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2

?aoa?ao

ii enoi?ee ia oaio:

“Ee/iinoue Noaeeia”

IEAI

Anooieaiea. “OAIIIAI NOAEEIA”.

Iniiaiay /anoue. ”AA?OIAIUE AEAAIIEIIAIAeOTHUEE”

1. “O aeaa?ae aieiu”:

a) “Iieeoe/aneea iaiaa?u”

a) “Noaeei e a?iey”

a) “A?naiae iai?iiu”

2. “Eaoano?ioe/aneia ia/aei”:

a) “Ia?aeecothuee oie”

a) “AEanoieia a?aiy”

3. “Noaeei e Noaaea”:

a) “Aa?oiaiue e iieeiaiaeoeu”

a) “Noaeei e nithcieee”

4. “Ieiaeu e oeaia iiaaaeu”

Caeeth/aiea. “AA?AeEEO ENOI?EE”

Noaeei… Eaeie aeo?ue i?ioeai?a/ee aicieeaao aei neo ii?, eiaaea cao/eo
yoi eiy! Nii? eaeao n oaeie no?anoueth, aoaeoi ianoaeaeaaony iieeoee,
aeoeaii aeaenoaothuee naaiaeiy, a ia ooaaeoee ec aeecie ii/oe 45 eao
iacaae.

Niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeii, /oi Noaeei – iaeia ec e?oiiaeoeo oeao? XX
noieaoey. Ii ioeaiee aai i?ioeaiiieiaeiu. Aea e a?yae ee iiaeii
neacaoue, /oi an? naeaeaiiia ei oaea aeinoaoi/ii iieii, ananoi?iiia e
iauaeoeaii i?iaiaeece?iaaii.

Nae/an, eiaaea i?inioeny iaaeaeaiiue eioa?an e iiaeeeiiui no?aieoeai
ioa/anoaaiiie enoi?ee, iauanoai ieacaeinue aoeaaeueii ?aneieioui ii
aii?ino ioeaiee ?iee Noaeeia. Ii anee aaeoiaoueny, oi ia Noaeei nae/an
iaoiaeeony a oieona enoi?e/aneiai eioa?ana. I?inoi Noaeei neiaieece?oao
an? oi, /oi ooeaiaii enoi?eae. A oeaio?a eioa?ana – iaoe noaeueau, iaoa
aieue, ai?anoiia iaaeioiaiea: eae iiaei iiyaeoueny e nouanoaiaaoue oi,
/oi iu iacuaaai naaiaeiy noaeeieciii.

Ia?oey, iioa?ya Eaieia a e?eoe/aneee iiiaio enoi?e/aneiai auai?a iooae e
iaoiaeia nioeeaeenoe/aneiai no?ieoaeuenoaa, iiiaea a iieino
iaeanoi/aiiie iaaeaeioniaiie ai?ueau. “Eaieineay aaa?aeey” ia
?acaeyaeaea a Noaeeia /aeiaaea, iianiiai aeey ia?oee, aeey aua
iaie?aioaai ia?iaeiaeanoey. A yoi i?eaaei e oiio, /oi aeeeoaoo?a
i?ieaoa?eaoa an? aieueoa iai?a/eaaeanue ia niceaeaoaeueiie noi?iiie, a
ea?aoaeueiie. Naaiaeiy iu ciaai, /oi Noaeei ia aue au oai Noaeeiui, anee
au ii ia eniieueciaae ianeeea eae aaaeiaeoee eino?oiaio aeey
aeinoeaeaiey iieeoe/aneeo oeaeae. Ianeeea oaeoe/anee noaei iaeiei ec
?aoathueo n?aaenoa ?aaeecaoeee nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo ieaiia e
i?ia?aii. Oaeie iiai?io a iieeoe/aneii eo?na, ia/aoue au? a eiioea 20-o
aiaeia e iniaaiii ?aeueaoii i?iyaeaoeeny iinea 17 nuacaea ia?oee, iiaeae
ca niaie iieino ai?ueeeo eao, eiaaea oieueei aaeeeee nioeeaeueiue ca?yae
Ieoya?y, i?eaa?aeaiiinoue ia?oee eaieiecio ia iicaieeee ia?iaeo
oniiieony a oeaiiinoyo nioeeaeecia e i?ae?aoeoue ia/aoia Eaieiui
aani?aoeaaeaioiia ia?aono?ienoaa ie?a.

I?e oiiieiaiee eiaie Noaeeia a iaiyoe o iiiaeo ethaeae naaiaeiy i?aaeaea
anaai anieuaaao o?aae/aneee 1937 aiae, ?ai?annee, iii?aiea /aeiaa/iinoe.
N aaaeiia Noaeeia ia/ae auno?i c?aoue /oaeiaeuiue ia?ua aaccaeiiey.
Aeiiaiui ca yoe i?anooieaiey iao i?iuaiey. Ii eiaiii ia yoe aiaeu
i?eoiaeeony ace?o iao?eioecia niaaoneeo ethaeae, aeinoeaoee naiaai
aiiaay a aiaeu Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu. An? yoi oaeaeinue
?aaeeciaaoue ia i?aeoeea ia aeaaiaea?y, a aii?aee noaeeineie
iaoiaeieiaee iuoeaiey e aeaenoaey. A oneiaeyo aeaiie?aoee aeinoeaeaiey
iiaee auoue aieaa aaniiuie. Noaeei auno?i i?eaue e ianeeeth eae
iaycaoaeueiiio ao?eaooo iaia?aie/aiiie aeanoe. Ea?aoaeueiay iaoeia,
iouaiiay ei a eiioea 30-o aiaeia ia iieiue oiae, caoaaoeea aiia?aaeaiea
ia oieueei ooieoeeiia?ia ieaeiaai caaia, ii e aai naiiai. Yaiethoeey
niiecaiey e ianeeeth eae oieaa?naeueiiio n?aaenoao i?ioea ?yae yoaiia.
Aia/aea ai?ueaa i?ioea ?aaeueiuo a?aaia, a iie, aa?iyoii, auee: caoai –
eeeaeaeaoeey ee/iuo i?ioeaieeia; aeaeueoa oaea aeaenoaiaaea no?aoiay
eia?oeey ianeeey; iaeiiaoe, ianeeea noaei ?anniao?eaaoueny eae
iieacaoaeue i?aaeaiiinoe “aiaeaeth”. Noaeei oie/oiaeae “a?aaia”, a aieiu
oee aeaeueoa e aeaeueoa… Yoi aue o?aae/aneee o?eoio ceie neeu. Eiiaaea
o?oaeii iauynieoue, ca/ai iiiaaeiaeeinue aio, ono?aieaoaio anao naieo
niia?ieeia, i?iaeieaeaoue ”au?oaaoue” eo/oeo ethaeae ia?oee e
ainoaea?noaa a eaioi a?iciuo eniuoaiee? A naieo i?aaiao IEAAe iaeioi?ua
aieueoaaeee ?aiueoa ae?oaeo ?anniio?aee iianiinoue ienoa?ee anaiauae
iiaeic?eoaeueiinoe e ?ai?annee. Oieueei a eo n?aaea aieaa 23 ouny/
/anoiuo ethaeae iaee aea?oaaie aaccaeiiey.

Iaiaeanoaeaiea “aiaeaey” iieo/aei aunoee niune, ii?aaaeuaaei a aeacao
ethaeae ethaua iaaaoeaiua yaeaiey ca n/ao i?ieneia “a?aaia” e ,
iaiai?io, i?eienuaaei ana oniaoe oio e aiea iaeiiai /aeiaaea. O?eoio
“aiaeaey” e o?aaaaeey ia?iaea iaoiaeeee nai? au?aaeaiea a aeiaiaoecia e
ath?ie?aoecia nenoaiu e iaeiia?aiaiii a aunieii iao?eioecia,
eioa?iaoeeiiaeecia niaaoneeo ethaeae, ai anaaeanoee aiia?aoa e
iaieioee?iaaiee niciaieai ieeeeiiia e a iiaeeeiiie a?aaeaeainoaaiiinoe e
iiaeaeaeie/anoaa ia?iaea.

A?yae ee iiaoo i?eaanoe e enoeia iiiuoee iiiyoue nouiinoue noaeeineiai
eoeueoa ee/iinoe iooai i?eaycee anaai, i?iecioaaeoaai ai a?aiaia
i?aaeaiey Noaeeia, e iaeiiio eeoue yoiio eiaie. Oi/ii oaeaea iaaiciiaeii
iauynieoue eoeueo ee/iinoe “eneiiii ?onneie ethaiaueth e iiia?oecio”.

A enoi?e/aneeo aiaeiaeyo iaaeaeo noaeeieciii e ?onneei aaniethoeciii
i?iiaaeaao naiia aeaaiia e nouanoaaiiia, a eiaiii – i?aaenoaaeaiea ia
enoi?e/aneie oieeaeueiinoe oiai, /oi i?iecioei o ian ai a?aiaia
Noaeeia, a Eoaeee – ai a?aiaia Ionnieeie, a a Aa?iaiee – ai a?aiaia
Aeoea?a: aeanoieay ecieyoeey e oie/oiaeaiea ieeeeiiia ethaeae,
aaiioeeae, inouanoaeyaiue eeai ii eeanniaiio, eeai ii iaoeeiiaeueiiio
i?eciaeo.

Oaea naii ii naaa oaeia eiee/anoai aea?oa, eeeaeaeaoeey oeaeuo eeannia e
iaoeee, naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aicieeiiaaiee niaa?oaiii iiaie neooaoeee.
Aeey oiai, /oiau niaea?aeaoue a caeeth/aiee e oie/oiaeaoue ieeeeiiu
ethaeae, ioaeai ia?iiiue aiia?ao, ia/eiay io niioaaonoaothuaai ia?eiiaoa
eee ieienoa?noaa e eii/ay iecoeie aai /eiiaieeaie – /eiiaieeaie io?aiu,
iie?aaoeieny, a naith i/a?aaeue, ia iaaeaniuo /eiiaieeia ec n?aaeu naieo
caeeth/aiiuo.

I?e/ai ?a/ue oea ia i aaeeie/iii aeoa oi?acaeiaiey ieeeeiiia ethaeae, ii
i aai ia?iaiaioiii oa?aeoa?a, i ?anoyaeaaiey yoiai aeoa ai a?aiaie,
i?aa?auaiee a yeaiaio ia?aca aeecie. ?a/ue eaeao ia ii?aaeaeaiiie
iinoiyiii aeaenoaothuae nenoaia oie/oiaeaiey, ia eioi?oth, eae ia naith
“eaeaaeueioth iiaeaeue”, i?eaioe?oaony any inoaeueiay ath?ie?aoey.
Eiaiii n aeaaiie caaea/e – iinoiyiiiai oi?acaeiaiey ia?iiiuo
/aeiaa/aneeo iann – ia/eiaaony ea/anoaaiiia ioee/ea aaeieieno?aoeaiie
nenoaiu oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia – oioaeeoa?iie ath?ie?aoee – io
aaoi?eoa?iie ath?ie?aoee o?aaeeoeeiiiuo iauanoa e ?aoeeiiaeueiie
ath?ie?aoee eiaeono?eaeueiuo eaieoaeenoe/aneeo iauanoa. I?eioeeieaeueii
aaaeii e oi, /oi oi?acaeiaiea inouanoaeyeinue ii i?iyaeaieyi /aeiaaea ia
oieueei a iieeoeea, yeiiiieea, eaeaieiaee, ii e a iaoea, a iauae
eoeueoo?a, a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie. Yoi e aeaeaei iiaoth ath?ie?aoeth
niaa?oaiii oieaa?naeueiui eino?oiaioii oi?aaeaiey, eino?oiaioii i?yiiai
ianeeey, iie?athuaainy ia neeo i?oaeey.

