A enoi?ee oeeinioee oai?/anoai ?aia Aeaea?oa (1596 – 1650) –
iaeia ec naiuo aieueoeo aa?oei, iaeii ec aaee/aeoeo aeinoeaeaiee. Aaae-
iaeoee i?eioeei iaoiaeieiaee enneaaeiaaiey enoi?eei-oeeinioneiai i?i-
oeanna ninoieo, eae ecaanoii, a oii, /oiau a aeaeaeaiee oeeinioneeo
o/aiee, nenoai, eaoaai?ee, eaeae ?ane?uaaoue ai?ueao iaoa?eaeecia e
eaeaaeecia [2]. Ai?ueaa yoa ia noaoe/ia e aanueia i?ioeai?a/eaa, iia
ioithaeue ia eaaeeo ia iiaa?oiinoe aeaaea ioe?uoi i?ioeainoiyueo oeei-
nioneeo o/aiee e nenoai. Oaeay ai?ueaa auea ii/oe anaaaea iaiaeiiiea-
iiaie e iaiaeiicia/iie. ?acaeoea aa iaia?oaeeaaei oaeoaeaiea /aeiaa-
/aneiai ciaiey, oneiaeiaiea niciaiey /aeiaaea a aai iiiaiia?aciuo
aniaeoao, a aai ioiioaiee e i?e?iaea e eoeueoo?a. Iniaaiiinoue oeei-
nioneiai oai?/anoaa Aeaea?oa a oii, /oi a iai auee noi?ioee?iaaiu
iiaua e iaoa?eaeenoe/aneea e eaeaaeenoe/aneea iieiaeaiey. Oai naiui
ai?ueaa iaoa?eaeecia e eaeaaeecia iiaeiyeanue ia aieaa aunieoth noo-
iaiue. E oioy nai Aeaea?o a eiia/iii n/aoa neeiieeny a noi?iio eaeaa-
eecia, ii niiauee yoie ai?ueaa iiaue eiioeuen.
Naie i?iecaaaeaiey Aeaea?o iaienae a 20 – 40-o aiaeao OVII a.,
ii oynieoue eo niaea?aeaiea iaaiciiaeii aac o/aoa ia?iiiuo eciaiaiee a
aa?iiaeneie – i?aaeaea anaai caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneie – enoi?ee a ia?eiae
Aic?iaeaeaiey, ia/aaoaainy a Eoaeee oaea a OIV a., a e eiioeo OV – ia-
/aeo OVI a. noaaoaai, iiaeii neacaoue, iauaaa?iiaeneei yaeaieai. Yoi
auee a?aiaia oniaoia ?aiiaao?aeoaciie eoeueoo?u, i?aaenoaaeaiiie ai-
aaoaeoei oai?/anoaii aoiaienoia. Eae ecaanoii, ?aiiaao?aeoaciay ii
naiaio nioeeaeueiiio i?ienoiaeaeaieth eoeueoo?a aoiaiecia,
eiioeaio?e?i-
aaaoayny a ai?iaeao, ?iaeaeaeanue e ?acaeaaeanue a i?ioeainoiyiee eoeue-
oo?a oaiaeaeueiiai, i?aeiouanoaaiii naeueneiai, canoieii-ea?a?oe/an-
eiai iauanoaa. Eaeaieiae/aneie iniiaie yoiai iauanoaa auea o?en-
oeaineay ?aeeaey n aa iiiai/eneaiiuie aeiaiaie, oae eee eia/a in-
iuneyaiuie a noieanoe/aneeo oeeinioneeo nenoaiao e iino?iaieyo.
Anee iiiuoaoueny i?aaeaeueii e?aoei noi?ioee?iaaoue nooue oaioeaio-
?e/anei-noieanoe/aneiai ie?iaicc?aiey, o?oaeii iaeoe aieaa iiaeoiaey-
uaa neiai, /ai nica?oeaoaeueiinoue, iieeoaaiiay iiei?iinoue n?aaeiaaa-
eiaiai /aeiaaea, au?aaeaaoay aai i?aeiouanoaaiii i?eniiniaeoaeueioth
iiceoeeth a ioiioaiee i?e?iaeu e nioeeaeueiiai ie?a. Oeeiniou-aoiaien-
ou, a aieueoeinoaa naiai ioithaeue ia iinyaay aua ia naiua iniiau ?a-
eeaeiciinoe, aianoa n oai ?aoeoaeueii auaeaeaaee ia ia?aue ieai /a-
eiaaea n aai iiiaiia?aciuie oaeaniuie e aeooiaiuie iio?aaiinoyie.
