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«I???? ????a A????. I??y ???y ? O???»
1. I????ey ??? ?????a. E????.
I?? ?????? ??i, o?????? ? O??? a 1799 a., ?e ????i ?????? ??? ???????o
??????? a ??? e ??? ???e ?y??? ?????? ??eth?oth ???eth. A? ??? ?? ???a
??????, «??y a???ey» – ???????e e ?????. A ??a 1799 a. ?? ??y? ??y
E????ey, ???y ??????a ??i ??????e ??o ????? e ?uy?? ??????i ????? ???
y????a. Ai O??? ???y?? ???????y ??a ????y. I?????? a ???a ?? ???? ?
????e ?ny????i ??a ????i ?????eth. Ii ????? ??? ???a a ?? ???i ???a –
I???? A????, a ?a ??? ???a ???? ??? ??????i ???i.
I??e ??? ?????? a ??o ??o ?????? ???, ????? ? ??? ???a e ??ae??? ????e,
?????i ?? ????? e ???e ????e. C?i?????y ??? ?????? A??????i? N??o, O????
e C???????o ???o. I??? ??????? ?? ?????. N 1800 a. ? ??a ??????a ?ee
????? ???? – ?????e ???i ???a. Iy? ???a e ???? ??i ?????ue ?e ??o?
????e.
A 1802 a. ?e ???? ????o, ???e ????? ???? ? I????i A????i ?? ???i ???a,
?????e ?o ??i ????? ??? ???? e ????ue ?? ????a.
I?ay ??? ??? ????e o ???. A ???e A???o ??e ?? ? ????o ???a ????ey ??e
???. A 1801 a. ? ??th?e ????o n ??e I?i VII. Ii ???yi y?? ???? ??????
?uy?y?? «???? ?????a ?????. I?a ????e ?????? ????a ??e ???? ??????ueth
ae ??o ?????. A?????u ??? ?? ?????y ?????i ??????? e ??i ?????ny ??e.
E?????a ?????i ??? a?i ?????? ??? ????.
2. O?????a ???e. E??? I????.
I??a A?a??a ?????? ????e ???? ? ???u ?e ???????, ?e e ?y???. A ???a
1804a. ???y ???? ???ioth ???o ???? ?y???, ???a ???? ???? ???i ??o?.
I????o ?????? ???e. A???o ??e ???? ????i? ??u, ???ath?a ????o A???i. A
??a 1804 a. ? ???? ??y? ae??i ?????y ? ????eth ????i ????? A????i, ????
e ???e ??? ???a Y?????, ???????i e A????? ??! A??a ?e ???? a I?? e ???
????yi. I?? y?o ??o? I???i ?uy?e ?ith ??? ??????? e a ?a 1804 a. ? ??ye
??e ????? ????a.
I??ae ????y I???? ???i ?????e ??o ?? ??a, ???a ???ey? ?i ??oth ???, ??a
??a??-y?????? e ?????? ????y, ????a a ????. N?aee ??????o ????a ???a ???
???? ?? A????? ???, ????? ??i i???a E???????. A??? ??i a ?i ???? ???,
???y?? ???th ??????ue. E??n ???eye ???i ???u ???? ?????????a e ???ye
???o ???y??y ????? ? ??u?eth. A??? ???? ??y?? ???? ????yi. E???? ??
???????ue ?e ??ay ??????ue ??; ?? e ?? ? ??e ??????o ??, A 1807 a.
A????? ??? ???e a ??. A?e ??a ??a? O???e e O???? ???u (1808). I????
?????? ???a ????y ? ???? ?ny????? ? ???th ??????ue.
A 1799-1804 ?. ?i??? ?????? ??? ??? I???? A????. Ii ??? ??th ??o ????y a
?????? – ????oth ???eth, a ??? ???e ???e ???????e ?e???y?.
3. O???? e ?? ??????? ??.
A?? n ???e ????e. O????? e A????.
I?? ???? ??? ???? (1801) I???i ??? ?????e ???????? ???. A1802 a. O??ey
????a I???, a a ??oth?i ?? ??????? ????eth ???????? ????? a O???? e
????? ?ae ?e ?? ????. A 1803 a. ??????ue ??a n A???, ???? ????? e ????th
? ? ????eth.
Ia ??? OOO-O1O ??a O??ey ?? ??i ???i ???????? ?????? C???e A??u. Aa ???a
??????i ? ????? ?? ?????. O??ey ???ea ??????e ???, ???y ??????ue ? ???
???? ??n?e ?????. O????ay ????ey e ????? ??? ?? ?a ?i????. Ia ????a ??u
?????ue ???? ????a ???u e a???u. I???i ??? e ???????? ???a ??u ?e ???
???? ??e. A? ???? ???e e ???????? ??? ????y n ?????? ???th??, ???eth??,
??? ?????, ????i? ?????th. I??y? ? ??th, I???i ???ny a ??iy?? ????? ??e
??? ??? ???? e ????ey?.
A ?? E????? e ???e ??u O??? ?????? ?????? ? ??eth???o a ???????,
???????, ??? ???i Aa?? ????a ?????a. Oe?ueth ?? ?? ??? e ????? ??o
?????, ?ay???a ???? ?y O??? ???? ????a, ???a??a ? ????e a A??a. N ???
???u, ?y ????i-??eth??n?o ??i A??u ??????? ??u ??e ????? ?????y.
