.

Ледовое побоище

Язык: русский
Формат: реферат
Тип документа: Word Doc
71 598
Скачать документ

Eaaeiaia iiaieua

A ia?aie iieiaeia OIII noieaoey ia naaa?i-caiaaea ?one, ineaaeaiiie
iiiaiei-oaoa?neei iaoanoaeai aieueooth iianiinoue i?aaenoaaeyea aa?anney
iaiaoeeeo ?uoea?ae Eeaiineiai i?aeaia. Iie caeeth/eee nithc ni
oaaaeneeie e aeaoneeie ?uoea?yie i niaianoiii iaiaaeaiee ia ?onue. A
Iiaai?iaea n 1236 aiaea i?aaee eiycue Aeaenaiae? ss?ineaae/. A 1240
aiaeo, eiaaea ia/aeanue aa?anney oaaaeneeo oaiaeaeia i?ioea Iiaai?iaea
aio ia auei aua e 20 eao. Ii o/anoaiaae a iioiaeao naiaai iooea, aue
oi?ioi ia/eoai e eiae i?aaenoaaeaiea i aieia e aiaiiii eneonnoaa. Ii
aieueoiai nianoaaiiiai iiuoa o iaai aua ia auei. Oai ia iaiaa 21 (15
ethey) 1240 aiaea neeaie naiae iaaieueoie ae?oaeeiu e eaaeiaeneiai
iiie/aiey ii aiacaiiie e no?aieoaeueiie aoaeie ?acaee oaaaeneia aienei,
aunaaeeaoaany a onouea ?aee Eaei?u (i?e aiaaeaiee aa a Iaao). Ca iiaaaeo
a Iaaneie aeoaa, a eioi?ie iieiaeie eiycue iieacae naay eneoniui
aiaia/aeueieeii, i?iyaee ee/ioth aeiaeanoue e aa?ienoai, ii aue i?icaai
“Iaaneei”. Ii anei?a ec-ca eiciae iiaai?iaeneie ciaoe eiycue Aeaenaiae?
iieeioe Iiaai?iae e ooae ia eiyaeaiea a Ia?ayneaaeue-Caeanneee. ?aca?ii
oaaaeia ia Iaaa ia ono?aiee aei eiioea iaaenoae iaae ?onueth iianiinoe.
Oaea a ia/aea inaie 1240 aiaea eeaiineea ?uoea?e aoi?aeenue a i?aaeaeu
iiaai?iaeneeo aeaaeaiee, caiyee ai?iae Ecai?ne. Anei?a aai noaeueao
?acaeaeee e Ineia. Oie aea inaiueth 1240 aiaea eeaiioeu iaeaaeaee
thaeiuie iiaenooiaie e Iiaai?iaeo, aoi?aeenue a caiee, i?eeaaathuea e
Oeineiio caeeao e nicaeaee caeanue e?aiinoue Eiii?uea, aaea inoaaeee
naie aa?iecii. Yoi aue aaaeiue ieaoeaea?i, iicaieyaoee eiio?iee?iaaoue
iiaai?iaeneea oi?aiaua iooe ii Iaaa, ieaie?iaaoue aeaeueiaeoaa
i?iaeaeaeaiea ia Ainoie. Iinea yoiai eeaiineea aa?anni?u aoi?aeenue a
naiue oeaio? iiaai?iaeneeo aeaaeaiee, caoaaoeee iiaai?iaeneee i?eai?iae
Oaniai. A naieo iaaaaao iie iiaeoiaeeee e Iiaai?iaeo ia 30 eeeiiao?ia.
