Ieai
Aaaaeaiea
1. Ia?eaeneay Eiiioia 1871 aiaea
1.1 Aicieeiiaaiea
1.2 Eiiioia eae ia?aue iiuo aeeeoaoo?u i?ieaoa?eaoa
2. Eiinoeoooeey O?aioeee 1875 aiaea
Caeeth/aiea
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
Aaaaeaiea
E?aiiouea iao?eioe/aneea iano?iaiey ai O?aioeee, eicoiae caueou
ioa/anoaa ana /aua noaee nii?iaiaeaeaoueny o?aaiaaieyie ?aaiethoeeiiiiai
ia?aono?ienoaa iauanoaa. Yoiio niinianoaiaaea aeayoaeueiinoue
o?aioeocneie naeoeee I Eioa?iaoeeiiaea e ?aaiethoeeiiiuo iieeoe/aneeo
eeoaia. A ?aaiethoeeiiiie ia/aoe ana ianoie/eaaa cao/aee i?ecua a
nicaeaieth Ia?eaeneie Eiiioiu, n eioi?ie naycuaaeenue ia oieueei
oniaoiay n aiaoiei a?aaii, ii e nicaeaiea iieeoe/aneeo o/?aaeaeaiee,
«iieiyueony ia aeaiaaeiie iniiaa ia?iaeiiai noaa?aieoaoa», aa?aioee i?aa
e naiaiae eaaeaeiai a?aaeaeaieia, ?aoaiea ianoiyoaeueiuo neiaa ianaeaiey
Ia?eaea.
N?aco aea iinea naioya?ueneie ?aaiethoeee a 20 ie?oaao Ia?eaea
aicieeatho eiieoaou aaeeoaeueiinoe, aeaeaaaou eioi?uo aoiaeyo a
Oeaio?aeueiue eiieoao 20 ie?oaa Ia?eaea. Iiaue aeaiie?aoe/aneee i?aai
auaeaeioe o?aaiaaiey oe?aieaiey iai?iiu, aii?oaeaiey ia?eaeai, oeo/oaiey
aeeeeuiiai e i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiiai iieiaeaiey a noieeoea, eeeaeaeaoeee
anao ia?aie/aiee naiaiaeu ia/aoe, nia?aiee e i?i/aa.
A no?aoa ia?aae ?aaiethoeeiiiui ac?uaii i?aaeoaeuenoai «iaoeeiiaeueiie
iai?iiu» niaoii i?iaiaeeo a oaa?aea 1871 aiaea auai?u a Iaoeeiiaeueiia
nia?aiea, i?aaiii/iia caeeth/eoue ie? n I?onneae, /oiau ?acaycaoue naaa
?oee aeey «iaocaeaiey Ia?eaea». Ie? icia/ae aeey O?aioeee ia?aaea/o
I?onnee Yeuecana e Eioa?eiaee, auieaoo 5 ie?ae. eiio?eaooeee,
aeeeoaeueioth ieeoiaoeeth cia/eoaeueiie /anoe o?aioeocneie oa??eoi?ee
iaiaoeeeie aieneaie.
A oaa?aea auea nicaeaia ?anioaeeeaineay oaaea?aoeey Iaoeeiiaeueiie
aaa?aeee e a? auai?iue ?oeiaiaeyuee i?aai – Oeaio?aeueiue eiieoao. Oaeei
ia?acii, aicieeea ianniaay i?aaiecaoeey aeaiie?aoe/aneeo nee Ia?eaea,
ia/eouaathuay a naieo ?yaeao 250 oun. aii?oaeaiiuo iaoeeiiaeueiuo
aaa?aeaeoeaa. A ?acoeueoaoa ainnoaiey 18 ia?oa aeanoue a Ia?eaea ia?aoea
OeE Iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee.
OeE Iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee, no?aiynue ecaaaeaoue oi?aea a iaia?aieyo
i?ioeaicaeiiii caoaaoeoue aeanoue, iai?aaee naie oneeey ia i?aaiecaoeeth
auai?ia a Niaao Ia?eaeneie Eiiioiu.
Iinea auai?ia a Ia?eaea onoaiiaeeanue Ia?eaeneay Eiiioia, e 26 ia?oa OeE
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee ia?aaeae aeanoue eca?aiiiio ia iniiaa anaiauaai
aieiniaaiey Niaaoo Ia?eaeneie Eiiioiu.
Aua?aa yoo oaio, y oi/o ?anneacaoue i aicieeiiaaiee e, i aeaaiuo
i?aia?aciaaieyo, eioi?ua i?iecioee ai a?aiy i?aaeaiey Ia?eaeneie
Eiiioiu.
Ia?eaeneay Eiiioia – iaeia ec oao oai, ecaeaaia i?eaeaeathueo naiia
i?enoaeueiia aieiaiea enoi?e/aneeo iuneae ?acee/iuo iai?aaeaiee.