Ionthaea a iauai aeoeaenoneay iiceoeey aoiaienoe/aneie oeeinioee, ei-
oi?ay a i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue oaieiaee e noieanoe/aneie oeeinioee, on-
iao?eaaaoei niune /aeiaa/aneie aeecie a inouanoaeaiee oea?noaa aiaa
ia caiea, iainiiauaaea eaeaae o/?aaeaeaiey a iinthnoi?iiiae aeecie
oea?noaa naiiai /aeiaaea. Oaeia iainiiaaiea auei eae eiaeeaeaeoaeue-
ii-yoe/aneei, oae e nioeeaeueiui. N oa/aieai a?aiaie, ii ia?a onia-
oia i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e ?acaeoey anoanoaaiiiiao/iie
iunee (iniaaiii e eiioeo OVI – ia/aeo OVII a.), eaeaae oea?noaa /aei-
aaea ia caiea i?eia?aoae e iao/ii-oaoie/aneoth eiie?aoecaoeeth. Aanue-
ia oaaaeaeaiiui e e?anii?a/eaui i?iiaaaiaeenoii aeaenoaaiiie iaoee
noae O?yinen Ayeii (1561 – 1626), iacaaiiue E. Ia?enii ?iaeiia/aeue-
ieeii aiaeeeneiai iaoa?eaeecia e anae nia?aiaiiie yenia?eiaioe?oth-
uae iaoee. Ai?y/ei noi?iiieeii iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna – iae-
iie ec aaaeiaeoeo noi?ii ?iaeaeaaoaeny ao?aeoaciie eoeueoo?u – ia ?ac
iauyaeye naay e Aeaea?o.
Eiia/ii, nioeeaeueiay neooaoeey, neiaeeaoayny a ia?aie iieiaeia
OVII a. ai O?aioeee, ioee/aeanue io oie, eioi?ay auea oa?aeoa?ia aeey
Aiaeee, aaea i?eaeeaeaeanue ao?aeoaciay ?aaiethoeey, naiay c?aeay ec
oao, /oi a iaoae eeoa?aoo?a iau/ii eiaiothony ?aiieie. Oioy O?aioeee
auei oiaaea aeaeaei aei ao?aeoaciie ?aaiethoeee, ana aea e caeanue a
oo
yiioo aicieeee oneiaey, ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeeaoea auc?aaaiea oeei-
nioneie aeieo?eiu Aeaea?oa. N?aaee oaeeo oneiaee ia?ainoaiaiioth ?ieue
ea?aei oi?ie?iaaiea neeueiaeoaai aaniethoenoneiai ainoaea?noaa ai
a?aiaia Aai?eoa IV, ?eoaeuea, Iaca?eie. A ai?ueaa i?ioea noa?ie oai-
aeaeueiie ciaoe, nii?ioeaeyaoaeny ainoaea?noaaiiie oeaio?aeecaoeee, ana
yoe enoi?e/aneea aeayoaee iie?aeenue ia oieueei ia n?aaeiaa e iaeeia
aeai?yinoai (a iniaaiiinoe neoaeeeia, oae iacuaaaiia aeai?yinoai iai-
oee), ii e ia ?anoouoth ao?aeoaceth, oiaea caeioa?aniaaiioth a oe?aiea-
iee iaoeeiiaeueiiai ainoaea?noaa, noeioee?iaaaoaai i?iiuoeaiii-iaio-
oaeoo?ioth e oi?aiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue, anooiaaoaai a aiaiiia i?ioeain-
oiyiea n ae?oaeie aa?iiaeneeie ainoaea?noaaie, ?anoe?yaoaai eieiie-
aeueioth yeniaineth a caii?neeo no?aiao. I?iecaiaenoaaiiua oniaoe a
yoio ?aiiee, iaiooaeoo?iue ia?eiae ?acaeoey eaieoaeecia a no?aiao
Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu i?e anae eo ne?iiiinoe a n?aaiaiee n yiioie i?i-
iuoeaiiiai ia?aai?ioa ana aea niaeaenoaiaaee ?acaeoeth iao/iuo ennea-
aeiaaiee e i?eiaiaieth anoanoaaiiiiao/iuo ciaiee a ii?aieaaaiee, ai-
aiiii aeaea, a iaeioi?uo noa?ao i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Eae
ie a iaeio ec i?aaeoanoaothueo yiio enoi?ee eoeueoo?u, iaoea noaiiae-
eanue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie neeie. E?oaeee o/aiuo-aoiaienoia, aicieeoea a
Eoaeee oaea a OV a., a iineaaeothuea aeaa noieaoey e oai, e a iniaai-
iinoe a Aiaeee e ai O?aioeee i?aa?auaeenue a e?oaeee iaoaiaoeeia e
anoanoaieniuoaoaeae. Aiciiaeiinoue i?aeoe/aneiai i?eiaiaiey iao/iuo
ioe?uoee ia?auaea e iaoea aci?u i?aaeoaeae. A Aiaeee e ai O?aioeee
aicieeaee ioeoeeaeueii i?eciaiiua niiauanoaa o/aiuo – i?iia?acu iu-
iaoieo aeaaeaiee iaoe.
