauanoaaiiiai e ainoaea?noaaiiiai
no?iy, oie/oiaeaiea ia?aiai a ie?a nioeeaeenoe/aneiai ainoaea?noaa.
Aioiaynue e aieia i?ioea NNN?, ?oeiaiaeeoaee oaoenoneie Aa?iaiee
ninoaaeee oae iacuaaaiue ieai «Ino», a eioi?ii auei caienaii, /oi «?a/ue
eaeao ia oieueei i ?aca?iia ainoaea?noaa n oeaio?ii a Iineaa.
Aeinoeaeaiea yoie enoi?e/aneie oeaee ieeiaaea ia icia/aei au iieiiai
?aoaiey i?iaeaiu. Aeaei caeeth/aaony nei?ae anaai a oii, /oiau
?aca?iieoue ?onneeo eae ia?iae, ?aciaueoue eo». Oaeei ia?acii, aieia
iaaeaeo oaoenoneie Aa?iaieae e Niaaoneei Nithcii i?eia?aoaea oa?aeoa?
aaneiii?iienniiai aii?oaeaiiiai noieeiiaaiey ainoaea?noa,
i?aaenoaaeyaoeo i?ioeaiiieiaeiua ii naiei iniiaai
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea nenoaiu, aiai?y eia/a, i?eia?aoaea ioe?uoi
eeanniaue oa?aeoa?. Iia ai aanue ?ino iinoaaeea aii?in: auoue eee ia
auoue ainoaea?noao ?aai/eo e e?anoueyi, niaaoneiio nioeeaeenoe/aneiio
iauanoao.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey naieo iieeoe/aneeo oeaeae e no?aoaae/aneeo ieaiia a
aieia i?ioea no?aiu nioeeaeecia aeoea?ianeia ?oeiaiaenoai iiaeeeciaaei
anth iiuue yeiiiieee oaoenoneie Aa?iaiee e ii/oe anao no?ai iiei?aiiie
Aa?iiu, ia?iiiua ethaeneea ?ano?nu, auoeieaiioth a aiaiiuo eaiiaieyo
iiiaiieeeeiiioth a?ieth, aei coaia aii?oaeaiioth nia?aiaiiie aiaaie
oaoieeie.
O????y A???y ????? e ??a n N???? Nith?i, ?e ? n ??i ??? ??????i, ????i e
???????i. Ii ???ao, ???? ??? I??e, O??? e ??eo ??? y?y?? ?? y??? ? ?? e
??th?e ???a n NNN?. «Iu ??? ????ue ??? ???e, — ???e A??? ? ????e n
?????ey? ??o??? ?e 23 ?y?y 1939 a., — ?? ??a o?i, ?e ?????y ? C???.
Ieii/aoaeueii auei ?aoaii iieoe aieiie ia iaoo no?aio a ethea 1940 a.,
anei?a iinea eaieooeyoeee O?aioeee. Oiaaea aea aeoea?ianeea aaia?aeu
i?enooieee e ?ac?aaioea ieaia aieiu.
Ieaie?oy iaiaaeaiea ia Niaaoneee Nithc, iaiaoeei-oaoenoneia
eiiaiaeiaaiea ?ann/eouaaei aeiaeoueny iiaaaeu oae aea, eae iaae Iieueoae
e O?aioeeae, a iaeiie auno?ioa/iie eaiiaiee. Oaa?aiiinoue Aeoea?a e aai
nithcieeia a aiciiaeiinoe «iieieaiiniiai» ?aca?iia NNN? iniiauaaeanue ia
?yaea eiaeiuo auaiaeia i iaaeaeoia?iaeiii e aioo?aiiai iieiaeaiee
Niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa.
Iaiaoeei-oaoenoneia i?aaeoaeuenoai n/eoaei, /oi a aieia n Aa?iaieae
Niaaoneee Nithc a neeo aioeniaaoneie iieeoeee caiaaeiuo aea?aeaa
ieaaeaony a iieeoe/aneie ecieyoeee e ia niiaeao iieo/eoue ecaia ie
iieeoe/aneie iiaeaea?aeee, ie yeiiiie/aneie e aiaiiie iiiiue. Oaea iaeii
yoi, ii i?aaeiieiaeaieth oaoenoneeo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae, aeieaeii auei
iinoaaeoue Niaaoneee Nithc a e?aeia cao?oaeieoaeueiia iieiaeaiea e
aeaoue Aa?iaiee ia?iiiua aiaiiua i?aeiouanoaa.
Ii aua aieueoea iaaeaaeaeu oaoenoneea i?aaeoaee Aa?iaiee aiceaaaee ia
iai?i/iinoue nioeeaeueiiai no?iy Niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa. Iie n/eoaee,
/oi i?e ia?auo aea iaoaea/ao ia o?iioa ne?uoua i?ioeai?a/ey, yeiau
nouanoaothuea iaaeaeo ?aai/eie, e?anoueyiaie, eioaeeeaaioeeae, iaaeaeo
ia?iaeaie, ianaeythueie Niaaoneee Nithc, iaecaaaeii i?eaaaeoo e ioe?uoie
iaaeaeioniaiie ai?ueaa, aeaci?aaiecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiiai aiia?aoa e
e?ooaieth ainoaea?noaa. A ieaie?iaaiee aieiu i?ioea NNN? yoiio oaeoi?o
ioaiaeeeanue ?aoathuay ?ieue.
A?ue ?ae ???oth?o ???e ???e, ????i ??????e ?? ???u ??????i ?????a.
O????a ????u, ???ay a ??o ???e??o ??????e ? ????? ???e ???e, ? ????
??i?o ????i-???/??o, y?????? e ????? ???????, ?????o a ??e ??? ??a A???
I?y???e ???????? ??eth?e. I???i-?????? ???? ????? ??? e ?i ?????? ???
E???????e ???, ?ii??ay ??? ???a NNN?, ?a??? ????? ???? ? ?? ????????e
????e, ????e ????i ????ey. I? ??? ?????e ????? e ?????e E???????e ??? e
N????i ??????a ??y? e ????? ? ??ao ?ny?e ????a ???o e ?a?ueyi ????o
???????e.
Caiunae e?aoein?i/iie eaiiaiee i?ioea NNN? a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a enoiaeee
ec iaaeiioeaiee aeoea?ianeei ?oeiaiaenoaii aianiiniaiinoe Niaaoneeo
Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee. Iaiaoeeee aaia?aeueiue ooaa ciae, /oi E?aniay A?iey e
Aiaiii-Ii?neie Oeio i?ioiaeeee noaaeeth e?oiiie ?ai?aaiecaoeee e
ia?aaii?oaeaiey. Iiyoiio Aeoea? aue oaa?ai, /oi a oa/aiea iaeioi?iai
a?aiaie aianiiniaiinoue Niaaoneeo Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee aoaeao iaoiaeeoueny
ia iaaunieii o?iaia e /oi a ai?ueaa n iaiaoeeeie aii?oaeaiiuie neeaie
iie ia auaea?aeao iiuiiai ia?aiia/aeueiiai oaea?a e aoaeoo ?aca?iieaiu a
ei?ioeee n?ie. Aianoa n oai ?oeiaiaeeoaee oaoenoneie Aa?iaiee n/eoaee,
/oi ?ai?aaiecaoeey e ia?aaii?oaeaiea E?aniie A?iee /a?ac ecaanoiue
i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie iiaoo ?acei oaaee/eoue aa aiaaua aiciiaeiinoe.
Aeoea? oi?iiee aaia?aeueiue ooaa n iiaeaioiaeie ainoi/iiai iioiaea. Aua
a ethea 1940 a. ii cayaee: «*ai nei?aa iu ?aciaueai ?inneth, oai eo/oa».
Y? ??ue ?? ???? a ??? ??a ??u ?i?a N????i Nith? (?? «A???n?»), ?????i a
????a A??? ? 21 ? 18 ???y 1940 a. I? ????? ???e: «A???e? ?????a ?? ???
?? ??? ???ue N???oth ???th a ?? ???????e ???? ?a ? ??, ?e ??o ??i?? ??a
??? A???. N??aae??? ???u ??????i ???? ?????ey ??e ??e ???? ??th ????ue n
??????? N????i Nith? a ???a ??e ?????? ????: ??????a ??a ????ey ????a (
“?????? ??u”) ??? N????i Nith? ?? ????? ? 3-4 ?ny?, ?e y?i ???? ?? E???
A?? ??????? ????th ????? ???? ??e Ae?? – C???y Ae??, ? ???? ? ??? a ??ue
???. A ????? ????? ????ue I??o, E???? E?a Ae??? e ??e ? e?eth A???? –
A?? – A?????.
Eae iieacaea enoi?ey, yoe ?an/aou auee iino?iaiu ia ianea. Iie iioa?iaee
e?ao ai aoi?ie iieiaeia 1941 a.
Ia?aae ?acaycuaaieai aieiu n Niaaoneei Nithcii aeoea?ianeia ?oeiaiaenoai
noiaei na?ueacii oneeeoue Aa?iaieth a yeiiiie/aneii e aiaiiii ioiioaiee,
eniieuecoy iaoa?eaeueiua e ethaeneea ?ano?nu ii/oe anao no?ai Aa?iiu.
