Ieienoa?noai ia?aciaaiey e iaoee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Oaaea?aeueiia aaaionoai ii ia?aciaaieth
Ni/eineee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao oo?ecia e eo?i?oiiai aeaea
Oeeeae a a. Aiaia.
?inney a aiaeu a?aaeaeaineie aieiu.
?aoa?ao ii
eo?i?oieiaee
nooaeaioee 2 eo?na
a?oiiu 03-NO-A-3
Ia?ouiiae/ Aeaiu
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue:
Eooa?aiei I.E.
Aiaia-2005.
Iaeaaeaiea.
1. I?e/eiu a?aaeaeaineie aieiu no?.3
2. Oiae a?aaeaeaineie aieiu no?.4
3. Ieii/aiea a?aaeaeaineie aieiu no?.9
I?e/eiu a?aaeaeaineie aieiu.
Enoi?eee aei neo ii? nii?yo i a?aiaie ia/aea a?aaeaeaineie aieiu a
?innee, eia/a aiai?y — ia/aea aii?oaeaiiie ai?ueau iaaeaeo aieueoeie,
ioiinyueieny e ?acee/iui eeannai e nioeeaeueiui a?oiiai iannaie
ethaeae ca ainoaea?noaaiioth aeanoue.
A?iciuie ca?ieoeaie a?aaeaeaineie aieiu auee oaa?aeueneea oee/iua aie
1917 a., niauoey, ciaiaiiaaaoea niaie ?aneie iauanoaa ia noi?iiieeia e
i?ioeaieeia ?aaiethoeee, eaaeiiia?acii ia?anoaaooth eo acaeiioth
iaoa?ieiinoue (etheueneea aeie, ei?ieeianeia aunooieaiea, e?anoueyia
iia?iiu iiiaue/ueeo eiaiee inaiueth 1917 a.).
Aaaeiaeoei oaaii e a?aaeaeaineie aieia noaei ianeeuenoaaiiia niauaiea
A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa e caoaao ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe
aieueoaaeeaie, a oaeaea iineaaeiaaaoee anei?a ?acaii anaia?iaeii
eca?aiiiai O/?aaeeoaeueiiai nia?aiey. Ii e iinea yoiai aii?oaeaiiua
noieeiiaaiey iineee eieaeueiue oa?aeoa?.
Eeoue n eiioea 1918 a. aii?oaeaiiay ai?ueaa i?eia?aoaao
iauaiaoeeiiaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Yoiio niinianoaiaaee eae aeaenoaey
Niaaoneie aeanoe (oneeaiiay iaoeeiiaeecaoeey caaiaeia e oaa?ee,
caeeth/aiea “iioaaiiai”, ii au?aaeaieth naiiai A.E.Eaieia, A?anoneiai
ie?a, /?acau/aeiua aeae?aou ii i?aaiecaoeee oeaaicaaioiaie), oae e oaae
aa i?ioeaieeia (iyoaae *aoineiaaoeeiai ei?iona). Eiaiii yoi a?aiy
o?aaeeoeeiiii n/eoaaony ia/aeii iniaiai ia?eiaea a enoi?ee iaoaai
Ioa/anoaa — ia?eiaea a?aaeaeaineie aieiu. Caeii/eeny ii a oeaeii a
iiya?a 1920 a. n eeeaeaeaoeeae iineaaeiaai a Aa?iiaeneie ?innee aaeiai
o?iioa (a E?uio).
Iniaaiiinoueth a?aaeaeaineie aieiu a ?innee auei aa oaniia ia?aieaoaiea
n aiaiiie eioa?aaioeeae aea?aeaa Aioaiou. Iia aunooieea aeaaiui oaeoi?ii
caoyaeaaiey e iaino?aiey e?iaaaie “?onneie nioou”.
Aiaoeaaynue ai aioo?aiiea aeaea ?innee ia noi?iia aieueoaaenoneeo nee,
caiaaeiua aea?aeaau no?aieeenue i?aaeioa?aoeoue ?aniiecaiea
nioeeaeenoe/aneie ?aaiethoeee ii anaio ie?o, ecaaaeaoue
iiiaiieeeea?aeiuo iioa?ue io iaoeeiiaeecaoeee eiouanoaa eiino?aiiuo
a?aaeaeai, i?iaaaeaiiie Niaaoneie aeanoueth, e aa ioeaca auiea/eaaoue
aeieae oea?neiai e A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Ii?aaeaeaiiua e
aeinoaoi/ii aeeyoaeueiua e?oae Aioaiou auiaoeaaee aua iaeio, iaaeanioth
oeaeue: ii aiciiaeiinoe ineaaeoue ?inneth eae naiaai aoaeouaai
iieeoe/aneiai e yeiiiie/aneiai eiieo?aioa a iineaaiaiiii ie?a,
?acae?iaeoue aa, ioi?aaoue ie?aeiiua oa??eoi?ee.