?aia Aeaea?o ?iaeeeny a Eay (ai?iaeie a i?iaeioeee Oo?aiue) a
naiuea neoaeeeiai aeai?yieia 31 ia?oa 1596 a. A 1606 a. ii aue ioi-
?aaeai iooeii a eieeaaeth Ea Oeao – iaeii ec eo/oeo o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee
oiaaeaoiae O?aioeee, ca ianeieueei eao aei oiai iniiaaiiia eacoeoaie n
naieoeee Aai?eoa IV. THiue ?aia iao/aeny caeanue aieaa aeaayoe eao. Ii
naeaeaoaeuenoao c?aeiai Aeaea?oa, o/aaa a yoie eieeaaee ii aue iaycai
aanueia iiiaei. Naii aicieeiiaaiea oaeiai o/aaiiai caaaaeaiey – oa-
?aeoa?iia yaeaiea yiioe.
Iaiiiiei, /oi i?aeai eacoeoia, aicieeoee a na?aaeeia OVI a.,
noae iaeiei ec iniiaiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiii-eaeaieiae/aneeo i?oaeee eiio-
??aoi?iaoeee. A ai?ueaa i?ioea ?aoi?iaoeeiiiuo aeaeaeaiee, ioaeaeeaoeo
io eaoiee/aneie oea?eae ?yae no?ai e iaeanoae Aa?iiu, yoiio i?aeaio
i?eiaaeeaaeaea aeaaiay ?ieue. Iniiaiia nioeeaeueiia niaea?aeaiea
?aoi?ia-
oeee (iniaaiii aa eaeueaeienoneiai iai?aaeaiey) auei ao?aeoaciui. Ea-
oiee/aneay eiio??aoi?iaoeey, iai?ioea, au?aaeaea i?aaeaea anaai eioa-
?anu noaaeeecaoeee oaiaeaeueiuo ii?yaeeia e oeaiiinoae. Ii a Caiaaeiie
Aa?iia iie noaiiaeeenue ana aieaa oaoeeie – ii?aaeaeythuei ?oneii ni-
oeeaeueiiai e eoeueoo?iiai i?ia?anna aue iooue ao?aeoaciiai ?acaeoey,
iaaiciiaeiiai aac oaniie nayce n ?acaeoeai ciaiey (a iniaaiiinoe
anoanoaaiiiiao/iiai). Yoi iaoei naia io?aaeaiea a iaeioi?uo iniaai-
iinoyo i?aaiecaoeee e aeayoaeueiinoe i?aeaia eacoeoia. No?aiynue e oi?-
ie?iaaieth ia?aciaaiiuo e oaaaeaeaiiuo iineoaeae eaoiee/aneie aa?u,
eacoeou a iniiaaiiuo eie o/aaiuo caaaaeaieyo auee auioaeaeaiu ioaea-
aaoue ii?aaeaeaiioth aeaiue aayieyi a?aiaie.