I?aiaa?aaay aueuie iaeaeaie ii i?inueaa iiaai?iaeoeaa Aeaenaiae? Iaaneee
a eiioea 1240 aiaea aa?ioeny a Iiaai?iae e i?iaeieaeee ai?ueao n
caoaao/eeaie. A neaaeothuai aiaeo ii ioaee o ?uoea?ae Eiii?uea e Ineia,
aa?ioa iiaai?iaeoeai aieueooth /anoue eo caiaaeiuo aeaaeaiee. Ii a?aa
aua aue neeai e ?aoathuaa n?aaeaiea auei aia?aaee. Aaniie 1242 aiaea ec
Aea?ioa (TH?ueaa) auea auneaia ?acaaaeea eeaiineiai i?aeaia n oeaeueth
i?iuoiaoue neeo ?onneeo aiene. I?eia?ii a 18 eeeiiao?ao thaeiaa Aea?ioa
i?aeaineiio ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiiio io?yaeo oaeaeinue ?acaeoue ?onneee
“?acaii” iiae ia/aeii Aeiiaoa Oaa?aeeneaae/a e Ea?aaaoa. Yoi aue
?acaaaeio?yae, aeaeaaaoeeny aia?aaee aienea Aeaenaiae?a ss?ineaae/a a
iai?aaeaiee ia Aea?io. Ooeaeaaoay /anoue io?yaea aa?ioeanue e eiycth e
aeiianea aio i i?ienoaaeoai. Iiaaaea iaae iaaieueoei io?yaeii ?onneeo
ie?ueeea i?aeaineia eiiaiaeiaaiea. O iaai aicieeea neeiiiinoue e
iaaeiioeaiea ?onneeo nee, ?iaeeeinue oaaaeaeaiea a aiciiaeiinoe eo
eaaeiai ?aca?iia. Eeaiioeu i?eiyee ?aoaiea aeaoue ?onneei n?aaeaiea e
aeey yoiai aunooieee ec Aea?ioa ia tha ni naieie iniiaiuie neeaie, a
oaeaea eo nithcieeaie ai aeaaa n naiei iaaeno?ii i?aeaia. Aeaaiay /anoue
aiene ninoiyea ec caeiaaiiuo a a?iith ?uoea?ae. Aeoaa ia *oaeneii ica?a,
aioaaeoay a enoi?eth iiae iacaaieai “Eaaeiaia iiaieua”, ia/aeanue oo?ii
5 ai?aey 1242 aiaea. Ia ainoiaea nieioea, caiaoea iaaieueoie io?yae
?onneeo no?aeeia, ?uoea?neay “naeiuey” ono?aieeanue ia iaai. No?aeee
i?eiyee ia naay iniiaiie oaea? “aeaeaciiai iieea” e ioaeanoaaiiui
nii?ioeaeaieai caiaoii ?anno?ieee aai i?iaeaeaeaiea. Ana-oaee ?uoea?yi
oaeaeinue i?i?aaoue iai?iieoaeueiua ii?yaeee ?onneiai “/aea”.
Caaycaeanue iaeanoi/aiiay ?oeiiaoiay noaaoea. E a naiue aa ?acaa?,
eiaaea “naeiuey” iieiinoueth aoyioeanue a aie, ii neaiaeo Aeaenaiae?a
Iaaneiai ii aa oeaiaai ai anth iiuue oaea?eee iieee eaaie e i?aaie ?oee.
Ia iaeeaeaaoea iiyaeaiey oaeiai iiaee?aieaiey ?onneeo, ?uoea?e i?eoee a
caiaoaoaeuenoai e iiae eo iiuiuie oaea?aie noaee iiiaiiiao ionooiaoue. A
anei?a yoi ionooieaiea i?eiyei oa?aeoa? aanii?yaei/iiai aaanoaa. Ooo
aiacaiii ec-ca oe?uoey a aie eeioeny eiiiue canaaeiue iiee. Eeaiineea
aienea iioa?iaee nie?ooeoaeueiia ii?aaeaiea. ?onneea aiaee eo ii eueaeo
aua 7 aa?no aei caiaaeiiai aa?aaa *oaeneiai ica?a. Auei oie/oiaeaii 400
?uoea?ae e acyoi a ieai50. *anoueeeaiioeaaiioiioea a ica?a. Au?aaaoeony
ec ie?oaeaiey i?aneaaeiaaea ?onneay eiiieoea, caaa?oea eo ?aca?ii.
Nianoenue oaeaeinue eeoue oai, eoi iaoiaeeeny a oainoa “naeiuee” e aue
ia eiia: iaaeno?o i?aeaia, eiiaiaei?ai e aieneiiai. Cia/aiea iiaaaeu
?onneeo aiene iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii eiycy Aeaenaiae?a Iaaneiai iaae
iaiaoeeeie “inaie-?uoea?yie” auei iienoeia enoi?e/aneei. I?aeai cai?inee
ie?a. Ie? aue caeeth/ai ia oneiaeyo, i?iaeeeoiaaiiuo ?onneeie.
