Eiio?ieueiay ?aaioa ?1
nooaeaioa I eo?na, 1 a?oiiu,
ICI TH?eaee/aneiai oaeoeueoaoa
Eaai/aiei Ae. N.
Ii enoi?ee ia oaio «Eioaeeeaaioeey a aiaeu ia?ano?ieee»
«Iiieiaiea iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?aoi?i auei auiioaii, y au neacae, auno?aaeaii
iauanoaii. E caaea/a ?aoi?iaoi?ia ninoiyea ia noieueei a oii, /oiau
ni/eiyoue iiaua iiaeaee e iaaycuaaoue eo iauanoao, neieueei a oii, /oiau
niyoue ia?aie/aiey, oi?iica, ecaaaeoue iauanoai io ianaiaiaeu e aeaoue
aiciiaeiinoue aeey aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey a ?aieao iauaoeeaeeecaoeeiiiuo
i?ioeannia. Aaaeue iu /a?ac aieueoaaenoneoth iiaeaeue ii nooe aeaea
aueeth/eee Niaaoneee Nithc e ?inneth ec yoiai iauaoeeaeeecaoeeiiiiai
i?ioeanna.
ss oaaaeaeai, /oi ?aoi?iu auee aeeciaiii iaiaoiaeeiu. Ae?oaia aeaei –
/oi a ?acoeueoaoa iieo/eeinue…»
I. Ai?aa/aa i iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?aoi?i.
11 ia?oa 1985 aiaea ninoiyeny aiai/a?aaeiie Ieaioi OeE EINN, ia eioi?ii
eca?aee iiaiai Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y – Ieoaeea Ai?aa/aaa. Nianai nei?i
ia ai?aeueneii Ieaioia OeE EINN Ai?aa/aa aunooiee n cayaeaieai i
iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?aia?aciaaiee a aeecie Niaaoneiai Nithca. A ea/anoaa
iniiaiiai iai?aaeaiey ii iaicia/ee «onei?aiea nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai
?acaeoey no?aiu». I?aaeiieaaaeinue niaa?oeoue ianooaaioth e auno?oth
oaoiieiae/aneoth iiaea?iecaoeeth, ia?ainiauaiea ia?iaeii-oicyenoaaiiiai
eiiieaena, a aianoi no?ieoaeuenoaa iiauo i?aaei?eyoee, iai?aaeoue
ainoaea?noaaiiua athaeaeaoiua n?aaenoaa ia ?aeiino?oeoeeth noa?uo. A
no?aia ia/aeenue na?ueaciua ia?aiaiu. A iaa 1985 aiaea auei ecaeaii
iinoaiiaeaiea OeE «I ia?ao ii i?aiaeieaieth iueyinoaa e aeeiaieecia».
Niaeanii yoiio iinoaiiaeaieth, auee aaaaeaiu aeanoeea ia?aie/aiey ia
i?iaeaaeo aeeiaieueiie i?iaeoeoeee, a aa i?iecaiaenoai aeieaeii auei
nouanoaaiii nie?auaoueny eaaeaeue aiae. Iaeiaei, eae iu ciaai oaia?ue,
aioeaeeiaieueiay eaiiaiey ia i?eianea iaeeaeaaiuo ?acoeueoaoia.
Iaiai?io, aianoi iieiaeeoaeueiuo iineaaenoaee, ianooieee iaaaoeaiua: n
1985 ii 1987 aiaea eacia iioa?yea i?eia?ii 70 ie?ae. ?oaeae! A eoiaa,
eaiiaiey auea naa?iooa.
Naia iineaaeothuaa ?acaeoea iiaue eo?n ia «onei?aiea» iieo/ee ia XXVII
nuacaea EINN a oaa?aea-ia?oa 1986 aiaea. Ia nuacaea cayaeee, /oi oaea e
2000 aiaeo yeiiiieea no?aiu aeieaeia oaeaieoueny, a oaea e 1990 aiaeo
(anaai eeoue ca iaiieiuo /aou?a aiaea) NNN? aeieaeai aeinoeaiooue o?iaiy
iaeaieaa ia?aaeiauo no?ai. Oaeaea aaiaeeeanue iiaay ainoaea?noaaiiay
i?ia?aiia «AEeeuea-2000», niaeanii eioi?ie eaaeaeay niaaoneay naiuey e
2000 aiaeo aeieaeia auea iieo/eoue ioaeaeueioth eaa?oe?o eee aeii.
Ei?aiiua ia?aiaiu a iieeoe/aneii eo?na no?aiu ia iiaee ia io?aceoueny ia
i?aaenoaaeoaeyo niaaoneie eioaeeeaaioeee. Iaaacuioa?anai aii?in, /oi e a
eaeoth noi?iio eciaieeinue a eo aeecie a aiaeu ia?ano?ieee?
?ane?iai aeey ia/aea cia/aiea iiiyoey «eioaeeeaaioeey» e ii?aaeaeei, eoi
aea e iae ioiineony. Naii neiai «eioaeeeaaioeey» a naiai nia?aiaiiii
iiieiaiee eiaao ?onneia i?ienoiaeaeaiea. A ea/anoaa oa?ieia yoi iiiyoea
noaee oiio?aaeyoue n 60-o aiaeia XIX aaea. Aaoi?ii oa?ieia
«eioaeeeaaioeey» n/eoaaony ?onneee ienaoaeue I. Ae. Aiai?ueei. A 1870
aiaeo auoae a naao aai ?iiai «Nieeaeiua aeia?iaeaoaee», a eioi?ii
Aiai?ueei e aaae a iaeoiae oa?iei «eioaeeeaaioeey» enoieeiaaa aai
neaaeothuei ia?acii: «Iiae eioaeeeaaioeeae iaaei ?acoiaoue aunoee
ia?aciaaiiue neie iauanoaa, eae a ianoiyuoth ieiooo, oae e ?aiaa, ia
anai i?ioyaeaiee XIX aaea e aeaaea a iineaaeiae o?aoe XVIII aaea». A.
Aeaeue a naiai «Oieeiaii neiaa?a» ii?aaeaeye oa?iei «eioaeeeaaioeey»
iaiiiai oi/iaa – «Eioaeeeaaioeey, a cia/aiee niae?aoaeueiii, ?acoiiay,
ia?aciaaiiay, oinoaaiii ?acaeoay /anoue aeeoaeae». Noiaeaa iiaiea ii
iiaiaeo ii?aaeaeaiey oa?ieia auei e o A. E. Eaieia. ?anniao?eaay
eioaeeeaaioeeth ni noi?iiu iniaaiiinoae aa aeayoaeueiinoe, Eaiei
eioa?i?aoe?iaae yoio oa?iei eae niaieoiiinoue ethaeae, caieiathueony
oinoaaiiui o?oaeii.
Ioiioaiea e eioaeeeaaioeee auei iaiaeiicia/iui. ?aaii eae e aa
iieiaeaiea a nioeeaeueiie no?oeoo?a iauanoaa. I?ioeai?a/eaua ioiioaiey
eioaeeeaaioeee eae n aeanoueth, oae e n i?inoui ia?iaeii, yaeeenue
i?e/eiie oiio, /oi iaeioi?ua o/aiiua ?innee ia/aea XX aaea n/eoaee
eioaeeeaaioeeth iiaui yenieoaoaoi?neei eeannii. Eioaeeeaaioeeth n/eoaee
iiaie yenieoaoaoi?neie iauanoaaiiie neeie. Ae i?eienuaaee oeuie/aneea
/a?ou, e aeaeaee a aa aeaenoaeyo iaoeaeaiiinoue ia aicauoaiea naiaai
nioeeaeueiiai noaoona n iineaaeothuei eeanniaui ainiiaenoaii.
Iaeii ec nia?aiaiiuo ii?aaeaeaiee oa?ieia «eioaeeeaaioeey» caeeth/aaony
a neaaeothuai: «eioaeeeaaioeey – yoi e?oiiay nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iay
iauiinoue, nioeeaeueiue iannea ethaeae n aeoeaiie iauanoaaiiie
iiceoeeae, i?ioanneiiaeueii caieiathueony oai?/aneei oinoaaiiui
o?oaeii».