Ii eae oaeiio oe?aio oaeaeinue i?eeoe e aeanoe? Iinea nia?oe Eaieia
n?aaee aiaeaeae ?aaiethoeee Noaeei eiae ?aiooaoeeth iaeiiai ec iaeaieaa
aeanoeeo e aieaauo caueoieeia eo?na ia oe?aieaiea ia?aiai a ie?a
nioeeaeenoe/aneiai ainoaea?noaa. O?ioeeee aue oaa?ai, /oi eeaea?noai a
ia?oee iiaeao ia?aeoe e iaio. Ii aia?aiy ai?ueau ca eeaea?noai aieueoia
cia/aiea eiaee oeaeaono?aie?iiinoue, iieeoe/aneay aiey, oeo?inoue,
eiaa?noai Noaeeia. Ia iineaaeithth ?ieue caeanue nua?aea niiniaiinoue
Noaeeia iaeneiaeueii eniieueciaaoue ia?oeeiue aiia?ao aeey aeinoeaeaiey
naieo oeaeae. Ii oaeaeae a yoii iaoaiecia eaeaaeueiue eino?oiaio aeanoe.
A i eaieineii i?aaeinoa?aaeaiee a ioiioaiee Noaeeia ciaee aeaeaei ia ana
aieueoaaeee. I?e an?i yoii, Noaeei aue aaeeeei aeo??ii. Ii
eneeth/eoaeueii eneonii ea?ae iiiaeanoai ?ieae: ne?iiiiai ?oeiaiaeeoaey,
ai?oea ca /enoioo ia?oeeiuo eaeaaeia, a caoai e “aiaeaey”, “iooea
ia?iaea”, aaeeeiai iieeiaiaeoea, oai?aoeea, oeaieoaey eneonnoa,
i?iaeaeoea. Ii iniaaiii noa?aoaeueii Noaeei no?aieeny ea?aoue ?ieue
aa?iiai o/aieea e ni?aoieea aaeeeiai Eaieia. An? yoi iinoaiaiii
nicaeaaaei Noaeeio iiioey?iinoue a ia?iaea e ia?oee.

Iiiuoea iaienaoue ii?o?ao E.A. Noaeeia – ia i?inoi yeneo?n a iaaeae?eia
i?ioeia. Iaeuecy caauaaoue, /oi ?anniao?eaaaiua i?ioeannu enoi?ee, an?
aieaa ioaeaeyaiua io ian a?aiaiiie aeenoaioeeae, i?iaeieaeatho aeeyoue e
aoaeoo aeieai ieacuaaoue naia aicaeaenoaea eae ia ianoiyuaa, oae e ia
aoaeouaa. A iii /anoi iaoiaeeony ai?acaei aeeaea, /ai iaeioi?ua
i?aaeiieaaatho.

Noae ethaeae iiaeao auoue i?ec?a/iui. Noae enoi?ee aa/ai.

Eiaaea a 1938 aiaeo Aeoea? aioiaeeny iiaeioeoue *aoineiaaeeth, Noaeei
iaiaeiie?aoii ii?o/ae ia?eiiaoo eiino?aiiuo aeae iaoiaeeoue oi?iu e
niiniau ioaee/iiai iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey aioiaiinoe NNN? caueoeoue
*aoineiaaeeth. Ii i?aaeoaeuenoai *aoineiaaeee a neiaeeaoeony oneiaeyo ia
noiaei iinoaaeoue iaoeeiiaeueiua eioa?anu auoa eeanniauo e iiae
aeaaeaieai Aiaeee e O?aioeee iii eaieooee?iaaei ia?aae Aeoea?ii.
O?aioeey oaeoe/anee oaeaea iioea ia aiioee?iaaiea aeiaiai?a n
*aoineiaaeeae. A yoeo oneiaeyo, ?aciuoeye Noaeei, aeaaiia – ia aeaoue
naeiee?iaaoue eiia?eaeenoe/aneei ainoaea?noaai i?ioea NNN?. Ii aai
oeacaieth Eeoaeiia, a caoai e Iieioia noaee aeoeaii i?iuoiuaaoue
aiciiaeiinoe n?uaa eiia?eaeenoe/aneiai naiai?a i?ioea NNN?. Noaeeia
i/aiue aaniieieei niaea?aeaiea “ithioaineie ei?ceiu”: aiaei-aa?iaineay
aeaeea?aoeey i iaiaiaaeaiee, iiaeienaiiay a naioya?a 1938 aiaea, e oaeia
aea o?aiei-aa?iaineia niaeaoaiea (aeaeaa?ue 1938 a.). Oaeoe/anee yoe
aeiaiai??iiinoe aeaee Aeoea?o “naiaiaeo ?oe” ia ainoiea. Iaei oiai: i?e
ii?aaeae?iiuo oneiaeyo niaeaoaiey iiaee noaoue iniiaie aioeniaaoneiai
nithca. Noaeei iiieiae, /oi anee yoi i?iecieaeao, oi ooaeooth neooaoeeth
aeey no?aiu i?eaeoiaoue o?oaeii.

Au? aei 18 nuacaea Noaeei aeae oeacaiea ia?eiio eiino?aiiuo aeae aueoe n
i?aaeeiaeaieai e a?eoaineiio e o?aioeocneiio i?aaeoaeuenoaai ia/aoue
o??onoi?iiiea ia?aaiai?u, /oiau au?aaioaoue ia?u ii i?ana/aieth
aeaeueiaeoae oaoenoeie aa?annee. Aiaeey e O?aioeey, iaia?aaaynue
ieacaoue aeaaeaiea ia Aeoea?a, niaeaneeenue ia yoe ia?aaiai?u. Iaeiaei
eo iaia?aiey auyaeeenue aeiaieueii auno?i. Iiiai/eneaiiua enoi/ieee
aeieacuaatho, /oi Eiiaeii e Ia?eae nei?aa anaai oioaee iai?aaeoue
aa?anneth Aeoea?a ia ainoie e iaioioii neooaee i “caa?aaeeoaeueiii
aaea”, eioi?ue i?aaeeaaae nicaeaoue Niaaoneee Nithc. I.I. Eeoaeiia ienae
E.I. Iaeneiio, niaaoneiio iiei?aaeo a Eiiaeiia: “Aeoea? iiea aeaeaao
aeae, /oi ia iiieiaao aiaei-o?aioeocneeo iaiaeia ian/ao naiaiaeu
aeaenoaee ia ainoiea, ii ii, iiaeao auoue, iieiao, anee a i?eaea/o e
iaiaeai eia-/oi ae?oaia aoaeao i?aaeeiaeaii aio Aiaeeae e O?aioeeae”.

Aa?iaiey aeaeaea an? aiciiaeiia, eeoue au iiiaoaoue aiciiaeiiio
naeeaeaieth NNN? n Aiaeeae e O?aioeeae. Ii ia?aaiai?u ninoiyeenue,
i?aaaea oaea ia ia?auo canaaeaieyo noaei ynii, /oi caiaaeiua iennee
i?eauee a Iineao a iniiaiii aeey oiai, /oiau eceaaaoue iauea
niia?aaeaiey, eioi?ie?iaaoue Eiiaeii e Ia?eae i “oe?ieiianooaaiuo
ieaiao” Iineau, a ia aeey oiai, /oiau no?aieoueny au?aaioaoue eiie?aoiia
e aeaenoaaiiia niaeaoaiea. Ia ia?aaiai?u a Iineao i?eauee aoi?inoaiaiiua
eeoea, ia oiieiiii/aiiua i?eieiaoue aaaeiua ?aoaiey. Iaeiia?aiaiii, e ia
yoii noaei ecaanoii Noaeeio, ia?oi??u ii ia?aaiai?ai ia i?ae?auaee naieo
oaeiuo iiiuoie aeiaeoueny i?eaieaiiai niaeaoaiey n Aeoea?ii.
Noaiiaeeinue ynii: Aiaeey e O?aioeey i?inoi oyioo a?aiy a iieneao
auaiaeiiai aeey naay aa?eaioa, aac o/aoa eioa?ania NNN?. Caiaaeiua
no?aiu ia auaeaeioee /aoeie eiioeaioeee niaianoiuo aeaenoaee i?ioea
Aa?iaiee. A iiceoeee eo aeaeaaaoeee yaii i?iniao?eaaeinue iaia?aiea
ioaanoe NNN? aeaaioth ?ieue a i?ioeainoiyiee aiciiaeiie aa?annee
iaiaoeeeo aiene aac ii?aaeae?iiuo aa?aioee nianoaaiiiai
i?iii?oeeiiaeueiiai aeeaaea a aeaei ai?ueau n aa?anneae. Noaeei iiiye,
/oi yoi icia/aao e?ao eaeae eieeaeoeaiie aaciianiinoe.

O NNN? ieacaeny naiue ia?aie/aiiue auai?. Aaeeiiaea?aeaoe aieaa /ai ca
iieoi?a aeanyoeeaoey oaea i?eaue i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey, eioi?ua ieacuaaee
aeeyiea ia noaeueau ieeeeiiia ethaeae. Ii, i?e naiae eneeth/eoaeueiie
inoi?iaeiinoe, ia aiyeny ioaaonoaaiiinoe, oaa?iaaa a naith
iaiia?aoeiinoue , oioy e i?eaaaae e eniuoaiiiio iaoiaeo: naaeeaaoue aeio
ca iaoaea/e ia ae?oaeo. Noaeei i?eaue, /oi iineaaeiaa neiai anaaaea
inoa?ony ca iei. “Aiaeaeue” ?aoee aa?iooueny e “aa?iaineiio aa?eaioo”,
eioi?ue ianoie/eai i?aaeeaaae Aa?eei. Ii aai iiaieth ae?oaiai auai?a
oaea ia auei. Ia ii?iaa noiyea aieia e ioaeii auei ethaie oeaiie
ioiaeaeiooue aa ia/aei.

23 aaaonoa 1939 aiaea a Iineaa aue iiaeienai Iaeo i iaiaiaaeaiee iaaeaeo
Niaaoneei Nithcii e Aa?iaieae. Noaeei, iaiaeeaeaiii niaeaneaoenue ia
aeiaiai? n Aa?iaieae, iioae aeaeueoa. Ii niaeaneeny ia ?yae
aeiiieieoaeueiuo niaeaoaiee, ecaanoiuo eae “nae?aoiua i?ioieieu”,
eioi?ua i?eaeaee e?aeia iaaaoeaiue oa?aeoa? yoiio auioaeaeaiiiio e,
aiciiaeii, iaiaoiaeeiiio oaao.