Aeoea?ianeiio iieeoe/aneiio e aiaiiiio ?oeiaiaenoao oaeaeinue i?iaanoe a
aeeciue na?eth iieeoe/aneeo e iia?aoeaii-no?aoaae/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee
ianee?iai/iiai oa?aeoa?a aeey ne?uoey caiunea e ieaia aieiu i?ioea NNN?.
Iaeiaei aieueoeinoai yoeo ia?ii?eyoee auei ?ane?uoi niaaoneie
?acaaaeeie, e iie aeaee aeaeaei ia oio yooaeo, ia eioi?ue ?ann/eouaaee
aeoea?ianeea no?aoaae.
2. I????? e ?????? ???u ????o ?o?/ E??? ??e a ????e ??? ??u
Neaaeoao iacaaoue iniiaiua i?e/eiu a?aiaiiuo iaoaea/ E?aniie a?iee a
ia/aea aieiu:
· yeiiiie/aneea e aiaiii-no?aoaae/aneea i?aeiouanoaa Aa?iaiee;
· iiuo aaaeaiey nia?aiaiiie aieiu e i?aainoiaenoai iaiaoeeie a?iee a
oaoie/aneii iniauaiee;
· i?in/aou noaeeineiai ?oeiaiaenoaa a ioeaiea ?aaeueiie aiaiiie
ianoaiiaee;
· ia?aaii?oaeaiea E?aniie a?iee ia auei caaa?oaii e ia/aeo aieiu;
· ?ai?annee i?ioea eiiaiaeiiai ninoaaa Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee NNN? iaeaioia
aieiu;
· neaaay i?ioanneiiaeueiay iiaeaioiaea eiiaiaeiiai ninoaaa.
Iaeaioia aieiu iaaeaeo Aa?iaieae e NNN? eieoeeaoeaa auea a ?oeao
Aeoea?a. Ianoaiiaea aeey iaoae no?aiu i?eieiaea oa?iaeathuee oa?aeoa?.
Niaaoneee Nithc ieacaeny oaeoe/anee a ecieyoeee.
?oeiaiaenoai NNN? a oeaeii i?aaeeueii ioeaieaaei aiaiii-iieeoe/aneoth
ianoaiiaeo e aeaeaei auaiae i iaecaaaeiinoe aiaiiiai noieeiiaaiey n
Aa?iaieae e aa nithcieeaie. Iaeiaei yoi noieeiiaaiea, eae ieacaeinue
aiineaaenoaee, noaei aiciiaeiui ia oieueei ec-ca iiao/eo oneeee a yoii
iai?aaeaiee no?ai aioeniaaoneiai aeiea, ii e aneaaenoaea aeaeaei ia
aacoi?a/iie iieeoeee noaeeineiai ?oeiaiaenoaa, eioi?ay aucuaaea ii
iaiueoae ia?a iaaeiaa?ea ni noi?iiu caiaaeiuo aea?aeaa.
Noaeeieci, a ooaeoai, naiai i?iyaeaiee, a yoi a?aiy iaa?ae naith neeo e
oai naiui nua?ae oiaaea ?ieiaoth ?ieue. Aioo?aiiyy e aiaoiyy iieeoeea
oanii ia?aieaeenue, ieacuaay acaeiiia aeeyiea ae?oa ia ae?oaa.
Einoeaie?iaaiiua noaeaaiua i?ioeannu 1937—1938 aa., ianniaua ?ai?annee,
ia?ooeaoeany ia niaaoneeo ethaeae, ia oieueei iaianee iaainiieieiue o?ii
no?aia, iaane?iaeee a?ieth, oaeoe/anee ?ac?ooeee anth nenoaio oi?aaeaiey
iai?iiie no?aiu, ii e iooieeioee iiiaeo noi?iiieeia nioeeaeecia a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiii ?aai/ai aeaeaeaiee io nioeeaeenoe/aneie eaeae, io
Niaaoneiai Nithca. Iineaaenoaey ?ai?annee, io?eoeaoaeueii iiaeeyaoea ia
?acoeueoaoeaiinoue aiaauo aeaenoaee E?aniie A?iee ia ica?a Oanai,
Oaeoei-Aiea e iniaaiii i?iyaeaoeany a aieia n Oeieyiaeeae, aeiaaaeee
?aoeoaeueiinoe Aeoea?o auno?aa ia/aoue aieio i?ioea NNN?.
Oacen AEI(a) i iaecaaaeiinoe e?ooaiey eaieoaeecia e iiaaaeu
nioeeaeenoe/aneie ?aaiethoeee a ie?iaii ianooaaa o?aeoiaaeny ia Caiaaea
eae i?ia?aiia niaaoneiai yeniaineiiecia. Aeoeaiay iiaeaea?aeea Niaaoneei
Nithcii ?anioaeeeaineie Eniaiee, ianniaua ?ai?annee a NNN?, iioiae
E?aniie A?iee a Caiaaeioth Oe?aeio e Caiaaeioth Aaei?onneth, aieia n
Oeieyiaeeae, aeeth/aiea a NNN? no?ai I?eaaeoeee auno?aeaaeenue oai a
eiae/aneoth oeaii/eo e o?aeoiaaeenue ii-naiaio.
Noaeeieci, a oneiaeyo aanieiaeiie aeeieiiaoee ii nicaeaieth nenoaiu
eieeaeoeaiie aaciianiinoe e caaiaiiue naiei niaie a oaie, auioaeaeai
aue, /oiau iooyiooue ia/aei aieiu, iieoe ia aeiaiai?u a aaaonoa —
naioya?a 1939 a. n oaoenoneie Aa?iaieae i iaiaiaaeaiee, ae?oaee e
a?aieoeao, /ai n aua aieueoae noaiaie iiaei?aae naie iaaeaeoia?iaeiue
aaoi?eoao e onoaoaee naia iieiaeaiea. Eaaia, aioeaiaiiia e
aioeoaoenoneia, aeaeaeaiea auei aeaci?eaioe?iaaii, a ineaaeaiiue
noaeeineei oa??i?ii Eniieeii Eiieioa?ia ieacaeny ia a ninoiyiee
i?iyaeoue naith eaeaeii-iieeoe/aneoth naiinoiyoaeueiinoue.
I?iaiaeeiay NNN? aiaoiyy iieeoeea ieacuaaea nouanoaaiiia aeeyiea e ia
aioo?aiiaa iieiaeaiea a no?aia. Iniaaiii yoi einioeinue eiioeaioeee
iai?iiu no?aiu e ia?ii?eyoee ii aa ?aaeecaoeee. Ana i?aaiu oaeaeaiey, a
oii /enea e a Aii?oaeaiiuo Neeao, eniuouaaee ii?aaeaeaiiia aeeyiea
oeaio?aeueiuo iieeoe/aneeo onoaiiaie ia ana noi?iiu eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
Eiiaiaeiaaiea ?EEA auei ca/anooth neiaaii a naiaiaea auai?a e
iiaeaioiaea i?aaeeiaeaiee i i?iaaaeaiee iai?iieoaeueiuo ia?ii?eyoee aeey
iaeo?aeecaoeee i?eaioiaeaiee i?ioeaieea, e iniaaiii a ioeaiea noaiaie
iianiinoe ia/aea aieiu. Aeinoaoi/ii neacaoue, eaeia neeueiia iaaaoeaiia
aeeyiea a yoii ieaia ieacaei niiauaiea OANN io 14 ethiy 1941 a. A iai, a
/anoiinoe, niiauaeinue, /oi «Aa?iaiey oae aea iaoeeiiii niaethaeaao
oneiaey niaaonei-aa?iaineiai iaeoa i iaiaiaaeaiee, eae e Niaaoneee
Nithc… neooe i iaia?aiee Aa?iaiee ii?aaoue iaeo e i?aaei?eiyoue
iaiaaeaiea ia NNN? eeoaiu anyeie ii/au, a i?ienoiaeyuay a iineaaeiaa
a?aiy ia?aa?inea aa?iaineeo aiene, inaiaiaeeaoeony io iia?aoeee ia
Aaeeaiao, a ainoi/iua e naaa?i-ainoi/iua ?aeiiu Aa?iaiee naycaia, iaaei
iieaaaoue, n ae?oaeie iioeaaie, ia eiathueie eanaoaeuenoaa e
niaaonei-aa?iaineei ioiioaieyi». Oaeoe/anee yoi cayaeaiea
aeaceioi?ie?iaaei Niaaoneea Aii?oaeaiiua Neeu.