E eioaeeeaaioeee iiaeii ioianoe aeiaieueii oe?ieea iannu ethaeae. Yoi e
o/aiiua, e ?aeeaeiciua aeayoaee, e ienaoaee, e ooaeiaeieee, e iocueaiou
e iiiaea ae?oaea iinayoeaoea naay oae eee eia/a oinoaaiiiio o?oaeo, anee
e ia ninoiyuaio oeaeeeii e iieiinoueth ec oai?/anoaa, oi ia?ac?uaii n
iei naycaiiiio.
I?aaenoaaeoaeyie eioaeeeaaioeee yaeythony ethaee n niaa?oaiii ?acee/iui
ia?aciaaieai, aeooiaiui ie?ii e nioeeaeueiui iieiaeaieai. Aianoa n oai,
aiai?y ia eioaeeeaaioeee eae ia ii?aaeaeaiiii iauanoaaiii-nioeeaeueiii
aeaea ethaeae, iaeuecy ioiineoue e iae ethaeae a i?iecaieueiii ii?yaeea,
ia iniiaaiee nianoaaiiiai iiaiey eee eaeaeiuo oaaaeaeaiee. Nia?aiaiiay
nioeeaeueiay iaoea noi?ie?iaaea ianeieueei i?eciaeia, yaeythueony iaueie
aeey anao eioaeeeaaioia. Iniiaiuie ec ieo n/eoathony:
1)i?eaioaoeey ia iaua/aeiaa/aneea ea/anoaa, i?eaa?aeaiiinoue eaeae
ni?aaaaeeeainoe;
2)aaeeinoai aeooiaiiai ie?a eioaeeeaaioa n aeooiaiui ie?ii ethaeae,
eioa?anu eioi?uo ii au?aaeaao;
3)aa?iinoue ia?iaeo, iao?eioeci, oai?/aneay iaea?aeeiinoue;
4)ee/iinoiia ia/aei aeey eioaeeeaaioa – aunoay oeaiiinoue, ii no?aieony
e iacaaeneiinoe, e naiaiaea aiiaua, e e naiaiaea naiiau?aaeaiey a
/anoiinoe;
5)iaiieieaaeiinoue a ionoaeaaiee naieo iiceoeee, aucaaiiuo niaanoueth e
oaaaeaeaieai;
6)naiaia?aciia, aeaienoaaiiia iniciaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, i?eaiaeyuaa
ia?aaeei e na?ueaciui iieeoe/aneei eieaaaieyi, i?iyaeaieth
eiina?aaoecia.
Oaeia auaeaeaiea iaueo i?eciaeia i?aaenoaaeoaeae eioaeeeaaioeee
iicaieyao eo/oa iiiyoue, eoi a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e iae i?eiaaeeaaeeo. E
a naiii aeaea, e eioaeeeaaioeee o?aaeeoeeiiii ioiinyo, iai?eia?,
ienaoaeae e aeayoaeae iaoee. Ienaoaeyi naii niaie i?enoue ana
auoaia?a/eneaiiua /a?ou, ii oae aea ia eeoaiu eo e o/aiua. Oioy a
aeaiiii neo/aa oianoii, iiaeaeoe, naeaeaoue iaaieueooth iaiai?eo –
i?eciaeaie eioaeeeaaioeee iaeaaeatho a iieiie ia?a eeoue oa o/aiua
(ai?i/ai, eae e ienaoaee), eioi?ua caieiathony naiei aeaeii ia noieueei
?aaee nianoaaiiie auaiaeu, oaeiaeaoai?aiey nianoaaiiie ae/iinoe,
neieueei ?aaee naiiai aeaea. Eae aiai?eoueny, «iaoea – ?aaee iaoee».
*oi eanaaony ?onneie eioaeeeaaioeee, oi iia anaaaea n/eoaeanue
eioaeeeaaioeeae iniaie. I. Aa?aeyaa a naiae eieaa «?onneay eaeay»
auneacuaaeny i iae oae: «?onneay eioaeeeaaioeey anoue nianai iniaia,
eeoue a ?innee nouanoaothuaa aeooiaii-nioeeaeueiia ia?aciaaiea. …
Eioaeeeaaioeey auea eaeaaeenoe/aneei eeannii, eeannii ethaeae. Oeaeeeii
oaea/aiiuo eaeayie e aioiauo ai eiy naieo eaeae ia oth?ueio, eaoi?ao e
ia eaciue. Eioaeeeaaioeey ia iiaea o ian aeeoue a ianoiyuai, iia aeeea a
aoaeouai, a eiiaaea a i?ioaaeoai. … Eioaeeeaaioeey auea ?onneei yaeaieai
e eiaea oa?aeoa?iua ?onneea /a?ou, ii iia /oanoaiaaea naay
aanii/aaiiie».
Ia naiii aeaea, anee aiai?eoue eiaiii i ?onneie eioaeeeaaioeee, oi ia
ana oae i?inoi n ii?aaeaeaieai ioiinyueony e iae eaoaai?ee ethaeae. A
?innee ii?aaeaeaiea iiiyoey «eioaeeeaaioeey» naycaia ia oieueei n
iniaaiiinoyie i?ioannee /aeiaaea, ii e a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie n aai
aeooiaiie i?aaiecaoeeae. I?aaenoaaeoaeyie ?onneie eioaeeeaaioeee iiaoo
aunooiaoue ia oieueei aunieiia?aciaaiiua ethaee, caieiathueany
oinoaaiiui o?oaeii. Aaeaeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae ?onneiai ia?iaea,
a ?innee eioaeeeaaio yoi ia oieueei ii?aaeaeaiea ?iaea i?ioannee
/aeiaaea, ii, i?aaeaea anaai, ninoiyiea aai aeooe. I?aanoaaiiue iano?ie,
aeooiaiay e?anioa, iaoa?ieiinoue e ethaui ionooieaieyi io anyeeo
yoe/aneeo ii?i, o?acaay naiiioeaiea naiae ee/iinoe, niiniaiinoue
iiieiaiey /aeiaa/aneiai a /aeiaaea, niiniaiinoue iuouaoue o?aaaaeee,
ia?aaeeaaaiua /aeiaa/anoaii a oeaeii – aio, iiaeaeoe, aeaaiua
ioee/eoaeueiua /a?ou ?onneiai eioaeeeaaioa.
Eioaeeeaaioeey anaaaea auea iiuiie aeaeaeouae neeie ai anao noa?ao
nioeeaeueii-iauanoaaiiie aeecie. Niaeanii oaaaeaeaieyi iaeioi?uo
nia?aiaiiuo o/aiuo-enoi?eeia eiaiii neea eioaeeeaaioeee yaeeanue
iiaeeeiiie i?e/eiie ia?ano?ieee. O/aiua ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi «aa?oooea»
niaaoneie eioaeeeaaioeee ?aci/a?iaaeanue a eaeaieiaee «?acaeoiai
nioeeaeecia», oi?ie?iaaaoae ainoaea?noaaiiue no?ie a Niaaoneii Nithca e
?ac?ooeea aai i?e iiiiue ?aoi?i ia?ano?ieee, i?iaeeeoiaaiiuo eo?nii ia
«onei?aiea».
Ioiioaiea naiie eioaeeeaaioeee e ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe anaaaea auei e
inoaaony aanueia iaiaeiicia/iui. A aieueoae noaiaie eioaeeeaaioeey
ioiineony e aeanoe ana aea iai?eie?eii iiiiceoeeiiii. Enoi?ey ciaao
iaiaei i?eia?ia, eiaaea ai aeaaa aeoeaiuo aeaeaeaiee iai?aaeyaoeo naie
neeu ia ai?ueao n aeaenoaiaaaoae aeanoueth, noaiiaeeenue ethaee, eioi?uo
iiaeii i?e/eneeoue e ?ac?yaeo eioaeeeaaioia naieo a?aiai.