30 iiya?y 1939 aiaea ia/aeenue aiaiiua aeaenoaey ia niaaonei-oeineie
a?aieoea. Noaeeia aaniieieea aeecinoue niaaonei-oeineie a?aieoeu e
Eaieia?aaeo e yaiia oyaioaiea Oeieyiaeee e Aa?iaiee. Ia?aaiai?u n
Oeieyiaeeae n oeaeueth auioaeeoue eo ioiaeaeiooue a?aieoeo io
Eaieia?aaea ca niioaaonoaothuoth oa??eoi?eaeueioth eiiiainaoeeth
ieacaeenue aanieiaeiua. Noaeei aue oaa?ai, /oi noieo aio i?aaeuyaeoue
oeueoeiaooi e oai aieaa ia/aoue aiaaua aeaenoaey, eae oeieyiaeneia
i?aaeoaeuenoai ooo aea i?eiao ana aai oneiaey. “Aiaeaeue” aue oaa?ai,
/oi oeiiu auno?i eaieooee?otho. Aiaiiua aeaenoaey i?iaeieaeaeenue ii/oe
/aou?a ianyoea. Oeaiie aieueoeo iioa?ue a ia/aea ia?oa 1940 aiaea
niaaonei-oeieyiaeneee ie?iue aeiaiai? aue iiaeienai. Noaeei aue
?acaeinaaeiaai. Aanue ie? oaeaeae ieceoth aioiaiinoue E?aniie A?iee e
aieia. Aanneaaiay aieia i?eaaea Niaaoneee Nithc e iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
ecieyoeee. 14 aeaeaa?y 1939 a. NNN? aue eneeth/ai ec Eeae Iaoeee.

Aieia iieacaea e?oiiua iaaeinoaoee a i?aaiecaoeee, iiaeaioiaea,
oi?aaeaiee /anoyie e niaaeeiaieyie E?aniie A?iee. Aeoea? aue oaeeaeai e
ia?aaeiaai. Aai no?aoaae/aneea ieaiu, eacaeinue, iniiaaiu ia aa?iuo
?an/aoao. Iiaaaea, aeinoeaiooay aieueoie oeaiie, auea ?aaiineeueia
ii?aeueiiio ii?aaeaieth. Yoi iiieiaee e Noaeei e Aeoea?. Eaaeaeue
naeaeae naie auaiaeu. Ii o Noaeeia inoaaaeinue iaiueoa a?aiaie aeey
?aaeecaoeee caaeoiaiiiai. E iaio i?eoea iaaaaeiiay a iineaaeiea aiaeu
iaoaa?aiiinoue. N yoiai iiiaioa iai?a?uaii “aiaeaeue” ionne?iaae iaeio
eaeath: “Anee Aeoea?a ia ni?iaioee?iaaoue, ii ia iaiaaeao”. Eiaaea
niaaoneea iia?aie/ieee naeee iaiaoeeee naiieao-ia?ooeoaeue, aeoaiei
aoi?aoeeny ia oa??eoi?eth NNN?, Noaeei ee/ii aeae oeacaiea ecaeieoueny.
Aiththuay Aa?iaiey iieo/eea iaaiththuaai oaeoe/anee nithcieea. A Aa?eeia
ii/oanoaiaaee yoi auno?i. A aieueoeo iaiaa?ao Noaeeio oaia?ue auea
oaioiaaia ?ieue iaeeaeathuae noi?iiu, a Aeoea? aue aeecie e caaa?oaieth
iiaeaioiaee iioiaea ia ainoie.

*oiau i?aaeeueii iiiyoue oaiiiai Noaeeia, aai oaae, iiiuneu, aeayiey,
/anoi – i?anooieaiey, ioaeii iiiuoaoueny iuneaiii ia?aianoenue a oi
y?inoiia, aeanoieia, no?iaia a?aiy. Iiiaea oaae e ia?u Noaeeia ii
i?aaeioa?auaieth aieiu, ioaeaeaieth aa n?ieia, oe?aieaieth caiaaeiuo
?oaaaeae auee a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a auioaeaeaiiuie. Ii a yoie
aeayoaeueiinoe Noaeei aeiionoee e?oiiua ioeaee e i?in/aou. I?e anae
naiae iiaeic?eoaeueiinoe ii ia?aaeiaa?eeny Aeoea?o e niaa?oee ?yae
iaeiicia/ii ii?iiao/eauo oaaia. Iaeaieaa e?oiiie i?eioeeieaeueiie
ioeaeie yaeeinue caeeth/aiea 28 naioya?y 1939 aiaea
“Aa?iainei-niaaoneiai aeiaiai?a i ae?oaeaa e a?aieoea iaaeaeo NNN? e
Aa?iaieae”. A niioaaonoaee n yoei aeiaiai?ii auee i/a?/aiu a?aieoeu
“noa?u eioa?ania” aeaoo ainoaea?noa, n i?eeiaeaieai aaia?aoe/aneie
ea?ou. A?aieoea oaea ioee/aeanue io oie, /oi auea ii?aaeaeaia “nae?aoiui
i?ioieieii” e iaeoo io 23 aaaonoa 1939 aiaea. Iia i?ieaaaea a iniiaiii
ii ?aeai Ia?aa, Aoa e Nai.

Anoue iaeioi?ua aeieacaoaeuenoaa oiai, /oi Noaeei au? aei ia/aea aieiu
ii/oanoaiaae e iiiye iieeoe/aneoth ioeai/iinoue yoiai oaaa. Anee iaeo i
iaiaiaaeaiee aue a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a auioaeaeaiiui oaaii, oi aeiaiai? i
“ae?oaeaa” – ?acoeueoaoii ia?aioeaiee Noaeeiui nianoaaiiiai aiaeeca,
ionoonoaey i?iaiinoe/aneiai aeaeaiey. Noaeei a nai?i no?aieaiee ia
aeiionoeoue aieiu eee, ii e?aeiae ia?a, iooyiooue a? ia/aei ia?anooiee
iineaaeithth eaeaieiae/anee ii?aaaeaiioth a?aiue, /oi eiaei aeaeaei
eaeouea io?eoeaoaeueiua iineaaenoaey.

Ianiio?y ia io/ayiiua oneeey Noaeeia ioiaeaeiooue aieio, yoo caaea/o
oaeaeinue ?aoeoue eeoue /anoe/ii. Anei?a iinea iiaeienaiey aeiaiai?a i
“ae?oaeaa” noaei aaniethoii ynii: aieia aieioioth iiaeioea e iaoei
?oaaaeai. A?aiy iieeoe/aneeo iaiaa?ia eii/aeinue. A ethaie iiiaio Aeoea?
iia ?acaycaoue aieio. Noaeei, eioi?ue aei iineaaeiaai iiiaioa ia oioae a
yoi aa?eoue, i?iniao?eaae oaea ia i?inoi ooiaiiua eiioo?u oaoenoeie
oa?icu, aio auea ynii aeaeia aa?anneaiay, ecaioiaeaoayny e a?ineo ia
Ainoie, aeaaioneay aeoea?ianeay aiaiiay iaoeia.

Iaiiaeaioiaeaiiinoue e aieia, ionoonoaea eiiaiaeiiai ninoaaa, ii/oe
iieiinoueth eno?aae?iiiai ia?aae aeoea?ianeei aoi?aeaieai. Aaniethoiia
ianiioaaonoaea Aeeeoaoi?a caaea/ai oi?aaeaiey ainoaea?noaii e aai
aii?oaeaiiuie neeaie. Ianniaue oa??i? e nenoaia oioaeueiie neaaeee ia
o?iioa e a oueo. Iaeiiiaoaioiinoue aieueoeinoaa auaeaeioouo Noaeeiui
iieeiaiaeoeaa. I?eiaiaiea ia?oayuae ia?oeeiie aeaiaaiaee i?e ioeaiea
aiaaie ianoaiiaee e a iia?aoeaiii eiiaiaeiaaiee. Neiaeiue eiiieaen
i?e/ei iiaea?e no?aio e aiaiiie eaoano?ioa 1941 aiaea.

Ii aai iiaeii au?aceoue iaeiei i?inoui neiaii: noaeeiueia. Nia?oiiiniue
nia?/ i?ioae ia oieueei ii no?aia, ii e ii aa a?iee e oeioo. ?ai?annee
oaea?eee i?aaeaea anaai ii aunoei eiiaiaeiui eaae?ai, iieeoninoaao,
oeaio?aeueiiio aiia?aoo Ia?eiiaoa iai?iiu. Ii eiathueiny aeaiiui, n iay
1937 aiaea ii naioya?ue 1938 aiaea a a?iee iiaeaa?aeenue ?ai?anneyi 36
761 /aeiaae, a ia oeioa – aieaa 3 ouny/. *anoue ec ieo auea, i?aaaea,
eeoue oaieaia ec ?EEA. A ?acoeueoaoa ai?ueau n “a?aaaie ia?iaea” a
1937-1940 aiaeao niaieeenue ana eiiaiaeothuea ie?oaia, ia 90% i?iecioei
iaiiaeaiea ia/aeueieeia ooaaia ie?oaia e caianoeoaeae eiiaiaeothueo, ia
80% iaiiaeeny ninoaa oi?aaeaiee ei?ionia e aeeaecee, ia 90% –
eiiaiaee?ia e ia/aeueieeia ooaaia. Neaaenoaeai e?iaaaie /enoee yaeeinue
?aceia nieaeaiea eioaeeaeooaeueiiai iioaioeeaea a a?iee e ia oeioa. E
ia/aeo 1941 aiaea eeoue 7,1% eiiaiaeii-ia/aeuenoaothuaai ninoaaa eiaee
aunoaa aiaiiia ia?aciaaiea, 55,9% – n?aaeiaa, 24,6% – onei?aiiia
ia?aciaaiea e 12,4% eiiaiaee?ia e iieeo?aaioieeia ia eiaee aiaiiiai
ia?aciaaiey. Ii oeacaieth Noaeeia Iaoeen “/enoee” eaae?u a?iee e oeioa,
oioy e ii?iao Ioa/anoaa iiaeoiaeeea no?aoiay aieia.

E ia/aeo 1941 aiaea iaoa a?iey, eae cayaee Noaeei, ian/eouaaao 300
aeeaecee (ii ia neacae, /oi aieaa /aoaa?oe ec ieo iaoiaeeeenue eeoue a
noaaeee oi?ie?iaaiey, a ii/oe noieueei aea auei oieueei-oieueei
noi?ie?iaaii), ec eioi?uo iaeia o?aoue – iaoaiece?iaaiiua.

A aiaiiii no?ieoaeuenoaa eaae?u auee naiui neaaui ianoii. A Noaeei,
eno?aaea eo/oeo ethaeae, iiaoi?ye naie eicoia: “Eaae?u ?aoatho an?”.
Ia?iiiue aeaoeoeeo aiaiiuo niaoeeaeenoia, ia?aciaaaoeeny a 1937-1938
aiaeao, iiaeii auei eeeaeaee?iaaoue ia iaiaa /ai ca 5-7 eao.

I?e ?aoaiee iai?iiiuo aii?inia aaeeiiaeanoea Noaeeia ia?aaeei ieacuaaei
eneeth/eoaeueii io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea. A ?acoeueoaoa /aai aoeaaeueii
iaeaioia aieiu auei inoaiiaeaii i?iecaiaenoai oaieiauo i?oaeee iaiueoaai
eaeea?a. Yoi auei a?oaie ioeaeie, aieia anei?a canoaaeea ioiaieoue
iaeiiiaoaioiia ?aoaiea Noaeeia e aa?iooueny e auioneo noa?uo i?oaeee. Ii
neieueei a?aiaie auei oiouaii, neieueei auei iio?a/aii nee e n?aaenoa ia
ainnoaiiaeaiea eeeaeaee?iaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa! Nionoy ianyoe iinea
ia/aea aieiu Noaeei iaoae aeiiaieeia – ?oaaeny, aiciouaeny… Noaeei
naie ioeaee i?eciaaaoue ia oiae e ia ethaee. Oai aieaa ii ia iia
i?iuaoue ae?oaei oa ioeaee, eioi?ua niaa?oee nai.