Ia eo/ooth ?ieue nua?ae e ae?oaie oaeo: a ethia 1941 a. niaaoneei
aieneai auei cai?auaii aeaenoaiaaoue aeoeaiuie n?aaenoaaie ii naiieaoai
Aa?iaiee e aa nithcieeia, ia?ooaaoeo aicaeooiia i?ino?ainoai NNN?. A
aee?aeoeaa IEAAe iia?aie/iuo aieneai auei neacaii, /oi ia?ooaiey ni
noi?iiu Aa?iaiee «iinyo iai?aaeiaia?aiiue oa?aeoa?… i?e ia?ooaiee
aa?iaineeie naiieaoaie iaoae a?aieoeu i?oaeey ia i?eiaiyoue». Auiieiaiea
yoiai i?eeaca iaa?ioeinue auno?ui ?inoii /enea ia?ooaiee aicaeooiiai
i?ino?ainoaa NNN?, iaoeaeaiiuo ia ?acaaaeeo ianoiinoe, ay?iae?iiia,
ioieoia aeeneieaoeee aiene e ae?oaeo iauaeoia.
Eae au ie ioiineeenue i?aaeoaeuenoaa aieueoeinoaa ainoaea?noa ie?a e
caa?aaoaio a Aa?iia neeo oaoecio, e eaoo 1941 a. auei ynii, /oi
iieeoe/aneee eo?n NNN? ia iaoiaeeo o ieo iiaeaea?aeee e iie aioiau
ioaeaoue aai a aea?oao. Aiaiii-iieeoe/aneay ianoaiiaea a ie?a
neiaeeeanue aeaeaei ia a iieueco Niaaoneiai Nithca, aieia auea
iaecaaaeia.
Oaeei ia?acii, aiieia i/aaeaeii, /oi i?eoiae a Aa?iaiee e aeanoe
Aeoea?a, onoaiiaeaiea oaoenoneie aeeeoaoo?u ni anaie aa iineaaenoaeyie
noaee aiciiaeiu aeaaiaea?y iiiiue e iiaeaea?aeea ?aaeoeeiiiuo e?oaia
eiia?eaeenoe/aneeo ainoaea?noa. A oaiaeo naiei ae/iui eioa?anai iie
aioiau auee iiaea?oaiaaoue noaeueaaie oeaeuo ia?iaeia. I?eia?ii oiio
neoaeao aioethn Aano?ee, Ithioaineee naiai? e any iineaaeothuay iieeoeea
«oie?ioai?aiey» aa?anni?a. Aania?niaeoeaiinoue oaeie iieeoeee, iniaaiii
/a?ac i?ecio a?aiaie, i/aaeaeia anai.
Ae?oaay noi?iia yoiai aii?ina, caneoaeeaathuay ouaoaeueiiai aieiaiey, —
iieeoe/aneee eo?n niaaoneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa a oi iai?inoia aeey no?aiu
a?aiy. Ii-eiiio naaiaeiy cao/ao aeiaiai? 1939 a. n Aa?iaieae «i ae?oaeaa
e a?aieoeao», no?iee niiauaiey OANN io 14 ethiy 1941 a. Ii-iiaiio
ioeaieaathony iiiai/eneaiiua aea?oau niaaonei-oeieyiaeneie aieiu,
ianniauo ?ai?annee. A oaiaeo oaoecio, a ?an/aoa ia iieiua aoaeouea
iiaaaeu e oi?aeanoai nioeeaeenoe/aneeo eaeae auea ?anoiioaia ?aaeueiay
ai?aeinoue niaaoneiai ia?iaea, oieaeaii aai naiiethaea, inei?aeaiu
/anoue e aeinoieinoai.
Aiaiii-iieeoe/aneay ianoaiiaea iaeaioia aieiu ioeaieaaeanue
?oeiaiaenoaii NNN? a oeaeii aa?ii, iaecaaaeiinoue aieiu iiieiaeanue
anaie. A oi aea a?aiy naeaeaiiua ec iaa auaiaeu e caieiaaiay a
niioaaonoaee n ieie iiceoeey a i?aeoe/aneie iieeoeea aeaci?eaioaoeee
niaaoneeo ethaeae e iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai aioeoaoenoneiai aeaeaeaiey
neiauaaee aeayoaeueiinoue aiaiiuo eaae?ia ii iiaeaioiaea E?aniie A?iee e
ioii?o aa?anni?o e ia iaoaee oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie iiaeaioiaea e aieia
oaoenoneie Aa?iaiee e aa nithcieeia.
Ioeai/iay noaaea ia aiciiaeiinoue iooyiooue aieio, aueoe ec
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ecieyoeee, neiaaoue aeeieiiaoe/aneeie ia?aie aiaiiua
ono?aieaiey Aa?iaiee, eiaaea iia oaea ana ?aoeea aeey naay a ioiioaiee
aieiu n Niaaoneei Nithcii e ia niae?aeanue niaethaeaoue aeiaiai? i
iaiaiaaeaiee, ia iiaea aa?aioe?iaaoue aeeeoaeueioth aaciianiinoue NNN?.
E ethith 1941 a. onoaiiaea XVIII nuacaea AEI(a) «niaethaeaoue
inoi?iaeiinoue e ia aeaaaoue aoyiooue a eiioeeeou iaoo no?aio
i?iaieaoi?ai aieiu, i?eaueoei caa?aaaoue aea? /oaeeie ?oeaie», ia
i?aeoeea iaa?ioeanue no?aieaieai anaie n?aaenoaaie iaeneiaeueii aeieai
nio?aieoue iaeo?aeueioth iiceoeeth NNN? a ioiioaiee i?iaeieaeathueony
aiaiiuo aeaenoaee a Aa?iia e ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea.
Iio?aaiinoue a iinoiyiiie aeaiiino?aoeee naiaai iaeo?aeeoaoa aeeyea ia
oi?ie?iaaiea acaeyaeia eiiaiaeiaaiey ?EEA ia iai?iio no?aiu, ia?ooaea
oiae iai?iieoaeueiuo ia?ii?eyoee.
O i?aaenoaaeoaeae eiiaiaeiaaiey ?EEA i?iaeieaeae nio?aiyoueny ia
niioaaonoaothuee aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe auaiae i «neo/aeiinoe» iiaaae aiene
Aa?iaiee a ?acoeueoaoa iaeiaai aacaiey a 1940 a., «neeoeii oaea/ii
neiaeeaoaeny aeey ieo anae ianoaiiaee» a Aa?iia. Iiaeiaiua auaiaeu auee
aeaeaee io ?aaeueiinoe e aeaci?eaioe?iaaee eiiaiaeiaaiea ?EEA, aaee e
iaaeiioeaiea i?ioeaieea.
Aiaiii-iieeoe/aneay ianoaiiaea iaeaioia Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu
1941-1945 aa. aeaaii?eyonoaiaaea iiaeaioiaea oaoenoneie Aa?iaiee e
iaiaaeaieth e, iaiai?io, noaaeea NNN? a oyaeaeaeoea oneiaey, eioi?ua
onoaoaeeenue ?yaeii ioeaie e i?in/aoia i?e au?aaioea aiaiiie iieeoeee.
3. I???a y?? ???o ????. E???e ???i a ??a
Aieia ia/aeanue aoi?aeaieai i?ioeaieea 22 ethiy 1941 a. Ia noi?iia
oaoenoneie Aa?iaiee aunooieee Eoaeey, ?oiuiey, Aaia?ey, Oeieyiaeey.
Niaaoneee Nithc auioaeaeai aue io?aaeaoue aa?anneth oaeoe/anee iaeei.
N?????y e ???????y ??a ????? ??? ??? ?????i ????a ???ue ??a ???o ?o. A ?
?? ??ii ??eytho ?e ??a?o ???a, ?ath?a ?? ??i ????? ?????e.
I??e ??? – ? ??? ??u 22 ethiy 1941 ?? ? ?y?y 1942 ??, ? ???? ???i-?????
?e ?ae N?????i. Y? ?e ????e ??? ??u, ??a E??ay A?ey, ?ny ???? ???, ??
?i??? ???? ???a ????? e ?? oy??a ??????? ?e ??? ?????? ?????.
A??e ??? – ? ????y ????? ??e ?ae N?e???? ? ??a 1943 ??. A y? ??y i???e
???? ???i a ?aea ??u a ??? N????i Nith?.
O??e ??? (1944 – 1945) – ??y ??th?o ??ae N???? A?? ?ae ????? A???? e
??????? ss???, ??a ????a ??? ?? ????th ???u ? ???u NNN? e ???? ?????? ?
??n??e ????e A???? A??u, ??????y ??? ??? A???e e ? ???a???e ???ey??. Ia
???ath?i y?? ???a ??u ??? N???? A??, ????a y???o ????? ? A???, ??? n
?th???e ????? ??ae A?e ? ????e ? ??? ss??e, ?i ??i ????? ?? ??? ???e
??u.
A ia?aue ia?eiae aieiu niaaoneea aienea a i?ea?aie/iuo n?aaeaieyo
iiianee oyaeaeua ii?aaeaiey. Aeoea?ianeei a?ieyi oaeaeinue ie?oaeeoue e
oie/oiaeeoue cia/eoaeueioth /anoue nee Caiaaeiiai, a oaeaea
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiiai e THai-Caiaaeiiai o?iioia. E 9 ethey i?ioeaiee
caoaaoee aieueooth /anoue I?eaaeoeee, caiaaeioth /anoue Aaei?onnee,
eaaiaa?aaeioth Oe?aeio, auoae ia aeaeueiea iiaenooiu e Eaieia?aaeo,
Niieaineo, Eeaao, Eaiaiaoe-Iiaeieueneo. Yoei caeii/eeny ia/aeueiue
ia?eiae aieiu. A ia?eiae n 10 ethey ii 10 naioya?y 1941 a. ?aoathuea
n?aaeaiey ?acaa?ioeenue ia Caiaaeiii iai?aaeaiee iiae Niieaineii, a
?acoeueoaoa eioi?uo i?ioeaiee aia?aua ca Aoi?oth ie?iaoth aieio aue
inoaiiaeai e ieacaeny auioaeaeaiiui ia?aianoe iniiaiua oneeey ia oeaiae.