Aeoeaiay eee ianneaiay ai?ueaa eioaeeeaaioeee ni aeanoueth a?yae ee
eiaaea-eeai i?ae?aoeony. Iao ie iaeiiai iieeoe/aneiai ?aaeeia, e ia
iiaeao auoue ie iaeiiai iieeoe/aneiai eo?na, eioi?ue ono?aeaae au
aaniethoii anao a?aaeaeai no?aiu, a eioi?ie iie onoaiiaeaiu. Yoi
iaaeyaeii iiaeoaa?aeaeatho ethaua auai?u a Ainoaea?noaaiioth Aeoio,
iai?eia?, i?ioaaeoea 2 aeaeaa?y 2007 aiaea. Aieueoeinoai ecae?aoaeae
(aieaa 60 %) i?iaieiniaaee ca i?aaenoaaeoaeae iieeoe/aneie ia?oee
«Aaeeiay ?inney», a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, e ca eo iieeoe/aneee eo?n. Ii auee
n?aaee ecae?aoaeae e oa (aieaa 30%), eoi aieiniaae ca i?aaenoaaeoaeae
ae?oaeo ia?oee, oaeoe/anee au?aaeay a iauae ianna ianiaeanea n eo?nii
«Aaeeiie ?innee». Aio e iieo/aaony, /oi oioue aieueoeinoai a?aaeaeai e
ono?aeaaao a oie eee eiie noaiaie aeaenoaothuee ainoaea?noaaiiue no?ie,
ana aea eiaaony iaiaeay /anoue ianaeaiey ianiaeaniay n iei. N?aaee
i?aaenoaaeoaeae eioaeeeaaioeee, ianiiiaiii, iaeaeoony oa, eoi
iiaeaea?aeeo e anoaiao ia naiaai ?iaea caueoo eioa?ania oiai
iaiueoeinoaa, eioi?ia i?ioea aeaenoaothuae iieeoeee.
Aa?iainy oaia?ue e aii?ino i aeeyiee niauoee ia?ano?ieee ia
i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?onneie eioaeeeaaioeee. Aeey oiai /oiau eo/oa iiiyoue
nouiinoue yoiai aeeyiey ?anniio?ei eiie?aoiua i?eia?u. Eciaiaiey,
i?iecioaaeoea a aeecie ?onneie eioaeeeaaioeee aneaaenoaea ia?ano?ia/iuo
i?aia?aciaaiee, iaeuecy iacaaoue iaeiicia/ii iieiaeeoaeueiuie eee
iaeiicia/ii io?eoeaoaeueiuie.
A yiaa?a 1987 aiaea auea iauyaeaia «Iieeoeea aeaniinoe». Iia
eeeaeaee?iaaea iiiaeanoai ia?aie/aiee, cai?aoia ia e?eoeeo,
nouanoaiaaaoeo ?aiaa. Oaeaea auea nouanoaaiii oiaiueoaia oeaico?a a
n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee. Auee ?aaaeeeoe?iaaiu iaeioi?ua
eeoa?aoo?iua aeayoaee, iaaeiyaiua ?aiaa a aioeniaaoneie i?iiaaaiaea.
Oaeaea ia/aee aeiioneaoue e ioe?uoie ia/aoe iiiaea eeoa?aoo?iua
i?iecaaaeaiey, iaoiaeeaoeany iiae no?iaeaeoei cai?aoii.
Ei?aiiua eciaiaiey i?aoa?iaee ioiioaiey aeanoe n ?aeeaeae. I?inoiyaoee
i/aiue aeieaia a?aiy i?eioeei, auneacaiiue A. E. Eaieiui, «?aeeaey –
iieoi aeey ia?iaea», eae aoaeoi ioiaeaeioee ia caaeai?ee. E aeaaea ia
i?inoi ioiaeaeioee, a, auoue iiaeao, e aiiaua oi?acaeieee.
Aua a ia/aea ia?ano?ieee, anei?a iinea iauyaeaiey «Iieeoeee aeaniinoe»,
i?ioee ano?a/e I. Ai?aa/aaa n iao?ea?oii ?inneeneie I?aaineaaiie Oea?eae
Ieiaiii. E?iia oiai, Ai?aa/aa i?iaiaeee aanaaeu e n i?aaenoaaeoaeyie
ae?oaeo ?aeeaeiciuo eiioannee.
A 1988 aiaeo a Niaaoneii Nithca i?ioee ia?ii?eyoey, iinayuaiiua
ouny/aeaoiaio thaeeath e?auaiey ?one. ?ac?aoeee i?aaiecaoeeth iiauo
?aeeaeiciuo iauei, eioi?ua i?ioee ioeoeeaeueioth ?aaeno?aoeeth. A no?aia
ioe?ueenue aeooiaiua o/aaiua caaaaeaiey e auee oaaee/aiu oe?aaee
ecaeaaaaiie ?aeeaeiciie eeoa?aoo?u.
Aa?othuei ia/aee aica?auaoue eoeueoiaua caeaiey, ioia?aiiua e cae?uoua
eee i?eniiniaeaiiua iiae ae?oaea ioaeaeu, a aiaeu aioe?aeeaeiciie
iieeoeee niaaoneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Ei?aiiie ia?aeii acaeiiioiioaiee
aeanoe n oea?eiaueth i?iecioae aua e a oii, /oi aianoi i?aaeiaai
iiaaeueiiai oie/oiaeaiey o?aiia, aeaee ?ac?aoaiea ia no?ieoaeuenoai
iiauo.
Ianeieueeeo iniai auaeaeythueony oea?eiaiuo ea?a?oia eca?aee aeaiooaoaie
a Aa?oiaiue Niaao NNN?.
Eae ie noa?aeenue a naia a?aiy i?aaeuaeouea aeaau no?aiu oie/oiaeeoue a
?innee ?aeeaeth, iia ieeiaaea ia en/acaea ec aeoo ?onneeo ethaeae. A n
aaaaeaieai iiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee, ethaee ia?anoaee aiyoueny
au?aaeaoue naie ?aeeaeiciua oaaaeaeaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, ethaee iieo/eee
i?aai ia naiaiaeiia aa?ieniiaaaeaiea, eioi?ia iicaeiaa auei cae?aieaii a
iiaie eiinoeoooeee.
Ia?aiaiu a aiaeu ia?ano?ieee i?iecioee a aeecie iiiaeo ecaanoiuo
ethaeae. Oae, iai?eia?, i?iecioei n ecaanoiui ?onneei ienaoaeai
Aeaenaiae?ii Nieaeaieoeuiui. 13 oaa?aey 1974 aiaea ?acaa?iooay iaeioi?ia
a?aiy iacaae a i?anna eaiiaiey i?ioea Nieaeaieoeuia aeinoeaea naiaai
ieea. Nieaeaieoeui aue a?anoiaai e caeeth/ai a ecieyoi? Eaoi?oiai.
Oiaaea aea aai eeoeee niaaoneiai a?aaeaeainoaa e auneaee ec no?aiu. Aua
a naiii ia/aea ia?ano?ieee aai i?iaeieaeaee iaaeiyoue «i?aaeaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe». Iaeiaei aeaaiaea?y «Iieeoeea aeaniinoe», nieiaaoae
iiiaea ia?aie/aiey, ioiioaiea aeanoe e Nieaeaieoeuio noaei iaiyoueny. A
Niaaoneii Nithca noaee ia/aoaoue aai i?iecaaaeaiey. A eiioea 1988 aiaea
oanoiaaeoeaoue aeayoaeae eoeueoo?u e ienaoaeae e Aaia?aeueiiio
nae?aoa?th OeE EINN I.Ai?aa/aao n i?ioanoii i?ioea caaea?aeee
ioaeeeaoeee a aeo?iaea «Iiaue ie?» eieae Nieaeaieoeuia «A?oeiaeaa
AOEAA». A oiaea a?aiy ae?oaay a?oiia ienaoaeae Niaaoneiai Nithca
i?aaeeiaeeea Nae?aoa?eaoo i?aaeaiey nithca ienaoaeae NNN? ainnoaiiaeoue
Nieaeaieoeuia a ?yaeao Nithca.
