?aoa?ao
«I?aai, aeanoue e ?aeeaey a ae?aaiinoe»
I. I?aai eee aani?aaea?
Ai anao ae?aaiaeoeo oeeaeeecaoeeyo auee nicaeaiu ienueiaiiua naiaeu
caeiiia. Yoi auei aieueoei oaaii aia?aae ii n?aaiaieth n ia?aiauoiui
iauanoaii, aaea aeaenoaiaaee iau/ae. Iie neeaaeuaaeenue iinoaiaiii, ia
i?ioyaeaiee nioai aaeia, i?aa?auaeenue a o?aaeeoeeth, eioi?ie aeieaeiu
auee iiae/eiyoueny ana /eaiu ?iaea.
Eiaaea /aeiaa/anoai anooieei a yiioo oeeaeeecaoeee e noaee
ia?aciauaaoueny ainoaea?noaa, oaeea iau/ae aua i?iaeieaeaee
nouanoaiaaoue (iau/iia i?aai). Ii eo auei oaea yaii iaaeinoaoi/ii aeey
oiai, /oiau ?aaoee?iaaoue aeeciue a ainoaea?noaao, aaea ?acaeaaeinue
nioeeaeueiia ia?aaainoai, aaea iauanoai ?anneieeinue ia iiiaeanoai a?oii
e o eaaeaeie ec ieo auee naie eioa?anu, ia anaaaea niaiaaeaaoea n
eioa?anaie ae?oaeo eee i?yii ei i?ioeaiiieiaeiua.
Eaeei aea ia?acii ana yoe a?oiiu oaeeaaeenue aianoa? Ainoaea?noai a
ae?aaiaeoeo oeeaeeecaoeeyo iu oaea ii?aaeaeeee eae aeaniioeth. Yoi neiai
o nia?aiaiiiai /aeiaaea iaiaaeeaiii aucuaaao i?aaenoaaeaiea i i?iecaiea,
iaia?aie/aiiuo i?aaao iaeieo e iieiie iiae/eiaiiinoe, aani?aaee e
?aaneie caaeoinoe ia?iiiiai /enea ae?oaeo.
Ii ia?aoeiny nia/aea e iiaieth naieo caeiiiaeaoaeae ae?aaiinoe.
1. Caeii e ni?aaaaeeeainoue
A Ae?aaiai Aaeioa n/eoaeinue, /oi ioiioaiey ethaeae a ainoaea?noaa
no?iyony ia iniiaa iaao, o. a. ia iniiaa aiaeanoaaiiie ni?aaaaeeeainoe e
ii?yaeea, enoeiu. Ooaa?aeaeatho aa aiae e oea?e: aeaaiaea?y caeiiai
i?aiaeieaaathony oain, aeenaa?iiiey. A iaeiii ec ae?aaiaaaeiaoneeo
iio/aiee a /anoue ni?aaaaeeeainoe i?ieciinyony oaeea oaaeaaiua neiaa:
«Aaeeea ni?aaaaeeeainoue, e i?aainoiaenoai [aa] iaiieieaaeii». A ae?oaii
iio/aiee, iaienaiiii io eiaie iaeiiai ec oea?ae Aaeioa, aiai?eony i oii,
/oi oea?ue aeieaeai caaioeoueny iai anao iiaeaeaiiuo, a ia oieueei i
aaeueiiaeao, eai ana ethaee — «noaaei aiaa», «iiaeiaey, auoaaeoea ec aai
ieioe».
A nai?ieeao caeiiia ae?aaiae Eiaeee iaienaii, /oi anee au ia auee
aaaaeaiu aeanoeea caeiiu e iaeacaiey ca eo ia?ooaiey, oi «aieaa neeueiua
ecaea?eee au neaauo, eae ?uao ia aa?oaea».
Caeiiu aaaeeiineiai oea?y Oaiio?aie (aiaeu i?aaeaiey 1792—1750 aei i.
y.), iaeiiai ec aaee/aeoeo caeiiiaeaoaeae ae?aaiinoe, ia/eiathony n
oiai, /oi ii aicaauaao: aiae ia?aaeaee aio aeanoue, /oiau ii caueuae
neaauo, aaeia e ne?io io i?eoaniaiee.
Eoae, aacaea, ai anao oeeaeeecaoeeyo, iiiyoey «caeii» e
«ni?aaaaeeeainoue» ioiaeaeanoaeyeenue, a caaea/e caeiiiaeaoaeae
niioaaonoaiaaee, eacaeinue au, aunoei i?iyaeaieyi aoiaiecia.
2. *aeiaae ia?aae eeoeii caeiia
Caeiiu, nicaeaiiua a ae?aaiaeoeo oeeaeeecaoeeyo, eiatho oeaeue ?yae
iaueo /a?o. E ia?aia, /oi ii?aaeaao nia?aiaiiiai /aeiaaea, — yoi
?acieoea a iaeacaieyo a caaeneiinoe io nioeeaeueiiai iieiaeaiey
i?anooiieea. Iai?eia?, aacaea a oa a?aiaia nio?aieeny iieo/eaoee neeo
caeiia ae?aaiee ia?aiauoiue iau/ae, niaeanii eioi?iio /aeiaaeo,
iaianoaio eiio-eeai oaeaniua iia?aaeaeaiey, neaaeoao ioieaoeoue oai aea.
Iaeiaei, anee aeiiaiue caieiae i?eaeeaae?iaaiiia iieiaeaiea a iauanoaa,
ii i?inoi auiea/eaae iino?aaeaaoaio aeaiaaeiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea.
«Anee eoi-ieaoaeue iia?aaeeo aeac o naiaiaeiiai, oi aeieaeii iia?aaeeoue
aeac aio naiiio. Anee ii iia?aaeeo aeac o /ueaai-ieaoaeue ?aaa eee
neiiaao einoue o /ueaai-ieaoaeue ?aaa, oi aeieaeai oieaoeoue iieiaeio
aai noieiinoe». (Ec caeiiia oea?y Oaiio?aie).
