?a??o
«????a ??eth?e a ???e ???yo ?????y»
I. ????a ??eth?e a ???yo ?????y
1.1 Ai?ueaa aieueoaaeeia ca iannu
I?? ?? ?e ??ey ?y? ?? ? ???????oth ??eth?th, ???y ??? ??iy? a ?i ??u
???ue ??u ???o e ???y??e ???u, a ??????e e ?????e ??eth?e. Aeey y?? ??i
?? ? ?????e ?????, ?????? e ????, ???ue ?????oth ??th ???????? ??eth?e,
?c ?? ??? ?a?th?e ?? ? ?????e.
I??y ?????a ????? a ??? ????th ?????oth ???, ???y a??ue ?ae ???? «Any
??? N???!». Ia ???? e ???o, a ???o ????yo, ????? ???? e ???? y???o, ?
???y??o ??? ????? ????i e ????? ??y?y? ??e ??????o ???e, ?????e ?????oth
???? A????i ??????a, ???????i ?????a e y??a, ??y?y? ???e e ???? ??e ???.
Ia ???? ??i ???? E??.
N?? a??????e ??? ?i ?y a ?? ??e a ??u ??a 40 ??o e ????, ?????ny ???e ?
???i e ??? y??o ???a ???e. A??ie ??ey???th ??e ???o ?????? «I???, a ???e
??e ????i ??????ue ??? E??a.
I?? O????? ??eth?e ???a, ???????? ?????? ??????e ????e, ??e ???????ue
??? ???th?, ???? ??? ???? ??oy?, e ????ue ??a. Ia ???ey?yo ?????
????-????a ???? (?????), ???a ????y? ??? ???o n ???????y?.
A??????y ??ey ???? ??????a ??? ?????a, ???th?a e ????? ???ue a ?o ??
?ey?a. Ii?i ???ey ??y?? ????eth a ??eth???th ??? ???e ????. E?? ? ???
?????? ???o ??? ???? ?????/??a ?????e ????, ???? ????? ?????. A ???o
n????? ?????a ??y? ???o — E??ay ???y, a ??a ??yaeu ???e ???e.
Aeey ??????i ????ey e ????y ????? ?? ?e OeE e ??? ???o ????o ??????? ???
?? n??? ???a ?????e. I? ????e a ????o ??yo ???e, ????e ????a y??e, ????
????? ????, ?????iyee ??????? ???. *?? ???? ? ?ith ???o ???? ???y??i,
???? ??? ???? ??? ?????th ???o, ??ey ?i??y? a ???th ??o ?????, ??????? e
??????a.
AE?? ????i ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????, e ??y??y ?a ?????? ??????? e ???
?????a. I???? ?? ????? ?????. I?????i ????e A????i ??????a ??i n ??? ??.
????, ??a? e ???y? ?a ???? ?????ue ? ??? n ????? ???????, ? ??? N???.
1.2 Ai?aeueneee e?ecen A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa
I??a ???a ?????a ???o e ??? ?i?a ?????i ??????a ????i a ??? 1917 a. 19
??ey a ???o a?a ?????? ?? ???? ?????o ?e I?th??, ???th ? ?e??a ????
?th??? ???e a ???e ??a. A ?? ????? i ?????e A????i ??????a ??e ??o ?
????i ??a e a ?i?????? ??a ?????? ??????ue ???? (???a ??o ?????) e
?????e. Y? ?? ? ????e ????a ???? ?n?. A I????a ???? ????a ??????. 21
??ey ? ???o OeE a??????e ??? ??a 100 ?n. ???o e ??? ??e ? ??u ?ae ?c???:
«Any ??? N???!», «Ae?? ??o!», «Ae?? ??????oth ????!».
E??ua ?????y ??y??y ????e e a ?y? ??? ???a. I? ????, ?i ???a e A????o
??????o ??? ????i. A?i ??i yn?, ? ?????e y?i, ??e E??, ?i ??????i ????y
? ??o. N??u ??e (e ??? ??) ?y? ??? a ?? ?? ?c ????i ??????y n ?? ? ? ?
?? ???u. Ii ??????i-y????a ???, ???ay ???? ???, ? ????e ???? ??? a ??
N??ia. I? ??? ??????i ????e e ????a, ???a a ?i ??? n?? ???????. 5 ?y ??
????? ?????? A???? ??e???? ? ??a n ?i ? ?y?i E???, a ???a ??e ?ny?
?????-?????? e iy? ????a ? ??? ?????a e y??a. E?????a ??????i ?????