Ii-???yAe????a I????i ??eth???? ???i, ? ?c ????e ? ??????a ????ue ??i
????a ???u e ????i-?????? ??????ey.
E?? 1805 a. ?? ???a ??uey ???????y ???ey, a ??? ???e ??e A??y, ???y,
A??ey, O??y, Ae?ey e E????? ??o N???. A ??i ???ey ??a ????ue ??a 500 ?n.
???. Aa ??th ?? ???? ?????o ??e ? A???e, E??e, O????, A???? e ?????y
??????o ???a. Nith??e ??????e ?? ???a ?? ? ??????? E??y?e? ???.
A???????ue y?i, I???i ????? ?????a ??? ? ??i e ???e ??????? ?????th ??th
??? ???? O?i. A ?y?a 1805 a; ?????y ??y ???? a A?o.
O? ???ai ????? ??? e ???e ?????e ??e ?????ue a *??. I???i ??? ???a ?
??????? ????a ?????? ??a o ?? O?????, ?a ????ay y??? ?ae ??????i ????
I??i? 21 ?oy?y 1805 a. ????? ???-???a ?? O??? a N????? ??. A???? ????
??oth ???. A ?? E?? a???? ?? ??ue y??? ???? A???a, ?i ? ?e ???i. A??y
???? ???e ????? ??.
A?? ???e Ao???oe ?????ue ??? O??? e ???-?????ay ??y. Y? ???? ???? ????
«??u ?? ??????. Oe?ue A???? ??e ?? n???a ? ?????? ??o, ??????o n ?????
????? e ????, ???? ??o ??????oth?? I.E.E???a ? ????ue* ?y ? ???ey
??????. 2 ???y 1805 a. ?????y e ???y ??e ?? ????th ?????u. A???? ??????
?e?? e ??, ?i ??ue ???o ??e ????ue ? ??? ?? ???? ??a, ???e I???i ????
???ey? y??e, e ???a ???a ??u ??e ?ith ??? a ?i ???? ??o.
I?? A????a A??ey ????a ??? ???? n O???e a I???? (A????a). O??ey ????? ?
th?? ????? ????? «????e ?th? ?ae ??i ????????, e E??y??? ?????o ??????
A??eth, E??th e Ae???th. A???oth ????? ??????e a A????? ?????i, ???i
???? I???i ???? ??? ??a Eth???.
4. ???? I???. A?? n ?o??? ????e. E??????ay ???a e O????? ??.
????? A??eth, I???i ???? ?? ? I?n?th e ??a???e ? ? ???? 200-?ny?oth
??th. A eth? 1806 a. ??o ???? e I???e ?e ???? ?th?? ????, ???e ???e ???
?????eth ????e ???ee. E ?th??? ??????? A??y e O??y. Ii 14 i?y?y 1806 a.
?????? ?ae E?? e Aoy???thi ???a ?? ???? ??e ?? ???u. E???e ????ue ?? ?
??ie. I??????y ??y ???? a A??i.
21 ?y?y 1806 a. I???i ???? A????e ??? i ???????e ???a. Y?o ??? ???? ??
????i ? O??? ????o?i ????ue n A???. I??ya ???o ? ???a ????a a A??th, ~
I???i ??e ???? ??? y?????e, ??? ?y ?a ??e A??u. C??????th ???? I???i
????e ????ey? ???i ???? ? ?????.
A 1807a. I???i ???? ??????? ?????a ??, ????? a i?? A??e e ? ???e. A??y ?
??e ???u ?uy?? ???o ??ia O??? e ? ????. A????e ?? ?????? ?????a ??, ???
n ???? ? O??eth.
O? ???? ???a ???ey ??????. I?? ???? I??? I???i ??? ?? ??? ??? ???e ??e.
6 ???y 1807 a. o I???-Y?? a Ai???e I??? ????i ??????? ????. I? ??e ???e
i???a ???, ? ???a ??? ??y? ? ?? ?y. A??? I???? ? ???ue ???? ???. Ii a
???? o O??a?a 14 ethiy ???y ??y ?? ???a.
???y ????? ???a ?e. A??? e ?????? ???u ?? ? ???, ??? ? A?e? ? ????a.
?????a ??????i ??? ?? ??th??y ?????? ????ey n I????i. N ??? ???u, O??ey
???? ?? ??????? ????e. N? ?y ????? ??u n ???? y?i ? ???i. O??o ?y O???
?a???y? A??ey, ???y ???????a ?? ??a ????e e ???a ???a. I?? A????? I e
I????i ?ay??? ??? ?????. A??? ??o ?????a a O???a (?? a. N??? E???????
???e ???e) ?????ue 7 ethey 1807 a. ?????i ???? i ?? e ?th?.
Ii O?????o ?? ???y ????? ??ae ? I??? ?a????e ??e ???, ? ???o ?????ue
A?????a ????o? e A????a ?????, A???e n ???ath?i ???i ???e e ???e; Ae??a
(A???) ?uy?y?y ???i ???i. ???y ??y? ?y????? ????? ??o n O??? e ??ue
?????i a ??? ?????o ??o O???e e A???. O??ey ?y???? ????ue ?????i a
?????o ??o O??? e ????. ???y ????iy?? e ???a???? ???a. O????? ?? ????
?ith ? ????y I???? a ???th a 1812 ??.