?aoay iai?iiiua caaea/e, Noaeei iiaeieiae “ieaieo” o?aaiaaiee
iaeneiaeueii auniei, iau/ii ia a?aie /aeiaa/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae. ?aoaiey
Noaeeia auee iaeciaiii aeanoeeie, aeaaea aacaeaeinoiuie. Eo auiieiaiea
anaaaea o?aaiaaei aea?oa, iai?eia?, /oiau eeeaeaee?iaaoue ionoaaaiea a
aaeaoeeiiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ii ianoiyieth Noaeeia Iieeoath?i OeE AEI(a)
a naioya?a 1939 aiaea i?eiyei ?aoaiea i no?ieoaeuenoaa a oa/aiee
1940-1941 aiaeia aeaayoe iiauo aaeaoeeiiiuo caaiaeia! Noieueei aea
caaiaeia auei ?aoaii ?aeiino?oe?iaaoue. Aaeai?iiuoeaiiinoue noaea
?aaioaoue ii aeanoeiio a?aoeeo. A eiee/anoaaiiii ioiioaiee aaeaoeeiiiay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue aeiaeeanue ?aceiai nea/ea, ii iiaua oeiu naiie?oia
ia/aee nicaeaaaoueny oieueei ai aoi?ie iieiaeia 1940 aiaea. Ea/anoai
auioneaaiuo naiie?oia /anoi auei iaaunieei. Yoi n?aco aea i?eaaei e
?inoo eaoano?io e aaa?ee a Aiaiii-aicaeooiuo Neeao. Noaeei aeaeae a yoii
yaeaiee aeio eaoiiai ninoaaa, a?aaeeoaeuenoai. Aeaeaa ia?eii i?eeacae
niyoue aaia?ae-eaeoaiaioa aaeaoeee ?u/aaiaa n iinoa ia/aeueieea Aeaaiiai
oi?aaeaiey AAN EA, i?aaeaoue noaeo ?yae eiiaiaee?ia aaeaoeeiiiuo /anoae.
Aieia noo/aeanue a aeaa?ue, a i?iecaiaenoai iiaaeoeo ia?acoeia i?oaeey e
aiaaie oaoieee oieueei ?acai?a/eaaeinue. Aieia canoaea aiaiioth
niaaoneoth i?iiuoeaiiinoue a i?ioeanna inaiaiey iiaie oaoieee, ianniaue
auione nia?aiaiiie aiaiiie oaoieee ia aue au? i?aaieciaai. Ai iiiaeo
aiiaue oi?ie?oaiuo niaaeeiaieyo iuouaeny ia?iiiue aieiae a aii?oaeaiee.
Iniaaiii yoi auei caiaoii a oaieiauo e iioi?eciaaiiuo aeeaeceyo.

A ia?aue aeaiue aieiu aieueoiai oiea o Noaeeia ia auei. Auea caiaoiay
?anoa?yiiinoue, ceiaa ia anao – aai oae aeanoiei iaiaioee, o?aaiaa
ia?aae iaecaanoiinoueth. Ia?aeecothuee oie ii?aceo Noaeeia eeoue /a?ac
4-5 aeiae, eiaaea ii iaeiiaoe oaaaeeeny, /oi iaoanoaea ian?o
nia?oaeueioth oa?ico ia oieueei Ioa/anoao, ii e aio, “ioae?iio e
iaiiaaaeeiiio aiaeaeth”.

Noaeei au? ia ciae, /oi ia o?iioao a ia?aua aeie aieiu oea?eee iieiay
ia?acaa?eoa, a ii?ie e oain. Ii aunoaa e o?iioiaia ?oeiaiaenoai,
ioaeiie?iiia iai?aaeaeaeaiiui ?acaeoeai niauoee, aiineei naieie ia
aaeaeaaoiuie ianoaiiaea aeaenoaeyie aua aieueoa iooaieoeu. Aaneiia/iua
ia?aiauaiey, ionoonoaea aeaeiai acaeiiaeaenoaey, oo?aoa oi?aaeaiey
niaaeeiaieyie e iauaaeeiaieyie, iaciaiea enoeiiie ianoaiiaee eeoue
onoaoaeyee e aac oiai e?aeia oyaeaeia iieiaeaiea aiene. ?anieaoa ca oi,
/oi a i?aaeaiaiiua aiaeu a?iey auea iaacaeaaeaia, ieacaeanue aeanoieie.
Iaeiiai aea?oaaiiiai ioaeanoaa e noieeinoe niaaoneeo nieaeao, uaae?i
iieeaoeo naiae e?iaueth ioaeaiiua a?aao caiee, auei iaaeinoaoi/ii.

Aeiaiaiiua i?in/aou, ia?anii?yaeeoaeueiinoue, aiyciue i?iaieaoeee,
neaaay iiaeaioiaea iiiaeo aiiaue auaeaeioouo eiiaiaee?ia e eiiaiaeothueo
naeaeaee a?ieth e iai?iio ?uoeie, o?oaeii oi?aaeyaiie, auno?i oa?ythuae
aa?o a naay. Aacaou ienaee i aa?iecia iia?aie/ieeia, i iiaeaeaao
e?o/eeia e oaieenoia, i oii, /oi no?aia iiaeieiaaony ia ioii? a?aao…
an? yoi auei oae. Ii ia o?iioa, e yoi oaea iaeuecy auei ne?uoue io
ia?iaea, iaaeaeaaeanue eaoano?ioa.

Noaeei ia?aie/ae, o?aaiaae, eiai-oi aucuaae, a a?aiaiaie oaaeeiyeny ia
aea/a eee a eaaeiaoa e /anaie ia aeaaae i naaa ciaoue. Ia?eii Oeiiuaiei,
iacia/aiiue iaeiia?aiaiii e aeaaie Noaaee, /oanoaiaae naay e?aeia
iaothoii a yoie aeieaeiinoe. Ie?oaeathuea iiieiaee, /oi oaeoe/aneia
aeaaainoai e iieiioa aeanoe an? ?aaii inoa?ony ca Noaeeiui. A ii a?e
naay eae-oi iai?eau/ii eiioeueneaii. Ana aeaeaee aai iiaeaaeaiiinoue,
e?aeithth oaiao?iiinoue. Ninoiyiea Noaeeia a ii?aaeae?iiie ia?a
ia?aaeaeinue e ?oeiaiaenoao Aaiooaaa. A ?acoeueoaoa a ia?aua o?e-/aou?a
aeiy ia auea ii-ianoiyuaio ioeaiaia neeaaeuaathuayny ianoaiiaea, eeoue
25-26 ethiy ai aanue aiein caaiai?eee ia iai?iia, i iiaeaioiaea
iai?iieoaeueiuo ?oaaaeae, auaeaeaeaiee ?aca?aia. Noaaea a ?yaea neo/aaa
iai?aaeyea a aienea aee?aeoeau, eioi?ua iiaeii ?anoeaieoue eeoue eae
aeanou io/ayiey, iaciaiey ianoaiiaee, no?aieaiey oioue eae-oi e oioue
aaea-oi aeiaeoueny /anoiiai oniaoa.

A ia?iae aeaeae aunooieaiey Noaeeia. A iaai ii-i?aaeiaio aa?eee. N iei
naycuaaee iaaeaaeaeu. Aiciiaeii, eiaiii yoi iiiiaei Noaeeio
inaiaiaeeoueny io ineoieiae/aneiai oiea. I?aaenaaeaoaeue AEI ?aoee
aunooieoue ii ?aaeei n ia?auaieai e no?aia eeoue 3 ethey!

I?e oie ia?iiiie aa?a a Noaeeia aai ?a/ue nua?aea aieueooth
iiaeeecothuoth ?ieue, eae au aeaea i?inoua ioaaou ia aii?inu, eioi?uie
io/eeny ia?iae. Eeoue iaiiiaea oiaaea auee niiniaiu niio?aoue aeoaaea e
aeaeaoue: eaoano?ioe/aneia ia/aei – ?acoeueoao aaeeiiaeanoey Noaeeia.
Aan/eneaiiua aea?oau – neaaenoaea i?in/?oia “iaiia?aoeiiai”. Aaee/aeoee
ia?aaeien: Noaeei niaa?oee iiiai ioeaie e oyaeaeuo i?anooieaiee, ii
aeaaiaea?y nicaeaiiie ei nenoaia iie oaioanoe/aneei ia?acii
o?ainoi?ie?iaaeenue a niciaiee ethaeae a aaeeeea aeayiey. Aeaaiue
aeiiaiee eaoano?ioe/aneiai ia/aea aieiu oai ia iaiaa i?iaeieaeae
ieeoeaoai?youe iaaeaaeaeu ia?iaea. “?aaioaea” aa?a.

Iioiieai inoa?ony eeoue ecoieyoueny, neieue ia?iiiui auei aaee/ea aeooa
niaaoneiai ia?iaea, iaoaaeoaai a naaa neeu iinea eaoano?iou ia?auo
iaaeaeue aieiu aunoiyoue e iiaaaeeoue. Ii oeaiie ieeeeiiiuo aea?oa.
“Aaee/ea” Noaeeia anaaaea aace?iaaeinue ia aea?oaao. Iiiaeo aea?oaao.
Iaen/eneeiuo aea?oaao.

A ethea e aaaonoa Noaeei nin?aaeioi/ee a naieo ?oeao anth iieiioo
ainoaea?noaaiiie, ia?oeeiie e aiaiiie aeanoe. 10 ethey Noaaea Aeaaiiai
Eiiaiaeiaaiey auea i?aia?aciaaia a noaaeo Aa?oiaiiai Aeaaiieiiaiaeiaaiey
ai aeaaa ni Noaeeiui. N yoiai aeiy e aei eiioea aieiu E.A. Noaeei
yaeyeny Aa?oiaiui Aeaaiieiiaiaeothuei. N 30 ethiy ii aicaeaaee
Ainoaea?noaaiiue Eiieoao Iai?iiu, a n 19 ethey e Ia?eiiao iai?iiu.