1. Ia?eaeneay Eiiioia 1871 aiaea
1.1 Aicieeiiaaiea
Aicieeiiaaieth Ia?eaeneie Eiiioiu i?aaeoanoaiaaea ainnoaiea 18 ia?oa
1871 aiaea. I?aaeeiaii e iaio yaeyeanue iiiuoea i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo aiene
ioia?aoue o iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee a?oeeea?eth.
Iicaeii aa/a?ii 17 ia?oa 1871 a. a aeoaeia ?aai/eo eaa?oaeia Ia?eaea
canaaeae Oeaio?aeueiue eiieoao iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee. A caea oea?eea
niieieiay, aeaeiaay ianoaiiaea. E eacaeinue, ie/aai ia i?aaeaauaei
«ao?e».
Eiaaea /eaiu OeE ?anoiaeeeenue ii aeiiai, ii ?anii?yaeaieth aiaiiiai
ieieno?a Eaoei ai aeai?ao eaca?i auno?aeaaeenue iieee eeiaeiuo aiene,
eiiaiaee?u eioi?uo iieo/eee i?eeac aunooieoue e caoaaoeoue ana iii?iua
ioieou iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee, e i?aaeaea anaai auniou Iiiia?o?a e
Aaeueaeey, aaea auea neiioeaio?e?iaaia a?oeeea?ey iaoeeiiaeueiie
aaa?aeee.
Ia ia?auo ii?ao eacaeinue, /oi ceiaauee ieai Ouea?a (aeaaa
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe) auiieiyaony eaeaaeueii. Ia?eae niae, auaaaeaiiua
ia oeeoeu aienea ieeaeeo i?aiyonoaee ia ano?aoeee. E 5 /anai oo?a 18
ia?oa ia?aaeiaua /anoe aaia?aea Eaeiioa aeinoeaee aunio Iiiia?o?a e
Aaeueaeey.
Eae oieueei aienea Eaeiioa aioee a nii?eeiniiaaiea n ea?aoeii o iooae e
?acaeaeenue ia?aua auno?aeu, ia aunioa Iiiia?o?a noaee noaeaoueny
iaoeeiiaeueiua aaa?aeaeoeu e ia?eaeaia. Eaeiio oi?iiee ioeoea?ia e
nieaeao iinei?aa caaa?oeoue iia?aoeeth ii yaaeoaoeee i?oaeee n
Iiiia?o?a. Caeanue eae ?ac e i?iecioei oi, /oi ia auei o/oaii
eiio??aaiethoeeiia?aie. Nieaeaou 88-ai iieea ia Iiiia?o?a e aienea ia
aunioa Aaeueaeey ia/aee a?aoaiea n ia?iaeii. Eaeiio, iuoaaoeeny
i?ecaaoue eo e iiaeiiaaieth, aue noaa/ai naieie aea nieaeaoaie e
?anno?aeyi aianoa ni aoi?ui aaia?aeii Eeaiaiii Oiiii.
Oaeei ia?acii, niauoey ia Iiiia?o?a e Aaeueaeea iieacaee, /oi
eiio??aaiethoeeiia?u ieioi ?ann/eoaee: iauaa iaaeiaieuenoai ai O?aioeee
ioaaoeei oiaaea ana neie ianaeaiey e i?iieeei a a?ieth. Yoi aue iiiaio,
eiaaea aaia?ae inoaeny aac a?iee.
?aai/ea Ia?eaea acyeenue ca i?oaeea, /oiau ionoiyoue naie caaiaaaiey. A
6-i /ano oo?a 18 ia?oa ia Iiiia?o?a oaea?eee eieieiea aeaoo ianoiuo
oea?eaae. ?acaoaeaiiua ia?eaeneea ?aai/ea e ?aianeaiieee noaiiaeeenue
iiae ciaiaia aaoaeueiiia iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee e iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii a?
ioaeanoaaiiuo eiiaiaee?ia ia?aoee anei?a io iai?iiu e ianooieaieth.
Ieiei /ana aeiy 18 ia?oa Ouea? aeae ?anii?yaeaiea iooyiooue naie
aeaii?aeeciaaiiua aienea iacaae, a caiaaeiua ie?oaa Ia?eaea, a iioii
ionooieoue n ieie aeaeueoa ca /a?oo ai?iaea, a noi?iio Aa?naey. Ouea?
no?aieeny nianoe ana, /oi iiaeii auei au? nianoe, aeey iiaoi?iiai
eiio??aaiethoeeiiiiai oaea?a. Yoiio iaaieueii niaeaenoaiaaee naie
iaoeeiiaeueiua aaa?aeaeoeu.
E aa/a?o 18 ia?oa ooo?iii auea caoaa/aia ?aoooa. Aeanoue ao?aeoacee auea
naa?aiooa. Oae naa?oeeanue a ?aieao iaeiiai ai?iaea ia?aay a enoi?ee
i?ieaoa?neay ?aaiethoeey.
