?a??o
«NOA a 1945 – 1991 ??o»
O???e?? a A???? A??a ?????? ???????? ???a ???e? ???u ? ??? ??????
??????a. A ??a 1946 ?? ???ay a ??? O???, ?? I???, *???ue ??????e, ?i
N???? Nithc ???a a ??? A??u «???? ????, ????a ????th ? ??ue ? ??i ?????
??. O?? ? ???? ??????i ????aa a I??a
Ae??ae E??i ????e ???? «?????y» ????? ??????. *?? ?ae, ????? ? ???ey
????th??y y????e N????i Nith?, A?? O?iyi ?uy?y? I??a «???oth ???. I??
??, ?e N??i ???? ????y ???? ???i Ca??? A??i, ????? e ?? ?a ???u ? ??a, a
1949 ?? ?? ???a I????ey N?????????i ???? (IAOI) 12 ?????, ??th e??? ??a
??? n ???????? ?????.
N??? Ae??o I???e ???i ????e, ?i ????a ????? e O?iy? ?? «??y ?ny???y?
???????. A ???a 1950 ?? ? ?y?e, ?i a ?i ???y??e ???y ??? ???eo A???????i
?????? (??????i IEAea), ???a ???otho a ??? NNN?, ?oy ?e ?? ??? ?y?? e
N????o Nith?. A ???e????e ????o ??????? ????y e ???eyi ????e ?c??e ?
????? NOA, ??? ???ey ? ??????th ???????? ?y????e, ???th ????e I???e, ??a
? ???i ???i a ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????e, ???i ????i ?y ????ey
?????? ???u ??? ????.
C?y??ayny ??a a E??, ???ayny a 1950 ??, e n???? ????e a y???? ???????
??? ? ??????o ???o 1952 ?? ?????? ??????i ??????a ??????a Ae??a Y???oy?,
??-?????i ?e ???i ?? ???ae I??i. E?? a y??a 1953 ?? Y???oy? ?? ?????i, ?
??uy?e I? Oecy?? ?????: ?e ? ????? ????o ??o, ?e NOA ???yo ??i? ??? e
????o ??o ? ????eth E?ay. *?? ????i ??? a I??a ?? ???e ?????? E???? ??u
E?? N??i, e 27 ethey 1953 ?? ?? ????i ????? i ?????e ?iy.
N??? ??ay ?y????ue ???? I???e a??? ?????? ?????? ???????, e ??a a 1954
?? ??o? ????y ????ue ? ?y???ue ??????th ????? e ??th NOA, Y???oy? ???y,
??u 2 ???y ??o ????e ???eth I????.
A 1955 ?? I??a ?????ue ????? “????oth ????th A???, a a eth? ?? ? ?? a
AE??a ??iy?? ???a Y???oy? n O???i. I????a ????e ??o ??y ??????? ????e
NOA ??? ????? ??e. Y? ????i Y???oy? ????ny n ??y?? e ???ny ?????? ??a
y????, ????ue a ??ue ????i ????uo ????, a ?i ??a ??th ???th ????o ??????
??o ? ?th ???th NOA.
Ai ??y ??????o ???a 1956 ?? Y???oy? ??i ?????e ????a NNN? a A??eth e
Noy?? ???, ?i ???i ?o ???ny a A?? ?? ? ??? ??. I??i ??? ?i ????a
?i?????ue ????? y??????e ????y?. A ????? ??e? 1957—1958 ??a ?????a
?????ue ????i, ?i ???? ?????? ??iy. Ii ???e ????e ???i ??a Y???oy? ??
???e ???. O? a 1954 ?? A???? ?ae NOA ?????, ?i ???y ????ey a ???? ?????e
(????a ??u ?y ??o e ?y ???) y?y?ny ?????. A ??oth?i ?? ??? ???ey ?
?????a ??? I?o? Eth?? E?a ???y ???a ????a ??? ?y ??o a A???. E?aea a
1957 ?? ????? A???? ?? ????ey?ny ??? ????? a ???, Y???oy? ?? a ?? ??th,
???y ? ????a ???? ????ey?ny ???. A 1960 ?? ???? NOA ??ye A? ?????o ?? e
???, ???e ?????? ??? ??????o ?? ?????i ????y.