Eiia/ii, iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea i?ia?aii iao/aiey inoaaaeinue
o?aaeeoeeiiiui, “aoiaieoa?iui”. A ieo i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue i?aaeaea anaai
eco/aiea ae?aaieo ycueia. Eaoeineei ycueii, inoaaaaoeiny ycueii aa-
?iiaeneie iaoee e iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai iauaiey o/aiuo, Aeaea?o iaeaaeae a
niaa?oainoaa (eaouiue noaea, iiaeii neacaoue, aoi?ui aai ?iaeiui ycu-
eii). Iiiai a?aiaie ioaiaeeeinue a eieeaaee eco/aieth i?iecaaaeaiee
ae?aaieo ienaoaeae, inaiaieth i?aaee ?eoi?eee. Ana yoi caieiaei ai-
eaa iyoe eao o/aau. O?e iineaaeieo eeanna n/eoaeenue “oeeinioneeie”.
A ae?aaiinoe e a n?aaeiaaaeiauea oeeinioey aeeth/aea a naay niaieoi-
iinoue eae nianoaaiii oeeinioneeo, oae e eiie?aoiiiao/iuo ciaiee –
iaoaoeceeo, eiaeeo, yoeeo, oeceeo e iaoaiaoeeo. A oeeinioneie o?a-
aeeoeee eaoieeoeecia ainiiaenoaiaae a?enoioaeeci, eae ii aue i?aia?a-
ciaai e?oiiaeoei ec n?aaeiaaaeiauo o/eoaeae eaoiee/aneie oea?eae Oi-
iie Aeaeineei (aaaeiaeoei yeaiaioii oaeiai i?aia?aciaaiey noaea
oaniaeoay naycue iaoaoeceee n oaieiaeae e aeaaea iiae/eiaiea aa oaiei-
aee). Oeceea a iniiaiii naiaeeeanue e a?enoioaeaanei-noieanoe/aneei
oiic?eoaeueiui ?annoaeaeaieyi i i?e?iaea. Aaaeiaeoae iiaaoeeae,
aaaaeai-
iie eacoeoaie a i?ia?aiio iao/aiey a eieeaaee Ea Oeao, auei aei-
aieueii eioaineaiia eco/aiea iaoaiaoe/aneeo aeenoeeieei. Yoi i?aaeaea
anaai aaiiao?ey e a?eoiaoeea, aeaaiui ia?acii a oii eo niaea?aeaiee,
eioi?ia auei eceiaeaii a Aaeeeaeiauo “Ia/aeao”, oiaaea oaea oi?ioi ec-
aanoiuo e ia?aaioaiiuo iaeioi?uie iaoaiaoeeaie OVI a. a oeaeyo i?a-
iiaeaaaiey. Aianoa n iaoaiaoeeie a eieeaaee i?aiiaeaaaeenue e oaeea
i?eeeaaeiua iaoee, eae oi?oeoeeaoeey e iaaeaaoeey, iineieueeo iaeioi-
?ua aa auioneieee oee caoai ia aiaiioth neoaeao. Aanue yoio oeeee
i?eaeae iniaia aieiaiea thiiai Aeaea?oa, iaeaaeaaoaai aieueoeie iaoa-
iaoe/aneeie niiniaiinoyie.
Iiiaei iaycaiiue naiaio ia?aciaaieth a eieeaaee, Aeaea?o oai ia
iaiaa aue iaaeiaieai iauei oa?aeoa?ii caeaoiaai iao/aiey, ianiio?y
ia iiaaoeee eacoeoia inoaaaaoaainy a iniiaa naiae noieanoe/aneei.
Noa?aynue i?aiaeieaoue iaaeinoaoee iieo/aiiiai ia?aciaaiey, ii i?iaeie-
aeee o/aao. Oae, oaea anei?a iinea ieii/aiey eieeaaee, a 1615 – 1616
aa., Aeaea?o eco/ae i?aai e iaaeeoeeio a oieaa?neoaoa ai?iaea Ioaouea
e, naeaa yecaiaiu, iieo/ee noaiaiue aaeaeaa?a i?aaa. A aeaeueiaeoai,
ieacaaoenue a Aieeaiaeee, ii a 1629 a. caienaeny a oieaa?neoao ai
O?aiaea?a eae “nooaeaio-oeeinio”, a a 1630 a.- a Eaeaeaineee oieaa?-
neoao eae “nooaeaio-iaoaiaoee”. Ii oieaa?neoaoneia ia?aciaaiea ia
ea?aei cia/eoaeueiie ?iee a aeooiaiii ?acaeoee Aeaea?oa, eai e a oie-
aa?neoaoneii i?aiiaeaaaiee i?aiaeaaeaee
noieanoe/aneea eaeae, eiioeai-
oeee, oai?ee. Naia ioiioaiea e iei oeeinio au?acee a ni/eiaiee
“?annoaeaeaiea i iaoiaea”, a eioi?ii ii niiauaao /eoaoaeth iaeioi?ua
aaaeiaeoea oaeou naiae aeia?aoee. A eiioea I /anoe Aeaea?o ieoao, /oi
iiiaea noi?iiu eieaeiie iaoee ?aci/a?iaaee aai aua a eieeaaee.