Ieii/aoaeueii neooaoeey iiiaiyeanue a 1990 aiaeo. Auoae a naao iieiue
oaeno eieae «A?oeiaeaa AOEAA». A aeo?iaea «Iiaue ie?» ia/eiathony
ioaeeeaoeee ?iiaia «A e?oaa ia?aii». A 16 aaaonoa oeacii i?aceaeaioa
NNN? Nieaeaieoeui aue ainnoaiiaeai a niaaoneii a?aaeaeainoaa. A oii aea
aiaeo Nieaeaieoeuio i?enoaeeee ainoaea?noaaiioth i?aieth ca «A?oeiaeaa
AOEAA», io eioi?ie ii ioeacaeny, neacaa: «Yoa eieaa – i no?aaeaieyo
ieeeeiiia, e y ia iiao niae?aoue ia iae ii/ao».
Ia?aiaiu oaeaea einioeenue e i?aaenoaaeoaeae iocueaeueiiai oai?/anoaa.
Auee ?ac?aoaiu eniieieoaee, eioi?uo neooaee e ?aiueoa, ii «ec
iiaeiieuey». N?aaee ieo ecaanoiue ?onneee ?ie-eniieieoaeue Eai?ue
Oaeueeia. Iiiai eioa?aniiai naycaii n yoei eiaiai. Aio a?iaea au e
?ac?aoeee iaoue, ?ac?aoeee aunooiaoue ia eiioea?oao, ii, oai ia iaiaa,
iaaeiaieuenoai niaaoneei i?aaeoaeuenoai aai oai?/anoaii ia
oiaiueoeeinue. Ii yoi e iiiyoii. Ai iiiaeo naieo ianiyo Oaeueeia i?yii
auneacuaaeny i?ioea iiiaeo nouanoaothueo a?aiyo niaaoneiai no?iy.
Aniiiieoue oioy au iaeioi?ua ec aai ecaanoiuo ianai «EINN», «Aeiaon» e
«?inney». Eo oaenou ia iiaee ia aucuaaoue o aeaenoaiaaaoaai oiaaea
i?aaeoaeuenoaa ?acei iaaaoeaiua ioeeeee. Iai?eia?, a iania «Aeiaon»
anoue oaeea no?iee:
«Iieaaeeoa iia oaeoth no?aio,
Aaea aa?ie-aaoa?aiu aieiu aeeaoo ooaea ?aaia…»
«Ia a?auaeoa aeiaon, ethaee –
Au ia iaeaeaoa.
Ia ieaiaoa caiey
No?ai oaeeo ia iouneaoue,
E?iia oie ?ieiaie,
A eioi?ie au ana ia aeeaaoa.
Ia aeeaaoa, iioiio /oi iaeuecy
Yoi aeeciueth iacaaoue…»
A iania «EINN» auneacuaaeenue i?yiua iaeanoiua ?aieeee a aae?an «iaoeiu
n aeueyaieueneei iacaaieai EINN». Oaeeaeoaeueii, /oi Oaeueeia ia aue
iauyaeai i?aaeaoaeai no?aiu. Aei neo ii? a ia?iaea oiaeeo aa?ney, /oi
nia?oue Eai?y Oaeueeiaa ieeaeie ia ian/anoiue neo/ae. Iiiaea n/eoaee e
n/eoatho, /oi eiaei ianoi iieeoe/aneia oaeenoai.
A aiaeu ia?ano?ieee auee cia/eoaeueii ineaaeaiu iieeoe/aneea aiiaiey ia
ecaanoioth ?ie-a?oiio «Iaoeia a?aiaie» e aa nieenoa Aiae?ay Iaea?aae/a.
A eiioea ia?ano?ieee ia ?inneeneii oaeaaeaeaiee iiyaeeanue eoeeia?iay
oaeaia?aaea/a «Niae», aaaeouei eioi?ie noae Iaea?aae/.
Aieueoia ?acaeoea eiaiii ai a?aiy ia?ano?ieee iieo/eea aaoi?neay
(aa?aeianeay) ianiy. I?ioiaeeee eiioea?oiua aunooieaiey iiiaeo ecaanoiuo
aa?aeia – Aoeaoa Ieoaeaeaau, TH?ey Aecai?a e iiiaeo ae?oaeo. Iiieii
eiioea?oia auee oaeaea oanoeaaee aa?aeianeie ianie. Naiui ecaanoiui ec
ieo noae A?ooeineee oanoeaaeue. Ii i?ioiaeee iiae Eoeauoaaui (iuia
Naia?a). Nioie i?inouo ethaeae nuacaeaeenue e noeaia auiieiaiiie a oi?ia
aeoa?u iineooaoue ethaeiuo eniieieoaeae-aa?aeia, iineaeaoue o eino?a n
aeoa?ie. A ioee/ea io eiioea?oia, ia A?ooeineee oanoeaaeue ia
i?iaeaaaeenue aeeaou, e ia aceiaeanue ieeaeay ae?oaay ieaoa. Yoi aue eae
oo?enoe/aneee iioiae.
Eciaiaiey i?iecioee e ia oaeaaeaeaiee. A yoe?a eaiaeia oeaio?aeueiiai
aauaiey ia/aee iiyaeyoueny eioa?aniua oaeaia?aaea/e. Ioe?ueanue aei?iaa
a naao iiiaei iieiaeui aeo?iaeenoai-oaeaaeceiiueeai. A /enea
ioe?uaaaoeony a oi a?aiy oaeaia?aaea/ auee e ia?aaea/e, a eioi?uo
ianoaeaeaeenue oaiu iieeoeee. I?e /ai iie ia auee aaniethoii
«aeaaeeeie». Ianoaeaeaeenue ia oieueei iiceoeaiua n oi/ee c?aiey
aeaenoaiaaaoae a oi a?aiy aeanoe aii?inu e ia oieueei n iieiaeeoaeueiie
noi?iiu, ii e iaaaoeaiua iiiaiou ?acee/iuo aii?inia, aea e iieiinoueth
iaaaoeaiua aii?inu.
A /enea oaeeo iiauo oaeaia?aaea/ auea i?ia?aiia Aeaaeeneaaa Eenoueaaa
«*an iee». A iae eae ?ac cao?aaeaaeenue e iieeoe/aneea aii?inu. Ia
?aaeei ia ianoaeaeaiea a yoie ia?aaea/a auiineeenue aeaaea aanueia
ino?ua e i?ioeai?a/eaua yeaiaiou niaaoneiai no?iy. Yoi, eiia/ii, auei a
iiaeieo niaaoneiio /aeiaaeo.
Iiyaeeenue e oaeaia?aaea/e, ?anneacuaathuea i aeecie i?inouo ?aai/eo
ethaeae. E iiyoue aea a ieo aiai?eeinue ia oieueei i oi?ioeo yeaiaioao
/aeiaa/aneie aeecie, ii e i ia nianai i?eyoiuo.
Ia ana, eiia/ii, noaei naeaeaaoueny oieueei a eo/ooth noi?iio. Iaeioi?ua
aeiaieueii iiioey?iua e ethaeiua ia?iaeii oaeai?ia?aiiu auee cae?uou a
aiaeu ia?ano?ieee.
Ei?aiiua ia?aiaiu ianooieee e a i?eioeeia ia?aaea/e iiainoae. A
aeiia?ano?ia/iua aiaeu, neaaey ca auioneaie ioa/anoaaiiuo iiainoae,
iiaei neiaeeoueny aia/aoeaiea, /oi a Niaaoneii Nithca ieeiaaea ia
i?ienoiaeeei e ia i?ienoiaeeo ie/aai iianiiai. Iai anao eaoano?ioao,
i?ienoiaeeaoeo a i?aaeaeao NNN?, noa?aoaeueii oiae/eaaee. Niiauaeinue i
ieo oieueei a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea aaeaeo ianoiyoaeuenoa, ia
i?aaenoaaeyeinue aiciiaeiui ne?uoue io iauanoaaiiinoe eioi?iaoeeth i
oaeii i?ienoanoaee.
Eiaiii a aiaeu ia?ano?ia/iie «Iieeoeee aeaniinoe» nenoaia iiaea/e
eioi?iaoeee a iiainoiuo oaeaia?aaea/ao eciaieeanue. Iia noaea ai?acaei
aieaa iieii io?aaeaoue aeaenoaeoaeueioth ?aaeueiinoue. A a ?aaeueiinoe a
Niaaoneii Nithca auee ana oa aea yaeaiey aio?iiiaaiiiai, oaoiiaaiiiai e
i?e?iaeiiai oa?aeoa?a, /oi e a ae?oaeo no?aiao ie?a.