A aaaonoa-ieoya?a 1941 a. iaiaoeei-oaoenoneea aienea auoee ia aeeaeiea
iiaenooiu e Eaieia?aaeo, ii acyoue ai?iae noiaeo ia niiaee. Ia/aeanue
Eaieia?aaeneay aeieaaea, i?iaeieaeaaoayny 800 aeiae. Ia THai-Caiaaeiii e
THaeiii iai?aaeaieyo i?ioeaiee, ia noiaa iaeaaeaoue Eeaaii o?iioaeueiui
oaea?ii, ia?aeeth/ee iniiaiua oneeey i?ioea aiene Oeaio?aeueiiai e
THai-Caiaaeiiai o?iioia e i?aaei?eiye iiuiia ianooieaiea ia oeaiaao ni
noi?iiu Aiiaey ia tha, n E?aiai/oaneiai ieaoeaea?ia ia naaa?, a
?acoeueoaoa eioi?iai auoae a oue niaaoneei aieneai, iai?iiyaoeiny ia
Aeiai?a.
Ie?oaeea cia/eoaeueioth eo /anoue, ii i?i?aaeny a Aeiiaann e aeiee?iaae
Iaeanno, a caoai iaeaaeae aieueoae /anoueth E?uineiai iieoino?iaa e
auoae e Naaanoiiieth. Aa?ie/aneay iai?iia Iaeannu e Naaanoiiiey ia
ianeieueei ianyoeaa caaea?aeaea i?iaeaeaeaiea iaiaoeeeo aiene.
A ieoya?a 1941 a. iaiaoeei-oaoenoneia eiiaiaeiaaiea, ia?aa?oiie?iaaa
neeu ia caiaaeiii iai?aaeaiee, i?aaei?eiyei ia?aia, a a iiya?a 1941 a. –
aoi?ia ?aoathuea ianooieaiey ia Iineao (iia?aoeey «Oaeooi»). Ia/aeanue
aeoaa ca Iineao. I?ioeaieeo oaeaeinue aueoe ia aeeaeiea iiaenooiu e
niaaoneie noieeoea, iaeiia?aiaiii ia naaa?i-caiaaea iaeaaeaoue Oeoaeiii
e ieii/aoaeueii aeiee?iaaoue Eaieia?aae, ia thaa – caoaaoeoue
?inoia-ia-Aeiio. Ii yoi auee iineaaeiea oniaoe iaiaoeei-oaoenoneeo aiene
a eaiiaiee 1941 a. A ia/aea aeaeaa?y 1941 a niaaoneea aii?oaeaiiua neeu
ia?aoee a eiio?ianooieaiea nia/aea iiae Oeoaeiii e ?inoiaii, a n 5
aeaeaa?y 1941 a. – e iiae Iineaie. A ?acoeueoaoa aeaaiua oaea?iua
a?oiie?iaee a?aaa auee ?acaeou.
A aeaeueiaeoai E?aniay A?iey, caoaaoea no?aoaae/aneoth eieoeeaoeao,
?acaa?ioea iauaa no?aoaae/aneia ianooieaiea ia naaa?i-caiaaeiii,
caiaaeiii, thai-caiaaeiii e thaeiii iai?aaeaieyo, a oiaea eioi?iai
i?ioeaiee iiian ia?iiiua iioa?e e aue ioa?ioai ia 150-400 ei. Oai naiui
ieii/aoaeueii aue ni?aai ieai «aeeoee?eaa» e ?acaayi ieo i
iaiiaaaeeiinoe aeoea?ianeie a?iee.
Oai ia iaiaa, ionoonoaea aoi?iai o?iioa a Aa?iia iicaieeei iaiaoeeiio
eiiaiaeiaaieth ia oieueei ainnoaiiaeoue naie neeu, ii e, ia?anoea ninoaa
AN, aaniie e eaoii 1942 a. ?acaa?iooue iiaia iiuiia ianooieaiea ia
thaeiii e?uea niaaonei-aa?iaineiai o?iioa. Niaaoneea aienea aiiaue
iiianee oyaeaeua ii?aaeaiey a E?uio e iiae Oa?ueeiaii, auioaeaeaiu auee
inoaaeoue Naaanoiiieue, a caoai iiae oaea?aie i?aainoiaeyueo nee
ieacaeenue ioa?ioaiiuie e Ai?iiaaeo, Noaeeia?aaeo e i?aaeai?ueyi
Eaaeacneiai o?aaoa (iia?aoeee iaiaoeei-oaoenoneeo aiene «Ioioa ia een»,
«O?eaea?eeon 1,2», «Aeeueaaeuei», «Aeao 1,2,3», «A?aoioaaea»,
«Yaeaeueaaen»).
Nicaeaeanue oyaeaeay ianoaiiaea. Auea oo?a/aia oa??eoi?ey, ia eioi?ie
aei aieiu i?iaeeaaei 42% ianaeaiey e i?iecaiaeeeinue 2/3 i?iiuoeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee.
Iaae Niaaoneei Nithcii aiiaue iaaenea nia?oaeueiay iianiinoue. Iaeiaei e
a yoeo oneiaeyo niaaoneia ainoaea?noai, eniieuecoy aoi?oth
aiaiii-i?iiuoeaiioth aaco, nicaeaiioth ia Ainoiea (ia O?aea, a Neae?e e
Eacaonoaia) e ia?aie/aiioth aiaiioth iiiiuue nithcieeia, iaoei a naaa
neeu ia oieueei aunoiyoue, ii e a iaeanoi/aiiuo aeoaao iiae
Noaeeia?aaeii e ia Naaa?iii Eaaeaca iaane?iaeoue e inoaiiaeoue iaiaoeeea
aienea. Aeoea?ianeee ieai aiiaue iioa?iae e?ao. Aieaa oiai, aai
ianooiaaoea aienea, ec?anoiaeiaaa ii/oe ana ?aca?au e ?anoyioaoenue ia
ia?iiiii o?iioa, naie ieacaeenue a oyaeaeii iieiaeaiee.
Aoi?ie ia?eiae aieiu ia/aeny 19 iiya?y 1942 a. eiio?ianooieaieai
niaaoneeo aiene iiae Noaeeia?aaeii. Ii aioae a enoi?eth eae ia?eiae
ei?aiiiai ia?aeiia a aieia. A oiaea aai Niaaoneay A?iey aiiaue caoaaoeea
no?aoaae/aneoth eieoeeaoeao, ie?oaeeea e oie/oiaeeea 330-ouny/ioth
a?oiie?iaeo i?ioeaieea, i?i?aaaoothny e Aieaa (iia?aoeee «O?ai», «Iaeue
Naoo?i», «Eieueoei»), caoai iaianea nie?ooeoaeueiia ii?aaeaiea
iaiaoeeei, ?oiuineei, eoaeueyineei e aaiaa?neei aieneai ia N?aaeiai e
Aa?oiai Aeiio, inaiaiaeeea aieueooth /anoue Naaa?iiai Eaaeaca, Aeiiaann,
?yae oeaio?aeueiuo iaeanoae ?innee, i?i?aaea aeieaaeo Eaieia?aaea
(iia?aoeey «Ene?a»). I?ioeaiee aue ioa?ioai ia 500-600 ei. Eeoue iinea
ia?aa?inee cia/eoaeueiuo nee n caiaaea iaiaoeeiio eiiaiaeiaaieth
oaeaeinue eiio?oaea?ii a Aeiiaanna e iiae Oa?ueeiaii noaaeeece?iaaoue
o?iio.
Iiaaaea iiae Noaeeia?aaeii iieiaeeea ia/aei ei?aiiiio ia?aeiio a aieia.
Ii aeoea?ianeia ?oeiaiaenoai aua ia ioeacaeinue io iiiuoie eciaieoue
oiae aieiu a naith iieueco. A ?acoeueoaoa i?aaei?eiyoie oioaeueiie
iiaeeecaoeee aio oaeaeinue e eaoo 1943 a. aeiaanoe /eneaiiinoue
aeaenoaothuae a?iee ia Ainoiea aei 5 iei. 65 oun. /aeiaae, 5850 oaieia e
ooo?iiauo i?oaeee, a oii /enea iiauo oeiia: «Oea?», «Iaioa?a» e
«Oa?aeeiaiae», 54330 i?oaeee, 2980 aiaauo naiieaoia.