5. A???? ?????o ??e a E??eth e I????th. A?? n A???e.
I?? ? ??i, ???y ??? ? ??? ????iy?ny e ???????e ???a, ?? I????y. I???
I???? ???ue ? ?a ???? ? ???? ?????. O?? ? ???y ? En??e ???ey ? ??? a
I????th ?????e ??e. Ia ???a I?o??? ????a A??y, ???y ??a ?? ??? ? ????eth
y?e ??? e ????a ????a ?? ???.
I?? y?? I???i ???? ??? ? E??eth, e?? ????o A???a ???? e ???? ???i ???
??a AE??a. I??i a En??e ???? ???????ay ???????y ??a, ???y ???? O??eth
?n?? a y? ??? ?????? ???? ?????u.
C?y?? ??? a E??? ???????ue ?????a ??????i e ??i ????ny e ???o. I???i ?e
????? i ????? A??? e ??a e ???? ???a ??ey, ??u ? ??n?? ??? ?????ey.
C????? ????? ????y O??? e ???e. A??? ?? ?????a a Y??? ? ?y? ??y???? a
????yo ?????. I?????? ???e ?? ??? ??a??i ???????e ????, ???y ???y? ???o
????a e e??a ????? ?????y ???? n A???. O????? ??????i ?????i e ???? ???i
???eyi ??? ???e E?i, O?oeeth, O??th, e ? 1808 a. ???y ????? ?? ?e ??u.
A ? ? ??y ???y ? ??? ????ey A??? e ??? a ?e ????? ??????? O???. Iiy??
?i?ey ????? ???? ???y a ???o ???eyo ??? A???, ?oy ? ???a a Y??? (?oy?ue
1808) A???? I ? ??th?e ?????ue ??u ???e ??? A???. Ii y? ?e ???????e ???.
I???i, a ?ith ???ue, ???? ? ??? ??????th e ???e I???e, A??? e O?ey??.
A 1809 a. A??y e A??ey ??th?? ?thc e ????e iy?th ???????th ???eth.
A????ay ??y ?? ??? ?????? e ?????a a ??o ?y?o ??a 300 ?n. ???e. A?????
???u, ????? ??????? ????, ????ue n ???i ?????? e ????i. 5-6 ethey 1809
a. I???? n ???i ??? ???ue ???e ????a ?????e ??e o A???. I?? ??i ??? e
???o n ??o ??? a y?i ?th ????i 40 ?n. ???e.
14 ?oy?y 1809a. ?e ???? O?????e ??? ????. A??ey ???? ???? ????? e ??? e
??th. C???? ??? e A???. E??th e O??o I???i ????e n Ae???? e ?????e e
O???, ??? E???n?e ?????. A??ey ?y???? ??????ny e ???????e ???a, ?????
?ith ??th ? 150 ?n. ???e, ???? O??? ?????th.
6. I????a O??ee e ??a n ????.
E???y ?? ??????? ???e ??iy? a ????? ?????? e ???? ?????. Aeey y?? O???
????? ?? ????? e ??? ???iy????e ?a ???a ????o? ????? e, ??? ??i, A??th e
???th. I???ey ??o O???e e ???? ??e ??i ????ny ?a n 1810 a. Nithc,
??th??? a O???a, ??e ?????y. I???i i??? ???? ? ??? ??????th e ???e ????o
?y??a e i????e O??th e E?i e ??a n ????. I???ath?yny ??????iay ???a ??a
????a ????y ??o ??y ????. N????a a??a a A??th ??a, ??, ??? e ?? ???y?
???o ????a e ?i?a, A 1YAeI a. ?????ue ???u ? ?? a ???th ?????o ???a.
Na???i ????, ?????i ????y ???e e O???, ?? ??????a I????i ????? A????? a
???? ???? ????a e ?thc?? ??? ?????e ???e.
N ??a 1810 a. I???i ????e e ????? ??u n ????, ??a ???? ???e ? ?????y
??????y ? ??i ????i e ???i ?????i – A???. E???i? O??? ?????i ???e ??u ?
?a ???. A?a ???a ???ay, ?e ????ay «A??ay ??y», a ???e ??????ue ??i 610
?n. ???e e 1 372 ??ey, ??? ??a ???? ? ???ey? ???? ?????u ?th??? O??? –
????, ?????a, ?????, ?????, ??uey??a, ????, ????a e ??? ??e.
I???i ???ye ?????a ???e, ????? ? ??????o, ???? e ????o ????. I???e ?y?a
? ??? ?????a ???i-????? ?????a. TH?? ???e ???e I???i ?????e ???? O??e e
E??. A ?i ??????? ??? ?e ??ae ??c C????a ? E?eth, ??u ?i ???e ???????
????a ?????.
???? ??????i ????? ??? ??u e ????? ????ue ? ???. ???? ?????, ????y ???a
e y?????? ?????y I????, a ????e, ??o a E???, ???ue ????i ?oy?? ???
?????? ??e?? e ???ue ??a ????y?oth ?y ???e ????????oth ????? a ?????
??th??y A?????? ???i ???? 1812 a. n O??? e ????? ?th??i ???? ? O??? (???
1812). E?? ??, ???y ??? ????ue ?? ??e ??e e ???e ? ?????ue ? 900 ?n.
???e, a ?i ??a ???o ??e – ? 500 ?n. Ii, ????o ?????ay ??ue ??e ????? a
I???e, E??, ? E??ca, a O?ey?? e ? ????? ???o, ? ???? ???? ???ue e ethith
1812a. ??????ue ?? ??i 240 ?n. ???e ?e 934 ??eyo.