Ia ana a aeecie ?onneie eioaeeeaaioeee, iaeiaei, eciaieeinue a eo/ooth
noi?iio. Na?ueaciue o?ii aue iaianai i?aaenoaaeoaeyi eioaeeeaaioeee ec
iaoee. Iaeiie ec oa?aeoa?iuo /a?o iiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee noaei
cia/eoaeueiia nie?auaiea oeiaine?iaaiey iaoee. Ainoaea?noai ia?anoaei
ii/oe iieiinoueth n/eoaoue iaoeo cia/eiui oaeoi?ii ?acaeoey no?aiu. Yoi
i?eaaei e anaiauaio i?aiaa?aaeaieth e iaoea aiiaua e e o/aiui a
/anoiinoe.
Nieaeaiea oeiaine?iaaiey iaoee i?eaaei e aa oaeoe/aneiio iaieuaieth. I?e
/ai i?iecioei yoi ia oieueei n ea/anoaaiiie, ii oae aea e n
eiee/anoaaiiie noi?iiu. O?iaaiue ca?ieaou iao/iuo nio?oaeieeia oiae aei
aanueia ieceie ioiaoee. Einioeinue yoi eae ieaaeoaai iao/iiai ninoaaa,
oae e oao, eoi oaea ia iaeei aiae naiae iineaeinoeoooneie aeecie
iinayoee iaoea.
Iaeiei ec yeaiaioia ia?iaeiiai oai?/anoaa yaeyaony ni/eiaiea aiaeaeioia.
E yoio aeae ia?iaeiiai oai?/anoaa, iiaeaeoe, eae ieeaeie ae?oaie auno?i
?aaae?oao ia iaaaoeaiua eciaiaiey a aeecie no?aiu.
A aiaeu ia?ano?ieee a nayce n iaieuaieai iaoee, ?iaeeeny oaeie aiaeaeio:
«I?ioanni? Eaaiia n aeaonoaa ia/oae noaoue i?iaeaaoeii. A iaoe aiaeu aai
ia/oa naueanue». Aeaenoaeoaeueii, n oiaiueoaieai oeiainiauo anneaiiaaiee
ec ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa, iiiaea aeaeaei ia iineaaeiea eeoea
iaoee auee i?inoi auioaeaeaiu a?ineoue ethaeioth ?aaioo e oeoe,
iai?eia?, a oi?aiaeth.
Neeaaeuaaeanue oaeay neooaoeey, /oi i?inoie ?yaeiaie ?aai/ee,
caieiaaoeeny iaeaaeeoeoee?iaaiiui o?oaeii, iieo/ae ca?aaioioth ieaoo
aieaa aunieoth, /ai iiiaea iao/iua nio?oaeieee n aeeieiiaie aunoeo
o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee. Ianiiiaiii, ?aai/ea i?ioannee iaiaoiaeeiu ethaie
no?aia, ethaiio iauanoao, ii aaaeue iaeuecy i?aoiaiueoaoue e ?ieue
eiaeaia?iuo i?ioannee. Iai?eia?, oiea?ue (iaeaaeeoeoee?iaaiiue ?aai/ee)
ioaeiue nio?oaeiee. Aac oiea?y iaeiio aoaeao ?aaioaoue ia noaiea, a,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia aoaeao aeaoaeae aeey iaoaie/aneeo i?eai?ia. Ii aac
eiaeaia?a, niiniaiiai i?ioanneiiaeueii ni?iaeoe?iaaoue noaiie, oiea?th
ia ia /ai aoaeao ?aaioaoue. Anee aeaaea aoaeao nioiy oiea?ae, ii ia
aoaeao noaiea, ia aoaeao oiai, eoi niiniaai aai i?eaeoiaoue e
ni?iaeoe?iaaoue, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey iaoeiino?ieoaeueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe
aeaoaeae oaeaea ia aoaeao.
Ia naiii aeaea, i/aiue o?oaeii onoaiiaeoue eaeay aea eaoaai?ey i?ioannee
aieaa aaaeia aeey iauanoaa e no?aiu – eiaeaia?iay eee ?aai/ay. Oioy,
ai?i/ai, yoi aanniuneaiii e iuoaoueny naeaeaoue. Yoe aeaa eaoaai?ee, eae
iieacuaaao auoaiienaiiue i?eia?, ia iiaoo nouanoaiaaoue ?acaeaeueii. Aac
ia?aie – iao aoi?ie, e iaiai?io.
Eiaaea ieii/aoaeueii iiaeiyee «aeaeaciue caiaaan» e i?ioeaaeo?a auacaea
ec Niaaoneiai nithca oi?inoeeanue, iieeoeea iaaieiaiey e iaoea i?eaaea e
a?aiaeeiciie yiea?aoeee aaaeoueo iao/iuo nio?oaeieeia ca a?aieoeo.
Yiea?aoeey aeinoeaea oaeanathueo ?acia?ia. A enoi?eth iia aioea eae
«ooa/ea iicaia».
No?aia iioa?yea eieinnaeueiua iannu auniei eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo
niaoeeaeenoia e oaeanathua ia?iiiia iiiaeanoai naiuo ia?aaeiauo iao/iuo
?ac?aaioie. Iiiaea iao/iua ioe?uoey ieacaeenue niaa?oaiii «iaioaeiuie»
Niaaoneiio Nithco. Iaeiaei, caiaaeiua no?aiu, eoaea oaoaee iaoe o/aiua,
caa?aa n niaie naie ?ac?aaioee, ioioii i?eiyee eo e auaeaeeee ?onneei
niaoeeaeenoai n?aaenoaa ia aeaeueiaeoaa i?iaeaeaeaiea oaeeo ?ac?aaioie.
Ec anaai /enea oiaaeaoieo yiea?aioia eeoue iaaieueoay /anoue iieeioea
NNN? ec eaeaeiuo oaaaeaeaiee eee aeaaiaai aeaeaiey aeeoue a ae?oaie
no?aia. Aieueoeinoai aea auioaeaeaii auei oaoaoue. Ethaee, eioi?ua
iinayoeee naith aeeciue iaoea, ca/anooth i?inoi ia iiaee inoaaaoueny ia
?iaeeia. Iaeiie i?e/eiie neoaeeei oi, /oi eo o?oaeu auee caeanue ieeiio
ia ioaeiu, aeaaea i?eioeei «iaoea – ?aaee iaoee» oaeoe/anee aue
iecaaaeai e ieieioio. Aoi?ie i?e/eiie aue, ianiiiaiii, iaoa?eaeueiue
aniaeo. Ia?aaeei iao/iua nio?oaeieee n o?oaeii iiaee i?iei?ieoueny naie,
a oae i oii, /oiau iaania/eaaoue naiuee iiaeii aeaaea ia aiai?eoue.
Iiiaea ethaee, iieeioaoea ec-ca ioaeaeu a oi a?aiy Niaaoneee Nithc, aei
neo ii? neo/atho ii ?iaeeia, ii a neeo ana oiai aea iaoa?eaeueiiai
aii?ina ii-i?aaeiaio ia iiaoo aa?iooueny aeiiie.
A?yae ee eoi-oi iinii?eo n oai, /oi oaeia i?aiaa?aaeeoaeueiia ioiioaiea
a Niaaoneii Nithca a aiaeu ia?ano?ieee e iaoea, i?eianei no?aia aanueia
iaaaoeaiua ieiaeu. Iiiaeanoai iao/iuo ?ac?aaioie, iaoaaeoeo iaoe?iia
i?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea a ca/anooth niaa?oaiii ?acee/iuo iaeanoyo
/aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?eiaaeeaaeeo iaoei o/aiui. Aieaa oiai, iie
auee nicaeaiu aua a NNN?, e «ooee» io ian aianoa n «auioaeaeaiiuie
ia?anaeaioeaie».