Ia ??????o ???o a 1960 ?? ???e ???a??? ???? ????y ???? Ae?i E???, ???e
?? ??? ??????a ???? I???. Ai ????? ???? ??e ????o ????y ????ue ?????o,
????ue ??? n ???i e ????? ??a ?????. A 1962 e 1963 ??o E??? ?????e ??th
?y ??, ??u i????ue ??? ??i ???y a ??????o ??? I???? e A?a?u.
A ???e a??? ???? ?? ??iy? ???i ???a. A 1956 ?? O??ue E??i ??? ? E?o, ?a
??? ??????? ?????? ???? A???. E 1 y??y 1959 ?? E??i ?? ????th ????ue
???. Ii ? ?e ?????i e ??? e ??? ?e ???????e ???. Ii ?-? ??, ?i NOA ?o??
?????? A???, y? ??eth?y ??? ?ae ????????e ????e. Oe?O ????? ???oth ???
??e ????o y????a ai O???, ?????i ? ???o ???? ??? ??a ??, ?e O??ue E??i
??? ??eth?th. E?? Ae?i E??? ?? ?????i, ????ea ???? ?? ?????e ????a. I??
????o ??i ????y, ????ay, ?e ????ue n «?????? Y???oy?, e a ??a ??? ?e
???th ? ????? ???a. 15 ??ey 1961 ?? ???? AAN NOA n ????? ???????? ???e
???e ???? ?? ? ????i ?? A??u. *?? ?a ?y «???a 2506», ??????ay Oe?O ?
????o y????a, ????? a ??? E??? ? th?? ??? ???a. Y???? ??? ?????y ? ??? e
?????ny ? ????i ????? ??? ???a, ? ??c 72 ?? ?? ?? ????th ???u.
9 ethey 1960 ?? O??a ?y?e, ?i NOA ? ???o ??a?ue, ?i ??? N???? Nithc ??
???i ??a e A???, ?i ???. Ii ???, ?i E??? ???i ??ae e ????i a ????. A
eth? 1962 ?? a I??a ?e ???? ????e ???? i ????? ? E?a ????? ???? ??ey. N
??a ethey e ? ???? ??y?y ? ??? ?? ???e?i 42 ????e n y???e ????, ???a ??
???? ? ?a ???a ??? NOA. 14 ?oy?y 1962 ?? ?????? ???o-??i O-2, ???yy
??i?e ??o ?ae ?????e E?u, ????e ????a ???? ?y ???a ??????? ??o ???e
????e. Aeey ?????a ?y??? ???? ??ey ? E?a ?? ??? ??e y??i ??. 22 ?oy?y,
??a ??e ????o ??e ????ey a ?????i ??a ?e N??a ??????, E??? ???? ?
?????th e ????? ?????? ??? ????o ??o e ?uy?e ???e ???? E?u. 27 ?oy?y
????a ??o?? ??e ?ae E?? ?????? O2. A ?o ? ?? E??? ???? I?????? ????
?????a ??? a ?? n 29 ? 30 ?oy?y ????? n???? ???? ????e e ????a ???a ??,
??a ?? ????ue ???. O?? i ????yo ?????a, I??a O??a ????? ?c?e ????a
I????a OeE EINN. I?? ????ueth ???e ????? n???? ?????i ??? ???e n E?u
???. I???? ???e ?a ? ?????, ????a ??? E??? ?? ???? a ?? ? 28 ?oy?y ????
???i ? I????? ??i.
22 ?y?y 1963 ?? E??? ?e ????i a Aea??a, ?? O??. O??? ?e ?uy?? Ee O??
I???, ??? ???e i????, ???? a NNN?, a ??i ?????y ??? n ???e ??e a NOA.
N???ay ???ey ??? e ??th??th, ?i I???, ??a ??? ??o ? ??a ????y, ????? a
????, ??? ??????a y?? ?? ?? ?????i ??????y?. I?? ?????i NOA ?? ??-????o
E??i Ae???. A??? ???? ?i ????y ??i ???a??? N????? O??a a ??o ? A???a.
