Хроника классовой борьбы в Эстонии

O?IIEEA EEANNIAIE AI?UeAU A YNOIIEE

1902-1941

Iinayuaaony A.Eeiaenaiio

I?aaeeneiaea. Yoa ?aaioa, iciaeiieo /eoaoaey ni iiiaeie oaeoaie
?aaiethoeeiiiie ai?ueau ?aai/aai eeanna Ynoiiee ai aeaaa ni naiei
aaaiaa?aeii EIY. O?oaeai aue eo iooue. Auee nia/aea iaaeieae eo iiaaaeu,
ii i?ieaey /a?ac nia?oue naieo oiaa?euae, eaoi?ae, eaaa?y, /a?ac ieaiy
a?aaeaeaineie aieiu, /a?ac iaiaoeeoth ieeoiaoeeth e eo noaaeaiieeia ai
aeaaa n iuiaoiei aa?iai ao?aeoaciie Ynoiiee – Iyonii, iie i?eoee e
iiaaaea, e iiaaaea Niaaoneie aeanoe!

1902

A 1902-ii aiaeo iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii I.E. Eaeeieia auee nicaeaiu
nioeeae-aeaiie?aoe/aneea e?oaeee ia aaaiiino?ieoaeueiii caaiaea
«Aeaeaaoaeue», oaia?iie oaa?eee Ethoa?a e ia ae?oaeo i?iiuoeaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoeyo Oaeeeia. Auea i?aaieciaaiia iiaeiieueiay oeiia?aoey, aaea
ia/aoaeenue ?aaiethoeeiiiua eenoiaee e i?ieeaiaoeee, a oaeaea
?aciiiaeaeenue noaouee ec eaieineie «Ene?u».

A eiioea aiaea ec i?aaenoaaeoaeae nioeeae-aeaiie?aoe/aneeo e?oaeeia
i?aaieciaai «Oeaio?aeueiue ?aai/ee e?oaeie».

1904

Nicaeai Oaeeeiineee eiieoao ?NAe?I.

1905

A eiioea ia?oa ninoiyeinue iaeaaaeueiia ?anoe?aiiia canaaeaiea
Oaeeeiineiai eiieoaoa ?NAe?I n o/anoeai ?aai/eo i?aaenoaaeoaeae io
oaa?ee e caaiaeia.

16 ieoya?y ia Iiaii ?uiea Oaeeeiia oea?neea aeanoe ?anno?aeyee
aaci?oaeiuo ?aai/eo. Yoa aeaoa iauyaeaia Aeiai iaiyoe e e iae
i?eo?i/eaaee auione eenoiaie, i?iaiaeeeenue iieeoe/aneea noa/ee e
nia?aiey ?aai/eo.

A ?aai/ai i?eai?iaea Oaeeeia ninoiyeny ieoeia, iinea eioi?iai
aeaiiino?aoeey aeaeioeanue e oeaio?o ai?iaea ia ieiuaaeue Iiaue ?uiie,
ii auea ano?a/aia iaiai iieeoeee. Ieiei aeaayiinoa /aeiaae iiaeaei,
aeaanoe ?aiaii. *a?ac /aou?a aeiy ninoiyeenue iioi?iiu aea?oa yoie
aa?aa?neie aeoeee. Aeaaaeoeaoue ouny/ /aeiaae oei a o?ao?iie i?ioeannee.
Ia a?aoneie iiaeea iinoaaeee i?inoie aea?aayiiue e?ano n iaaeienueth ia
iaoaeee/aneie ieanoeia: «Neaaa iiaeaoei!».

25 ieoya?y Anaiauay caaanoiaea ?aai/eo. Oae aanoothuea a Ia?aa i?iaaee
aieueooth iieeoe/aneoth aeaiiino?aoeeth. Ai aeaaa iiiaiouny/iie eieiiiu
aeaiiino?aioia oea n e?aniui oeaaii, noa?inoa e?aiaieueioeaa,
aieueoaae/ea, A. E?aenaa?a. A oio aea aa/a? iia i?iecianea ia?aae
?aai/eie, nia?aaoeieny a iiiauaiee iauanoaa o?acainoe, ieaiaiioth ?a/ue,
i?ecuaay iiaeiyoueny ia ?aoeoaeueioth ai?ueao i?ioea oea?neiai
i?iecaiea.

I iieiaeaiee a ai?iaea ianoiue iieeoeaeneee ia/aeueiee aeiiinee a naiae
oaeaa?aiia a Iaoa?ao?a: «Nae/an ia/aee caaanoiaeo ana oaa?eee e caaiaeu
Ia?au, ?aai/ea oiaeyo n e?aniuie ciaiaiaie, o?aaotho iiauoaiey
ca?aaioiie ieaou e 8 /aniaiai ?aai/aai aeiy, aanoothueo aieaa 10000,
aienei a aiaaie aioiaiinoe».

1 iiya?y ii aanoothuei ioe?uo iaiiue, iaeei ?aai/ee oaeo.

27-29 iiya?y a Oa?oo ninoiyeinue Anaynoiineia nia?aiea ia?iaeiuo
i?aaenoaaeoaeae. Oeaeue i?iaaaeaiey nia?aiey – ioaea/ue o?oaeyueony io
?aaiethoeeiiiie ai?ueau, ii 500 ec 800 –o auee i?aaenoaaeoaeyie
aaaeiaeoaai e?anoueyinoaa, ?aai/eo e ?aaeeeaeueiie eioaeeeaaioeee,
?aaiethoeeiiii-aeaiie?aoe/aneeo acaeyaeia. Iie ioiaaeaaaeenue io
noi?iiieeia ao?aeoacee e i?iaaee naia nia?aiea a oieaa?neoaoneii aeoiaii
caea (Aoeaneee nuacae). Iniiaiua o?aaiaaiey nuacaea naiaeeeenue e
neaaeothuaio: ia?aie/aiea iiiaue/ueaai caieaaeaaeaiey, oi?acaeiaiea
i?eaeeaaee iiiaueeia, eiioeneaoeey iiianou?neeo e eacaiiuo caiaeue,
nicaeaiea io?yaeia ia?iaeiie ieeeoeee, ?aaiethoeeiiiuo e?anoueyineeo
eiieoaoia e i?iaicaeaoaiea aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?anioaeeee.

A eiioea iiya?y nicaeai Ia?aneee ai?eii ?NAe?I, a a Oaeeeia nicaeai
Niaao ?aai/eo aeaiooaoia (ieiei 30 /aeiaae). Aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa ?aaioie
Niaaoa eca?aii ath?i ai aeaaa n I. ssiniiii.

Aeaeaa?ue. Aeaeaaaou Aoeaneiai nuacaea i?aaieciaaee ia ianoao ianniaua
nia?aiey o?oaeyueony, aaea ianoaeaeaeenue o?aaiaaiey nuacaea. I?eia?ii a
50 aieinoyo Ynoeyiaeee e Eeoeyiaeee nicaeaiu ?aaiethoeeiiiua eiieoaou
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo ?aai/eo e aea?aaaineie aaaeiiou, noi?ie?iaaiu
io?yaeu ia?iaeiie ieeeoeee.

10 aeaeaa?y a Oaeeeia e Oa?uethneii oacaea aeanoyie aaaaeaii aiaiiia
iieiaeaiea.

19 aeaeaa?y ieiei Aaeecaneie oeieu i?iecioei iaeii ec iaeaieaa
e?iaii?ieeoiuo noieeiiaaiee iaaeaeo ia?iaeiie ieeeoeeae e ea?aoaeueiui
io?yaeii. Oaeoi ieiei aeanyoea ?aaiethoeeiia?ia, inoaeueiua ionooieee n
aiyie a eana, e iicaeiaa ia?ai?aaeeenue ca a?aieoeo.

Aeaiooao io aaeecaneeo e?anoueyi I. Aeonai, eae aeaaiue i?aaiecaoi?
e?anoueyineiai ainnoaiey cai/ii i?eaiai?ai e nia?oe, a 14 yiaa?y 1906
aiaea ea?aoaeueiue io?yae aa?iia ?aiiaieaiioa naeaa aai oooi? e o/eiee
aeanoieoth ?ani?aao iaae aai aeaiie, aneaaenoaea /aai iia anei?a oia?ea.

A eiioea aeaeaa?y 1905 aiaea aeanoyie aue ecaeai oeac i naea/a
ianaeaieai anaai eiathuaainy o iaai iaiano?aeueiiai i?oaeey. Ouny/e
?oaeae, aeioiaie auee neiaeaiu a aeaaioneoth ie?aieaeo ia eueaeo
Aeeueneaeeeneiai ica?a e niaeaeaiu.

1906

A ia/aea aiaea aneaaenoaea iia?iiia ?aai/eo i?aaiecaoeee e iiauo
ianniauo a?anoia Oaeeeineee Niaao ?aai/eo aeaiooaoia auioaeaeai
i?ae?aoeoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue, aieueoeinoai /eaiia Niaaoa
a?anoiaaii.

Ai?aeue. Iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii Oaeeeineiai eiieoaoa ?NAe?I nicaeai
Oaeeeineee Niaao aac?aaioiuo (nae?aoa?ue A. Aiion). Niaao iio?aaiaae io
ai?iaeneie aeoiu i?aaiecaoeee aeey aac?aaioiuo iauanoaaiiuo ?aaio,
i?iaiaeee nai? iiaea?oaiaaiee a iieueco ioaeaeathueony. A eiioea 1906
aiaea Niaao ?aciaiai (aeanoe iin/eoaee aai iianiui), a nae?aoa?ue
auneai.

12 iay 1906 aiaea a ssiao?aneii ainieoaea oia?ea caio/aiiay oea?neeie
nao?aiaie a ssiao?aneie oth?ueia -noa?inoa E?aiaieueineie iaiooaeoo?u,
/eai Ia?aneiai ai?eiia ?NAe?I – oiaa?eu A. E?aenaa?a. Eiaaea aa i?ao
ia?aaiceee a Ia?ao, ?aai/ea ono?ieee a?aiaeeicioth aeaiiino?aoeeth,
iai?aaeaiioth i?ioea naiiaea?aeaaey, ii aei?iaa a ai?iae ia eieiiio
?aai/eo iaiaea iieeoeey e aieineay /anoue; ioia?aa a?ia n oaeii, iie
iiianoeee aai iiae oneeaiiie io?aiie a oea?eae. E oieueei ia neaaeothuee
aeaiue, eiaaea ia oaa?eeao ia/aeanue ?aaioa, auei ?ac?aoaii i?aaeaoue
oaei caiea.

Aaaono. Niaauaiea naeueneeo i?aaiecaoeee ?NAe?I, eioi?ia i?ioiaeeei a
Naeoneie aieinoe (aeec Oaeeeia), niaauaiea iaeia?eei ieaooi?io
aieueoaaeeia.

1907

A 1907-1908 aiaeu i?iecioei aicieeiiaaiea nioeeaeenoe/aneeo nithcia
ynoiineeo ?aai/eo, a oaeaea iiaeiaiuo iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee a NOA
(Iueth-Ei?e, Nai-O?aioeenei e ae?. ai?iaeao NOA). A eiioea 1908 aiaea
yoe nithcu iauaaeeiaiu a aaeeioth nioeeaeenoe/aneoth i?aaiecaoeeth e aue
nicaeai aa OeE, a ninoaa eioi?ie aioee I.ssinii e ?yae ae?oaeo
nioeeae-aeaiie?aoia, aaaeaaoeo ec Ynoiiee io i?aneaaeiaaiee ca naith
iieeoe/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue. I?aaieciaaiii ecaeaiea ia ynoiineii ycuea
i?ieaoa?neie aacaou «Oon Eeuei» («Iiaue ie?»), ia?aue iiia? auoae 20
ethiy 1909 aiaea.

1908

ssiaa?ue. Iieeoeey i?iaaea a Oaeeeia ianniaua a?anou ?aai/eo aeoeaenoia.
A?anoiaai ii/oe aanue ninoaa Oaeeeineiai ai?eiia ?NAe?I. Aeaei
?anniao?eaae aiaiiue noae. Iiaenoaeeiui aiaiyeinue a aeio, /oi eo
aeayoaeueiinoue auea iai?aaeaia «e iecaa?aeaieth a ?inneeneii
ainoaea?noaa onoaiiaeaiiiai caeiiaie ia?aca i?aaeaiey n caiaiie aai
aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?anioaeeeie». N yoie oeaeueth, aiai?eeinue a
iaaeieoaeueiii aeoa, iiaenoaeeiua niae?aeenue ia noiaeee e nia?aiey,
eiieoaoneea e ?aeiiiua, ono?aeaaee aeaiaaeiua nai?u ia ioaeaeu ia?oee,
iiaeaea?aeeaaee naycue n OeE ?NAe?I a Iaoa?ao?aa, nicaeaee aeaa
iiaeiieueiua oeiia?aoee, aaea ia/aoaee aacaoo «Aueoeay» ia ynoiineii
ycuea e «?aaaeueneee Aiaiiue eenoie» ia ?onneii, a oaeaea aiccaaiey e
i?ieeaiaoeee.

Ii/oe ana iaaeiyaiua i?eaiai?aiu e iiiaieaoiae eaoi?aa.

1910

Iniiaaii a Ia?aa a?oiiie ?aai/eo, ?aai/aa i?inaaoeoaeueiia iauanoai
«Iauanoai ia?iaeiiai ia?aciaaiey» (nae?aoa?ue, caoai i?aaenaaeaoaeue E.
Eynia?o). A iauanoai a oa/aiee ianeieueeeo ianyoeaa anooieei aieaa 600
/aeiaae, a iniiaiii ?aai/ea. Iaua6noai eiaei naith aeaeeioaeo,
/eoaeueiue cae, ono?aeaaea eaeoeee, e i?aaieciauaaei e?oaeee
naiiaeayoaeueiinoe.

Oea?neeie aeanoyie cae?uo i?ionithciue aeo?iae «O?a» («O?oae»).

1911

Ia?aay iiiuoea iaeaaeeoue a Ia?aa ecaeaiea ?aai/ae aacaou «Ia?aa
ooaeenaae», ia 20-ii iiia?a i?ae?aoeea nouanoaiaaiea ec-ca iaoa?eaeueiuo
o?oaeiinoae e ionoonoaey eeoa?aoo?iuo nee.

A Oaeeeiia, n iiiiuueth ecaeaoaey e i?ieaoa?neiai ienaoaey TH.
Eeeeaiaaoa, i?aaieciaaii ecaeaiea ia?enenoneiai nai?ieea «Iaoa neiai»
(«Iaea nuia»). Aeueiaiao cae?uo iinea auoiaea ia?aie eieaeee, aieueoay
/anoue oe?aaea eiioeneiaaia, ioaaonoaaiiue ?aaeaeoi? ss.Aiaaeueo
i?eaea/ai e noaeaaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe «ca iiaeno?aeaoaeuenoai iaeiiai
eeanna i?ioea ae?oaiai».ss.Aiaaeueo ne?ueny.

1912

15 ethiy a Ia?aa auoae ia?aue iiia? aacaou ynoiineeo aieueoaaeeia «Eee?»
(«Eo/»). Aeoeaiia o/anoea a ecaeaiee aacaou i?eiye A.Eeiaenaii. A eiioea
ia?oa 1914 aiaea ia niaauaiee aeoineie o?aeoeee aieueoaaeeia ianoaeaeai
io/ao i?aaenoaaeoaey aacaou «Eee?». Niaauaiea i?eciaei aacaoo
aieueoaaenoneei i?aaiii e auianei ?aoaiea ia ieacaiee aacaoa
iaoa?eaeueiie iiiiue. ?aoaiea ooaa?aeaeaii ia canaaeaiee OeE ?NAe?I a
ai?aea 1914 aiaea. Aacaoa ieii/aoaeueii cae?uoa aeanoyie 12 (25) ethey
1914 aiaea.

1913

Eaoi. Aniuoioea caaanoiaea ?aai/eo oeaeetheiciie oaa?eee «Aaeueaeaioa»
(Iy?io). Aeey i?iaaaeaiey caaanoiaee ?aai/ea eca?aee noa/eii, eioi?ue
ninoiye ec aieueoaaeeia e i?iaeieaeaea ?aaioaoue e iinea caaanoiaee. Ia
aai iniiaa ioi?ieeny Iy?ioneee eiieoao ?NAe?I.

Inaiue. E ainueiie aiaeiaueia e?iaaaiai ceiaeayiey ia Iiaii ?uiea
oaeeeiineea aieueoaaeee iiaeaioiaeyee Anaiauoth iieeoe/aneoth
caaanoiaeo. Ia aaeoia?aoa ?aciiiaeaeanue ninoaaeaiiay A.Eeiaenaiiii
eenoiaea, i?ecuaaaoay ?aai/eo aaeeiiaeooii aunooieoue ia
?aaiethoeeiiioth ai?ueao n naiiaea?aeaaeai. Ii oea?neei aeaiaea?iai n
iiiiuueth i?iaieaoi?a oaeaeinue ni?aaoue ecaeaiea eenoiaee. I?iecaaaeaiu
ianniaua iaunee e a?anou. A?anoiaaiu e auneaiu ec Ynoiiee ii/oe ana
aeoeaiua ia?o?aaioieee. Oae noaa/aii aieaa 40 aeoeaenoia ?aai/aai
aeaeaeaiey, n?aaee ieo iiiaea /eaiu Oaeeeiineiai e oaa?e/ii-caaiaeneeo
eiieoaoia ?NAe?I.

1914

22 ia?oa. Niaauaiea aieueoaaeeia Ynoiiee, i?ioiaeeaoaa iiae
?oeiaiaenoaii /eaia OeE ?NAe?I e o?aeoeee aieueoaaeeia a IV Ainaeoia
A.E. Iao?ianeiai. Niaauaiea iaeia?eei ?aoaiey, i?eiyoua ia E?aeianeii e
Ii?iieineii niaauaieyo ia?o?aaioieeia, e ecaiaei iiii?ooienoia ec
Oaeeeineie ia?oi?aaiecaoeee.

Na?aaeeia ethiy. Ia?aa. Eiioa?aioeey aieueoaaeeia ynoiineiai e?ay.
Nicaeai Anaynoiineee ia?ooeaio? (OeE Ynoiineiai e?ay), eioi?ue i?ae?aoee
naith aeayoaeueiinoue a ia/aea aieiu.

1916

Ii aeiaiai?aiiinoe n ia?aneeie e oaeeeineeie aieueoaaeeaie, a oaeaea n
«ynoiineei ?aeiiii» Iao?ia?aaea Oa?ooneee eiieoao a?aiaiii, aei nicuaa
eiioa?aioeee, auiieiye ooieoeee ?oeiaiaeyuaai oeaio?a aieueoaaenoneeo
i?aaiecaoeee Ynoiiee.

Ieoya?ue. Nicaeaii Ath?i Naaa?i-Aaeoeeneeo i?aaiecaoeee ?NAe?I, a
eioi?ia aioee /eaiu Oa?ooneiai eiieoaoa : E. ?eioa(i?aaenaaeaoaeue
ath?i), A. ?aeaothn(nae?aoa?ue), A. Aeaooaeueae, A. Necane, E. A?aiaaa.
Ath?i ia/aei aeayoaeueioth iiaeaioiaeo e nicuao Anaynoiineie
eiioa?aioeee aieueoaaenoneeo i?aaiecaoeee.

1917

1 ia?oa. Nia?aiea aieueoaaeeia Ia?au. ?aoaii nicaeaoue A?aiaiiue eiieoao
ia?aneeo ?aaiethoeeiiiuo ?aai/eo, caoaaoeoue oeiia?aoeth ao?aeoaciie
aacaou «Iaea yeo» («Iaoa aeeciue») e auionoeoue «Ecaanoey A?aiaiiiai
eiieoaoa ia?aneeo ?aaiethoeeiiiuo ?aai/eo».

Iiia? ia?aue «Ecaanoee» auoae 2 ia?oa, aaea aue iioaeeeiaai Iaieoano OeE
?NAe?I(a), niiauaiea i niauoeyo i?ienoaaeoeo a noieeoea e i?ecua e
ia?aneei ?aai/ei naa?aiooue noa?ue no?ie e eca?aoue Niaao ?aai/eo
aeaiooaoia.

Ana ?aai/ea Ia?au i?ae?aoeee ?aaioo e nia?aeenue ia iauaai?iaeneie
ieoeia. Auee inaiaiaeaeaiu iieeoe/aneea caeeth/aiiua, ?aci?oaeaiu
iieeoeey e aeaiaea?iu, aue nicaeai Ia?aneee Niaao ?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo
aeaiooaoia (i?aaenaaeaoaeue ss. Aiaaeueo ).

12 ia?oa. Oaeeei. Anaynoiineia niaauaiea aieueoaaenoneeo ia?oeeiuo
i?aaiecaoeee. (Ia niaauaiee auee e i?aaenoaaeoaee e Iao?ia?aaeneie
ynoiineie i?aaiecaoeee.)

?aoaii aiciaiiaeoue ecaeaiea ynoiineie aieueoaaenoneie aacaou «Eee?»
(?aaeaeoi? ss.Aiaaeueo). ia?aue iiia? aic?iaeaeaiiie aacaou auoae 18
ia?oa 1917 aiaea, 20 ai?aey 1917 aiaea «I?aaaea»iioaeeeiaaea
?aciethoeeth nia?aiey oaeeeineeo aieueoaaeeia, aaea ai?y/i
i?eaaonoaiaaeinue aica?auaiea A.E. Eaieia ia ?iaeeio e aai iieeoe/aneay
ieaooi?ia i?eciaaaeanue aaeeinoaaiii i?aaeeueiie.

2 ai?aey. Iiaeiyoea e?aniiai oeaaa ia e?aena?a ‘Iaiyoue Aciaa’ a
Oaeeeineii ii?oo.

16-17 ai?aey. Eiioa?aioeey aieueoaaenoneeo i?aaiecaoeee Ynoiiee – 1-ay
eiioa?aioeey Naaa?i-Aaeoeeneeo i?aaiecaoeee ?NAe?I(a). Aaeeiiaeanii
i?eiyou Ai?aeueneea oacenu A.E. Eaieia. Eiioa?aioeey nicaeaea aaeeioth
Anaynoiineoth (Naaa?i-Aaeoeeneoth) i?aaiecaoeeth aieueoaaeeia.

Iae. Ii ii?o/aieth Oaeeeineiai eiieoaoa ?NAe?I(a) i?aaieciaai
«Oaeeeineee eeoa nioeeae-aeaiie?aoe/aneie iieiaeaaee»(I?aaenaaeaoaeue Y.
Oo?aoo).

13 ethey. Cae?uoa aacaoa «Eee?», ?aaeaeoi? ss. Aiaaeueo a?anoiaai e
ioi?aaeai a Iao?ia?aae a «E?anou», ii iiae aeaaeaieai ia?iaeiuo iann
A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai auioaeaeaiii auei aai inaiaiaeeoue. ss.
Aiaaeueo noaiiaeoueny a Oaeeeia ?aaeaeoi?ii i?aaiieoeu «Eee?» –
aieueoaaenoneie aacaou «O?yeeia» («?aai/ee»).

Aaaono. Ia ia?aauai?ao ai?iaeneie aeoiu a Oaeeeia nienie eaiaeeaeaoia
aieueoaaeeia nia?ae iaeaieueoaa eiee/anoai aieinia (i?aaenaaeaoaeue
Oaeeeineie ai?iaeneie aeoiu – ss. Aiaaeueo).

Eiioa?aioeey aaccaiaeueiuo Ynoiiee. Eiioa?aioeey iaeia?eea ieaooi?io
aieueoaaeeia e ia?aciaaea Oeaio?aeueiia ath?i aaccaiaeueiuo Ynoiiee.
Ath?i (Neoaa?, Iaaaeueiai, Oaeioe) i?enooieei e i?aaiecaoeee oacaeiuo e
aieinoiuo eiieoaoia aaccaiaeueiuo.

13-16 aaaonoa. I I Eiioa?aioeey Naaa?i-Aaeoeeneie (Ynoiineie)
i?aaiecaoeee ?NAe?I(a) iieiinoueth iaeia?eea ?aoaiey VI nuacaea ia?oee.
*enei /eaiia ia?oee a Ynoiiee ninoaaeei ieiei 7000 /aeiaae. Eca?aii
ath?i ynoiineie ia?oeeiie i?aaiecaoeee (ss. Aiaaeueo, O. Nooaea?, E.
Oaeiooe, A. Aaeueiai, E. Aai?ia).

Ia/aei naioya?y. Oaeeeiineee Niaao a naiai ?aoaiee iio?aaiaae
onoaiiaeaiey ?aaiethoeeiiiie aeanoe i?ieaoa?eaoa e aaaeiaeoaai
e?anoueyinoaa.

26 naioya?y. Ia?aauai?u Eniieeiia Oa?ooneiai Niaaoa ?aai/eo e
nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia. Iiaaaeo iaea?aeaee aieueoaaeee. Ec 35-oe-22
ianoa. Ainiiaenoao yna?ia e iaiueoaaeeia a Niaaoa ianoae eiiaoe!

27 naioya?y. Aieueoaaeee Ynoiiee nicaaee iauaaeeiaiiia nia?aiea
Oaeeeineiai Niaaoa ?aai/eo e aieineeo aeaiooaoia, Eniieeiia Niaaoia
Ynoiineiai e?ay, a oaeaea i?aaenoaaeoaeae a?iaeneeo e oeioneeo
i?aaiecaoeee, niaaoia ?aai/eo noa?ino e Oeaio?aeueiiai ath?i i?ionithcia
Oaeeeia. Yoei nia?aieai, ia eioi?ii i?enoonoaiaaei aieaa 700 /aeiaae,
?oeiaiaeee E. ?aa/eineee. Nia?aiea aaeeiiaeooii iiaeaea?aeaei iieeoeeo
aieueoaaeeia e iio?aaiaaei ia?aaea/e anae aeanoe Niaaoai. I?aaenoaaeoaee
Oaeeeineiai aa?ieciia cayaeee i aioiaiinoe a ethaie iiiaio iaania/eoue
ia?aoiae aeanoe e Niaaoai neeie i?oaeey.

29 naioya?y a?oiia ynoiineeo ioeoea?ia oea?neie a?iee naeaee aa?iaineei
aieneai ino?iaa Naa?aiaa e Iooo (i?e yoii iiiaea a ieai aieueoay /anoue
nieaeao 1-ai ynoiineiai iieea).

Ieoya?ue. A aeie ei?ieeianeiai iyoaaea ia?aneea eiiioienou ai aeaaa n
A.Eeiaenaiiii iiaeeeciaaee io?yaeu e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa e ?aaiethoeeiiiuo
nieaeao ia ai?ueao n iyoaaeieeaie. Yoe aii?oaeaiiua io?yaeu acyee iiae
naie eiio?ieue aeaeaciiaei?iaeioth noaioeeth a Ia?aa e ia i?iionoeee ie
iaeiiai aieineiai yoaeiia /a?ac Ynoiieth ia Iao?ia?aae. A yoe
e?eoe/aneea aeie oieueei iiae Ia?aie aieueoaaeee inoaiiaeee e
?ani?iiaaaiaee?iaaee 14 yoaeiiia eaca/ueeo aiene.

Ia?aay iieiaeia ieoya?y. Ia?aauai?u Oaeeeineiai Niaaoa. Aieueoaaeee e eo
noi?iiieee a oaa?aeii aieueoeinoaa.

12-14 ieoya?y a Oaeeeia i?ioae Aoi?ie nuacae Niaaoia Ynoiiee. Nuacae
Niaaoia Ynoiiee i?eieiaao i?aaeeiaeaiiua aieueoaaeeaie ?aciethoeee.
O?aeoeeth aieueoaaeeia aicaeaaeyao A. Eeiaenaii. Io o?aeoeee ii naeaeae
o?e aeieeaaea, a eioi?uo ynii iieacaiu iiceoeee aieueoaaeeia:

1) Aeiiaieeii ?ac?ooe a no?aia yaeyaony A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai, a
oie?ioai?eoue aea?aaith iiaeii eeoue ?aoaieai aa?a?iiai aii?ina.

2) Ia auai?ao a O/?aaeeoaeueiia nia?aiea ia aieiniaaoue ca ao?aeoaciua
ia?oee.

3) Nianoe ?aaiethoeeth iiaeao aeanoue, eioi?ay i?aaeeiaeeo ni?aaaaeeeaue
ie? anai ia?iaeai. Iaaei iaiaaeeaiii caeeth/eoue ia?aie?ea e ia/aoue
ia?aaiai?u i i?i/iii ie?a. Ieeaeea ia?u A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia
niiniaiu inoaiiaeoue ?acaaea ia o?iioa. A ninoaa Eniieeiia Ynoiineiai
e?aaaiai Niaaoa aioee a iniiaiii aieueoaaeee (ss. Aiaaeueo
(i?aaenaaeaoaeue), A.Eeiaenaii, E. ?aa/eineee e ae?.).

Eoiae 2-ai nuacaea Niaaoia Ynoiiee A. Eeiaenaii iiaeaae a noaouea,
iaia/aoaiiie a aacaoa «O?yeeia»: «Aicieeaao, aaeeiue o?iio ?aai/eo,
nieaeao e e?anoueyi – aaaeiyeia i?ioea eaieoaeenoia e iiiaueeia. E
oieueei a ?inoa e oe?aieaiee yoiai o?iioa – caeia iiaaaeu ?aaiethoeee.
Aeanoue Niaaoai! Caiey ia?iaeo! Ie? ia?iaeai! Oaeia aiaaie eicoia,
auniei e aaeeiiaeooii iiaeiyoue Aoi?ui nuacaeii Niaaoia Ynoiiee, e iiae
yoei eicoiaii ?aaiethoeey iaea?aeeo iiaaaeo».

22 ieoya?y. I?e Eniieeiia Niaaoia Ynoiiee ia?aciaai
Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiue eiieoao, eioi?ue ian/eouaae 40 /aeiaae. A aai
?oeiaiaeyuaa yae?i aioee E. ?aa/eineee(i?aaenaaeaoaeue),
A.Eeiaenaii(caii?aae), A.Ieeaiia(nae?aoa?ue), ss. Aiaaeueo, ?. Aaeiai,
I. ?ynoan. A?E Ynoiiee, a oaniii eiioaeoa n A?E i?e Iao?iniaaoa e
Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiui oeaio?ii OeE ?NAe?I(a), ?ac?aaioae ieai caoaaoa
aeanoe.

Ia A. Eeiaenaiia aiceiaeaii ?oeiaiaenoaii ?aaioie ynoiineiai e?aaaiai
Niaaoa, ia ss. Aiaaeueoa-Oaeeeineiai Niaaoa, E. ?aa/eineee-ioaa/ae ca
i?aaiecaoeeth aii?oaeaiiuo nee.

A?E aue aioia iiaeaaeoue nii?ioeaeaiea iaiaaeaaeiuo /anoae e ioeoea?noaa
a naiii ca?iaeuoa. Ia eaca?iu eaca/ueeo iieeia iaaaaeaiu i?oaeey 4-ai
a?oeeea?eeneiai iieea; Onoue-Aeaeineiio iieeo ii?o/aia iao?oeueiay
neoaeaa; a aiaaoth aioiaiinoue i?eaaaeaiu ei?aaee.

Aaaaeaia a aeaenoaea Ynoiineay E?aniay Aaa?aeey (ieiei 2-o ouny/ aieoeia
– ?aai/eo oaa?ee e caaiaeia Oaeeeia). Ai aeaaa a? noiye OeE i?aaiecaoeee
E?aniie Aaa?aeee, eioi?ue iaoiaeeeny a Aeiia ?aai/eo. Ia/ooaaa –
aieueoaaee, Aai?a Oaaea?.

23 ieoya?y a 19.00 ana no?aoaae/aneea aaaeiua ioieou a ?aeiia Oaeeeineie
e?aiinoe acyou iiae eiio?ieue A?E, e eiiaiaee?ai anao aieineeo /anoae
iai?aaeaiu eiienna?u A?E.

I?aaenaaeaoaeue A?E Ynoiiee iiaeaea?aeeaae i?yioth naycue n /eaiii
Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiiai oeaio?a ii ?oeiaiaenoao ainnoaieai ss.I.
Naa?aeeiaui.