Oiio nouanoaoao iaiaei y?eeo i?eia?ia. Eaca?iua oaoiieiaee, eioi?ua
nae/an eniieuecothony a auoo iiaeaaeythuei aieueoeinoaii
oeeaeeeciaaiiiai ianaeaiey ieaiaou, auee ?ac?aaioaiu aua a Niaaoneii
Nithca iaoei o/aiui I?ioi?iaui. Oiaaea aai o?oaeu ia aucaaee o
niaaoneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa ieeaeiai eioa?ana. A aio caiaaeiua eiiiaiee
aeeai ooaaoeeenue ca yoe ?ac?aaioee. Nia?aiaiiua aeaeai-ieaa?u,
eiiiuethoa?iua i?eaiaeu aeey /oaiey aeeneia e iiiaia ae?oaia, /oi
eiaaony nae/an ii/oe a eaaeaeii aeiia e oaea noaei aeey ian aiieia
i?eau/iui, ieacaeinue aiciiaeiui nicaeaoue aeaaiaea?y ioe?uoeyi
I?ioi?iaa. Any yoa oaoieea anoue nae/an e a ?innee. Ii iu auioaeaeaiu
iieoiaoue aa o caiaaea. Iieoiaoue oi, /oi eiaaea-oi ioaeaee aeaaea ia ca
a?io, a aea?ii. E?oiiua caiaaeiua eiiiaiee ca?aaaouaatho nioie ieeeeiiia
aeieea?ia aaeaaiaeii, aeaaiaea?y oaeaoiinoe niaaoneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa,
oionoeaoaai a naia a?aiy ii enoeia aaaeiia iao/iia ioe?uoea.
Aua iaeiei e?ani/iui i?eia?ii aunooiaao oai?ey, ?ac?aaioaiiay iieiaeui
?onneei o/aiui. A oi a?aiy, eiaaea aiaiiua i?aaiecaoeee iiiaeo no?ai
a?aceee ia/oie i naiieaoa-iaaeaeeiea, oai?ey, iicaieyaoay nicaeaoue
oaeie naiieao auea ?ac?aaioaia a Niaaoneii Nithca. Ii, eae iiiaea
ae?oaea, ia caeioa?aniaaea ieeiai, e?iia naiiai aaoi?a. *aeiaae,
niaa?oeaoee noieue na?ueaciia ioe?uoea, aue oaeaea auioaeaeai
yiea?e?iaaoue a Aia?eeo. Oai oai?eae aeoeaii caeioa?aniaaeenue a Oe?O. N
oiai iiiaioa ia/aeinue nicaeaiea naiieaoa-iaaeaeeiee.
Eiaaea naiieao, iieo/eaoee iacaaiea Steals (a ia?aaiaea n aiaeeeneiai
«ne?uoue») eee na?eeiia iaeiaiiaaiea F-117 oaeaeinue neiino?oe?iaaoue,
yoi noaei aeaaioneei i?i?uaii a iaeanoe naiieaoino?iaiey. Ia oii iiiaio
aiaeiaia Noyena ia auei ie o iaeiie no?aiu. F-117 auno?i iinoaaeee ia
aii?oaeaiea a AAN NOA. Aeieaia a?aiy yoe naiieaou iaaiaeeee oaean ia
iioaioeeaeueiuo i?ioeaieeia Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia. Ie iaeia nouanoaiaaaoay
oiaaea ?aaeeieieaoeeiiiay nenoaia ia iiaea caoeene?iaaoue i?aauaaiey
Noyena a aicaeooiii i?ino?ainoaa.
Niaaeeiaiiua Ooaou i?aaeiieaaaee eniieueciaaoue Noyenu aeey aeinoaaee
yaea?iuo aiaaieiaie. A iineaaenoaee io yoie eaeae ioeacaeenue, eae io ia
ninoiyoaeueiie. Nionoy iaeioi?ia a?aiy oio aea niaaoneee o/aiue,
iieo/eaoee i?eciaiea a NOA, ?ac?aaioae oai?eth, i?ioeaiiieiaeioth oie,
ia eioi?ie aace?oaony Noyen. Iiaay oai?ey iicaieyea nicaeaoue
?aaeeieieaoeeiiiua noaioeee, eioi?ua iiaee au iaia?oaeeaaoue Noaen.
Ia niio?y ia oi, /oi nae/an oaea nouanoaotho niiniau iaia?oaeaiey
ciaiaieoiai, e niaeaeaieth, aia?eeaineiai naiieaoa-iaaeaeeiee Noyen, yoe
eaoaoaeueiua aiia?aou aei neo ii? noiyo ia aii?oaeaiee a AAN NOA.
A 1999 aiaeo i?iecioae iaauaaeue neo/ae. Iaeei na?aneee ioeoea? aiene
i?ioeaiaicaeooiie iai?iiu i?ineaaeeny ia aanue ie?. Ia noa?ie aiaiiie
oaoieea, ia iicaieyaoae iaia?oaeeaaoue naiieaou na?ee F-117, aio
oaeaeinue naeoue iaeei ec Noaenia. Iiainoue i iaauaaeii neo/aa
i?ia?aiaea ia aanue ie? – ia noieueei iaiau/iui noaei yoi niauoea.
Aiaeiaia Noyena ia nouanoaiaaei aeieaia a?aiy ie a iaeiie no?aia. E yoi
iaeaiueeia ainiiaenoai a /anoe aicaeooiiai i?ino?ainoaa aeinoaeinue
Niaaeeiaiiui Ooaoai. A aaaeue iiaei auoue o Niaaoneiai Nithca. Ii
oiaaeaoiaa i?aaeoaeuenoai NNN? iin/eoaei iiaoth oai?eth i/a?aaeiie /enoi
iao/iie e niaa?oaiii ia eioa?aniie n i?aeoe/aneie oi/ee c?aiey
aeiioacie.
Ae?oaie ianooaaiie iao/iie ?ac?aaioeie noae einie/aneee aiia?ao «Ao?ai».
Ii i?eioeeieaeueii ioee/aeny naiae eiino?oeoeeae io eniieueciaaaoeony a
oi a?aiy, a oeaeyo inaiaiey einie/aneiai i?ino?ainoaa, ?aeao.
Eiino?oeoi?neee ieai «Ao?aia» aue i?aaeeiaeai auaeathueiny ?onneei
o/aiui Ei?ieaaui eae ?ac a 1980-o aiaeao. Ii ia/aeo i?iaeo aue
iiaeaea?aeai niaaoneei i?aaeoaeuenoaii. Aiaeiaa ?ac?aaioeai «Ao?aia» ia
auei ie o eiai a ie?a. Aeaaea Niaaeeiaiiua Ooaou Aia?eee ia eiaee ie
/aai iiaeiaiiai. I?aaeoaeuenoai Niaaoneiai Nithca eaeia-oi a?aiy
oeiaine?iaaei ?acaeoea i?iaeoa «Ao?ai».
*a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy Ei?ieaao ioeacaee a oeiaine?iaaiee aeaeueiaeoaai
?acaeoey i?iaeoa. Ioeac aue iainiiaai i?eiyoui ?aoaieai, /oi no?aia
einie/aneee ei?aaeue «Ao?ai» ia ioaeai.
Aia?aiy iiaenoaoeeanue ?acaaaeea Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia. Au?aaeaynue
i?inoui ycueii, NOA i?inoi oe?aee ?inneeneoth ?ac?aaioeo. Ia iniiaa
/a?oaaeae eiino?oeoi?neiai ath?i Ei?ieaaa, aia?eeaineay einie/aneay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue, aiany naie iaaieueoea ei??aeoeau, nicaeaea ciaiaieoua
ia aanue ie? einie/aneea ei?aaee «Oaooe». Ii ii nooe aeaea, aia?eeaineee
«Oaooe» – yoi iao, niaaoneee, ?inneeneee «Ao?ai».
I/aiue iiiai niaaoneeo iao/iuo ?ac?aaioie oaeiai aea aieueoiai cia/aiey,
eae «Ao?ai», naiieao-iaaeaeeiea, e aieaa iaeiai cia/aiey, «ooaeei» a
ae?oaea no?aiu.