Neiioeaio?e?iaaa aieueooth /anoue yoeo nee a ?aeiia Eo?neiai aunooia, a
ethea 1943 a. iaiaoeei-oaoenoneea aienea i?aaei?eiyee o?aouea
no?aoaae/aneia ianooieaiea n ?an/aoii ie?oaeeoue e oie/oiaeeoue
ieeeeiiioth a?oiie?iaeo niaaoneeo aiene ia Eo?neii ieaoeaea?ia
(iia?aoeey «Oeeoaaeaeue»), a caoai ?acaeoue oniao ia tha e ainoie
(iia?aoeey «Iaioa?a»).
Yoio ieai, iaeiaei, aue ni?aai niaaoneeie aieneaie. ?acaaaeaa caiunae
i?ioeaieea, aiaiii-iieeoe/aneia ?oeiaiaenoai NNN? i?eiyei ?aoaiea
i?aaeiaia?aiiui ia?aoiaeii e iai?iia io?aceoue oaea? a?aaa, a caoai
ia?aeoe a eiio?ianooieaiea e iauaa ianooieaiea. Aeey inouanoaeaiey yoiai
ieaia ia Eo?neii iai?aaeaiee auee neiioeaio?e?iaaiu e?oiiua neeu, iyoue
ec oanoe oaieiauo a?iee, ?acaa?ioo ?aca?aiue Noaiiie o?iio.
A oiaea ia/aaoaeny 5 ethey 1943 a. Eo?neie aeoau oaea?iua a?oiie?iaee
i?ioeaieea auee inoaiiaeaiu oaea a oaeoe/aneie aeoaeia, a caoai
iiaeaa?aeenue iiuiui oaea?ai n o?iioa e ia oeaiaao e ioa?ioaiu n
ia?aoiaeii niaaoneeo aiene a eiio?ianooieaiea (iia?aoeee «Eooocia»,
«Iieeiaiaeaoe ?oiyioeaa»). I?ioeaiee ieacaeny auioaeaeaiiui inoaaeoue
I?eianeee e Aaeai?iae-Oa?ueeianeee ieaoeaea?iu. Iaiaoeeiio
eiiaiaeiaaieth i?eoeinue ieii/aoaeueii ioeacaoueny io ianooiaoaeueiie
no?aoaaee e acyoue eo?n ia caoyaeioth iai?iieoaeueioth aieio. Yoi aue
aoi?ie, ?aoathuee yoai a ?acaeoee ei?aiiiai ia?aeiia a Aaeeeie
Ioa/anoaaiiie aieia.
Eniieuecoy aeinoeaiooue oniao, E?aniay A?iey ia?aoea a iauaa ianooieaiea
io Aaeeeeo Eoe aei *a?iiai ii?y. A oiaea Niieaineie no?aoaae/aneie
iia?aoeee (iia?aoeey «Noai?ia»), ianooieaiey a Aeiiaanna e a aeoaa ca
Aeiai? i?ioeaieeo auei iaianaii iiaia nie?ooeoaeueiia ii?aaeaiea e
ni?aaia aai iiiuoea, iie?aynue ia nicaeaiiue ii ?aeai Aeania e Aeiai?
oae iacuaaaiue «Ainoi/iue aae», ia?aaanoe aieio a iiceoeeiiiua oi?iu.
Niaaoneea aienea inaiaiaeeee ainoi/iua ?aeiiu Aaei?onnee, eaaiaa?aaeioth
Oe?aeio, Oaiaineee iieoino?ia, oi?ne?iaaee Aeiai? e i?enooieee e
inaiaiaeaeaieth i?aaiaa?aaeiie Oe?aeiu. Anaai n iiya?y 1942 ii aeaeaa?ue
1943 aa. Niaaoneea aienea i?iaeaeioeenue ia ainoie io 500 aei 1300 ei,
inaiaiaeeea ieiei 50% ieeoie?iaaiiie i?ioeaieeii oa??eoi?ee NNN?.
Ec aeaenoaiaaaoeo ia niaaonei-aa?iaineii o?iioa 236-266 aeeaecee auee
?aca?iieaiu 218. No?aoaae/aneay eieoeeaoeaa ia anao o?iioao aieiu i?i/ii
e ieii/aoaeueii ia?aoea a ?oee Niaaoneie A?iee e aii?oaeaiiuo nee
ae?oaeo ainoaea?noa aioeaeoea?ianeie eiaeeoeee. Oai naiui aue caaa?oai
ei?aiiie ia?aeii a Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieia e anae Aoi?ie ie?iaie
aieia.
O?aoee ia?eiae aieiu i?iaeieaeaeny n 1 yiaa?y 1944 ii 9 iay 1945 aa. A
oiaea yoiai ia?eiaea niaaoneea aii?oaeaiiua neeu iaiineee ii a?aao
ia?anoathuea oaea?u. A 1944 a. i?iaaaeaiu e?oiiaeoea no?aoaae/aneea
ianooiaoaeueiua iia?aoeee, a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?uo niaaoneea aienea
ieii/aoaeueii niyee aeieaaeo Eaieia?aaea, inaiaiaeeee Eaieia?aaeneoth e
Iiaai?iaeneoth iaeanoe, E?ui, Aaei?onneth e aieueooth /anoue
i?aaiaa?aaeiie Oe?aeiu, auoee ia ainoaea?noaaiioth a?aieoeo e
i?aaeai?ueyi Ea?iao e ia oa??eoi?eth ?oiuiee.
Eaoii 1944 a. iinea ioe?uoey caiaaeiuie aea?aeaaaie aoi?iai o?iioa a
Aa?iia, a oiaea iia?aoeee «Aaa?aoeii» e ?yaea ae?oaeo e?oiiuo iia?aoeee
ia naaa?i-caiaaeiii, caiaaeiii, thai-caiaaeiii iai?aaeaieyo auea
inaiaiaeaeaia aieueoay /anoue I?eaaeoeee, any Aaei?onney, Caiaaeiay
Oe?aeia, auaaaeaiu ec aieiu ?oiuiey, Oeieyiaeey, ia/aeinue
inaiaiaeaeaiea Aaia?ee. Aa?iaiey eeoeeanue anao naieo nithcieeia a
Aa?iia. Aieia aieioioth i?eaeeceeanue e ainoi/iui a?aieoeai Aa?iaiee, a
a Ainoi/iie I?onnee ia?aoaaioea eo.
Ceiie e aaniie 1945 a. Niaaoneay A?iey niaianoii n a?ieyie naieo
caiaaeiuo nithcieeia i?iaaea caaa?oathuea no?aoaae/aneea iia?aoeee ia
oa??eoi?ee Aa?iaiee, Aaia?ee, *aoineiaaeee e Aano?ee.
Iaiaoeei-oaoenoneea a?iee auee iieiinoueth ?aca?iieaiu. Aa?iaiey
eaieooee?iaaea. 9 iay 1945 a. noaei aeiai Iiaaaeu iaae oaoenoneie
Aa?iaieae e ieii/aieai aieiu a Aa?iia.
4. Aa?ieci a?iee, ouea e ia?oecaineiai aeaeaeaiey a aeinoeaeaiee iiaaaeu
I??a a A??? I?????? ??a ??a ???? ???, ?i a ???e ???a n ???? ?????th
?????ue ???, eth?? e ???a, ???? ???i ?iy?y? ??u ??e e o??, ??u ????i
????y, ????u e ?????e.
C?? 1943 a. E.N??? ??e i ?i, ?i «…?? ????ue ?iy?? ??e ??o? ?? ? ??a –
?? ???? ??, ? ??? ?? ? ?i ?iy??a ?aayi ??? ??? ??a ? ??o, a ??????e ??a,
n ???i ??? e ????e ? ??? ????oe. Ii ?e ???i a ? ??, ???e, ??? ??? ?
???i, ????oe, ???e ???».
I?? ?y? ??? a ?iy? ??a ??a e ???e, ????? ???? ae?? a ?yo ? ???o, ??o ?e
I.A???i, A.A???, E.Ae???, Ae.E???a, C.E????y??y, A.I???a. Ca ???e ? ???o
A??? I????i?e ??u ??a 11 ?n. ????o ??? ????u ??ey A?iy N????i Nith?, 104
? ?o ???? y? ??? ???, a A.AE??, E.E??? e A.I???? – ???. I???e e ??ey? ??
????? ??a 7 ?i. ?e.
A??e ???eyth?e ??? y??? ?, ?i a ??? n ?????e ?????? ?????e ? ??? ??y, ?
e ?y ???. Ia ??e eth?e a ?? ??a ????ay ??? ?????y ??e ?? ?????i. A??a
?ae? ?? ???ue, ???ue, ???ue, ?????? ???ey? ??? ???, ???th ???o, ?????,
??th?a e ??? ???. ????e ? ??a aei ??a ???e, ???u e ??, ?i ?y a ?? ???ny
????a ???y. E??i ?e y??y ?i ????i, ???e ????e ???? ???a ??u e ??? ???i
??a. Ca ??y ??u ????? ???? e ??eyie ??a 203 ?n. ????? ??, 201 ?e. ???e
??? A?iy N??????e?i ??a. N?? 16 ?i. ??y??y ????? ???th «Ca ????? ?? a
A??? I?????? ??a 1941—1945 ?.».