A ?acoeueoaoa oiaeuo aeaenoaee A?E ia?aoiae aeanoe a ?oee Niaaoia a
Ynoiiee inouanoaeai aac e?iaii?ieeoey. Aeanoue ao?aeoacee
caaeaaia?aiaiii ia?aeeciaaia ia iaeiii ec aaaeiuo iiaenooiao e
i?ieaoa?neiio Ieoa?o.

25 ieoya?y. Oa?ooneee A?E caiye ana i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua o/?aaeaeaiey a
ai?iaea. A oacaea aeanoue ia?aoea e aieinoiui Niaaoai. E /a?ac Oa?oo ia
Iao?ia?aae ie i?ioea ie iaeia eiio??aaiethoeeiiiay /anoue.

26 ieoya?y. A?E Ynoiiee niiauee i ia?aoiaea ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe a
Ynoiiee e Niaaoai, a oaeaea i iiaaaea nioeeaeenoe/aneie ?aaiethoeee a
Iao?ia?aaea.

A 10.00 ana aunoea aiaia/aeueieee Oaeeeineie e?aiinoe i?eauee a A?E e
cayaeee, /oi oiie iiae/eiythony iiaie, ?aaiethoeeiiiie aeanoe. Iinea
acyoey aeanoe A?E Ynoiiee iioaeeeiaae aiccaaiea ei anaio ianaeaieth
Ynoiiee, aaea niiauee i i?ioaaeoeo niauoeyo e i?ecaae o?oaeyueony auoue
aaeeoaeueiuie a ioiioaiee i?ieneia eiio??aaiethoeee. A?E Ynoiiee
i?iaeaeae aieueooth ?aaioo ii ?aciaea/aieth e ?aca?iio
eiio??aaiethoeeiiiuo caaiai?ia. Ec Ynoiiee e /a?ac aa oa??eoi?eth ia
Iao?ia?aae ia auei i?iiouaii ie iaeiie eiio??aaiethoeeiiiie aieineie
/anoe.

Ynoiineea aieueoaaeee i?aaieciauaaee ia aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo noaioeeyo
canoaau e nicaeaee a?oiiu aaeoaoi?ia, eioi?ua i?iaiaeeee
?acuynieoaeueioth ?aaioo n?aaee nieaeao, iaiaioouo
eiio??aaiethoeeiia?aie. A ?acoeueoaoa yoeo aeaenoaee nieaeaou
ioeacaeenue ianooiaoue ia e?aniue Ieoa?.

Oae iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii E.?aa/eineiai ia noaioeee Aeaeaaoaeue (no.
THeaienoa) caaea?aeai niaoeeaeueiue iiacae n eaca/ueeie ioeoea?aie,
iineaiiuo Ea?aineei a ciio Naaa?iie a?iee, n oai /oiau ia?ai?aaeoue iiae
Aao/eio eiio??aaiethoeeiiiua eaca/uee iieee. O ioeoea?ia ioia?aii aieaa
900 yecaiiey?ia ioia/aoaiiuo aiaauo i?eeacia eaca/ueei iieeai ca
iiaeienueth E?aniiaa e i?eeac Ea?aineiai eiiaiaeothuaio Naaa?iui O?iioii
*a?aieniao i niyoee /anoae n iiceoeee e ia ioe?uoee Naaa?iiai o?iioa.

Iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii A?E ni?aaia iiiuoea ioi?aaeoue iiae Aao/eio 49-e
ei?ion, iaoiaeeaoeeny a ?aeiia ?aeaa?a. A ?acoeueoaoa o?aoaeiaaiie
?aaiethoeeiiiie ?acuynieoaeueiie ?aaiou i?iaaaeaiiie caeanue a?oiiie
aaeoaoi?ia ai aeaaa n A.Eeiaenaiiii nieaeaou ei?iona ioeacaeenue
neaaeiaaoue a Aao/eio.

A naiai aeieeaaea OeE ?NAe?I(a) io eiaie aieueoaaeeia Ynoiiee E.
?aa/eineee aeae iaauaiea «ia i?iionoeoue ia Iao?ia?aae ie iaeiiai
i?ioeaieea, nieaeaoa ni noi?iiu Naaa?iie a?iee». Yoi iaauaiea auei
auiieiaii.

27 ieoya?y A.Eeiaenaii, ii oiieiiii/eth A?E, iiaeienae aeo i i?eiyoee
a?aaeaeaineie aeanoe a Ynoiiee io aoaa?ineiai eiienna?a iecaa?aiooiai
A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa.

«1917 aiaea ieoya?y 27-ai aeiy a aeaeo ninoiyaoaainy ainoaea?noaaiiiai
ia?aai?ioa… y, oiieiiii/aiiue Aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiiai eiieoaoa Niaaoia
Ynoiineiai e?ay Aeeoi? Yaeoa?aeiae/ Eeiaenaii, i?eiye ana aeaea
oi?aaeaiey Ynoeyiaeneie aoaa?ieae» – ec caiene «Aeoa i ia?aaea/a aeanoe
eiienna?ii A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa Niaaoo ?aai/eo e nieaeaoneeo
aeaiooaoia».

Iiae oa?icie a?oiaiy a Oaeeeia caaea?aeaiu 13-e e 15-e Aeiineea eaca/uee
iieee.

14 iiya?y 1917 aiaea Ia?aneay oi?aaa (iieuecoynue i?aaii iaoeee ia
naiiii?aaeaeaiea) iineaea a NIE, ia eiy A.E. Eaieia, aeieeaaeioth
caieneo i auaeaeaiee ai?iaea Ia?au a naiinoiyoaeueioth
aaeieieno?aoeaioth aaeeieoeo.

16 iiya?y ec NIE i?eoae ioaao:

«Niaao Ia?iaeiuo Eiienna?ia ?inneeneie ?anioaeeee iciaeiieaoenue n
aeieeaaeiie caieneie Ia?aneie ai?iaeneie oi?aau io 14 naai iiya?y ca
?1621 e ee/iui aeieeaaeii ia?aneiai ai?iaeneiai aieiau A.Y. Aeaoiaia,
au?aaeaao naia i?eioeeieaeueiia niaeanea ia oiaeaoaenoai, eceiaeaiiia a
aeieeaaeiie caienea, o.a. ia

1) auaeaeaiea ai?iaea Ia?au ec ssiao?aneiai cainoaa,

2) i?eniaaeeiaiea e ai?iaeneie oa??eoi?ee anao i?eeaaathueo e ai?iaeo
ianaeaiiuo ianoiinoae e iaiooaeoo?,

3) ia?aciaaiea Ia?aneiai oacaea e

4) i?e/eneaiea iauaaeeiaiiiai ai?iaea e Ia?aneiai oacaea e Ynoeyiaeneie
aoaa?iee, a oii neo/aa, anee oeacaiiua aeaenoaey ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey
aoaeoo i?iecaaaeaiu n iieiiai niaeaney anao aeaiie?aoe/aneeo yeaiaioia,
eie cao?iioouo.

Niaeanea ia iauaaeeiaiea aeaiie?aoe/aneiai ianaeaiey e niaa?oaiiua
ia?ii?eyoey aeieaeiu auoue aeiaaaeaiu aei naaaeaiey NIE».

15 iiya?y ao?aeoacey nicaaea nicua Aoaa?ineiai Caineiai Niaaoa(Iaaiyya),
?aniouaiiiai ?aoaieai Eniieeiia Niaaoia Ynoiiee.

A oio aea aeaiue ouny/e oaeeeineeo ?aai/eo iiae e?aniuie ciaiaiaie
aeaeioeenue ia Oiiiiaa(Auoai?iae), aaea naii/eiii nia?aeenue ia
canaaeaiea auaoea aeaiooaou Caineiai niaaoa io ao?aeoaciuo e
iaeeiao?aeoaciuo ia?oee. ?aai/ea, ia?aae eioi?uie n ieaiaiiuie ?a/aie
aunooieee A. Eeiaenaii, O. O?eiaa e ss. Neoaa?, ?aciaiaee yoio
eiio??aaiethoeeiiiue ooaa Ynoiineie ao?aeoacee.

10 aeaeaa?y aeey i?iaaaeaiey a aeeciue ?aoaiey Eniieeiia i eiioeneaoeee
iiiaue/ueeo eiaiee iai?aaeai io?yae e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa ai aeaaa n /eaiii
Eniieeiia I. Aeonaiii a Ae?oeneee oacae. Eiaiea Ithnne auei eiioeneiaaii
e ia?aaeaii a aaaeaiea iuciiai eiieoaoa, eca?aiiiai ?aai/eie eiaiey.

A ii/ue ia 11 aeaeaa?y aaiaea iiiaueeia e ynoiineeo aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa
niaa?oeea aiacaiiue iaeao e caa?nee oaeea I.Aeonaia e aua aeaoo
e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa – ?.Eiaa?aa e TH.Eaeueiona.

22 aeaeaa?y a Oaeeeia ninoiyeenue iioi?iiu I.Aeonaia, ?.Eiaa?aa,
TH.Eaeueiona. ouny/e ?aai/eo auoee a yoio no?iaue ceiiee aeaiue
i?iaiaeeoue iiaeaoeo oiaa?euae a eo iineaaeiee iooue- iiae aaeiaua
aea?aauey Eaae?ei?aa.

A eiioea aeaeaa?y ninoiyeinue nia?aiea Ynoeyiaeneiai Niaaoa. N io/aoii
eniieeiia aunooiee Eeiaenaii. Ii cayaee, /oi aeiea ?aai/aai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa caueuaoue naith aeanoue, iiyoiio aue ?aniouai Caineie
niaao, iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii cae?uoue ana eiio??aaiethoeeiiiua aacaou.

1918

ssiaa?ue. 1 nuacae ynoiineeo nioeeaeenoe/aneeo aieiia. Nuacae iineae
i?eaaonoaaiiua oaeaa?aiiu a Iao?ia?aae – 3-io Ana?inneeneiio nuacaeo
Niaaoia e Niaaoo Ia?iaeiuo Eiienna?ia, cayaea, /oi «ia?aue nuacae
ynoiineeo nioeeaeenoe/aneeo aieiia nia?aeny, /oiau nicaeaoue
aeia?iaieue/aneoth nioeeaeenoe/aneoth a?ieth, aioiaoth noaoue aanno?aoii
ia caueoo iaoae ?aaiethoeee».

Nioeeaeenoe/aneay a?iey nicaeaaony oieueei ec aeia?iaieueoeaa, aanue
eiiaiaeiue ninoaa ecae?aaony naieie aieiaie.

Nuacae eca?ae Niaao nioeeaeenoe/aneeo aieiia – ynoiioeaa ec aieueoaaeeia
ai aeaaa n Eoaeaaa?oii. A Niaao eca?ai e A.Eeiaenaii.

Ia?aui aeaeii Niaao ?anionoee Aeaaiue eiieoao e ooaa ynoiineie aeeaecee,
eae o/?aaeaeaiey a?aaeaeaaiua ia?iaeo.

Naeueneioicyenoaaiiue nuacae Ynoiiee. Ii aeieeaaeo A. Eeiaenaiia «Ia
ooaa?aeaeaiee ?aai/ae aeanoe» nuacae i?eiye ?aciethoeeth, a eioi?ie
cayaee, /oi ia?aae oa?icie ainnoaiiaeaiey a Ynoiiee aeaaeu/anoaa
oaiaoaoaeae ia?iaea ana o?oaeyueany ai?iaea e aea?aaie, aei iineaaeiaai
/aeiaaea, aeieaeiu aii?oaeeoueny. Nuacae i?aaeeiaeee anai aieinoiui
Niaaoai niaoii nicaeaaaoue E?anioth Aaa?aeeth, a eniieeiiai oacaeiuo
Niaaoia – iauaaeeiyoue aieinoiua io?yaeu a oacaeiua e?aniiaaa?aeaeneea
a?iee.

Ia/aei oi?ie?iaaiey 1-ai Oaeeiineiai e?aniiai iieea.

A ?aaaea a?anoiaaiu o?e eo?uea?a i?aaeaiaeeoaey ynoeyiaeneiai
aeai?yinoaa Aeaeeeinaaocaia, o eioi?uo iaoee aai ienueii e
?aniieiaeaiiiio a A?ainao?aa ooaao aa?iaineeo aiene. Aeaeeeinaaocai
oiieye iaioeaa onei?eoue ieeoiaoeeth anae Ynoiiee.

Ii eieoeeaoeaa Eiinoaioeia Iyona e auaoaai iiaeiieeiaieea oea?neie a?iee
Eioaia Eaeaeiia?a auea ioi?aaeaia a Noieaieuei «eiino?aiiay ienney» ai
aeaaa n ssiii Ouienniiii, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaee aa?iaineiio iineo a
Noieaieueia aeieeaaeioth caieneo, aae?aniaaiioth i?aaeoaeuenoao
Aa?iaiee, n i?inueaie i iaiaaeeaiiie ieeoiaoeee Ynoiiee. Ii i?ineo
«i?eiyoue aeeyoaeueiua ia?u» e oiio, /oiau iaiaaeeaiii inaiaiaeeoue
oa??eoi?eth Ynoiiee io ?onneeo, eaouoneeo e ae?oaeo aieineeo /anoae, a
oaeaea io «ii?neeo eiiaiae». Iicaea, Ouiennii cayaeo a aacaoa
«Iinoeiayn», /oi anee Aa?iaiey aeaea au niaeanea ia yoi, «oi
anoanoaaiiui o?aaiaaieai auei au, /oiau iia iiiiaea naa?aiooue
aieueoaaeeia».

Iaeiia?aiaiii Iyon e Eaeaeiia? onoaiiaeee i?yiie eiioaeo n
eiiaiaeiaaieai aa?iaineeo aiene, iai?aaea a iaiaoeeee ooaa a a.
Eo?annaa?a naiaai oiieiiii/aiiiai. Ii eo oeacaieth ioeoea?u ?aciauaiiie
a Oaainaeo ynoiineie aieineie /anoe ioe?uee iaioeai o?iio. A ?acoeueoaoa
yoiai eaeca?ianeea aienea n ino?iaa Naa?aiaa aunaaeeeenue a
eiioeiaioaeueiie Ynoiiee e auee a?ioaiu i?yii ia Oaeeei.

10 yiaa?y. I?aaenoaaeoaee eiio??aaiethoeee: Iinea, Aeeueia e Naeueyiaa,-
iiauaaee a a?eoaineii iinieuenoaa, aaea eo i?eiye niaaoiee Eeiaeeae,
caiaiyaoee ionoonoaiaaaoaai iinea Auetheiiaia. Ii cayaee, /oi
«Aaeeeia?eoaiey iiaeaea?aeeaaao no?aieaiea Ynoiiee e iacaaeneiinoe».
Aieaa oiai, Eeiaeeae iaoae i?aaeeueiui, /oi ynoiineea ao?aeoaciua ia?oee
i?aaeii/eoatho «i?eiyoue eaeoth – eeai iacaaeneiinoue iiae iaiaoeeei
i?ioaeoi?aoii», /ai aeaeaoue Ynoiieth niaaoneie.

11 yiaa?y. ?aciaea/ay ia canaaeaiee OeE aaaioth?enoe/aneoth iiceoeeth
O?ioeeiai, aai i?aaeeiaeaiea – ioaanoe a?ieth ii aeiiai, a ie?a ia
iiaeienuaaoue, – A.E. Eaiei, a /anoiinoe cayaee: «Naiei oaiaeii aiene iu
aeinoeaaai oiai, /oi ioaeaai iaioeai Ynoeyiaeneoth nioeeaeenoe/aneoth
?anioaeeeo… Iiaeienuaay ie?… iu nio?aiyai nioeeaeenoe/aneoth
Ynoeyiaeneoth ?anioaeeeo e aeaai aiciiaeiinoue ie?aiiooue iaoei
caaiaaaieyi… anee iaioeu ia/ioo ianooiaoue, oi iu aoaeai auioaeaeaiu
iiaeienaoue anyeee ie?, a oiaaea, eiia/ii ii aoaeao ooaeoei».

12 yiaa?y, eeaea?u ao?aeoaciuo ia?oee – Iinea e Naeueyiaa, eceiaeeee
naie i?eoycaiey a iinieuenoaa NOA a Iao?ia?aaea. Cayaeaiea Iinee, /oi
ynoiineay ao?aeoacey no?aieony ioi?aaoue Ynoiieth io ?innee, yaii
i?eoeinue ii aeooa aia?eeaineiio aeeieiiaoo. Ia aii?in, anoue ee
iaaeaaeaea ia iiaeaea?aeeo NOA, niaaoiee caaa?ee «ainoae», /oi
aia?eeaineia i?aaeoaeuenoai ni/oanoaoao eo /ayieyi. Caoai Iinea e
Naeueyiaa iiauaaee a iinieuenoaa O?aioeee, aaea eo i?eiye nai iinie
Ioeain, iiiaauaaoee iiaeaea?aeeo O?aioeee a inouanoaeaiee
«iacaaeneiinoe».

A ii/ue ia 28 yiaa?y 1918 a. ii anae Ynoiiee i?iecaaaeaiu a?anou
aa?iiia. Iia?aoeey canoaea eo a?anieio. Auei iaeaeaii e ecuyoi iiiai
i?oaeey, a oaeaea aeieoiaioia, eciaee/athueo aa?iiia a niioaieyo n
aa?iaineei eiiaiaeiaaieai, a oieiiaaea e iiaeaioiaea aii?oaeaiiiai
ainnoaiey i?ioea Niaaoneie aeanoe. Aa?iiia i?eaacee a ?aaaeueneoth
aaaaiue e iinaaeeee iiae iaaeaaeiie io?aiie a yeaaaoi?a.

Oaa?aeue. Nicaeaia Anaynoiineay eiioa?aioeey iieiaeaaeiuo nithcia.
?aoaii iacaaoue i?aaiecaoeeth Naaa?i – Aaeoeeneei nithcii
eiiioienoe/aneie iieiaeaaee.

A Aa?eeia iiauaaea aeaeaaaoeey iyonianeiai «Nithca aa?a?eaa»
(«Iaaeeeo»), /oiau oaiai?eoue aa?iaineia i?aaeoaeuenoai iaiaaeeaiii
ieeoie?iaaoue Ynoiieth.

13 oaa?aey. Niaianoiia niaauaiea eniieeiiia Ynoeyiaeneiai e ?aaaeueneiai
Niaaoia (A. Eeiaenaii, ss. Aiaaeueo) n aiaiiui eiiaiaeiaaieai. Nicaae
aai i?eauaoee a ?aaaeue /eai Oi?aaeaiey Naaa?iiai o?iioa, aieueoaaee
-Iica?i. I ninoiyiee iai?iiu ?aaaey e ii?neie e?aiinoe aeieiaeeee
eiiaiaeaio e?aiinoe e ia/aeueieee Oaeeeiineie aacu oeioa.

17 oaa?aey. Aa/a?ii a eniieeii Ynoeyiaeneiai Niaaoa ia?aaeaee ec
oi?aaeaiey ii?neie e?aiinoe, /oi ii i?yiiio i?iaiaeo ec ooaaa
Aaeoeeneiai oeioa iieo/aii niiauaiea: Aa?iaiey ecaanoeea Niaaoneia
i?aaeoaeuenoai, /oi n iieoaeiy 18 oaa?aey iia aiiaue n/eoaao naay a
ninoiyiee aieiu n ?inneae.

18 oaa?aey a Oaeeei iinooieea oaeaa?aiia Eaieia, a eioi?ie ii cai?aoeaae
iineaaeiea aeaiiua ?acaaaeee e i ia?ao ii oneeaieth io?aiu a?aieoe
Ynoeyiaeee n caiaaea.

Ia/aei oe?ieiianooaaiiai aa?iaineiai ianooieaiey ii anaio o?iioo io
Aaeoeeneiai ii?y aei Ea?iao. Ia iao?ia?aaeneii iai?aaeaiee a I?eaaeoeea
aeaenoaiaaea 8-y a?iey iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai aaia?ae – iieeiaieea A. oii
Ee?oaaoa (9 iaoioiuo e 1 eaaaea?eeneay aeeaecey) e a?iaeneay a?oiia «Ae»
(4 iaoioiuo e 2 eaaaea?eeneeo aeeaecee) ec a?oiiu a?iee aaia?ae –
oaeueaeia?oaea A. Yeoai?ia.

Iaiaoeeee 68-e (Naaa?iue) a?iaeneee ei?ion iaiineo aniiiiaaoaeueiue
oaea? n Iiiicoiaeneeo ino?iaia ia Oaeeei e Ia?ao.

A ii/ue ia 20 oaa?aey ia ieaia?iii canaaeaiee eniieeiiia Ynoeyiaeneiai e
Oaeeeiineiai Niaaoia auea nicaeaia Aiaiiay eieeaaey ii oi?aaeaieth
Oaeeeineei oe?aieaiiui ?aeiiii ec i?aaenoaaeoaeae iaieo eniieeiiia,
ooaaa E?aniie Aaa?aeee, oeioneeo eiieoaoia, aiaiiie naeoeee Oaeeeineiai
Niaaoa.

Iia?aoeaiia ?oeiaiaenoai inouanoaeye I?aceaeeoi Aiaiiie eieeaaee a
ninoaaa: Eeiaenaiia; ?oeaaiai noa?oeiu aicaeooiie noaioeee «?aaaeue»,
caianoeoaey i?aaenaaeaoaey ianoiiai oeioneiai eiieoaoa a. Oaeeeia –
Oeueyiiaa; i?aaenaaeaoaey aiaiiie naeoeee Oaeeeineiai Niaaoa –
Canoeueneiai; /eaiia eniieeiia Ynoeyiaeneiai Niaaoa – Nieieiaa e
Oaeoa?a. I?aaenaaeaoaeai I?aceaeeoia Aiaiiie eieeaaee eca?ai
Canoeueneee.

Eieeaaey aiioee?iaaea iieiiii/ey eiiaiaeaioa oi?aaeaiey oe?ai?aeiiii,
i?aaeienaea anai /anoyi, oi?aaeaieyi, ooaaai e o/?aaeaeaieyi aiaiiiai e
ii?neiai aaaeiinoa a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yaaeoe?iaaoue eiouanoai e
aii?oaeaiea, ai aoi?oth i/a?aaeue – aeaea e a?oea, a o?aoueth – ee/iue
ninoaa. I?e/ai ee/iue ninoaa eiae i?aai yaaeoe?iaaoueny oieueei iinea
ieii/aiey yaaeoaoeee eiouanoaa. *anoe e o/?aaeaeaiey, auacaeathuea
naii/eiii e aia onoaiiaeaiiie i/a?aaee, aoaeoo i?aaeaaaoueny
aiaiii-?aaiethoeeiiiiio noaeo.

21 oaa?aey 1918 a. ss. Aiaaeueo iieo/ee oaeaa?aiio ca iiaeienyie Eaieia
e Noaeeia:

«Aeaeiooue /anoe i?ioea a?aaa e ii?ieeiooue aai. Anee yoi o?oaeii
naeaeaoue, enii?oeoue ana aei?iae, i?iecaanoe ?yae ia?oecaineeo iaaaaia
n oai, /oiau ia aeaoue a?aao oe?aieoueny ia iaoa?eea. I?inei yoio iao
i?eeac i?iaanoe a aeeciue iaoeeiiii. Ioaao eniieiaiey niiaueoa».

Eniieeii Niaaoia, Ynoeyiaeneee eiieoao ?NAe?I(A), aiaiiay eieeaaey
?aoeee noi?ie?iaaoue e?oiiue io?yae e aeaeiooue aai iaano?a/o
ianooiathuae eieiiia iaioeaa.

22 oaa?aey Eaiei aiiaue cai?inee Oaeeei i iineaaeieo aeaiiuo ?acaaaeee e
iio?aaiaae oneeeoue ia?u ii ioii?o a?aaa. A oio aea aeaiue yoaeii
e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa iai?aaeeny e noaioeee Eaaaeue(Eaeea). Io?yae a 400
aieoeia aue noi?ie?iaai a no?aoiie niaoea, aiaiioth iiaeaioiaeo eiaee
aeaeaei ia ana.

Ieiei aeaoo /ania aeiy 23 oaa?aey aaaiaa?ae iaiaoeeie eieiiiu iaoeioeny
ia io?yae e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa, eioi?ue ano?aoee a?aaa iaiai. N?aaee
iaioeaa ia/aeny ia?aiieio, ii ooo iaiaeeaeaiii iiyaeeenue iniiaiua neeu
iaiaoeeie eieiiiu. A?aiaie, /oiau iiaeaioiaeoueny e aith, o
e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa ia auei, ii/oe ana ioeaiaou inoaeenue ia noaioeee. E
ana aea io?yae anooiee a ia?aaiue aie. Ii ia?a oiai, eae iiaeoyaeaaeenue
e anooiaee a aie iniiaiua neeu iaioeaa, eo ia?aaan aic?anoae. Iie
ia?ooeee ia e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa ioeaiaoiue iaiiue.

Iaioeu ieeae ia iaeeaeaee ano?aoeoue noieue neeueiia nii?ioeaeaiea.
Io?yae ?aai/eo naea?aeeaae iaoene ?aaoey?iuo aiene a oa/aiee ianeieueeeo
/ania.

Oaia?ue iaioeu i?iaeaeaaeenue iaaeeaiiaa, iianaynue aiiaue iaii?ioueny
ia iiaua io?yaeu e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa. Ii ano?a/aee ia naiai iooe eeoue
neaaua caneiiu – a ?anii?yaeaiee Aiaiiie eieeaaee ?aca?aia aieueoa ia
auei.

Aaeaa aanoue i ii?aaeaiee iiae Eaeea aeinoeaea Oaeeeia, ia/aeanue
iaieea. Nieaeaou noa?ie a?iee, aiynue iiianoue a ieai, n aiai a?aee
aaaiiu, n?uaay i/a?aaeiinoue yaaeoaoeee. E?aniiaaa?aeaeoeu n o?oaeii e
iiae/an aaconiaoii aiaeai?yee ii?yaeie.

E 23 oaa?aey aa?iaineea aienea auoee ia iiaenooiu e Oaeeeio.

A ii/ue ia 24 eniieeii e?aaaiai Niaaoa canaaeae iai?a?uaii. Ia/aei
naaoaoue. Ec oeaio?a ai?iaea aeiiineeenue aeioiai/iua auno?aeu.
Eiio??aaiethoeey iiaeiyea aieiao e no?aeyao ec-ca oaea a ?aai/eo,
niaoaueo a Aaaaiue. *aou?a ouny/e e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa iinaaeeee ia
ei?aaee, a inoaeueiuo neieueei niiaee, ioi?aaeee iiacaeii a noi?iio
Ia?au.

A Oaeeeia ia inoaaeai a iiaeiieuea aeaaea ia?oeeiue oeaio?. ?aiueoa ia
yoii ia iiaeoiaee, aa?eee, /oi a A?ano – Eeoianea ni aeiy ia aeaiue
aoaeao caeeth/ai ie? e ieeoiaoeey ia einiaony iaoa?eeiaie Ynoiiee, a
eiaaea iaioeu aiciaiiaeee ianooieaiea auei ia aei yoiai.

Ainiieueciaaaoenue e?aoeia?aiaiiui aacaeanoeai – niaaoneea aeanoe
yaaeoe?iaaeenue, a iaiaoeeea aienea aua ia caiyee ai?iae, ao?aeoaciua
iieeoeeaiu iiniaoeee iauyaeoue «iacaaeneioth Ynoiieth». Anooiea a
Oaeeei, ieeoiaiou «i?ee?uee» yoo ?anioaeeeo, a aa o/?aaeeoaeae iinaaeeee
ca eieth/oth i?iaieieo. Aaaeue aianoa n aa?iaineeie ieeoiaoeeiiiuie
aieneaie aa?ioeenue a naith aio/eio e inocaeneea aa?iiu…

Iinea caiyoey Oaeeeia caeanue auei ?anno?aeyii ianeieueei nioai ?aai/eo
e iao?inia. Iaioeu, aniiiiea naia iiiaiaaeiaia ainiiaenoai a I?eaaeoeea,
ia i?eciaaaee aeaaea ianoiia ao?aeoaciia naiioi?aaeaiea. Oa??eoi?ey
Ynoiiee auea ?acaeaeaia ia ie?oaa (aaoee?ee), iiae/eiyaoeany iaiaoeeiio
eiiaiaeiaaieth (aaia?ae Caeaiaei?o, aaia?ae Iai?eooe), ao?aiieno?ii
Oaeeeia noae iaiaoe Y. Aeaoei, ioeoeeaeueiui ycueii iauyaeai iaiaoeeee
(ynoiineee aue ecaiai ec oeie e aeaeii?iecaiaenoaa). N?aaee 52
aeaeaaaoia nuacaea “i?aaenoaaeoaeae ianaeaiey Ynoeyiaeee”
(eaiaeanoa?caiieoia) 9.4.1918 a. auei eeoue 19 ynoiioeaa. Ieeoiaiou
cai?aoeee aeaaea i?ieciineoue aneoo «Ynoiineay ?anioaeeea».

A eiioea oaa?aey a nayce n aa?iaineie eioa?aaioeeae Niaaoneia
i?aaeoaeuenoai Ynoiiee auioaeaeaii yaaeoe?iaaoueny. Niaaoneay aeanoue a
Ynoiiee oie/oiaeaia ooueaie aa?iaineeo eiia?eaeenoia.

Ieeoiaiou, iiiaueee e «Iiaeaeona» (aeia?iaieueiay iieeoeaeneay
i?aaiecaoeey) n?aco ia/aee naith «?aaioo». A ia?aua aea aeie a Oa?oo
?anno?aeyii ieiei 150 /aeiaae, a ?aeaa?a -18. A Au?o iiaaoai aanue
eniieeii Niaaoa, a Iaeaea e Eioonoo oiaea. A oa/aiee 2-3-o iaaeaeue
oaeoi ieiei 400 /aeiaae, a?ioaii a oth?ueiu nauoa 5 ouny/. Ai anth
aeaenoaotho aiaiii–iieaaua noaeu.

Ao?aeoaciua ynoiineea iaoeeiiaeenou aeiaeeenue o ieeoiaoeeiiiuo aeanoae
?ac?aoaiea ia nicaeaiea aeeaecee, iniiaie eioi?ie noaee ynoiineea
iaoeeiiaeueiua /anoe, noi?ie?iaaiiua i?e Ea?aineii. Aeeaecey aeeth/aia a
ninoaa iaiaoeeeo aiene.

Aania. Iaiaoeeea ieeoiaiou e ynoiineea aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu aueiiaee i?ao
iiaeaoeo aieoeia ?aaiethoeee: I.Aeonaia, ?. Eiaa?aa e TH.Eaeueiona, e
n?aaiyee iiaeeo n caieae.

Ia?o. A Oaeeeia aiciaiiaeea naith aeayoaeueiinoue eiiioienoe/aneay
i?aaiecaoeey. Anei?a ainnoaiiaeai Oaeeeineee eiieoao ia?oee(E. Eoiia?,
TH.Othon, TH. Oeiii, TH. Aeanii e ae?.) Eiieoao i?enooiee e nicaeaieth
naiae iaeaaaeueiie oeiia?aoee.

1 ia?oa ia iuca I?eia ii aeiiino ianoiuo ianoi?a e aa?iia aue iiaaoai
?oeiaiaeeoaeue ia?oeiieoaoa ss?aa-ssaie ss. Iaeeie e ?anno?aeyiu
aeaayoue iuciuo ?aai/eo. *a?ac ianeieueei aeiae a Iaeaea auee ceiaeaenee
oaeou i?aaenaaeaoaeue ss?aaneiai oacaeiiai eniieeiia ss. ss?aaeoeuea e
ainaiue naeueneeo aeoeaenoia. A Au?o eioa?aaiou eacieee i?aaenaaeaoaey
oeniieeiia O. Eyyaaia e /eaiia OEE A. Nyyaea?a e E. Eaeueiona, a Euoae —
i?aaenaaeaoaey Eecaeonneiai aieeniieeiia I. Iyyia e ianeieueeeo
niaaoneeo aeoeaenoia. A ?yieia auee oaeou ainaiue /aeiaae, a ?aeaa?a —
aeaayoue, a Oaia eacieee 15-eaoiaai nuia eociaoea Noo?eeae n iucu I?eia.