Iinoaaeaiiue oiaeii niauoee o aeanoe, Oeaio?aeueiue eiieoao
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee ?anniao?eaae naay eae a?aiaiioth aeanoue e
n/eoae iaiaoiaeeiui iaiaaeeaiii i?enooieoue e auai?ai a Ia?eaeneoth
Eiiioio. A yoi a?aiy n?aaee ?aai/eo e ?aianeaiieeia Ia?eaea aanueia
iiioey?iui auei o?aaiaaiea ia?aciaaoue Eiiioio eae inouanoaeaiea
o?aaeeoeee ?aaiethoeee 1789-1794 aa. Niaa?oaiii anoanoaaiii, /oi OeE
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee, iie?aaoeeny ia aii?oaeaiiue ia?iae, ia iia ia
oaeiaeaoai?eoue yoe o?aaiaaiey. Ii OeE i?iyaee eceeoithth
uaiaoeeueiinoue, oi?iiynue ia?aaeaoue aeanoue iiaiio auai?iiio i?aaio.
*eaiu OeE iie?aeenue, /oiau eo ia oi?aeioee e ia iaaeieee a oco?iaoeee
aeanoe, oioy aeey anao auei i/aaeaeii, /oi eiaiii OeE oiaaea yaeyaony
aaeeinoaaiiui i?aaenoaaeoaeai aii?oaeaiiiai ia?iaea Ia?eaea.
Ia?aiia/aeueii auai?u a Ia?eaeneoth Eiiioio auee iacia/aiu ia 23 ia?oa,
ii ?acaa?ioaoeany niauoey a Ia?eaea canoaaeee ia?aianoe auai?u ia 26
ia?oa. Aoeaaeueii ia aoi?ie aeaiue iinea acyoey aeanoe OeE
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee noieeioeenue n iiiuoeaie eiio??aaiethoeeiiiuo
yeaiaioia ainnoaiiaeoue naia ainiiaenoai a Ia?eaea. Nia/aea ao?aeoaciua
iy?u Ia?eaea ia naiai nia?aiee iiiuoaeenue inia?eaaoue aeanoue OeE
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee e /a?ac aai aieiao iacia/eee eiiaiaeothuei
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeeae aaia?aea Nynna. Oieueei aaeeoaeueiinoue /eaiia
OeE i?aaeioa?aoeea aiacaiiue eiio??aaiethoeeiiiue ia?aai?io a Ia?eaea.
Iacia/aiea Nynna auei ioiaiaii ?aoaieai OeE iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee, a
22 ia?oa iaoeeiiaeueiua aaa?aeaeoeu ?aciaiaee a?oiiu
eiio??aaiethoeeiiiuo a?enoie?aoia, iuoaaoeony caoaaoeoue ooaa
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee. 24 ia?oa auei iiaeaaeaii eiio??aaiethoeeiiiia
aunooieaiea io?yaea Nynna.
Eacaeinue, /oi yoe ia?aua eiio??aaiethoeeiiiua aunooieaiey aeieaeiu auee
ianoi?iaeeoue OeE iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee e iiaoaeeoue aai e
?aoeoaeueiie eeeaeaeaoeee eiio??aaiethoeeiiiiai i/aaa a Aa?naea. Aianoi
yoiai ae?aaioeaiiia a?aiy auei iio?a/aii ia auai?u Niaaoa Eiiioiu,
eioi?ua ninoiyeenue 26 ia?oa 1871 aiaea ia iniiaa anaiauaai
ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa.
28 ia?oa ia ieiuaaee o ?aoooe i?e ia?iiiii noa/aiee ia?iaea /eaiu OeE
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee ia?aaeaee aeanoue eca?aiiiio Niaaoo Eiiioiu.
Iiae caoee i?eano?ia oi?aeanoaaiii auei i?iaicaeaoaii ia?aia a ie?a
i?ieaoa?neia ainoaea?noai – Ia?eaeneay Eiiioia. Ec 85 /eaiia Niaaoa
Eiiioiu aieueoeinoai auee ?aai/eie eee eo i?eciaiiuie i?aaenoaaeoaeyie.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?aai/ea noaee aaaeouae neeie Eiiioiu.
1.2 Eiiioia eae ia?aue iiuo aeeeoaoo?u i?ieaoa?eaoa
Eiiioia auea ainoaea?noaii, inouanoaeaoei ia?aue iiuo aeeeoaoo?u
i?ieaoa?eaoa.
Aiia?ao Ia?eaeneie Eiiioiu eae iniaay oi?ia aeanoe, nicaeaiiie a
ainnoaaoai ai?iaea, aue i?eniiniaeai i?aaeaea anaai e oiio, /oiau
iaeneiaeueii iieii ?aaeeciaaoue iinoaaeaiiua ia?aae iei anai oiaeii
niauoee ?aaiethoeeiiiua oeaee. *oiau Niaao Eiiioiu ia oieueei i?eieiaee
?aoaiey, ii e o/anoaiaaee ai anae i?aeoe/aneie ?aaioa ii eo auiieiaieth.
Oaeei ia?acii, ono?aiyeenue einoeooou ia?eaiaioneie aeaiie?aoee,
i?eioeei ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae.