Oiae a?aaeaeaineie aieiu.
Ia?eiae a?aaeaeaineie aieiu e eioa?aaioeee aeinoaoi/ii /aoei aeaeeony ia
/aou?a yoaia:
Yoaiu aieiuI yoaiII yoaiIII yoaiIIV yoai1918eiiaoe 1918 – ia/aei
191919191920Aeaaiua niauoey A?aaeaeaineie aieiu e
eioa?aaioeeeia?o-ai?aeue: aunaaeea eiino?aiiuo aiene a Io?iainea
(Aiaeey, O?aioeey, NOA) e Aeaaeeainoiea (Aiaeey, O?aioeey, NOA, ssiiiey)
iae: ainnoaiea *aoineiaaoeeiai ei?iona (Iiaieaeuea, Neae?ue, Aeaeueiee
Ainoie)
eaoi: ooaa?aeaeaiea yna?i-iaiueoaaenoneeo i?aaeoaeuenoa (Naia?a, Oiine,
A?oaiaaeuene)
eaoi-inaiue: ianooieaiea Aeia?iaieue/aneie a?iee aaia?aea Aeaieeeia
(Naaa?iue Eaaeac)
etheue 1918-oaa?aeue 1919: ianooieaiea aaia?aea E?aniiaa (Aeii,
Oea?eoeui);
naioya?ue: ia/aei ianooieaiey E?aniie A?iee ia Ainoi/iii o?iioaiiya?ue
1918-ai?aeue 1919: ieeoiaoeey Iaeannu e Naaanoiiiey – O?aioeeae,
Iiai?inneenea, Aaooia – O?aioeeaeia?o 1919-yiaa?ue1920: ai?ueaa E?aniie
A?iee n aieneaie aaeie?aea Eie/aea (Iiaieaeuea, Neae?ue)
iae e ieoya?ue: ianooieaiea aaia?aea THaeaie/a ia Iao?ia?aae
aania 1919-ia/aei 1920: ai?ueaa E?aniie A?iee n aieneaie aaia?aea
Aeaieeeia (THa ?innee, Oe?aeia)
eaoi 1920-ia/aei 1920: ianooieaiea E?aniie A?iee i?ioea aiene aaia?aea
Ieeea?a (Naaa? ?innee)iae-ieoya?ue: Niaaonei-iieueneay aieia
etheue-aeaeaa?ue: ?aca?ii aiene aaia?aea A?aiaaey (E?ui)
Ia?aue yoai ioaaouaaao a?aiy n eiioea iay ii iiya?ue 1918 a.
Aua a ia?oa – ai?aea 1918 a.- ia ie?anoiinoyo ?innee noaee iiyaeyoueny
aienea Aioaiou. A Io?iainea aunaaeeeenue aiaee/aia, o?aioeocu,
aia?eeaioeu, ai Aeaaeeainoiea — aiaee/aia, o?aioeocu, aia?eeaioeu,
yiiioeu. Iicaeiaa aiaeeeneea aienea iiyaeeenue a Oo?eanoaia e
Caeaaeacuea. ?oiuiey ieeoie?iaaea Aanna?aaeth. Iaeiaei eiino?aiiua
yeniaaeeoeeiiiua ei?iona auee iaaaeeee e ia iiaee caiaoii aeeyoue ia
aiaiioth e iieeoe/aneoth neooaoeeth a no?aia. A oi aea a?aiy i?ioeaiee
Aioaiou — Aa?iaiey — ieeoie?iaaea I?eaaeoeeo, /anoue Aaei?onnee,
Caeaaeacuey e Naaa?iiai Eaaeaca. Iaioeu oaeoe/anee ainiiaenoaiaaee e ia
Oe?aeia: caeanue iie naa?aee ao?aeoacii-aeaiie?aoe/aneoth Oeaio?aeueioth
?aaeo, iinoaaea o aeanoe aaoiaia I.I.Nei?iiaaeneiai.
A yoeo oneiaeyo Aa?oiaiue niaao Aioaiou ?aoee eniieueciaaoue 45-ouny/iue
*aoineiaaoeeee ei?ion, iaoiaeeaoeeny a aai iiae/eiaiee. Ii ninoiye ec
ieaiiuo nieaeao-neaayi aano?i-aaiaa?neie a?iee e neaaeiaae ii aeaeaciie
aei?iaa ai Aeaaeeainoie aeey iineaaeothuae ia?aa?inee ai O?aioeeth. 25
iay 1918 a. ia/aeinue aai aii?oaeaiiia aunooieaiea, ooo aea
iiaea?aeaiiia anaie aioeaieueoaaenoneeie neeaie. A ?acoeueoaoa a
Iiaieaeuea, ia O?aea, a Neae?e e ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea — aacaea naa?aiooa
Niaaoneay aeanoue. Iaeiia?aiaiii ai iiiaeo oeaio?aeueiuo aoaa?ieyo
?innee e?anoueyia, iaaeiaieueiua i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiie iieeoeeie
aieueoaaeeia, iiaeiyee aioeniaaoneea ainnoaiey.