I?aeaineea iineu oi?aeanoaaiii io?aeeenue io anao iinyaaoaeuenoa ia
?onneea caiee, eioi?ua auee a?aiaiii caoaa/aiu i?aeaiii. Aeaeaeaiea ia
?onue caiaaeiuo caoaao/eeia auei inoaiiaeaii. Caiaaeiua ?oaaaee ?one,
onoaiiaeaiiua iinea Eaaeiaiai iiaieua, i?iaea?aeaeenue oeaeua noieaoey.
Eaaeiaia iiaieua aioei a enoi?eth e eae caia/aoaeueiue ia?acaoe aiaiiie
oaeoeee e no?aoaaee. Oiaeia iino?iaiea aiaaiai ii?yaeea, /aoeay
i?aaiecaoeey acaeiiaeaenoaey ioaeaeueiuo aai /anoae, iniaaiii iaoiou e
eiiieoeu, iinoiyiiay ?acaaaeea e o/ao neaauo noi?ii i?ioeaieea i?e
i?aaiecaoeee n?aaeaiey, i?aaeeueiue auai? ianoa e a?aiaie, oi?ioay
i?aaiecaoeey oaeoe/aneiai i?aneaaeiaaiey, oie/oiaeaiea aieueoae /anoe
i?aainoiaeyuaai i?ioeaieea – ana yoi ii?aaeaeeei ?onneia aiaiiia
eneonnoai eae ia?aaeiaia a ie?a.

AEOAA IA *OAeNEII ICA?A

“Eaaeiaia iiaieua”

A ia?aie o?aoe XIII aaea iaae ?onueth iaaenea a?iciay iianiinoue n
Caiaaea, ni noi?iiu eaoiee/aneeo aeooiaii-?uoea?neeo i?aeaiia. Iinea
iniiaaiey a onouea Aeaeiu e?aiinoe ?eaa (1198) ia/aeenue /anoua
noieeiiaaiey iaaeaeo iaioeaie n iaeiie noi?iiu, ineiae/aie e
iiaai?iaeoeaie — n ae?oaie. A 1237 aiaeo ?uoea?e-iiiaoe aeaoo i?aeaiia.
Oaaoiineiai e Ia/aiinoeaa, nicaeaee aaeeiue Eeaiineee i?aeai e ia/aee
inouanoaeyoue oe?ieoth ianeeuenoaaiioth eieiiecaoeeth e o?enoeaiecaoeeth
i?eaaeoeeneeo ieaiai. ?onneea iiiiaaee i?eaaeoai-ycu/ieeai, eioi?ua auee
aeaiieeaie Aaeeeiai Iiaai?iaea e ia aeaeaee i?eieiaoue e?auaiey io
iaioeaa-eaoieeeia. Iinea ?yaea iaeeeo nou/ae aeaei aeioei aei aieiu.
Iaia A?eai?ee IX aeaaineiaee a 1237 aiaeo iaiaoeeeo ?uoea?ae ia
caaiaaaiea ei?aiiuo ?onneeo caiaeue. Eaoii 1240 aiaea a Iiaai?iaeneoth
caieth aoi?aeenue iaiaoeeea e?anoiiinoeu, nia?aiiua ec anao e?aiinoae
Eeaiiee. Aienei caoaao/eeia ninoiyei ec iaioeaa, iaaeaaaeai, th?ueaaoeaa
e aeaoneeo ?uoea?ae ec ?aaaey. N ieie aue i?aaeaoaeue — eiycue ss?ineaa
Aeaaeeie?iae/. Iie iiyaeeenue iiae noaiaie Ecai?nea e acyee ai?iae
ooo?iii. Ia au?o/eo caieyeai a?ineeenue ineiae/e, ii eo iiie/aiea
iioa?iaei ii?aaeaiea. Iaeieo oaeouo auei nauoa 800 /aeiaae, a oii /enea
aiaaiaea Aaa?eea Ai?eneaae/. Ii neaaeai aaaeaoeia iaioeu iiaeioee e
Ineiao, ia?aoee ?. Aaeeeay, ?acaeee naie noai iiae naiuie noaiaie
e?aiey, caaeaee iinaae e noaee oie/oiaeaoue oea?eae e ie?anoiua naea.