A ia?aue ia?eiae aieiu Noaeei ?aaioae ii 16-18 /ania a nooee, inoioeny,
noae aua aieaa aeanoieei, iaoa?ieiui, /anoi ceui. Aaeaaeiaaii aio
aeieeaaeuaaee aeanyoee aeieoiaioia aiaiiiai, iieeoe/aneiai,
eaeaieiae/aneiai e oicyenoaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a, eioi?ua iinea aai iiaeiene
noaiiaeeenue i?eeacaie, aee?aeoeaaie, iinoaiiaeaieyie, ?aoaieyie.
Nin?aaeioi/aiea anae iieeoe/aneie, ainoaea?noaaiiie e aiaiiie aeanoe a
iaeieo ?oeao eiaei eae iieiaeeoaeueiia, oae e io?eoeaoaeueiia cia/aiea.
N iaeiie noi?iiu, a /?acau/aeiuo oneiaeyo oeaio?aeecaoeey aeanoe
iicaieyea n iaeneiaeueiie iieiioie eiioeaio?e?iaaoue oneeey ainoaea?noaa
ia ?aoaiee aeaaiuo caaea/. N ae?oaie – aaniethoiia aaeeiiaeanoea ?acei
ineaaeyea naiinoiyoaeueiinoue, eieoeeaoeao, oai?/anoai ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
anao o?iaiae. Ie iaeii e?oiiia ?aoaiea, aeoeey, oaa auee iaaiciiaeiu aac
iaeia?aiey ia?aiai eeoea. Ai aeaaa anao noiye ii nai – nae?aoa?ue OeE,
I?aaenaaeaoaeue Niaia?eiia, Aa?oiaiue Aeaaiieiiaiaeothuee,
I?aaenaaeaoaeue AEI, I?aaenaaeaoaeue Noaaee, Ia?eii iai?iiu. Aeieoiaiou
ii iiaeienuaae oiaea ii-?aciiio: io eiaie OeE, Noaaee, AEI, Ia?eiiaoa
iai?iiu. Noaeei an? “caieioe” ia naaa. Eaeei au ie auei iaoa ioiioaiea e
Noaeeio naaiaeiy, iaeuecy ia i?eciaoue ia/aeiaa/aneiai ii ianooaaai e
ioaaonoaaiiinoe iauaia ?aaiou, eioi?ay eaaea ia aai iea/e.

A ?iee Aa?oiaiiai Noaeei iaoae naay aeaeaei ia n?aco. Ia?aua ianyoeu
aieiu ii ia?aaeei naeaaeny ia naioth ianoiyuoth “iaei/?aeo”: caieiaeny
?ani?aaeaeaieai iei e aeioiaie, aeaaae oeacaiey iai?aaeoue a?aaeaeaineia
ianaeaiea ia ?uouea i?ioeaioaieiauo ?aia, i?iniao?eaae i?iaeou niiauaiee
Eioi?iath?i. Noaeei, e yoi iaeuecy io?eoeaoue, a o?aae/aneie e?oaiaa?oe
aiaiiuo aoaeiae ia/ae iinoaiaiii iinoeaaoue iniiau no?aoaaee. A aoaeouai
ii ieeiaaea e ieeiio ia neaaeao, /oi oaeiua no?aoaaee, aeeaeaeoeeo
oi?ie?iaaiey ?aoaiee e caiuneia oao eee eiuo iia?aoeee aio iiiiaee
iinoe/ue AEoeia, Oaiioieeia, Aanee?aneee, Aioiiia, Aaoooei, ae?oaea
auaeathueany aiaia/aeueieee, eioi?ua oiaee, auee niiniaiu naeaeaoue
oaeea i?aaeeiaeaiey e oae iiaeaoue, /oi Noaeei eo, eae i?aaeei, i?eieiae
e iaeia?ye.

Aieia naia ii naaa aeanoiea. Ii Noaeei /anoi aeaeae a? au? aieaa
aeanoieie: AEaeaiia e AEoeia, aeieeaaeuaay ec Eaieia?aaea i iieiaeaiee
aeae, i?eaaee oaeou, eiaaea iaiaoeeea aienea, aoaeoy iaoe iiceoeee,
aiaee ia?aae niaie aeaiuei, noa?eeia, aeaoae, noaay oai naiui a
eneeth/eoaeueii o?oaeiia iieiaeaiea iai?iiythueony. Aeaoe e aeaiueiu
e?e/aee: “Ia no?aeyeoa! Iu – naie!”. Niaaoneee nieaeaou e ioeoea?u auee
a caiaoaoaeuenoaa: /oi aeaeaoue? Noaeei n?aaae?iaae iaiaaeeaiii.
N?aaae?iaae a aeooa naiae iaoo?u – i?aaeaeueii aeanoei: “…Aaeoa aianth
ii iaioeai e ii eo aeaeaaaoai, eoi au iie ie auee, eineoa a?aaia, an?
?aaii, yaeythony ee iie aieueiuie eee iaaieueiuie a?aaaie…”.

Aieia aeanoiea ii naiae nooe, ii caeanue aeanoieinoue iniaiai ?iaea –
aeanoieinoue ia oieueei e a?aao, yoi iiiyoii, ii e e naiei
niioa/anoaaiieeai. Aeaoae, naieo aeaoae – “ii coaai” ec aaoiiaoa! Yoi
ieeiaaea ie iiiyoue, ie iauynieoue, a oai aieaa ii?aaaeaoue iaaiciiaeii.
AEanoieia a?aiy, aeanoieea ethaee… Noaeei n ia/aeii aieiu, aaeaa
i?eaey a naay io ia?aeecothuaai oiea, aeey aui?aaeaiey iieiaeaiey i?ea?a
e naiaio eniuoaiiiio n?aaenoao: ?ai?anneyi e iaaiaoaieth no?aoa. Nioie
ouny/ ethaeae aeaee ia o?iioa, au? aieueoa – iiiaaeaee a ieai. Auoaaeoea
ec ie?oaeaiey, au?aaaoeany ec ieaia, ieacuaaeenue a “niaoe eaaa?yo ii
i?iaa?ea”. Anoue oeaeue ?yae aeiianaiee Aa?ee i ooieoeeiie?iaaiee yoeo
eaaa?ae. *anoue aiaiiineoaeaueo iinea i?iaa?ee iai?aaeyeanue a
oi?ie?oaiua iiaua iiae?acaeaeaiey, ae?oaeo ?anno?aeeaaee ia ianoa,
aunueaee ia aeieaea aiaeu a eaaa?y. Eo aeiey auea iniaaiii ai?ueea:
iici?, aan/anoea ei e eo naiueyi.

AEanoieinoue Noaeeia, i?iyaeaiioth a ia/aea aieiu ii ioiioaieth e
niaaoneei ethaeyi, iu naycuaaai n eiaiaie aaia?aeia Iaaeiaa e Ei?iaeiaa,
eioi?ua auee a?anoiaaiu e i?aaeaiu noaeo. A?iey oa?yea oiaaea eo/oeo
eiiaiaee?ia, eioi?ua aiineaaenoaee iiaee au anoaoue a oa?aiao ecaanoiuo
eiiaiaea?iia E?aniie A?iee. Oaeeo, eoi iia noaoue e ia noae, auei
iaiaei. I/aiue iiiaea iiaeaee ia iiea a?aie. Iaiaei auei e oaeeo
aaia?aeia, eioi?ua, en/a?iaa ana aiciiaeiinoe ai?ueau e ia aeaeay
iiianoue a ieai eee ia noaeeineoth ?ani?aao, eii/aee n niaie. A?oeau
nio?aieee iaiaei aeiianaiee i iiaeiaiuo neo/ayo: eii/ee aeeciue
naiioaeenoaii eiiaiaeothuee AAN Caiaaeiiai iniaiai aiaiiiai ie?oaa
Eiiaoe E.E., caianoeoaeue eiiaiaee?a 17-ai iioiiaoei?iona Eiaeioei I.A.

Noaeei naieoeeiie?iaae a?ano aieueoie a?oiiu eiiaiaee?ia e yoi a oi
a?aiy, eiaaea a?iey ioaeaeaeanue a a?aiioiuo ethaeyo n aiaiiie oi/ee
c?aiey! AEa?oaaie ?ai?annee noaee: aaia?ae-iaei? Aeaenaaa E.E.,
aaia?ae-iaei? A?ooaiyi A.E., aaia?ae-iaei? Aiie/ I.E., aaia?ae-iaei?
Aaeooeaae/ A.N., aaia?ae-eaeoaiaio Eaaiia O.N., aaia?ae-iaei? Eocueiei
O.E., aaia?ae-iaei? Iaeeeia A.A e iiiaea ae?oaea. Nienie ia ioaaouaaao
anao a?anoiaaiiuo. ?acee/ia noaeueaa yoeo ethaeae. Iaeioi?ui oaeaeinue
aa?iooueny ia o?iio, eiuo ia aeieaea aiaeu iiaeioeee eaaa?y, ae?oaea
iiaeaee.

No?aoiua no?aieoeu… aaeeiiaeanoea, au?aaeaiiia a aeanoieinoe ii
ioiioaieth e ia?iaeai. Iiaeoiaoue oieueei: Noaeei aeioae aei oiai, /oi
oaeoe/anee i?aaeuyaeye iaaeiaiea a “ainoaea?noaaiiie eciaia” oeaeui
ia?iaeai! Aieaa 100 ouny/ /aeiaae o/anoaoao a aunueea noa?eeia, aeaoae,
aeaiuei. Iaoaeeaeoaeueii, /oi ia o?iioao, /anoi a naiii ai?y/ai ianoa, a
e?eoe/aneee iiiaio ia oaaoaei “eeoiaai” iieea eee aaoaeueiia. A caeanue
aieaa 100 ouny/!

AEa?oaaie noaeeiecia noaee ana ia?iaeu iaoaai aaeeeiai Nithca. Noaeei
“caaycae” iaiaei oceia, o?aae/aneeo oceia a iaoae enoi?ee.

Noaeei ia aue “aaieaeueiui iieeiaiaeoeai”, eae i oii auei niiauaii ie?o
a nioiyo oieeaioia, oeeueiao, iiyi, enneaaeiaaiee, cayaeaiee. Yoi aue
eaaeiaoiue iieeiaiaeaoe, ia eeoaiiue i?aeoe/aneiai, aieaaiai, ceiai oia,
iinoeaoee oaeiu aiaiiiai eneonnoaa oeaiie e?iaaauo yenia?eiaioia.

Ii?o?ao yoiai /aeiaaea, caiyaoaai ai a?aiy aieiu ana aunoea iinou a
ainoaea?noaa, aoaeao iaiieiui, anee ia iiiuoaoueny ioaaoeoue ia aii?in:
aue ee iieeiaiae/aneee oaeaio o aoaeouaai aaia?aeenneiona? I?iyaee ee
naay Noaeei eae iieeiaiaeaoe a ?acee/iua ia?eiaeu aieiu? Eaeiaa ?ieue a
iieeiaiae/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe Noaeeia aai iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai
ie?oaeaiey? Ii/aio i?e “aaieaeueiinoe” Aa?oiaiiai iaoe iioa?e ieacaeenue
a aeaa-o?e ?aca aieueoeie, /ai o i?ioeaieea?