Y?????? ??e ??? a A??? I?????? ??a ?? ???e????y y???? ???. A ??? ?? ???i
???a ???a ?cye??, ????? ???? ??? e ??.
I???y ? ???? ??? a ??? ?ny? ??u, ?a e ??o 1942 a. ???eay ??????? ????a
??? ??? ???e e ??ey, ?i A???y e ?a ??????? ath ???. Y? ?? ????? ????y
??, ?i ?????i NNN? ??? ?????? e ???i ???? y???eth ?i????o ???ey?e ? ???
???, ???ue ?i ??oth ???-??u???th ??, ????ue y???? ?? ??? ??? ??u.
I??????? ???????? ?e ??? ? ??? y??? ??i ec ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??.
Ii ??e ????oe y? ?????y ???ey, ? ??eth ???a A.AE??a, ????ue ??? «?????
??? ??? ???e ???. A ???a ???i ????y 1941 a. ? ?????? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ????
???i ?? ???? 2593 ?????? ???ey?y. A? ??? ????? e ???e ?e, ??ay? ? ???e
??? ?????? ?a ????th?a ??u ???.
I?? a ??????? ???yo, ???ya ???? ?????y????a ????? a ????? ????e ????
????, ???? ?cy??i ???, ????y ? ?a ????e ???? ???e, ? 1941—1944 ?. ?? ???
4,3 ??. ??a ??a, ?i ????i ? ???? ????? ?????e ??? e ?? a ????o ???y.
Eth? ?? ???????e ??????? ??? ? ??? I????. A??a n ???? ????ue ? ???o,
?iy?yy ???i e ??????i??, ??????e ?? ?c ??th??y ???a, ??ey?? ?? ???th
???o, N???? Nithc, ?????oy ????oth ??? ???a NNN?, i??i ? ???? ????? ???
?ae ????.
Ai ????i ?? ??????? e ???? ?? ?????? ???ea, ???? ???? ?????? ?ay e ??,
??????a ?????. N??e ???ey? ????u ????e ?????? ?? ?????, i???e ???? ??a
???i ???i ????, ???e ???? ??? ???e e ????ey, ??th??, ??? ?????? ???a, ??
?n?oth ??? ? ?????eyo. 127 ?n. ???? ????? ???th «I??c?o I?????? ??? 1-e
e 2-e ???e, ??a 184 ?n. ???? e ????e?a ????? ???? e ??ey? NNN?, a 248
?e. ????u ??ey A?iy N????i Nith?.
N???? ??? e ?????? ???e ???u ?????? ???i ??ey, ???e ???e, ?????a e
??y??y, ???? e ???????e ?ath?thny ???th ???o, ??? ???y? a ?????? ?a
?o???? ????a. Ae????? ? ??y ??u ??u ????y ??o ?????o ????? a ?????? ?
?????u e ? ?o ??. A? y? ????i ???? ??????? ??e e ??a ???? ???e ???? e
??i ??i ? ??th?o ???e ??? ?ae ????? A????.
5. Nicaeaiea aioeaeoea?ianeie eiaeeoeee
Ia?iiiui oniaoii niaaoneie aeeieiiaoee yaeeinue ia?aciaaiea
aioeaeoea?ianeie eiaeeoeee. A oi a?aiy eae oaoenoneee aeie iinoaiaiii
?aniaaeaeny, aioeoaoenoneee nithc, nio?oaeie/anoai NNN?, NOA,
Aaeeeia?eoaiee e O?aioeee, ianiio?y ia ?yae i?ioeai?a/ee, iinoiyiii
oe?aieyeenue. Caiaaeiua aea?aeaau ia oieueei iieeoe/anee iiaeaea?aeeaaee
NNN?, ii e ieacuaaee aio cia/eoaeueioth yeiiiie/aneoth e aiaiioth
iiiiuue, acaeiii eii?aeeie?iaaee naie aiaiiua oneeey, /oi iaania/eei eo
niaianoioth iiaaaeo e, a eiia/iii n/aoa, i?aae?aoeei enoiae anae Aoi?ie
ie?iaie aieiu.
Aioeaeoea?ianeay eiaeeoeey – nithc ainoaea?noa e ia?iaeia, ai?iaoeony ai
aoi?ie ie?iaie aieia 1939-45 i?ioea aa?anneaiiai aeiea aeoea?ianeie
Aa?iaiee, oaoenoneie Eoaeee, ieeeoa?enoneie ssiiiee e eo naoaeeeoia.
Iauaaeeiyea ainoaea?noaa, iaoiaeeaoeany a ninoiyiee aieiu ni no?aiaie
oaoenoneiai aeiea, ii aeeaae ioaeaeueiuo a? o/anoieeia a ?aca?ii a?aaa
aue aanueia ?acee/iui. ?aoathuae neeie aue Niaaoneee Nithc, nua?aaoee
aeaaioth ?ieue a aeinoeaeaiee iiaaaeu. *aou?a ae?oaea aaeeeea aea?aeaau
– NOA, Aiaeey, O?aioeey e Eeoae – oaeaea o/anoaiaaee naieie
aii?oae?iiuie neeaie a ai?ueaa i?ioea aeoea?ianeie Aa?iaiee, a?
nithcieeia a Aa?iia e i?ioea ssiiiee. A oao eee eiuo ianooaaao a aiaiiuo
aeaenoaeyo i?eieiaee o/anoea niaaeeiaiey iaeioi?uo ae?oaeo no?ai –
Iieueoe, *aoineiaaeee, THaineaaee, Aano?aeee, Aaeueaee, A?aceeee,
Eiaeee, Eaiaaeu, Oeeeiiei, Yoeiiee e ae?. Ioaeaeueiua ainoaea?noaa
(iai?eia?, Iaeneea) iiiiaaee iniiaiui a? o/anoieeai aeaaiui ia?acii
iinoaaeaie aiaiiiai nu?uey. Auee, iaeiaei, e oaeea no?aiu, eioi?ua
iauyaeee aieio Aa?iaiee eeoue ia?aae naiui a? ?aca?iiii e ia aianee
eaeiai-eeai aeeaaea a iiaaaeo iaae iauei a?aaii (iai?eia?, Oo?oeey).
E iiiaioo ieii/aiey aiaiiuo aeaenoaee n ssiiieae a ninoiyiee aieiu ni
no?aiaie oaoenoneiai aeiea iaoiaeeeenue: Aano?aeey, A?aaioeia, Aaeueaey,
Aieeaey, A?aceeey, Aaeeeia?eoaiey, Aaianoyea, Aaeoe, Aaaoaiaea,
Aiiaeo?an, A?aoeey, Aeaiey, Aeiieieeaineay ?anioaeeea, Aaeiao, Eiaeey,
E?ae, E?ai, Eaiaaea, Eeoae, Eieoiaey, Einoa-?eea, Eoaa, Eeaa?ey, Eeaai,
Ethenaiao?a, Iaeneea, Ieaea?eaiaeu, Ieea?aaoa, Iiaay Caeaiaeey,
Ii?aaaey, Iaiaia, Ia?aaaae, Ia?o, Iieueoa, Naeueaaaei?, Naoaeianeay
A?aaey, Ne?ey, NNN?, NOA, Oo?oeey, O?oaaae, Oeeeiieiu, O?aioeey,
*aoineiaaeey, *eee, Yeaaaei?, Yoeiiey, THaineaaey, THaeii-Ao?eeaineee
Nithc; aieio aea?aeaaai «ine» iauyaeee oaeaea Aieaa?ey, Aaia?ey, Eoaeey
e ?oiuiey, aoiaeeaoea ?aiaa a ninoaa aa?anneaiiai aeiea. Aiaaui
nithcieeii auei ia?iaeiia nii?ioeaeaiea aa?iaineei, eoaeueyineei e
yiiineei ieeoiaioai e nio?oaeie/aaoei n ieie ?aaeoeeiiiui neeai.
Aeaeaeaiea Nii?ioeaeaiey oe?iei ?acaa?ioeinue a Iieueoa, *aoineiaaeee,
THaineaaee, Aeaaiee, O?aioeee, A?aoeee, Eeoaa, Eiaeiiacee, Aueaoiaia,
Ae?ia, ia Oeeeiieiao e a ae?oaeo no?aiao; iii i?eieiaei oi?iu
aii?oae?iiie ai?ueau, naaioaaea ia i?aaei?eyoeyo e ae?. Na?ue?cioth
iiaeaea?aeeo ieacaee ia?oecaineay ai?ueaa ia ieeoie?iaaiiie aa?anni?ii
oa??eoi?ee NNN?, a oaeaea ?oeiaiaeeiua eiiioienoaie aiaaua
aioeoaoenoneea i?aaiecaoeee a no?aiao oaoenoneiai aeiea – Eoaeee,
?oiuiee, Aieaa?ee, Aaia?ee e a naiie Aa?iaiee, ai?noea aaaeiue aeeaae a
aeaei eeeaeaeaoeee oaoenoneiai ?aaeeia a oeacaiiuo no?aiao.