Iniaaiii /aoeeie auee oaeea ?acee/ey a Eiaeee. *aeiaaea,
i?eiaaeeaaeaaoaai e aunoae eanoa ae?aoeia-a?aoiaiia, ia eacieee, aeaaea
anee ii «iia?yc ai any/aneeo ii?ieao». Oaeiai a?aoiaia niaeanii
eiaeeeneei caeiiai ioaeii auei i?inoi auneaoue ec no?aiu, ia iaiiny aio
oaeaniuo iia?aaeaeaiee, ni anai aai eiouanoaii. Ii anee ooae?a
(i?aaenoaaeoaeue iecoae eanou neoa) iniaeeaaeny inei?aeoue a?aoiaia
a?aiiuie neiaaie, aio io?acaee ycue.
Ainoaea?noai noiyei ia no?aaea eioa?ania aunoeo neiaa iauanoaa: naiua
aeanoieea iaeacaiey aeaeaee oao, eoi aunooiae i?ioea aeanoe, niaa?oae
i?anooieaiey i?ioea ae?aoeia e o?aiia, iaiinee a?aae eee iioeuae
eiouanoai oea?y e aai i?eaeeaeaiiuo, oe?uaae aaaeuo ?aaia e o. ae.
Ia?aaiii?aaea, oea?eaoaa a iauanoaa, ?ani?ino?aiyeinue e ia naiueth. Ai
anao ae?aaieo oeeaeeecaoeeyo, e?iia Aaeioa, aaea nio?aieeenue inoaoee
o?aaeeoeee iao?ea?oaoa, caeii iiaeaea?aeeaae iao?ea?oaeueiia ono?ienoai
naiuee. Yoi icia/aei, /oi ana eiouanoai iaoiaeeeinue a ?anii?yaeaiee
aeaau naiuee, eioi?iio i?eiaaeeaaeaei i?aai i?aaieciauaaoue
oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue a naiai iaeaiueeii «ainoaea?noaa»,
iaeacuaaoue naieo «iiaeaeaiiuo» (ieaaeoeo /eaiia naiuee: aeaio, aeaoae,
ieaaeoeo a?aoueaa e nanoa?). Aeaniioe/aneia ono?ienoai iao?ea?oaeueiie
naiuee i?ae?anii eeethno?e?oaony oai oaeoii, /oi ii caeiio iiaeii auei
i?iaeaaaoue a ?aanoai aeaoae — eae i?aaeei, ca iaoieaoo aeieaia.
AEaiueia iau/ii caieiaea a naiuea aanueia oieaeaiiia iieiaeaiea. A
caeiiao Eiaeee, iai?eia?, niaoeeaeueii iiae/a?eeaaeinue, /oi aeaiueia
«ieeiaaea ia i?eaiaeia aeey naiinoiyoaeueiinoe». Eneeth/aieai aue
Aaeiao: oai aeaiueia, anooiay a a?ae, eiaea i?aaa ia?aaia n ioae/eiie.
Iia nio?aiyea naith nianoaaiiinoue e iiaea iieo/eoue ?acaiae.
Ii aeaaea i?e yaiii ia?aaiii?aaee, eioi?ia, ai?i/ai, n/eoaeinue a oa
a?aiaia aiieia anoanoaaiiui, ainoaea?noai aiana ia eeoaei iieiinoueth
naiae caueou iecoea neie iauanoaa.
Caeii iaa?aaae /anoioth nianoaaiiinoue e no?iai ea?ae ca e?aaeo eee
ii?/o /oaeiai eiouanoaa. Aacaea caeiiu io?aiyee oeaeinoiinoue naiuee,
iaeacuaay ca eciaio e neeoeii aeanoieia ia?auaiea n aeiii/aaeoeaie.
Caueuaeenue oaeaea i?aaa ianeaaeiaaiey.
Aeaaea ?aau i?e anae oyaeanoe eo iieiaeaiey eiaee ii?aaeaeaiiua i?aaa. A
Aaeioa iie iiaee eneaoue oaaaeeua a o?aiao e aeaeiaaoueny ia
aeanoieinoue naiaai ainiiaeeia. Aeiiaoiei ?aaai, eae i?aaeei,
iicaieyeinue eiaoue naiueth e eiouanoai, a eiiaaea e naie aeii. I?aaa
ee/iinoe eo/oa anaai caueuaeenue a caeiiao oea?y Oaiio?aie. N?ie
aeieaiaiai ?aanoaa ia?aie/eaaeny o?aiy aiaeaie, aeaoe ?aauiue,
onuiiaeaiiua naiei iooeii — naiaiaeiui, oiaea noaiiaeeenue naiaiaeiuie e
iiaee ianeaaeiaaoue eiouanoai. No?iai iaeacuaaeenue eeaaaoieee e
eaeanaeaeaoaee.
Yoi icia/aao, /oi ooieoeee ainoaea?noaa caeeth/aeenue ia oieueei a
iiaeaaeaiee e oaiaoaiee — iie auee ai?acaei oe?a e neiaeiaa. Nicaeaaay
caeiiu, ainoaea?noai iaania/eaaei ana neie ianaeaiey, oioy e ia a ?aaiie
ia?a, ii?aaeaeaiiuie aa?aioeyie. Aac yoiai, nianoaaiii, iaaiciiaeia auea
au aeeciue iauanoaa. Caeiiu oii?yaei/eaaee ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ethaeueie,
aiceaaaee ia ieo ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca naie iinooiee, aiooaee, /oi o ieo
anoue i?aaa, ionoue aeaaea ieieiaeueiua, ?aaeecaoeee eioi?uo iiaeii
o?aaiaaoue. Iniaaiii iineaaeiaaoaeueii, eae auei neacaii, i?aaa ee/iinoe
caueuaeenue a caeiiao Oaiio?aie.
Oae iinoaiaiii ia/eiae oi?ie?iaaoueny o?iaaiue oeeaeeeciaaiiinoe
iauanoaa. Eiia/ii, yoio o?iaaiue aue aua aeiaieueii ieceei. Iiiyoea
ni?aaaaeeeainoe eiaei nianai ia oio niune, eioi?ue aeeaaeuaaao a iaai
nia?aiaiiue /aeiaae. ?acee/ey a iieiaeaiee nioeeaeueiuo neiaa auee
iaaa?iyoii aaeeee. Ii ia aoaeai caauaaoue, /oi yoi auea eeoue ia?aay
nooiaiue aeieaiai iooe /aeiaa/anoaa e iiieiaieth oiai, /oi ainoaea?noai
aeieaeii io?aaeaoue eioa?anu anao a ?aaiie ia?a, e e iiiuoeai
?aaeeciaaoue oaeie i?eioeei.