?????oth ???? ???? ??????a.
1.3 I nuacae Niaaoia
E??u ?????a e y??a, ????y ????ey ??, ????? ?ith ????th ???? ??a n ?????
e ???ae? A????i ??????a. Y? y?i ???e I A?????? ??ae N??? ???o e ?????
????a, ??iy??ny a. eth? 1917 a. Ia ??? ??????? ??a ?ny? ????a. N?? ?o ??
??? 105 ?????a. I??eyth?a ?????i ????a ???ey? ????? e y??. ??????e y?o
??? ?????, ??u ??ae ???e ? ???? ???a?y n ????? e ????e ?????ny ?????a
???o ??e ? ???.
I????y ?? ???a a ?????? ??????a, ????? e y?? ?????, ?i a ???e ?o ???,
???y ?ia ??? ?? ? ?y? ??? a ?? ??. E?? ????? y?o ????e ??n.
«A?ue ??y ??ey! — ?y?e ? a ??e ?? ? ???.— I?a ??ey ? y?? ? ?????ny:
??oth ??? ?a ??? ?y? ??? ????. E?? ???e, ?i ?????? ??????i ??o ??? e
?????. O??i ??? ??? n ??????e e ???ae ??? e N??? ??o ??? ???th.
I??i ????? e y??, ????y ?? ?????i, ???? ??y?y ???i ??eth?e, ???y?? ?
???eth n ?????e e ???? A????i ??????a. N?? ??? Oe????? E??????e E???
(OeEE), ?????i ???? ???ey? ????? e y??.
Y? ???y ??? ????? a ?????? n i????y? ??, ?i y?i ???? eth??ay ?????ey.
1.4 Ethiueneay aeaiiino?aoeey
A ?e ??? N??? a I????a ???? ??a?y ??e ???o. I???? ?? ??ae, ?????a e
?????? ????e A????i ??????a. N??y? ???ue ???eth ?????i?e ????, Oe?????
E??? ??????? ??? ???e ??/? e ??? I????a e ??? ?????? ?ae ???? «Any ???
Ni??i!». Y?o ??? ?e ??y? ????i ??y??ny ???u. Ii ??????i-y????a ??? ???e
? ??? ??eth?th, ?????th ?i????th. Y? ???i ??a ???a ????? ???o ???u, ?i
?a? N??? ???? ?e ????ue ?????eth ? 18 ethiy.
A y?o ?iue 500 ?n. ???o e ??? I????a ??e ? ??u n ???????e ?c???: «Any
??? N???!», «Ae?? ?ny? ????a-??????!», «I??a ???? ?????y», «???? ????
?ae ??????i e ?n?????i ????? e ?. I??a ?????? ?ae ???????e e???? ??iy??
18—25 ethiy ? ??? ?????? ???o ???. I? ???? ???? ??? ??eth???e ????? ????
??, ? ????? ????a ??? ??????? ???. A? ??a ????i n?? ???? ????a ??y??y e
A????o ??????o e e ???? ????ey n ?????, ???th ????e ????? e y??.
1.5 I?iaae ianooieaiey ia o?iioa
E???oy ????ey ??, ???? ???, A?i??a ??????i 18 ethiy ???i ???th ??th a
?????a ? TH?-Ca??? ???. I?????y y? ?????a, ??????i ???y? ia ??? ?????
?th???, ?????ue ? ???o ?????ue n ?ae?i ??, ? e ?? ????? ?????th?e.
A???ey ????, ?i ??o ?????y, ??? ?i ???o ?????a, ???o ???e ??????a. Ii
?????a ?????ue, ?i ???? ???e ??e a 60 ?n. i?? ??a.
A???? ??????i ???????ue ??o???i ? ??? ?y ??, ??u ????? ???????a ???u ???
???, ???ue ???? ????e. A??e ??e ??????? ???? ? ???u ??eth??? ??????
????a. O???? ??? n ???y??i ????i.
A? ?? ????a ??? ?????th???y ????y. E????? ????e ???ey?y, ?????e ???o ?
?e?. A ???o ????ny ??ae. A???ey, ? ????o ?y??eth ?????i ?????i ?????
?y?????, ????? ???? ?????th ???????oth ??eth?th «??ey?e ??e ???».
II. E?? ?????y
2.1 Etheueneay aeaiiino?aoeey
A?????y, ????????ay ???? ??????i ?????i ??????a ???? ?a ???a ?????ai
???o, ???, ???yi. A ??? n ??? ?? ????i ??eth??i? ????. C????e ? O??, a
Ae???a, a Oe????i-I?????i ???a ????e y?? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ???eyo? ?