A? a 1950 ?? ? ???o ????? O?iy? ? A?o?i ?? ???u ??? 35 ?????? ?????.
E??? ?????y ?i, ?i a 1962 ?? ???? a N??i «???a ???». I??i ? 34 ?ny? ?i
????y ????? ?????? ????? ? A???a ???? n 900 ? 16 732 ???e.
2 ???a 1964 ?? a O????i ??? 2 ?????? y??? «Iy??? e «Oy?? Ae?? ?? ???ey?
????????? ????? ???? ?????a. E???n NOA ??ye ??ethoeeth, ? ???e ?????
?????y?? ??i ????? ?????? ?th??i NOA TH??i A???a ??e ????? ?????. 1 ??ey
1965 a?a E??i Ae??? ??ye ???a ?????? ? A???a ??th NOA.
Ai ????? ???? Ae??? ????e ???th ????o ???, ???y ? ??? ???o ?????a a «I??
??i? ?????. Y?????e ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????a ???ay ????ay ???, ???
?????a ?????ue ???a c??????ey, ?????y e ????i ??????a. C????? ????? ???
e ???y ? ?????a. A 1964 ?? ?e ??ye ??e A? ?????o ?? e ??? ???i ????y
NOA, ??? ? th? ???a ?a?e ?-???? ??? ????? ?????ny ??????i ???. E?? a
1965 ?? ???u ???i ?????? n ??? ??????e ??uo a A???, Ae??? ???y ??y?y
???, ???e ???? ????oue ?????i ??? e ?ye ????a ?? ??????e ??? ?????e. O?
? ??a, y? ?? ????ue ???????. I??y??a a ???? ?????, e a ??? 1968 ?? ???u
????? I??? Eth?? E??.
Ia ??a ???o ???? e ?????e ??? ??u ? A???a ??i ?????i NOA ?e ??? ???ae
I??i, ???e ??i ? ???o ???a ??e ????u ???? ???? ??y?e ??????o ????e. 8
ethiy 1969 ?? I??i ?uy?e, ?i N????? O?ou ?????i ???atho ?? ???a ?????a ?
A???a. I???i?? ??????ue ???? ????ey ??e N???.
A NOA ????a ??a ???? ??? ??u. A??e 1970 ?? ????? ???? ?????e ?a ??????
?????ou e ????. I?? ??, ?e a ??a ??a 1972 ?? ???y ??ue ??e NOA i???a
A??? e ? ????? I??? a I??a ????ue ??y ??ay ?????y, ?????? ??? ???o ???a
???e a ?????a. A eth? ????? a I??a ??????, ? ???? ??? ?e ?-???? ? ????e.
I?? ?y??ey ??????y NOA A?? E????? i ?i, ?i ?????? ???n a ????e ?c ??e a
??e, a ???? ???y I??i ??e ??? ?????ue ??????e Ae?A. A ???a ?????e ?? ?
??? N???? A???a ?? ???? ??a ?a ?ny/ ?? ??, ?ae ???? ???i ??a ???? ?ny/
??? ???e. O?? ????? ???? NOA ????e O?? ????? ??o, e 27 y??y 1973 ?? a
???a O??? ?? ????i ????? i ?????e ?iy. Ae?A ????? ??i ???e TH??i A???a
???iy??? ??? ?ith n??o.
N??y 2 ?? ????? ???? I???? ??a? e ??? ? TH?? A???. 30 ??ey 1975 ?? ???
Ae?A ?c ?y ??e a N?a?. I?????? TH??i A???a ??? ??? n ????? ????n??
?????e.
I??i e E????? ??????e ????y n NNN? e E??i, ?y ?? ????o ??i ???e I??o e
I??. I??i ??y ??i-?????y ??a a 1973 ?? ???? ??oe ???? ??y?e. Y? a???
?????? ???i ????? ??? ?? ?i ? ??ue, ???e ??? ???? y?????? ??? ? ??? a
NOA, ? e ? ?? C???i ??.
Ai ??y ??????e ?????? ???? a eth? 1972 ?? a A????a ?? ????? 5 ???e ?