Iaeioi?uo o/aiuo, oaoaaoeo a aiaeu ia?ano?ieee ca a?aieoeo e caa?aaoeo n
niaie ooaea cia/eiua iao/iua ?ac?aaioee, iacuaaee iicaea i?aaeaoaeyie
?iaeeiu. Ii anee iiniio?aoue iauaeoeaii, naia ainoaea?noaaiiay aeanoue
ia?ano?ia/iie ?innee auioaeeea eo niaa?oeoue oaeie oaa.
I/aiue aieueoay /anoue oaeeo iao/iuo aeayoaeae ioe?uoi cayaeyao i naiai
niaeaeaiee, /oi eo ?aaiou ia caoioaee i?eiyoue ai aieiaiea a eo ?iaeiie
no?aia. O/aiua aiai?yo, /oi, eiia/ii, iie i?aaeii/ee au inoaoueny a
naiae no?aia, e ?aaioaoue a naiae no?aia.
A aiaeu ia?ano?ieee ia iao/iie io?anee no?aiu ii/oe /oi iinoaaeee e?ano.
Iiieii ?aceiai nie?auaiey oeiaine?iaaiey ?acee/iiai ?iaea iao/iuo
i?iaeoia, i?ioee ianeieueei aiei ianniauo nie?auaiee. «Aueaoaee» ni
naieo iano, eae ieaaeoea iao/iua nio?oaeieee, oae e i?ioanni?a n
nieeaeiui noaaeai.
Oaeia ioiioaiea ?ani?ino?aiyeinue ia oieueei ia aieaa aeaeaeea io
?aaeueiinoe, eae n/eoaeinue a oi a?aiy, iao/iua io?anee, ii e ia
io?aneue, eioi?ay yaeyaony iaeiie ec aaaeiaeoeo «a?oa?ee» ethaie no?aiu
– aiaiii-i?iiuoeaiiue eiiieaen. Ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, ?aaioaaoeo a iaeanoe
iai?iiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, i?ioiaeeee ianooaaiua nie?auaiey ooaoia. ?acei
auei o?acaii oeiaine?iaaiea iai?iiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe a oeaeii.
Auee cae?uou iaeioi?ua iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneea einoeooou. A aunoaa
ia?aciaaiea noaei no?aieoaeueii iaaeaoue a oeaia.
Oaeia ioiioaiea e io?aneyi iaoee e aa i?aaenoaaeoaeyi i?eaaei e oiio,
/oi iiiaea i?ioanneiiaeueiua o/aiua, eiaeaia?u, eiino?oeoi?u auioaeaeaiu
auee ia?aeaaeeoeoee?iaaoueny a i?inouo ?aai/eo.
Anee aei a?aiai ia?ano?ieee anyeia /anoiia i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai
yaeyeinue i?ioeaicaeiiiui, oi iiaay iieeoeea iicaieeea a?oiiai ethaeae
i?aaieciaaoue naie iaaieueoea i?aaei?eyoey – eiiia?aoeau. Eae ?ac a
eiiia?aoeau e iiaeaeenue iiiaea «nie?auaiiua» iao/iua nio?oaeieee.
Ia ?aaeei aeaaeaeueoeu eiiia?aoeaia (auaoea eiaeaia?u e i?ioanni?a)
iaoiaeeee ia ioni?iuo naaeeao noaiee, ioneoaeeaoea naia, eee iieoiaee eo
ca aanoeaiie i?yii n caaiaeia, ainnoaiaaeeaaee e oaeei ia?acii
iaeaaeeaaee naie iaeaiueeee aecian.
Eae oaea auei neacaii auoa, o?oaeii, a oi e aiiaua iaaiciiaeii,
iaeiicia/ii ii?aaeaeeoue ia neieueei iieiaeeoaeueii ?aoi?iu
ia?ano?ia/iiai eo?na ia «onei?aiea» io?aceeenue ia ?onneie
eioaeeeaaioeee. Neeoeii iaoe?ii naii iiiyoea eioaeeeaaioeee, neeoeii
?acee/iua eaoaai?ee ethaeae iii aeeth/aao a naay.
N iaeiie noi?iiu, «Iieeoeea aeaniinoe» iicaieeea iiiaei i?aaenoaaeoaeyi,
oae iacuaaaiie, «oai?/aneie eioaeeeaaioeee» (ienaoaee, iiyou,
ooaeiaeieee, eeiaiaoia?aou e ae?oaea) acaeioiooue iaeaa/aiii, aueoe ec
oaiiiai iiaeiieuey, e ioe?uoi auneacaoue i naieo acaeyaeao ia aeeciue e
ia nouanoaothuee iieeoe/aneee no?ie. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, auea oieaeaia e
/ooue aiana ia ?acaeaaeaia «iao/iay eioaeeeaaioeey». Ethaee, eioi?ua
aiaeaie iieo/aee ciaiey, iaeiieaiiua i?aaeoanoaaiieeaie, eioi?ua
no?aieeenue e iieo/aieth iiauo ciaiee eaaeaeue a naiae iaeanoe, eioi?ua
ioaeaee iie aeecie, a oi e ii/oe anth aeeciue, ai aeaai oiai, ai /oi
aa?eee – ai aeaai niaaoneie iaoee, ieacaeenue i?inoi iaioaeiuie. E
oaeoe/anee i?ioeann nie?auaiey ooaoia ?aaioieeia iao/iuo io?aneae yaeeny
naiaai ?iaea i?eaiai?ii: «ecaeieoa, ii au caeanue aieueoa ieeiio ia
ioaeiu».
Iiiaea n/eoatho, /oi ia?ano?ieeo iiaeii iacaaoue aa?oaoiie ?aaiethoeeae.
Aiciiaeii, yoi e oae. Aaaeue /oi oaeia ?aaiethoeey? ?aaiethoeey – yoi,
i?aaeaea anaai, ei?aiiua ?aceea ia?aiaiu a aeecie ia?iaea oie no?aiu, a
eioi?ie naa?oaaony ?aaiethoeey. A aa?oaoiay ?aaiethoeey – yoi
?aaiethoeey aac e?iae ia?iaea. Aaniethoii aane?iaiie ?aaiethoeee a oii
eee eiii niunea ia auaaao. Anee a oiaea ?aaiethoeee e ia i?ienoiaeeo
a?aaeaeaineie aieiu iaeiie /anoe ia?iaea n ae?oaie, oi ana ?aaii e?iaue
a i?yiii eee ia?aiiniii niunea i?ieeaaaony.
I?ioeann ia?ano?ieee oa?aeoa?ecoaony no?aieoaeueiinoueth e
ea?aeeiaeueiinoueth. Ia?ano?ia/iua ?aoi?iu a aeecie Niaaoneiai Nithca, a
eiioea eiioeia, i?eaaee e aioea?aieth a noaia i?aaeaia?oe/aneiai
ninoiyiey. *oi a eoiaa yaeeinue i?e/eiie ?acaaea Nithca Niaaoneeo
Nioeeaeenoe/aneeo ?anioaeee.
Nouanoaoao, iaeiaei, iiaiea, /oi ia ia?ano?ieea i?eaaea e ?aniaaeo NNN?,
a iac?aaathuee ?aniaae i?eaae e ia?ano?ieea. Nae/an, iaaa?iia, o?oaeii
noaeeoue ia yoii noii?ioeaioii iauaeoeaii. Enoi?e/aneay iaoea
i?aaenoaaeyao ia?iiiue eioa?an aeey iieeoeee. A iacaaeneiinoe io no?iy
i?eiyoiai a ainoaea?noaa, iieeoeea aeeyao ia enoi?e/aneia io?aaeaiea
niauoee. Iiiaea o/aiua-enoi?eee ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi aeeyiea iieeoeee ia
io?aaeaiea e eioa?i?aoaoeeth enoi?e/aneeo oaeoia ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia
iineaaeiea aeaanoe eao. Oae a XIX aaea iieeoece?iaaia auea enoi?ey XVII
– XVIII aaeia. Anee enoiaeeoue ec yoiai oaaaeaeaiey, iiaeii naeaeaoue
auaiae, /oi iiaeeeiiua oaeou ia?ano?ieee ioe?ithony iai ia ?aiueoa 2200
aiaea.