Noaeei ieeiaaea ia iaeaaeae auaeathueieny i?iaiinoe/aneeie
niiniaiinoyie. Aea yoi e iaaiciiaeii i?e aeiaiaoe/aneii neeaaea oia. Ii
naiia aeaaiia, Noaeei i?e iaee/ee neeueiie aiee e iaaeaeiai oia ia iia
iia?aoueny ia i?ioanneiiaeueiua aiaiiua ciaiey. Ii ia ciae aiaiiie
iaoee, oai?ee aiaiiiai eneonnoaa. Ii aeioiaeee aei anao i?aioae?inoae
no?aoaaee, iia?aoeaiiai eneonnoaa a oiaea e?iaaaie yiie?ee, iiiaeanoaa
i?ia e ioeaie. ?aiiia Noaeeia eae iieeiaiaeoea iiaeaea?aeeaaeinue
eieeaeoeaiui ?acoiii Aaia?aeueiiai ooaaa, iacao?yaeiuie niiniaiinoyie
iaeioi?uo e?oiiuo aiaia/aeueieeia, iaoiaeeaoeony ?yaeii n iei ai a?aiy
aieiu. Yoi i?aaeaea anaai – A.I. Oaiioieeia, A.E. AEoeia, A.I.
Aaneeaaneee, A.E. Aioiiia. Noaeei, eioi?ue, a nouiinoe, ieeiaaea ia
auaae a aieineeo /anoyo, a ooaaao, iieaauo ioieoao oi?aaeaiey, ia
i?aaenoaaeye ii-ianoiyuaio iaoaieci ooieoeeiie?iaaiey aiaiiie nenoaiu,
aio /anoi ia oaaoaei, iniaaiii a ia?aua iieoi?a aiaea aieiu, /oanoaa
iia?aoeaiiai a?aiaie, ?aaeueiuo i?ino?ainoaaiiuo eii?aeeiao oaao?a
aiaiiuo aeaenoaee, aiciiaeiinoae aiene. Ionthaea aai ?anii?yaeaiey,
ca?aiaa ia?a/?iiua ia iaauiieiaiea, eee iiniaoiua, iai?iaeoiaiiua
aeaenoaey.

Iiaeiene Noaeeia ia ouny/ao aeieoiaioia Noaaee – ia naeaeaoaeuenoai aai
ianneaineie ?iee. Ianneae aue nai ia?iae. A ?inienue neiei ea?aiaeaoii
ia aeieoiaioao – eeoue naeaeaoaeuenoai, /oi aa aeaaeaeaoe anth aieio
aeieaeai, iaycai aue naie aieth e oi iinayoeoue no?aoiie ai?ueaa n
neeaie cea, n eioi?uie ii ii?iiao/eai iuoaeny onoaiiaeoue ioiioaiey
“ae?oaeau” iaeaioia aieiu; eiia/ii, ia Noaeei, a i?aaeaea anaai aai
aiaiiia ie?oaeaiea naeaeaei a eiioea eiioeia noaaeo eieeaeoeaiui i?aaiii
no?aoaae/aneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa.

Naiia aieueoia aeeyiea ia Noaeeia eae aiaiiiai aeayoaey ieacaee
Oaiioieeia, AEoeia, Aaneeaaneee, Aioiiia. Iie eo aicaeaenoaeai ai a?aiy
e?iaaauo aoaeiae aieiu Noaeei iinoeaae acao/iua enoeiu iia?aoeaiiai
eneonnoaa e no?aoaaee. E anee a ia?aie aeenoeeieeia ii inoaeny ia o?iaia
iin?aaenoaaiiinoe, oi a no?aoaaee i?aoniae aieueoa. Aeaaiaea?y yoie
“/aoa??ea”, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo a ?aciia a?aiy aue ia/aeueieeii
Aaia?aeueiiai ooaaa, i?aaenoaaeoaeai eee /eaiii Noaaee eeai caianoeoaeai
Aa?oiaiiai Aeaaiieiiaiaeothuaai. Noaeei niia i?iyaeoue naay e eae
aiaiiue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue. I?e iaee/ee oaeiai aeenoaoaeueiiai ie?oaeaiey
auei i?inoi o?oaeii ia i?iyaeoue naay. Eaaeaeue ec /aou??o –
iaiiaoi?eiay aiaiiay eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue. Iaeuecy ia i?eciaoue, /oi
Noaeei yoi niia oaeaeaoue e ioeaieoue. A aeaaiia – eniieueciaaoue.
Iuoeaiea yoeo oaeaioeeauo aiaia/aeueieeia aoeaaeueii ieoaei ?aoaiey e
aieth Aa?oiaiiai. Anee Oaiioieeia iiiia Noaeeio iinoe/ue no?iaoth eiaeeo
aii?oaeaiiie ai?ueau, cia/aiea yoaeiie?iaaiey i?e iai?iia e ianooieaiee,
?ieue e ianoi no?aoaae/aneeo ?aca?aia a iia?aoeeyo, oi Aai?aee
Eiinoaioeiiae/ AEoeia, naiue i?ineaaeaiiue iieeiaiaeaoe Aaeeeie
Ioa/anoaaiiie Aieiu, ieacae aeeyiea ia Aa?oiaiiai a ae?oaii. Noaeei
aeaeae a AEoeiaa ia oieueei oaeaioeeaiai iieeiaiaeoea, aieaaiai
eniieieoaey ?aoaiee Noaaee, ii e /aeiaaea a /ai-oi, eae eacaeinue
Noaeeio, ?iaenoaaiiiai naaa a niunea ?aoeoaeueiinoe, neeiaiai iaii?a,
aaneiii?iienniinoe. A ia?aue ia?eiae aieiu AEoeia noae aeey Noaeeia
“iaei/eie-au?o/aei/eie”.

Aianoa n oai ioaeii neacaoue, /oi Noaeei i?e/anoai e iiyaeaieth
i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo oi?i no?aoaae/aneeo aeaenoaee-iia?aoeee a?oii
o?iioia. Yoi auee neiaeiaeoea e e?oiiaeoea eiiieaenu ai?a e n?aaeaiee,
iiae/ei?iiua aaeeiiio caiuneo, niaeaniaaiiua ii oeaee, ianoo e a?aiaie.
A iaeioi?uo ec yoeo iia?aoeee o/anoaiaaee io 100 aei 150 aeeaecee,
aeanyoee ouny/ i?oaeee, 5-7 ouny/ naiie?oia. Eiaiii caeanue, a oaeeo
iia?aoeeyo, aaea o/anoaiaaei ianeieueei o?iioia, Noaeei nai
ii-ianoiyuaio ii/oanoaiaae naay iieeiaiaeoeai. E?oiiua ianooaau ia
icia/aee aeey iaai eeoue eiee/anoaaiiia au?aaeaiea eniieuecoaiie iiue. A
ieo ii aeaeae aieueoea aiciiaeiinoe nianoaaiiiai no?aoaae/aneiai
naiiau?aaeaiey e naiiooaa?aeaeaiey. Iinea Iineianeie e Noaeeia?aaeneie
aeoa Noaeei iinoiyiii no?aieeny “ni/eaieoue” oneeey ?aciuo o?iioia a
iiauo e iiauo no?aoaae/aneeo iia?aoeeyo. Eo?neay, Aaei?onneay,
Ainoi/ii-I?onneay, Aenei-Iaea?neay, Aa?eeineay, Iaiue/aeo?neay iia?aoeee
niioaaonoaiaaee ia oieueei iauaeoeaiiio oiaeo aeae, ii e i?eno?anoeth
Noaeeia ei anaio e?oiiiio, ianooaaiiio, iiaeaaeythua ia?iiiiio. A yoi
auee eiaiii oaeea iia?aoeee.

A iineaaeiea iieoi?a aiaea aieiu Noaeei iao/eeny iaieioi ?acae?aoueny a
iia?aoeaiuo aii?inao. *anoi i?aaeeaaae a oie eee eiie ianooiaoaeueiie
iia?aoeee inouanoaeoue ie?oaeaiea a?aaeaneie a?oiie?iaee. “Iaai?” oi?i
aiaauo aeaenoaee, eioi?ua ii onaiee, ia aue aiaaoui. Ii ii iinoeaae
aiaiiia eneonnoai, ii aeinoieinoao ioeaieaay i?aaeeiaeaiey, eioi?ua
aeaeaeenue eiiaiaeothueie o?iioaie, aiaiiuie /eaiaie Noaaee. Aa?oiaiue
ieoae “neaainoue” e oaeie oi?ia ianooiaoaeueiuo aeaenoaee, eae
ie?oaeaiea e oie/oiaeaiea i?ioeaieea oaea?aie ianeieueeeo o?iioia.

Nai Noaeei ia auaeaeaae no?aoaae/aneea eaeae iia?aoeee, ii a 1943- 1945
aiaeao aue a ninoiyiee ioeaieoue eo ii aeinoieinoao. Aai
“aaieaeueiinoue” ai aoi?ie e o?aoee ia?eiaeu aieiu /aua anaai
au?aaeaeanue a iiieiaiee e iaeia?aiee ?aoeeiiaeueiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee,
auaeaeaaaiuo AEoeiaui, Aaneeaaneei, Aioiiiaui, eiiaiaeothueie o?iioaie.

Iuoeaiea Noaeeia iaaaeiyeinue aai neaaui i?aaenoaaeaieai i o?iioiaie
aeecie, iianaaeiaaiii auoa aiene, aeuoaiee oie ?aneae?iiie eeiee, aaea
nii?eeanaeenue, y?inoii n?aaeaynue, aeaa aeaaioneea aiaiiua iaoeiu.
*oiau ia i?ineuoue eaaeiaoiui iieeiaiaeoeai, Noaeei oa??aei ?aoee, oioy
au aeey enoi?ee, iiauaaoue ia o?iioa. E oaeay iiacaeea, /?acau/aeii
ouaoaeueii aioiaeaoayny, ninoiyeanue. Noaeei iiauaae ia Caiaaeiii e
Eaeeieineii o?iioao a ia/aea aaaonoa 1943 aiaea. Ii iia oaia?ue auoue
oaeiaeaoai??iiui: ieeoi ia niae aeoiaoue (aiai?eoue-oi, anoanoaaiii, ia
niae ieeoi!), /oi iieeiaiaeaoe aeaeae o?iio eeoue n iiiiuueth
eeiio?iieee.

Noaeei aue ai aeaaa ia?iaea e a?iee a aieia. Aai aiey e
oeaeaono?aie?iiinoue eae iieeoe/aneiai e ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeayoaey
nua?aee naith ?ieue a ?aca?iia oaoecia. Anee n/eoaoue, /oi ii, eae
eeaea? oaeie ia?iiiie e iiuiie no?aiu, eiae ?acee/iua a?aie, oi aai
iieeiaiae/aneay a?aiue ia auea neeueiaeoae. Eeoue a 1944-45 aiaeao ii
i?eaeeceeny e iieeiaiae/aneiio o?iaith naieo aiaiiuo iiiiuieeia. Aai a
cia/eoaeueiie ia?a aeeeaoaioneia e iaeiiiaoaioiia ?oeiaiaenoai
au?aaeaeinue i?aaeaea anaai a eaoano?ioe/aneeo iaoa?eaeueiuo e ethaeneeo
iioa?yo. Eo niia auianoe eeoue niaaoneee ia?iae, eioi?ue onoiye ia
aeaaiaea?y, a aii?aee “aaieth” Noaeeia. Nnueee ia aiacaiiinoue,
iaiiaeaioiaeaiiinoue, aa?ieiinoai Aeoea?a, ioeaee aiaia/aeueieeia e
o.ae. ia ii?aaaeuaatho Noaeeia, a eeoue iiae/a?eeaatho aai
no?aoaae/aneoth aeeci?oeinoue e oua?aiinoue. Aa?oiaiue
Aeaaiieiiaiaeothuee, aicaeaaeyy Aii?oaeaiiua Neeu, i?eaae eo e iiaaaea
oeaiie iaaiia?aceiuo iioa?ue.