Nioeeaeenoe/aneea ia?oee (aeaaiui ia?acii, i?aaua yna?u), iie?aynue ia
aeanaiou eioa?aaioia, /aoineiaaoeeee ei?ion e iianoai/aneea
e?anoueyineea io?yaeu, ia?aciaaee ?yae i?aaeoaeuenoa: a A?oaiaaeuenea,
Oiinea, Aooaaaaea e ae?. A Naia?a aicieeei yna?i-iaiueoaaenoneia
i?aaeoaeuenoai Eiio/ (Eiieoao O/?aaeeoaeueiiai nia?aiey). A iaai aioee
/eaiu O/?aaeeoaeueiiai nia?aiey, ?aciaiaiiiai aieueoaaeeaie.
A naiae aeayoaeueiinoe nioeeaeenoe/aneea i?aaeoaeuenoaa iuoaeenue aeaoue
“aeaiie?aoe/aneoth aeueoa?iaoeao” eae aieueoaaenoneie aeeeoaoo?a, oae e
ao?aeoacii-iiia?oe/aneie eiio??aaiethoeee. Eo i?ia?aiiu aeeth/aee
o?aaiaaiey nicuaa O/?aaeeoaeueiiai nia?aiey, ainnoaiiaeaiey iieeoe/aneeo
i?aa anao aac eneeth/aiey a?aaeaeai, naiaiaeu oi?aiaee e ioeaca io
aeanoeie ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeaiaioaoeee oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
e?anoueyi (n nio?aiaieai iaeioi?uo iieiaeaiee niaaonoeiai Aeae?aoa i
caiea), iaeaaeeaaiey “nioeeaeueiiai ia?oia?noaa” ?aai/eo e eaieoaeenoia
i?e aeaiaoeeiiaeecaoeee i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee e o.ae.
I?ioea aieueoaaeeia aunooieee e eo iaaeaaiea nithcieee — eaaua yna?u. Ia
V Nuacaea Niaaoia (etheue 1918 a.) iie iio?aaiaaee ioiaieoue
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiioth aeeeoaoo?o, ?anoi?aiooue A?anoneee ie?,
eeeaeaee?iaaoue eiiaaaeu. 6 ethey eaaue yna? ss.A.Aethieei oaee
aa?iaineiai a?aoa Ie?aaoa. Eaaua yna?u caoaaoeee ?yae caeaiee a Iineaa,
ia/aeny iano?ae E?aiey. I?iecioee aunooieaiey a ss?ineaaea, Io?iia,
?uaeinea e ae?oaeo ai?iaeao. Aieueoaaeeai, iaeiaei, oaeaeinue auno?i
iiaeaaeoue yoe aunooieaiey.
I?aaia ao?aeoacii-iiia?oe/aneia e?uei aioeaieueoaaenoneiai eaaa?y a oi
a?aiy aua ia ii?aaeeinue io ?aca?iia naiaai ia?aiai iineaieoya?ueneiai
aii?oaeaiiiai iaoenea ia Niaaoneoth aeanoue (/ai ai iiiaii e
iauyniyeanue “aeaiie?aoe/aneay ie?anea” ia/aeueiiai yoaia a?aaeaeaineie
aieiu). Aaeay Aeia?iaieue/aneay a?iey, eioi?oth iinea aeaaee
E.A.Ei?ieeiaa a ia?oa 1918 a. aicaeaaee A.E.Aeaieeei, iia?e?iaaea ia
ia?aie/aiiie oa??eoi?ee Aeiia e Eoaaie. Eeoue eaca/ueae a?iee aoaiaia
I.I.E?aniiaa oaeaeinue i?iaeaeiooueny e Oea?eoeuio, a o?aeueneei eacaeai
aoaiaia A.E.Aeooiaa — caoaaoeoue I?aiao?a, io?acaa oai naiui Oo?eanoai
io oeaio?a no?aiu.
Iieiaeaiea Niaaoneie aeanoe e enoiaeo eaoa 1918 a. noaei e?eoe/aneei.
Iiae aa eiio?ieai iaoiaeeeanue eeoue /aoaa?oue oa??eoi?ee auaoae
?inneeneie eiia?ee.
Niaaoneay ?anioaeeea — aaeeiue aiaiiue eaaa?ue.
Ioaaoiua aeaenoaey aieueoaaeeia auee ?aoeoaeueiu e oeaeaiai?aaeaiiu.