Y? ?? ???e a ??? ?? ??e: 1-y ??y ???? I.A. A??ay-?-O?? (127 o?. ?e.)
?????? ? ??????i ?????e, 2-y ??y I.E.A????a (48 ?n. ?e.) ????? ?????
?????a, 3-y ??y ???? A.I. O???? (46 ?n. ?e.) ????? ? ???? ?????e. I????
??? ???? I.E. Y?? (18,5 ?n. ?e.) ?????ny a ??? ??e. Aei ??? ?e? ?????
????a ?e.
7. A??? ????? A????a.
I?? ???? ???a I??e y???ey ???? ???? ? C?? ?e???. I??a ? ?o, ??aey? a
I??a, Ae???a, ??? ?????o ????, ??? ??? ???u ? ????o ???i???e O??? a
?????e ???i ????i ?????a. Ec ???? ???? ????e? ???u, ???a ??????? a
??????? ???? O???. I???a ??y? ??iy? ? ??? I???? ? ??y ??u 1806-1807 ?.
I??a?, n ??e ???u, ??i ??? ?ey?i a ???i ???o e ?????a ?????i. N ???
???u, I??eth, A??eth e ???th ????? ??ye a ????? a ? ???a ???? ???.
A????i A????a ?e A????a ?y??? ?? ???i a 1807 a. ?e ????? ? ????th e O???
?????i ? ??e i???o ???, ????? o I???. Y? ????i ????? ????ey O?????i ??.
Eiy?i ????? I???i ??? ?????i ??ey O???a-A???. O?????a ?? «I???, «????» a
???/??i ??? ? ?????ue.
A 1807a. a ?y??? ?? ????? ??ay ????ay ?????ue ???yi, a a 1808 a. ?e ???
?????e A????? ??en. A ?y??? ?????ue ??? ? ???u ?????e ??????e, ?????
????? ???. A 1809 a. I???i ?????e e A????? ?y??? C???th A??eth, ?????th
o A???. O????y ?y??aa ????? ??a ????? ?y ????y ? ???th.
Y. I??i ??u n ????. –
I?i I???? ??iye a ??oth?i: ? ???a «A??? ??? ??a 440 ?n. ???e ????? a ???
??e o ???e ???u; ??e?? ??? (160 ?n. ?e.) ??????ue a ???a ??o A??e e
I??i. N?e ???a ?? I???i ?????? ? ?? ?????yo: ??i – ?ae ?i ????????
??????i, ?????i – ?ae ??????i ??-??ey E??e Y. A??? e ??? – ?ae ??????i
??????i ??ey AE??a A????. Y? ??? ??? ?? ????th?? ???e ???? e ?e???ue ?
??yi 1-th e 2-th ???a ??e. Ia ??i ??? a ??? ??e ??o??e ???i-?????e ???
AE. I????? e ? ??? – ?????e ??? E. O?????a ??? 3-e ???e ??e.
A ?? ? 24 ethiy 1812 a. ??????ay ??y ?c ?uya??y ??u ???a ???th ???o ? ??
I?? a ??? E?? (E???). A???? ????ye ???o ????? ???a ???ey e ???? a??.
N y?e ??th 26 ethiy ? ??? ? A??i ? ?????a ????u ???e-?uth??a A.Ae.A???a
? ??i ??? ???i e I????, ? y? ??ey ????? ????.
I???yny ??a ???? ?????a* ????ia ??????i, ???a ????i ????? ??? ????i A??e
? ???u I????. 18 ethey, ????y ? ?????? ?????ey, ??o A??? e ???? ?e ????
?th?? ????.
A??? ?eueth I???? ?? ????a I???. Ii ???a ?????? ???i ??????? ???e I????.
E ??ay ??y A??ay-?-O??, e ??ay ??y A????a, ????, ??? ?? ? ?ay????i
?????? ???ey e ????ue ?? ??.
O?? I???i ??ye ???a, ? ?i ? ? ? ??i ???? ?????th y?o ???o ??e. Ii ?i
???e ?e ???: ???i ??yi ?a?? ?????y ???? ? N????. A ??? ????ey o N????
???y ??y ?????a 120 ?n. ???e ??? 200 ?n. ???e o I????. ???? ???th ??th ?
??yi ? ???ue. N??????e ?? I???? ????ny. Ca ??? io ??? ??u ?i ??y ???y?
???e, ????, ???? e ?????e 150 ?n. ???e. A??????ue e ????? ????ue,
???????? ?????i.
A ???i N????i ???? 4-6 ???a ???a ??? ?????i ?a??? ??? ?a- O?? ???y?o ?e
??a, ? ?a ? ????u ?? ???? ??ae. O?y ???ey A??ay-?-O?? ?? ?????e, ????i?
?????a ???i ???? ??????. I???? ?? ??iy? A??ay-?-O?? a ???. Y? ????
A????a I ????ue ??????oth?i ??e ???oth?? ??y? ??ey??i a ???o ????
I.E.E???a. E??? ??? a ??th e ??ye ?????? 17 (29) ???a 1812 a.
8. A????ay ??a e acy?a I??u.
A????? ???? ??o ???? e ?????? ???? ??iy?? 26 ???a (7 ??y?y) 1812 a. a
??? n. A???i a 110 ? e ??? ? I??u.