????a a ?? Ae?i?????e ??? a ??a O????. Y? ???a ??i ???i ??? ec ??o ?y??
?????? ????a a ???e NOA. I???y ? ?, ?i I??i ?e ????? ? ??? ??, ??o ??e
??????a, a ?? e???i ?y???ue, ?i ??????u ? ???eth ????? ? ??y e??????
???? ???? ? ?????e, ??iy? ??ey? ? ????? ???a. ?????y ???? ???e, a ??
???? ???? ???? ???? a ?????? th??? e ???? ?????. A??a ??o ???oth ???e e
??????th ?????i ????y I???, ???e, ??a ??i ???i, ?e ???i a ????e ? ???
???a, /? a NOA ????y ??ue ????i ??????i. O?? ?y???ue, ?i ????o ????i
??y???? ????th ? ?? O????a.
8 ???a 1974 ?? ???ae I??i ??e a ????, e ????y ??? a ??? ???a e ??-?????
Ae???o O??. N??y 2 ?? ? ??????o ???o ? ???? ????o Ae??? (Ae??e) E???,
???e ???e a ????ue a 1977 ??.
E??? ? ???ue ????ny n y?????? ???? e ???? ??y??. A??a ??e ????o ??ye
?????ii ???ey ????? ????i, ???????? ? ???e ????. A? ? ???ue ???? ???a
????y n NNN?, ????o A??? ???i ?????e ?????? ??? a A??a e a ??a ??? ??y?e
a?? a A?????. I??i E??? ???ue ???ny ???????y n E??i e a 1979 ?? NOA
????th ???? ???????? ??????i a I??a. I???a ???i ????????? ?????i E???
?a? ?????ey ??i-?????o ????e. 17 ??y?y 1978 ?? a Ey?-Aeya?a ?e ???? ???
???? ??o E???i e A???. Ii ??? a ?n??? ???? E??? ???? ???? ????a, ???a
????th ???? ?i ?????oth ???o.
A y??a 1981 ?? ??i ?cy?? A??i ?? ?? ?i??ae ???i. I?? ????o ?? ???e y????
NOA ? ?oy??i ???a ?e ??? ???? ???? ???a. Ii ?????i ???? ?e??? ???, ?i
??????i ?????? e ????i ??u ????? ???a. E 1984 ?? n ??y?? ?? ????i e
?????ay y???? ???? a ??th ??? ????.
A?? ???e ?? e ??iyy ???? ????, ?o?? ???? ??e ??th ??e ??? ?????y? ?????i
??? NNN? e ?i ?th???. 25 ?oy?y 1983 ?? ???a ????u NOA ????? ? A???,
???th ???u ????? a ???? ???????y ??? ?ey?y ? E???. N??th?e ?????????
???e ???? ??i ????a ????? ??? ????? E???.
O???y ????yy e ??iyy ???? ???? ????? ?i ?????? ia ??? ??. A? ??ey??? ??
????? ???, ????y ? ???e E???o, ??????y a 1987 ??. I???? ???? NOA ?????
????e ??? ??????i, ?thth?i n ??????, Oe?O ??i ??a?? E?? ???, a ? ?????
??? ???? ????? ?y ????e ??o ?????a a I????.
Y???? NOA ????? ?????, ??? ???u ? ????? ????u ?????ue, ????o ?e ???a
???ey ???a a ??????? ??e. Ae??? ath??a ????, ? ???? ?????ny, e NOA, ??a
???? ?? ????? ????a, ??? ??e ??e ???e ?????? ?? a ??. E?? ??, ???????
ae?? ???i NOA ?? ??, ?i a ??? 1970-o ??a. O? ? ??a, ? ???o 1988 ?? ???e
??-????o Ae??ae A?, e ??????u ???? a A?? ??.
18 ethey 1990 ?? N??i O??i ??i ???e E??o a ?i, ?i ?o a ???a ?ny? ????o
?o y?? ????? ?a??th ??ue ? ??????i ??????y e ??? ????ue A??? 2,5 ??.
???? ?????e. E????e y?? ??? ???? ??y??y, ? ????ny ??ue ? ?? ?????a. I??i
?a 2 ???a 1990 ?? O??i ?uy?e i ?i, ?i a E??? ????a ??eth?y e «????a
????a ??????? ??? ????? e ?? ? ???th. A y? ??y ???? AAN E?? ???e ?????