Iu ciaai, /oi iiaeeeiiue oaeaio, no?aoaae/aneia iuoeaiea iieeiaiaeoea
eae ?ac e oeaiyony ca niiniaiinoue aeinoe/ue naiuo aunieeo oeaeae n
iaeiaiueoeie aea?oaaie. Yoiai oaeaioa Noaeei ia i?iyaee. Ianeieueei
aeanyoeia ieeeeiiia aeeciae i?eoeinue iieiaeeoue niaaoneiio ia?iaeo ia
aeoa?ue Iiaaaeu. Enoi?ee iaecaanoiu aeinaea ianooaau oaeeo iioa?ue. E
anee niiinoaaeoue eo n “iieeiaiae/aneei aaieai” Noaeeia, oi n?aco noaiao
i/aaeaeiie iaoianoiinoue i?eienuaaiey Aa?oiaiiio iniauo caneoa a
Iiaaaea. Yoe caneoae oeaeeeii e iieiinoueth i?eiaaeeaaeao niaaoneiio
ia?iaeo.

“Iieeiaiaeaoe, iaea?aeaaoee a eiioea eiioeia iiaaaeo, a aeacao ethaeae
eae au aiana ia niaa?oae ioeaie”. Yoe neiaa eae iaeuecy eo/oa ioiinyony
e Noaeeio. Aio ieeoi e ieeiaaea ia aiai?ee i aai ioeaeao. Caoi iiiaea. A
eo ieeeeiiu, aiai?eee i aaee/ee iieeiaiaeoea “anao a?ai?i e ia?iaeia”.
Aoaeouee Aaia?aeenneion e nai ia niiiaaaeny a naiae “aaieaeueiinoe”,
aaeaa ee iiaeic?aaay, /oi noae enoi?ee auianao eiia ?aoaiea.

Aeieaee ia?eiae iaaeiaa?ey, iiaeic?eoaeueiinoe iaaeaeo NNN? e caiaaeiuie
aeaiie?aoeyie iaaei auei ia?aoaaiooue. Oi, /oi ia oaeaeinue naeaeaoue
aei aieiu, auei inouanoaeaii n “iiiiuueth” Aeoea?a”. Oth?a?, aaaey aieio
ia aeaa o?iioa, iaaieueii naeaeae NNN? e caiaaeiua no?aiu nithcieeaie.

Noaeei eae oeie/iue i?aaiaoee auno?i ia?anooiee /a?ac eaeaieiae/aneea
i?aaeoaaaeaeaiey e ?aoeoaeueii iioae iaano?a/o caiaaeiui aea?aeaaai. A
nicaeaiee aioeaeoea?ianeie eiaeeoeee Noaeei nua?ae caiaoioth ?ieue. N
naiiai ia/aea aieiu niaaoneee eeaea? no?aieeny ca?o/eoueny iiaeaea?aeeie
eae iiaeii aieueoaai /enea no?ai. Ii, anoanoaaiii, iniaua iaaeaaeaeu ii
aiceaaae ia Aaeeeia?eoaieth e NOA. Naiei nithcieeai Noaeei ia onoaaae
iaiiieiaoue i aoi?ii o?iioa, ii aoi?ie o?iio aue ioe?uo oiaaea, eiaaea
oaea ieeoi ia niiiaaaeny a niiniaiinoe NNN? naiiio, iaeei ia iaeei,
caaa?oeoue ?aca?ii aeoea?ianeie Aa?iaiee.

Ioiioaiey n nithcieeaie aeinoeaee naiaai aiiaay ia ano?a/ao “aieueoie
o?ieee”. Ecaanoii, /oi Oaaa?aineay eiioa?aioeey (28 iiya?y-1 aeaeaa?y
1943 a.), E?uineay (4-11 oaa?aey 1945 a.), Aa?eeineay (17 ethey-2
aaaonoa 1945 a.) auee ieeaie aiaiii-iieeoe/aneiai nio?oaeie/anoaa
ainoaea?noa, noieue ?acee/iuo ai anao ioiioaieyo. Iiaeao auoue, yoe
eiioa?aioeee, eae e naii nio?oaeie/anoai a oeaeii, oaea oiaaea iieacaee
i?ei?eoao iaua/aeiaa/aneeo oeaiiinoae iaae eeanniauie e
eaeaieiae/aneeie.

Noaeei aeaaii oaea, eae o?aioeocneee “ei?ieue-nieioea”, ioiaeaeanoaeye
naay n ainoaea?noaii, iauanoaii, ia?oeae. I?aaenaaeaoaeue Niaaoa
Ia?iaeiuo Eiienna?ia oaea i?eaue e e oiio, /oi aiai?ee io eiaie ia?iaea,
oeacuaae aio iooue a iieiie oaa?aiiinoe, /oi in/anoeeaeeaaao aai. *ai
aaee/anoaaiiaa aea?aeaaa, oai auoa e aa ?oeiaiaeeoaeue. Aieia auaeaeioea
NNN? ia naiua aunieea ?oaaaee a ie?a. E aeey Noaeeia yoi auei aai naiia
aunieia aicauoaiea. N ia?auo iineaaiaiiuo ianyoeaa e?eaay aai noaeueau
noaea auno?i i?eaeeaeaoueny e aiiaath anaie?iie neaau, iiaouanoaa e
nayuaiiiai eoeueoa.

E ieiaeai Iiaaaeu Noaeei ioiinee ia oieueei ?aca?ii oaoecia e
i?aa?auaiea NNN? a iaeii ec naiuo aeeyoaeueiuo ainoaea?noa.
Aaia?aeenneion oaea /oanoaiaae iiaenioaeiua oie/ee a caeaiee
aioeaeoea?ianeie eiaeeoeee, eioi?ua nei?i ?ac?ooao aai aei iniiaaiey. Ii
ii ia iia e i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi an? yoi i?iecieae?o oae no?aieoaeueii.
Oieueei i?iieoeaoaeueiue aeac iia caiaoeoue, /oi ca noieii a
Oeaoeeeeaia?ioa neaeyo nithcieee, eioi?uo iiaeii iacaaoue
“ae?ocuey-a?aae”. Niaaoneee eeaea? iniaaiii yoi ii/oanoaiaae i?e
ianoaeaeaiee aii?ina i ?aia?aoeeyo. Aia?eeaioeu caiyee noi?iio aiaee/ai,
aeiaeaaaoeony e?aeia iaauaiaeiiai aeey NNN? ?aoaiey. Ia iineaaeiai,
o?eiaaeoeaoii canaaeaiee Noaeei aue auioaeaeai i?eiyoue yoe iaauaiaeiua
aeey iaai oneiaey. Ii ?eneiaae iieo/eoue au? iaiiiai iaiueoa. Ii
aaia?aeenneion acye ?aaaio a ?aoaiee “iieueneiai aii?ina”, iniaaiii a
oii, /oi eanaaony a?aieoeu ii Iaea?o e Iaena. Noaeei eae au niauae
Iieueoo ia caiaae, aeaeay eiaoue ia a?aieoeao n Aa?iaieae neeueiia
neaayineia ainoaea?noai.

Aaeeeay Iiaaaea iaae oaoeciii, aeaaiuie oai?oeaie eioi?ie auee ia?iaeu
Niaaoneiai Nithca e ae?oaeo no?ai aioeaeoea?ianeie eiaeeoeee, aeey
niaaoneeo ethaeae eiaea e ai?ueeee ieiae. Iiaaaea au? aieueoa ooaa?aeeea
Noaeeia a naiae iaiia?aoeiinoe e ianneaineie ?iee a ?aoaiee noaeaa
niaaoneiai ia?iaea. Aaeeeay Iiaaaea ieii/aoaeueii i?aa?aoeea Noaeeia a
caiiiai aiaa.

Niaaoneea ethaee ionoiyee naiaiaeo a ai?ueaa n oaoeciii. Ii aei naiaiaeu
io noaeeiecia auei au? no?aoii aeaeaei. Au? ianeieueei aeanyoeeaoee.
A?aaeaeaia Ioa/anoaa, aica?auaynue e naiei ?ac?ooaiiui i/aaai,
iaaeayeenue ia aeaaea ia?aiaiu. Ethaee oioaee aeeoue eo/oa. Aac no?aoa e
iiioeaiee. Iao, Noaeeia ii-i?aaeiaio /oeee, neaaeee, i?aeeiiyeenue,
aiciineee, ii e a oi aea a?aiy aa?eee, /oi ia aoaeao aieueoa ianeeey,
aeanoieeo iinoiyiiuo iaoaaoie naiiai iaiaoiaeeiiai, noaaoeo iaeiie ec
/a?o niaaoneiai ia?aca aeecie.

Noaeeia aea, iaiai?io, Iiaaaea oaaaeeea a iacuaeaiinoe nicaeaiiuo
ainoaea?noaaiiuo e iauanoaaiiuo einoeoooia, aeoaieie aeecianiiniaiinoe
nenoaiu, aa?iinoe aioo?e- e aiaoiaiieeoe/aneiai eo?na. Ii aeae anei?a
iiiyoue, /oi ai aioo?aiiai ieaia a no?aia an? inoaiaony aac eciaiaiee.
Ioaeii ?aaioaoue, ainnoaiaaeeaaoue ?ac?ooaiiia ia?iaeiia oicyenoai ia
iniiaa oao oeacaiee, eioi?ua aeano ii, Noaeei.

Oae Noaeei eniieueciaae ieiaeu Iiaaaeu “aeey aioo?aiiaai iieueciaaiey”;
niciaoaeueii e ?aoeoaeueii eiina?ae?iaae Nenoaio. Ia iiaeeeiiia
nioeeaeueiia oai?/anoai ii aue ia niiniaai. *oiau iiaeaea?aeeaaoue e
iiaeieiaoue naie e aac oiai aani?aaeaeueii aunieee noaoon “aaieaeueiiai
aiaeaey”, ii yieciaee/anee, ii aeinoaoi/ii ?aaoey?ii nieiae, niauae oi
nae?aoa?y iaeiia, oi ieieno?a, oi ia?oaea, oi eiiai aeayoaey, iaaeiyy eo
eeai a aiieeoe/iinoe, eeai a ceioiio?aaeaiee aeanoueth, eeai a
i?aiaa?aaeaiee aunieeie oeacaieyie, eeai a neaaie caaioa i ethaeyo.
Noaeei e oae aue a aeacao ia?iaea “aeia?ui oea??i”, a iiaeiaiua oaae
iiaeieiaee aai aaoi?eoao au? auoa.

Eaeiaa aea oeaia Iiaaaeu? Neieueei iiaeaei ethaeae? Nei?i Noaeeio
aunooiaoue ia i?aaeauai?iii nia?aiee, ioaeii neacaoue ia?iaeo ia yoie
/aeiaa/aneie oeaia Iiaaaeu. Ai a?aiy aieiu Aa?oiaiue ia caaeoiuaaeny i
iae; /aeiaa/aneea ?ano?nu no?aiu eacaeenue aio iaen/a?iaaiuie. 7,5
ieeeeiia /aeiaae. A 1946 aiaeo Noaeei inoaiiaeeny eiaiii ia yoie oeeo?a.
Aio ia oioaeinue aiai?eoue i aieueoae oeaia, aaaeue oiaaea iiooneiaao
aai iieeiaiae/aneee ia?ac. Yoiai aeiionoeoue ii ia iia.