II. I?aaeaeu aeanoe e i?ino?ainoai naiaiaeu
1. Ai?ueaa ca aeanoue
Auea ee aeanoue oea?ae a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe noieue aaca?aie/ia, eae yoi
neaaeoao ec naiiai ii?aaeaeaiey aeaniioee? Eiia/ii, ?aaeueiia iieiaeaiea
aeae auei iaiiiai neiaeiaa. A ae?aaieo iauanoaao auee neeu, eioi?ua
i?aoaiaeiaaee ia aeanoue e iuoaeenue ieacuaaoue aeeyiea ia iieeoeeo
oea?ae, aeaaea ii?aaeaeyoue aa. Noaiaiue oeaio?aeecaoeee oiaea auea
aeaeaei ia anaaaea iaeeiaeiai aunieie: ai anao oeeaeeecaoeeyo auee
ia?eiaeu, eiaaea ia?iiiua eiia?ee ?aniaaeaeenue e ia ianoao iiyaeyeenue
aiieia naiinoiyoaeueiua i?aaeoaee.
Oaeay neooaoeey ia ?ac aicieeaea a Aaeioa, aaea aeanoue oa?aiiia,
eacaeinue au, auea iaeaieaa iacuaeaiie. Yoi i?iecioei ai aoi?ie iieiaeia
III ouny/aeaoey aei i. y., a caoai iiaoi?yeinue iaiaeiie?aoii a I
ouny/aeaoee aei i. y., a yiioo ineaaeaiey oeeaeeecaoeee Aaeioa,
iaoiaeyuaainy a i?aaeaeaa?ee caaiaaaiey Aeaenaiae?ii Iaeaaeiineei.
A ia?eiaeu ?acae?iaeaiiinoe no?aia ?aniaaeaeanue ia iaeanoe (iiiu), aaea
i?aaeea ?iaeiaay ciaoue, ia aeaeaaoay n/eoaoueny n aieae oa?aiiia,
nicaeaaaaoay aeaniioee a ieieaoth?a. Ionoonoaea oeaio?aeecaoeee,
ai?i/ai, ooo aea neacuaaeinue ia yeiiiie/aneii ninoiyiee no?aiu: ia
?aaoee?oaiay neeueiie aaeeii ia/aeueiie aeanoueth, i?eoiaeeea a
caionoaiea neiaeiay e??eaaoeeiiiay nenoaia, ia/eiaeny aieiae e
aanii?yaeee. A yoi niioaaonoaaiii niiaa aucuaaei ino?oth iaiaoiaeeiinoue
a oeaio?aeecaoeee. Eiaiii a?aiaia oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey no?aiie
niaiaaeaee a Aaeioa n ia?eiaeaie aai iaeaunoaai ?anoeaaoa e
aeaaiiieo/ey.
A yoe ia?eiaeu aica?auaeny i?aaeiee ii?yaeie aauae: oe?iuaiiua i?aaeoaee
iiiia oaea ia iiaee n/eoaoue aaa?aiiua ei iaeanoe naieie iaeaiueeeie
oea?noaaie. A XVI—XII aa. aei i. y., eiaaea oeaio?aeecaoeey a Aaeioa
auea iniaaiii neeueia, iiiyoea «ee/iue aeii», o. a. ee/iia caiaeueiia
aeaaeaiea aaeueiiae, aiiaua ia oiio?aaeyeinue.
Auea e ae?oaay neea, inia?eaaaoay aeanoue o oa?aiiia, — ae?a/anoai.
Iieiaeaiea ae?aoeia iniaaiii oneeeeinue ai II ouny/aeaoee aei i. y.: a
oi a?aiy ae?aoeu ?acee/iuo o?aiia i?aaenoaaeyee niaie aeiaieueii
niei/aiioth neeo. Ai aeaaa eo noiye aa?oiaiue ae?aoe o?aia aiaa Aiiia a
Oeaao — noieeoea Aaeioa.
AE?aoeu aeoeaii o/anoaiaaee a aeai?oeiauo eio?eaao e iieeoe/aneie
ai?ueaa, ana aieueoa oe?aieyy naie iiceoeee. Oa?aiiu, iianaynue neeu e
aeeyiey naaoneie a?enoie?aoee — ?iaeiaie ciaoe, caaeaa?eaaee ae?aoeia
uaae?uie aea?aie, ioaeaaaee a nianoaaiiinoue caiee.
«Anee ienaoe iaoiaeeony i?e aeai?a, ii ia aoaeao a iai ieuei, ii
ianuoeony… iiyoiio aiooath oaaa ethaeoue eieae, eae ?iaeioth iaoue».
(Ec iio/aiey aaeioyieia Aooiy naiaio nuio Ieiie, eiiaoe III ouny/aeaoey
— 1600 a. aei i. y.).
Eiia/ii, i?eioeei i?iaeaeaeaiey aaa?o ii nioeeaeueiie eanoieoea ia aue
ii?iie. Iniiaiay ianna ianaeaiey auea ia?a/aia anth aeeciue inoaaaoueny
a iaeiii e oii aea nioeeaeueiii iieiaeaiee. Oaeay neooaoeey auea
iniaaiii oa?aeoa?ia aeey Eiaeee, aaea iauanoai auei ?acaeaeaii ia eanou.
Iniiaiua eanou a i?eioeeia niioaaonoaiaaee oai nioeeaeueiui neiyi,
eioi?ua auaeaeyeenue e a ae?oaeo oeeaeeecaoeeyo: ae?aoeu (a?aoiaiu),
aieiu (eoao?ee), naiaiaeiua iaueiieee e oi?aiaoeu (aaeouee), a oaeaea
iecoay eanoa neoa (ooae?u), e eioi?ui ioiineeenue e?anoueyia, eeoaiiua
caiee, e ?aau. Niaeanii eaaaiaea eanou auee nicaeaiu aiaaie ec oaea
aaeeeaia Io?ooe, eo ia?aaainoai auei i?aaeii?aaeaeaii nauoa: «A?aoiaiii
noaee aai onoa, ?oee — eoao?eai, aai aaae?a noaee aaeoueae, ec iia
aiciee ooae?a».