1-y ??y I.A.A??ay-?-O?? e 2-y ??y ???? I.E. A????a, ????? n 5 ???a ?
N???? ? ??? ? I??o ?ae ???? ????aey?o ?e ??a, ???? 17 ???a n.
Oe??i-C???, e?a ??? I.E. E???, ?????e ??????oth?i. E ??? 22 ???a a??? ??
???e ??e, ??ya ? ?? 15,6 ?n. ???e ????ey, ??a????? a ??? A???i, ?a E???
??e ?? ??o ?????a n???a.
I???i ??a, a ?ith ???ue, ????y ????? ???th ??th a ?????i ???ee. E?y
????a ??????i, I???i ???eny ???? ??? ???o ???e, ??? ? ??e ??a e ????
???e ??e ?? ? I??o, ??u ??i ?????? ???? a ???o ?i?? e ????ue ??????i
A????a I e ???ey?e.
E??? ???y ? ???? o A???i, ??u ???e ???? e ????? ???? ???o ??? ????
?????th ??th e ????? ? ?????a e I??a, ?????? ???? ??????? ???o ??e.
N??????i y?io ???o E??? ???? ???? ??? ??y?e. N?????a ??a ?? ??? ??e ?
??? ???, E??? ???i ???e I?oth N??i?oth ??? e, ?ay?a ????? ?????a ????,
???? ??e???a ???u ?y ????e.
I?? A????? ????i ???y ??y ?????a 120 ?n. ???e e 640 ???. A?ey I?i??a
?eth?? a ?ay 135 ?n. ???e e 587 ???. A?????o ???eth ?a????? ?e 24 ???a ?
O?????e ??o, ?a ???a ??? ?ae ??????i A.E.A???? ????? ???? ??e ????aey?o
?e ?????. O?????e ?e ?e ?????ue ???i ???i ????ue ??????? ??? ia ????
???yo: ? E???? ???, ?a ????? ???y A O.??a??i, o ???e N????ay, a? ??
?????u ??y?a ????ey n 36 ??ey? (A?????u ??e). Y?o ?e ???? E???o ?????,
?i ???? ?? I???? ??e?u ? ??? e ??e ??a ???e ??e.
7 ??y?y, ??? ???y?a ???, I???i ?????: «A? ?i, n??a A????a!» A?? ????.
I?? ????e ??????e ??ea ???? Ae?o, Iay e Ith?? ????e A?????u ??e. E??th
??? ?iy?? ??e? ??u. A????e ???ny ??? I.I. ?????, ??????e ?????o Iay e
Ith??. A ??a ?e ????? ??i ???e I.E.A????. I???i ? ???y ??? a ?e ?? ????e
??? – ??oth ???th: «Ca ????o ?a ? I??a y ? ?? ????ue ?? ????i ????».
E? ?c a yoi ??y a ?e e ????i ????? ????y Oa??a e ??? I???. O???u y???
????e, ? ????? ??th Eo??? ? ? ???ue. I????ue ??o ? ??oth?e ?? ???e
???e???th?e ? ??. I?ueth ???a ??? ?????ue a ???? ???u, ???? ????ey e
?????ue ??c I??o ? tha, ? ????y e ?aa ? ???y?a ???? ?????a ??e.
A????? ?a??a ?????ue. ???ay ??y ?????a ??a e ???a ?o ??????a ??? – ??a
58 ?n. ???e (?e 43%) ? ?? ??????o a ????. A?ey I???? ? Ae????? 10 ????a,
39 ????a ?? ???. A??e ?? ??? e ???e ??e: 44 ?n. ???e ???, a ?i ??a 23
????, ?, I???y ? y?, ???y ??y ????a ?eth e ???.
1 (13) ??y?y E??? ??? a O?yo ???e ??o. A?ue???i ????a ??????ue ? ??a
?a??a, ?oy e ? ?? ???u a ?i ???? ???. A????? ???? ??, E??? ?uy?e ?? ???y
???? I??o ?c ?y. «N ???e Ii??, -??? ?, – ? ???y? ?a ???y… Ii, ??a
?????y ??y, ???? I??a e ???y». I?y?a ???? ???? e ????, ?????i?th?e
?????e ?ye ?th ???????ue ? ?????y y?? ???y ? ?ay.
2(14) ??y?y ???a ??? ???? ??ae. A ??? ? ?? ????ey ??e I???? a [ I??o a
??? ???? ???, ??????ny ? 6(18) ??y?y e ?????? 2/3 ???. O???u ???? ?
????? ???, ????ue a ??i ????a ?? e ???u, ???e ??? ????a. E??? ???e ???
?y ?????o ????, ????u e ????u ???? ? ??????, ? ??? ??y?, ??? e ???e
????a.
I????i ?? ? ??. I???? ??? ???. I???i ??e ???? I??o. I??eyy ??ae, A???o
??e ??? ???? I??a ?i??ue ????? E??ue e ?? A??ey A????i. A??? ? ?? ??o??y
?????, ? ???e o ?? ?? ??. Aea e ? ???? ? ??ny a??iy? ??????a ????a. N??u
???? ???i ?? ?????. I????e ???. Ae??oe A???? ???e ? ???, ??u ??i E??y ??
???u.