Aeey Noaeeia anaaaea aeaaainoaiaae i?eioeei, eioi?ue ii iaiaeiie?aoii
eceaaae a naieo aee?aeoeaao e i?eeacao: aeinoe/ue oeaee “ia n/eoaynue n
aea?oaaie”. Aeey /aeiaaea, ecaaaeaiiiai io ethauo oi?i e?eoeee,
oeaiiinoue /aeiaa/aneie aeecie ia eiaea ieeaeiai cia/aiey. Yoi oaeaea
iaeia ec aeaaiuo i?e/ei oiai, /oi oeaia iaoae aaeeeie Iiaaaeu iaeiiaa?ii
auniea. Iaanaaaea iiaaaea aoaeao ie?aoaia ai?a/ueth aacia?iuo iioa?ue.
Noaeeia yoio aii?in ieeiaaea ia io/ee. AEa?oaaiiue noaeeineee nioeeaeeci
o?aaiaae e aea?oaaiiuo iiaaae. Yeiiiie/aneea o?oaeiinoe oneeeee
o?oaeiinoe e aeooiaiua. Eiooeoeaiia iaeeaeaiea ia?aiai, iaaeaaeaeu ia
eo/ooth aeeciue aiiaue ioiaeaeaaeenue a iaii?aaeae?iiia aoaeouaa. Noaeei
a naiae i?aaeauai?iie ?a/e i?ecaae iai?yaeaiii o?oaeeoueny e i?iyaeyoue
oa?iaiea. Niaaoneiio ia?iaeo aai auei ia caieiaoue. Yoi oiaea auei
ninoaaiie /anoueth ieaou ca Iiaaaeo.

Naaiaeiy iu ciaai, /oi aeaaiue noae iaae Noaeeiui ia/aeny a oaa?aea 1956
aiaea e eaeao oaea ii/oe /aou?a aeanyoeeaoey. Ii e a aiaeu aaeeiiaeanoey
auee ethaee, eioi?ua oaea oiaaea ioe?uoi auneacuaaee naia iai?eyoea
noaeeineie iieeoeee. A aiaiiuo a?oeaao eiaaony iaiaei aeiianaiee a
iieeooi?aaeaiea ?EEA, naeaeaoaeuenoaothueo i oii, /oi e?iaaaue oa??i?
1937-1938 aiaeia aucaae ia oieueei neaiia iaoaie/aneia iaeia?aiea, ii e
?anoa?yiiinoue, iiaeaaeaiiinoue, a eiiaaea e i?ioano.

Aa?aeeeo enoi?ee auiineo i?aaeaea anaai ia?iae, eioi?ue o?e aeanyoeeaoey
oae ca /aeiaaeii, aeanoiei iii?aaoei aaeeeoth Eaeath. A oiaea
“noaeaaiiai ?acae?aoaeuenoai” an? neeueiaa iaiyaony iieeoe/aneee iaeee
Noaeeia. Ii oaea naaiaeiy ynii, /oi aiai?eoue e ienaoue i Noaeeia – yoi
cia/eo aniio?aoueny, aaeyaeaoueny a yiioo, ia ueoa eioi?ie yoio /aeiaae
inoaaee noieue aeoaieoth e e?iaaaoth aiyoeio.

Iino Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y ia?oee, ia eioi?ue aai auaeaeioe Eaiaiaa
(Eaiei niaeaneeny), i/aiue nei?i eciaiee Noaeeia. A enoi?ee caia/aii,
/oi aeanoue eo/oa anaai “aunaa/eaaao” ethaeae. Iiiaea ii?i/iua
iaeeiiiinoe, ae?aiaaoea a yoii iaeicaiaoiii /aeiaaea, auno?i
i?inioeenue. Noaeei “aunaaoee” naay. E Eaiei oaea iaiaa, /ai /a?ac aiae
iinea iacia/aiey Noaeeia iaia?oaeee, /oi o iaeiiai ec ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
?aaiethoeee – aeoaieea iieeoe/aneea e i?aanoaaiiua ecuyiu. Noaeei
ieeiaaea ia aue i?i?ieii, oioy aa?ee a ooiiee. Ii niio?ae oieueei i?yii
ia?aae niaie, eae /a?ac aia?aco?o aeioa. Iaeia ec oaei aai o?eoioa (eae
e o?aaaaeee ia?iaea) caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ii niia iinoaiaiii
caiaieoue eiai?oo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia a?ieae /eiiaieeia. Iaaa?ii aiai?eoue,
/oi oieueei Noaeei nicaeaaae ath?ie?aoeth. Iie auee ioaeiu ae?oa ae?oao.
Oioaeueiay ath?ie?aoey ia niiaea au i?ioeaaoaoue aue oaeiai eeaea?a,
eaeei aue Noaeei.

Noaeei aac?annoaeii oi?iiy a?aiy (“iu ionoaee io iaai ia noi eao, a
aeieaeiu i?iaaaeaoue ca aeanyoue eao”), aue aioia oie/oiaeaoue ieeeeiiu
ethaeae, /oiau “auiieieoue aein?i/ii” ieai eieeaeoeaecaoeee, n/eoae
anoanoaaiiui iiaa?aiooue a iaauoea ouny/e naieo oiaa?euae-ia?oeeoeaa,
/oiau aeinoeaiooue “a e?ao/aeoea n?iee” iieiiai aaeeiiaeooey. Noaeei
aa?ee a aaniethou, a naith niiniaiinoue “in/anoeeaeoue” ieeeeiiu
aoaeoueo nia?aaeaeai ioo?i aan/eneaiiuo i?anooieaiee. Aai iieeoeea
“oai?aiey aoaeouaai” eaeeie au aeaaeie iaia?aieyie iia ie
eaiooee?iaaeanue, aeoaiei oua?aia. Aeey aa ?aaeecaoeee Noaeei n/eoae
aeiionoeiui ?anii?yaeaoueny aoaeouei ieeeeiiia naieo nia?aaeaeai. E
nae/an anoue ethaee, eioi?ua i?iaeieaeatho aiai?eoue: “Iu oee a aie ni
neiaaie: “Ca ?iaeeio! Ca Noaeeia!”” ?acaa iiaeii io?eoeaoue, /oi ethaee
aai ethaeee. Iao, io?eoeaoue iaeuecy. Ethaee aeaenoaeoaeueii aai
ethaeee, ii ii ia ethaee eo! Ii eiaa?ii iaiaioe ieeeeiiu, ioiaeaeanoaea
naay n nioeeaeeciii. Aa?a a nioeeaeeci auea aaoiiaoe/anee ia?aianaia e
ia iaai. Yoi naiue ia?aaeienaeueiue neo/ae “caoiaiey” oeaeiai ia?iaea.
Oi/iaa, ooii/?iiiai eniieueciaaiey eieinnaeueiie oyae ieeeeiiia ethaeae
e nioeeaeueiie ni?aaaaeeeainoe, n/anoueth, i?ioeaaoaieth, a naiuo
oeeie/iuo oeaeyo. Ianniaue yiooceaci, aa?ieci, iiaeaeaeie/anoai neoaeeee
Noaeeio aeey nicaeaiey Nenoaiu, ioeueo oi?aaeaiey eioi?ie aue oieueei a
aai ?oeao. Aaeeiiaea?aeaoe i?aa?aoee ainoaea?noai a “noaeeineoth
aea?aeaao”, a eioi?ie “enoi?e/aneia cia/aiea” eiaee eeoue aai eaeae,
oeacaiey e aiey.

Naiay aunieay iieeoeea aia nithca n i?aanoaaiiinoueth – ae?aaioeaiiinoue
oaeueoeaay. Noaeei, aoaeo/e aeanoieei iieeoeeii, iaiieiee ath an? nai?
nouanoaiaaiea, aaniethoii ia inoaaea ianoa aeaaea aeey yeaiaioa?iuo
i?aanoaaiiuo oeaiiinoae. Iiyoiio /aeiaae aeey aeeeoaoi?a aue n?aaenoaii,
noaoe/aneie aaeeieoeae, iaeiei ec iaiauyoiie aii?oiie iannu. I?anooiiia
i?aiaa?aaeaiea ii?aeueth aeanoiei ioiinoeei “o?eoioaoi?o”? aai
enoi?e/aneia ii?aaeaiea auei i?aae?aoaii e noaei iaecaaaeiui. Yoi iaeei
ec ioieoia enoi?e/aneiai aa?aeeeoa.

O?eoio Noaeeia e o?aaaaeey ia?iaea y?ei aunaaoeee noa?oth enoeio, /oi
ia?aie aea?oaie iani?aaaaeeeainoe anaaaea auaaao i?aaaea, enoeia.
Noaeei, e yoi, aiciiaeii, aai naiia no?aoiia i?anooieaiea, niia
aeaoi?ie?iaaoue iiiaea aaeeeea eaeae e iiaeiaieoue eo naieie ieoaie.
Enoieeiaaa ii-naiaio eaieieci, aeeeoaoi? niaa?oee i?anooieaiea i?ioea
iunee. Anae naiae aeeciueth e aeayieyie Noaeei aeieacae, /oi eiaeue –
yoi oieaa?naeueiia cei. Ana aaaeu ia/eiathony ni eaee. Ianeeea,
aaeeiiaeanoea, ath?ie?aoey, aeiaiaoeci, oeaca?eci – an? inaauaeinue
eiaeueth. Ethaie nithc n iae anaaaea a?iceo aaaeie. Yoi ae?oaie ioieo
aa?aeeeoa.

Ai anao i?anooieaieyo Noaeeia o/anoaiaaee ethaee, eoi iiiuoaeny
eniieueciaaoue naie oain niaanoe. O i/aiue iiiaeo a oie nenoaio
ioiioaiee, eioi?ay auea nicaeaia, niaanoue “canouea”. A ?acoeueoaoa
aaeeeee ia?iae iicaieee caaiaoue niaanoue a ?aca?aaoeeth, aeaa
aiciiaeiinoue Aaeeeiio Eieaeceoi?o aeieaea aiaeu oai?eoue nai? /??iia
aeaei. Oi, /oi iu ia eeoeeenue anaai, nio?aieee aa?o a aunieea eaeaaeu,
ieacaeenue niiniaiuie ia iieayiea, aic?iaeaeaiea e iaiiaeaiea, ia a
iineaaeithth i/a?aaeue caaeneo io oiai, /oi iu inaiaiaeeee naith
niaanoue io ioo iinouaeiie ianaiaiaeu. Oain niaanoe nouanoaoao anaaaea.
Aeaaea eiaaea o?eoio iaeiiai /aeiaaea iai?a/eaaaony o?aaaaeeae
ieeeeiiia!

ENIIEUeCOAIAss EEOA?AOO?A

1. Neiiiia E.I. “Aeacaie /aeiaaea iiaai iieieaiey. ?aciuoeaiey i E.A.
Noaeeia”. I. 1988 (no?. 37,49,60)

2. “Aoi?ay ie?iaay aieia. E?aoeay enoi?ey”. I. 1984 (no?. 351-354)

3. AEeeei I.A. “I aieia e aiaiiie enoi?ee”. I. 1984 (no?. 90-93)

4. “NNN? i?ioea oaoenoeie aa?annee 1933-1945” (no?. 82-83)

5. Aieeiaiiia Ae.A. “Iieeoe/aneee ii?o?ao E.A. Noaeeia. O?eoio e
o?aaaaeey” I. 1989 (no?. 17,42,104)

6. Aioiiia A.A. “Eaa?aioee Aa?ey. Aiaeaee-Ceiaeae-Aaiee”. E?aniiaea?
1993 (no?. 17,22-23,191,200)

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