Oeaeoth iaaeaeth iie aea?aeaee e?aieue a inaaea, aioiaynue e ooo?io. Ii
aei yoiai aeaei ia aeioei: ineiaeoyiei Oaa?aeeei Eaaiiae/ naeae ai?iae.
?uoea?e acyee caeiaeieeia e inoaaeee a Ineiaa naie aa?iecii. Aiiaoeo
iaioeaa aic?anoae. Iie oaea aiai?eee: “Oei?ei neiaaineee ycue. . .
naaa”, oi anoue iiae/eiei naaa ?onneee ia?iae. Ceiie 1240—1241 aiaea
?uoea?e aiiaue yaeeenue iai?ioaiuie ainoyie a Iiaai?iaeneoth caieth. Ia
yoio ?ac iie caoaaoeee oa??eoi?eth ieaiaie aiaeue, e ainoieo io ?.
Ia?iaa, “iiaiaaaoa ana e aeaiue ia ieo aiceiaeeoa”. Caoaaoea
“Aiaeueneoth iyoeio”, ?uoea?e iaeaaeaee Oaniaui (ia ?. I?aaeaae), e eo
?acuacaeu iiyaeyeenue a 35 ei io Iiaai?iaea. Oaeei ia?acii, a ?oeao
iaioeaa ieacaeanue iaoe?iay oa??eoi?ey a ?aeiia Ecai?ne — Ineia —
Naaaeue — Oania — Eiii?uea. Iaioeu oaea ca?aiaa n/eoaee iia?aie/iua
?onneea caiee naiei aeinoiyieai; iaia “ia?aaeae” iiaa?aaeuea Iaau e
Ea?aeeth iiae th?enaeeeoeeth ycaeueneiio aieneiio, eioi?ue caeeth/ee n
?uoea?yie aeiaiai?: naaa auaiai?ee aeanyooth /anoue anaai, /oi aeaao
caiey, a ana i?i/aa — ?uaiua eiaee, iieinu, iaoie — i?aaeinoaaee
?uoea?yi. Oiaaea iiaai?iaeoeu aniiiieee i?i eiycy Aeaenaiae?a. Nai
aeaaeuea iiaai?iaeneee iiaoae i?ineoue aaeeeiai eiycy Aeaaeeie?neiai
ss?ineaaa Anaaieiaeiae/a, /oiau oio ioionoee nuia, e ss?ineaa, niciaaay
anth iianiinoue enoiaeeaoae n Caiaaea oa?icu, niaeaneeny: aeaei
eanaeinue ia iaeiiai Iiaai?iaea, a anae ?one. Aeaenaiae? i?aaieciaae
aienei ec iiaai?iaeoeaa, eaaeiaeai, ea?ae e eaei?oeaa. I?aaeaea anaai
iaiaoiaeeii auei ?aoeoue aii?in i niiniaa aeaenoaee. A ?oeao a?aaa
iaoiaeeeenue Ineia e Eiii?uea. Aeaenaiae? iiieiae, /oi iaeiia?aiaiiia
aunooieaiea a aeaoo iai?aaeaieyo ?aniueeo neeu. Iiyoiio, ii?aaeaeea
eiii?neia iai?aaeaiea eae i?ei?eoaoiia, — a?aa iiaeoiaeee e Iiaai?iaeo,
— eiycue ?aoee iaianoe ia?aue oaea? ia Eiii?uea, a caoai oaea
inaiaiaeeoue io caoaao/eeia Ineia. A 1241 aiaeo aienei iiae
eiiaiaeiaaieai Aeaenaiae?a aunooieei a iioiae, aeinoeaei Eiii?uey,
iaeaaeaei e?aiinoueth “e ecaa?aea a?aae ec iniiaaiea, a naieo iaiaoe
ecae, a eiuo n niaith i?eaiaea a Iiaai?iae, a eiuo iiaeaeiaa ioionoe, aa
ai ieeinoea ia/a ia?u, a aiaeai e /thaeoeaa ia?aaaoieeia (oi anoue
eciaiieeia) ecaaoa (iiaanee)”. Aiaeueneay iyoeia auea i/euaia io
iaioeaa. I?aaue oeaia e oue iiaai?iaeneiai aienea auee oaia?ue a
aaciianiinoe. A ia?oa 1242 aiaea iiaai?iaeoeu aiiaue aunooieee a iioiae
e anei?a oaea auee iiae Ineiaii. Aeaenaiae?, n/eoay, /oi aeey aoaee
neeueiie e?aiinoe o iaai nee iaaeinoaoi/ii, iaeeaeae naiaai a?aoa
Aiae?ay ss?ineaae/a n nocaeaeueneeie (“iecianeeie”) ae?oaeeiaie, eioi?ua
anei?a e iiaeioee. I?aeai ia oniae i?eneaoue iiaee?aieaiea naiei
?uoea?yi. Ineia aue ie?oaeai, e ?uoea?neee aa?iecii acyo a ieai.