A?aieoeu iaaeaeo eanoaie auee i?aeoe/anee iai?aiaeieeiu. Eaaeaeue
/aeiaae io ?iaeaeaiey i?eiaaeeaaeae e ii?aaeaeaiiie eanoa, e yoi
i?aaeii?aaeaeyei aai aeaeueiaeooth aeeciue: a?aee caeeth/aeenue oieueei
aioo?e eano, ?iae caiyoee caaenae io i?ienoiaeaeaiey. Ia?ac aeecie
/aeiaaea, aai aeayoaeueiinoue, aeaaea ethaiaue — ana yoi no?iai
?aaeaiaioe?iaaeinue.
Nioeeaeueiia ia?aaainoai iiaee?aieyeinue ?aeeaeicii-i?aanoaaiiui:
oieueei o?e ia?aua eanou auee i?eiauaiu e ?aeeaee e eiaee i?aai /eoaoue
nayuaiiua eieae ae?aaieo eiaeonia — Aaaeu. Ooae?u auee iaiieiii?aaiu e a
?aeeaeiciie, e a nioeeaeueiie aeecie; iauaiea n ieie n/eoaeinue iici?iui
aeey i?aaenoaaeoaeae ae?oaeo eano; aeaoe, ?iaeaeaiiua io niaoaiiuo
a?aeia, iauyaeyeenue iai?eeanaaiuie.
*enoioa eano nio?aiyeanue ai iiiaii e ca n/ao neiaeeaoaeny aua a
aeoaieie ae?aaiinoe aa?u a ia?aaiieiuaiea aeoo. Niaeanii ?aeeaeiciui
i?aaenoaaeaieyi ae?aaieo eiaeeeoeaa /aeiaae, eioi?ue nayoi auiieiyao ana
iaycaiiinoe naiae eanou, a neaaeothuae aeecie eiaao oain ieacaoueny ia
aieaa aunieie nooiaie iauanoaa.
Eciee?iaaiiinoue e caieiooinoue eano, eo nioeeaeueiia e
?aeeaeicii-i?aanoaaiiia ia?aaiii?aaea nieaeaee aeoeaiinoue iauanoaa,
aeaeaee aai noaoe/iui, nicaeaaaee aieueoea i?aiyonoaey aeey aai
?acaeoey, i?e/ai ia oieueei a yiioo ae?aaiinoe, ii e a aeaeueiaeoai.
A Eeoaa i?iaeaia ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaii e iauanoaii auea ?aoaia
naiui iaiau/iui aeey oeeaeeecaoeee Ainoiea niiniaii. Ia/eiay n IX—VII
aa. aei i. y. caeanue eaeao aeoeaiay ai?ueaa iaaeaeo neeueiie ?iaeiaie
ciaoueth, eioi?ay i?aoaiaeoao ia aeanoue a naieo iaeanoyo, e
i?aaeoaeuenoaii, no?aiyueiny e oeaio?aeecaoeee. Neooaoeey aiieia
oeie/aneay, aicieeaaoay e a ae?oaeo oeeaeeecaoeeyo. Ii i?e yoii i?aayuea
e?oae eniieueciaaee aanueia iao?aaeeoeeiiiua ia?u: iie i?ecuaaee ia
iiiiuue ethaeae iaciaoiuo (ai aeyiue — ethaee no?aiu) e auaeaaaee ei ca
yoo iiaeaea?aeeo aeaeiaaiuea iaoo?ie, a aeaea ca?ia. I?aaaea, yoio
ia?eiae aeeeeny iaaeieai, ii nai ii naaa ii aeaao eioa?aniue i?eia?
oiai, eae aeanoue iuoaaony iia?aoueny ia iauanoai, aeiaeoueny
iiaeaea?aeee ethaeae iacaaeneii io eo iieiaeaiey. E, aeaaiia, naeaeaoue
yoi ia i?eau/iui iooai i?eioaeaeaiey, a ia acaeiiauaiaeiuo oneiaeyo.
Eiaaea a no?aia caaa?oeeny ia?aoiae e oeaio?aeeciaaiiiio ainoaea?noao,
aeeyiea ai aeyiue noaei noiaeeoue ia iao. Ii aiciiaeiinoue
nio?oaeie/anoaa ainoaea?noaa e iauanoaa eniieueciaaeanue e aeaeueoa.
A na?aaeeia IV a. aei i. y. ieieno? Oai ssi i?iaae ?aoi?iu, iai?aaeaiiua
ia oe?aieaiea aaeeiiaeanoey e iiae?ua iiceoeee a?enoie?aoee. Iiieii
ae?oaeo ia?, ii ioiaiee nouanoaiaaaoea ?aiaa ianeaaenoaaiiua oeooeu.
Oaia?ue iiaua ?aiae ciaoiinoe aeaeiaaeenue ca ee/iua caneoae, a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue aiaiiua. Oieueei yoi aeaaaei i?aai caieiaoue aaeieieno?aoeaiua
iinou, aeaaeaoue caieae e ?aaaie. I?aaaea, ?aiae anei?a ia/aee
i?iaeaaaoueny, e yoi, anoanoaaiii, aeaaaei aieueoea i?aeiouanoaa
caaeeoi/iui neiyi. E?iia oiai, a Eeoaa nouanoaiaaea nenoaia
ainoaea?noaaiiuo yecaiaiia ia o/aiua noaiaie: ec ethaeae, oniaoii
naeaaoeo yoe yecaiaiu, iaae?aeenue /eiiaieee.
Aiciiaeiinoe eciaieoue naia nioeeaeueiia iieiaeaiea, eiia/ii,
inoaaaeenue i/aiue ne?iiiuie: a Eeoaa ainiiaenoaiaaea aa?a a nayoinoue e
iacuaeaiinoue neiaeeaoaeny nioeeaeueiie ea?a?oee. Ii nai i?eioeei
aunieie ioeaiee ee/iuo caneoa iai?aaee ?acaeoea yoie oeeaeeecaoeee ii
niaa?oaiii iniaiio ?oneo: a iae neiaeeeny oei ainoaea?noaa, a eioi?ii
neeueiay yenieoaoaoeey e ea?a?oe/iinoue ni/aoaeenue n onoaiiaeie ia
ioiineoaeueioth aeoeaiinoue iecia.