?uoeay e iaaieueoay E?aniay A?iey, nicaeaiiay a yiaa?a 1918 a. ia
aeia?iaieue/aneie iniiaa, iinea ia/aaoeony n iay-ethiy ?aaoey?iuo
i?ecuaiuo aic?anoia ?aai/eo, e?anoueyi e aiaiiuo niaoeeaeenoia,
i?aa?auaaony a a?ieth eaae?iaoth, no?iai aeenoeeieeie?iaaiioth (aei 1
iei. /ae. e eiioeo 1918 a.).
Neaaeoy i?iaa?aiiie oaeoeea eiioeaio?e?iaaoue a ?aoathuee iiiaio e ia
?aoathuai iai?aaeaiee iaeneioi nee naieo noi?iiieeia, aieueoaaeee
i?iaaee niaoeeaeueiua eiiioienoe/aneea e i?ionithciua iiaeeecaoeee ia
Ainoi/iue o?iio. Ia?aa?ineee ooaea aienea ec ae?oaeo ?aeiiia.
Aeiaeaoenue /eneaiiiai i?aeiouanoaa iaae i?ioeaieeii, a?iee Ainoi/iiai
o?iioa a naioya?a 1918 a. ia?aoee a ianooieaiea. Ia?aie iaea Eacaiue, ca
iae — Neiae?ne, a ieoya?a — Naia?a. E ceia E?aniay A?iey iiaeioea e
O?aeo. Auee ioaeou iaiaeiie?aoiua iiiuoee E?aniiaa iaeaaeaoue
Oea?eoeuiii.
Aieueoea eciaiaiey i?ienoiaeyo e a niaaoneii oueo. Aieueoaaeee aua a
eiioea oaa?aey 1918 a. ainnoaiiaeee nia?oioth eaciue, ioiaiaiioth II
Nuacaeii Niaaoia, cia/eoaeueii ?anoe?eee iieiiii/ey ea?aoaeueiiai
i?aaia A*E, A naioya?a 1918 a., iinea iieooaiey ia Eaieia e oaeenoaa
?oeiaiaeeoaey iao?ia?aaeneeo /aeenoia I.N.O?eoeeiai, NIE iauyaee i
e?aniii “oa??i?a” i?ioea eeoe, “i?eeiniiaaiiuo e aaeiaaa?aeaeneei
i?aaiecaoeeyi, caaiai?ai e iyoaaeai”. Aeanoe a ianniaii ii?yaeea noaee
a?aoue caeiaeieeia ec n?aaeu aeai?yi, ao?aeoacee e eioaeeeaaioeee.
Iiiaea ec ieo auee caoai ?anno?aeyiu. A oii aea aiaeo a ?anioaeeea
ia/eiaao ?acaa?ouaaoueny naoue eiioeeaaa?ae.
Iinoaiiaeaieai AOeEE a naioya?a 1918 a. Niaaoneay ?anioaeeea auea
iauyaeaia “aaeeiui aiaiiui eaaa?ai”. Ana ia?oeeiua, niaaoneea e
iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee nin?aaeioi/eeenue ia iiaeeecaoeee ethaeneeo e
iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia aeey iiaaaeu iaae a?aaii. A iiya?a 1918 a. aue
nicaeai Niaao ?aai/ae e e?anoueyineie iai?iiu iiae i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaii
Eaieia. Inaiueth 1919 a. Niaaou ai o?iioiauo e i?eo?iioiauo ?aeiiao auee
iiae/eiaiu /?acau/aeiui i?aaiai — ?aaiethoeeiiiui eiieoaoai. A ethia
1919 a. ana nouanoaiaaaoea oiaaea niaaonoeea ?anioaeeee — ?inney,
Oe?aeia, Aaei?onney, Eeoaa, Eaoaey e Ynoiiey — caeeth/eee aiaiiue nithc,
nicaeaa aaeeiia aiaiiia eiiaiaeiaaiea, iauaaeeiea oi?aaeaiea oeiainaie,
i?iiuoeaiiinoueth, o?ainii?oii.
Yeiiiie/aneay e aaeieieno?aoeaiay nenoaia, neiaeeaoayny a Niaaoneie
?innee a aiaeu a?aaeaeaineie aieiu, iieo/eea, iacaaiea “aiaiiiai
eiiioiecia”. A iaeanoe i?iiuoeaiiinoe iia au?aaeaeanue a iaeneiaeueiii
nin?aaeioi/aiee n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa a ?oeao ainoaea?noaa: a iiya?a
1920 a. iaoeeiiaeecaoeey, ioaaoeaoay oaea e?oiioth e n?aaeithth
i?iiuoeaiiinoue, ?ani?ino?aieeanue e ia iaeeoth i?iiuoeaiiinoue.