I?aeaineeo iaianoieeia Aeaenaiae? ioi?aaee a ieiaao a Iiaai?iae. A aith
auei oaeoi 70 ciaoiuo i?aeaineeo a?aoueaa e iiiai ?yaeiauo ?uoea?ae.
Iinea yoiai ii?aaeaiey I?aeai noae nin?aaeioi/eaaoue naie neeu a
i?aaeaeao Aea?ioneiai aieneiinoaa, iiaeaioaaeeaay ianooieaiea i?ioea
?onneeo. I?aeai nia?ae aieueooth neeo: caeanue auee ii/oe ana aai
?uoea?e n “iaenoa?ii” (iaaeno?ii) ai aeaaa, “n anaie aeneoiu
(aieneiiaie) naieie, e n anai iiiaeanoaii ycuea eo, e aeanoe eo, /oi ie
anoue ia nae no?aia, e n iiii/ueth ei?ieaaith”, oi anoue caeanue auee
iaiaoeeea ?uoea?e, ianoiia ianaeaiea e aienei oaaaeneiai ei?iey.
Aeaenaiae? ?aoee ia?aianoe aieio ia oa??eoi?eth naiiai I?aeaia. “E
iieaea, — niiauaao eaoiienaoe, — ia caieth iaiaoeeoth, oioy inoe-oe
e?iaue o?enoeaineoth”. ?onneay ?aoue aunooieea ia Ecai?ne. Aeaenaiae?
auneae aia?aae ianeieueei ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiuo io?yaeia. Iaeei ec ieo,
iiae eiiaiaeie a?aoa iinaaeieea Aeiiaoa Oaa?aeeneaae/a e Ea?aaoa (iaeei
ec “iecianeeo” aiaaiae), iaoieeioeny ia iaiaoeeeo ?uoea?ae e /oaeue
(ynoia), aue ?acaeo e ionooiee; i?e yoii Aeiiao iiaea. Oai a?aiaiai
?acaaaeea auynieea, /oi i?ioeaiee iineae ia Ecai?ne iacia/eoaeueiua
neeu, a aeaaiua aai neeu aeaeaathony e *oaeneiio ica?o. Iiaai?iaeneia
aienei iiaa?ioei ia ica?i, “iaioeu aea e /oaeue iieaeioa ii ieo”.
Iiaai?iaeoeu iinoa?aeenue io?aceoue iaoiaeiue iaiaa? iaiaoeeeo ?uoea?ae.
Aueaey ia *oaeneia ica?i, iiaai?iaeneia aienei ieacaeinue a oeaio?a
aiciiaeiuo iooae aeaeaeaiey i?ioeaieea ia Iiaai?iae. Oaia?ue Aeaenaiae?
?aoee aeaoue aie e inoaiiaeeny ia *oaeneii ica?a naaa?iaa o?i/eua
Ociaiue, o ino?iaa Ai?iiee Eaiaiue. “Aiy aaeeeiai eiycy Aeaenaiae?a
eniieieoany aeooa ?aoia, ayoo ai na?aeoea eo aee eueaii”, iie aioiau
auee”iieiaeeoe aeaau naiy”. Neeu iiaai?iaeoeaa auee iaiiiaei aieueoa
?uoea?neiai aienea. “Ii eiathueiny ?acee/iui aeaiiui eaoiiene iiaeii
iieaaaoue, /oi aienei iaiaoeeeo ?uoea?ae ninoaaeyei 10—12 ouny/, a
iiaai?iaeneia aienei —15—17 ouny/ /aeiaae”. (?acei AA. Oeac. ni/. N.