Iu aeaeei, /oi i?e anao ?acee/eyo iaaeaeo ae?aaieie oeeaeeecaoeeyie
i?ino?ainoai naiaiaeu a ieo aanueia ia?aie/aii aeey iniiaiie iannu
ethaeae; iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaii e iauanoaii eaaeeo ia?iiiay i?iianoue:
iauanoai iaii, iii ia eiaao (eee ii/oe ia eiaao) aiciiaeiinoe
o/anoaiaaoue a oi?aaeaiee a aeeyoue ia ?aoaiey ainoaea?noaa.
Iaaeiaieuenoai au?aaeaaony a ainnoaieyo e aoioao, eai ae?oaiai n?aaenoaa
«ioeaieoue» ainoaea?noai e i?iyaeoue naia nianoaaiiia ioiioaiea e oiio,
eaeei iii, aeieaeii auoue, ia auei i?eaeoiaii. Ainoaea?noai aea aua ia
ioaeaeaaony a aeoeaiinoe iauanoaa — aio o?aaoaony a iniiaiii oieueei
iiae/eiaiea. E a oao ?aaeeeo neo/ayo, eiaaea ainoaea?noao ioaeai
«ioaao», iiaeaea?aeea iauanoaa, eieoeeaoeaa eaeao naa?oo.
Ii iu aeaeei oaeaea, /oi ainoaea?noai e iauanoai, i?e anao i?ioeai?a/eyo
e ?aciauaiiinoe iaaeaeo ieie, ia?acaeaeeiu. Aac ainoaea?noaa iaaiciiaeii
auei au nouanoaiaaiea naiie oeeaeeecaoeee. Ethaie ?aceaae a ainoaea?noaa
iaiaaeeaiii io?eoeaoaeueii neacuaaeny ia aeecie iauanoaa.
III. Io ieoa e ?aeeaeyi nianaiey
A aeooiaiie aeecie ainoi/iuo oeeaeeecaoeee ?aeeaey ea?aea ia?iiioth
?ieue. ?aeeaeiciua i?aaenoaaeaiey ?acaeaaeenue e aeaeieciaiyeenue aianoa
n ?acaeoeai naiiai /aeiaaea, ii e ae?aaiaeoea, ainoiaeyuea e
ia?aiauoiinoe aa?iaaiey aeieaia a?aiy nio?aiyee naith aeanoue. Ia
i?ioyaeaiee ii/oe anae aeecie ae?aaieo ainoi/iuo oeeaeeecaoeee
?aeeaeiciua i?aaenoaaeaiey e nai ie?oaeathuee ie? aiieiuaeenue a aeaea
ieoia.
1. Ie? a ca?eaea ieoia
*aeiaae, oaaioaoee a yiioo oeeaeeecaoeee, oai ia iaiaa, i?iaeieaeae, eae
e a ia?aiauoiua a?aiaia, /oanoaiaaoue naay /anoueth i?e?iaeu. Yoi
iiaeoaa?aeaeatho ieou iiiaeo ia?iaeia, a eioi?uo ?anneacuaaaony i oii,
/oi /aeiaae i?iecioae io ?aciuo /anoae i?e?iaeu: ieioue aai — io caiee,
e?iaue — io aiaeu, einoe — io eaiiae, aeuoaiea — io aao?a, a aeaca — io
nieioea.
Ieo — a aoeaaeueiii ia?aaiaea n a?a/aneiai «neiai». Neacaiea, a ia?aciie
oi?ia ia?aaeathuaa i?aaenoaaeaiea i ie?a, aai i?ienoiaeaeaiee, i aiaao e
aa?iyo.
Iaaey — a ia?aaiaea n a?a/aneiai icia/aao «/a?iaeaenoai», «aieoaanoai».
N ae?oaie noi?iiu, e i?e?iaea iaaeaeyeanue /aeiaa/aneeie /a?oaie. Caa?e
e ioeoeu, iaaaniua naaoeea, eaiie, aea?aauey, enoi/ieee — ana yoi
n/eoaeinue iaeooaaeaiiui e noiaeiui n /aeiaaeii.
A i?e?iaea ae?aaiee /aeiaae, aua aeiaieueii aaniiiiuiue, aeaeae iaeea
iac?eiua e oaeinoaaiiua iiao/ea neeu. Ii eo ia iuoaeenue, aea e ia iiaee
enneaaeiaaoue, aiaeece?iaaoue n iiiiuueth ?acoia. I?e?iaeo iaiaeanoaeyee
e no?aieeenue aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia iaa n iiiiuueth iiiai/eneaiiuo
neiaeiuo ia?yaeia, o. a. i?eaaaaee e iaaee, aicieeoae aua a yiioo
ia?aiauoiinoe. N/eoaeinue, /oi aeey yoiai ioaeii eieoe?iaaoue oi, /oi
i?ienoiaeeo a ie?oaeathuai ie?a.
A eiaeeeneeo ?aeeaeiciuo oaenoao (Aaaeao), iai?eia?, iienuaaaony
ae?aaiee ia?yae, iaiaoiaeeiue aeey oiai, /oiau iioae aeiaeaeue. Ioaeii
auei i?eianoe a aea?oao eaeia-ieaoaeue aeeaioiia /a?iiai oeaaoa. A
ae?oaii ia?yaea ?ieue aeiaeaey auiieiye ae?aoe: iaeaoue ai ana /a?iia,
ii i?ieciinee caeeeiaiey, /oiau iiiaiyoue iai?aaeaiea aao?a. *aeiaae
aini?eieiae ie?oaeathuee ie? n aiaoiae noi?iiu, aua ia iuouay ?acieoeu
iaaeaeo oi?iie e niaea?aeaieai, i?e/eiie e neaaenoaeai. Ionthaea e
no?aiiay aeey nia?aiaiiiai /aeiaaea eiaeea, ia eioi?ie iniiaai ia?yae:
aeiaeaeue eaeao iioiio, /oi oo/e /a?iua.
Aiae oaeaea auee oanii naycaiu n i?e?iaeie e aiieiuaee aa neeu, aeia?ua
eee ceua. Iaeaieaa ae?aaiea aa?iaaiey eaaeaee a iniiaa eoeueoa
aeeaioiuo-aiaia, eioi?ue i?ioeaaoae a Aaeioa. Eaaeaeay iaeanoue eiaea
naieo aiaia-iie?iaeoaeae, eioi?ua aaee naia i?ienoiaeaeaiea io
ia?aiauoiuo oioaiia.