???eyo ????e ??eth?e n ?????i ???? ??? a ?ee N???.
I???? ??eth?y e a ???a. A eth? ???y??i ????i ?? ???? 43 ????. A ?y? ??
???y? ??e ??a??? ????e ??e.
I???i ??? ???? ??eth???e ??? a ???a. O? n ??a ethiy a I????a ????e ???
???e, ? ???o ???a ?????? ??? ?????y ? ??? e ???? ????e. I?? ?? ????u
????? A????i ??????a ????ue ??eth???o ??? I??????i ????a ? ??o. 3 ethey
???u 1-? ?????i ??a ? ??i ???a ??? ?????? ?????th ?????eth. I?????? i??
?????ue ? ???e e ???, a ???? ??e, e ???? E??o?? n ???? ??y? ???a a
?????e. I??a ?????? ?e i????? ????i. A ?o ? ?? a I????a ???? ????a
??????, ???a ???e ???ny a ?????a ????a.
OeE ??????? ??? ???y ???? ???o e ??? ???u ? ???a????i ?????y, ??ay, ?i
??y e ?y ??? ?a ? ??? ??a??ue ????a a ???a, a ??????a ?????a ?????a a
Ia???? ?? ?????ue ??????o ????? ???? ??eth?e. Ii ??u ?a ??e ? ??o. Iiy??
????? ??? ????? ?????eth, ??? ? ??? e ??????? ????, ?ae ???? «Any ???
N???!».
4 ethey ? ??u I????a ?ae ???????e ????e ??i ??a 500 ?n. ???o, ??? e
????. Y? ?e ??? ??? e N??? ????ue n ??????, ?y? ??? a ?? ??. Ii
??????i-y????a ?????? N??? ????e ??a ??????i: ?e ?????ue n A???? ???????
i ????a ??????. N ? ???, e ????y ??? e th??a a ???o ??? ??? ???e ?
??????i ????? e ???? ?i?. A?i ??i e ??? ??i 400 ???e.
2.2 Onoaiiaeaiea eiio??aaiethoeeiiiie aeeeoaoo?u
I?? ????a ?????? ????? ??????i a ?th? n ??????i-y????i OeEE N??? ???
?????? ??????oth ??eth, ???th ??? a y? ?e A.E. E?? n ???e a???ueth
???????e ?e «?, ??ue e ???ue ??e y??».
A??e ?????? ??? a ????yo OeE ??? e ????? «I???, ????e ???a ???. I??a ???
????? ?? ?????. ????i-????? E.E. A??? th??a ???e ??e ??? ? ?, ?i ? ????
???? «E??e «I???, ????? a?????e.
N??????? OeEE N??? ?uy?e ?????a «?????e ??eth??, a ?????th???a A????
?????o?, ? ??a ???? a y? ?e ?? y?? E????, — ??????? «???ey ??eth??. Y?i
o ?????th?e ?? ??y?? ?? ?y ???? n ??????? ???e.
A??e ??? ??? ? ??? e ???? ?? Ea?? ? ????th a «???????e ???». A? ??th?
???, ??u ????? e ??ue. I???? ?? A???? E?? ????y a I????a, a ??i ? ???th
OeE ??e ? ???u e n ???th ????-????? I.A. A??y?? ????y a ??? ??? ???e
???a.
A???ia ??????i ????i ???? ??? ??eth???o ???o e ?e?o. I? ??? ??????? ?a
???? ??e, ?????a ???a a eth??? ??????, ??i ???-???a ??, ?????? ???oth
??ue ? ???, ????i ?????a ??y? a I??e I???ae (?? A???), ?y??, O?? (??
E???), Oe??? (?? A????), A?????n (?? O???ee) ?y ????ey ???? ??e ???o e
???.
O? ?i???e e y?? ??i ??????? ??? ??ae eth???i ???a a i??o ????e. O?????ue
?????th???y ????a. I??????-y????a N??u ?????? a ????? ???? y?e ????u. Ai
??? ???o Ni?? ???? ?ith ?y????ue. Ae????? ????ue. «O????e ???ay ???????y
??? a ???e ??? ?? ???y ????a…» — ??e a eth? 1917 a. A. E. E??.