Ia/aei nicaeaieth auei iieiaeaii cayaeaieyie i acaeiiie iiaeaea?aeea,
naeaeaiiuie i?aaeoaeuenoaaie NNN?, NOA e Aiaeee iinea iaiaaeaiey
aeoea?ianeie Aa?iaiee ia NNN?, aiaei-niaaoneeie e niaaonei-aia?eeaineeie
ia?aaiai?aie eaoii 1941, iiaeienaieai 12 ethey 1941 niaaonei-aiaeeeneiai
niaeaoaiey i niaianoiuo aeaenoaeyo a aieia i?ioea Aa?iaiee, Iineianeei
niaauaieai 1941 o??o aea?aeaa, a oaeaea ?yaeii ae?oaeo niaeaoaiee
iaaeaeo nithcieeaie a aieia i?ioea oaoenoneiai aeiea. 1 yiaa?y 1942 a
Aaoeiaoiia auea iiaeienaia Aeaeea?aoeey 26 ainoaea?noa, eioi?ua
iaoiaeeeenue e oiio a?aiaie a ninoiyiee aieiu n Aa?iaieae, Eoaeeae,
ssiiieae e eo nithcieeaie; a Aeaeea?aoeee niaea?aeaeinue iaycaoaeuenoai
no?ai eniieueciaaoue ana aiaiiua e yeiiiie/aneea ?ano?nu, eioi?uie iie
?aniieaaaee, aeey ai?ueau i?ioea oaoenoneeo ainoaea?noa e ia caeeth/aoue
n ieie naia?aoiiai ie?a. A aeaeueiaeoai nithciua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo
o/anoieeaie auee ne?aieaiu ?yaeii iiauo aeieoiaioia: niaaonei-aiaeeeneei
aeiaiai?ii 1942 i nithca a aieia i?ioea aeoea?ianeie Aa?iaiee e a?
niiauieeia a Aa?iia e i nio?oaeie/anoaa e acaeiiie iiiiue iinea aieiu
(iiaeienai 26 iay), niaeaoaieai iaaeaeo NNN? e NOA i i?eioeeiao,
i?eiaieiuo e acaeiiie iiiiue a aaaeaiee aieiu i?ioea aa?annee (11 ethiy
1942), niaaonei-o?aioeocneei aeiaiai?ii 1944 i nithca e acaeiiie iiiiue
(caeeth/?i 10 aeaeaa?y), iinoaiiaeaieyie Oaaa?aineie (iiya?ue-aeaeaa?ue
1943), E?uineie (oaa?aeue 1945) e Iionaeaineie (etheue-aaaono 1945)
eiioa?aioeee aeaa i?aaeoaeuenoa NNN?, NOA e Aaeeeia?eoaiee.
Ia i?ioyaeaiee anae aieiu aioo?e ai?ieenue aeaa iieeoe/aneea eeiee –
eeiey NNN?, iineaaeiaaoaeueii e iaoeeiiii aeiaeaaaoaainy i?eiyoey
?aoaiee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia aeinoeaeaiea auno?aeoae iiaaaeu e ?ac?aaioeo
aeaiie?aoee, i?eioeeiia iineaaiaiiiai ono?ienoaa ie?a, e eeiey caiaaeiuo
aea?aeaa, no?aieaoeony iiae/eieoue aaaeaiea aieiu e ?aoaiea iineaaiaiiuo
i?iaeai naiei eiia?eaeenoe/aneei eioa?anai. Yoe aeaa eeiee i?ioeainoiyee
ae?oa ae?oao i?e ii?aaeaeaiee oeaeae aieiu, eii?aeeiaoeee aiaiiuo
ieaiia, au?aaioea iniiaiuo i?eioeeiia iineaaiaiiiai ie?iiai
o?aaoee?iaaiey, nicaeaiee iiaiai iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaia ii
iiaeaea?aeaieth ie?a e aaciianiinoe – I?aaiecaoeee Iauaaeei?iiuo Iaoeee,
e o. ae. Ni noi?iiu i?aayueo e?oaia NOA e Aiaeee aeiioneaeenue a?oaua
ia?ooaiey nithcie/aneeo iaycaoaeuenoa ii ioiioaieth e NNN?, /oi
iaoiaeeei nai? au?aaeaiea a caoyaeaaiee ioe?uoey aoi?iai o?iioa a Aa?iia
n oeaeueth iaeneiaeueii iaane?iaeoue e ineaaeoue Niaaoneee Nithc, a
iaiaeiie?aoiuo caaea?aeeao n iinoaaeaie aio aii?oaeaiey, a
i?aaei?eieiaaoeony ca nieiie NNN? iiiuoeao ?acee/iuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae
i?aayueo e?oaia aeiaiai?eoueny n aeoea?ianeie Aa?iaieae i caeeth/aiee
naia?aoiiai ie?a. Iaeiaei iiaaaeu niaaoneeo aii?oae?iiuo nee,
iineaaeiaaoaeueiay eeiey NNN? ia oe?aieaiea nithcie/aneeo ioiioaiee, a
oaeaea i?ioeai?a/ey iaaeaeo eiia?eaeenoe/aneeie ainoaea?noaaie aeaee
aiciiaeiinoue a oeaeii oniaoii ni?aaeoueny n caaea/aie, aicieeaaoeie ia
i?ioyaeaiee anae aieiu, aieioue aei iiaaaeu iaae Aa?iaieae, a caoai e
ssiiieae. Ii oaea anei?a iinea ieii/aiey aieiu ?oeiaiaeyuea e?oae
caiaaeiuo aea?aeaa noaee i?iaiaeeoue iaae?oaeanoaaiioth, a caoai e yaii
a?aaeaeaaioth iieeoeeo a ioiioaiee NNN? e aicieeoeo iinea aieiu
ainoaea?noa ia?iaeiie aeaiie?aoee. Iineaaeiei e?oiiui iieeoe/aneei
aeoii, niaianoii inouanoaeaiiui a yoie neiaeiie ianoaiiaea ainoaea?noaa,
yaeeenue ?ac?aaioea e caeeth/aiea a oaa?aea 1947 ie?iuo aeiaiai?ia n
Eoaeeae, Aieaa?eae, Aaia?eae, ?oiuieae e Oeieyiaeeae.
NOA e Aiaeey aianoa ni naieie caiaaeiuie nithcieeaie, anooiea ia iooue
?acaycuaaiey aiiee aii?oaeaiee, nicaeaiey aa?anneaiuo
aiaiii-iieeoe/aneeo aeieia, aoiiiiai oaioaaea, ?aciauaiey naieo
aii?oae?iiuo nee e aiaiiuo aac aaeieue a?aieoe NNN? e ae?oaeo no?ai
nioeeaeecia, iieiaeeee ia/aei «oieiaeiie aieia», ?acei iaino?eaoae anth
iaaeaeoia?iaeioth ianoaiiaeo.
6. ??ue NNN? a ???? ???a
Aoi?ay ie?iaay aieia caaa?oeeanue iieiui ?aca?iiii aa?iaineiai oaoecia e
yiiineiai ieeeoa?ecia. Aaeeeay Ioa/anoaaiiay aieia niaaoneiai ia?iaea
yaeyeanue aa aaaeiaeoae ninoaaiie /anoueth. Ia niaaonei-aa?iaineii
o?iioa auee ?acaeou 607 aeeaecee i?ioeaieea. Aa?iaiey iioa?yea a aieia n
NNN? 10 iei. /aeiaae (80% aa aiaiiuo iioa?ue). Iioa?e Niaaoneiai Nithca
auee cia/eoaeueii auoa – 27 iei. /aeiaae e iaeia o?aoue iaoeeiiaeueiiai
aiaaonoaa. ?acoeueoaoii iineaaiaiiie yeoeinei-iionaeaineie nenoaiu
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaiee noaea iiaay aaiiieeoe/aneay neooaoeey,
iniiaaiiay ia iino?iaiee aeaoaeieiaiai i?ioeainoiyiey – NOA e Caiaaeiie
Aa?iiu i?ioea NNN? e Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu.
Enoi?e/aneay ?ieue NNN? ai Aoi?ie ie?iaie aieia caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
Niaaoneee Nithc aue aeaaiie aiaiii-iieeoe/aneie neeie, iaoneiaeaoae
iiaaaeiue oiae aieiu, aa ?aoeoaeueiua ?acoeueoaou e a eiia/iii eoiaa –
caueoo ia?iaeia ie?a io ii?aaiuaiey oaoeciii.
Iauay ioeaiea ?iee NNN? a aieia ?ane?uaaaony a neaaeothueo eiie?aoiuo
iieiaeaieyo:
1. Niaaoneee Nithc – aaeeinoaaiiay a ie?a neea, eioi?ay a ?acoeueoaoa
aa?ie/aneie ai?ueau inoaiiaeea a 1941 a. iai?a?uaiia iiaaaeiia oanoaea
aa?annee oaoenoneie Aa?iaiee ii Aa?iia.
Yoi aeinoeaiooi a oio ia?eiae, eiaaea iiuue aeoea?ianeie aiaiiie iaoeiu
auea iaeaieueoae, a aiaiiua aiciiaeiinoe NOA oieueei ?acaa?ouaaeenue.