Aaeioyia aa?eee a aiaa Aioaena, oicyeia iiaecaiiiai oea?noaa, o eioi?iai
auea aieiaa niaaee. Aiaeiy iaaa Oaoi? ecia?aaeaeanue a aeaea ei?iau, a
aia Niaae, naycaiiue n eoeueoii nieioea, eiae aieiao e?ieiaeeea.
Aa?iaeio, aaee/aeoee ae?aaiaa?a/aneee enoi?ee, iienuaae no?aiiue aeey
a?aeia iau/ae aaeioyi iieeiiyoueny aeeaioiui. A Oeaao, aaea ii/eoaaony
aia Niaae, aeeoaee «ei?iyo ioai?iiai e?ieiaeeea, naeaeaaoe aai ?o/iui,
aaoatho aio a ooe na?ueae ec noaeea e cieioa, ia ia?aaeiea eaiu
iaaeaaatho eieueoea». Iaeiaei oaea a ninaaeieo iaeanoyo, aaea auee
i?eiyou ae?oaea eoeueou, e?ieiaeeeia oiio?aaeyee a ieuo, ia n/eoay eo
nayuaiiuie aeeaioiuie.
Oioaieci — aa?a a naa?ouanoanoaaiioth naycue iaaeaeo ieaiaiai, iaueiie,
o. a. a?oiiie ethaeae, e eaeei-eeai aeeaioiui, ioeoeae e o. ae. Oioaieci
— iaeia ec ia?auo nooiaiae ?aeeaeiciiai niciaiey.
Neeu i?e?iaeu iaiaeanoaeyeenue e a Aaaeeiia, aaea iieeiiyeenue aiao
aiaeu Ya, ecia?aaeaaoaiony a aeaea iieo?uau-iieo/aeiaaea. Ii aeaaiia
ianoi caieiaee iaiaeanoaeaiiua iaaaniua naaoeea. Aiciiaeii, iioiio, /oi
a aeecie yoie oeeaeeecaoeee ia?iiioth ?ieue ea?aee ?aceeau ?ae e
iaaiaeiaiey, ia/aei eioi?uo ae?aoeu au/eneyee ii caacaeai.
Ae?aaiea eiaeeeoeu ia?aiia/aeueii oiaea iieeiiyeenue neeai i?e?iaeu:
aiao iaiy — Aaie, aiao a?iia — Eiae?a, nieioeo — No?uea.
Aaaeiaeoaa cia/aiea a nenoaia ieoieiae/aneeo i?aaenoaaeaiee eiae,
eiia/ii, ia?ac iioonoi?iiiae aeecie. Nia?oue aini?eieiaeanue eae
ia?aoiae a eiie ie?, iaei /ai ioee/athueeny io caiiiai. Aaeioyia,
iai?eia?, aa?eee, /oi aaea-oi ia caiaaea eaaeeo oaeinoaaiiue ie?
ia?oauo; oai ethaee aaaeoo i?eia?ii oo aea aeeciue, /oi e ia caiea.
Oia?oee /aeiaae, /oiau aeia?aoueny ooaea, aeieaeai i?aiaeieaoue
i?aiyonoaey e oaa?a/ueny io ceuo aeaiiiia.
Iuoaynue ?acaaaeaoue ia?ac?aoeioth oaeio nia?oe, /aeiaae niiaa
ioiaeaeanoaeye naay n i?e?iaeie. Oae ?iaeeeny ieo i aiaa Ine?ena —
i?i?inoai ca?ia, e aai a?aoa Nyoa, eioi?ue ieeoeaoai?ye aeey aaeioyi cei
e nia?oue. ?anna/aiiia ia eonee oaei Ine?ena, oaeoiai naiei a?aoii,
nia?aea aeaia Ine?ena — Eceaea. Iia ?iaeeea Ine?eno nuia Ai?a, eioi?ue
?ani?aaeeny n Nyoii e aine?anee naiaai iooea.
Ine?en, eioi?ue nia/aea aue aiaii caieaaeaeey, ?anoeoaeueiinoe,
iinoaiaiii i?aa?aoeeny a aiaa ia?oauo. Ia?yae iia?aaaiey a Aaeioa
aini?iecaiaeee nthaeao ieoa aeey oiai, /oiau oia?oee, oiiaeiaeaoenue
Ine?eno, aine?an a eiii ie?a. N yoie aea oeaeueth i?ieciineeenue
iaae/aneea oi?ioeu e caeeeiaiey, iaeaa/aaoea, eae aa?eee aaeioyia,
ia?aoiae /aeiaaea a caa?iaiue ie?. Aaaeue ia iooe e iaio ioaeii auei
i?aiaeieaoue i?aiyonoaey, aeiaeoueny, /oiau aeaiiiu e aiae oueiu
i?iionoeee aeooo e aiaai naaoa.
Eiia/ii, ia i?ioyaeaiee anae enoi?ee ae?aaiaai ie?a /aeiaae aini?eieiae
ie?oaeathuoth aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue ia oieueei /a?ac ieou. Iinoaiaiii
noaee iiyaeyoueny ca/aoee iiaiai, ?aoeeiiaeueiiai ioiioaiey e ie?o.
Aieueooth ?ieue caeanue nua?aei ecia?aoaiea ienueiaiiinoe, oae eae naii
ii naaa aeaaeaiea ienueiii ?acaeaaei eiae/aneia iuoeaiea. E?iia oiai,
ienueiaiiinoue iiiiaaea oaea?aeaoue e ia?aaeaoue neaaeothuei iieieaieyi
aieueoie iauai eioi?iaoeee, e yoi nicaeaaaei aaco aeey i?ia?anna ciaiee.
Ia neo/aeii a Aaeioa aeaeeioaee, iaoiaeeaoeany i?e o?aiao, iacuaaee
«aeiiaie aeecie». Ii ia?a ?acaeoey o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, iaeiieaiey
iiuoa noaee iiyaeyoueny ia?aua anoanoaaiiiiao/iua ciaiey.
A yiioo ae?aaiinoe oaea auee caeiaeaiu iniiau ano?iiiiee, iaaeeoeeiu,
iaoaiaoeee, e iiiaea ioe?uoey, naeaeaiiua a oa a?aiaia, aei neo ii?
oaeeaeytho o/aiuo. Iaeiaei ?inoee ?aoeeiiaeueiiai niciaiey, ?iaeea
iiiuoee iao/iiai iniuneaiey ie?a ia auee i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiu ieoieiaee, a
i?e/oaeeeaui ia?acii ia?aieaoaeenue n iae. Iiyoiio, iai?eia?, a
?aoeaioao a?a/ae i?aaeienaiey /enoi iaaeeoeeineiai oa?aeoa?a ie?ii
oaeeaaeenue n iaae/aneeie oi?ioeaie, eioi?ua, ii iiaieth eaea?ae, auee
noieue aea iaiaoiaeeiu aeey caei?iauey aieueiiai.