3 ia?oa 1918 a. a A?ano-Eeoianea caeeth/ai ie?iue aeiaiai? iaaeaeo
Niaaoneie ?inneae, n iaeiie noi?iiu, e Aa?iaieae, Aano?i-Aaia?eae,
Aieaa?eae e Oo?oeeae, n ae?oaie. Ii aeiaiai?o ?inney ioeacaeanue io i?aa
ia Ynoeyiaeeth oaea 3 ia?oa 1918 aiaea.

Noaouey VI aeiaiai?a aeaneo:

“Ynoeyiaeey e Eeoeyiaeey oaeaea iacaiaaeeeoaeueii i/euathony io ?onneeo
aiene e ?onneie E?aniie aaa?aeee. Ainoi/iay a?aieoea Ynoeyiaeee
i?ioiaeeo a iauai ii ?aea Ia?aa. (…) Ynoeyiaeey e Eeoeyiaeey aoaeoo
caiyou aa?iaineie iieeoeaeneie aeanoueth aei oao ii?, iiea iauanoaaiiay
aaciianiinoue ia aoaeao oai iaania/aia nianoaaiiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie
no?aiu”.

Oioy caeeth/ai A?anoneee ie?. Iaioeu a ?yaea iano i?iaeieaeaee
ianooieaiea. Ana aua oee aie caiaaeiaa Ia?au. Ianoiua e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeu
aianoa n io?yaeii ii?yeia ieacuaaee a?aao oii?iia nii?ioeaeaiea, ii
auioaeaeaiu auee ioieoe.

A Eeea ia/aeinue ainnoaiea iao?inia, iineoaeeaoaa i?ieiaii e Iiya?ueneie
?aaiethoeee a Aa?iaiee.

4 ia?oa. Oo?i. Iaioeu caiyee Ia?ao. Ionooieaoea ec TH?ueaaa, Aacaiaa?aa
e Ia?au io?yaeu ynoiineeo e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa nin?aaeioi/eeenue a
ssiao?aa.

Ia/aeenue i?aneaaeiaaiey, a?anou e caeeth/aiey a oth?ueiu aieueoaaeeia,
aeayoaeae ?aai/aai aeaeaeaiey, oao, eoi ioe?uoi aueacuaae iaaeiaieuenoai
iiyaeaieai iaioeaa. Ii ai?iaeo aue iauyaeai eiiaiaeaioneee /an. Ec
o/?aaeaeaiee, aaea aeaeii?iecaiaenoai /anoe/ii ia?aoei ia iaiaoeeee
ycue, oaieueiyeenue iaeiyeueii iano?iaiiua ynoiioeu e ?onneea.
Ai?iaeneia ianaeaiea aoeaaeueii aieiaeaei. I?ae?aoeeinue niaaaeaiea
i?iaeoeoaie ia?aie iaiaoiaeeiinoe. E?anoueyia ie/aai ia aeinoaaeyee ia
aaca?, oae eae aacoe auei ia/aai, – iaioeu ?aeaece?iaaee ii aea?aaiyi
neio, oeaa, naeueneioicyenoaaiiua i?iaeoeou. Ia?aneea iaiooaeoo?u
i?ae?aoeee i?iaeaaeo naieo ecaeaeee. I?iecaiaenoaaiiua noaiee oeaeeeii
auaiceeenue a Aa?iaieth. Iiiaea naiuee n aeaoueie ieacaeenue ia oeeoea.
Eo aunaeyee, /oiau i?aaeinoaaeoue aeeeeua iaiaoeeei ioeoea?ai e
nieaeaoai.

5 ia?oa a Niieueiii, ia Aeaenaiae?ianeie iieiaeia, ninoiyeinue
canaaeaiea eniieeiia Ynoeyiaeneiai Niaaoa. ?a/ue oea i oi?ie?iaaiee ec
Oaeeeineeo e?aniiaaa?aeaeoeaa Ynoiineiai ioaeaeueiiai eiiioienoe/aneiai
aaoaeueiia E?aniie A?iee.

Etheue. Iineaa. 2-y eiioa?aioeey ynoiineeo naeoeee ?EI(a). eiioa?aioeey
i?ecaaea anao o?oaeyueony – ynoiioeaa, i?iaeeaathueo a Niaaoneie ?innee,
anooieoue a ynoiineea iaoeeiiaeueiua /anoe E?aniie A?iee. Nicaeai Niaao
ynoiineeo no?aeeia ai aeaaa n ss. Neoaa?ii.

Ai?aeue. Noaea auoiaeeoue aacaoa «Eiiioieno» – nia/aea a? ia/aoaee a
Iao?ia?aaea e ii iaeaaaeueiui eaiaeai ioi?aaeyee a Ynoiieth. A a
iiaeiieueiie oeiia?aoee, eioi?oth ionoeee e eaoo, ia/aoaeenue eenoiaee,
aiccaaiey.

12 ai?aey “iauaaeeiaiiue eaiaean?ao” i?iaicaeanee nicaeaiea
“iacaaeneiiai Aaeoeeneiai aa?oeianoaa”… a ia?niiaeueiie oiee n
I?onneae.

Niaao i?eaaeoeeneeo caiaeue (iauaaeeiaiiue eaiaean?ao Eeoeyiaeee,
Ynoeyiaeee, ai?iaea ?eae e ino?iaa Ycaeue) ec 58 aeaeaaaoia iauyaee i
nicaeaiee «Aaeoeeneiai aa?oeianoaa», a ninoaa eioi?iai aioei oaeaea
aa?oeianoai Eo?eyiaeneia. Niaao iauyaee ia ioaeaeaiee Ynoiiee e Eaoaee
io ?innee e onoaiiaeaiee ia?niiaeueiie oiee «Aaeoeeneiai aa?oeianoaa» n
I?onneae. I?aaeoaeai yoiai «ainoaea?noaa» noae i?eioe Aai?eo
Aiaaioeieea?i, a?ao Aeeueaaeueia Aoi?iai. Auee cai?auaiu ana ia?oee,
i?ionithcu e iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee, cae?uou aacaou e aeo?iaeu.
Aaeeinoaaiiue ioeoeeaeueiue ycue aeey aeaeii?iecaiaenoaa e iao/aiey a
oeieao – iaiaoeeee.

Oa?ooneee oieaa?neoao a Ynoiiee iauyaeai iaiaoeeei. Ieeoiaiou auaiceee
ec no?aiu ana iaei-iaeuenee oeaiiia – aieioue aei ae?aaaneiu e
/a?iicaia. Aeioiaeeei aeaaea aei auaica a Aa?iaieth ?aai/ae neeu. Oua?a
iaianaiiue Ynoiiee a aiaeu ia?aie iaiaoeeie ieeoiaoeee i?aaunee 190
ieeeeiiia ?oaeae cieioii.

1 iay eiiioienoe/aneay i?aaiecaoeey i?iaaea a Oaeeeia anaiauoth
iieeoe/aneoth caaanoiaeo.

Auea ainnoaiiaeaia ia?oi?aaiecaoeey a Ia?aa.

Naioya?ue. A Oaeeeia iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii eiiioienoia ninoiyeanue anaiauay
caaanoiaea. Ana /aua a aa?iineeo iucao aanoiaaee aao?aee.

Noi?ie?iaai ia?oeeiue oeaio? – Oeaio?aeueiia ath?i eiiioienoe/aneeo
i?aaiecaoeee ieeoie?iaaiiuo iaeanoae(i?aaenoaaeoaee Iieueoe, Oe?aeiu,
Aaei?onnee, Eeoau, Eaoaee, Ynoiiee e Oeieyiaeee). A ia/aea ieoya?y 1918
a. Oeaio?aeueiia ath?i auionoeei aiccaaiea ei anai ?aai/ei e e?anoueyiai
ieeoie?iaaiiuo iaeanoae: «Oiaa?eue, aioiaueoanue e aith!… e ai?ueaa ca
onoaiiaeaiea oaniiai e a?aoneiai nithca n ?aai/a-e?anoueyineie
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeaiie Nioeeaeenoe/aneie Niaaoneie ?anioaeeeie!» Ia
ianoao i?enooieee e nicaeaieth A?E.

Aoi?ay iieiaeia ieoya?y. Iineaa. Ia?aay eiioa?aioeey ia?oeeiuo
i?aaiecaoeee ieeoie?iaaiiuo iaeanoae. Io Ynoiiee o/anoaiaae o. Iyae, ii
cayaee, /oi iano?iaiea e neiiaoee ianaeaiey ii anae Ynoiiee «a
iiaeaaeythuai aieueoeinoaa ca ian, eiiioienoia, ?aai/ea a ai?iaeao e
aaaeiyee a aea?aaiyo aeaeoo ia aeiaeaeoony aica?auaiey Niaaoneie
aeanoe».

Eiioa?aioeey i?ecaaea o?oaeyueony ieeoie?iaaiiuo iaeanoae ?acaa?iooue
ianniaoth aii?oaeaiioth ai?ueao ca naia inaiaiaeaeaiea, ca
ainnoaiiaeaiea Niaaoneie aeanoe.

24 ieoya?y. Iao?ia?aae. Niaauaiea i?aaenoaaeoaeae OeE ynoiineeo naeoeee
?EI(a) iiaeiieueiie eiiioienoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea ynoiineeo
naeoeee ?EI(a) Iao?ia?aaea e Iao?ia?aaeneie aoaa?iee. Niaauaiea ?aoeei
ia/aoue iiaeeecaoeeth anao nee aeey inaiaiaeaeaiey Ynoiiee, iai?aaeoue
ooaea iiaoth a?oiio caeaeaiiuo ai?oeia.

Iiya?ue. A Oaeeeia n niecaieaiey iaiaoeeie aaeieieno?aoeee iiyaeeinue ia
naao aiaeee a?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai ai aeaaa n Iinea – auaoei
aoaa?ineei eiienna?ii A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa.

11 iiya?y a Oaeeeia noi?ie?iaaii A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai Ynoiiee
(i?aiuea?-ieieno? E.Iyon, cai.i?aiuea?a e ieae ss.Iinea,
aiai.ieieno?-A.Ea?ea), i?iaicaeaneaoaa iacaaeneioth Ynoiineoth
?anioaeeeo. Aa?iaineee aaia?ae Caeaiaei?o ooaa?aeee ninoaa ynoiineiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa ai aeaaa n Eiinoaioeiii Iyonii.

12 iiya?y ?aai/ea Oaeeeia e Ia?au auoee ia oeeoeu n e?aniuie oeaaaie,
o?aaoy ?inionea ao?aeoaciiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. ?acaeaeenue caeiu, no?aeyee
iaiaoeeea nieaeaou e eaeonaeeo/eee («Nithc caueou»-aii?oaeaiiay
i?aaiecaoeey i?aauo). Oiaee oaeoua e ?aiaiua.

13 iiya?y a caea «Iao?iiiey» a Iineaa ninoiyeinue ia?aia canaaeaiea
AOeEEa ?NON? oanoiai nicuaa.

«Ana?inneeneee Oeaio?aeueiue Eniieieoaeueiue Eiieoao nei oi?aeanoaaiii
cayaeyao, /oi oneiaey ie?a n Aa?iaieae, iiaeienaiiua a A?anoa 3 ia?oa
1918 aiaea, eeoeeenue neeu e cia/aiey, A?ano – Eeoianeee aeiaiai?… a
oeaeii e ai anao ioieoao yaeyaony oie/oiaeaiiui…».

“O?oaeyueany iannu ?innee, Eeoeyiaeee, Ynoeyiaeee, Iieueoe, Eeoau,
Oe?aeiu, Oeieyiaeee, E?uia e Eaaeaca, inaiaiaeaeaiiua aa?iaineie
?aaiethoeeae io aiaoa a?aaeoaeueneiai aeiaiai?a, i?iaeeeoiaaiiiai
aa?iaineie aiaiueiie, i?ecaaiu iuia naie ?aoaoue naith noaeueao”.

16 iiya?y a Oaeeeia ia/aeanue Eiioa?aioeey eiiioienoe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee
Ynoiiee. A ninoaa Ynoeyiaeneiai OeE eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee eca?aiu:
?.Aaeiai, ?.Aaiieean, A.Eeiaenaii, I.Eeeaiaon e TH.?ynoan. Ao?aeoaciia
i?aaeoaeuenoai neaai. Iiaiyaeaiiia ao?aeoaciia i?aaeoaeuenoai
ioneaeeaaaony ia /anoiie eaa?oe?a, aea?aeeo a Aaeoeeneii ii?oo
(Iaeaeenee) iaaioiaa ia?ioiaeee, /oiau a neo/aa /aai oae?aoue a Oaaoeeth
eee Oeieyiaeeth. Ia aoaeue a Oaeeeia iaiaoeeeo aiene, ?aai/ea oaea
ianeieueei aeiae iacaae onoaiiaeee au naith aeanoue. Ia?oey ii/oe aac
iiiao i?iaiaeeo ieoeiae, ia/aoaao aacaoo «Eiiioieno», aaeoe?oao ia
oaa?eeao e caaiaeao.

19 iiya?y ninoiyeinue ia?aia canaaeaiea Oaeeeineiai Niaaoa ?aai/eo
aeaiooaoia a ieeoie?iaaiiie Ynoiiee. Cae ?aai/aai iauanoaa «Aaeueaay».
Nia?aiea ioe?ue /eai OeE EIY TH?e ?ynoan. I?aaenaaeaoaeai eca?ai
Aaiieean. N aeieeaaeii i oaeouai iiiaioa e a?aiaiiii i?aaeoaeuenoaa
aunooiee A. Eeiaenaii. *eaiu Oaeeeiineiai Niaaoa iaeei ca ae?oaei
iiaeieiaeenue ia noeaio e io eiaie ?aai/eo naieo oaa?ee e caaiaeia
cayaeyee i aioiaiinoe iieii/eoue n i?aaeoaeuenoaii ainiiae. Oaeeeiineee
Niaao i?eaaonoaoao i?ieaoa?eao ?innee e cayaeyao, /oi o?oaeiaie ia?iae
Ynoiiee i?ioyaeaaao a?aoneoth ?oeo o?oaeiaiio ia?iaeo ?innee aeey
ai?ueau i?ioea iauaai a?aaa. Ia iiiiuue o?oaeyueiny Ynoiiee aeaeioeenue
ynoiineea e ?onneea iieee E?aniie A?iee.

A ?eaa iiaeienai aeo (“Aeiaiai? i ia?aaea/a”), eioi?ui auea ioi?ieaia
ia?aaea/a aeanoe io aa?iaineie ieeoiaoeeiiiie aaeieieno?aoeeae
«i?aaeoaeuenoao» Ynoiiee (ai aeaaa n Eiinoaioeiii Iyonii).

20 iiya?y a Eiiaeiia (Aaeeeia?eoaiey) auoae i?eeac Aiaiiiai eaaeiaoa
Aaeie?aeoaenoao i iinueea a a. Oaeeei (Ynoiiey) yneaae?u eaaeeo
e?aena?ia a nii?iaiaeaeaiee 9 ynieioeaa.

22 iiya?y ?NON?. Naaa?iue o?iio. *anoe 6nae 7A A.Ene?eoeeiai aoaeiaaee
a.Ia?aa (Ynoiiey), ii iiae iaiai iaiaoeeie a?oeeea?ee ioioee ia
enoiaeiua iiceoeee.

27 iiya?y neeueiua ac?uau iio?ynee Ia?ao. Ionooiathuea iaioeu
oie/oiaeeee aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue iino e iiaei?aaee n?aaeiee i?ieao
aea?aayiiiai iinoa /a?ac Ia?iao.

A yoo ii/ue iaie/aneia aaanoai iaioeaa aeinoeaei naiaai aiiaay. E, oai
ia iaiaa, ieeoiaiou oniaee iaa?oceoue iiaeaiaeu iaa?aaeaiiui eiouanoaii
ia oieueei ioaeaeueiuo a?aaeaeai. Iiiai oeaiiuo aauae iaioeu auaacee ec
iocay ei. Eaa?aoeiauo, ec Aeeeu Eai?e//ei a Onoue-Ia?aa, a oaeaea iaoeiu
e iai?oaeiaaiea ia?aneeo oaenoeeueiuo oaa?ee.

28 iiya?y /anoe 6 no?aeeiaie aeeaecee iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai I.Eaaiiaa 7A
aiiaue aoaeiaaee a. Ia?aa; a aith iiaea /e.A?aiaiiiai ynoeyiaeneiai
?aaeiia ss.Neoaa?. Aunaaeea ii?neiai aeanaioa i?e iiaeaea?aeea e?aena?a
“Ieaa” e ynieioeaa “Iaoeee” e “Aao?iee” ia eaaii aa?aao ?. Ia?iaa.
Iano?ae ei?aaeyie Aaeooeioa no.Aaeaa?a e Ei?o. Aa/a?ii, iiae oa?icie
ie?oaeaiey iaiaoeeea aienea 8A inoaaeee a.Ia?aa.

A Aa?eeia (Aa?iaiey) auoae i?eeac Aiaiiiai ieienoa?noaa eiiaiaeothuaio
Ainoi/iui o?iioii ia yaaeoaoeee aa?iaineeo aiene n oa??eoi?ee
Oeieyiaeee, Ynoiiee, Eaoaee, Aaei?onnee, Oe?aeiu, E?uia, A?ocee.

29 iiya?y /anoe 6 no?aeeiaie aeeaecee I.Eaaiiaa 7 a?iee A.Aieoaeioeaaa
anooieee a a.Ia?aa. A ai?iaea ioe?ueinue canaaeaiea OeE ynoiineie
naeoeee ?EI(a) e A?aiaiiiai ?aaeiia Ynoiiee, i?iaicaeaneaoaa nicaeaiea
Ynoeyiaeneie O?oaeiaie Eiiioiu (YOE) e auionoeaoaa Iaieoano i
ainnoaiiaeaiee Niaaoneie aeanoe a Ynoiiee.

A ianoiie ?aoooa i?iaicaeaoaia Ynoiineay Niaaoneay ?anioaeeea,
iacaaiiay, ii i?eia?o Iao?ia?aaeneie O?oaeiaie Eiiioiu – Ynoeyiaeneie
o?oaeiaie eiiioiie. Iaae ?aoooae ?acaeaaaony e?aniue oeaa.

A inaiaiaeaeaiiie Ia?aa ninoiyeinue canaaeaiea OeE ynoiineeo naeoeee
?EI(a) e A?aiaiiiai ?aaeiia Ynoiiee. Auei iauyaeaii ia ia?aciaaiee
Niaaoa ia?iaeiuo eiienna?ia, a ninoaa eioi?iai aioee: Aiaaeueo –
i?aaenaaeaoaeue niaaoa eiienna?ia e aiaiiue eiienna?,

Iaaaeueiai – eiienna? ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, Iyae – eiienna? eiino?aiiuo
aeae, Aaeueia? – eiienna? ia?iaeiiai i?inaauaiey, A. Eeiaenaii- eiienna?
aioo?aiieo aeae, Eynia?o – oi?aaeythuee aeaeaie Niaaoa. I ninoaaa
i?aaieciaaiiiai Niaaoa auei n?aco aea niiauaii Iao?ia?aaeneiio Niaaoo,
eioi?ue ca iiaeienueth Ceiiaueaaa i?eneae ioaaoioth oaeaa?aiio
neaaeothuaai niaea?aeaiey:

«Ia?aa. I?aaenaaeaoaeth Niaaoa ia?iaeiuo eiienna?ia Ynoiineie ?anioaeeee

oia. Aiaaeueoo. Io eiaie Iao?ia?aaeneiai Niaaoa e Niaaoa ia?iaeiuo
eiienna?ia Nithca eiiioi Naaa?iie iaeanoe oeth ai?y/ee i?eaao ?aai/aio
eeanno Ynoiiee, i?eia?aooaio ia?aoth aaeeeoth iiaaaeo. I?ieaoa?eao anae
?innee ni aieiaieai ioiineony e aaoae aa?ie/aneie ai?ueaa. ?aai/ea
Iao?ia?aaea n/eoatho aeieaii naiae /anoe eaeoe aianoa n ynoiineeie
?aai/eie i?ioea aeeeoaoo?u ao?aeoacee. Aea cae?aanoaoao Niaaoneay
Ynoiiey! Aea cae?aanoaoao anaie?iay ?aaiethoeey. Ceiiaueaa».

A ia?iiiie ynoiineie ethoa?aineie oea?eae a Eiaoeinoaea ninoiyeny
iiiaiethaeiue ieoeia, iinayuaiiue inaiaiaeaeaieth Ia?au io iaiaoeeeo
ieeoiaioia, ai aeanoe eioi?uo ai?iae i?aauaae a oa/aiea 270 aeiae.

30 iiya?y a Ia?aa Niaao YOE i?iaicaeanee Ynoiieth iacaaeneiie Niaaoneie
?anioaeeeie.

Aeey oe?aieaiey aeanoe e ii?iaeecaoeee aeecie Ynoeyiaeneie o?oaeiaie
eiiioiu, a? Niaao i?eiye ?yae aeae?aoia. A aeae?aoa io 15 aeaeaa?y 1918
aiaea aiai?eeinue, /oi aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey ii?yaeea a a?aieoeao
Ynoeyiaeneie o?oaeiaie eiiioiu i?aaieciauaaaony iiee ?aaiethoeeiiiie
io?aiu. Aeae?aoii io 27 aeaeaa?y iaoeeiiaeece?iaaeenue, iaoiaeyueany a
i?aaeaeao Ynoeyiaeneie o?oaeiaie eiiioiu i?iiuoeaiiua i?aaei?eyoey,
onaaeueau aeiia, eaaee e o.i., nianoaaiieee eioi?uo aaaeaee ca ?oaaae.
Ca iiaeienueth caaaaeothuaai aaeieieno?aoeaiui ioaeaeii Niaaoa Aeenaea
auei iioaeeeiaaii ?anii?yaeaiea, ii eioi?iio a?aaeoaee, ai?u, e eeoea,
caieiathueany ?ani?ino?aiaieai eiaeiuo neooia, aoaeoo ?anno?aeeaathony
ia ianoa.

I?e acyoee Ia?au, a aith ieiei Eoeae, iiaeaei ieiei 80 e?aniia?iaeoeaa,
eioi?uo ?aoaii auei iioi?iieoue a a?aoneie iiaeea a Oaiiii naaeo i?ioea
i?eano?iaie ?aeiaeiu. Oaea oaeouo a e?aniuo a?iaao ianee a Oaiiue naae
?aai/ea E?aiaieueia. Iioi?iiioth i?ioeanneth nii?iaiaeaeaea ia?iiiay
oieia. O a?aoneie iiaeeu ninoiyeny ieoeia.

Oaeaea a iiya?a i?aaieciaaii Ynoiineia oaeaa?aoiia aaaionoai Ynoiineie
O?oaeiaie Eiiioiu – «YNOA». Caaaaeothuay Y. Eaeeue.

A Oaeeeia ?aaiea nicaeaaaee aiaaua ae?oaeeiu, aii?oaeaeenue,
Ynoeyiaeneee OeE aea?aeae eo?n ia iiaeaioiaeo ainnoaiey. Ii e ao?aeoacey
ia oa?yea a?aiy. Eeaea? eoeaoeeie ia?oee Iyon niaieaoee Iineo,
eeoi?aaei/ii neiea/eaae naith a?ieth – «ia?iaeiia aienei». Aio io
iaioeaa aeinoaeinue aaeiaieue i?oaeey. O Iyona iiiai ioeoea?ia ec
oea?neie a?iee e ?aca?a – eaeonaeeoo, io?yaeu aa?iiia e ?onneeo
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa. Ii ?ann/eouaaao e ia iiiiuue iaiaoeeeo ieeoiaoeeiiiuo
aiene.

5 aeaeaa?y i?aiuea?-ieieno? Ynoiineiai ao?aeoaciiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa
E.Iyon iiaeienae oeac aaaaeaiee aiaiii-iieaauo noaeia.

6 aeaeaa?y a Oaeeeia iiaeienai Aeiaiai? i iiae/eiaiee ?onneie
aaeiaaa?aeaeneie Naaa?iie A?iee ynoiineiio aeaaiieiiaiaeothuaio
aai.Eaeaeiia?o e acyoee aa ia niaea?aeaiea Ynoiiee. Niaaoneea /anoe 6
no?aeeiaie aeeaecee 7 a?iee I.Oai?eeniia ia?aoee a ianooieaiea ia
Oaeeeineii iai?aaeaiee.

8 aeaeaa?y auoae Aeae?ao NIE ?NON? i i?eciaiee iacaaeneiinoe Ynoiineie
Niaaoneie ?anioaeeee e i i?eciaiee aa i?aaeoaeuenoaa ai aeaaa
ss.Aiaaeueoii aunoae aeanoueth a Ynoiiee e i?aaeinoaaeaiee ae caeia a
?acia?a 10 iei.?oaeae.

“?inneeneia I?aaeoaeuenoai aiaiyao a iaycaiiinoue anao nii?eeanathueony
n Ynoeyiaeeae aiaiiuo e a?aaeaeaineeo aeanoae ?inneeneie Niaaoneie
?anioaeeee ieacaoue Ynoeyiaeneiio Niaaoneiio I?aaeoaeuenoao e aai
aieneai any/aneia niaeaenoaea a eo ai?ueaa ca inaiaiaeaeaiea Ynoeyiaeee
io eaa ao?aeoacee”.

Anei?a Ynoiineea e?aniua iieee iiaeioee oaea e Oaeeeio, auea
inaiaiaeaeaia aieueoay /anoue Ynoiiee. Ii ia iiiiuue ynoiineei ao?aeoyi
iiniaoeee aiaei-aia?eeaineea eiia?eaeenou e oeineea aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu.

9 aeaeaa?y iineaaeiea iaiaoeeea /anoe iia?oceeenue a Oaeeeia ia ei?aaee
e ioauee ia ?iaeeio.

12 aeaeaa?y a ii?o a. Oaeeeia aioae io?yae aiaeeeneeo aiaiiuo ei?aaeae.

I?eoiae aiaeeeneie yneaae?u e?ooi eciaiee ianoaiiaeo. Ainnoaiea
ioeiaeaii aei iiaeoiaea e?aniuo no?aeeia. Aeeaeaeoay caaea/a – ia
aeiionoeoue aiaeeeneoth ieeoiaoeeth Oaeeeia. Oaeeeiineee eiieoao EIY
?aoaao i?aaieciaaoue anaiauoth noa/eo e auaanoe ?aai/eo ia
aeaiiino?aoeeth iiae eicoiaii: «Aii aiaee/ai!»

E?aniua iieee ionooieee e eiiioia i?ae?aoeea naith aeayoaeueiinoue.

15 aeaeaa?y a Aaeaa caaeeai niaeaeaiu 15 o/anoieeia ainnoaiey
o?oaeyueony i?ioea aaeiaaiaeeoia.

A yoio aea aeaiue a eiioea?oiii caea «Ynoiiey» a Oaeeeia oaeeeiineee
Niaao ?aai/eo aeaiooaoia i?iaae ieoeia. Nia?aeinue aei o?ao ouny/
/aeiaae, ec ca iaaeinoaoea iano a caea iiiaea inoaeenue ca aeaa?ueie.

Aaeiai naeaeae aeieeaae e aian ?aciethoeeth ca eioi?oth iiaeiyeenue
ouny/e ?oe. A iae ?aai/ea Oaeeeia cayaeyee i naiae ?aoeiinoe ai?ioueny:

«N iiiiuueth Aiaeee ynoiineay ?aaeoeey oi/ao i?iaeieaeaoue oaiaoaiea
o?oaeyueony e iiaoi?eoue a Ynoiiee oaeoth aea e?iaaaoth aaith, eaeay
auea ono?iaia iaoei oiaa?euai a Oeieyiaeee. Oaeeeiineea ?aai/ea o?aaotho
iono?aiaiey oaeiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Niaao ?aai/eo aeaiooaoia, eae
aaeeinoaaiii iiaeeeiii ia?iaeiia i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai, aeieaeai
iaiaaeeaiii acyoue aeanoue a naie ?oee…

Oaeeeiineea ?aai/ea au?aaeatho oaeaea naia i?ac?aiea oai nioeeaeenoai –
eoaeai, eioi?ua iiaeaea?aeeaatho eiio??aaiethoeeiiioth ao?aeoaceth e
iuoathony i?iaeaoue aa?iiaeneiio eaieoaeecio iaoo ?iaeeio aianoa ni anai
ia?iaeii e anaie aa aiaaonoaaie».

?aciethoeey caeai/eaaeanue i?ecuaaie:

«Iu o?aaoai ooiaea eiino?aiiuo aiene ec no?aiu! Nia?oue ynoiineie
aaeiaaa?aeaeueia! Aea cae?aanoaoao Niaaoneay ?anioaeeea ynoiineeo
o?oaeyueony!»

16 aeaeaa?y e?aniua no?aeee acyee ?aeaa?a e Eoiaea, iinea iiiaiaeiaaiuo
oyaeaeuo aiaa inaiaiaeeee Oaia, ia?a?acaee aeaeacioth aei?iao,
niaaeeiythuoth Oaeeei e Oa?oo.

17 aeaeaa?y iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii Oaeeeiineiai eiieoaoa EIY a noieeoea
i?iaaaeaia aeaiiino?aoeey ?aai/eo iiae eicoiaaie: «Aeieie eioa?aaioia!»,
«Aiaee/aia, aii ec Ynoiiee».

?aai/ee ethae ia/ae niae?aoueny ?aii oo?ii ia Iao?ianeie ieiuaaee.
Iiaiaea auaeaeanue ianio?iay, aeua oeaae ec-ca yoiai eacaeenue aua y?/a.
?aai/ea iino?ieeenue a eieiiio e aeaeioeenue e ?aoooiie ieiuaaee, aaea a
aeaooyoaaeiii caeaiee iiiauaeinue i?aaeoaeuenoai. Ia ieiuaaee ninoiyeny
e?aoeee ieoeia. A?iiei ?acaeaeenue aicaeanu: «Aii aiaee/ai!», «Aeieie…,
aeieie!»

E aae?oa ieiuaaeue iaeaneeanue auno?aeaie – no?aeyee ec aeioiaie e
ioeaiaoia. Niaa iaaa?eeny e?iaueth. Ii i?eeaco ao?aeoaciiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa aaeiaaa?aeaeoeu ioe?uee iaiiue ii aaci?oaeiui ?aai/ei.
Ianeieueei ?aai/eo iieo/eee ?aiaiey, oaeo Y.A?aii. a oio aea aeaiue
a?anoiaai aai a?ao O.A?aii, eioi?iai ca o/anoea a aeaiiino?aoeee
i?eaiai?eee e 15 aiaeai eaoi?ae.

Eiay ca naiae nieiie aiaeeeneea e?aena?a e ynieioeu, ao?aeoaciia
i?aaeoaeuenoai iniaeaei e i?e iiaeaea?aeea aiaeeeneie ii?neie iaoiou
ia?aoei a ianooieaiea. ?aciaiai Oaeeeineee Niaao ?aai/eo aeaiooaoia,
aaaaeaiu aiaiii-iieaaua noaeu, iiae no?aoii no?iaie ea?u cai?auaiu
anyeea nia?aiey.

Ouny/e caeeth/aiiuo aeanoe a?ineee ca «eieth/eo» eiioeeaaa?ae a
Iyynethea, Aeeeo, Ayyia-Iyyo?e.

Oth?ai ia oaaoaei, a canoaiie i?aa?auai oaeeeiineee yeaaaoi?.

Ii iaaeiaieth a ni/oanoaee eiiioienoai a?anoiaaiu /eaiu ?aai/aai
eiieoaoa Oaeeeiineiai aaoi?aiiioiiai caaiaea.

E ana aea…

18 aeaeaa?y /anoe E?aniie a?iee inaiaiaeeee a. Aaeaa, a /aou?a aeiy
nionoy e?aniue iiee aioae a Oa?oo. A Aaeaa, Oa?oo e a ?yaea ae?oaeo iano
i?e iiaeoiaea e?aniuo /anoae ?aai/ea iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii eiiioienoia
iiaeieiaee aii?oaeaiiia ainnoaiea.