160.) Ii iiaieth E. I. Aoieeaaa, eiee/anoai ?uoea?ae auei iaaieueoei —
anaai ianeieueei aeanyoeia; eo iiaeaea?aeeaaee iaoea iaaiieee,
aii?oaeaiiua eiiueyie, e nithcieee I?aeaia — eeau. (Aoieeaa E. I. Io
?one e ?innee. I. , 1992. N. 125.)Ia ?annaaoa 5 ai?aey 1242 aiaea
?uoea?e iino?ieeenue “eeeiii”, eee “naeiueae”. A eieue/oaao e oeaiao, n
aeeeiiuie ia/aie, iie eacaeenue iaoycaeiu. Aeaenaiae? auno?iee
iiaai?iaeneia aienei, i aiaaii ii?yaeea eioi?iai iao aeaiiuo. Iiaeii
iieaaaoue, /oi yoi aue “iie/iue ?yae” ni noi?iaeaaui iieeii aia?aaee.
Noaey ii eaoiieniui ieieaoth?ai, aiaaie ii?yaeie aue ia?auai oueii e
ia?uaenoiio e?ooiio ainoi/iiio aa?aao ica?a, a eo/oay ae?oaeeia
Aeaenaiae?a oe?ueanue a canaaea ca iaeiei ec oeaiaia. Eca?aiiay iiceoeey
auea auaiaeia oai, /oi iaioeu, ianooiaaoea ii ioe?uoiio eueaeo, auee
eeoaiu aiciiaeiinoe ii?aaeaeeoue ?aniieiaeaiea, /eneaiiinoue e ninoaa
?onneie ?aoe. Aunoaaea aeeeiiua eiiuey, iaioeu aoaeiaaee oeaio? (“/aei”)
aiaaiai ii?yaeea ?onneeo. “Aio ciaiaia a?aoueaa i?iieeee a ?yaeu
no?aeeia (noi?iaeaaiai iieea. — Aao.), auei neuoii, eae caaiyo ia/e, e
auei aeaeii, eae ?oaeeenue oeaiu, n iaaeo noi?ii iaaeaee ia?oaua”. I
i?i?uaa a?aaii iiaai?iaeneeo iieeia ieoao ?onneee eaoiienaoe: “Iaioeu
aea e /thaeue i?iaeoany naeiueath neaica iieeu”. Iaeiaei, iaoeioaoenue
ia ia?uaenoue aa?aa ica?a, iaeiiiaeaeaeiua, caeiaaiiua a eaou ?uoea?e ia
iiaee ?acaeoue naie oniao. Iaiai?io, ?uoea?neay eiiieoea neo/eeanue, oae
eae caaeiea oa?aiae ?uoea?ae iiaeoaeeeaaee ia?aaeiea oa?aiae, eioi?ui
iaaaea auei ?acaa?iooueny aeey aiy. Oeaiae ?onneiai aiaaiai ii?yaeea
(“e?ueuey”) ia iicaieeee iaioeai ?acaeoue oniao iia?aoeee. Iaiaoeeee
“eeei” ieacaeny caaeaoui a eeaue. A yoi a?aiy ae?oaeeia Aeaenaiae?a
iaianea oaea? n ouea e caaa?oeea ie?oaeaiea i?ioeaieea. “Aienei a?aoueaa
auei ie?oaeaii”. Aieiu, eioi?ua eiaee niaoeeaeueiua eiiuey n e?th/eaie,
noaneeaaee ?uoea?ae n eiiae; aieiu, aii?oaeaiiua iiaeaie
“canaiiaeieeaie”, auaiaeeee ec no?iy eioaaeae, iinea /aai ?uoea?e
noaiiaeeenue eaaeie aeiau/ae. “E aunoue oo na/a cea e aaeeea iaioeai e
/thaee, e aa o?one io eiiee eiieaiea, e caoe io ia/iaai na/aiea, yeiaea
ica?o iiia?coo aeaeaiooenue, e ia aaaeaeaoe eaaeo, iie?u ai ny e?iaeth”.