?aoeeiiaeueiue — a ia?aaiaea n eaouie icia/aao «?acoiiue»,
«oeaeaniia?aciue», «iainiiaaiiue». ?aoeeiiaeueiia iuoeaiea, iniiaaiiia
ia caeiiao ?acoia, eiaeee e iao/iuo aeinoeaeaieyo, a aeaiiii neo/aa
i?ioeaiiinoaaeyaony ieoieiae/aneiio, ia?aciiio iuoeaieth.
Oeaio?aie ciaiee, i/aaaie i?inaauaiey auee ai?iaea e o?aiu, oae eae
eiaiii a ieo eiioeaio?e?iaaeenue ia?aciaaiiua, aeaaeathuea a?aiioie
ethaee, eioi?ua nicaeaaaee ienueiaiioth eoeueoo?o. AE?aoeu a oi a?aiy
auee e o/aiuie, aea?aeaaoeie a naieo ?oeao naiua nie?iaaiiua ciaiey.
?ani?ino?aiaiea ienueiaiiie eoeueoo?u i?ienoiaeeei e iioiio, /oi
ainoaea?noao aeey iiiieiaiey aaeieieno?aoeaiiai aiia?aoa o?aaiaaeny
iinoiyiiue i?eoie a?aiioiuo ethaeae. Iau/ii iie iaae?aeenue ec /enea
oao, eoi o/eeny a oeieao e o?aiao. ?acoiaaony, a yoe oeieu /anoi
iinooiaee, ?oeiaiaenoaoynue i?aeoe/aneeie eioa?anaie, no?aiynue,
iai?eia?, caiyoue auaiaeiia iieiaeaiea /eiiaieea. Ii iacaaeneii io yoiai
a ae?aaieo oeeaeeecaoeeyo iaaeeaiii ?anoe?yeny e?oa ethaeae, aeaaeathueo
ciaieyie e niiniaiuo yoe ciaiey ?acaeaaoue.
2. Iiaue ia?ac ie?a
Eoae, ia?aua anoanoaaiiiiao/iua ciaiey ia ?ac?ooeee ieoieiae/aneie
ea?oeiu ie?a, oioy iinoaiaiii iiaeoa/eaaee aa. Iaeaieaa ?aoeoaeueiue
oaea? ii ieoieiae/aneiio niciaieth aue iaianai a I ouny/aeaoee aei i.
y., i?eia?ii n VIII ii II a. i?iecioae aaaeiaeoee ia?aai?io a aeooiaiie
aeecie /aeiaa/anoaa. Iaeioi?ua enoi?eee iacuaatho aai ?aaiethoeeiiiui. A
yoo yiioo iacaaeneii ae?oa io ae?oaa, ii/oe iaeiia?aiaiii iiiaea
oeeaeeecaoeee ae?aaiinoe (iaeiaei ia ana) noaee no?ieoue iiaoth nenoaio
i?aaenoaaeaiee i ie?a. ?ac?ooaiea ieoieiae/aneiai aini?eyoey ie?a, n aai
niieieiie onoie/eainoueth e iuouaieai ecaa/iie iiaoi?yaiinoe a aeecie
i?e?iaeu e ethaeae, canoaaeei /aeiaaea ?aoaoue iiaua neiaeiua aii?inu.
Ia?anoaa /oanoaiaaoue naay /anoueth i?e?iaeu, ii noae eia/a niio?aoue ia
naay, iuooee naay eae ee/iinoue, ii iaeiia?aiaiii iniciae e naia
iaeeii/anoai, oaean ie?oaeathuaai ie?a e naith aaniiiiuiinoue. Ia?aae
iei ioe?ueanue aeenaa?iiiey aeecie, e /aeiaae iuoaeny iiiyoue aa caeiiu,
au?aaioaoue iiaia e iae ioiioaiea. E aeaaiia, ia/ae nicaeaaaoueny ia?ac
eaeaaeueiiai ie?a, a eioi?ii /aeiaa/anoai no?aieeinue iniciaoue, eaeeie
aeieaeiu auoue ie?, ethaee e ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ieie.
Oaia?ue oaea nia?oue ia aini?eieiaaony eae i?inoia i?iaeieaeaiea caiiiai
nouanoaiaaiey. A iioonoi?iiiee ie? ia?aiineony eaeaae ni?aaaaeeeaie e
aa?iiie/ii ono?iaiiie aeecie. Nicaeaaony /aoeay i?aanoaaiiay nenoaia
eii?aeeiao: a?aoiaiinoue caiiiai ie?a i?ioeaiiinoaaeyaony /enoioa
iaaaniiai. A yoo yiioo oi?ie?othony ?aeeaee nianaiey, iniiaaiiua ia
aeaoaeueii! ?ac?aaioaiiie yoeea, n iiiiuueth eioi?ie iiaeii
inaiaiaeeoueny io a?aoia, ia?ano?ieoue naay e aeeciue oaeei! ia?acii,
/oiau iia ioaa/aea aunieei o?aaiaaieyi aiaeanoaaiiie ni?aaaaeeeainoe.
Aia oaia?ue ieeoeaoai?yao ia oaeinoaaiiua neeu i?e?iaeu, a
ni?aaaaeeeainoue, aunoee eaeaae aeia?a. Aeey oiai /oiau iieo/eoue aai
aeaaiaieaiea, ioaeii ia i?eaaaaoue e iaaee, a niaa?oainoaiaaoue naay eee
ie?oaeathuee ie?.
A Eiaeee ?aeeaeyie nianaiey auee aoaeaeeci e eiaeoeci; a Eeoaa
ca?iaeaeaaony eiioooeeainoai; a E?aia Ca?aoono?a i?iiiaaaeiaae o/aiea i
ie?a eae ia a?aia ai?ueau aeia?a e cea; a Iaeanoeia i?i?iee Eeey, Enaey
e Ea?aiey iaee/aee ia?iae e oea?ae Ec?aeey e ioe?uaaee iooue e
i?aanoaaiiiio i/euaieth. ?acee/iua oeeinioneea oeieu ca?iaeaeathony a
A?aoeee.