23 aeaeaa?y a Eoiaea i?iecioea uunaaeea oeineiai aeanaioa ia ei?aaeyo
a?eoaineiai oeioa, a oueo niaaoneie 6nae 7A Naaa?iiai o?iioa.

24 aeaeaa?y /anoe e?aniie 6nae 7A I.Oai?eeniia acyee a.Oain

25 aeaeaa?y a Oaeeeia i?iecioae a?oiano?ae ai?iaea ynieioeaie e?aniiai
Aaeoeeneiai oeioa “Aao?iee” e “Nia?oae”.

26 aeaeaa?y ei?aaeyie aiaeeeneie yneaae?u o Oaeeeia (Ynoiiey) caoaa/aiu
niaaoneea ynieioeu “Nia?oae” e “Aao?iee”.

27 aeaeaa?y ia cae?uoii canaaeaiee iaaiyyaa eca?aia aeaeaaaoeey e
aiaeeeneiio aaeie?aeo Neieea?o – i?ineoue, /oiau aiaeeeneia
i?aaeoaeuenoai ieeoie?iaaei Ynoiieth… Ii iiaiyaoenue naiaai ?aai/aai
eeanna i?aaeoaeuenoai Aaeeeia?eoaiee aeaei ei ioeac.

1919

Ia/aei yiaa?y. E?aniua /anoe oaea aaee aie ca Euyeyooia, /oi a 25-oe
eeeiiao?ao io Oaeeeia.

Iyon ioi?aaee naiaai ieieno?a eeaea?a i?aauo nioeeaeenoia ?ay a
Oeieyiaeeth ca aiaiiie iiiiuueth. Iaea/ oeineeo ?aai/eo Iaiia?aaei
ioi?aaee a Ynoiieth nia/aea io?yae, a caoai e oeaeue iiee. Ia/aeanue
aa?aiaea iaaiieeia aeey aaeie Ynoiiee a Oaaoeee e Aeaiee.

A aaeiynoiineie a?iee ianniaia aeaca?oe?noai. Ec ioi?aaeaiiuo ia thaeiue
o/anoie o?iioa 2500 nieaeao ii aei?iaa naaaeaei iieoi?u ouny/e. A
?acoeueoaoa aeaca?oe?noaa a ?yaea iieeia inoaaaeinue ii 150 nieaeao.
Oieueei iiae oa?icie nia?oiie eacie eee 15-oe eao eaoi?ae ao?aeoaciia
i?aaeoaeuenoai «iiaeiyei neeo aeooa o naieo aiene»

A yiaa?a aaeiynoiineay a?iey e oeineea iaaiieee ioaeee noaioeeth
Ayaaeeaeo. Caoai i?i?aaee o?iio.

7 yiaa?y ynoiineea aienea e /anoe ?onneiai Naaa?iiai ei?iona
aai.A.?iaecyiei (5 oun.ooueia e naaaeue) ia?aoee a ianooieaiea i?ioea
niaaoneie 7A I.Oai?eeniia ia Ia?aneii e TH?ueaaneii iai?aaeaieyo.

8-ai iaea Oaia, a ii/ue ia 11-a ?aeaa?a, 14 yiaa?y – Oa?oo, 1 oaa?aey –
Aaeaa e Au?o.

?anno?aeu i?iaeieaeathony. Aeinoaoi/ii aeiiina e aeaaea eiaeiiai, /oi
eoi –ieaoaeue aue /eaiii ia?oee eiiioienoia e nia?oiue i?eaiai?
iaania/ai. N?aaee aiaiiiieaiiuo anao eiiioienoia ?anno?aeeaatho.

18 yiaa?y iiae Ia?aie a aicaeoo aceaoaee aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue e
aea?aayiiue iinou. *anoe E?aniie a?iee ionooieee. A yoo ii/ue i?ae?aoeea
naia nouanoaiaaiea Ynoeyiaeneay o?oaeiaay eiiioia, i?inouanoaiaaaoay 52
aeiy. A Ynoiiee ia/aeanue iiaay aieia “aaeiai

oa??i?a”. A Oaia auei oaeoi ieiei 300 /aeiaae, a Oa?oo — 280, a Au?o —
500, a Ia?aa – 400. A Oaeeeia oieueei a yiaa?a 1919 aiaea iiaeaei aieaa
noa ?aai/eo, a oii /enea eiiioienou Eioaiian Eoiia?, THeeon Othon
(iicaea eo eco?iaeiaaiiua oaea auee caeiiaiu ia aieioa Nuyiyae).

Aunaaeea ynoiineiai ii?neiai aeanaioa n ei?aaeae aiaeeeneie yneaae?u a
i.Aoiaa?ao?a.

19 yiaa?y aienea oeineeo e oaaaeneeo iaaiieeia aioee a Ia?ao. Oeiiu
n?aco aea iieacaee naay ianoiyueie aieiai?acaie, a ia?iaea eo iacuaaee
«iynieeaie». A Ia?aa nae?ainoaiaaee “iynieee” ec aaoaeueiia I. Yeno??ia,
eioi?ua ia?aae nia?oueth iiaeaa?aaee naie aea?oau caa?neei enoycaieyi
(caeanue iaei aei 400 /aeiaae). Enoa?caiiua o?oiu aaeyeenue ia oeeoeao —
eo auei cai?auaii oi?iieoue. Aeinoaoi/ii auei eiio-eeai ec ieo neacaoue,
/oi oaeie-oi /aeiaae eiiioieno, eee aeaaea ni/oanoaothuee, eae
iiiaioaeueii neaaeiaaea ?ani?aaa, – ?anno?ae i?ienoiaeee ia ianoa. N
iiiiuueth oaaaeia e oeiiia ynoiioeu iaaiaeeee «ii?yaeie» a ai?iaea. Oea
iniiaaoaeueiay /enoea ia anao i?aaei?eyoeyo e a o/?aaeaeaieyo. Iniaaiii
ia oaa?eeao a?anoiauaaeenue aeayoaee ?aai/eo nithcia e i?ionithciuo
i?aaiecaoeee. Iiiaea eiiioienou iieeioee Ia?ao aianoa n ionooieaoae
E?aniie A?ieae. *anoue ec ieo ooea a iiaeiieuea.

Aeaenoaey ao?aeoaciie ynoiineie aeanoe auee iai?aaeaiu ia oieueei i?ioea
eiiioienoia. Ouaieyeenue eioa?anu ?onneeo. Iaciaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai
ycuea auei aeinoaoi/iui iiaiaeii aeey oaieueiaiey ec eacaiiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee. Oiaeieci iaoae aeaaii?eyoioth ii/ao a n?aaea iaoiiuo e
iaaeaeaeeo ii naiaio ?acaeoeth iaoeeiiaeenoe/anee iano?iaiiuo ynoiioeaa.

22 yiaa?y Ynoiineea aienea io?aceee ianooieaiea niaaoneie 7A ia a.Ia?aa.
Oaa?aeue. A?iey ynoiineiai a?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa caoaaoeea ai?iaea
Aaeeo e ?oeaio (Niaaoneay Eaoaey).

16 oaa?aey ia/aeinue ainnoaiea o?oaeyueony ino?iaia Naa?aiaa e Ioooiaa.
A oeaeii ainnoaiey auee iai?aaeaiu i?ioea ao?aeoacee e aa?iiia, i?ioea
aioeniaaoneie eioa?aaioeeiienoneie iieeoeee i?aayuae eeeee. Ia iaaeey ie
iaeiiai aeiy, iie nicaeaee ia?iaeiia aienei aei 1000 /aeiaae, eioi?ia n
o?ao noi?ii aeaeioeinue ia Eo?annaa?a (A?aiao?a) e aaei n naa?aiaaneeie
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaie ianoiyuea aie. Ainnoaiea i?iaeieaeaeinue iyoue aeiae.
Ia ino?ia aunaaeeeenue ea?aoaee, eioi?ua aeanoiei iiaeaaeee ainnoaiea.
Ia/aeanue ?ani?aaa! Oaeoi aieaa 300-o /aeiaae. Ieiei 100 iiaeaa?aee
ioaee/iie ii?ea. Inoaeueiuo oao, eoi ia oioae neoaeeoue a ao?aeoeneie
a?iee, i?eaiai?eee e eaoi?aa e oth?ueia n?ieii aei 20 eao.

18 oaa?aey ii eieoeeaoeaa aiaiiuo iennee no?ai Aioaiou iaaeaeo
iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneeie i?aaeoaeuenoaaie Eaoaee e Ynoiiee auea aeinoeaiooa
aeiaiai?aiiinoue i aiaiiii nithca i?ioea Niaaoneie ?innee e
eii?aeeiaoeee niaianoiuo aeaenoaee.

A ai?aea, /oiau cae?aieoue naia ainiiaenoai, ao?aeoaciua aeanoe i?iaaee
auai?u a O/?aaeeoaeueiia nia?aiea. I?ioanooy i?ioea “aaeiai oa??i?a”,
eiiioienou iaeaaaeueii ioia/aoaee e ?ani?ino?aieee noeeeciaaiiue iiae
ecae?aoaeueiue atheeaoaiue “Nienie ?11 — nienie ?aniyoiai o?oaeiaiai
ia?iaea”, aeeth/ea a iaai 120 eiai iaaoeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia.
O/?aaeeoaeueiia nia?aiea i?eiyei 19.5.1919 a. aua iaeei “Aeo i
iacaaeneiinoe” Ynoiiee, iaicia/ea “ieii/aoaeueiue ?ac?ua oao naycae,
eioi?ua niaaeeiyee aa n ?inneae ia i?ioyaeaiee aeaoo iineaaeieo
noieaoee”.

1 iay iiae e?aniuie ciaiaiaie auoee o?oaeyueany ia oeeoeu Oaeeeiia. Iie
i?ioanoiaaee i?ioea aioeniaaoneie aieiu. Inoaiiaeeenue oaa?eee e
caaiaeu. Aeii ia oeeoea Noo?-Ea?uey, 18 oe?aneeny aeuie iieioieuaie.
Ao?aeoacey a ioaao auaaneea naie neia-/a?ii-aaeua oeaae. Niiaa ia
oeeoeao canaenoaee ioee. Ooo aea a?anoiaai aanue Oeaio?aeueiue Niaao
i?ionithcia, caaanoiaee cai?auaiu iiae no?aoii nia?oiie eacie.

A aaeiynoiineie a?iee ?anoao iaaeiaieuenoai aieiie. Ia ia/i?neii o/anoea
o?iioa 7-e iiee ioeacaeny eaeoe a ianooieaiea, ioeacaeenue n?aaeaoueny
i?ioea e?aniuo aiene e iiae?acaeaeaiey 5-ai iieea.

13 iay 1919 aiaea aeia?iaieue/aneee Naaa?i-Caiaaeiue ei?ion iiae
eiiaiaeiaaieai iieeiaieea ?iaecyiei (ieiei 6 oun. ooueia e naaaeue) a
ninoaaa Oaeaaneiai, Aaeianeiai, Aieuineiai, Ino?ianeiai e Eieuaaineiai
iieeia, a?oeeea?eeneiai aeeaeceiia, eaaaea?eeneeo /anoae ia?aoee
Ynoiineoth a?aieoeo a ianeieueeeo iai?aaeaieyo: ii ssiao?aneiio oinna e
aeaeaciie aei?iaa a noi?iio Iao?ia?aaea, ii ?aea Iethnna ia thai-ainoie
ii oinnaeiie e aeaeaciie aei?iaa Ia?aa-Aaeia. Eaaaea?eeneea /anoe iiae
eiiaiaeiaaieai iieeiaieea Aoeae-Aoeaoiae/a, oi?ie?iaaaoeany a ?aeiia
Ia/a?neiai oacaea, eiaee caaeaiea caoaaoeoue Aaeia, Ino?ia, Ineia.
Aii?aee naiei iaoeeiiaeueiui eioa?anai ao?aeoaciay Ynoiiey
i?eniaaeeieeanue e iioiaeo ?iaecyiei. Yoi auee /anoe 1-e ynoiineie
aeeaecee (ieiei 6 oun. /ae.) – ia ia?aneii iai?aaeaiee e 2-y ynoiineie
aeeaecee -aaeianei-ineianeii iai?aaeaiee. A oaeaea ni noi?iiu A?eoaiee
i?eiyea o/anoea a yoii iioiaea aiaeeeneay yneaae?a aaeie?aea Eioyia.

Eiiioienou Ynoiiee aeaeaee ana, /oi auei a eo neeao, aeey n?uaa iioiaea.
Iie i?iaaee a Oaeeeia ianeieueei noa/ae, auionoeee aeanyoee ouny/
yecaiiey?ia eenoiaie n i?ecuaii e nieaeaoai ia aiaaaoue i?ioea E?aniie
A?iee. Ioeoea?u aaeiynoiineie a?iee aeaeiaaeenue, /oi a ieiiao /anoi
iaoiaeyo eiiioienoe/aneea eenoiaee, «?aceaaathuea» nieaeao.

A yoo ii?o E?aniay A?iey naea?aeeaaea iaoene Aaeie A?iee aaia?aea
Aeaieeeia e aaea iaeanoi/aiiua aie n ianooiaaoeie n ainoiea /anoyie
a?iee aaeie?aea Eie/aea. Iiyoiio iiaiio o?iioo ia naaa?i-caiaaea n?aco
ia auei oaeaeaii aeinoaoi/iiai aieiaiey.

15 iay iae Aaeia, /a?ac aeaa aeiy aue caiyo ssiao?a. 25 iay eiiieoea
Aoeae-Aoeaoiae/a ai?aaeanue a ai?iae Ineia e o/eieea no?aoioth ?ani?aao
iaae eiiioienoaie e ni/oanoaothueie niaaoneie aeanoe. Ii ianeieueeo
aeiae aenaee ia noieaao oaea iiaaoaiiuo. Iai?anii ?iaenoaaiieee
aaeyeenue a iiaao o Aoeae-Aoeaoiae/a, oiieyy ?ac?aoeoue niyoue
iiaaoaiiuo. Ii aue iaoiieei, cayaea: «Aoaeoo aenaoue aeey ono?aoaiey
ianaeaiey!». Aeaaea oa, eoi aue iaaeiaieai niaaoneie aeanoueth, eoi n
caoaaiiie iaaeaaeaeie iaeeaeae i?eoiaea Aaeie A?iee, auno?i
?aci/a?iaaeenue a inaiaiaeeoaeyo. Caieiay ai?iaea, naea, aea?aaie,
eiiaiaeiaaiea Naaa?i-Caiaaeiiai ei?iona n?aco aea iauyaeyei oioaeueioth
iiaeeecaoeeth anaai niiniaiiai iineoue i?oaeea ianaeaiey. O aeeoaeae
ioieiaee oeaa, naeueneioicyenoaaiiua i?iaeoeou, neio, oaiiyee eioaaeae.
E?anoueyiei-ecaic/ee iaycai aue nii?iaiaeaeaoue eioaaeue n oaeaaie,
inoaaeyy aieiaeiuie aeaio e aeaoae. ?inei iaaeiaieuenoai iiaie
aeanoueth. Ianaeaiea caiyouo aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaie ?aeiiia Iao?ia?aaeneie e
Ineianeie aoaa?iee, /oiau ia auoue iiaeeeciaaiiuie, ne?uaaeinue a eanao
e aeaca?oe?iaaei a E?anioth A?ieth. Iaeaieaa /a?iinioaiii iano?iaiiua
ioeoea?u ia ne?uaaee naieo enoeiiuo iaia?aiee, i?iaicaeaoay eicoia «ca
oea?y, ca iiiaueeia». Noi?ie?iaaiiua iieee ec iiaeeeciaaiiiai ianaeaiey
ooo aea ?annuiaeenue, ?ioaie ia?aoiaeeee ia noi?iio E?aniie A?iee.
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiue ei?ion aea?aeaeny ia ioeoea?neeo niaaeeiaieyo e
aeia?iaieueoeao.

Iinea caoaaoa Aieiniai iaaenea na?ueaciay oa?ica iaae Iao?ia?aaeii, a
eiaaea ei?ion noae iiaeoiaeeoue e Aao/eia, eiiaiaeiaaiea E?aniie A?iee
aac i?iiaaeeaiey ia?aa?ineei ia naaa?i-caiaaeiue o?iio
iyoeaeanyoeouny/ioth 7-th a?ieth. Ianooieaiea auei ia oieueei
i?einoaiiaeaii, ii aaeua auioaeaeaiu auee iai?iiyoueny, a ia iaeioi?uo
o/anoeao o?iioa e ionooieoue. Ia/eiay n 22 ethiy ii anaio o?iioo
iaaethaeaeinue iauaa ionooieaiea. E eiioeo aaaonoa any caoaa/aiiay
oa??eoi?ey auea i/euaia io Naaa?i-Caiaaeiiai ei?iona, inoaoee eioi?iai a
iaie/aneii aaanoaa aa?ioeenue a i?aaeaeu Ynoiiee e niiaa inaee a Ia?aa e
i?eeaaathueo aea?aaiyo. Iaoaea/a ia iaaneo?aaeeea eieoeeaoi?ia iioiaea
ia Iao?ia?aae – aiaeeeneia e o?aioeocneia eiiaiaeiaaiea, /a?ac naieo
i?aaenoaaeoaeae, oiieiiii/aiiuo aiaiiuo iennee a Oaeeeia, ?ac?aaaouaaee
a oeoe eaaeiaoia iiaua ieaiu iioiaea aeey caoaaoa oeeoaaeaee
?aaiethoeee. I?eciaa aeiiaieeii iaoaea/iiai iioiaea iieeiaieea
?iaecyiei, nithcieee i?eaeaneee ia iino aeaaiieiiaiaeothuaai
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee aaia?aea THaeaie/a.

Eiy THaeaie/a iiaaaeii cao/aei ai a?aiy ia?aie ie?iaie aieiu, eiaaea ii
eiiaiaeiaae a?ieae ia ?onnei-oo?aoeeii o?iioa. Aai aienea ooo?iii
iaeaaeaee e?aiinoueth Y?ca?oi, ca /oi THaeaie/ aue i?aaenoaaeai e
iaa?aaeaeaieth iaeiie ec aunoeo ioeoea?neeo iaa?aae – i?aeaio Aai?aey
Iiaaaeiiinoea. Ii ieii/aiee aieiu THaeaie/ aeee a noieeoea Oeieyiaeee
Aaeueneiaoi?na. Ioooaea ii i?eaue ia o?aioeocneii ieiiiinoea a ?aaaeue.
Iainiiaaeny THaeaie/ a Ia?aa, niya eaa?oe?o a aeiia ianeaaeieeia
Eaa?aoeiauo ia aoeueaa?a.

A iioaeeeiaaiiii i?eeaca Aa?oiaiiai aeaaiieiiaiaeothuaai aaeie?aea
Eie/aea aaia?ae THaeaie/ iacia/aeny eiiaiaeothuei Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie
a?ieae, eiay caaeaiea n iiiiuueth aiaeeeneiai oeioa inaiueth 1919 aiaea
iaeaaeaoue Iao?ia?aaeii. A Ynoiieth aeanyoeaie ieuee ia?iiiua o?ainii?ou
ec aiaeeeneeo e o?aioeocneeo ii?oia n naiieaoaie, oaieaie, i?oaeeyie,
a?iiaiaoeiaie, nia?yaeaie e ae?oaei aii?oaeaieai e aiaauie caianaie a
?anii?yaeaiea a?iee THaeaie/a. NOA /a?ac ieaai ioi?aaeyee i?iaeoeou
ieoaiey: aaeoth ioeo, eiina?ae?iaaiiia naei, oooaieo, naouaiiia iieiei,
eaeai, e?oiu e i?.

A Ia?aa e ie?anoiinoyo oei ia?aoi?ie?iaaiea inoaoeia Naaa?i-Caiaaeiiai
ei?iona e iiiieiaiea ca n/ao i?eauaoeo ec I?eaaeoeeneeo ainoaea?noa,
Iieueoe, ?onneeo aeia?iaieueoeaa, aeaaiui ia?acii ioeoea?ia, thiea?ia e
aeaaea eaaeaoia. A Naaa?i-Caiaaeioth a?ieth oeaeeeii aeeeanue i?eaoaaoay
ec ?eae ioee/ii iniauaiiay, iaeaoay a iaiaoeeoth oi?io, ioeoea?neay
aeeaecey eiycy Eeaaia.

Ii ianoiyieth nithcie/aneeo aiaiiuo iennee a Oaeeeia e n aeaaineiaeaiey
Ynoiineiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia ianouanoaothuae oa??eoi?ee auei ia?aciaaii
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiia i?aaeoaeuenoai, eioi?ia aicaeaaee a ea/anoaa
i?aiuea?-ieieno?a ecaanoiue iaooai?iiuoeaiiee oea?neie ?innee Eeaiicia,
iaeiia?aiaiii caiyaoee iino ieieno?a oeiainia.

I?e ?iaecyiea, ia a?aiaiii caiyoie ei oa??eoi?ee, a ia?auaiee auee
eoith?u ii 20 e 40 ?oaeae, auiouaiiuo A?aiaiiui i?aaeoaeuenoaii
Ea?aineiai. Ii nouanoao yoa aaethoa ia eiaea ieeaeie oeaiu, ia ia?
ie/aai iaeuecy auei eoieoue, oai aieaa /oi iaaaceiu, ec-ca ionoonoaey
oiaa?ia, ia ?aaioaee. I?ienoiaeeea iaiiaay oi?aiaey. Nieaeaou
caieiaeenue a?aaaaeaie e ia?iaea?noaii, iaiaieaay iaa?aaeaiiia ia oaaae,
aaeuea, iuei. Ianaeaiea ai?iaeia ianei iineaaeiea o?yiee a aea?aaie,
iaiaieaay eo ia i?iaeoeou ieoaiey. Neiaeaiiua a aa?iioeo e ia
?ac?acaiiua «ea?aiee» ecia?yeenue a?oeiaie, eie /aua anaai ea?aee aeaoe,
ieeoi ia n/eoae eo ca aeaiueae.

Eeaiicia ?aoee auionoeoue aeaiueae Naaa?i-Caiaaeiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa a
iieiie oaa?aiiinoe, /oi iie aoaeoo auniei eioe?iaaoueny i?e acyoee
Iao?ia?aaea. Eo ioia/aoaee a Oaaoeee. Ia?aia a?aiy eo ioioii i?eieiaee a
Ynoiiee, iaiaieaaee ia ynoiineea e?iiu e oeaiou, iioiio /oi auee
oaa?aiu, /oi aeaiueae auiouaiu iiae aa?aioee aiaeeeneiai e o?aioeocneiai
eacia/aenoa.

Aua aei ia/aea aoi?iai iioiaea ia Iao?ia?aae – 28 naioya?y 1919 aiaea
Eeaiicia iioaeeeiaae a «Aanoieea Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee» ? 55 io 27
aaaonoa, o.a. ca ianyoe aei ia/aea aiaiiuo aeaenoaee, /?acau/aeii
ethaiiuoiia ia?auaiea e ?onneiio ianaeaieth ia caiyoie
naaa?i-caiaaeieeaie oa??eoi?ee. I?eaiaeo aeineiaiue oaeno: «Aeaiueae
iaycaoaeueiu e i?eaio ia ?onneie oa??eoi?ee. *a?ac o?e ianyoea ii
caiyoee Iao?ia?aaea, auioneaaiua iuia aeaiaaeiua ciaee aoaeoo
iaiaieaaoueny Iao?ia?aaeneei ainaaieii aac ia?aie/aiey noii.
I?aaeoaeuenoai Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie iaeanoe aeaao aa?aioeth,
iaania/eaathuoth eaaeaeiio ii i?aaeuyaeaiee auioneaaiuo aeaiaaeiuo
ciaeia a Iao?ia?aaeneie eiioi?a ainaaiea a oa/aiea /aou?ao ianyoeaa
iieo/aiea aeaiaaeiie noieiinoe ciaeia a aiaeeeneie aaethoa, i?e?aaieaay
40 ?oaeae iiauo ciaeia iaeiiio ooioo noa?eeiaia».

Iiaeii ii anyeiio ioiineoueny e aaaioth?a Eeaiiciaa aicaeaaeyoue
i?aaeoaeuenoai, o eioi?iai iao e eei/ea nianoaaiiie caiee e auioneaoue
aeaiueae, ia eiathuea ieeaeiai iaania/aiey. Ii i?i?i/anee
i?aaeneacuaaoue, /oi Iao?ia?aae aeieaeai auoue acyo /a?ac o?e ianyoea
iinea ia/aea aiaauo aeaenoaee e /oi oiaaea a Iao?ia?aaeneii aaiea
ia/iaony iaiai eeaiicianeeo aeaiaa ia ooiou noa?eeiae, iia oieueei
/aeiaae n yaiuie ioeeiiaieyie a ineoeea.

24 iay 1919 aiaea 3-y ynoiineay aeeaecey ia/aea ianooieaiea ia eaouoneeo
aieueoaaeeia a iai?aaeaiee Aieueia?a (Eaoaey). I?aaeoaeuenoai Aiae?eaana
Ieae?u iio?aaiaaei io ynoiioeaa iieeiooue oa??eoi?eth Eaoaee.

19 ethiy 1919 aiaea ynoiineay a?iey anooieea a aiaaua aeaenoaey i?ioea
/anoae ianoiiai inocaeneiai iiie/aiey, o.a. eaouoneiai eaiaeanaa?a e
iaicieeia ec aa?iaineie “AEaeaciie aeeaecee”.

23 ethiy 1919 aiaea e aa/a?o eaouoneee eaiaeanaa? aue auaeo ec ai?iaea
Oeanena (Auiio). Ynoiineee aaia?ae Iuaeaea? iauyaee 23 ethiy Aeiai
iiaaaeu iiae Auiio. 3 ethey 1919 aiaea auei caeeth/aii ia?aie?ea. Iioa?e
n ynoiineie noi?iiu a eaouoneii iioiaea ninoaaeee 251 /aeiaae oaeouie e
1041 ?aiaiuie.

A ii/ue ia 4 ethey, ai a?aiy iaeiiai ec iieeoeaeneeo iaeaoia, iiaea /eai
Oeaio?iniaaoa i?ionithcia Ynoiiee eiiioieno A. Naa?eon.

10 ethey ieiei 4 ouny/ nieaeao caianiiai iieea a Oa?oo iio?aaiaaee
iaiaaeeaiiiai ie?a n Niaaoneie ?inneae. O?e nieaeaoa iiaaoaiu, 22
?anno?aeyiu, 10 ioaee/ii auii?iou, inoaeueiua ioi?aaeaiu a eiioeeaaa?ue.

19 ethey Ynoeyiaeneee OeE ia?aoeeny e o?oaeiaiio ia?iaeo n iaieoanoii, a
eioi?ii i?ecuaae aai e ai?ueaa ca ie? n Niaaoneie ?inneae.

10 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea iiae aeaaeaieai aiaeeeneie aiaiiie iennee
nicaeaaony i?aaeoaeuenoai Naaa?i-Caiaaea ?innee. Aoaeouea /eaiu
i?aaeoaeuenoaa iiaeienuaatho aeo i i?eciaiee ainoaea?noaaiiie
iacaaeneiinoe Ynoiiee a iaiai ia aiaiioth iiiiuue.

11 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea i?aaeoaeuenoai Naaa?i-Caiaaea ?innee iiae
aeaaeaieai aiaeeeneiai aaia?aea Ia?oa iiaeienuaaao iiaia cayaeaiea i
i?eciaiee iacaaeneiinoe Ynoiiee, a eioi?ii oaea iao oiiieiaiey i aiaiiie
iiiiue n ynoiineie noi?iiu.

26 aaaonoa ia niaauaiee a ?eaa n o/anoeai i?aaenoaaeoaeae Eaoaee,
Ynoiiee e Eeoau no?aiu Aioaiou aeiaeeenue caeeth/aiey niaeaoaiey i
niaianoiuo aeaenoaeyo i?ioea Niaaoneie ?innee.

30 aaaonoa a Oaeeeiia ia/aeny 1-e nuacae i?ionithcia Ynoiiee,
i?aaenoaaeyaoee 40 ouny/ i?aaieciaaiiuo ?aai/eo. Iiaeaaeythuaa
aieueoeinoai aeaeaaaoia auee eiiioienou e eo noi?iiieee. A ii/ue ia 1
naioya?y ia o?eaoio iiaeiyeny ?aai/ee Iao?ianeie aa?oe Eioaiian Aeeee e
iio?aaiaae ie?a n Niaaoneie ?inneae. Aeaaeo?eaoee a caea aeaiaea?ineee
ioeoea? cayaee, /oi nuacae cae?uo. Oiaaea nae?aoa?ue Niaaoa i?ionithcia
Yaeioiae Oaiia? aineeeeioe: «Nuacae nai ?ac?aoeo naaa i?iaeieaeaoue
?aaioo!» e i?iecian ieaiaiioth ?a/ue i?ioea aieiu e ca ie? n Niaaoneie
?inneae. Iaaeaeo oai, a cae oaea a?uaaeenue iieeoeaeneea. Ana aea
oaeaeinue iaeaneoue ?aciethoeeth, e iia auea i?eiyoa aaeeiiaeanii. Cae
iaeaneee aicaeanu: «Aeieie aieio!», «Aea cae?aanoaoao Niaaoneay
?anioaeeea!». I?eiyoay nuacaeii ?aciethoeey ioe?uaaeanue neiaaie:

«Ynoiineee ?aai/ee eeann aoaeao anaie neeaie e anaie eiathueie o iaai
n?aaenoaaie ai?ioueny ca oi, /oiau ynoiineay a?iey ia auea eniieueciaaia
aeey aiaoaoaeuenoaa a aeaea Niaaoneie ?innee e aeey iiaeaea?aeee ?onneeo
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa e eiio??aaiethoeee».

?aciethoeey caeai/eaaeanue neiaaie i?ecuaa:

«Aea cae?aanoaoao ie? n Niaaoneie ?inneae!».

Nuacae i?iaieiniaae oaea ca ?aciethoeeth, eiaaea a cae ana aea
ai?aaeenue aii?oaeaiiua aeaiaea?iu. Aeii ?aai/eo, aaea i?ioiaeee nuacae,
ioeaieai iieeoeeae e aieneaie. Iiae oaea?aie i?eeeaaeia ethaee iaee
«Eioa?iaoeeiiae» e aue?eeeaaee: «Aeieie aieio!». 76 aeaeaaaoia nuacaea
auee a?anoiaaiu. N?aaee a?anoiaaiiuo ia nuacaea auee E. Aeee, A. Aiion –
i?aaenaaeaoaeue Oeaio?iniaaoa i?ionithcia Ynoiiee, I. Eiieueiaenoa?, A.
I?ooeue, E. ?eeniai, TH. Oeiii, O. Aaiieean, A. Oiaa?a, Ia?oa Oiaa?a, Y.
Oaiia?, I. Uoi e ae?.

A anaai a yoio aeaiue noaa/aii 102 aeoeaiuo aeayoaey ?aai/aai
aeaeaeaiey. A?anou i?iecaiaeeeenue ii ca?aiaa caaioiaeaiiui nieneai. Eo
auneaee iiae Ecai?ne, aaea 3 naioya?y 1919 aiaea- 25 ?anno?aeyee, a
inoaeueiuo iiae iaiai a?iiaiiacaea iiaiaee a noi?iio e?aniuo ieiiia.
Caeanue eo i?eiyee ii a?aonee e ioi?aaeee a Iao?ia?aae.

Ia/aeenue ianniaua a?anou n?aaee o?oaeyueony, ?aca?iieaiu ?aai/ea
i?aaiecaoeee e oie/oiaeai ?oeiaiaeyuee i?aai ynoiineeo i?ionithcia –
Oeaio?iniaao.

A eiioea aaaonoa 1919 aiaea aacaoa Waba maa niiauaao i ninoiyaoaeny
aeaii?oaoeee ec ?aaaey (Oaeeeiia) 7 ouny/ eiino?aioeaa, iinaeeaoeony a
i?aaeaeao Ynoiineie ?anioaeeee iinea 1 iay 1915 aiaea, a oii /enea 4
ouny/ ?onneeo aaaeaioeaa (a iniiaiii aeaiuei e aeaoae).