Niaao Eiiioiu ia iia eniieueciaaoue noa?ue, ao?aeoaciue ainoaea?noaaiiue
aiia?ao, eioi?ue yaeyeny i?oaeeai a ?oeao yenieoaoaoi?neeo eeannia aeey
oaiaoaiey o?oaeyueony. E.Ia?en au? ia iniiaaiee iiuoa ?aaiethoeee 1848
aiaea a naiae ?aaioa «18-oia a?thia?a Eoe Aiiaia?oa» oeacuaae, /oi
?aai/ea, caoaaoea aeanoue, aeieaeiu aoaeoo neiiaoue ao?aeoaciue
ainoaea?noaaiiue aiia?ao e nicaeaoue naie, iiaue ainoaea?noaaiiue
aiia?ao. Naaioaae inoaaeaoee a Ia?eaea /eiiaieeia e neoaeaueo
iiaeoaa?aeee iaiaoiaeeiinoue neiia ao?aeoaciie ainoaea?noaaiiie iaoeiu.
Ai iiiaeo ieienoa?noaao inoaeenue ia ianoa eeoue noi?iaea, aaooa?u,
iieioa?u e a eo/oai neo/aa iecoea neoaeauea.
Aunoee ainoaea?noaaiiue i?aai – Niaao Eiiioiu aue eca?ai iooai anaiauaai
aieiniaaiey. Ii ninoiye ec auai?iuo ia iniiaa anaiauaai ecae?aoaeueiiai
i?aaa ii ?acee/iui ie?oaai Ia?eaea ai?iaeneeo aeaniuo. Iie auee
ioaaonoaaiiu ia?aae ecae?aoaeyie e a ethaia a?aiy iiaee auoue ioicaaiu
ni naieo iinoia. Eaaeaeue /eai Niaaoa Eiiioiu, eioi?ue ia auiieiye aieth
ia?iaea, iocuaaeny ec iaai. Niaao Eiiioiu niaaeeiye a naieo ?oeao eae
caeiiiaeaoaeueioth, oae e eniieieoaeueioth aeanoue.
Aunoee i?aai ninoiye ec aeanyoe eiiennee. Eiienney o?oaea,
i?iiuoeaiiinoe e iaiaia aeieaeia auea niaeaenoaiaaoue iiaeuaio
i?iiuoeaiiinoe e eiiia?oeee, caaioeoueny ia iauanoaaiiuo ?aaioao e
oi?aiaea.
Eiienney iauanoaaiiuo neoaea aaaeaea ii/oie, oaeaa?aoii, iooyie
niiauaiey. Ae ii?o/aeinue eco/eoue aiciiaeiinoue ia?aaea/e aeaeaciuo
aei?ia a aaaeaiea Eiiioiu.
Eiienney aiaoieo niioaiee aeieaeia auea iaeaaeeoue nayce Ia?eaea n
ae?oaeie «eiiioiaie O?aioeee», iiaeaioiaeoue oneiaey aeey nicaeaiey
«oaaea?aoeee», a oaeaea, i?e aeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaeyo, iinueaoue naieo
i?aaenoaaeoaeae a ae?oaea ainoaea?noaa.
Ia eiienneth iauanoaaiiie aaciianiinoe aiceaaaeinue iaania/aiea ii?yaeea
aioo?e no?aiu. Neaaey ca anaie «iiaeic?eoaeueiuie a?aaeaeaiaie», iia
aeieaeia auea caaioeoueny i «iai?eeiniiaaiiinoe» Eiiioiu.
Aiaiiay eiienney, eioi?ie iaaeeaaeaei caiaieoue Oeaio?aeueiue eiieoao
Iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee, aeieaeia auea caieiaoueny aii?inaie
aeenoeeieeiu, aii?oaeaiey, iaioiaee?iaaiey e nia?yaeaiey Iaoeeiiaeueiie
aaa?aeee. Iia iaycaia auea aianoa n Eiienneae iauanoaaiiie aaciianiinoe
iaania/eaaoue aaciianiinoue Eiiioiu e neaaeeoue ca aeaenoaeyie Aa?naey.
Eiienney i?iaeiaieuenoaey aeieaeia auea caaioeoueny i niaaaeaiee Ia?eaea
i?iaeiaieuenoaeai, «aanoe naiue aeaoaeueiue e naiue iieiue o/ao anao
i?iaeoeoia», eiaaoeony a iaaaceiao Ia?eaea.
Ia Eiienneth thnoeoeee aiceaaaeanue iaycaiiinoue «iiaeiyoue
nouanoaothuaa noaeii?iecaiaenoai ia aunioo aeaiie?aoe/aneeo e
nioeeaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee», iaania/eoue oaeouaa noaeii?iecaiaenoai aei
i?eiyoey iniaiai aeae?aoa.
Eiienney i?inaauaiey aeieaeia auea iiaeaioiaeoue ?aoi?io oeieueiiai
aeaea. Ae ii?o/aeanue ?ac?aaioea i aaaaeaiee «aanieaoiiai,
iaycaoaeueiiai e eneeth/eoaeueii naaoneia iao/aiea».