Aeaaea a oeeaeeecaoeeyo, ia cao?iioouo yoei aeiaaeueiui ia?aai?ioii,
oaeaea i?ienoiaeeee iaeioi?ua eciaiaiey.
A eeoa?aoo?a Aaaeeiia ?aii iiyaeythony iioeau, a eioi?uo io?aceeinue
aieaa neiaeiia, ioee/iia io ieoieiae/aneiai aini?eyoea aeecie.
Aacuiyiiue aaoi?, ?aciuoeyy i i?ioeai?a/eainoe ono?ienoaa ie?a e
/aeiaaea, i?ioeaiiinoaaeyao caiiui caeiiai iaaaniua: «Ii/oaiea e oea?th
y noaaee auniei e o/ee ia?iae oaaaeaieth i?aae aeai?oeii. I, anee au y
aue oaa?ai, /oi yoi oaiaeii Aiao! Eai, /oi naiiio /aeiaaeo eaaeaony
aeaaii?eyoiui, ia?aae Aiaii auaaao ia?cinoueth, a /oi aeey aai na?aeoea
iacia/eoaeueii, iaoiaeeo o Aiaa ieeinoue». Aeia?iaeaoaee
«ioeoeeaeueiua», naycaiiua n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth iiae/eiyoueny
ainoaea?noao, eaaeoony aaoi?o yaii iaaeinoaoi/iuie. Ii oaea niooii
/oanoaoao, /oi iaiaoiaeeii ia/oi eiia — ciaiea eaeeo-oi aunoeo
i?aanoaaiiuo caeiiia.
A Aaeioa aua ai II ouny/aeaoee aei i. y. iiyaeyaony oaia caa?iaiiai
noaea, ia eioi?ii ioeaieaathony a?aoe e i?aaaaeiua iinooiee /aeiaaea. A
caoiieieiuo oaenoao aianoa n iaae/aneeie oi?ioeaie aeaaony naiaia?aciia
i?aanoaaiiia ii?aaaeaiea oia?oaai: «ss ia oai?ee iai?aaaaeiiai
ioiineoaeueii ethaeae, y ia oaeaae naieo aeeaeieo, y ia aeaeae ia?cinoe
aianoi i?aaaeu. Ia i?aauneei eiy iia naiaai naia, ia canoaaeye y ?aaia
iieo aieiaeaoue, ia aue aeiiaieeii aaaeiinoe ieueo, ia inoaeaeae ieeiai
i?aae ia/aeuenoaii, ia i?e/eiye no?aaeaiey, ia canoaaeye ieaeaoue, ia
oaeaae e ia canoaaeye oaeaaoue». Oaeie ia?a/aiue aiciiaeiuo a?aoia
aiai?eo i oii, /oi a Aaeioa ia/aea neeaaeuaaoueny nenoaia i?aanoaaiiuo
i?aaenoaaeaiee, ioaa/athuay iauaaoiaienoe/aneei o?aaiaaieyi, «aa/iui»
ii?iai ii?aee.
Iaeiaei e a Aaeioa, e a Aaaeeiia ana yoe ii?uau e iiaiio ia nicaeaee
iiuiie oaiaeaioeee, eioi?ay iiaea au nouanoaaiii eciaieoue aeooiaioth
aeeciue yoeo oeeaeeecaoeee.
?aeeaee nianaiey (aoaeaeeci, eiioooeeainoai, eoaeaeci, ci?iano?eci)
iaiiaeee, «iiieiaeeee» oa oeeaeeecaoeee, eioi?ua aeaee ei ?iaeaeaiea, e
i?iecioei yoi eae ?ac iaeaioia caaa?oaiey enoi?ee ae?aaiaai ie?a e
i?eaeeaeaiey iiaie yiioe — n?aaeiaaaeiauey.
?aeeaee nianaiey cia/eoaeueii ioee/athony ae?oa io ae?oaa; aii?inu i
niioiioaiee caiiiai e iaaaniiai, i aiciiaeiinoe eee iaaiciiaeiinoe
i?aia?aciaaoue ie?oaeathuee ie? ?aoathony a ieo ii-?aciiio (eae eiaiii —
au ociaaoa a neaaeothueo aeaaao). E ai iiiaii eiaiii io aa?eaioa ?aoaiey
yoeo aii?inia caaenaei aeaeueiaeoaa nouanoaiaaiea oeeaeeecaoeee, oae eae
?aeeaeiciay yoeea eiaea aieueoia cia/aiea a i?ioeanna neeaaeuaaiey
oeeaeeecaoeeiiiuo o?aaeeoeee — iaeaieaa onoie/eauo yeaiaioia a
enoi?e/aneii ?acaeoee oeeaeeecaoeee.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
1) Aaa? I. Anaie?iay enoi?ey : a 4 o. / Inea? Aaa?. – Ecae. eni?. e
aeii. – NIa.: Niaoe. eeo., 1997.
2) Ei?ieaa E. Aieiu aioe/iiai ie?a: Iaeaaeiineee aaiaeo. — I. : ACT ;
NIa.: Terra Fantastica, 2003. — 512 n
3) Oioi, I. Ae?aaiyy ioae?inoue Aoeaioeaeu: Eaaaiaeu e oaeou ia
en/acioaoae eieuaaee oeeaeeecaoeee / Ia??e Oioi; [Ia?. n aiae. E.
Ieo?ioaiiaie]. – Eeaa: Nioey, 2000. – 190 n. – Aeaeeia?.: n. 184-185.
Oeo? ?IA: 2001
4) Oeoaiiae/ TH.I. 350 aaeeeeo. E?aoeia aeeciaiienaiea i?aaeoaeae e
iieeiaiaeoeaa ae?aaiinoe. Ae?aaiee Ainoie; Ae?aaiyy A?aoeey; Ae?aaiee
?ei / TH.I. Oeoaiiae/, A.A. Eiceaiei. – Ieine: Nia?ai. neiai, 2005. –
480 n.
5) O?ieia Y.Ae. A?aoeey a yiioo iicaeiae eeanneee: Iauanoai. Ee/iinoue.
Aeanoue / Y.Ae. O?ieia. – NIa. : AA, 2001. – 598 n.
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