Ana eaoi a oaeeeiineii ii?oo ?aca?oaeaeenue noaea iiae oeaaaie Aiaeee e
NOA. Iie aeinoaaeyee aeey a?iee THaeaie/a iooee, oaiee, nia?yaeu,
aeioiaee, nia?yaeaiea. Naaa?i-Caiaaeiay a?iey aaeuo niiaa aioiaeeanue e
iiaiio iioiaeo ia Iao?ia?aae. N aaaonoa ii ieoya?ue 1919 a. a?iey
THaeaie/a iieo/eea io a?eoaineeo nithcieeia 30 000 aeioiaie, 20 iei.
aeioiai/iuo iao?iiia, 32 i?oaeey, 59 000 nia?yaeia, 4 oaiea, 6 naiieaoia
e iaioiaee?iaaiea ia 40 000 /aeiaae.

17 naioya?y. Ineia. Ia/aeenue ie?iua ia?aaiai?u iaaeaeo i?aaenoaaeoaeyie
ao?aeoaciie Ynoiiee e ?NON?, ii auee n?aco i?a?aaiu Ynoiineie noi?iiie.
Eiia?eaeenou Aiaeee e ae?oaeo aea?aeaa Aioaiou iio?aaiaaee, /oiau
Ynoiiey iaiaaeeaiii ioeacaeanue io ie?iuo ia?aaiai?ia n ?inneae e
iiaeaea?aeaea THaeaie/a a aieia i?ioea ?onneeo ?aai/eo e e?anoueyi.
Ynoiineay aeaeaaaoeey iio?aaiaaea auaiaea anao /anoae ?EEA ca eeieth
Iao?ia?aae – Aeii – Aaeeeiai Eoee – Aeoaane – I?oa e eeeaeaeaoeee
Aaeoeeneiai oeioa.

A eiioea naioya?y THaeaie/ ia/ae iiaue iioiae ia Iao?ia?aae. Aianoa n
iei aunooiaea aaeiynoiineay a?iey. Ao?aeoaciay i?anna n eeeiaaieai
ienaea: «E?aniue Iao?ia?aae – neaaa e ai?aeinoue eiiioienoe/aneie
?aaiethoeee – nei?i aoaeao a ?oeao aa?ie/aneie a?iee iaeaiueeie
Ynoiiee!»

28 naioya?y 1919 aiaea, ni?ieaouny/iay Naaa?i-Caiaaeiay a?iey THaeaie/a,
iniauaiiay ia?aieeanniie aiaeeeneie e o?aioeocneie aiaiiie oaoieeie i?e
iiaeaea?aeea

18-oun. ynoiineie a?iee e aiaeeeneie yneaae?u, anooieea ia oa??eoi?eth
Niaaoneie ?innee. N/anouea ia?aiia/aeueii eae aoaeoi oeuaioeinue
THaeaie/o. Ca o?e iaaeaee aiaiiuo aeaenoaee, e 20 ieoya?y, ii noiae aac
iniaiai o?oaea acyoue ssiao?a, Eoao, Aao/eii, E?aniia naei. Ia
iiaenooiao e Ioeeianeei aunioai iiaaaeiue ia?o Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee
aue i?einoaiiaeai oii?iui nii?ioeaeaieai /anoae E?aniie A?iee,
ia?aa?ioaiiuo n ae?oaeo o?iioia A?aaeaeaineie aieiu.

Oaea/iui iaiaa?ii aicea noaioeee I?aia?aaeaineay ia Aa?oaaneie aeaeaciie
aei?iaa, E?aniay A?iey noiaea aeiaeoueny ia?aeiia a aiaauo aeaenoaeyo,
nicaeaa oa?ico acyoue a eieueoei a?ieth THaeaie/a e io?acaoue a? io
oueia e ionooieaiey. *oiau ia ieacaoueny a ie?oaeaiee, THaeaie/o
i?eoeinue n?i/ii ionooieoue.

Aacaoa «Aanoiee Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee» ienaea 4 iiya?y:

«Iiae aeaaeaieai i?ioeaieea iaoe /anoe inoaaeee Eoao. Anoue ee io/aai
i?eoiaeeoue a oiuiea? Aiaiiia n/anouea aiiaua ia?aiai/eai. Iaoa
ionooieaiea a iaeiii ianoa iiaea/ao ca niaie cia/eoaeueiue iooiae
aieueoaaeeia a ae?oaii ianoa». E aeaeueoa aacaoa ienaea: «*anoe
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee i?iecaiaeyo ia?aa?oiie?iaeo aeey io?aaeaiey
ianooiathuaai ia Ineianeii iai?aaeaiee i?ioeaieea. Iu auioaeaeaiu auee
inoaaeoue Aaeia. Ia aao/eineii iai?aaeaiee iu ioioee ia eeieth noaioeee
A?oaea…» A /a?ac aeaa iaaeaee naiioniieiaiiinoue i?aa?aoeeanue a
ioe?uoue oeeieci. A «Aanoieea Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee» io 16 iiya?y
ia?aaeiaay noaouey niaea?aeaea neaaeothuea no?iee: «Iu iaaeeaiii, oaa ca
oaaii ionooiaai. Iooiaeei ia iiae aeaaeaieai i?ioeaieea, – yoi aeaeii ec
oiai, /oi i?e iooiaea iu caae?aai ieaiiuo e ioeaiaou. Ii/aio iu
iooiaeei? Ioaao ia yoi, aa?iyoii, a iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiii a?aiaie iu
iieo/ei, a iiea iiniio?ei, – anoue ee a yoii /oi-ieaoaeue no?aoiia…».

A no?aoiua niauoey iaoiieeii e auno?i iaaeaeaaeenue, eae a?iciaua /a?iua
iaeaea, i?aaeaauaaoea ao?th. O?aaaaeeth iiaeaathuae Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie
a?iee iuooee, e eae e?una n oiiouaai ei?aaey, ionoeeny iaooae, nai
eiiaiaeothuee a?ieae – aaia?ae THaeaie/. Ca o?e aeiy aei iacia/aiiiai
Eeaiiciaui n?iea anooieaiey Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee a Iao?ia?aae, a ? 356
aacaou «Aanoiee Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee» iiyaeeny oaeie i?eeac:
«Eiiaiaeothuee aieneaie oaao?a aiaiiuo aeaenoaee e aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?
Aeacaiai i?iecaiaeeony a aaia?ae-eaeoaiaioa. A aeaeo neiaeiie
iieeoe/aneie ianoaiiaee, o?aaothuae /anoiai e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiiai iiaai
i?aauaaiey a ai?iaea ?aaaeue, inoaaeyy ca niaie iauaa ?oeiaiaenoai
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?ieae, iaiin?aaenoaaiiia eiiaiaeiaaiea ath aiceaaath
ia aaia?ae-eaeoaiaioa Aeacaiaia».

No?yoioa n naay ?acaeooth, aeaii?aeeciaaiioth a?ieth, THaeaie/ oeiaeee
/aiiaeaiu e anei?a oieue ec Ynoiiee ai O?aioeeth.

Ionooieaiea e ?aceiaeaiea a?iee oei naiei /a?aaeii. A?aaaaee e
ia?iaea?noaa noaee iau/iuie yaeaieyie. Ii-i?aaeiaio aan/einoaiaae
«aaoueei» – iieeiaiee Aoeae-Aoeaoiae/, eioi?ue naiiee/ii, aac noaea e
neaaenoaey, aaoae e ?anno?aeeaae «eiiioienoia».

Ineianeay aacaoa «Ca?y ?innee» ia ?ac ienaea oaaeaaiua noaouee a aae?an
yoiai aa?iy a eaau/eao. Oae a iaeiii ec iiia?ia aacaou /eoaai:

«22 ethey 1919 aiaea a eaoiai naaeo Ineiaa i?ienoiaeeei /anoaiaaiea
iieeiaieea Aoeae-Aoeaoiae/a, i?iecaaaeaiiiai a /ei aaia?ae-iaei?a. Iinea
niaeoaeey aai iicae?aaeyei ianoiia eoia/anoai e i?aiiaeianei aae?an n
iaaeienueth: “Eociaoe Aaeoea inaaeeae /a?oa, a ou, aaoueea-aoaiai,
eiiioienoa”.

Au? aei naiaai en/aciiaaiey ca a?aieoeo, aaia?ae THaeaie/ oniae
iioaeeeiaaoue i?eeac, a eioi?ii iaaeiyaiue a ?acaiyo, a?aaaaeao,
auiiaaoaeuenoaa, i?iecaiaenoaa oaeueoeauo aoiaaeiuo aeaiaa
Aoeae-Aoeaoiae/ iono?aiyaony io eiiaiaeiaaiey, iiaeaa?aaaony a?anoo e
i?aaeaaony noaeo. Ieeaeiai noaea iaae Aoeae-Aoeaoiae/ai ia auei.
Iaoeenue ae?ocuey, eioi?ua niinianoaiaaee aai inaiaiaeaeaieth e aaanoao
a Iieueoo.

A Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee iaoiaeeeinue iaiaei aiye, iiaeiaiuo
Aoeae-Aoeaoiae/o, ioee/aaoeony oai, /oi oai?eee «oaiyeei» noae iaae
nieaeaoaie, ecaeaaaeenue iaae ieie, aeee, i?e/ai niaa?oaiii
aaciaeacaiii, ia iany ca naie aacia?acey ieeaeie ioaaonoaaiiinoe.

Aacaoa «Aanoiee Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee» ca ? 199 iiae caaieiaeii
«Aiaiiue noae» ieoao: «Ia aeiyo a caea canaaeaiey iauaai noaea
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee neooaeinue aeaei auaoaai eiiaiaee?a Ineianeiai
iieea, iieeiaieea Oiaa?iaa e aai aaeuthoaioa i?aii?ueea A?oeiiaa.
Oiaa?iao eie?eieie?iaaeenue oyaeeea i?anooieaiey: iiaaoaiea aac noaea e
neaaenoaey iieeiaiai eaioaia?iona ca e?aaeo iaeiiai ioaea ioee, ecaeaiea
ieaoeie iiae/eiaiiuo. Oiaa?ia ioneae a oiae ieaoeo iacaaeieai aei aiy,
iuoaynue aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia oao nieaeao e ioeoea?ia, eioi?ua ia aeaeaee
eaeoe a aie. Iinea aeaooaeiaaiiai neooaiey aeaea noae auian Oiaa?iao
ii?aaaeaoaeueiue i?eaiai?».

Iaaiciiaeii aac aiciouaiey /eoaoue iiaeiaioth caiaoeo. O?oaeii
aiia?aceoue, /oiau i?ecaaiiue ainieouaaoue naieo iiae/eiaiiuo,
iaea/aiiue aieueoeie i?aaaie e iaycaiiinoyie eiiaiaee? iieea iia ianoue
aei oaeie iecinoe e a aeiaa?oaiea anaai ca naie yaii iaeacoaiua
i?anooieaiey iia auoue ii?aaaeai noaeii.

*oi aea i?iecioei aeaeueoa n ouny/aie nieaeao e ioeoea?ia ?aca?iieaiiie
e ionooieaoae a Ynoiieth a?ieae, a?ioaiiie ia i?iecaie noaeueau
oaaaeaaoeie ca a?aieoeo aaia?aeaie, i?aaeoaeuenoaii, ai aeaaa n
Eeaiiciaui e eieoeeaoi?aie iioiaea ia Iao?ia?aae, i?aaeoaeuenoaaie
Aiaeee, O?aioeee e Aia?eee? Anee iinea ia?aiai iaoaea/iiai iioiaea
Naaa?i-Caiaaeiiai ei?iona iieeiaieea ?iaecyiei, ionooieaoea
naaa?icaiaaeieee, noiaee aani?aiyonoaaiii aa?iooueny a Ynoiieth e
iainiiaaoueny a Ia?aa, oi ia yoio ?ac niauoey i?eiyee ae?oaie iai?io.

A ynoiineeo i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo e?oaao, oaaaeaeaiiuo a aanieiaeiinoe
caoaaoa Iao?ia?aaea, ?acei eciaieeinue ioiioaiea ia oieueei e
?oeiaiaenoao Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee, ii e e ?yaeiaiio ninoaao a?iee. Yoi
iiaeii auei iaaethaeaoue ii i?eauoee iiiai/eneaiiuo yoaeiiia n
ionooiathueie aieneaie ia noaioeeth Ia?aa – 2-y. Noaioeey Ia?aa – 2-y,
iuia ia nouanoaothuay, iaoiaeeeanue ia ?acaeeea aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo iooae
Ia?aa-Iao?ia?aae e Ia?aa-Aaeia, o ia/aea oinna Ia?aa-Aaeia. Iaaieueoea
noaioeeiiiua iiiauaiey ?aciauaeenue a eiioea Iiaie eeiee, ii/oe o
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai ia?aacaea. Caeanue ninoaau inoaiaaeeaaee
iia?aie/ieee. Ia iiiiaaee ieeaeea oaiai?u i?iionoeoue oaieooee n
nieaeaoaie /a?ac aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue iino ia noaioeeth Ia?aa. Ynoiineea
aeanoe, na?ueacii iaaniieiaiiua ninoiyieai caei?iauey aieiaeiuo,
caaoeaaaoeo nieaeao, n?aaee eioi?uo eiaeenue neo/ae caaieaaaiey oeoii,
i?aaeeaaaee eo ?acianoeoue a iieeioouo aeiiao ia Eaaiai?iaeneii
oi?ooaaeoa e a ionoothueo ei?ionao Noeiiiie e Eueiii?yaeeeueiie oaa?ee,
ia ioneay ca ?aeo a nai ai?iae.

Ia?aaiai?u ii ?aciauaieth e iaono?ienoao aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa, inoaaaaoeony
a oieiaeiuo oiaa?iuo aaaiiao, aac ai?y/ae ieue, a oaeaniuo
aioenaieoa?iuo oneiaeyo, aac i?aaa iieeiooue aaaiiu, i?iaeieaeaeenue
ianeieueei aeiae. Ca yoi a?aiy ianeieueeei aeanyoeai nieaeao oaeaeinue
iieeiooue aaaiiu e i?iieeiooue a ai?iae. N?aaee ieo, eae iioii
auynieeinue, auee aieueiua nuiiui, aica?aoiui e a?thoiui oeoii.

A eiioea, eiioeia, aieueiuo e iaiiuiuo ?acianoeee ii aieueieoeai,
inoaeueiuo a iieiiae?iaaiiuo aaaiiao iiaacee a noi?iio Euoae, aao?a/eoue
ia oooi?ao a Eeeoeneoth, Eo?ianeoth, Iaaa?neoth, Ecaeneoth aieinoe.
Noaeueaa eo anao auea iaeeiaeiaa. Eae a Ia?aa, oae e ca a? i?aaeaeaie
naaa?icaiaaeieee iiaeaee io yieaeaiee oeoa. Iaeei ca ae?oaei ia
eeaaeaeua a Neaa?naaocai i/aeenue a?ociaeee n aieuie neaeaoaie, /ooue
i?ee?uouie ?aaiuie a?acaioaie, ia?onaie iiaeieiaaoeieny eaa?oo. Oaea
auee eia-eae iaa?inaiu a eociaa e oi?iieee eo, eiia/ii, aac a?iaia a
a?aoneoth iiaeeo. Iicaeiaa ia ia?iiiii oieia aue aiae?oaeai /oaoiiue
e?ano n iaaeienueth: «A?aoneay iiaeea aieiia Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee,
iiaeaoeo ai a?aiy yieaeaiee oeoa a 1919-1920 a.a.».

Auea e ae?oaay a?aoneay iiaeea naaa?i-caiaaeieeia ia Eaaiai?iaeneii
eeaaeaeua. E caeanue, o thaeiie noaiu, iia?aaaia ia iaeia nioiy. Ia
aunieii eaiaiiii iinoaiaioa auneony aeaeaciue e?ano n iaaeienueth: «Ia
nai ianoa iieiyony no?aaeaeueoeu – aieiu Naaa?i-Caiaaeiie a?iee, io ?ai
e oeoiciiai ii?a neii/aaoeany a 1920 a. Eiaia aea eo, ou Ainiiaee,
aane!». Naieo iaiyoieea aaaiaaeueneee oaeno: «Iu oaeaaeaai oao, eioi?ua
oa?iaee!».

5 aeaeaa?y a Oa?oo ia/aeenue ie?iua ia?aaiai?u n Niaaoneie ?inneae.

1920

2 oaa?aey ao?aeoaciia i?aaeoaeuenoai Ynoiiee auioaeaeaii iiaeienaoue
ie?iue aeiaiai? n Niaaoneie ?inneae. Yoi ninoiyeinue oieueei aeaaiaea?y
?inoo ?aaiethoeeiiiuo aunooieaiee a oueo e a /anoyo aaeiynoiineie a?iee.
Ynoiineay ao?aeoacey ia?aay auoea ec aioeniaaoneie aieiu e caeeth/eea
ie? n Niaaoneie ?inneae.

Iaaeaee /a?ac o?e iinea caeeth/aiey Oa?ooneiai ie?iiai aeiaiai?a a
Oaeeeia ioe?ueinue i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai ?NON?. I?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai
?acianoeeinue a ainoeieoea «Iao?ia?aaeneay», caiyei aanue aoi?ie yoaae.

Ii ie?iiio aeiaiai?o ao?aeoaciia i?aaeoaeuenoai Ynoiiee iaycaeinue
i?aaeinoaaeoue Oaeeeiineee ii?o e aeaeacioth aei?iao e a?aieoea aeey
o?aiceoa caeoieaiiuo ?NON? a Caiaaeiie e Naaa?iie Aa?iia oiaa?ia.
Oa?ooneee ie? i?iaee «ieii a Aa?iio». Niaaoneay ?inney iieo/eea
aiciiaeiinoue oi?aiaaoue n Caiaaeii. A ?acoeueoaoa ?ac?ooe, aucaaiiie
aieiaie, ?NON? ioaeaeaeinue ii/oe ai anai, e o?aiceo oiaa?ia /a?ac
Ynoiieth eiae aeey iaa ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea. N ioe?uoeai iaaeaaoeee
1920 aiaea a Oaeeei iaeei ca ae?oaei noaee i?eauaaoue noaea n a?ocaie
aeey Niaaoneie ?innee. E n?aco aea iaia?oaeeeenue iiiuoee ni?aaoue
o?aiceo eee ii e?aeiae ia?a iaa?aaeeoue aio. Ia/aeinue iiaaeueiia
ai?ianoai a ?aaaeueneii ii?oo, i?e/ai oeuaiea a?ocia i?ienoiaeeo ia
oieueei a o?thia e i?e aua?ocee.., ii e iinea eiaaea a?oc iaoiaeeeny
iiae io?aiie.

A?oc/eee ec /enea aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa, inaaoeo a Ynoiiee iinea ?aca?iia
THaeaie/a, aioeniaaonee iano?iaiiua iioaiou e i?inoi ethaee aac nouaea e
niaanoe ?aaee iaoee n ioeie, naoa?ii, e?oiaie, ?acaeaaee i caieth yueee
n naiieineeeaie e ae?oaeie iaoeiaie. Ii?/a a?oca noaea iianaaeiaaiui
yaeaieai e i?eiyee ?acia?u aaaenoaey.

E?oiiue oua?a o?aiceoo i?e/eiye e naaioaae ii?oiauo aeanoae,
ceiiaia?aiii caaea?aeeaaeenue naiieineeee e ae?oaie n?i/iue a?oc. Aeanoe
aacaeaenoaiaaee, e I?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai ?NON? ia?aoeeinue ca iiiiuueth e
?aaiethoeeiiiui i?ionithcai, eioi?ua aeaenoaiaaee iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii
iaeaaaeueiie eiiia?oee. I i?inueaa I?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa ?NON? a Ynoiiee
Oaeeeiineee Oeaio?aeueiue Niaao i?ionithcia iinoaaee a ecaanoiinoue OeE
EIY. Ii aai oeacaieth Niaao i?ionithcia aianoa n nio?oaeieeaie
I?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa ?NON? iaiaoeee ia?u aeey «aieaa ?aoeeiiaeueiie
iinoaiiaee o?aiceoiiai aeaea aiiaua». ?aoaii nicaeaoue niaoeeaeueioth
a?oaeue, eioi?ay acyea au ia naay ana ?aaiou, ia/eiay n aua?ocee oiaa?ia
ec ia?ioiaeiuo o?thiia e eii/ay iia?oceie a aaaiiu. Ii nicaeaiea a?oaee
o?aaiaaei a?aiaie, a aeaei aeaeaoue ia iiaei.

I?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai ?NON? noaei iaae?aoue noi?iaeae aeey io?aiu a?ocia
ii ?aeiiaiaeaoeee Oaeeeineiai Oeaio?aeueiiai Niaaoa i?ionithcia(OeNI).
Ii e yoe ia?u i?iaeaiu ia ?aoeea. Noi?iaeae iaei, a ii?oiaua aeanoe
noaee /eieoue ei anyeea iiiaoe a ?aaioa, e noi?iaea ieacaeenue ia a
neeao i?aaeioa?aoeoue oeuaiey, iieiieo e ii?/o a?ocia. Iieiaeaiea
ineiaeiyeinue e oai, /oi a nithca ii?oiauo ?aai/eo ieacaeenue oeo?ieee,
aioeniaaonee iano?iaiiua iioaiou e anyeea i?ioiaeeioeu, aieioue aeey
aaaioia io?aiee. OeE EIY i?iaae /a?ac eiiioienoia ii?oa i?iaa?eo e
onoaiiaee, /oi yoio nithc «naiui aaccanoai/eaui ia?acii iie?uaae ai?ia e
niaeoeyioia». OeE EIY auneacaeny ca oi, /oiau Oaeeeiineee OeNI eneeth/ee
ec /enea naieo i?aaiecaoeee niaa?oaiii neiii?iiaoe?iaaaoee naay nithc
ii?oiauo ?aai/eo, ioeieie au io iaai /anoiuo ?aai/eo, nicaeaa ec ieo
a?oaeue a?oc/eeia iiae iacaaieai «O?ainii?oiue nithc». Yoi oeacaiea OeE
EIY auei i?iaaaeaii a aeeciue. Eeiaenaii A.Y. a nayce n yoei ienae:
«AEaeiau i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?NON? iiaoaeeee iaoeo oiaa?euae ?aneieioue
nithc ii?oiauo ?aai/eo e o/?aaeeoue nithc ec /anoiuo ?aai/eo. Ii
iieeoeey auaiaea ec ii?oa /eaiia iaoaai nithca, eiaaea oa i?enooieee e
aua?ocea i/a?aaeiiai ia?ioiaea n oiaa?aie aeey ?NON?. Yoi auei oai
aiciooeoaeueiaa, /oi onoaa iiaiai nithca aue ca?aaeno?e?iaai a caeiiiii
ii?yaeea».

Noaei i/aaeaeiui, /oi nouanoaoao oaeiue naiai? n oeaeueth n?uaa
auiieiaiey aaaeiuo noaoae Oa?ooneiai ie?iiai aeiaiai?a e iaianaiey
e?oiiiai oua?aa Niaaoneie ?innee. I?ioea niaaoneiai o?aiceoa aeaenoaoao
a?aaeoaeueneee o?ano, i?inoe?athueeny io ai?ia-a?oc/eeia e
iin?aaeie/aneeo eiioi? aei iieeoeaeneeo aeanoae e naiiai ieieno?a. OeE
EIY iaia?aaaaony aeaoue oeacaiea eiiioienoe/aneie ?aai/ae a?oiia a
Ainoaea?noaaiiii nia?aiee aunooieoue n cai?inii, ia eaeii iniiaaiee
/eiyony i?aiyonoaey iiaiio ii?oiaiio nithco, e ?aciaea/eoue
a?aaeoaeueneee o?ano.

A nenoaia I?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa ?NON? eiaeny O?ainii?oiue ioaeae
(«o?aiceoiue ioaeae», «o?aiceoiay neoaeaa»), eioi?ue aaaeae i?eaieie a
ii?oo oiaa?ia, iia?oceie eo a aaaiiu e ioi?aaeie a Niaaoneoth ?inneth.
Ia iino caaaaeothuaai o?ainii?oiui ioaeaeii i?iiee auaoee aano?eeneee
ioeoea? Oeieaae. Oeieaae ioeacuaaeny a?aoue noi?iaeaie ethaeae,
?aeiiaiaeiaaiiuo Oaeeeineei Oeaio?aeueiui Niaaoii i?ionithcia, a a?ae
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa e anyeee na?iae. Oeieaae e ia i?ioanoiaae, eiaaea
iieeoeey auaiaea /eaiia iiaiai nithca, oaea i?enooieaoeo e ?aca?ocea
ia?ioiaea n oiaa?ii aeey ?NON?. Ii ioeacaeny nio?oaeie/aoue n iiaui
nithcii iiea ia aoaeao oaieai Niiia?eeia. Aeaeii ii iaoae Oeieaae
oai?eoue a?yciua aeaea.

A eiioea oaa?aey 1921 aiaea aii?in i iieiaeaiee, neiaeeaoainy a ii?oo,
ianoaeaeaeny ia canaaeaiee Iieeoath?i OeE EIY n o/anoeai /eaia OeE,
ioaaonoaaiiiai ca ia?oeeioth ?aaioo a Oaeeeia.

OeE EIY ?aoee aeiaeaaoueny, /oiau iiaue nithc aue aeiiouai e ?aaioai a
ii?oo, iineieueeo eia/a iaeuecy iieii/eoue n oeuaieai e ii?/ae a?ocia,
iinooiathueo aeey ?NON?. E oiio aea, aac ?aaiou neaeaee aeaanoe /eaiia
nithca, a naiiio nithco a?icee ?acaae, i?e aeaaii?eyoiuo aea oneiaeyo,
/eneaiiinoue iiaiai ii?oiaiai nithca eaaei iiaeii aeiaanoe aei oanoenio
/aeiaae.

Ii oeacaieth OeE ia?oeeiue eieeaeoea ii?oa caiyeny niaa?oaiii iaiau/iui
aeey iaeaaaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee aeaeii – ?ac?aaioae eiie?aoiua ia?u ii
oeo/oaieth ?aaio a ii?oo. Ii ii?oiaia ia/aeuenoai ieeae ia ?aaae?iaaei
ia i?aaeeiaeaiey eiiioienoia, ia?aaeaiiua /a?ac eaaaeueiua i?ionithcu.

A iaaeaaoeey oaea ia/aeanue, e a?aaeeoaeuenoai iiaei i?eiyoue aua
aieueoea ?acia?u. Oeieaae iioe?ae ?oee.

OeE EIY ?aoee ia?aoeoueny n ienueiii a Iineao, a OeE ?EI(a). A iai ii
/aoei noi?ioee?iaae iaaeiaiey, eioi?ua OeE i?aaeuyaeye Oeieaae, eaaeaeia
iaaeiaiea auei iiaee?aieaii oaeoaie, nia?aiiuie ?aai/eie e i?iaa?aiiuie
ia?oeeiui eieeaeoeaii ii?oa. Caoai a ienueia neaaeiaaei «iaaeieoaeueiia
caeeth/aiea»:

«Oeieaae eaii?e?oao ianoiue Oeaio?aeueiue Niaao i?ionithcia aieaa
iineaaeiaaoaeueii, iaaeaee iauanoai oaa?eeaioia e caaiae/eeia.

a) oaea o?aoee ianyoe Oeieaae ia i?eieiaao ia ?aaioo ?aai/eo,
?aeiiaiaeiaaiiuo Oeaio?aeueiui Niaaoii, a i?eieiaao caaaaeiiuo
aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa, iioaioia e i?i/eo eeoe, ioe?uoi iiiinyueo Niaaoneoth
aeanoue…

a) Oeieaae niaa?oaiii eaii?e?oao oa?eoioth iieeoeeo ynoeyiaeneeo
i?ionithcia… eo/oa iiea/eaaao aaeiaaa?aeaeoeaa, i?ioaaeoeo naie noaae o
THaeaie/a eee Aaeaoiae/a. Iie?iaeoaeuenoai aaeiaaa?aeaeoeai i?iecaiaeeo
naiia neaa?iia aia/aoeaiea ia oe?ieea neie ianoiuo ?aai/eo…

Oeaio?aeueiue eiieoao EIY n/eoaao a?aaeiui i?e ianoiyuai iieiaeaiee
aauae aeey eioa?ania ?NON? «?aaioo» a. Oeieaae».

OeE EIY aian ia ?anniio?aiea ?EI(a) i?aaeeiaeaiea ia «ono?aiaiee a.
Oeieaae n caieiaaiie aeieaeiinoe e iacia/aiee ia yoio iino oiaa?eua,
niiniaiiai iinoaaeoue o?aiceoiia aeaei ia iaaeeaaeauoth aunioo».
Iaaeaaiee i?eacae a Oaeeei eiiennee ?aai/aa-e?anoueyineie einiaeoeee
?NON? aeey i?iaa?ee ?aaiou oi?aiaiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa «i?iecaae ia
ii?oiauo ?aai/eo aeaaii?eyoiia aia/aoeaiea… e ?aai/ea iaeeaeatho, /oi
ia/iaony enei?aiaiea cea».

OeE ?EI(a) ii?o/ee Ia?iaeiiio eiienna?eaoo aiaoiae oi?aiaee, eioi?iio
iaiin?aaenoaaiii iiae/eiyeanue o?aiceoiay neoaeaa ?NON? a Ynoiiee,
i?eiyoue ia?u e ono?aiaieth aiiethueo aacia?acee. 1 ieoya?y 1921 aiaea
eieeaaey Ia?eiiaiaooi?aa aeieiaeeea a OeE ?EI(a), /oi «oee?eoey?iui
?anii?yaeaieai Eiienna?eaoa io 15 naioya?y n.a. caaaaeothuee
o?ainii?oiui ioaeaeii ?aaaeueneiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa Oeieaae caiaiai
ia?oeeiui eiaeaia?ii Aeoiyeii».

Oaea 23 naioya?y Oeieaae naeae aeaea Aeoiyeo e oaoae a Eiiaeii.

A Oaeeei a iiiiuue I?aaenoaaeoaeuenoao ?NON? aue oiaaea aea iai?aaeai
/eai eieeaaee Ia?eiiaiaooi?aa Aaaaa. Ii aica?auaiee a Iineao o. Aaaaa
ienae «…ee/ii iiao niiaueoue neaaeothuea, i?e iiai iinauaiee ?aaaey y
oaaaeeeny /oi … /anoue ?aai/eo ec nithca eiaao aeaeaiea ?aaioaoue
iaiin?aaenoaaiii a O?ainii?oiii ioaeaea iaoaai ?aaaeueneiai
i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa…» Iaeiia?aiaiii ii niiauee, /oi ii aai
?aeiiaiaeaoeee a Oaeeei i?eaue «ynoiineee oiaa?eu Aeueaa?o… N iiiaioa
aai i?eauoey a Ynoiiee ia/aeanue na?ueaciay ai?ueaa n oeuaieyie».

*a?ac Eniieeii Eiieioa?ia nae?aoa?ue OeE ?EI(a) A.I. Iieioia aeiaae aei
naaaeaiey OeE EIY i «i?aaei?eiyouo ia?ao ii oeo/oaieth iieiaeaiey n
niaaoneei o?aiceoii /a?ac ?aaaeueneee ii?o».

Aieueooth ?ieue a iaeaaeeaaiee o?aiceoiie neoaeau nua?ae I.I. Eeoaeiia,
iiaue iieiiii/iue i?aaenoaaeoaeue ?NON? a Oaeeeia. A.E. Eaiei ee/ii
iai?aaee a Oaeeei aeey ?aaiou a Oi?aiaii i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa ?NON? I.A.
Aiaeueyiiaa, nano?i?aoeeiai ?aai/aai, o eioi?iai Aeaaeeie? Eeuee/
ne?uaaeny iinea etheueneeo aeiae 1917 aiaea. Aiaeueyiia iacia/ai
caaaaeothuei ii ?aiiioo e niaaaeaieth niaaoneeo noaeia.