Oi?aaeyea ainoaea?noaaiiui naeoi?ii. yeiiiieee aeanoei oeaio?aeeciaaiiay
nenoaia — ANIO, aai oeaio?u e aeaaee.
Aeaeueiaeoaa ?acaeoea iieo/ee i?eioeei i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiie aeeeoaoo?u. A
yiaa?a 1919a. auea aaaaeaia i?iae?acaa?noea: ainoaea?noai noaei ecuiaoue
o e?anoueyi ana eceeoee oeaaa (eiiaaea — e iaiaoiaeeiua ei caianu). A
1920 a. ?acaa?noea onoaiaaeeaaaony ia ea?oioaeue, iaiue e ae?oaea
naeueneioicyenoaaiiua eoeueoo?u.
Aeaiueae a aiaiiuo oneiaeyo no?aieoaeueii iaanoeaieaaeenue: iianaianoii
aaiaeeeanue iieaoa ca o?oae iaoo?ie. Aanieaoiui noaei ieoaiea aeey
aeaoae, aeey ?aai/eo i?iiuoeaiiinoe e aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa,
aeeeuea e o?ainii?o. Oe?iei ?ani?ino?aieeanue o?aaieoaeueiay iieaoa
o?oaea. Aaiaeeeanue o?oaeiaay iiaeiiinoue: a 1918 a. — aeey
i?aaenoaaeoaeae “yenieoaoaoi?neeo eeannia”, a 1920 a. — anaiauay.
Iiiaeie /a?oaie “aiaiiue eiiioieci”, neiaeeaoeeny iiae aeeeoaoii
/?acau/aeiie ianoaiiaee, iaiiieiae oi aaneeanniaia, naiaiaeiia io
oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiuo ioiioaiee iauanoai aoaeouaai, eioi?ia aieueoaaeee
n/eoaee naiei eaeaaeii – ionthaea e aai iacaaiea. I?e/ai, a aeacao
iiiaeo aieueoaaeeia yoi auee ioithaeue ia /?acau/aeiua, auioaeaeaiiua
ia?u, a niaa?oaiii caeiiiia?iua oaae a aa?iii iai?aaeaiee — e
nioeeaeecio e eiiioiecio. Iaaea?ii iiiaea aiaiii-eiiioienoe/aneea ia?u
auee i?eiyou a 1920 a., eiaaea aieia oaea caoeoea.
A ia?oa 1918 a. ia naiai VII nuacaea ?inneeneay nioeeae-aeaiie?aoe/aneay
ia?oey (aieueoaaeeia) ioeoeeaeueii niaieea iacaaiea — iia noaea
iacuaaoueny ?inneeneie eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oeae (aieueoaaeeia). Ia VIII
nuacaea ?EI(a) auea i?eiyoa iiaay i?ia?aiia ia?oee, a eioi?ie aeaaiie
oeaeueth i?iaicaeaoaeinue iino?iaiea nioeeaeenoe/aneiai iauanoaa a
?innee.
N iiya?y 1918 a. ia/eiaaony iiaue, aoi?ie yoai a?aaeaeaineie aieiu e
eioa?aaioeee. E yoiio a?aiaie na?ueacii eciaieeinue iaaeaeoia?iaeiia
iieiaeaiea. Aa?iaiey e aa nithcieee iioa?iaee iieiia ii?aaeaiea a
ie?iaie aieia e neiaeeee i?oaeea ia?aae Aioaioie. A Aa?iaiee e
Aano?i-Aaia?ee i?iecioee ?aaiethoeee. ?oeiaiaenoai ?NON? aiioee?iaaei
A?anoneee ie?iue aeiaiai?, e iiaia Aa?iaineia i?aaeoaeuenoai auei
auioaeaeaii yaaeoe?iaaoue naie aienea ec ?innee. A Iieueoa, I?eaaeoeea,
a Aaei?onnee, ia Oe?aeia aicieeee ao?aeoacii-iaoeeiiaeueiua
i?aaeoaeuenoaa, eioi?ua ooo aea i?eiyee noi?iio Aioaiou.
Ii?aaeaiea Aa?iaiee aunaiaiaeeei cia/eoaeueiua aieineea eiioeiaaiou
Aioaiou e iaeiia?aiaiii ioe?uei aeey iaa oaeiaioth e ei?ioeoth aei?iao e
Iineaa n thaa. A yoeo oneiaeyo ?oeiaiaenoai Aioaiou neeiieeinue e iunee
?aca?iieoue Niaaoneoth ?inneth neeaie nianoaaiiuo a?iee. A eiioea iiya?y
1918 a. aiaei-o?aioeocneay yneaae?a iiyaeeanue o *a?iiii?neeo aa?aaia
?innee. A Aaooia e Iiai?inneenea aunaaeeeenue aiaeeeneea aeanaiou, a
Iaeanna e Naaanoiiiea — o?aioeocneea. Iauay /eneaiiinoue
nin?aaeioi/aiiuo ia thaa ?innee aiene eioa?aaioia auea aeiaaaeaia e
oaa?aeth 1919 a. aei 130 oun. /ae. Cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eeenue eiioeiaaiou
Aioaiou ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea (aei 150 oun. /ae.) e ia Naaa?a (aei 20
oun. /ae.).