A???? ?????? eth???i ???a y??y ?????y ??ae ???o, ??y??y ? ???????o ??? e
?/???y ??? y?o ???. A y? ? ??y a ??? ?????ue ?ey?a a??????e ???. E? ???e
A.E. E??, a oy??a eth??? ?e ??u ???e a ?????o «??o ????o ???», a a
?????o e y??o — ?????.
2.3 Ie?iue ia?eiae ?acaeoey ?aaiethoeee eii/eeny
A ??o ???yo ??cy ?? ?????ue ???ae a??e e N??? ??? ??i. O???? ? ???
?????? ????i-???????e ??eth?e a ???????oth ? ???????a ?n???a, ?????y ??a
eth??? ???e. A ??? ? ???????oth ??eth?th ??ey ????ue a ??e ???a. Aa
????? A.E. E??.
I??y? a ???? ????, A. E. E?? ????e ????? ?y????ueth ???. A eth? ? ???e
?yae ???, a ???o ?e ???? ??? ????? e ???e ???o ??? a ??o ???yo. E?? ???,
?i ??a eth??? ???e ???ae ??? e N??? ???? ?? a ????? ?????? ????y. E ?? ?
? ??i ?? e ?? i ???? ??? e i??????-y????i N???, ??? ???o ?????e e
???i????? ?ay ???????i n ?????th???e ?????. E?ei ????e ???? ?y? ??? «Any
??? N???!». Y? ? ???? ??? ? N??? ?e ???????e ??u ????u ??????. «Y? ? ???
i N??? ???, — ??e ??a E??, — a ??? i ??? n ??? ?????th?? e n ??????? ???
N???».
2.4 VI nuacae ?NAe?I[a]
I????th E??? ??th ???o ???? VI ??ae ???, ?????e ?????? a I????a n 26
ethey ? 3 ???a 1917 a. E y?? ???e ??ey ?????a a ??o ?y?o 240 ?n. ?????a.
N??ay? a ????, Ae??? E?? ????e ???i ??c ??o ?????. O???y E??a ?? ???? a
??? ???e, ??y?o ???i.
N?? ?n???e ?????? e ???????e ??? OeE ?NAe?I (a), n ???? ????e E.A. N??i
e ss.I. N???a, ???e ???u i ?????? e y?????? ????e ???, i ???????yo ??? e
???th?a, i ?th?o ???? e ?. N?? ????? ????e ?? ? ???????oth ??eth?th e
????? ??? ???ey??? ?????y I??????? e A???a, ????? ????n? ??? ????????
??eth?e a ???e.
O???y ??th ????? e ?????oy? ???ey? E??a, ??ae ?ye ??? «Any ??? N???!» ?e
??? ???i ???ey ??eth?e. Ii ???e, ?i ??? ??i ??????i ?????? ????y ??o ??
??????a ????a ????e e ?????a ????a ?????? a ??a N???, ?????o ??????. O?
??i ?e ?yo ?? ? ????? ?????? ????y.
N?? o??e, ?i ????i ???ey ??? ? ??????y y?????? ????? y?yth?y ???ae ??? a
?? ??????, ??????ey a??a, ???e ??????? e ?????, ?????? ???????i ????
???ey ?ae ??????i e ??????? ????a, ?????y ????? ??e e ??????ey ?? ??e.
A ??eth?e «I ?th?o ????» ??ae ????e ????i ?????yi ???? ??????ue ???eth
???????? ?????e ????, ????ue ???o ???o e ???? a ??eth???th ???.
N?? ????y n ????? e ???i, ???? e ???y?i, a ???i ???e ? ????ny e ??th?i
??? n. ????? ?????.
N?? ??? Oe????? E??? ??? ? ??a n A.E. E???.
E?????a ???? VI ??? ??? ???o a ?i, ?i ? ??iye ????e ??????? ?? ?
???????oth ?a?th?th a ???e, ???e ???o ??? a ??o ???yo, ?????y ??a eth???
???e, ???? a ??y?e ?y ?i?n i ????? ?????? ????y n ??th ????y ????? a????
e ?????ey ????u ??????.
I???yy a ??ue ???y ??? ??????i ???, ????? ????? e i????a ?????? ????y.
N??e ?????
1. N??? A.I. «E??ey NNN?» – I., 1988
2. N???? N.A. «I??e y?????? ???e ???? – I., 1960
3. A??i E.A., O??? E.A. «E??ey NNN?: 9 ??? – I., 1977
4. E???a E.A. «E??ey NNN?» – I., 1990
5. A???a A.A. «Y?????? ???? NNN?» – I., 1987
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