O?aiceo iinoaiaiii iaeaaeeeny. Ca ia?aua oanoue ianyoeaa 1922 aiaea a
ii?o i?eauei 212 eiino?aiiuo ia?ioiaeia, aeinoaaeaoeo aeey ?NON? 305
ouny/ oiii ?acee/iuo a?ocia.

11 ia?oa a Oaeeeia iiaua a?anou ?aai/eo. Ooaa?aeaeai nia?oiue i?eaiai?
Eooaa?ao, a?anoiaaiiiio a aeaeaa?a 1919 aiaea ca «oe?uaaoaeuenoai /eaia
OeE».

27 ai?aey aa/a?ii, n iiiiuueth i?aaeaoaey, a?anoiaaiu A. E?aoen, A.
Aiaaeaiia, A. Na?iao, ?. Eyyn, A. Aaiaa? e ae?oaea. Iie nia?aeenue ia
eiinie?aoeaiie eaa?oe?a aeey ianoaeaeaiey aii?ina i ia?aiiaeneie
aeaiiino?aoeee.

A ethia Aiaiii-ie?oaeiie noae ?anniio?ae «i?ioeann 35-oe». Ca
aioeainoaea?noaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue A. E?aoen e A. Aiaaeaiia
i?eaiai?aiu e ?anno?aeo, a inoaeueiua e ?aciui n?ieai eaoi?ae.

Ii a iineaaeiee aeaiue i?ioeanna ?aai/ea oaeeeiineeo i?aaei?eyoee iiae
?oeiaiaenoaii Oaeeeiineiai ai?eiia EIY ia/aee caaanoiaeo. Aanoothuea
ie?oaeeee caeaiea noaea, i?aaieciaaee aeaiiino?aoeeth i?ioanoa. Iie
o?aaiaaee ioiaiu i?eaiai?a, ii?aaaeaiey i?aaenoaaeoaeae o?oaeyueony,
aiienoee anai iieeocaeeth/aiiui, ioiaiu aiaiiiai iieiaeaiey.

Naith nieeaea?iinoue n i?ieaoa?eaoii Ynoiiee au?aceee ?aai/ea e ae?oaeo
no?ai. Eaaay e ?aai/ay ia/aoue Aiaeee e Neaiaeeiaaee ienaee i aeanoieii
oa??i?a, oea?eaoai a ao?aeoaciie Ynoiiee, e o?aaiaaea ioiaiu nia?oiiai
i?eaiai?a.

Iiae aeaaeaieai ia?iaeiuo iann ao?aeoacey ioiaieea auianaiiue A. E?aoeno
e A. Aiaaeaiiao nia?oiue i?eaiai?, caiaiea aai 10 aiaeaie eaoi?ae. Yoi
auea iaaieueoay, ii iiaaaea!

A aaaonoa a Oaeeeia i?ioea e?oiiay caaanoiaea, eioi?ay ii /eneo
o/anoaiaaaoeo a iae ?aai/eo e oii?noao yaeyeanue eoeueieiaoeeiiiui
ioieoii noa/a/iiai aeaeaeaiey yoiai aiaea.

Auea aeanoiei iiaeaaeaia. Iineaaeiaaea i/a?aaeiay aieiai ?aca?iia
?aai/eo i?aaiecaoeee e a?anoia. Niiaa a?ioaii ca ?aoaoeo aieueoeinoai
/eaiia Oaeeeineiai Oeaio?iniaaoa i?ionithcia.

5 iiya?y ninoiyeinue iaeaaaeueiia nia?aiea 1-ai nuacaea EIY a Oaeeeia.
I?eauee ia nuacae – 11 aeaeaaaoia (ssai Naen, Oain ?aaaia, Aioii Aaae?o,
Iooi ?ynoan, Ia?oei Eeeaiaon, ?oaeieueo Aaeiai, ssai E?aoen, A.
Eeiaenaii e ae?.), aeaeaaaoia io ia?oi?aaiecaoeee Oaeeeia, Ia?au,
Oa?uethneiai e Aeeueyiaeneiai oacaeia). Iie i?aaenoaaeyee ia oieueei
ia?oeth, ii e aanue ?aai/ee eeann Ynoiiee. A i?aceaeeoi aioee:
Eeiaenaii, E?aoen, ?ynoan, Aaeiai. I?aaenaaeaoaeai eca?ai o. Aaeiai.

Ia nuacaea ca/eoai ienueiaiiue io/ao ss. Aiaaeueoa i aeayoaeueiinoe
Ynoeyiaeneie O?oaeiaie Eiiioiu, eioi?ay eaoii 1919 aiaea caeii/eea naia
nouanoaiaaiea. N iieeoe/aneei io/aoii Ynoeyiaeneiai OeE EI e n
aeieeaaeii i i?ia?aiia EIY aunooiee A.Eeiaenaii. Nuacae aaeeiiaeooii
iaeia?ee aeayoaeueiinoue Ynoeyiaeneiai OeE e iaycae iiaue ninoaa OeE
«ia?aoeoueny ni niaoeeaeueiui aiccaaieai e i?iaeeaathuei a ?innee
eiiioienoai ynoiineie iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, /oiau iie ii ciao e aaeaieth EIY
noaee a ?yaeu aa ai?oeia». N aeieeaaeii i Aoi?ii eiia?anna Eiieioa?ia
aunooiee ?. Aaeiai. Nuacae i?eniaaeeieeny ei anai ?aoaieyi eiia?anna e
cayaee i aioiaiinoe ia?oee iaoeeiiii neaaeiaaoue ei. Ynoiineay
eiiioienoe/aneay i?aaiecaoeey, ii ?aoaieth nuacaea, ioiuia aoaeao
iacuaaoueny: Eiiioienoe/aneay ia?oey Ynoiiee, naeoeey O?aoueaai
Eioa?iaoeeiiaea. I?ia?aiiiua oacenu iiaeaioiaee O. Iaaaeueiai. Oeaeueth
ia?oee noaaeeinue naa?aeaiea ainiiaenoaa ao?aeoacee e ainnoaiiaeaiea
Niaaoneie aeanoe a Ynoiiee. Aoaeouay ?aai/aa-e?anoueyineay Ynoiiey,
inouanoaea i?aai ia naiiii?aaeaeaiea, iauaaeeieoueny n ?NON?. I?iaeo
Onoaaa EIY iiaeaioiaee I. ?ynoan. I aeeaeaeoeo caaea/ao ia?oee aunooiee
A. Eeiaenaii. Ia?oey i?eiao o/anoea a i?aaenoiyueo auai?ao a
Ainoaea?noaaiiia nia?aiea Ynoiiee ii nieneai Oaeeeineiai Oeaio?iniaaoa
i?ionithcia.

Nuacae iineae i?eaaonoaea A.E. Eaieio, a eioi?ii cayaee, /oi «ynoiineee
i?ieaoa?eao, eniuoaaoee ana i?aeanoe iaiueoaaenonei-aaeiaaa?aeaeneiai
?aaeeia, iaoeeiiii eaeao e eiiioienoe/aneie ?aaiethoeee». A nayce n
o?aoueae aiaeiaueiie Ieoya?ueneie ?aaiethoeee nuacae ia?aoeeny n
i?eaaonoaeai e e Ana?inneeneiio Oeaio?aeueiiio Eniieieoaeueiiio
Eiieoaoo, a oaeaea e Eniieeiio Eiieioa?ia.

Nuacae i?eiye Iaieoano: «Ia?auaynue e o?oaeyueiny, ia?oey cayaeea: «A
Ynoiiee eiiioienou iieacaee, /oi iie oiatho ai?ioueny e oie?aoue, ii iie
iieaaeoo oaeaea, /oi ai aeaaa o?oaeyueony iie oiatho e iiaaaeaeaoue!»

Nuacae eca?ae OeE EIY: ss. Aiaaeueo, A. Eeiaenaii, ss. E?aoen, I. Eaii,
I. Eeeaiaon, O. Iaaaeueiai, TH. ?ynoan, I. ?ynoan e ?. Aaeiai.

Ec naiaai ninoaaa OeE auaeaeee Iieeoath?i: A. Eeiaenaii, I. ?ynoan, ?.
Aaeiai, iineaaeiaai iicaea caiaiee ss. E?aoen.

5 aeaeaa?y a Oaeeeiineii ?aai/ai aeiia i?ioei eaaaeueiia nia?aiea
?aai/ae iieiaeaaee. ?aoaii iniiaaoue Anaynoiineee nithc iieiaeuo
i?ieaoa?eaa. Aua?aii i?aaeaiea nithca: A. Niiia?eeia (i?aaenaaeaoaeue),
O. Aeeee, I. Eaiii, ?. Ie??eia, A. Ieeuenai, Y. Naa?ain e A. Ooaa?ee.

Nia?aiea ?aoeei i?eniaaeeieoueny e Eiiioienoe/aneiio Eioa?iaoeeiiaeo
Iieiaeaaee.

Oieueei a 1920-i aiaeo i?ioei ieiei 40 iieeoe/aneeo i?ioeannia e yoi ii
iaiieiui aeaiiui. A n 1920 ii 1939 aiae a Ynoiiee i?ioei 466
iieeoe/aneeo i?ioeannia.

Oaeaea a 1920-i aiaeo i?ioee auai?u a 1-ia ainoaea?noaaiiia nia?aiea
Ynoiiee. Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi auai?u i?ioiaeeee a oneiaeyo ao?aeoaciiai
aaeiai oa??i?a, nienie Oeaio?aeueiiai Niaaoa i?ionithcia nia?ae a
Oaeeeiia iaeaieueoaa /enei aieinia.

OeE EIY ?acuyniye oaeoeeo ia?oee ia auai?ao: «Eaeeoa aieiniaaoue!..
Eaeeoa e ecae?aoaeueiui o?iai e aieinoeoa ca nienie Oeaio?aeueiiai
Niaaoa i?ionithcia. A oao aea ecae?aoaeueiuo o/anoeao, aaea iao nienea
Oeaio?aeueiiai Niaaoa, iieiaeeoa a eiiaa?o ea?oi/eo n ?aaiethoeeiiiui
eicoiaii, auyaeyy oai naiui naith iaiaaenoue e ao?aeoaciiio no?ith…
Ca/ai eaeoe e ecae?aoaeueiui o?iai, anee ainoaea?noaaiiia nia?aiea
ie/aai ia aeaao o?oaeyueiny, e?iia oeaiae? Iaaei eaeoe aeey oiai, /oiau
a Ainoaea?noaaiiii nia?aiee auea e?aniay ?aai/ay o?aeoeey. I?i?aainy a
eaaa?ue a?aaa!»

Nienee Oeaio?iniaaoa i?ionithcia oeao?e?iaaee a oanoe ie?oaao e nia?aee
ii/oe 25 ouny/ aieinia – iyoue ?aai/eo aeaiooaoia.

OeE ?aoee iacaaoue o?aeoeeth eiiioienoe/aneie ?aai/ae a?oiiie.
?oeiaiaenoai ia?eaiaioneie a?oiiie aiceiaeeee ia A. Eeiaenaiia.

1921

Aaniie yoiai aiaea iieeoeey iaianea aua ?yae oaea?ia ii ?aai/aio
aeaeaeaieth. Ia/aeenue a?anou. Oeaeueth iiauo ?ai?annee auei
oie/oiaeaiea «eaaaeueiiai eiiioiecia», o.a. eaaaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeee,
eioi?ua ?aaioaee iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee. A ai?aea
ao?aeoaciia i?aaeoaeuenoai cai?aoeei aeayoaeueiinoue Oaeeeineiai
Oeaio?iniaaoa i?ionithcia. Iieeoeeae cae?uo e ?aca?iieai 14 ai?aey Nithc
iieiaeuo i?ieaoa?eaa, a?anoiaaiu /eaiu eiiioienoe/aneeo o?aeoeee
Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Nia?aiey e i?aaiia naiioi?aaeaiey(a oii /enea
a?anoiaaia eiiioienoe/aneay a?oiia Oaeeeineie ai?iaeneie aeoiu).
Noaa/aii e i?aaeaii ao?aeoaciiio noaeo aieaa 100 aeoeaenoia ?aai/aai
aeaeaeaiey. Cae?uoa eaaaeueiay ?aai/ay aacaoa «?uoooooa oyyeue».

Acaiai ?aca?iieaiiiai Nithca iieiaeuo i?ieaoa?eaa nicaeai iaeaaaeueiue
Eiiniiie Ynoiiee.

1 iay. Ianiio?y ia ianniaua ?ai?annee a aeaiiino?aoeee i?eiyee o/anoea
aeanyoue ouny/ o?oaeyueony. Ii o?aaeeoeee, ieiei iaiyoieea «?onaeea»
ninoiyeny ianniaue ieoeia.

5 e 6 ieoya?y a Naoy, aeec Oaeeeia, i?ioiaeee Aoi?ie nuacae EIY.
Iieiaeia aeaeaaaoia auea e ia ia?aii nuacaea (Aaae?o, ssai E?aoen,
Eeeaiaon, ?aaaia, Iooi ?ynoan…) Aia?aua a nuacaea o/anoaiaaee: Aiaaeueo,
iiaue i?aaenaaeaoaeue eiiioienoe/aneie ?aai/ae a?oiiu a Ainoaea?noaaiiii
nia?aiee Ynoiiee –Aaiuey, ainaiiaaeoeaoeeaoiyy aeaaooea – Aeeueaaeueieia
Eeaiaioe, ioaaonoaaiiue i?aaiecaoi? a. Oaeeeia- Eioaiian Iyiae e ae?.
Anaai aeaeaaaoia 16. Yoi i?aaenoaaeoaee aieueoae /anoe ia?oee. Caeanue
i?aaenoaaeaiu oaeea i?aaiecaoeee eae Oaeeeineay, Ae?oneay,
Aeeueyiaeneay, Oa?uethneay e Iy?ioneay. Inoaeueiua i?aaiecaoeee ec-ca
i?iaaeia i?eneaoue naie i?aaiecaoeee ia niiaee.

A 8 /ania 35 ieioo oo?a A. Eeiaenaii io eiaie OeE iauyaee Aoi?ie nuacae
EIY ioe?uoui e i?aaeeiaeee ii/oeoue anoaaaieai iaiyoue iaaoeo a ai?ueaa
oiaa?euae. A nei?aiii iie/aiee aeaeaaaou aniiiieee ae?ocae e ni?aoieeia,
/uee iiaeeueiua oieiu ?annayiu ii anae Ynoiiee.

Aiaaeueo e ?ynoan- eca?aiu i?aaenaaeaoaeyie nuacaea, a ssai E?aoen e A.
Eeiaenaii- nae?aoa?yie. Nuacae i?eiye i?eaaonoaey Eiiioienoe/aneiio
Eioa?iaoeeiiaeo e Oeaio?aeueiiio Eiieoaoo ?EI(a). Iinueay a?aoneee
i?eaao Eniieeiio Eiieioa?ia, e?aniiio Ieoa?o, nuacae cayaeye, /oi
?aaiethoeeiiiue aaaiaa?ae ynoiineiai i?ieaoa?eaoa «ci?ei neaaeeo ia
iiaenooiao e e?aniiio Ieoa?o ca eiciyie ao?aeoacee i?ioea Niaaoneie
?innee».

A i?eaaonoaee e OeE ?EI(a) nuacae cayaee i naiae oaa?aiiinoe, /oi
Niaaoneay ?inney aueaeao iiaaaeeoaeueieoeae ec anao o?oaeiinoae, /oi
ynoiineee i?ieaoa?eao niciaao anth iauiinoue eioa?ania ?onneiai e
ynoiineiai ?aai/aai.

Aiaaeueo naeaeae aeieeaae i O?aoueai eiia?anna Eiieioa?ia, ?acuyniee
nooue e cia/aiea eicoiaa «A iannu»!

N iieeoe/aneei io/aoii OeE EIY aunooiee A. Eeiaenaii, inaaoea oaeoeeo
ia?oee ia auai?ao a Ainoaea?noaaiiia nia?aiea e a ianoiua
naiioi?aaeaiey, ii ioiaoee e?oiiue oniao o?oaeyueony. E oioy iieeoeee
oaeaeinue iaianoe ii ?aai/aio aeaeaeaieth iuooeiua oaea?u, a?anou ia
einioeenue ia?oeeiiai aiia?aoa, ii aeaenoaiaae iai?a?uaii. Iu, cayaee
Eeiaenaii, ia/aee yia?ae/iae oiio?aaeyoue naie ia/aoiue noaiie. Ii
iiae?iaii eceiaeee oaeoeeo EIY a ioiioaiee Ynoiineie Iacaaeneiie
nioeeaeenoe/aneie ?aai/ae ia?oee(YIN?I).

Aeieeaae Eeiaenaiia i?iaeieaeaeny iieoi?a /ana. Iinea iaai Aiaaeueo
niiauee i aeayoaeueiinoe ?inath?i OeE.

N i?aaiecaoeeiiiui io/aoii aunooiee Iooi ?ynoan. Ianiio?y ia i?iaaeu,
oaaee/eeinue eiee/anoai ia?oeeiuo eieeaeoeaia e /eneaiiinoue ia?oee.
Nicaeaiu oacaeiua eiieoaou EIY, oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiyeanue iaeaaaeueiay
eeoa?aoo?a.

Aeieeaaeu Eeiaenaiia e ?ynoana aeiiieieee aeaeaaaou n iano. Iie
naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaee i ai?y/ae neiiaoee, eioi?oth ieoaao e ia?oee
i?ieaoa?eao. Oaeeeiineay i?aaiecaoeey EIY auianea ia naieo iea/ao
aeaaioth oyaeanoue ai?ueau – ia aaoi?eoaoa aa n?aaee ?aai/eo aiai?eo
cia/eoaeueiue ?ino i?aaiecaoeee. Oacaeiua i?aaiecaoeee oaeaea oe?aieee
naia aeeyiea a iannao o?oaeyueony. Iianthaeo caiaoii ?aci/a?iaaiea a
«i?aeanoyo aeaiie?aoee», inoaaeaiiua aac caiee nieaeaou e aua?aoaiiua ec
eiaiee aao?aee ia?aoiaeyo ia?aoiaeyo ia noi?iio EIY. Nionu «aacaea
auia?ee», ca eneeth/aieai ?aaeeeo iano, a oacaeiua i?aaiecaoeee YIN?I
i/aiue iaei/eneaiiu e niaa?oaiii naay ia i?iyaeytho.

I?aiey aaeenue a iniiaiii aie?oa oaeoeee OeE EIY a ioiioaiee YIN?I.
Eeeaiaon au?acee naia ianiaeanea n oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeeie, eioi?oth
OeE ieacuaae YIN?I a ecaeaiee ?aai/ae aacaou. Iaeiaei E?aoen e Aiaaeueo
cayaeee, /oi OeE EIY aae a ioiioaiee YIN?I i?aaeeueioth eeieth. A
caeeth/eoaeueiii neiaa Eeiaenaii caueuae oaeoeeo OeE, eioi?ay oaea aeaao
naie ieiaeu. Ii cayaee, /oi OeE aeaaea ia aieinie ia o?acuaae e?eoeee
?aoi?ienoneeo eeaea?ia YIN?I. Aiaaeueo aian ?aciethoeeth, i?eciathuoth
anth aeayoaeueiinoue OeE EIY i?aaeeueiie. Eeiaenaii naeaeae a iaa
aeiiieiaiea- «a ioaeaeueiinoe i?eciaao i?aaeeueiie oaeoeeo OeE a
ioiioaiee YIN?I». ?aciethoeey Aiaaeueoa n aeiaaaeaieai Eeiaenaiia auea
i?eiyoa nuacaeii.

N aeieeaaeii «Aeeaeaeoea caaea/e EIY» aunooiee A. Eeiaenaii .
Iiaeaea?aeeaay yeiiiie/aneea o?aaiaaiey o?oaeyueony, ia?oey anaaaea
oeacuaaea, /oi /anoe/iua oniaoe niiniaiu iaeaa/eoue aeeciue ?aai/eo
eeoue ia ei?ioeia a?aiy – yoe oniaoe aeieaeiu noaoue enoiaeiie oi/eie
aeaeueiaeoaai ianooieaiey i?ieaoa?eaoa ia ao?aeoaceth, oeaeueth eioi?iai
yaeyaony ?ac?ooaiea eaieoaeenoe/aneiai no?iy. Ei?aiiui ia?acii oeo/oeo
iieiaeaiea o?oaeyueony oieueei aeeeoaoo?a i?ieaoa?eaoa.

I?iaaaeaieth a aeeciue ?aoaiee O?aoueaai eiia?anna Eiieioa?ia,
i?iaeieaeae Eeiaenaii, ioaa/aao oaeoeea EIY a ioiioaiee YIN?I. Iu
aeiaeaaainy oiai, /oiau YIN?I ia oaeiaeaoai?yeanue oieueei aaeoaoeeae e
i?iiaaaiaeie, a i?eieiaea aeoeaiia o/anoea ai anae ai?ueaa ?aai/aai
eeanna i?ioea ao?aeoacee. Einioaoenue iianiinoe aieiu i?ioea Niaaoneie
?innee, Eeiaenaii i?aaeoi?aaeee, /oi a iaa iiaeao auoue aoyiooa
ao?aeoaciay Ynoiiey.

«- A neo/aa aii?oaeaiiiai noieeiiaaiey iaaeaeo iyonianeei ainoaea?noaii
e Niaaoneie ?inneae,- cayaee Eeiaenaii, – iu anaaaea aeieaeiu auoue
aioiau ia/aoue ai?ueao n ynoiineie ao?aeoaceae ai anai ianooaaa, oi
anoue ca caoaao aeanoe; Eiiioienoe/aneay ia?oey iaycaia iiaeaioiaeoue
i?ieaoa?eao e yoiio e aea?aeaoue aai a aiaaie aioiaiinoe! I?e iaeaeoae
oa?ica aieiu iu aeieaeiu iiaeiyoue i?ieaoa?eao.»

Eeiaenaii aian ?aciethoeeth, eioi?oth nuacae i?eiye. Nithco ao?aeoaciie
Ynoiiee n ae?oaeie ao?aeoaciuie ainoaea?noaaie I?eaaeoeee e
eiia?eaeenoaie Caiaaea, aiai?eeinue a ?aciethoeee, EIY
i?ioeaiiinoaaeyao, eae e i?aaeaea naie eicoia: nithc n ?inneeneie
Niaaoneie ?anioaeeeie. Aeiea ia?oee aea?aeaoue eeanniai –niciaoaeueiue
aaaiaa?ae i?ieaoa?eaoa Ynoiiee aioiaui e ?aoeoaeueiie ai?ueaa ca
naa?aeaiea ao?aeoaciiai no?iy, anee ie?iaay ao?aeoacey i?eeaaeao
ynoiineiio ainiiaeneiio ainoaea?noao aiaaaoue i?ioea ?inneeneie
Niaaoneie ?anioaeeee.

A ?aciethoeee iiae/a?eeaaeanue iaiaoiaeeiinoue nicaeaiey eaaaeueiie
ianniaie ?aai/ae ia?oee, eiae a aeaeo i?aa?auaiea a oaeoth YIN?I. Yoi
aeieaeii inouanoaeyoueny aeaaiui ia?acii iooai i?aa?auaiey ianoiuo
i?aaiecaoeee YIN?I a eiiioienoe/aneea. Nuacae auneacaeny ca iai?aaeaiea
a ianoiua i?aaiecaoeee YIN?I eiiioienoia, ec eioi?uo nicaeaoue oai
eiiioienoe/aneea a?oiiu, ?aaioathuea ii aee?aeoeaai OeE e ianoiuo
eiieoaoia EIY. Neaaeothuei oaaii aoaeao aiaea/aiea a i?aaiecaoeee YIN?I
oe?ieeo ?aai/eo iann.

Nuacae ii?aaeaeee caaea/e ia?oee a i?ionithcao, n?aaee iieiaeaaee –
eiiioienoe/aneoth iieiaeaaeue neaaeoao i?aaieciauaaoue iaeaaaeueii a
Eiiioienoe/aneee Nithc Iieiaeaaee Ynoiiee.

Aeieeaae i iieiaeaiee a Niaaoneie ?innee naeaeae ss. Aiaaeueo. Ii
iieacae iaiaoiaeeiinoue iiaie yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee aeey
nioeeaeenoe/aneiai no?ieoaeuenoaa a Niaaoneie no?aia. I?ieaoa?eao anaai
ie?a aeieaeai iiii/ue Niaaoneie ?innee a ai?ueaa n aieiaeii. Aunooieaoee
ii aeieeaaeo Eeiaenaii neacae, /oi ao?aeoaciia i?aaeoaeuenoai cai?auaao
ieacuaaoue iiiiuue aieiaeathuei Niaaoneie ?innee, ii yoi iaaei aeaeaoue
ianiio?y ia cai?ao. Anee, cayaee Eeiaenaii, a i?aaeiea aiaeu eiiioienoai
ia oaaoeei nee, /oiau iiiaoaoue aiaea/aieth Ynoiiee a eioa?aaioeeth
i?ioea Niaaoneie no?aiu, oi oaia?ue, eiaaea o ian anoue e?aieay oaeiay
i?aaiecaoeey, iu niiniaiu ni?aaoue i?eniaaeeiaiea Ynoiiee e iiaiio
iioiaeo i?ioea ?aai/a-e?anoueyineiai ainoaea?noaa.

A naiae ?aciethoeee nuacae ii?aaeaeee eiie?aoiua ia?u, eioi?ua
inouanoaeo ia?oey a neo/aa oa?icu aieiu i?ioea Niaaoneie ?innee:
i?eciaao i?ieaoa?eao Ynoiiee any/anee i?aiyonoaiaaoue aaico aiaiiiai
nia?yaeaiey n Caiaaea, ?aca?ocea aai a ynoiineeo ii?oao. A anee aieia
ana aea ia/iaony, ia?oey iaycaia: iauyaeoue anaiauoth caaanoiaeo,
aeaci?aaieciaaoue oue aaeie a?iee; i?ecaaoue ?aai/eo ?ac?ooaoue
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiua iinou, i?aiyonoaiaaoue i?ioiaeaeaieth iiacaeia n
aiaiiui nia?yaeaieai, auaiaeeoue ec no?iy oaeaa?aoiua e oaeaoiiiua
eeiee, oie/oiaeaoue neeaaeu, iaiaaeaoue ia aieineea iaicu e o.ae. ana
yoi aeieaeii nii?iaiaeaeaoueny ?aci?oaeaieai ianoiie iieeoeee,
iieoaiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee ao?aeoacee. Iaycaiiinoue ia?oee – i?ecaaoue
o?oaeyueony ia eaeoe a a?ieth, a nicaeaaaoue ia?oecaineea io?yaeu.

A OeE EIY nuacae eca?ae: Aiaaeueoa, Eeiaenaiia, ssaia E?aoena,
Iaaaeueiaia, Iooi ?ynoana, Aaeiaia e ae?. OeE ia?aciaae Iieeoath?i a
ninoaaa: Aiaaeueoa, Eeiaenaiia, ss. E?aoena e I. ?ynoana.

Nuacae caeii/eeny ia aoi?ie aeaiue iicaeii aa/a?ii.

Ca ei?ioeia a?aiy, oaeoe/anee iaiueoa, /ai ca aiae, oaeaeinue ai aoi?ie
?ac i?iaanoe a iiaeiieuea ia?oeeiue nuacae – iaeii yoi aiai?eei i oii,
ianeieueei ia?oey ie?aiea e aicioaeaea.

A aeaeaa?a a ii?yaeea iaiaia iinea 20-oe iany/iiai oth?aiiiai
caeeth/aiey A. E?aoen aianoa n ae?oaeie ?aaiethoeeiia?aie auneai a
Niaaoneoth ?inneth.

A 1921 aiaeo i?ioee auai?u a ianoiia naiioi?aaeaiea.

A oneiaeyo ao?aeoaciiai oa??i?a iaeaaaeueiay EIY ia iiaea ioe?uoi
o/anoaiaaoue a auai?ao. A nayce n yoei OeE EIY i?eiye ?aoaiea eaeoe ia
auai?u ni nieneii Oaeeeiineiai Oeaio?iniaaoa i?ionithcia. Oae ia auai?ao
a Oaeeeiineoth ai?aeoio, EIY iieo/eea aieueoa anaai aieinia e
aeaiooaoneeo iano.

1922

A yiaa?a ii ?aoaieth OeE EIY noaea auoiaeeoue aacaoa Aaeeiiai o?iioa
o?oaeyueony «Oaeeeia o?yeeia» («Oaeeeineee ?aai/ee»). A ?aaeaeoeeth
aacaou iai?aaeaia a?oiia eiiioienoia, a oii /enea Eioaiian Eao?enoei. A
oaeaea a yiaa?a a ?aai/ae ia/aoe iioaeeeiaaiu 12 o?aaiaaiee «Aaeeiiai
o?iioa o?oaeyueony»(AOO).

A ai?aea cae?uo ia/aoiue i?aai AOO – aacaou «Oaeeeia o?yeeia»
(«Oaeeeiineee ?aai/ee»).

Oaeeeineee Oeaio?iniaao ?aai/eo nithcia e Anaynoiineee Nithc naeueneeo
?aai/eo (i?aaenaaeaoaeue A. Oainai) oiaeaoaenoaiaaee i ?ac?aoaiee nicuaa
nuacaea i?ionithcia Ynoiiee. Ao?aeoaciia i?aaeoaeuenoai ioeacaei ei a
yoii.

1 iay oaeeeiineea ?aai/ea auoee ia oeeoeu n e?aniuie oeaaaie. A aieiaa
eieiiiu iieiaeuo ?aai/eo aue aeaeai eicoia «O?aiaue, iaee?aaoay
ao?aeoacey, caeanue oaaatho oaie iiaeeueueee – thiua eiiioia?u!».

O iaiyoieea «?onaeea» ninoiyeny a?aiaeeiciue ieoeia. Ia eioi?ii
aunooieea /eai i?aaeaiey Oaeeeineiai nithca o/auaeny iieiaeaaee, /eai
i?aeiieoaoa Eiiniiiea Ynoiiee – A. Eeaiaioe. Iia i?ecaaea ?aai/eo
iauaaeeieoueny e inaiaiaeeoue ec oth?ai eo/oeo nuiia e aei/a?ae
o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea, a aianoi ieo caeeth/eoue a oth?ueiu oieeia e aaaioia
ao?aeoaciie io?aiee.

A iauai iiuiua aeaiiino?aoeee, i?ioaaeoea a Oaeeeia e ae?oaeo ai?iaeao
iieacaee, /oi iiae eicoiaaie AOO, iiae i?ieaoa?neeie ciaiaiaie
niea/eaathony oe?ieea neie o?oaeyueony.

Iinea ia?aiiaeneie aeaiiino?aoeee aaaioaie io?aiee a?anoiaaiu /eaiu
Eiiniiiea Ynoiiee, ioaaaeiua aeaaooee Ynoiiee – A. Eeaiaioe, O.
Ieeiaaa?a e O. I?ooeue.

Ca aioei?aaeoaeuenoaaiioth aaeoaoeeth, niciaoaeueiue i?ecua nia?aaoeony
ia ieoeia e inaiaiaeaeaieth ec oth?ai, a?anoiaaiiuo eiiioienoia e ca oi,
/oi yaeyeanue /eaiii Nithca iieiaeuo i?ieaoa?eaa e eiini?aii, auea
naycaia n A. Eeiaenaiiii e «aucuaathua aaea naay» ai a?aiy iaunea a
«?aai/ai iiaeaaea»- A. Eeaiaioe, eae ianiaa?oaiiieaoiyy, i?eaiai?aia e 6
aiaeai e 8 ianyoeai eaoi?ae, a aa iiae?oae e 10 aiaeai eaoi?aeiuo ?aaio.

4 iay ii/ueth a eano aeec Oaeeeiia ?anno?aeyi A. Eeiaenaii. Nionoy
iaiiiai a?aiaie aai o?oi aueiiatho, e aeoaieie ii/ueth auaacoo ia
iioi?iie eiaeea a ii?a, aaea aua?inyo a aiaeo. O?oaeyueany ssiao?aa
Iao?ia?aaeneie aoaa?iee a iaiyoue i A. Eeiaenaiia ?aoao iacaaoue naie
ai?iae aai eiaiai.