Ia aac aeaaeaiey Aioaiou iaeiia?aiaiii i?ienoiaeeo ia?aa?oiie?iaea nee a
?inneeneii aioeaieueoaaenoneii eaaa?a. E enoiaeo inaie 1918 a. aiieia
auyaeeanue ianiiniaiia oia?aiiuo nioeeaeenoia i?iaanoe a ianoaiiaea
ino?aeoaai a?aaeaeaineiai i?ioeainoiyiey i?iaicaeaoaiiua eie
aeaiie?aoe/aneea ?aoi?iu. Ia i?aeoeea eo i?aaeoaeuenoaa ieacuaaeenue
iiae ana aieueoei eiio?ieai eiina?aaoeaiuo, i?aauo nee, oo?a/eaaee
iiaeaea?aeeo o?oaeyueony e a eiioea eiioeia auioaeaeaiu auee onooieoue
naia ianoi — aaea ie?ii, a aaea e iinea aiaiiiai ia?aai?ioa — ioe?uoie
aiaiiie aeeeoaoo?a. Yoio i?iaae niinianoaiaae au?aaioea iiaie iiceoeee
aaaeoueo nioeeaeenoe/aneeo ia?oee. A eiioea 1918 — ia/aea 1919 aa. eo
eeaea?u aunooieee n ioeoeeaeueiui inoaeaeaieai aii?oaeaiiie ai?ueau n
Niaaoneie aeanoueth. A ioaao AOeEE ioiaiee ?aoaiea ia eneeth/aiee yna?ia
e iaiueoaaeeia ec Niaaoia. Ii yoi iaei /oi eciaieei a eo iieiaeaiee. Iie
ii-i?aaeiaio oi e aeaei iiaeaa?aaeenue ?ai?anneyi ni noi?iiu A*E e
i?aeoe/anee aeaenoaiaaee a iiaeiieuea (iniaaiii i?aaua yna?u). ?aaeueii
auee eaaaeeciaaiu eeoue oa nioeeaeenoe/aneea a?oiie?iaee, eioi?ua
iauyaeee i naiai i?eciaiee Niaaoneie aeanoe (/anoue eaauo yna?ia e
aia?oenoia, yna?u-iaeneiaeenou, ioeieiaoeany io ia?oee i?aauo yna?ia a
1919 a., a?oiia “Ia?iae” e ae?.).
A Neae?e a iiya?a 1918 a. e aeanoe i?eoae aaeie?ae A.A.Eie/ae,
i?iaicaeaneaoee naay Aa?oiaiui i?aaeoaeai ?innee. Ia Naaa?a n yiaa?y
1919 a. Aeaaainoaoth ?ieue ea?ae aaia?ae A.E.Ieeea?, ia naaa?i-caiaaea
— aaia?ae I.I.THaeaie/. Ia THaa oe?aieyaony aeeeoaoo?a eiiaiaeothuaai
Aeia?iaieue/aneie a?iee aaia?aea A.E.Aeaieeeia, eioi?ue a yiaa?a 1919
a. iiae/eiee naaa Aeiineoth a?ieth aaia?aea I.I.E?aniiaa e nicaeae
iauaaeeiaiiua aii?oaeaiiua neeu THaa ?innee.
Oiae niauoee iieacae, iaeiaei, iieioth aaciaaeaaeiinoue ieaiia
aioaioianeeo no?aoaaia iia?aoueny a ?innee i?aeiouanoaaiii ia
nianoaaiiua oouee. Ano?a/ay oii?iia nii?ioeaeaiea ianoiiai ianaeaiey e
e?aniia?iaeneeo /anoae, eniuouaay ia naaa eioaineaioth aieueoaaenoneoth
i?iiaaaiaeo, nieaeaou Aioaiou ia/aee ioeacuaaoueny io o/anoey a ai?ueaa
i?ioea Niaaoneie aeanoe. Aeaei aeioei aei ioe?uouo ainnoaiee a
aioaioianeeo aieneao. Iianaynue iieiie aieueoaaecaoeee yeniaaeeoeeiiiuo
ei?ionia, Aa?oiaiue niaao Aioaiou i?enooiee a ai?aea 1919 a. e eo
n?i/iie yaaeoaoeee. *a?ac aiae ia oa??eoi?ee iaoae no?aiu — e oi ia
aeaeueieo aa ie?aeiao — inoaeenue eeoue yiiineea eioa?aaiou.