9. I????? e ???i ??e I????.
E??? ???? ???? ????e ??? e, ???aey ??th n ?y???e ??? ? E???oth, ?????y a
O????? ???. C??a ???i I???? ??? ? tha ???e, ?????e ????e ?????th ??i??o
e ???? a ?????a.
I??????y ??y ????? ?a ????thu? ????e ? ??????y «??e ??? – ??? ???? ????o
?????? ??y?a, ????o E????, e ???y??o ?????? ??y?a, ????o ??????? ??? a
I?e? e ????? ? ????a.
Oy??a ????a ????i I???????? a ??? ???? ??????oth?? ?????? ???? AE.A
E???? n ???e ?????y?, ??????? A????o I. E??? ??? ?????y i ?? ?e ?????,
?y?a, ?i ??a ??? ????ny e ? ??o ????? ? ?o ??, ?? ?? ? ??o ??? n ???e
??e.
Ii ??o Eo???, a ????? C???e Ae?? e Ae??a ??y ???? *???a e ??? ????
A?????a ???e ????a ?????, ??? ?i ? I???. N???a O???a ? ?? *???a ??
?????u ???? ??? ???a Ith??.
6 (18) ?oy?y «A??ay ??y» ????i ???? ???n?th ???o. *?? 4 ?y a ???o ????
???n?a ???. I??? I???? ????y a th?? ??? ??? ????nue ????. ???? ??? ?????
?? ????? o I?iy???? e ii?a ?????? ?? ???? ?i ????ue ? ????oth ? ?
N????th ???. O??ue I???i, ???a ?? ??o ??????? ???, ?y??e ???e ??????
???ey, ???a i?y??? ?o ???a ??????. E??? ?????e ?????? ??????a ???ath?o
??????? ??e. N ?? ? ???e ???e ??e ???a I.E. I???, th?? N????e ??? ????ue
??? ???? I.A. I?i????, ???a ??y? A.I. I?????i, Ae.A. Ae???a e ???? ??? –
??y? I.A. A????a-Eo???, I.I. A?????. Ec-? ?n???u a ??e I???? ???y ????
??ae ???e, ?????e i????a ???ue ?ith ????eth.
3 ?y?y ??? I?????a e I??? ???e ????a ?????? ????? E. Ae?o ?ae Ay??e. I?
???e ????y I???i ?e ???? ???? N???e, a ??? ???? ???a ????a ?ae E???
(15-18 ?y?y), ?a ?e ????? – ????ae I. Iay. Ca ?nyoe ?? ???a ??? ????e 90
?n. ???o e ??a 500 ???. I???ue ???, ??i ??? e ???? ???u ??????? ??e ??y?
????a??ue. Aa ?a ???y? ???y e ???????ny e ???i ??i ??o? E. A??? e A.
N?-N?a. Ec ????o ??? ???o ?e «A??? ??? a ??th ?? ??i 40 ?n. ???e, ????a
????ey? n?? ???????oth ??o.
??ay?a ????a ? ?? A???a, ?a ????? ??? ???????i ????y ????i??e ??e. I???y
? ?ae?????ue e ????????ue ???? *???a e A?????a, ? ???? ????ue ???ath?a
???u I?i??a, E???o ???ue ???e ?????i ???i ??????? ????a.
I?? ??i?? ??c ?. A???o 26 – 28 ?y?y 1812 a. «A??ay ??y» ????a ?????? ?e
??????ay ??ay ??. I???i, ???a ?????? Ith??, ??e a I??. Ca ??y I??????
??u ??????ay ??y ???y? ? 550 ?n. ???e. Eo??a a ???a ? ??e ????e ??? n
????i ??a ? ???u ???e e ???e ? «????ue ????a ??ey?ey ? ?????o ?eyo ??. A
????i ???, 25 ?y?y 1812a., A???? e?? I???o ? ????e I?????? ??u.
10. I????? ?th?? ??e ? I??.
I???? I????.
A????ue a ??a 1812a. a I??, I???i ????? ????e e ???eth ??e ??e. Ec O???
e ????? ??i ? ???, ? ??ay? ? n ?i, eth??a ???u, ???????, ????? ????.
I???i ????y ???e ?? ???e e ???? ??yi ? ??, ?e ?e ?e?? ??????, e ?? ?????
?th??e ? ????e ?????? ?a ???y? ?o ????, a A??eth ? ??y?y ???????.
A ???? ?? I???i ???? ?ae ??a ??, ?? ??? ?a ???ue, – ??a 300 ?n. ?e??. Ii
?????a ?e ?? ?y ?? ? ??i ????, ?e ???. I??a O??? ?????? ??y, ??ay ? ??o,
?a??y, a ??? ???e ??e ???y, I??ey, A?o?y e O??y. A??e 1813 a. a N???e
I???? ???ue ???e ?yae ???i? ?th???, ??? e ?? ??e ???? ?????e ?a ??a
???ia ???e.
16 – 19 ?oy?y 1813 a. ?ae E???? ????i ??th?a ????. A ?i ??o??? ??a
?????? ???, ?i ????? ???e ???????th e ??????? e ??i a ???th ?ae ????i
«A?? ????. A?ey I???? ????a ??????? ????a e ??? ??? ????ue.
A ??? ?e??y ????a ??e ???? ?????e ??e ???e ??i. I?? E?????i ???ey ??
????i n ?????i ?????? a A??i?. ????e ?thc ???ny. C????? ?????a ????? a
A??i?e e ??? ???o A??u.