19-25 iay ninoiyeny iieeoe/aneee i?ioeann – «I?ioeann 115-oe».

ss. Oiii aunooiay ia noaea cayaee: «ss eiiioieno e iia ia no?aoai
ao?aeoaciue eeanniaue noae». Ia eiay i?yiuo oeee, ii e ia oioy aai
naiaiaeu noae i?eaiai?ee «ca o/anoea a aioeainoaea?noaaiiie aaeoaoeee» e
3 aiaeai oth?ueiu. A ieoya?a 1922 aiaea noaeaaiia ?aoaiea auei
iaaeaeiaaii e aiioee?iaaii a eannaoeeiiiii ii?yaeea.

A. Niiia?eeia cayaee ia noaea: «Eaeay au ea?a iaiy ia aeaeaea, y ia
ioeaaeonue io naiaai ie?iaicc?aiey. Aei iineaaeiaai acaeioa aoaeo
ionoaeaaoue naie eaeae, iaace?ay ia oi, i?aaeony yoi i?aayuaio eeanno
eee iao… Aaoa aeaei, noaeuee, iinooiaoue oae, eae au oioeoa… Ii ie iaeei
i?eaiai? ia a neeao inoaiiaeoue iiaaaeiia oanoaea ?aai/aai eeanna. Eaeea
au ia?u ono?aoaiey ia i?eiaiyeenue – i?ieaoa?eao onoaiiaeo iiaue
iauanoaaiiue no?ie».

A. Niiia?eeia i?eaiai?ai e 10 aiaeai eaoi?ae, ii a iiya?a 1922 aiaea
iaiaiai ia Ynoiineiai aaeiaaiaeeoa.

N. Aiae?aaa – i?eaiai?ai e 10 aiaeai eaoi?ae…

Aaniie i?ioae Anaynoiineee nuacae naeueneeo ?aai/eo

A aaaonoa Oaeeeineei Oeaio?iniaaoii ?aai/eo nithcia nicaeaia i?aeiienney
ii iiaeaioiaea nuacaea i?ionithcia.

3 naioya?y ia/aeny Ia?aue nuacae Eiiniiiea Ynoiiee (ENIY). N io/aoii
A?aiaiiiai i?aeiieoaoa aunooiee ss. E?aoen..

14 naioya?y ia?aciaai A?aiaiiue Oeaio?aeueiue Niaao ?aai/eo i?ionithcia
Ynoiiee (nae?aoa?ue I. Eyy?aei).

A eiioea naioya?y, aeec noaioeee A?aethea, i?ioiaeeo iaeaaaeueiue O?aoee
nuacae EIY. Eca?aiu aeaeaaaou io EIY ia *aoaa?oue eiia?ann Eiieioa?ia
(ninoiyaoeeny a Iineaa a iiya?a – aeaeaa?a 1922 aiaea): N. Aiae?aaa, O.
Iaaaeueiai, ss. E?aoen.

27-29 iiya?y ninoiyeny a Oaeeeia Aoi?ie nuacae i?ionithcia Ynoiiee. Ii
i?ioiaeee a iiiauaiee ?aai/aai iauanoaa o?acainoe «Aaeaay». E iiiaioo
nicuaa nuacaea a Ynoiiee nouanoaiaaei 160 i?ionithcia n 22505 /eaiaie (a
oii /enea 53 nithca i?iiuoeaiiuo ?aai/eo n 12467 /eaiaie e 87 nithcia
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo ?aai/eo n 5165 /eaiaie). Nithcu eiaeenue ai anao
oacaeao Ynoiiee. I?e ieo auei nicaeaii 36 iieiaeaaeiuo e 26 aeaineeo
eiiennee.

A i?eaaonoaee ia ioe?uoee nuacaea ss. Oiii neacae:

«?ai?annee ia a neeao ian caioaaoue, iaiai?io, iie iaycuaatho e
aaeeiiaeooiiio niei/aieth, i /ai naeaeaoaeuenoaoao e ianoiyuee nuacae.
Iiyoiio iiaeaeaai aea aeaeueiaeoeo oniaoia a ai?ueaa ca inaiaiaeaeaiea
?aai/aai eeanna!»

Nuacae ioe?ue io eiaie A?aiaiiiai Oeaio?iniaaoa – A. Oainai. Ii aunooiee
n aeieeaaeii ia yeiiiie/aneeo e iieeoe/aneeo caaea/ao i?ionithcia.

Nuacae oaa?aei noae ia iiceoeee ?aaiethoeeiiiie eeanniaie ai?ueau,
iaeia?ee o?aaiaaiey AOO e i?eiye ?aoaiea i anooieaiee a E?aniue
eioa?iaoeeiiae i?ionithcia (I?ioeioa?i).

Nuacae nicaeae iiaue Anaynoiineee i?ionithciue i?aai – Oeaio?iniaao
Anaynoiineiai nithca ?aai/eo nithcia e aai i?aaeaiea. I?aaenaaeaoaeai
noae ss. Oiii, aai caianoeoaeai – A. Oainai, nae?aoa?ai – I. Eyy?aei.

1923

28 ia?oa oaeo a nieio aaaioii io?aiee /eai OeE EIY e ENIY – ss. E?aoen.

Aania. Ao?aeoacey ai a?aiy auai?ia ai Aoi?ia Ainnia?aiea aiioee?iaaea a
Oaeeeiia e Ae?oneii oacaea nienee eaiaeeaeaoia AOO. Oaeeeineea ?aai/ea
i?aaiecaoeee iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii ss. Oiiia iaeaaaeueii ?ania/aoaee e
?ani?ino?aieee n?aaee ecae?aoaeae niaoeeaeueiua atheeaoaie n eiaiaie
eaiaeeaeaoia aiioee?iaaiiuo nieneia. Aieiniaaiea ii yoei nieneai aeaei
aeanoyuea ?acoeueoaou: ca i?aaenoaaeoaeae o?oaeyueony i?iaieiniaaei a
Oaeeeia aieaa 10 ouny/ e a Ae?oneii oacaea aieaa 2-o ouny/ ecae?aoaeae.

Ianiio?y ia ana ?ai?annee ao?aeoaciuo aeanoae o?oaeyueany niiaee
i?iaanoe ai Aoi?ia Ainnia?aiea aaeaia aieueoa naieo aeaiooaoia, /ai ai
a?aiy auai?ia a Ia?aia.

Ai Aoi?ia Ainnia?aiea ii nieneo AOO i?ioee 10 eiiioienoia. Iie
eniieueciaaee ia?eaiaioneoth o?eaoio aeey ?aciaea/aiey ao?aeoaciiai
no?iy e caueou eioa?ania o?oaeyueony.

Ethiue. I?aaenaaeaoaeue ynoiineiai ia?eaiaioa ssi Ouiennii nai naycaeny
n iaiaoeeie ?acaaaeeie «a oeaeyo iauaaeeiaiey no?ai I?eaaeoeee aeey
eiinieeaeaoeee nee i?ioea ?innee».

5 aaaonoa ninoiyeanue Ia?aay Anaynoiineay eiioa?aioeey ?aai/ae
iieiaeaaee. Ia?aciaaia iieiaeaaeiay eiienney Oeaio?aeueiiai Niaaoa
?aai/eo nithcia.

A eiioea 1923 aiaea i?ioee auai?u a ai?iaeneea naiioi?aaeaiey. AOO caiye
ia?aia ianoi a e?oiiaeoeo ai?iaeao ii /eneo iieo/aiiuo aieinia. Oae a
Oaeeeiineie ai?iaeneie aeoia ec 101 ianoa i?aaenoaaeoaee AOO iieo/eee 36
iano. Ao?aeoacey aiiaue aniieioeeanue. A oneiaeyo ?ac?aceaoaainy
yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena iia oaeaeaea a yoii i?yioth oa?ico naiae
aeeeoaoo?a.

A 1923 aiaeo oaeaea i?iecioee neaaeothuea niauoey:

A) A ?acoeueoaoa aeayoaeueiinoe eiiioienoia a Ynoiineie iacaaeneiie
nioeeaeenoe/aneie ?aai/ae ia?oee (YIN?I) auee eciee?iaaiu
i?aaiiiii?ooienoe/aneea eeaea?u, e eo aeeyiea naaaeaii ia iao. YIN?I
noaea eaaaeueiie ?aaiethoeeiiiie ?aai/ae ia?oeae, aeaenoaothuae iiae
?oeiaiaenoaii EIY. Iicaea YIN?I ia?aiaieea naia iacaaiea e noaea
iacuaaoueny – Ia?oey o?oaeyueony Ynoiiee.

A) I?ioea Anaynoiineay eiioa?aioeey ?aai/eo nii?oeaiuo i?aaiecaoeee.
Aeieeaae i caaea/ao ?aai/eo nii?oeaiuo iauanoa e ia eo ioiioaiee e
ao?aeoaciui nii?oeaiui iauanoaai naeaeae ?. Iyeuenii.

1924

21 yiaa?y aeanoe i?iecaaee iianaianoiue ?aca?ii ?aai/eo i?aaiecaoeee,
ianniaua a?anou ?aai/eo-aeoeaenoia, aeaiooaoia AOO a Ainnia?aiee, a
oacaeiuo e ai?iaeneeo aeoiao.

23 oaa?aey i?ioae «I?ioeann iieiaeuo eiiioienoia», oae ca naycue n ss.
E?aoenii e aioeao?aeoacioth aaeoaoeeth i?eaiai?aiu Aiaiii-ie?oaeiui
noaeii E. Eao?enoei – e 7 aiaeai eaoi?ae, ss. Oiii – e 8 aiaeai
oth?aiiiai caeeth/aiey.

1 aaaonoa. Aioeaiaiiue aeaiue. Ia iuca Ooiaea a Ooyiuecaneie aieinoe
ninoiyeny iiiaiethaeiue ieoeia, ia eioi?ii n ?aaiethoeeiiiuie ?a/aie
aunooieee A. Yeeai e ienaoaeue A. Iaeueaea?.

3 aaaonoa ii caaeaieth OeE EIY eaaaeueiua ?aai/ea i?aaiecaoeee i?iaaee a
Oaeeeiia ianniaoth aioeaiaiioth aeaiiino?aoeeth. I?iecioei noieeiiaaiea
n iieeoeeae.

18 naioya?y ia/aeny «I?ioeann 77-ie». Auea a?anoiaaia aieueoay a?oiia
ethaeae ii iiaeic?aieth a ?aaiethoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Anaai
a?anoiaaii 78, ii A. O?iiiai oia? ai a?aiy neaaenoaey. Inoaeueiua
iaaeiaiu a iiiuoea «naa?aiooue nouanoaothuee no?ie».

O. Oaeaeaiaii ia iniiaaiee iieacaiee aaaioia io?aiee i?eaiai?ai e
?anno?aeo e a ii/ue ia 25 aaaonoa 1925 aiaea aai iiaaee ia ?anno?ae, i?e
auoiaea ec eaia?u ii aineeeeioe: «I?iuaeoa, oiaa?eue, i?iaeieaeaeoa
ai?ioueny!» *a?ac iie/ana ii aue oaeo ia oieia Eiaeeiyee, a 8 ei io
Oa?oo, auno?aeii a caoueie.

N 10 ii 27 iiya?y i?ioae «I?ioeann 149-oe». Iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii EIY
iiaenoaeeiua oaeoe/anee i?aa?aoeee yoio i?ioeann a noae iaae
ao?aeoaceae. Eo /?acau/aeii ioaeanoaaiiia iiaaaeaiea, eo aunooieaiey n
?aciaea/aieai ao?aeoacee i?eaeaeee aieiaiea anaai ie?a. Iaeei ca ae?oaei
iiaenoaeeiua cayaeyee, /oi iie ia i?eciatho naay aeiiaiuie ia?aae
ao?aeoaciui eeanniaui noaeii. I oii aea cayaee e ss. Oiii. Eiaaea a
ioaao ia yoi i?aaenaaeaoaeue noaea iio?aaiaae auaanoe ss. Oiiia ec caea,
ii aineeeeioe a aeaa?yo:«Aea cae?aanoaoao i?aaeoaeuenoai ?aai/eo e
e?anoueyi!»

Yoiai auei aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau o/eieoue iaae iei e?iaaaoth ?ani?aao.
Ao?aeoaciue noae iaoae, /oi a oneiaeyo aiaiiiai iieiaeaiey oaeia
auneacuaaiea icia/aao i?ecua e ieni?iaa?aeaieth nouanoaothuaai no?iy e
ia?aaeae aeaei ss. Oiiia a aiaiii-iieaaie noae, eioi?ue e i?eaiai?ee aai
e ?anno?aeo. 14 iiya?y ss. Oiii aue eaciai.

Ia i?ioeanna auee i?eaiai?aiu e iiaeeciaiiie eaoi?aa: A. Iaoe, I. Iao?yy
(ia noaea cayaee: «Ii naiaio ie?iaicc?aieth y eiiioieno e o?aaoth
ii?aaaeaiey anao iiaenoaeeiuo».), A. Nanne, O. A?aii, I. Eyy?aei, A.
Oainai.

1 aeaeaa?y a Ynoiineie ao?aeoaciie ?anioaeeea i?iecioei ainnoaiea.
Aa?ie/aneay iiiuoea ynoiineiai i?ieaoa?eaoa naa?aiooue aeeeoaoo?o
ao?aeoacee.

Ainnoaiea ia/aeinue a 5 /ania 15 ieioo oo?a. Aunooieei ieiei 300 aieoeia
aiaauo ae?oaeei.

ss. Aiaaeueo aianoa n i?aaenaaeaoaeai A?E A. Eeaeiii iai?aaeeenue a
aeaaiue ooaa aiaauo io?yaeia, iaoiaeeaoeeny aeec Aaeoeeneiai aiecaea ia
oeeoea Oaeeeneeae. Ia/ooaaa Ea?e ?eii.

A niioaaonoaee n ieaiii ainnoaiey aiaaay a?oiia ai aeaaa n Eioaiianii
Iyiaeii, aci?aaea aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue iino aicea Aacoea, a aiaaay a?oiia
Aieueaeaia?a ?aaeniia- aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue iino o Ionoeuy. Yoi iiiaoaei
ioi?aaea a?iiaiiacaea ec Oaia e eaaaea?eeneiai iieea ec Oa?oo a Oaeeei,
ia iiaeaaeaiea ainnoaiey.

*anoue aieoeia (Ea?e Yeeen, Eioaiian Oaeeeia, O?eae?eo Eaone, Iooi
Iaeueiaa?a, Aaaono Naii e ae?.) ec aiaaie a?oiiu, nia?aaoaeny ia oeeoea
?aoaaeiooo, iaiaea ia /aniauo, eioi?ua io?aiyee caiie ia Auoai?iaea e
iaaci?oaeeee eo. Iinea caoaaoa ea?aoeueiiai iiiauaiey aanue caiie
ia?aoae a ?oee ainnoaaoeo. Inoaeueiua aieoeu yoie a?oiiu aoaeiaaee
caeanue aea, ia Auoai?iaea, ?aceaeaioeeth ainoaea?noaaiiiai noa?aeoeiu.
Niya /aniauo, iie ai?aaeenue a caeaiea. Ainoaea?noaaiiue noa?aeoeia O.
Aeaeue aaaeae a caaeiea eiiiaou, caie?ay ca niaie iaeio aeaa?ue ca
ae?oaie, a aai aaeuthoaio aui?uaioe ec ieia, i?aaeinoaaea «aeaao
ainoaea?noaa» aai nianoaaiiie noaeueaa.

Aiaaay ae?oaeeia a ninoaaa Ai?ena ssinaia, Aeueo?aaea Eaoa, ssaia
Ethooa, Oa?aeeiaiaea Ieeueoa, Oaina Naena, Iooi Othe?iaia e ae?oaeo, ai
aeaaa n E?enoueyiii A?thiaaoii e Aeeeaiii ?iiaaoii (ianoii aa
nin?aaeioi/aiey aue aeii ?61 ii Ia?aneiio oinna) caiyea aoi?ie
iieeoeaeneee o/anoie a Eaae?ei?aa, caoaaoea a ea/anoaa o?ioaaa 11
aeioiaie e i?i/aa nia?yaeaiea. Ionthaea iia i?aaei?eiyea aoaeo ia
aaeaaeeaeceii e ay?iae?ii ia Eaniaiyae. I?iieeioa a eaca?iu
ae?oaeeiieee, i?aaeaea anaai, niyee io?aio e caoaaoeee i?oaeea. A ?oee
iianoaioeaa iiiaei o?e naiieaoa, /aou?a aaoiiaoeiu, ianeieueei
iioioeeeeia e ioeaiaoia, noi aeioiaie. Caoai aue iiaeiyo aa?iecii,
eioi?iio niiaueee, /oi a ai?iaea ?aai/ea iiaeiyee ainnoaiea. Nieaeaou
aaeaaeeaeceiia, n?aaee eioi?uo auei iiiai auaoeo iaoaeeenoia, ii/oe
iieiinoueth(40 /aeiaae) i?eniaaeeieeenue e ainnoaaoei. Ei auei auaeaii
i?oaeea. Eca?aiiue nieaeaoaie eiieoao i?eiye eiiaiaeiaaiea aeeaeceiiii,
ooo aea auea i?aaieciaaia io?aia ay?iae?iia.

Aiaaay a?oiia a ninoaaa Iaoey Eyyaaeueaea, Eioaiiana Eoaeae, Inaaeueaea
Iee?a, sseiaa Aaeea?a e ae?. – caiyea iyoue iieeoeaeneee o/anoie e
Aaeoeeneee aiecae. A iieeoeaeneii o/anoea ainnoaaoea caoaaoeee i?oaeea e
aiai?eianu. Ia Aaeoeeneii aiecaea aeaeaeaiea iiacaeia i?einoaiiaeaii. A
n?i/iii ii?yaeea i?aaieciaaia io?aia aiecaea, anai iaoiaeeaoeiny ia
aiecaea iannaaee?ai auei i?aaeeiaeaii niaethaeaoue ii?yaeie e
iiae/eiyoueny ?anii?yaeaieyi ?aaiethoeeiiiuo aieoeia.

Aiaaay a?oiia (Eioaiian Eooneiai, TH?e Oueueaenaiia e ae?.),
aeaenoaiaaaoay n oeeoeu THo?aeaaai, auno?i iaeaaeaea aeaeaciiaei?iaeiie
noaioeeae Oaeeeii – Ayeea e i?eiyea ia?u e iai?iia aiecaea.

Nia?aaoayny a aeiia ?25 ii Ia?aneiio oinna aiaaay a?oiia – ssai
Eiiiaeue, I?eaeee Eaan, Onoei Iaeeioeaa, Aaaono Oyya?i e ae?.- aac
iniauo oneeee caiyea Aeaaiue ii/oaio e i?einoaiiaeea oai ?aaioo.

A aaoioaieiaii aeeaeceiia, aaea eiaeny naie ia?oeeiue eieeaeoea,
ainnoaaoei, n?aaee eioi?uo auee Ia?oei A?aii, ssai Eaaaon, Aeueo?aae
Eaiaenaa?a, THeeon Eeiae, Aa?ioa?ae Ieeniaa, Eioaiian Ieaoaa?ae,
E?enoueyi Niain e ae?., oaeaeinue iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai oioa?-ioeoea?a
Aioiia Eii?aioea caoaaoeoue oaieiaue ia?e n 12-oueth aiaauie iaoeiaie.
Auea caiyoa oaeaea /anoue eaca?i oaieiaie ?iou. Eii?aioe ia oaiea
ioi?aaeeny e iaoiaeeaoeiny ii ninaaenoao eaca?iai aaoaeueiia nayce,
/oiau iiii/ue caoaaoeoue eo.

Iaeiaei n?aaee iianoaioeaa ieacaeenue i?aaeaoaee, eioi?ua i?aaeoi?aaeeee
a?aaa ca ianeieueei ieioo aei i?eauoey aiaaie a?oiiu. I?iaieaoi?aie
ieacaeenue – oaeueaeoaaaeue aaoaeueiia nayce Naa?oi, ?yaeiaie Eeaiia? e
iioi?eno oioa?-ioeoea? Iaaeenii ec oaieiaie ?iou, aeeth/aiiua a aiaaie
io?yae ii caoaaoo oaieiaiai aiaa?a. A ?acoeueoaoa a?oiia oaea ia niiaea
auiieieoue naith caaea/o. A caaycaaoaeny ia?ano?aeea iiaea A. Eii?aioe.
I?ioeaiee ia?aoaaoee eieoeeaoeao e auoaniee iianoaioeaa ec aaoioaieiaiai
aeeaeceiia.

Auaeaeaiiue aeey ooo?ia iauaaeeiaiiuo aiaiii-ii?neeo caaaaeaiee a
Oiiueaee aiaaie io?yae (Aeaenaiae? A?aii, Aioii Yeeai, Aeaenae Oaeion,
Eioaiian TH?ia, Yaeoa?ae Eeaan, ssai Ei?iae, A?oo? Eiiaae, Ia?oei Iaea?,
ssai Aaeueo e ae?.) ai?aaeny a ieaeiee yoaae iaeiiai ec ei?ionia e
caoaaoee ninoaaeaiiua a ie?aieaeu aeioiaee. Iaeiaei eaaeaoai aiaiiiai
o/eeeua oaeaeinue nia?aoueny n neeaie e aeaaiaea?y naiaio /eneaiiiio
ia?aaano i?eioaeeoue ?aaiethoeeiia?ia e ionooieaieth.

Iaoaea/ae ieii/eeny e ooo?i eica?i ?aca?aa eiiiie iieeoeee (aiaaay
a?oiia a ninoaaa Oeiioay ss?ioeeiai, Aioiia A?innoaeueaeoa, Aaaonoa
Eiioe, Yaeoa?aea Eyao e ae?.) e ooo?i eaca?i 10-ai iaoioiiai iieea
(aiaaay ae?oaeeia a ninoaaa Eioaiiana Eacoea, Aioiia Oaiae?eeniia,
Oaeaia Neiiieaona? e ae?.).

A?oiia ainnoaaoeo (Oa?aeeiaiae Eo?ee, Aeaenaiae? Eu?aaiaa, ssai
Eeioniai, Iyyoa? Eaiii, Aeaenaiae? Ioe, Yaeoa?ae Naen, A?iieueae
Niiia?eeia, THoai Oainoeiae?ae, Eioaiian Oeeaa e ae?.) aoaeiaaaoay
aiaiiia ieienoa?noai i?iieeea a caeaiea, ii cae?aieoueny ia noiaea e
auioaeaeaia ioieoe.

Iianaynue i?eniaaeeiaiey nieaeao e ainnoaaoei aeanoe ia iniaeeeenue
auaanoe ie iaeiie ?aaoey?iie aieineie /anoe. Aeey iiaeaaeaiey ainnoaiey
neiei/aiu niaoeeaeueiua ea?aoaeueiua io?yaeu ec ioeoea?ia, eaaeaoia
aiaiiiai o/eeeua, o/aaiiai aaoaeueiia e iieeoeaeneiai ?aca?aa.

Ia Aaeoeeneii aiecaea iianoaioeu oniaoii ioaeee ana aoaee eiiiie
iieeoeee. Eeoue iinea oiai eae a?aa iieo/ee iiaee?aieaiea – aeaa acaiaea
ec oioa?-ioeoea?neiai o/eeeua, ?aai/ea n aiai ionooieee.

Aie ?acai?aeny e o caeaiey Aeaaiiai ii/oaioa. Auea io?aaeaia aoaea
acaiaea eo?naioia oioa?-ioeoea?neiai o/eeeua i?e iiaeaea?aeea
a?iiaiaoeiu. Oieueei iinea i?eauoey aoi?iai acaiaea i?ioeaieeo oaeaeinue
iiae i?ee?uoeai ioeaiaoiiai iaiy ioaeoue caeaiea.

Aiaaay ae?oaeeia, iaeaaeaaoay aaeaaeeaeceiiii e ay?iae?iiii ia
Eaniaiyae, aianoa n i?eniaaeeieaoeieny nieaeaoaie caiyea iai?iio e a
oa/aiee aeaoo /ania aaaeoo aie. Iie ioaeaatho aoaee eiiiiai io?yaea,
a?iiaiaoeiu e acaiaea eaaeao. Eeoue a 11 /ania 30 ieioo a?iiaiaoeia
i?i?uaaaony ia ay?iae?ii e ainnoaaoea ionooiatho.

*a?ac oanoue /ania iinea ia/aea ainnoaiey iianoaioeu inoaaeee naie
iineaaeiea iiceoeee e ionooieee. Aie n ioaeaeueiuie a?oiiaie iianoaioeaa
i?iaeieaeaeenue ianoaie aua aeaa iaaeaee.

4 aeaeaa?y ?acai?aeny aeanoieee aie iaaeaeo o?aiy ?aaiethoeeiia?aie (A.
Niiia?eeia, I. Iee?, Y. Aiain) e 30-oueth iieeoeaeneeie. Aie
i?iaeieaeaeny n 10 /ania aa/a?a aei naie /ania oo?a neaaeothuaai aeiy.
Aa?ie iiaeaee nia?oueth o?aa?uo.

7 aeaeaa?y a ia?aaiii aith n ao?aeoaciie iieeoeeae e aieineeie
iiae?acaeaeaieyie iiaeaee aa?iua nuiu o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea: A. E?aoen, ?.
Iyeuenii, A. Aiaaeaiia.

Ainnoaiea iiaeaaeaii, ianeieueei nioai ?aai/eo eaciaii, aieaa 2-o ouny/
a?ioaii a oth?ueiu.

1926

20 ai?aey 1926 aiaea ?eeniai e 12 ?oeiaiaeeoaeae Ynoiineie ?aai/ae
ia?oee auee a?anoiaaiu, ia?oey cai?auaia. A ii/ue ia 23 ai?aey ?eeniai
aue ?anno?aeyi ii i?eaiai?o aiaiii-iieaaiai noaea.

1927

3 aaaonoa aaaioaie iieeoeee aue oaeo ioaaonoaaiiue i?aaiecaoi?, /eai OeE
EIY Aeaenaiae? Eaeia?.

A eiioea 1927 aiaea auee a?anoiaaiu e inoaeaeaiu ia eaoi?ao io iyoe aei
aeanyoe eao naia?i aeaiuei ec III? (Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay i?aaiecaoeey iiiiue
?aai/ei), a oii /enea Aeaaia?a Au?e e Naeueia Ioae.

1928

A ai?aea 1928 aiaea aue cai?auai ynoiineee eiiniiie, aai ?oeiaiaeeoaee
A. E?eecaiai, A. Oaaeueiai, E. Eeaaca? inoaeaeaiu ia eaoi?ao.

A aeaeaa?a auiouai ia?aue (i?iaiue) iiia? aacaou «Naa?a O?yeeia»
(«Naa?aiaaneee ?aai/ee») – i?aai Naa?aiaaneie i?aaiecaoeee EIY e ENIY.

1929

16 oaa?aey a aieueieoea Oaeeeineie oeaio?aeueiie oth?ueiu neii/aeanue A.
Eeaiaioe. Aa iioi?iiu aueeeenue a iiuioth aeaiiino?aoeeth i?ioanoa
i?ioea e?iaaaie ao?aeoaciie aeeeoaoo?u. Ae auei 25-oue eao!

1930

13 ia?oa 1930 a. a Oaeeeia aaaiou io?aiee oaeee ?oeiaiaeeoaey ianoiie
i?aaiecaoeee EIY Eioaiiana TH?ia. I?ioee “i?ioeann 14”, “i?ioeann 11”,
“i?ioeann Oaoe” (inaaaeiiei eiiioienoee Eaoa?eiu Iaae?ee).

1931

Ia/aei aiaea. Ninoiyeny nuacae aac?aaioiuo Ynoiiee. Eca?ai Anaynoiineee
eiieoao aac?aaioiuo.

A ia?oa 1931 aiaea auee a?anoiaaiu nae?aoa?ue I?aath?i ENIY I. Eeaennii,
ia?oi?a A. Ioonaii, nae?aoa?ue OeE EIY I. Oooeue.

A ai?aea a Oa?oo aue a?anoiaai e eaciai ?ani?ino?aieoaeue eenoiaie
eiiioieno A. Iioei.

6 iay i?ioea a Oa?oo ?aai/ay aeaiiino?aoeey. Iia ninoiyeanue a aeaiue
iioi?ii A. Iioeia, oaeoiai iaeaioia 1-ai iay oa?ooneie iieeoeeae ai
a?aiy ?ani?ino?aiaiey eiiioienoe/aneeo eenoiaie.

A eiioea aiaea ninoiyeanue a Oaeeeia aeaiiino?aoeey aac?aaioiuo.

1931 aiae, eae ecaanoii oaeaea «iciaiaiiaaeny» iieeoe/aneei i?ioeannii –
«I?ioeann 34-o». Iaeei ec iaaeiyaiuo – E. Eao?enoei iieo/ee 6 eao
eaoi?ae. Iiae aai ?oeiaiaenoaii a oth?ueia noaea iaeaaaeueii
ecaeaaaoueny aacaoa iieeocaeeth/aiiuo «Aaiaeiay Eee?» e aeo?iae «Ioiaia
aeenio?e». Oai aea ii aue iaeiei ec eieoeeaoi?ia nicaeaiey – Oth?aiiiai
ath?i – ia?oi?aaiecaoeee caeeth/aiiuo.

1932

7 ieoya?y ninoiyeinue aieueoia nia?aiea aac?aaioiuo a Aeiia iiaea?ieeia
(Oaeeeii). Auaeaeioo ?yae ?aaiethoeeiiiuo o?aaiaaiee, i?e/ai a
?aciethoeee ioia/aeinue, /oi a neo/aa iaauiieiaiey eo aac?aaioiua
i?iaaaeoo aieiaeiue ia?o.

Ia aeoeaecaoeeth aac?aaioiuo ao?aeoaciia i?aaeoaeuenoai ioaaoeei iiauie
?ai?anneyie: I. Oa? e iiiaea ae?oaea ?oeiaiaeeoaee aac?aaioiuo auneaiu
ec Oaeeeiia.

1933

A yiaa?a i?ioae O?aoee Anaynoiineee nuacae aac?aaioiuo. Ii i?ioae
iaace?ay ia iieeoeaeneea ?ai?annee (iacaaeieai aei ioe?uoey nuacaea
a?anoiaaia /anoue aai aeaeaaaoia, a oii /enea I. Oa?). Nuacae i?ioae
iiae ciaeii iineaaeiaaoaeueiie ?aaiethoeeiiiie ai?ueau.

A iaa aue cae?uo ?yae oa?ooneeo eaauo ?aai/eo i?aaiecaoeee e a?anoiaaiu
aeoeaenou ?aai/aai aeaeaeaiey. A Oa?oo auea a?anoiaaia a?oiia eiiioienoa
I. Oa?a (naiue /aeiaae — ?oeiaiaeeoaee aeaeaeaiey aac?aaioiuo), a oaeaea
/eaiu aeaeaaaoeee, iiauaaaoeo n aeceoii a NNN?.

12 iay a aaaaiue Oaeeeia n ae?oaeaneei aeceoii i?eaue aa?iaineee
a?iiaiinaoe «Yiaeai». Ia ai?oo a?iiaiinoea e ia aa?aao ono?aeaaeenue
aa/a?a i?iiaaaiaeu, ianoaaeaiiua iaoeenoneie neiaieeeie, n
niioaaonoaothueie ?a/aie a /anoue oth?a?a e o.ae.

25 ieoya?y a ia?ano?aeea i?e a?anoa aue oaeo eeaea? eiiioienoia
Naa?aiaa, o/anoiee ainnoaiey 1919 aiaea – Aeaenaiae? Yeeai.

Iiya?ue. A Oaeeei i?eauea aeaeaaaoeey e?oiiaeoeo iaiaoeeeo yeiiiienoia,
n?aaee eioi?uo auei aeaa ioeoea?a ?acaaaeee.