Eiiennee oeiainia auei ii?o/aii ninoaaeaiea athaeaeaoa Ia?eaea. E iae
ia?aoiaeeee ana iieiiii/ey auaoaai ieienoa?noaa oeiainia, a oii /enea
aii?inu, naycaiiua n aeayoaeueiinoueth o?aioeocneiai aaiea.
Ia eniieieoaeueioth eiienneth aiceaaaeinue i?iaaaeaiea a aeeciue anao
aeae?aoia Eiiioiu e iinoaiiaeaiee ae?oaeo eiiennee.
Iayooaeoeaiinoue a aeayoaeueiinoe Eniieieoaeueiie eiiennee, a oaeaea a
i?aaiecaoeee ae?oaeo eiiennee, ia eiaaoeo ioaaonoaaiiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae,
aucaaee eo iineaaeothuoth ?ai?aaiecaoeeth. Ai aeaaa eaaeaeiai aaaeiinoaa
aue iinoaaeai aeaeaaao Eiiioiu, a eiiennee i?aa?aoeeenue a
eiio?ieueii-niaauaoaeueiua eieeaaee i?e yoeo aeaeaaaoao. Ana 9
aeaeaaaoia ninoaaeyee Eniieieoaeueioth eiienneth Eiiioiu.
1 iay 1871 aiaea aue i?eiyo aeae?ao ia i?aaiecaoeee Eiieoaoa
iauanoaaiiiai nianaiey n oe?ieeie iieiiii/eyie a ioiioaiee eiiennee, ii
ia i?aeoeea yoio eiieoao ia niia oe?aieoue iieiaeaiea Eiiioiu, e
aeaaiia, ia eiae iaiaoiaeeiuo naycae n ianaeaiea Ia?eaea.
Aeey caueou i?ieaoa?neiai ainoaea?noaa, iiaeaaeaiey nii?ioeaeaiey
ao?aeoacee e iiiaueeia, i?aaiecaoeee ai?ueau n aiaiiuie neeaie
aa?naeueoeaa, eioi?ua oaea a ia/aea ai?aey ia/aee aieio i?ioea
eiiioia?ia. Ia?aae Eiiioiie anoaea caaea/a aii?oaeaiey ia?iaea. Eiiioia
i?eiyea aeae?ao i ?inionea iinoiyiiie a?iee e caiaia a? iaoeeiiaeueiie
aaa?aeeae.
Eiiioia oie/oiaeeea ao?aeoacioth iieeoeeth, io?aio ai?iaea ianee naie
aii?oaeaiiua ?aai/ea e ?aianeaiieee. Oaeei ia?acii, aaaeiaeoea i?aaiu
ao?aeoaciiai ainoaea?noaa – a?iey e iieeoeey – auee ?ac?ooaiu e caiaiaiu
i?aaiaie i?ieaoa?neie aeanoe.
Acaiai ao?aeoaciuo /eiiaieeia, i?iaiaeeaoeo naaioaae, ai ana aaaeiinoaa
e o/?aaeaeaiey auee iacia/aiu ?aai/ea, eioi?ua aeaaiaea?y naiae yia?aee,
iaiiaeeoiiinoe, /anoiinoe e i?aaeaiiinoe aeaeo noiaee iaeaaeeoue
aeayoaeueiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiiai aiia?aoa. Ouny/e ?aai/eo e
?aianeaiieeia caiaieee noa?uo /eiiaieeia, nioie ?aai/eo caiyee
eiiaiaeiua iinou a iaoeeiiaeueiie aaa?aeee.
Niaao Eiiioiu ?aoi?ie?iaae noaeaaiue aiia?ao: onoaiiaee auai?iinoue
noaeae, aaae einoeooo ia?iaeiuo canaaeaoaeae e i?aai naiaiaeiie caueou.
Aieueoia cia/aiea eiaee aeae?aou Eiiioiu ia ioaeaeaiee oea?eae io
ainoaea?noaa. Caienue aeoia a?aaeaeaineiai ninoiyiey – i ?iaeaeaiee,
a?aea e nia?oe – auea ecuyoa ec ?oe oea?eiaieeia e ia?aaeaia a ?oee
ainoaea?noaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaiee.
Aanueia nouanoaaiii auei i?aaie/aneia neeyiea oeaio?aeueiiai
ainoaea?noaaiiiai o/?aaeaeaiey – Niaaoa Eiiioiu – n ioieoeeiaeeoaoii.
Aeaiooaou Niaaou Eiiioiu io ie?oaia iaiin?aaenoaaiii ?oeiaiaeeee o naay
a ie?oaao ioieoeeiaeeoaoaie. Yoi niinianoaiaaei aieaa oaniie nayce
Niaaoa Eiiioiu n ianaeaieai. Naie i?aeoe/aneee iiuo ainoaea?noaaiiiai
no?ieoaeuenoaa Eiiioia oioaea ia?aianoe ia anth O?aioeeth.