I???a ???i? a E???, ?????y ??y ????a ?? ????ue a ???u O???.
A??a ?th???, ????? ? O??eth, a 5 ?c ?????? ? ?????e ???a ??, ???? ?a
????? I???i. O? ? ??a, I???? ???ue ? ????a ??y ?oy?? ??o e ?? ???e
??ey???? ???i ?yae ????e. I??i, ?? ?? ???i ????e. A ??a ??a 1814 a. ???
?th??? ????ue ? I?? e 31 ??a ???? a ???o O???.
N????e A???a, ?y??u, ????? ?????? ????e ??e ????, ??y? ???. Ii ?????
???i: ?????n?? ???? O???? e ??? ????? ???e, ‘ ????? ??? ? ???o ?y???,
??o ????? ????ue I???? e ????a?e ???i Eth??? XVIII, ?a? ????? a 1793 a.
Eth??? XVI.
I???i ???? ?e ???ny ? ????, ??a ?? ?i ???e ? ??? Y??, ????a??? ?o a
?????a ????. I?? ???? ? ???e ????ny ? ??e ????. E??a ??u O??? ?????ue a
???? ??? O????. A??? ?iy? ???u e ????, ??? – ????-???u. N ??; ? ???e ?a
?? ???. I? ? ?? ? ???e ?i a ?th.
I???i ??? ? ????? ??i: «ss ??e ? ?? ?n ??ue E a ??o ?uy?yo, ? ??a ?a
????? ??y. I? ???a?y? ?n ??». I???? ??y, ????? ?e a ???. A???? ????:
«Aea ?????o ?????!» E ??? ? ?o ?????ue. O?, ? a??? y?????? ??, «?????
???» I???? A????, ???e, ?e e ??o?? y? ???????e, ???y ????? ???a ?????.
I??u A??u n ?????i ????e. I????e ??o ??i e ???o ??aa ?iy?? ???e ?????.
11. ?????ey A???a. «N? ??».
???? ??????? ??e ?ae A???i.
?????ey A???a ????a ????th ??e ?????o ????.
Ai O??eth ?????? ??y?-y????. I? ?? ??u ?????? e ??eth?e e ? ????eyi. Ii
??iy?th ?th??? (???? A????a I) e ?????o ?????? ?y??e, ???a ???? ??????ue
?????y e ?a?i ????i-??eth???? ??y??, ?????? ? ???? ?? aei y??, a 1814 a.
Eth??e XVIII ?????e O??th (?????th). A ??? ?e ????? ??i ???????e ????.
E?????? ??i ????e ??? ??a ???a eth?, ? ??i ????? ? 12 ? 15 ?n. ???e.
Eth??e XVIII ???? ?e ??a ???? ????y a ??????e, ??????a ca ?? ??eth?e e
???e e ?????y n ?????? ????o ??e??e.
I??i ?????a e ?????a ?????u, ?????a a ?? ? ??? ?? y???? ????ue ? ??o
???, ?????ue ????th ???ue ??? e ???eth???? ???. A ??? ??? y????a ???c
????ny ??? i ?????e ???i ??o???? ????o ????, ??????? o ?o ? ??y ??eth?e.
E???y??o ???? ??????? ????? ?????e e ????e ?ny??.
I??y? ? i. Y??, I???i ??? ? ????i ???e a ???. Ii ??i ??????, ??th ????ue
???? ???ey ??????, ????ny ????ue O??eth ??ae, a ???a. I????.?? ???? ??a
? ??? ?????yo ?ae? ?????e ?????ny a ?oy?a 1814 a- a A?a ????a – ???? e
I???e, n ??e ???u, e A???e e A??? – n ???, a ????? ?? ???? ???????e ????
?? ???? ????i. O???y ?a y?, I???i ??e ?????ue ???.
1 ??a 1815 a. I???i ????y ? th?? ??? O??? n ????i ??y?i a ?ny? ???e e n
??ueth ???e. *?? ?e ???, ? ????y ie ??? ????, ? ? ??a ??????? ??e, ????o
??? ??, ? ????? ? ?i ???o, ???e ?????? a I??/Eth??e XVIII e ?i ?? ??
?i?e ???? ???? ? ???o. Ii ?????a ???u ????? ?n??y????ue ??????eth
??????? ???e. A?????ue e I???? ??a ????? ?. O???? A???i ????a ???
?a????ue ??o ??e. I?????ue ??y, ??iay ? ??o, ???ey ?????o ???? a ??a?
A??e, ???e, I???, A???, O??e, E??? e ??? ?????.
Nith??e ??i??? ???yth?i ??????i a ??e ?? e ???a?yo. Ae??a ?? ???? ?a
???? ???u O???, a ? ????a a?i ?????? ????? I???? ????ue ???e ??????e ??i
???e. 18 ethiy ??????ay ??y ?? ?????? ?????a ?????e e ????e ???? ???? ?
A?th??y, o ???y A???i. A??a ?th??? ?i??? ? ????eth O??? e ??a ?iy? I??.
I?? ??u ?e A???i Ia??? ??ue ???y ? ???? (22 ethiy 1815). Ii ??e ??? a
A???, ? ? ?? ?????ue y? ????a ????? ???u ???a O??? ????? y???e e ?e ????
???y ????ai. A????a ??????i, n ???ey ????o ?th???, ????i I???? ? ???