A eiioea aiaea naei niye iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue e aeae naieoeeth ia a?ano
aeaiooaoia-eiiioienoia I. E?iina e A. Neeueaa?noiaa. Iie auee
auioaeaeaiu aaaeaoue ec Ynoiiee, e ai a?aiy iiaaaa iineaaeiee ooiioe.

1934

12 ia?oa aneaaenoaea ionoonoaey aaeeinoaa ?aai/aai eeanna E. Iyono
oaeaeinue iiae aeaeii ai?ueau n aainaie (ynoiineeie oaoenoaie)
i?iecaanoe ainoaea?noaaiiue ia?aai?io e onoaiiaeoue naith oaoenoneoth
aeeeoaoo?o. Yoi i?iecioei iaeaioia auai?ia aeaau ainoaea?noaa ii iiaie
eiinoeoooeee, aaea a nia?oaeueiie noaaoea nioeenue aeaa iiiiceoeeiiiua
oaoenoneea ia?oee: aainu A. Ne?ea, i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia aeoea?ianeoth
Aa?iaieth, e aa?a?ee E. Iyona, i?eaea?aeeaaaoeany i?iaiaeeeneie
i?eaioaoeee. Iiuoiue iieeoee Iyon, caieiaaoee oiaaea iino
i?aiuea?-ieieno?a, ?aoee oi?aaeeoue niauoey, niaiee ia/aeueieea ooaaa
a?iee aaina TH. Ou?aaiaea e 12.ia?oa 1934 a. auaae ia oeeoeu Oaeeeia
aienea. Eeaea?u aainia auee a?anoiaaiu, eo aacaou e i?aaiecaoeee
cai?auaiu, a no?aia iauyaeaii aiaiiia iieiaeaiea.

Ainoaea?noaaiiue ia?aai?io naa?oeeny, a Ynoiiee auea onoaiiaeaia
oaoenoneay aeeeoaoo?a Iyona, auai?u ioeiaeaiu ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie,
ia?eaiaio ?aniouai “ia eaoiea eaieeoeu”, a caoai 2 ieoya?y aiana
eeeaeaee?iaai. Ana ia?oee auee cai?auaiu, a caoai i?eioaeeoaeueii neeou
a aaeeiue “Ioa/anoaaiiue nithc” (“Ecaiaaeeeo”). A ?acoeueoaoa ?ai?annee
/eneaiiinoue EI nieceeanue aei 400 /aeiaae. Aeeeoaoi?neee ?aaeei
oaoenoneiai oeia aue caoeene?iaai a iiaie “eiinoeoooeee” 1937 aiaea.
?yaeii i?aceaeaioneeo aeae?aoia auee cai?auaiu ana iieeoe/aneea
i?aaiecaoeee e nithcu, caaanoiaee, ianoiia naiioi?aaeaiea.

Ai?aeue. Ainnia?aiea Ynoiiee ioi?aaeaii «ia eaoiea eaieeoeu», a iinea eo
ieii/aiey – ?aniouaii aiiaua.

N 13 ii 17 aaaonoa a Iineaa i?ioea Aaaonoianeay eiioa?aioeey EIY.
Ianoaeaeaeny aii?in nicaeaiey aaeeiiai o?iioa ?aai/aai eeanna a ai?ueaa
n oaoenoneie aeeeoaoo?ie E. Iyona.

Eaoii ao?aeoaciay io?aiea n iiiiuueth i?iaieaoi?a noaaoeea iaeioi?uo
/eaiia ia?oeeiie i?aaiecaoeee eiaie ss. E?aoena (A. Aaoe e ae?.) e
naycaiiuo n iae /eaiia Oa?ooneiai nithca iieiaeuo nioeeaeenoia.

Iiya?ue. Iieaciie noaeaaiue i?ioeann iaae a?oiiie ec 25-oe aa?iaineeo
aaaioia ai aeaaa n Aeeoi?ii oeo? Itheaiii, eioi?ui auei auianaii
iaaeiaiea a oieiiaaea a iieueco Aa?iaiee. Ana iiaenoaeeiua iieo/eee
iaeacaiea a aeaea aeaiaaeiuo oo?aoia ia ?aciua noiiu. Ieeoi aeaaea ia
aue caeeth/ai a oth?ueio.

1935 A ia?oa ninoiyeanue Anaiauay aieiaeiaea iieeocaeeth/aiiuo anao
oth?ai Ynoiiee. Iia i?iaeieaeaeanue naiue aeiae! Auei i?aaieciaaii
Oth?aiiia ath?i aaeeiiai aioeoaoenoneiai o?iioa.

A Ynoiiee ioeoeeaeueii aaaaeaia iaeiiia?oeeiay nenoaia. Ana iieeoe/aneea
ia?oee cai?auaiu. Aaeeinoaaiii i?aayuay ia?oey «Ecaiaaeeeo»(«Nithc
Ioa/anoaa»).

1936

Aieueoia niaeaenoaea Aa?iaiee a niunea oneeaiey aa aeeyiey a Ynoiiee
ieacuaaao aaie “Oaee”, io eioi?iai yeiiiie/anee caaeneo aieueoeinoai
?oeiaiaeeoaeae ynoiineiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Oae eiiaiaeothuee a?ieae aai.
Eaeaeiia? ninoieo /eaiii niaaoa yoiai aaiea; i?aceaeaio Iyon aaaeao n
aaieii “Oaee” eiiia?/aneea iia?aoeee e o.ae. Anoue oeaeue ?yae aeaiiuo,
naeaeaoaeuenoaothueo i oii, /oi Iyon e Eaeaeiia? iieo/atho io Aa?iaiee
aeaiaaeioth aeioaoeeth.

Eae ecaanoii, Aaie “Oaee” eiaao a Ynoiiee neaioeaaua eiioeannee,
oaeoe/anee ioaaouaathuea anth aeiau/o oiieeaa. Ii aeiaiai?o,
caeeth/aiiiio Oaeeii n Ynoiieae, eiioeanneiia? iaycai caianoe ia
?ac?aaioee, niiioe?iaaoue e ionoeoue niioaaonoaothuaa iai?oaeiaaiea, /oi
aaie e aeaeaao ia n?aaenoaa, iieo/aaiua io ii?neiai ieienoa?noaa

Aa?iaiee, eioi?ia e yaeyaony iiiiiieueiui aeaaeaeueoeai anae aeiau/e
oiieeaa a Ynoiiee. Iaaeaaii aa?iaineia ii?neia ieienoa?noai i?eia?aei o
“Oaeea” 10.000 oiii neaioeaaiai oiieeaa, ii e?aeia aunieei oeaiai,
iicaieythuei eiioeanneiia?o a oa/aiea aeeaeaeoeo 5-oe eao ieoieoue
cao?aoo ia iai?oaeiaaiea eiioeannee. Aeey ynoiioeaa ia ninoaaeyao
nae?aoa, /oi ?oeiaiaeyuee ia?niiae yoie eiioeannee ninoieo ia neoaeaa a
Aa?iaineii aaia?aeueiii ooaaa.

Aa?iaineia i?-ai iaauaao Ynoiiee caeoieoue aanue ynoiineee yenii?o ii
aieaa aei?iaie oeaia, /ai NNN?. Inaiueth 1936 a. i?aaeiieaaaaony
caeeth/aiea naeaeee ia i?iaeaaeo 25000 naeiae, iinoaaeyaiuo Ynoiieae a
Aa?iaieth.

I?iaeeaathuee a Oaeeeia ecaanoiue aaeiaaa?aeaaoe, i?aaenoaaeoaeue ?IANa
iieeiaiee Yiaaeueaa?o Ai?en Aeaaeeie?iae/, iieo/ee ec Aa?eeia io iaioeaa
aee?aeoeau e niaoeeaeueiua n?aaenoaa ia i?aaiecaoeeth a Ynoiiee
oa??i?enoe/aneeo, oieiineeo e aeeaa?neiiiuo a?oii aeae ia?aa?inee eo ia
oa??eoi?eth NNN?.

Yiaaeueaa?oii ia/aoa aa?aiaea ethaeae, aeaaiui ia?acii, n?aaee
aac?aaioiuo aaeuo ioeoea?ia, eae a Oaeeeia, oae e a i?iaeioeee
i?aeiouanoaaiii a a?aie/auae n NNN? iieina: Ia?aa, TH?ueaa, Ia/a?u.

Aee?aeoeau e aeaiueae io iaioeaa aeey Yiaaeueaa?oa eaeoo, ii anai
aeaiiui, /a?ac i?enyaeiiai iiaa?aiiiai E?iiiaey. E?iiiaeue a 1918 aiaeo
?aaioae a aa?iaineie iennee a Iineaa, aaea caieiaeny ?acaaaeeie.

Aania. Iieeiaiee Iaaceia (ia/aeueiee 2-ai (?acaaae.) ioaeaea Aaiooaaa),
a aneaae ca iei e ia/aeueiee ooaaa Ynoiineie a?iee aaia?ae ?yye i?eiyee
i?eaeaoaiea ?oeiaiaenoaa aa?iaooa iinaoeoue Aa?eei. Aaaa? iaycaeny
inianoeoue ynoiineoth ?acaaaeeo iia?aoeaii-oaoie/aneeie n?aaenoaaie;
Iaaceia e ?yye, ni naiae noi?iiu, aeaee niaeanea ia eniieueciaaiea
oa??eoi?ee Ynoiiee aeey ?aaiou i?ioea NNN?.

A ?anii?yaeaiea ynoiineie ?acaaaeee auea i?aaeinoaaeaia oioiaiia?aoo?a
aeey i?iecaiaenoaa nieieia niaaoneeo aiaiiuo ei?aaeae n iayeia Oeineiai
caeeaa, a oaeaea ono?ienoaa ?aaeeiia?aoaaoa, eioi?ua auee onoaiiaeaiu
aaeieue anae niaaonei-ynoiineie a?aieoeu. Aeey ieacaiey oaoiiiiue a
Oaeeei auee iai?aaeaiu niaoeeaeenou ioaeaea aeaoeo?iaee IEA.

1938

Nicaeaiu «eaaa?y aeey eiaeu?ae» – eaaa?y aeey i?eioaeeoaeueiiai o?oaea
aac?aaioiuo. A ieo caeeth/aee ia n?ie io 6 ianyoeaa aei 3 eao anao
«oaoathueony aac ?aaiou e n?aaenoa e nouanoaiaaieth». Oth?aiiue ?aaeei.
12-oe /aniaie ?aai/ee aeaiue e oaeaniua iaeacaiey ?icaaie.

7 iay. Anaiauay aiienoey. Oieueei ec Oaeeeineie oth?ueiu auoei aieaa 100
iieeocaeeth/aiiuo.

A ethia ia?aciaaii iaeaaaeueiia ath?i EIY (E. Eao?enoei, O. Aeeee, I.
Iao?yy, O. A?aii, I. Eyy?aei, I. Nai?a (n ia/aea 1940 aiaea)). Ath?i
auiieiyei ooieoeee OeE EIY.

1939

Ai?aeue. Ia/aeueiee Aaiooaaa Ynoiineie a?iee aaia?ae ?yye i?eaeaoai a
Aa?iaieth ii neo/ath aeiy ?iaeaeaiey oth?a?a e naycaiiuo n yoei
oi?aeanoa.

Ethiue. Ei?aaooai – eaieoai A. Oeaeea?eon iacia/ai ioeoea?ii nayce
Aaaa?a i?e ooaaa ynoiineie a?iee.

7 ethiy. Iaaeaeo Aa?iaieae e Ynoiieae caeeth/ai iaeo i iaiaiaaeaiee.

26-29 ethiy n 4-o aeiaaiui aeceoii a Ynoiiee iiauaae ia/aeueiee aaiooaaa
nooiiooiuo aiene Aa?iaiee aaia?ae – eaeoaiaio O?aioe Aaeueaea?.

18 ethey a Ynoiieth i?eaoaee aaeie?ae Eaia?en, Aain Ieeaia?ie(ia/.
oi?aaeaiey «Aaaa? -1(?acaaaeea)) e O?aioe Aaioeaaiuee (ia/. oi?aaeaiey
«Aaaa? – 3» (eiio??acaaaeea)).

1940

A ii/ue ia 1 ai?aey a Oaeeeia ia eaa?oe?a enoiiieea iieeeeeieee
Oaeeeineie aieueie/iie eannu O. A?aiia ia Ouieniyae ia/aeanue
iaeaaaeueiay eiioa?aioeey EIY (20 aeaeaaaoia). Eiioa?aioeey auaeaeioea
caaea/o naa?aeaiey oaoenoneie aeeeoaoo?u e nicaeaiey ia?iaeiiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa.

18 ethiy aeaaeii ao?aeoaciie Ynoiiee – Eaeaeiia?, naiei i?eeacii, aaae
eiiaiaeaioneee /an, cai?aoea any/aneea nia?aiey e noiaeee.

19 ethiy ia i?ionithciii nia?aiee a Oaeeeia iieeoeey a?anoiaaea /eaiia
IA EIY

A?aiia e Nai?a.

21 ethiy o?oaeyueany Ynoiiee iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii EIY naa?aee
ao?aeoacii-oaoenoneoth aeeeoaoo?o. Aunooieaieai ?oeiaiaeee ia?oeeiue
oeaio? (E. Eao?enoei, O. A?aii, I. Eyy?aei e I. Nai?a). Ianniaay
aeaiiino?aoeey o?oaeyueony i?ioea ii Oaeeeio, ono?ieea iano?oeoeeth
Iyono, iuoaaoaiony aunooieoue n aaeeiia i?aceaeaioneiai aeai?oea, e
ioi?aaeeanue inaiaiaeaeaoue caeeth/aiiuo ec oth?ueiu ia Aaoa?aeiie
oeeoea. Ia ?oeao auee auianaiu ocieee, i?iaaaeoea a canoaieao aieaa 15
eao: A. Ioe, E. Naaaa?, A. Naei. Aa/a?ii oiai aea aeiy auei iauyaeaii i
oi?ie?iaaiee iiaiai eaaeiaoa ieieno?ia ai aeaaa n ecaanoiui ienaoaeai A.
Aa?anii. Nicaeaii aeaiie?aoe/aneia i?aaeoaeuenoai aioeoaoenoneiai
ia?iaeiiai o?iioa. Ie iaeiiai eiiioienoa a i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia auei (ia
iiiaio eaaaeecaoeee a EIY ian/eouaaeinue anaai 150 /aeiaae), ii iicaea
ana ieieno?u anooieee a EIY.

22 ethiy aue oaieai Eaeaeiia?.

27 ethiy cai?auai “Eaeonaeeeo”, ia/aeanue yia?ae/iay niaaoecaoeey
ynoiineiai iauanoaa.

4 ethey aa/a?ii ii ?aaeei aunooiee eiiaiaeothuee a?iee aaia?ae A.EIINII,
cayaeaoee i aaaaeaiee a a?iee einoeoooa iieeoe/aneeo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae.

5 ethey ?aoaieai ia/aeueieea aioo?aiiae iai?iie caianoeoaeai ieieno?a
aioo?aiieo aeae Oaaa?iaia ioiaiaii ?aoaiea i cai?auaiee aeayoaeueiinoe
ynoiineie eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee. Auoae 1-e iiia? aacaou “Eiiioieno”,
ieieno? aioo?aiieo aeae Oioue i?eneae i?eaaonoaea ia eiy OeE EI(a)Y a
nayce n ioiaiie aa cai?auaiey.

A Ia?aii iiia?a aacaou OeE EI(a) Ynoiiee “Eiiioieno” ?aaeaeoeey
ia?auaaony e /eoaoaeyi ni neaaeothuei ia?auaieai:

“A naaiaeiyoiee enoi?e/aneee aeaiue, eiaaea ii/oe iinea 22-o eaoiaai
ia?a?uaa “Eiiioieno” niiaa iiaeao auoiaeeoue eaaaeueii, iu n aeoaieei
au?aaeaieai /oei iaiyoue oao ?aaeaeoi?ia, ia/aoieeia, ?ani?ino?aieoaeae
e ae?oaeo nio?oaeieeia, eioi?ua inoaaeee naith aeeciue a iieaauo noaeao,
eacaiaoao iieeoe/aneie iieeoeee eee auee i?inoi cano?aeaiu ia oeeoeao ca
oi, /oiau i?aai eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee iia au iaeoe iooue e na?aeoeai
o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea aeaaea oiaaea eiaaea ii noiye aia caeiia.

Niciaaay eaaeauoth ia ian aieueooth ioaaonoaaiiinoue, iaauaai aeinoieii
ianoe aia?aae i?ioaiioth e?iaueth yoeo iaaoeo ai?oeia aeiaeanoioth
/anoue “eiiioienoa” e aiaaia ciaiy a ai?ueaa ca aaeeeia aeaei
Ia?ena-Yiaaeuena-Eaieia-Noaeeia, ca inaiaiaeaeaiea ?aai/aai eeanna”.

A ia?aii iiia?a “Eiiioienoa” iioaeeeiaaii aieueoia eiee/anoai
i?eaaonoaee ?aaeaeoeee “Eiiioienoa” ii neo/ath aai auoiaea io ?acee/iuo
i?aaiecaoeee. A ia?aaeiaie noaouea, icaaeaaeaiiie “I?ioea i?iaieaoi?ia
aieiu”, “Eiiioieno” ieoao i iaiaoiaeeiinoe oe?aieaiey ae?oaeau n
Niaaoneei Nithcii.

Iioaeeeiaaii iinoaiiaeaiea i?aaeoaeuenoaa e i?aceaeaioa i aiceiaeaiee
inouanoaeaiey iieeoe/aneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa a a?iee ia eioi?iaoeeiiiue
oeaio?, eioi?ue aeieaeai eiioaeoe?iaaoue naith ?aaioo n aiaiiui
ieienoa?noaii e eiiaiaeiaaieai a?iee.

?aoaieai ia/aeueieea aioo?aiiae iai?iiu ?aniouaiu oeeeaeu
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aaiecaoeee “A?iee nianaiey”, a oaeaea cae?uo aa
ia/aoiue i?aai.

I?iaeieaeaaony aeaca?oe?noai ec ynoiineie a?iee, iniaaiii nieaeao
?onneie iaoeeiiaeueiinoe. Nieaeaou yaeythony a niaaoneea /anoe,
eiinoeuenoai NNN? e i?. i?aaiecaoeee, cayaeyy, /oi ia?aoii iie a a?ieth
ia iieaeoo, oae eae eo aeaeao ?ani?aaa ni noi?iiu ?aaeoeeiiiuo
yeaiaioia.

Aiaoia a Oaeeeia ana niieieii. I?ae?aoeeanue iaie/aneay auaiea aeeaaeia
ec aaieia e caeoiea oiaa?ia. Auaoea /eaiu eaeonaeeoa, ia ioaaaeeaaynue
ia ?aceea aunooieaiey, oiaeyo ii oeeoeai n o?aooeaaoiuie iaoeeiiaeueiuie
ynoiineeie cia/eaie a iaoeeoeao, aeaiueiu iinyo aaeua oeaaou,
iiae/a?eeaay yoei, /oi iie aaeua, a ia e?aniua. Ii oaeeo eeoe iaiiiai.
N?aaee a?aaeaeaaii iano?iaiiuo yeaiaioia i?iaeieaeatho oii?ii
oee?eoee?iaaoue neooe i aiciiaeiii noieeiiaaiee iaaeaeo Aa?iaieae e
Niaaoneei Nithcii, i?e/ai iiae/a?eeaaaony, /oi Aa?iaiey a oaeii neo/aa
aoaeao inaiaiaeeoaeueieoeae Ynoiiee io aieueoaaeeia. I?aaeiieaaatho, /oi
ia?aui oaaii Aa?iaiee a yoie /anoe aoaeao acyoea i?ioaeoi?aoa iaae
Oeieyiaeeae, eioi?ay yeiau aeia?iaieueii ioaeano naay iiae i?ioaeoi?ao
Aa?iaiee.

A aacaoao iioaeeeiaaii niiauaiea ia inaiaiaeaeaiee io aeieaeiinoe
ieieno?a thnoeoeee Ai?ena Naiia.

6 ethey iioaeeeiaaii niiauaiea i iacia/aiee n?iea auai?ia iiaiai ninoaaa
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeoiu ia 14-15.VII-1940 a. Ia?aciaai aeaaiue eiieoao
auai?ia, i?aaenaaeaoaeai eioi?iai ooaa?aeaeai aiiaue iacia/aiiue ieieno?
THnoeoeee O?eae?eo Ieaieue.

OeE Eiiia?oee Ynoiiee e Oeaio?aeueiue Niaao i?ioanneiiaeueiuo nithcia a
nayce n yoei auionoeee aiccaaiea iiae eicoiaaie oe?aieaiey ae?oaeau
iaaeaeo ia?iaeaie Ynoiiee e NNN? e iauaaeeiaiey anaai ynoiineiai ia?iaea
aie?oa anaai o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea.

A Oaeeeia ninoiyeenue a 2 /ana aeiy ieoeia e aeaiiino?aoeey,
i?aaieciaaiiay OeE Eiiia?oee Ynoiiee e OeE Niaaoa i?ionithcia, a eioi?ie
o/anoaiaaee aieaa 20 ouny/ /aeiaae. Aiaeiae/iua aeaiiino?aoeee
ninoiyeenue ii anai ai?iaeai Ynoiiee.

Auoae ia?aue iiia? aacaou “O?oaeiaie Iooue” ia ?onneii ycuea.
?aaeaeoi?ii aacaou iacia/ai Ae. Eocueiei. Oe?aae ia?auo iiia?ia 15.000
yecaiiey?ia. A oa/aiea aeeaeaeoaai a?aiaie ?aaeaeoeey i?aaeiieaaaao
aeiaanoe oe?aae aei 25.000 yec.

7 ethey ia/aeanue ecae?aoaeueiay eaiiaiey ii auai?ai a ainoaea?noaaiioth
aeoio. I?aaeoaeuenoai ecaeaei ?anii?yaeaiea i ii?yaeea i?iecaiaenoaa
auai?ia a ainoaea?noaaiioth aeoio. Aeaaiue ecae?aoaeueiue eiieoao
iacia/ee n?ie eni?aaeaiey e iiiieiaiey nieneia a?aaeaeai, eiathueo i?aai
aieina, n 5-a ii 9-a ethey (aeeth/eoaeueii). N?ie auaeaeaeaiey
eaiaeeaeaoia aeey aieiniaaiey oaeaea n 5 ii 9 ethey.

“Nithc o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea Ynoiiee”, iauaaeeiythuee oeaio?aeueiue niaao
i?ionithcia, eiiioienoe/aneoth ia?oeth Ynoiiee, nithc iaeicaiaeueiuo
e?anoueyi, anaynoiineee eiiioienoe/aneee nithc iieiaeaaee e ae?oaea
i?ioanneiiaeueiua e eoeueoo?iua i?aaiecaoeee, i?iaiaeyo ecae?aoaeueioth
eaiiaieth iiae eicoiaii iauaaeeiaiea anao ?aai/eo e e?anoueyi e
o?oaeiaie eioaeeeaaioeee aie?oa ieaooi?iu Nithca.

A Iy?io auaeaeioou ia?aua eaiaeeaeaoo?u Nithca. Eaiaeeaeaoaie aeey
eca?aiey a ninoaa ainoaea?noaaiiie aeoiu auaeaeioo ieieno? aioo?aiieo
aeae Oioue, caianoeoaeue ai?iaeneiai aieiau Oaii, ieieno? i?inaauaiey
Naiia? e i?. Eaiaeeaeaoo?u ao?aeoaciuo e?oaia iiea aua ieaaea ia
aunoaaeaiu.

Ai anao aacaoao iioaeeeiaaiu i?eaaonoaey iiaiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa aiaeaeth
ia?iaeia oia. Noaeeio, aeaaa niaaoneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa Ia?iaeiiio
eiienna?o eiino?aiiuo aeae oia. Iieioiao.

Ia/aeueiee 2 ioaeaea ooaaa a?iee iieeiaiee Naa?nai auoae a ionoaaeo e
ooiaeeo n aeaenoaeoaeueiie neoaeau a a?iee.

Aacaoa “?aoaaoyaeue” a aieueoie noaouea iiae?iaii ?acae?aao
“ecae?aoaeueiua iaoeiaoeee”, aeaaiaea?y eioi?ui i?ioae a
ainoaea?noaaiioth aeoio i?ioeiai ninoaaa io ai?iaea Iy?io auaoee
i?aiuea? ieieno? Ea?i Yieaei (Yeiaoiae).

Iioaeeeiaaii ienueii i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai oeaio?a eiiioienoe/aneiai nithca
iieiaeaaee Ynoiiee n ecaauaieai ia i?aaiecaoeee nithca.

8 ethey i?iaeieaeaaony auaeaeaeaiea eaiaeeaeaoia aeey eca?aiey a
ainoaea?noaaiioth aeoio “Nithcii o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea”. A Aaeaaiaa
eaiaeeaeaoaie auaeaeioou i?aaenaaeaoaeue i?ionithca Oaeeeineeo
iaoaeeenoia Aaeieueo IssNN – auaoee iieeocaeeth/aiiue, i?iaaaeoee 14 eao
a oth?ueia, E.IEIAN e ae?oaea. A Ia?aa eaiaeeaeaoii 65 ecae?aoaeueiiai
ie?oaa auaeaeioo ?aai/ee E?aiaieueneie iaiooaeoo?u Aaaono IUEON.

A aacaoao “Eiiioieno” e “?aoaaoeaeue” i?iaeieaeaao ioaeeeiaaoueny iioie
i?eaaonoaee eiiia?oee a nayce n aa eaaaeecaoeeae. A aacaoao iioaeeeiaaiu
i?eaaonoaey eiiia?oee i?ionithca oeiia?aoneeo ?aai/eo, io a?oiiu
ynoiineeo aeia?iaieueoeaa eioa?iaoeeiiaeueiuo a?eaaae a Eniaiee, io
i?ionithcia aeanoyiueeia e i?i/.

Ia aeieaeiinoue canaaeaoaeueiiai eiio?iey aianoi ooiaeyuaai a ionoaaeo
Ea?ea NOIIIA i?aaeiieaaaaony iacia/eoue iuiaoiaai i?aaenaaeaoaey
oeaio?aeueiiai niaaoa i?ionithcia Ynoiiee Aeaenaiae?a AAAIA, iaaeaaii
aa?ioaoaainy ec yiea?aoeee ec Oaaoeee.

9 ethey iieeoe/aneei ?oeiaiaeeoaeai ynoiineie a?iee iacia/ai /eai OeE
EI(a) Ynoiiee oia. Iaoeue Ea?oi.

N 14 ii 15 ethey i?ioiaeeee auai?u a Ainaeoio.

21 ethey E. Eao?enoei (eca?ai ii nieneo «Nithca o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea») ia
canaaeaiee Ainaeoiu aunooiee n aeieeaaeii i ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe a
Ynoiiee e i?aaeeiaeee iauyaeoue Ynoiieth niaaoneie nioeeaeenoe/aneie
?anioaeeeie.

Aiiaue eca?aiiay Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia aaeeiiaeanii i?eiyea ?aoaiea ia
iauyaeaiee Ynoiiee niaaoneie nioeeaeenoe/aneie ?anioaeeeie.

23 ethey Ainaeoia, aeey au?aaioee eiinoeoooeee, ecae?aao ec naiaai
ninoaaa eiienneth ec 25-oe /aeiaae ai aeaaa n E. Eao?enoeiii e E.
Aa?anii.

A ia/aea aaaonoa aeaeaaaoeey Ainaeoiu auaoaea a Iineao aeey ia?aaea/e
Aa?oiaiiio Niaaoo NNN? i?inueau ynoiineiai ia?iaea i i?eiyoee YNN? a
ninoaa Niaaoneiai Nithca.

6 aaaonoa YNN? i?eiyoa a ninoaa NNN?.

25 aaaonoa canaaeaiea Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa YNN?, ia eioi?ii a niioaaonoaee
n Eiinoeoooeeae YNN?, ia?aciaaii iiaia i?aaeoaeuenoai-Niaao ia?iaeiuo
eiienna?ia (NIE). I?aaenaaeaoaeai NIE YNN? aaeeiiaeanii eca?ai E.
Eao?enoei.

13 aeaeaa?y Oeaio?aeueiue Niaao i?ionithcia i?aia?aciaai a Oeaio?aeueiue
Niaao i?ionithcia Ynoiineie NNN? ( n 23 aeaeaa?y 1940 aiaea ii 15 ia?oa
1941 aiaea i?aaenaaeaoaeue I?aceaeeoia Oeaio?iniaaoa – O. A?aii).

1941.

A ia/aea aiaea i?ionithcu ioaaouaaee 150 ouny/ o?oaeyueony, i?e/ai a
iineaaeiea aeie ao?aeoacee auei 20 ouny/ /eaiia i?ionithcia.

Eaoii /enei eiiniiieueoeaa a YNN? aeinoeaei 10 ouny/ /aeiaae.

12 yiaa?y ynoiineee ia?iae ecae?aao naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a Aa?oiaiue
Niaao NNN?.

A oaa?aea a Oaeeeia i?ioae *aoaa?oue nuacae EIY.

12 ethey nicaeai ?anioaeeeaineee eiieoao iai?iiu Ynoiiee.

A aiaeu Aaeeeie ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu eiiioienou Ynoiiee o?aa?i
n?aaeaeenue ca naith ?iaeeio – Niaaoneoth Ynoiieth, ca a?aoneee Nithc
ia?iaeia – NNN?. Iaee ia?aua aea?oau. Iiaea ia aiaaii iinoo /eai OeE
EIY, aeaiooao AN NNN?, i?aaenaaeaoaeue NIE YNN? e /eai ?anioaeeeaineiai
eiieoaoa iai?iiu – E. Eao?enoei. Oaeaea neiaeeee naie aieiau aa?iua nuiu
o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea: nae?aoa?ue OeE EIY ii eaae?ai A. Iaoe;
i?aaenaaeaoaeue I?aceaeeoia Oeaio?aeueiiai Niaaoa i?ionithcia YNN?, /eai
OeE EIY, aeaiooao AN YNN? e AN NNN? – A. Nanne; eino?oeoi? OeE EIY – I.
Oooeue( iae a aith iiae Ia?aie a ?yaeao eno?aaeoaeueiiai aaoaeueiia).

9 iay 1942 aiaea eaciai aanoaii – I. Oa?, inoaaeaiiue ii caaeaieth EIY
aeey i?aaiecaoeee ai?ueau a oueo a?aaa. 2 ethey eaciai oaoenoneeie
ieeoiaioaie, inoaaeaiiue ii caaeaieth ia?oee ia iiaeiieueiie ?aaioa a
Ynoiiee, – nae?aoa?ue OeE EIY ii i?iiuoeaiiinoe, aeaiooao AN YNN? – O.
A?aii.

Nienie ia iieii, ii iiaeaea eo aannia?oai e iie anaaaea inoaioony a
iaoeo na?aeoeao. Iie naiei aeeciaiiui i?eia?ii iieacaee, ia /oi niiniaiu
o?oaeyueany, eiaaea iauaaeeiaiu e ciatho ca /oi n?aaeathony. Ioneae
iiiaea ec ieo iiaeaee, ii iie iieacaee i?eia?. Iie i?ioee neaicue
iiaaaeu, ii?aaeaiey e ia iioa?yee aa?u. Iie a ethaie neooaoeee
i?iaeieaeaee ai?ueao e ia naeaaaeenue! Ia eo ianoa, i?eaeoo iiaua aa?ie.
Ii ae?oaiio ia iiaeao auoue!

Nae/an a Ynoiiee enoi?ey iiaa?iooa aniyoue, niiaa oi?aeanoaoao
ao?aeoacey. Ii ai?ueaa ia ieii/aia, iia oieueei ia/eiaaony! Ynoiiey
aoaeao Niaaoneie! Eae e iaoa iiiaino?aaeaeueiay ?iaeeia! Niiaa aoaeoo
aianoa, iea/ii e iea/o – aeaa a?aoneeo ia?iaea. ?aai/ei ia/aai aeaeeoue!
O ian iaeia, i?aaaea! Rot Front!

A. Ieeieaaa ?aai/ee ec Eeiaenaiia.

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