Eiiioia inouanoaeyea ia aeaea oeaio?aeeci, iauaaeeiyaoee iaoeeth. Aaaeue
aeae?aou ia oie/oiaeaiee iinoiyiiie a?iee, i eeeaeaeaoeee
ath?ie?aoe/aneiai aiia?aoa, ia ioaeaeaiee oea?eae io ainoaea?noaa, e
iiiaia ae?oaia eiaee iauaainoaea?noaaiiia cia/aiea e nicaeaaaee
i?aaeiinueee aeey aaeeinoaa iaoeee.
2. Eiinoeoooeey O?aioeee 1875 aiaea
Iinea oiai eae Ia?eaeneay Eiiioia auea iioiieaia a e?iae, a enoi?ee
O?aioeee ia/eiaaony niooiia a?aiy, eiaaea ia o?aioeocneee o?ii
i?aoaiaeiaaei n?aco o?e aeeianoee: Ao?aiiu, I?eaaiu, Aiiaia?ou.
Oioy 4 naioya?y 1870 a. oeeoeu Ia?eaea iaiieieeenue ia?iaeii,
o?aaiaaaoei onoaiiaeaiea ?anioaeeee. Ia?eaeneea aeaiooaou i?iaicaeaneee
?anioaeeeo e ia?aciaaee A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai iaoeeiiaeueiie iai?iiu.
Yoi auea ?aaiethoeey. A o?aoee ?ac ca naith enoi?eth O?aioeee noaea
?anioaeeeie. A ?acoeueoaoa ia?iaeiiai ainnoaiey ai O?aioeee auea
i?iaicaeaoaia ?anioaeeea, a Iaoeeiiaeueiii nia?aiee aieueoeinoai
i?eiaaeeaaeaei iiia?oenoai; iaiueoeinoai ninoaaeyee ?anioaeeeaioeu,
n?aaee eioi?uo auei ianeieueei oa/aiee. A no?aia nouanoaiaaea
«?anioaeeea aac ?anioaeeeaioeaa».
Iaeiaei, ieai ?anoaa?aoeee ai O?aioeee iiia?oee i?iaaeeeny. Iniiaiay
ianna ianaeaiey O?aioeee auea ca onoaiiaeaiea ?anioaeeee, a iiia?oenoia
ia iiaeaea?aeeaae ie iaeei eeann. Ca ?anioaeeeaineee no?ie auee ?aai/ee
eeann, aieueoeinoai ?aci/a?iaaaoaainy a iiia?oee e?anoueyinoaa, iiiaea
i?aaenoaaeoaee i?iiuoeaiiie e oi?aiaie ao?aeoacee.
Ii aii?in ia ii?aaeaeaiee iieeoe/aneiai no?iy O?aioeee aeieai ia
?aoeeny. Oieueei a 1875 a. Iaoeeiiaeueiia nia?aiea aieueoeinoaii a iaeei
aiein i?eiyei aeiiieiaiea e iniiaiiio caeiio, i?eciaaoaa O?aioeeth
?anioaeeeie. E iinea yoiai O?aioeey au? ianeieueei ?ac auea ia a?aie
iiia?oe/aneiai ia?aai?ioa.
N 1873 ii 1879 a. i?aceaeaioii O?aioeee aue y?ue iiia?oeno Iae-Iaaii,
yoio.
I?eiyoay a 1875 a. Eiinoeoooeey O?aoueae ?anioaeeee auea eiii?iiennii
i?eciaoue ?anioaeeeo, iiia?oenou iinoa?aeenue i?eaeaoue ae
eiina?aaoeaiue, aeaiie?aoe/aneee oa?aeoa?. Aaeeiie eiinoeoooeee a
?anioaeeea ia auei, a auee eiinoeoooeeiiiua caeiiu (o?e ia?aie/eoaeueiuo
caeiia), ?aaoee?iaaaoea i?aaiecaoeeth e aeayoaeueiinoue o/?aaeaeaiee
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe: Caeii ia i?aaiecaoeee naiaoa io 24. naioya?y
1875 aiaea, Caeii ia i?aaiecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe io 25 oaa?aey
1875 aiaea, Caeii ia ioiioaieyo iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaiiuie aeanoyie io 16
ethey 1875 aiaea. Ai anao o?ao caeiiao ian/eouaaaony anaai 34 noaouee,
iiyoiio iiiaea aii?inu eiinoeoooeeiiiiai ono?ienoaa ?aaoee?iaaeenue
oaeouei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aaoaue aeanoe auea aaa?aia ia?eaiaioo, ninoiyaoaio ec
iaeaou aeaiooaoia e naiaoa. Naiao ecae?aeny ia 9 eao e iaiiaeyeny /a?ac
o?e aiaea ia iaeio o?aoue. Aeey naiaoi?ia aue onoaiiaeai aic?anoiie
oeaic – 40 eao. Iaeaoa aeaiooaoia ecae?aeanue ia 4 aiaea oieueei
ioae/eiaie, aeinoeaoeie 21 aiaea e i?iaeeaoeie ia iaiaa 6 ianyoeaa a
aeaiiie iaueia. AEaiueiu aiaiiineoaeauea, iieiaeaaeue, naciiiua ?aai/ea
ia iieo/aee ecae?aoaeueiuo i?aa.
Eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue a?o/aeanue i?aceaeaioo, ecae?aaiiio
Iaoeeiiaeueiui nia?aieai ia 7 eao. Aio auei i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai
iauyaeyoue aieio, caeeth/aoue ie?, a oaeaea i?aai caeiiiaeaoaeueiie
eieoeeaoeau e iacia/aiey ia aunoea a?aaeaeaineea e aiaiiua aeieaeiinoe.
Eiinoeoooeey 1875 aiaea i?aaeoniio?aea nicaeaiea Niaaoa ieieno?ia,
i?aaiaie noaoon eioi?iai ia aue aeaoaeueii ?ac?aaioai. Cae?aieyeny
i?eioeei eieeaeoeaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia?aae ia?eaiaioii.
I?aceaeaio aue /enoi iiieiaeueiie oeao?ie a nenoaia iieeoe/aneeo
ioiioaiee. Oae, oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie ainoaea?noaaiiiai ono?ienoaa O?aoueae
?anioaeeee noaei oneeaiea iieeoe/aneiai aeeyiey caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aaoae
aeanoe.
A ainoaea?noaaiiie nenoaia i?aaiia O?aoueae ?anioaeeee aaaeioth ?ieue
ea?ae Ainoaea?noaaiiue niaao, /eaiu eioi?iai iacia/aeenue i?aceaeaioii n
niaeaney Niaaoa ieieno?ia.
Eiinoeoooeey O?aoueae ?anioaeeee auea eiinoeoooeeae ao?aeoaciie,
caueuaaoae eioa?anu eioueo eeannia. Oai ia iaiaa ?anioaeeeaineee no?ie
aeaaae o?oaeyueiny iaeioi?ua ia?aie/aiiua iieeoe/aneea i?aaa,
i?aaeinoaaeyy ei aiciiaeiinoue oe?a ?acaa?iooue ai?ueao i?ioea
eaieoaeecia.
Ia?aua ia?eaiaioneea auai?u, i?ioiaeeaoea ia iniiaa iiaie eiinoeoooeee,
i?eianee iiaaaeo ?anioaeeeaioeai. A 1879 a. Iae-Iaaii aue auioaeaeai
iiaeaoue a ionoaaeo. E aeanoe i?eoee oia?aiiua ?anioaeeeaioeu. Iiaui
i?aceaeaioii aue eca?ai AEtheue A?aae, a i?aaenaaeaoaeai iaeaou
aeaiooaoia – Eaii Aaiaaooa.
Oioy aieueoeinoai o?aioeocneie ao?aeoacee auei iano?iaii ?anioaeeeainee,
aeaaea n?aaieoaeueii eaaua a? eeaea?u, a?iaea Aaiaaoou, i?aa?aoeeenue a
iieeoeeaiia, yenieoaoe?othueo ?anioaeeeaineea iano?iaiey ia?iaeiuo iann.
Oia?aiiua ?anioaeeeaioeu oaeoe/anee io?aeeenue io aaaeiaeoeo o?aaiaaiee
naiae i?ia?aiia: oi?acaeieoue naiao, ia?aie/eoue aeanoue i?aceaeaioa,
ioaeaeeoue oea?eiaue io ainoaea?noaa, aaanoe i?ia?anneaiue iiaeioiaeiue
iaeia. Iie ?acaa?ioee eieiieaeueiua aaaioth?u a Ooiena e Eiaeieeoaa. A
1881 a. aue onoaiiaeai i?ioaeoi?ao O?aioeee iaae Ooienii, a 1885 a.
cae?aieaii i?aai O?aioeee ia Aiiai e Oiieei. A oi aea a?aiy O?aioeee
aaea caaiaaaiea Caiaaeiie e Oeaio?aeueiie Ao?eee, a oaeaea Iaaeaaanea?a.
Eieiieaeueiua aieiu o?aaiaaee aieueoeo n?aaenoa. ?inee iaeiae. Aaoi?eoao
oia?aiiuo ?anioaeeeaioeaa, au?aaeaaoeo eioa?anu oieueei e?oiiie
oeiainiaie e i?iiuoeaiiie ao?aeoacee, iaaeae.
Caeeth/aiea
18 ia?oa 1871 aiaea o?aioeocneee i?ieaoa?eao, iiaeiyaoenue ia
aii?oaeaiiia ainnoaiea i?ioea eiio??aaiethoeeiia?ia, acye aeanoue a naie
?oee e nicaeae Ia?eaeneoth Eiiioio. Iia yaeyeanue ia?aui iiuoii
aeeeoaoo?u i?ieaoa?eaoa. Ainnoaaoea iaeaaeaee ai?iaeii. I?aaeoaeuenoai
aaaeaei a auaooth ei?ieaaneoth ?aceaeaioeeth – Aa?naeue.