E?aniay A?iey oniaoii ioaeea oiaaea aea i?aaei?eiyoua ianooieaiey ia
Ainoi/iii e THaeiii o?iioao. A ia/aea 1919 a. Niaaoneay aeanoue aiiaue
ooaa?aeeeanue ia aieueoie /anoe I?eaaeoeee e Oe?aeiu.
Aaniie 1919 a. ?inney anooiaao a o?aoee, naiue oyaeaeue yoai
a?aaeaeaineie aieiu. Eiiaiaeiaaiea Aioaiou ?ac?aaioaei ieai i/a?aaeiiai
aiaiiiai iioiaea. Ia nae ?ac, eae ioia/aeinue a iaeiii ec aai nae?aoiuo
aeieoiaioia, aioeaieueoaaenoneay ai?ueaa aeieaeia auea au?aaeaoueny a
eiiaeie?iaaiiuo aiaiiuo aeaenoaeyo ?onneeo aioeaieueoaaenoneeo nee e
a?iee ninaaeieo nithciuo ainoaea?noa.
Aaaeouay ?ieue a i?aaenoiyuai ianooieaiee ioaiaeeeanue aaeui a?ieyi, a
aniiiiaaoaeueiay — aieneai iaeuo iia?aie/iuo ainoaea?noa (Oeieyiaeee e
Iieueoe), a oaeaea aii?oaeaiiui oi?ie?iaaieyi ao?aeoaciuo i?aaeoaeuenoa
Eaoaee, Eeoau e Ynoiiee, nio?aieaoeo eiio?ieue iaae /anoueth naieo
oa??eoi?ee. Ana iie iieo/eee uaae?oth yeiiiie/aneoth e aiaiioth iiiiuue
Aiaeee, O?aioeee e NOA. Oieueei eie/aeiaoeai e aeaieeeioeai auei
ia?aaeaii ca ceio 1918/1919 aa. ieiei ieeeeiia aeioiaie, ianeieueei
ouny/ ioeaiaoia, ieiei 1200 i?oaeee, oaiee e naiieaou, aiai?eianu e
iaioiaee?iaaiea ia ianeieueei nioai ouny/ /aeiaae.
Aiaiii-no?aoaae/aneay ianoaiiaea caiaoii iaino?eeanue ia anao o?iioao.
Ao?aeoaciua i?aaeoaeuenoaa Ynoiiee, Eaoaee e Eeoau auno?i ?ai?aaieciaaee
naie a?iee e ia?aoee a ianooieaiea. A oa/aiea 1919 a. Niaaoneay aeanoue
a I?eaaeoeea auea eeeaeaee?iaaia. 18-ouny/iay a?iey I.I.THaeaie/a ia?aea
iaaeaaeiue oue aeey iia?aoeee i?ioea Iao?ia?aaea. Ii yoi ia iiiiaei
aaia?aeo. I.I.THaeaie/ aeaaaeaeu (aaniie e inaiueth) iuoaeny iaeaaeaoue
ai?iaeii, ii anyeee ?ac iaoaea/ii.
A ia?oa 1919 a. oi?ioi aii?oaeaiiay 300-ouny/iay a?iey A.A.Eie/aea
?acaa?ioea ianooieaiea n Ainoiea, iaia?aaaynue niaaeeieoueny n
aeaieeeioeaie aeey niaianoiiai oaea?a ia Iineao. Caoaaoea Ooo,
eie/aeiaoeu n aiyie i?iaeaaeenue e Neiae?neo, Naia?a, Aioeeineo, ii
anei?a auee inoaiiaeaiu E?aniie A?ieae. A eiioea ai?aey niaaoneea aienea
iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai N.N.Eaiaiaaa e I.A.O?oica ia?aoee a ianooieaiea e
eaoii i?iaeaeioeenue aaeoaue Neae?e. E ia/aeo 1920 a. eie/aeiaoeu auee
ieii/aoaeueii ?acaeou, a nai aaeie?ae a?anoiaai e ?anno?aeyi.
Eaoii 1919 a. oeaio? aii?oaeaiiie ai?ueau ia?aianoeeny ia THaeiue o?iio.
3 ethey a?iey A.E. Aeaieeeia a 100 oun. ooueia e naaaeue ia/aea
aeaeaeaiea ia Iineao. E na?aaeeia inaie iia caoaaoeea Eo?ne e I?ae. Ii
oaea e eiioeo ieoya?y aienea THaeiiai o?iioa (eiiaiaeothuee A.E.Aai?ia)
?aca?iieee aaeua iieee, a caoai noaee oanieoue eo ii anae eeiee o?iioa.
Inoaoee aeaieeeineie a?iee, ai aeaaa eioi?uo a ai?aea 1920 a. anoae
aaia?ae I.A.A?aiaaeue, oe?aieeenue a E?uio. A oaa?aea-ia?oa 1920 a.