Eaae iiae oyaeanoueth naeouo a eo/o oyaeaeiaii?oaeaiiuo ?uoea?ae noae
o?auaoue. Iaeioi?ui ?uoea?yi oaeaeinue i?i?aaoue eieueoei ie?oaeaiey, e
iie iuoaeenue nianoenue aaanoaii, ii iiiaea ec ieo ooiioee. Iiaai?iaeoeu
i?aneaaeiaaee inoaoee aaaeaaoaai a aanii?yaeea ?uoea?neiai aienea ii
eueaeo *oaeneiai ica?a aieioue aei i?ioeaiiieiaeiiai aa?aaa, naiue
aa?no. I?aneaaeiaaiea inoaoeia ?acaeoiai a?aaa aia iiey aiy auei iiaui
yaeaieai a ?acaeoee ?onneiai aiaiiiai eneonnoaa. Iiaai?iaeoeu ia
i?acaeiiaaee iiaaaeo “ia einoao”, eae auei i?eiyoi ?aiueoa. Iaiaoeeea
?uoea?e iioa?iaee iieiia ii?aaeaiea. A aith auei oaeoi aieaa 500
?uoea?ae e “aan/eneaiiia iiiaeanoai” i?i/aai aienea, acyoi a ieai 50
“ia?i/eouo aiaaiae”, oi anoue ciaoiuo ?uoea?ae. Ana iie iaoeii
neaaeiaaee ca eiiyie iiaaaeeoaeae aei Ineiaa. Eaoii 1242 aiaea
“i?aeaineea a?aouey” i?eneaee a Iiaai?iae iineia n iieeiiii: “aniy caoee
ia/ai Ineia, Aiaeue, Eoao, Eaouaieo, e iu ny oiai anaai ionooiaai, a /oi
aniy ecieiaee a iieii ethaeae aaoeo (ieaiiuo), a oaie ny ?iciaiei, iu
aaoeo ionoei, a au iaoeo ionoeoa, e ineianee iieii ionoei”. Iiaai?iaeoeu
niaeaneeenue n yoeie oneiaeyie, e ie? aue caeeth/ai. “Eaaeiaia iiaieua”
noaei ia?aui neo/aai a enoi?ee aiaiiiai eneonnoaa, eiaaea oyaeaeay
?uoea?neay eiiieoea auea ?acaeoa a iieaaii aith aieneii, ninoiyaoei a
aieueoae /anoe ec iaoiou. ?onneee aiaaie ii?yaeie (“iie/iue ?yae” i?e
iaee/ee ?aca?aa) ieacaeny aeaeei, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai oaeaeinue
inouanoaeoue ie?oaeaiea i?ioeaieea, aiaaie ii?yaeie eioi?iai
i?aaenoaaeye niaie iaeiiiaeaeaeioth ianno; iaoioa oniaoii
acaeiiaeaenoaiaaea ni naiae eiiieoeae. Iiaaaea iaae aieneii iaiaoeeeo
oaiaeaeia eiaea aieueoia iieeoe/aneia e aiaiii-no?aoaae/aneia cia/aiea,
ion?i/ea eo ianooieaiea ia Ainoie — Drang nach Osten, — eioi?ia auei
eaeoiioeaii iaiaoeeie iieeoeee n 1201 ii 1241 aiae. Naaa?i-caiaaeiay
a?aieoea Iiaai?iaeneie caiee auea iaaeaaeii iaania/aia eae ?ac e oiio
a?aiaie, eiaaea iiiaieu aica?auaeenue ec iioiaea a Oeaio?aeueioth
Aa?iio. A aeaeueiaeoai aea, eiaaea Aaoue aa?ioeny a Ainoi/ioth Aa?iio,
Aeaenaiae? i?iyaee iaiaoiaeeioth aeaeinoue e aeiaiai?eeny n’ iei ia
onoaiiaeaiee ie?iuo ioiioaiee, ono?aiea anyeee iiaiae aeey iiauo
aoi?aeaiee.

Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter

Похожие документы
Обсуждение

Ответить

Курсовые, Дипломы, Рефераты на заказ в кратчайшие сроки
Заказать реферат!
UkrReferat.com. Всі права захищені. 2000-2020