Eiiioia auea i?aaiii naiioi?aaeaiey, iauaaeeieaoee eniieieoaeueioth e
caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aaoae aeanoe.
Ia?eaeneay Eiiioia i?inouanoaiaaea 72 aeiy (n 18 ia?oa ii 28 iay 1871
aiaea) e i?eaeaeea e naaa aieiaiea e i?aaeoaeuenoa, e ?aaiethoeeiiiuo
aeaiie?aoia Aa?iiu. Ia noi?iia eiiioia?ia i?ioea aa?naeueneeo aiene
n?aaeaeenue iieueneea e aaeueaeeneea ?aaiethoeeiia?u. Iiuo Eiiioiu
aiineaaenoaee ?anniao?eaaeny ia?enenoaie, eeaea?aie ?aaiethoeeiiiuo
aeaeaeaiee eae i?iia?ac aoaeouaai ?aai/aai i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
Ia?eaeneay Eiiioia aieaa iaiiieiaea aeeneonneiiiue eeoa, /ai
aeaaniiniaiia i?aaeoaeuenoai. Ia?u, i?aaei?eiyoua Eiiioiie (caiaia
iinoiyiiie a?iee aii?oaeaiiui ia?iaeii, ioaeaeaiea oea?eae io
ainoaea?noaa, aaiae auai?iinoe e niaiyaiinoe /eiiaieeia
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aiia?aoa), iineee ia?aie/eoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, naaaeynue
e onoaiiaeaieth ?aai/aai eiio?iey iaae i?aaei?eyoeyie, a?ioaiiuie
aeaaeaeueoeaie, e anaeaieai a iionoaaoea eaa?oe?u a?enoie?aoia ao?aeoa
aaaeiuo naiae ec ?aai/eo eaa?oaeia.
A Aa?naeue noyaeaaeenue aa?iua i?aaeoaeuenoao aienea. I?onneay a?iey,
i?iaeieaeaaoay aeiee?iaaoue Ia?eae, i?iionoeea eo e ai?iaeo /a?ac naie
iiceoeee. Ai?aaaoenue a ai?iae iinea oii?iuo aiaa, aa?naeueoeu
aeiaeeenue iiaaaeu. Caueoieeia Ia?eaeneie Eiiioiu ?anno?aeyee aac noaea
e neaaenoaey. 28 iay 1871 aiaea aie a Ia?eaea caaa?oeeenue.
Aicieeiiaaiea Ia?eaeneie Eiiioiu auei caeiiiia?iui enoi?e/aneei
yaeaieai, aucaaiiui aeoaieeie nioeeaeueiuie i?ioeai?a/eyie aioo?e
o?aioeocneiai iauanoaa, iaino?eaoeiny e eiioeo 60-o aiaeia.
Ioaeaa Aa?iaiee Yeuecan e Eioa?eiaeth, Iaoeeiiaeueiia nia?aiea i?eia?aei
ie?.
A 1875 aiaeo O/?aaeeoaeueiia nia?aiea i?eiyei Eiinoeoooeeth O?aoueae
?anioaeeee. Eiinoeoooeey O?aoueae ?anioaeeee i?aaenoaaeyea niaie
nia?aiea ?ac?iciaiiuo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia.
Eiinoeoooeey 1875 aiaea onoaiiaeea ia?eaiaio, ninoiyuee ec aeaoo iaeao –
iaeaou aeaiooaoia e Naiaoa. Naiao e iaeaoa aeaiooaoia aianoa ninoaaeyee
Iaoeeiiaeueiia nia?aiea, iaeaaeaaoaa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoueth. A
eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue a O?aoueae ?anioaeeea i?eiaaeeaaeaea i?aceaeaioo
e ieieno?ai.
I?aayuea e?oae O?aoueae ?anioaeeee, iaioaaiiua Ia?eaeneie Eiiioiie,
onoaiiaeee iniaoth nenoaio ioieoeeiaeueiiai oi?aaeaiey aeey Ia?eaea, a
oaeaea aeey e?oiiaeoeo ?aai/eo oeaio?ia – Eeiia e Ia?naey.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
1. Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae A.ss. THaeianeie, Iiaay enoi?ey, «I?inaauaiea», I.,
2001 aiae;
2. Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae I.A.Ia/a?aiei, Iiaay enoi?ey, «I?inaauaiea», I.,
1976 aiae;
3. Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae A.E.Iieiea, Ia?eaeneay eiiioia 1871 aiaea,
«Iieeoecaeao», I., 1970 aiae;
4. Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae A.I.AEoeiaa, Niaaoneay enoi?e/aneay yioeeeeiiaaeey,
«Niaaoneay yioeeeeiiaaeey», I., 1967 aiae;
5. I.A. Caaeaaeei, Anaie?iay enoi?ey, «?onneia neiai», I., 2005 aiae.
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