???, a ??e ?ny/ ???? ??? ???e ???o e ??? ???? ??????a ????e ??e. C???a
E??o, E?e ??e ????ue ???e ?? ??? ?????a e ????ue e ??i ????? ??? ??e. Ii
a ????? ??e ??oth? O?a? ???ny a ??? ??y?e. I??? ????? ????? ???? i????a
«????a ??????i E???», ??iy?a ? ???? ????. I??? ??eth?e ? ??, ? e ? ??i
?? a ??? n ??i ? ??o ???o ???e ??e a ??.
A ?? ??? ???? N?? A?????e III ?eiye ??eth?th i ?????i e ??????? ??? ????
??e n ????? E???. O? ? ??a, 6 ???a A??ae ?y?e, ?i «????a ?a????? E???»
????i i ??????e ??e ??? e E??. O ??? N????e A??e ?iy? 60 ?n. ???? ???,
???o a eth?e ??? ?????y a ???. *?? ??? ?????i ? ???? E??, ???ue ????ny
????ue ? ?ith ????eth ?????? ???. I???y «Ae?? O?? («U? ????) ????.
15 ???a 1990 ?? a ??a ???a 7-y y??????y ???a ???e ??? NOA, a ??c ??eth —
24-y ???ay ???c???y ???y. A ???a 30 ?? a N????e A??e ?? ??????i 100 ?n.
?????? ??? e ????. A ??i ??? ??e ????ue ?e??a ?????a ? ??i-??? IAOI,
A????, I?? C???e, ss??e, *??, N???e, A??e. A ???? ??a a ??a ??? E?? ??y?
o??? ??? 425 ?n. ?????? ???.
29 ?y?y N?? A?????e III ??uy?e O??? ?????: ???? ??? ? 15 y??y ???e ??? ?
E???, ?e ??????e y??????e ??? a N????e A??e ???o ????? ????ue ??? E??
??. N??i O??i ??? ?????, ??a ?? Ae??ae A? ????e ???a N??a A?????e. A?
?a?th 1990 ?? NOA ?????e ?????e ?? «Ae?? N??» («A?y a ??u?»). I???y ???
?? ???ny ??? ??? n ???a, ??a ?? ??????a ??? ??? a E??o e ???o ??? ?????
a TH?? E?? ? ??? ???.
17 y??y 1991 ?? ??? ???? ?i ????? ????? ??e ????a.
E?e ???ny ????th ? ??a e ????th. A?n? IAI ??? ????ue ?? ????i ??o
«??y—???», a ???ou ?? ? ??y?? a ???. E 21 ???y ???y ????????o ?e ????a
??a 7 ?n. ???a, ?e y?i ?? ??u ??i 7 ????a ?th???. 24 ???y 1991 ?? ???
???? ???e ???o. A??a O??? ??a? ??? e ??? ? ??ae ? ????? ??? ???. O??i
????e???y ???y ????? ???ue ??????? ??????a, ? o? ? ???e ?? ????th ?????
??????. O?? 26 ???y ???ath?a ? E??? ???? ??e ??? a «??? ??ue ???, ??u? e
???a, e ?? ???u n ?? ??e ????. A?? a I????i ??? ?????ue ??? ????? E??.
A?? ? ??y ??? ???? NOA ???y? 268 ???e. I??e E?? ????e 100 ?n. ??? e 300
?n. ???o.
I??a NOA a ??a a I????i ??? ?????i ???? ????o A?a. E?? ??, ??a ???a NNN?
e ??a ???a??? ???????? ???u N????? O?? ??e ?????? ??????e a ??. I??i ???
a y? ??y ?????ay y???? i???? a ??? ????i ??iy?e. *?? ??????ue ???? ???o
ath??a, A? ?e ???? ????ue ???. O? ? ??a, NOA ?????ue a ??? oy??e y??????
???, ???e ?????? ???? ??ey??? ???????. Ia ??????o ???o 1992 ?? ??? ???e
???? A?e E???.
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