Iieeoe/aneia aeeyiea ia enoi?e/aneoth iaoeo, ianiiiaiii, ia iiaeeaaeeo
niiiaieth. Aaaeue enoi?eth o/eo ian ia i?inoi oiio, /oi auei ?aiueoa, ii
e eae ecaaaeaoue iiaoi?aiey iaeie e oao aea ioeaie a aoaeouai. Ioeaea,
ii nooe, yoi iaaa?iia aeaenoaea, i?eaaaeoaa e iaaaoeaiui iineaaenoaeyi,
aianoi iaeeaeaaiuo iiceoeaiuo. A oae eae iiceoeaiinoue iineaaenoaee
ioeaiea noaoai noauaeoeaiay, oi iaeii e oiaea niauoea, iaeii e oiaea
iineaaenoaea, ?aciuie ethaeueie, ?aaii eae e ?aciie aeanoueth, iiaeao
i?eciaaaoueny eae e?aeia iaaaoeaiui, oae e e?aeia iiceoeaiui, eee aiiaua
ieeaeei. Iiyoiio enoi?e/aneay iaoea – iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo iieeoe/aneeo
eino?oiaioia.
Iaeaeii, eiia/ii, /oi i?eoiaeeoueny i/aiue aeieai aeaeaoue, iiea eoi-oi
?aoeo, /oi iiaeii, iaeiiaoe, ?anneacaoue ethaeyi i?aaaeo i oii eee eiii
niauoee a aeecie eo i?aaeeia eee eo naieo. Anee aiiaua yoio eoi-oi
i?eaeao e oaeiio auaiaeo. I?e ?acee/iuo iieeoe/aneeo ?aaeeiao aeeyiea ia
enoi?e/aneoth iaoeo a iniiaiii auaaao aeaoo aeaeia – iaiin?aaenoaaiiie
aeeeoaoo?u e iie/aeeaiai nie?uoey enoeiiuo oaeoia.
Aeeeoaoi?neee niinia aicaeaenoaey ia enoi?eth e enoi?eeia naiue i?inoie.
Ii i?enou oioaeeoa?iui ainoaea?noaai, ainoaea?noaai n aeeeoaoi?neei
?aaeeiii i?aaeaiey. Yoio niinia aicaeaenoaey caeeth/aaony a i/aiue
i?inouo oi?ioee?iaeao: «yoi ia ienaoue», «yoi ienaoue», «yoi ioaeii
iiieiaoue oae…», «a ia yoii aeaaea ia caeeaeny». Aeeeoaoi?neee niinia
iniiaai ia i?yiuo iaaeaoniuneaiiuo i?eeacao. Enoi?eee iieo/atho i?eeacu
i oii, eae ei naiei ioaeii iiieiaoue enoi?e/aneea niauoey e eae
i?aiiaeiineoue eo ae?oaei. Anee iie iiiuoathony i?ioeainoiyoue
«i?eeaco», a eo/oai neo/aa ieeoi aieueoa ia iaia/aoaao ie iaeiie no?i/ee
yoiai aaoi?a. Oaeie niinia i?eiaiyeny e a ?innee a aeiia?ano?ia/iua
aiaeu, a iniaaiii i?e noaeeineii ?aaeeia.
Aeaai, /oi a iaoae nia?aiaiiie ?innee aeeeoaoi?neee niinia ia iiaeao
auoue i?eiaiai. Niinia iie/aeeaiai nie?uoey oaeoia aaeeinoaaiii
aiciiaeiue aeey eniieueciaaiey a iaoae no?aia i?e iuiaoiai iieeoe/aneii
ono?ienoaa iaoaai ainoaea?noaa. Ii e ai?acaei aoiaiiaa, aea e ai?acaei
oiiaa. Iaoaiaeiua i?aaeoaeuenoao oaeou i?inoi oae?athony a aeieaee
cae?uoue yuee. Ieeiio ia aiai?yo, /oi «yoi» auei e iiieiaoue aai ioaeii
«oae». I?inoi ieeoi aiana ia ciaao, /oi «yoi» eiaei ianoi auoue. A /oi
eanaaony aeinooiiuo oaeoia, eioi?ua iiaeii enoieeiaaoue ii-?aciiio, oi e
caeanue aeanoue iinooiaao ?acoiii. Aeanoue i?ae?anii ciaao, /oi ia?iae
iniciaao iaaiciiaeiinoue i?eiyoey ca aeaiiinoue ioeaieo eaeiai-eeai
oaeoa, aeaaea i/aiue aaoi?eoaoiui /aeiaaeii. Iaeioi?ay aeiey
noauaeoeaiinoe i?enoonoaoao a ethaie ioeaiea. A eaaeaeiio /aeiaaeo
inoaaony eeoue aeey naay naeaeaoue auai? niaeaneoueny aio n yoie
ioeaieie eee iao. Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeiaiia i?aaenoaaeyao aeey aeanoe ia
cia/eoaeueioth oa?ico, iiaeii neacaoue ie/oiaeioth.
Aiciiaeii, iai aua aeieai i?eaeaony aeaeaoue, iiea iai ia ioe?itho anth
i?aaaeo, io anee ia iai anae ia?ano?ieea, oi oioy au i aa /anoe. Iiea
aea iu iiaeai noaeeoue eeoue ii oai oaeoai, eioi?ua aeaeei naie.
Iiaeaiaey eoia, iiaeii ia aii?in, iinoaaeaiiue a ia/aea, «/oi e a eaeoth
noi?iio eciaieeinue a aeecie eioaeeeaaioeee a aiaeu ia?ano?ieee»,
ioaaoeoue oae: eciaieeinue ii/oe ana; eoi-oi i?aoa?iae eciaiaiey e a
naiai aioo?aiiai ie?a, eiio-oi oaeaeinue nio?aieoue aai oaeei, eaeei ii
aue; iaeuecy ioaaoeoue ia aii?in i noaiaie iiceoeaiinoe i?iecioaaeoeo
ia?aiai, aiai?y iai anae ?onneie eioaeeeaaioeee a oeaeii, iioiio /oi
aeey iaeieo aa /anoae aeeciue eciaieeanue a eo/ooth, a aeey ae?oaeo e a
ooaeooth, aei oaeie noaiaie, /oi ethaee iioneaeenue ia naiia aeii
iauanoaa, noaiiaynue aeeiaieeeaie.
Iaeiicia/ai eeoue auaiae, /oi iaeuecy eaoaai?e/ii ii?aaaeaoue eee
inoaeeoue iieeoeeo niaaoneie aeanoe ia?ano?ia/iuo aiaeia, a ioiioaiee
eioaeeeaaioeee. Iia i?eianea e naie ieioea ieiaeu, ii e oi?ioeo ieiaeia
ia eeoeea.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
1) «Ioa/anoaaiiay enoi?ey», 2002 a., A.A. Aaieia, I.A. Eenaeaaa, A.E.
Eiceia, A.I. O?oo, I.A. *a?iiieoeeee.
2) «Enoi?ey ?innee», 2004 a., A.A. Ethaneee e ae?.; EOe «Ia?O»
3) «Enoi?ey ?innee», 2002 a., A.N. I?eia, A.A. Aai?aeaa, I.A. Aai?aeaaa,
O.A. Neaioeia; Iineaa
4) «Ioa/anoaaiiay enoi?ey», O/aaiia iiniaea, 2002 a., A.E. Eiceia, A.A.
Ei?aiaaneee, I.A. Ieieieia, ss.A. Ia?aoia, I.A. Naia?eia, I.A.
Noa?eeiaa, I.A. ?acie/aiei, A.A. Ua?aeia; Iineaa
5) «Nieaeaieoeui», AEi?ae Ieaa, Iineaa, 1992 a.
6) Iaoa?eaeu iaeioi?uo o/aaiuo e iao/iuo eioa?iao-?ano?nia:
a)www.5balloff.ru – «Eioaeeeaaioeey e eoeueoo?a ?innee»
a)www.nationalism.org – «Eioaeeeaaioeey eae nioeeaeueiue oaiiiai»
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