E?aniay A?iey caiyea Io?iaine e A?oaiaaeuene.
*aoaa?oue e iineaaeiee yoai a?aaeaeaineie aieiu i?eoiaeeony ia a?aiy n
iay ii iiya?ue 1920 a.
25 ai?aey iieueneay a?iey, nia?yaeaiiay ia n?aaenoaa Aioaiou, aoi?aeanue
a i?aaeaeu Niaaoneie Oe?aeiu e 6 iay caoaaoeea Eeaa. 14 iay ia/aeinue
oniaoiia eiio?ianooieaiea e?aniuo aiene. E na?aaeeia ethey iie auoee ia
a?aieoeo n Iieueoae.
Iieeoath?i OeE ?EI(a), yaii ia?aioeaiea nianoaaiiua neeu e iaaeiioeaiea
neeu i?ioeaieea, iinoaaeei ia?aae aeaaiui eiiaiaeiaaieai E?aniie A?iee
no?aoaae/aneoth caaea/o: n aiyie aieoe ia oa??eoi?eth Iieueoe, acyoue aa
noieeoeo e nicaeaoue ana iaiaoiaeeiua aiaiii-iieeoe/aneea oneiaey aeey
i?iaicaeaoaiey a no?aia aeanoe Niaaoia. Ii cayaeaieth naieo
aieueoaaenoneeo aiaeaeae, yoi auea iiiuoea i?iaeaeiooue “e?aniue ooue”
aaeoaue Aa?iiu e oai naiui “?anoaaaeeoue caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneee
i?ieaoa?eao”, iiaeoieeiooue aai ia ie?iaoth ?aaiethoeeth.
Iiiuoea yoa ieii/eeanue eaoano?ioie. Aienea Caiaaeiiai o?iioa
(eiiaiaeothuee I.I.Oooa/aaneee) a aaaonoa 1920 a. auee iaaieiao ?acaeou
e ioeaoeeenue iacaae. A ieoya?a aiththuea noi?iiu caeeth/eee ia?aie?ea,
a a ia?oa 1921 a. — ie?iue aeiaiai?. Ii aai oneiaeyi e Iieueoa ioioea
cia/eoaeueiay /anoue eneiiiuo caiaeue Oe?aeiu e Aaei?onnee.
Caaa?oee a?aaeaeaineoth aieio ?aca?ii ?onneie a?iee aaia?aea
I.I.A?aiaaey. A oiaea aiaaie iia?aoeee n 28 ieoya?y ii 16 iiya?y aienea
THaeiiai o?iioa iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai I. A.O?oica iieiinoueth iaeaaeaee
E?uiii.
Ieii/aiea a?aaeaeaineie aieiu.
Aeey naiie ?innee A?aaeaeaineay aieia e eioa?aaioeey noaee aaee/aeoae
o?aaaaeeae. Oua?a, iaianaiiue ia?iaeiiio oicyenoao, i?aaunee 50 ie?ae.
cieiouo ?oaeae. I?iiuoeaiiia i?iecaiaenoai nie?aoeeinue a 1920 a. ii
n?aaiaieth n 1913 a. a naiue ?ac, naeueneioicyenoaaiiia – ia 40 %. Ii/oe
aaeaia oiaiueoeeanue /eneaiiinoue ?aai/aai eeanna. A aiyo, a oaeaea o
aieiaea, aieaciae, aaeiai e e?aniiai oa??i?a iiaeaei 8 iei. /ae. Ieiei 2
iei. /ae. – ii/oe any iieeoe/aneay, oeiainiai-i?iiuoeaiiay, a iaiueoae
noaiaie – iao/ii-ooaeiaeanoaaiiay yeeoa aei?aaiethoeeiiiie ?inne – auee
auioaeaeaiu yiea?e?iaaoue. Iaauaaeay aeanoieinoue a?aoioaeenoaaiiie
aieiu ?acei aeaoi?ie?iaaea iauanoaaiiia niciaiea. A iai oaeeaeoaeueiui
ia?acii oaeeaaeenue aa?a a naaoeua eaeaaeu e ai anaiiaouanoai ianeeey,
?aaiethoeeiiiue ?iiaioeci e i?aiaa?aaeaiea /aeiaa/aneie aeeciueth.
Aieueoaaeci iiaaaeee, nio?aiee ainoaea?noaaiiue noaa?aieoao ?innee.
Iaeiaei iiaeaea?aeea, iieo/aiiay ei ni noi?iiu iai?ieaoa?neeo neiaa
ianaeaiey e ii?aaeaeaiiie /anoe ?aai/aai eeanna, iineea ia?aie/aiiue,
oneiaiue oa?aeoa?, /oi i?aaeaauaei iiaua aaeeeea iio?ynaiey a no?aia.
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