Nay?e A?? (a th?? ??e A??????i ???). C?? ? e ?? a ?a 1821 a.
I?? ????? ????y I????, ????i a ???th ?ae ????i «N? ??», ? O??? ?y?
?????ue A???.
12. N?? A???i ????a. C?eth????e ?o. N???a Nay???i ?th?.
A??a ??a ??? ?ae I????i ??????e ?? ?????o ???a (? ??th??? O??e) ????ue a
???a A??? ?y ???y ????, ?y??? n ???????i a A??a ????? ??y?? e ?????
(????) ????, ????? a ?? ??????? ??. A??? ???? ???ny a ??y?a 1814a. I????
a ?a 1814a. ??o ???e ???????e “???? a? ???? I???? ???o, ???e ???????
??????? ? O??? ???? A???a e ?????a ? e ???? 1792 a., A??? ???? ?????? ??
???? ? ????o ???i ??????ey a A??a. I??i a y?i ???a ??o ?i ?????e ????
???, ?????ey.
???y ????? ?????? e N?? ????ee ????? A????a, ??? ?? ????? ????e A??y e
A?o?y. ?????e ????? ???? ?????? a I??a ???a ??iu e ??y? ?????th. N??y?”
????ue a A??a ??????i ?? ???o ????? – A??? e I???, ???a ???y? ? ??
?????a, ???y ????a ??? ????? n I???e i ???? ? N???e, ?a ????? ???a ???.
I??a ???-????i ?th? ????e A??y, A??ey e O??ey, ???? a ???a 1814 a. ????e
??? ???? i ????? ???eyo. A??e??e ???? I???? ????y ???ue ?ey?a ????
??????a ? ???? ?????a e ?e ?????i ? ?????y.
A ??a 1815a. ??? ????a ?? ????? ???? ????i i ??e ???a I???? ???ue ???.
I??i, ???? ????? ????y I???? ?ae A???i, a eth? 1815a. ?e ???? C?eth????e
?????e ?o A???i ????a. Ii ??????? ?????a O??? e ???? 1792 a., ?u????
A??? e A???? a I?????? ?????i, ?????a?a a E??e N????? ?????a n ?????? ?o
N??e e I??. E?? ??, A??ey ???????a ?ith ??? a A??? e E????, I??ey ????
A???eth, ????th ???ue e I???eth. O ?th??u I?i??a Ae?? ?? ???? I???y e
?????? e O??e. A??y ??a?y? ? ??e ?????a ? ??y ?????e ??eth?e e ???????
?? ???e, ??? ???e ? ???o ?? I??a I??a, E??ay ???ue ? th? A??e e ???
Oe??i.
A??? ???? ???eye ?????oth ???????ue A???e. A? ??? A????e ?thc, a ???
???? ??e 34 ???n?? ?????a e 4 ???o ???. I??i ???? ? ???y ?????? ?a ????
???? e ????th ????? ????? ??eth???o e ??????? ??.
Ec 19 ???? ?????? O????ay ????a?y, ???y ??????a ??? ?????o.
A??th ?? a ????a ?????? ????ey e ??????o ???a ??? ???a ?th?a. Ii ?????
A????a I a ?y?a 1815a. ???y, A??y, A??ey e I??ey ????e ?o i ???? *????i
?th?, ???e ??? ?e n??????ue ?????e ? O??? ???? A???a, ??????oue ?????
???e A???i ????a.
A ??y?a 1815 a. ???y, A??ey e I??ey ????e?ue i ???? Nay???i ?th?. A?
?????ay ??? ??iy? a ?????e a A??a ???? ?????a (?????), ?i ? ?? ???? ???
????i-??eth???? ???a. Ia ????a Nith? a 1820 a. ?? ??a???? ??i ?i ???
?????y ? ????? ?? ??? ??? a ??? ???????? ??? ??????e ???. Iiy?? A??ey
??? a 1822 a. ???? ?????a y????e a I??? e I???a. E?a?? Nay-;«???i ?th? a
A??a a ??a 1822 a. ???e O??? ??? ? ????? ??eth?e a E???.
Nay??? ?thc ???ny a ??a 20-o ??a, ?i ?? ??-?????i ?????e ??o ?i ???e ?
???? ?????i ???????e ??? a ????o ???yo E???? A??? e ????y a A??e a 1821
a. E??y ? ?????o ????a, A??y ????? ????y ??????e ???a E???? A???e, ???
?? ????a A??ey. ???y ?????? ????a ??a??i ??? ??? ????? ?a e ????a ?ath
????e A??e, ?i ???i ???o A??e e A???. ???e a ??a ?th??? ?????o??e i ?i,
?i ???a ?????? ????ey ? ??a ?? ???e. A??? ???? ?????? ??th ?????o ?e ?
??????e ??a ??a ??????? ?? e ??????e a???? ?????? ????y a A??a ? ???
?????e ??????o ???a.
N??e ?????
1. ss. I. A?????e, N.A. I????? «A???ay ???y» 2001 N. 111-128.
2. N. E. A??i «E??ey Aa??». 1998 N. 100-109
3. E.A. E??? «A???ay ???y» ???? ???a. 2002 N. 150-164.
4. C???i I. A. A???ay e??ey. E??ey ???e e ?? n ????? ??? ? ??a 19 ??:
???e ?y 10 ???. ? 6-a ?ae. ? I.: III «OEAe «???? ??i ? ?N», 2006 (§ 41).
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