Iiaaaea iiae Iineaie ?acaayea ieo i iaiiaaaeeiinoe aa?iaineie a?iee,
niinianoaiaaea iiaeuaio aeaeaeaiey Nii?ioeaeaiey e oe?aieea
aioeaeoea?ianeoth eiaeeoeeth.
2. NNN? a iaeanoi/aiiuo n?aaeaieyo n aeaaiie neeie oaoenoneiai aeiea-
aeoea?ianeie Aa?iaieae aeiaeeny ei?aiiiai ia?aeiia a oiaea Aoi?ie
ie?iaie aieiu a iieueco aioeaeoea?ianeie eiaeeoeee a 1943 a.
Iinea ii?aaeaiey iiae Noaeeia?aaeii Aa?iaiey, a ca iae e ssiiiey ia?aoee
io ianooiaoaeueiie aieiu e iai?iieoaeueiie. A Eo?neie aeoaa
ieii/aoaeueii neiieaia niiniaiinoue aeoea?ianeie a?iee i?ioeainoiyoue
ianooieaieth niaaoneeo aiene, a oi?ne?iaaiea Aeiai?a ioe?uei iooue e
inaiaiaeaeaieth Aa?iiu.
3. Niaaoneee Nithc a 1944 – 1945 aa. auiieiee inaiaiaeeoaeueioth ienneth
a Aa?iia, eeeaeaee?iaaa oaoenoneia ainiiaenoai iaae aieueoeinoaii
ii?aaiuaiiuo ia?iaeia, nio?aiea eo ainoaea?noaaiiinoue e enoi?e/anee
ni?aaaaeeeaua a?aieoeu.
4. Niaaoneee Nithc aian iaeaieueoee aeeaae a aaaeaiea iauae aii?oaeaiiie
ai?ueau e ?aca?iiee iniiaiua neeu a?iee aeoea?ianeiai aeiea, iaoneiaea
yoei iieioth e aaciaiai?i/ioth eaieooeyoeeth Aa?iaiee e ssiiiee.
5.Aeooiaiay iiuue niaaoneiai ia?iaea, aucaaaoay ianniaue aa?ieci ia
o?iioa e a oueo. Ni?aaaaeeeaua inaiaiaeeoaeueiua oeaee aieiu naeaeaee aa
iienoeia Aaeeeie, Ioa/anoaaiiie, Ia?iaeiie.
E?? A??ie I?????? ??u – ???a ??????? ???? ?????? ia ???a ?????. Y? ??e
?????i ?e?????tho, ?i ???e ?????? n ???th ???e ?? ??? a ?ith ??? ??????
?? n ?????i ?? ????? ???? ? ???.
E?????e ?? ??: ?y ?? ??u ??iy? ??, ??u ????ua, ??????a e ???? ???ey ??
??eth??o ?e ??? ??????, ??oth??????i ??a ??????. I????i ???? ?????? ???a
??, ????? ???y ????? ????a.
1418 aeiae Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu – yoi ia oieueei aaaeiaeoay
ninoaaiay /anoue aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu, ii e e?oiiaeoaa aiaiiia
noieeiiaaiea anao a?aiai. Ie iaeii ec ieo ia aoyioei iaiin?aaenoaaiii a
iaeanoi/aiiua n?aaeaiey oaeia ia?iiiia /enei ethaeae, ia
nii?iaiaeaeaeinue oaeeie aeaaioneeie /aeiaa/aneeie e iaoa?eaeueiuie
iioa?yie. Ei iiiaei /a?oai yoiai niauoey i?eiaieiu i?eeaaaoaeueiua
i?aainoiaeiie noaiaie. Ii iiaeii ioiaoeoue e neeueiaeooth
i?ioeai?a/eainoue: n iaeiie noi?iiu, – e?aeia iani?aaaaeeeaua, iianiua
aeey anaai ie?a oeaee aa?anni?a, i?ae?anii i?aaieciaaiiiai, iao/aiiiai e
aii?oaeaiiiai. Oaoenoneia ?oeiaiaenoai ia naycuaaei naay ieeaeeie
ii?iaie ii?aee e i?aaa, iniaaiii ioiineoaeueii “iaa?eeneeo ia?iaeia”. N
ae?oaie noi?iiu, – yoi naiua aunieea oeaee caueou ?iaeeiu e anaai
/aeiaa/anoaa, yoi ioaeanoai a?iee e ia?iaea, niiniaiuo i?aacieoe
i?ioeaieea e a aiaiiii eneonnoaa, e a aiaaie oaoieea.
Iiaaaeeaoea ai aoi?ie ie?iaie aieia aea?aeaau o/?aaeeee a Ith?iaa?aa
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue o?eaoiae, e 21 aa?iaineiio eeaea?o ai aeaaa n Aa?eiaii
auei i?aaeuyaeaii iaaeiaiea a niaa?oaiee aiaiiuo i?anooieaiee.
Iaeeiiaaeoeaoue /aeiaae i?eaiai?eee e nia?oiie eacie, o?ieo – e
iiaeeciaiiiio caeeth/aieth, /aoaa?uo – e ?acee/iui oth?aiiui n?ieai.
Aa?eia io?aaeeny ca /an aei eacie, inoaeueiua aeanyoue auee iiaaoaiu.
Aeinoeaeaieai aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu auei nicaeaiea I?aaiecaoeee
Iauaaeeiaiiuo Iaoeee – i?aaiecaoeee aeaenoaeoaeueii anaie?iie, n
yooaeoeaiuie aiciiaeiinoyie iiaeaea?aeaiey ie?a, aeoeaii i?iaeieaeathuae
naith aeayoaeueiinoue e a iaoa ianiieieiia a?aiy.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
1. A??ay I?????ay ??a, 1941-1945: A??i-?o????a ???. A 4 ?. (?AI. I????
???e e ?.) – I.: I??, 1998-1999 ?. (Ei. 1: N??? ????y. – 1998, Ei. 2:
I???. – 1998, Ei. 3: I?????a. – 1999, Ei. 4: I?? e ??a. – 1999).
2. A???, A.E., ????, A.I. E??ey A??? I?????? ??u.- /I? ?ae. A. O?????. –
NIa.: I??, 2009.
3. A???, A.A., ????, A.I. e ae?. I??n???y e??ey: ??. ???a ?y ?????o ??a:
/ ?ae ?ae. A. A. O?????. – NIa.: I??, 2005.
4. A???, TH.E. Ae???? N21 // ???y XXI. 1997. N1-2. N.156-159.
5. A??a, I.A. I??o ??? N??i a 1941 a.? (? ??a??o ???a) // I?ay e ???ay
???y. 1992. N 1.
6. N???ay ???y y?????y a 4-o o. – I.: ?ae-? ?e II NNN?, 1979.
7. A??a, I.A. I?????? ???? ??u: (??? i ????? ???? ???e A??? I??????
??u). I.:1995.
8. A???, Y.E. O??a ???e a ?? A??? I?????? ??u. 1941-1945 / ?AI. Ei-o ?n.
???e a ?o?ae. n ?-?i ?. I???. – I.: 2000.
9. Ae???, A.A. E??ey ???e n ????? ??? ? ??o ?ae a ???? e ???o. -I.:
I???o, 2009.
10. E??ey ???e: ???a ???a ?y ????a ??a. /I? ?ae. A.A. I?y?, A.I. I???e.
-E?. 3-a, ???a. e ?i. – I.: TH??-Ae?a, 2009.
11. E??, O.A. A??? ??u ???? ??u. //A??i-?????? ??ae. 1990. N 2. N.24-25.
12. I????, A. A. I???? ????? ???? ??u. //A??i-?????? ???. 1993. N 5.
N.51-58.
13. Ia ?? ??u: A?????y ????a A??? I??n???e. (N?o.: I.E. A????, I.
A???a). – NIa.: O????a ?????a “I???a”, 1999.
14. I???, I.E. A??????a ???? a NNN?: 1941 – 1945 ?. (?AI, Ei-o ?n. ???e,
?a. ?ae.: A.A. E?a?a). – I.: 1999
15. ??????, E.I. Eth??a ??? NNN? a A??? Io?????e ??a. (?AI, Ei-o
?oe.-??o. ???., Oe?? ????? ?????). – I.: 1999.
16. N??n, A.ss. O?? ???????a. E?? A??? I??n???e. 1939-1941. – I.:1997.
17. O??? ?? ???: A??ay I?????ay ??a a ??? e ?????, 1950-80-a ??: A??.
?o. – I., 2000.
18. N??n, A.ss. O?? ??????e?. I.: 1999.
19. O????, N.E. Io I?? e Ae??? ? Ae?a e A??: ???? ??e ????? ????? A???e
?ae N?????i e A???? (?y?ue 1942 ?? – ???ue 1943 ??). – A???: E?. AAO,
1999.
20. O????a, A.A.I?????ay ???y a ??? e ?????yo: ??i? ???a ?y ??a. –
N.-Ia.: ?ae-? «I??», 2006.
21. O???a, A.E. O? ???e a a?u A??? I?????? ??u 1941-45 ?.: A????. ??.
?o. N??a, 2000.
22. 1418 ?? ??u. Ec ?????? i A??? I?????? ??a. – I.,E?-? ?????? ?????,
1990
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