A yiioo n?aaeiaaaeiauey iniiaiui enoi/ieeii ie?iaicc?ai/aneiai
ciaiey n/eoaeanue Aeaeey – Nayuaiiia ienaiea, eioi?ia ?anniao?eaa-
einue eae ioe?iaaiea oaeinoaaiiiai e aiai?e?iaeiiai aiaa. Oieeiaaiea
yoiai aeieoiaioa ninoaaeyei aeaaiia niaea?aeaiea ?aeeaeicii-oeeinion-
eie iunee a iiiaiaaeiaoth yiioo aeooiaii-eaeaieiae/aneiai ainiiaenoaa
oea?eae. Aianoa n oai io eoeueoo?u aioe/iinoe auee oianeaaeiaaiu oae
iacuaaaiua naiaiaeiua eneonnoaa, /anoue eioi?uo – aaiiao?ey, a?eoia-
oeea, ano?iiiiey, iocuea – a ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a iniuneeaaea i?e?iae-
iua oaiiiaiu. Iineieueeo eo niaea?aeaiea ii/a?iiooue a Aeaeee auei ia-
aiciiaeii, a n?aaeiaaaeiaie oaieiaece?iaaiiie oeeinioee aicieeea
eiioeaioeey “aeaoo eiea”, nicaeaiiuo aiaii. Iaeia ec ieo – eieaa a
nianoaaiiii niunea, eiaioaiay a?a/aneei neiaii ” Aeaeey”. Ae?oaay –
iaoaoi?e/aneay “eieaa i?e?iaeu “.
Yoa eiioeaioeey i?eia?aea iaeaieueoaa aeeyiea o oao ia?aaeiauo
oeeinioia yiioe Aic?iaeaeaiey, eioi?ua auee caeioa?aniaaiu aeaaiui
ia?acii a enneaaeiaaiee i?e?iaeu. Aeaea?o, aua ia nooiea ia iooue yoi-
ai enneaaeiaaiey, oaea n naiuo iieiaeuo eao no?aieeny e oaeie iaoea,
eioi?ay iinoeaaao enoeio, iia?oaeaynue a ” aaeeeoth eieao ie?a”.
Aianoa n oai ii ienae, /oi aoaeao /a?iaoue enoeio e a naiii naaa. E
yoi ia iaiaa aaaeii, /ai aai iaia?aiea ecaeaeaoue enoeio ec “eieae
i?e?iaeu”. Oai naiui Aeaea?o au?aaeaao iai?eyoea noieanoe/aneie o/a-
iinoe, ia?aiieiyaoae iiiaeanoai iionia, niaea?aeaiea eioi?uo i?eoiaee-
ei ai ana aieaa e?e/auaa ianiioaaonoaea n cai?inaie aeecie. Aianoa
n oai no?aieaiea Aeaea?oa eneaoue enoeio a nianoaaiiii niciaiee au-
?aaeaei eioaeeaeooaeueioth c?aeinoue /aeiaaea Iiaiai a?aiaie – ii nai-
ae nioeeaeueiie nooe oaea aeaaiui ia?acii ao?aeoaciiai /aeiaaea, iiea-
aaaoaai, /oi, oioy aeooiaiay aeeciue iauanoaa iaaiciiaeia aac Nayuai-
iiai ienaiey, enoeia a aeaea iiciaiey i?e?iaeu, eae e naiiai /aeiaa-
ea, iiaeao auoue iaeaeaia eeoue ia iooyo eo enneaaeiaaiey e naiinoiy-
oaeueiuo ?aciuoeaiee. E neacaiiiio neaaeoao aeiaaaeoue, /oi iiciaiea
“eieae ie?a”, n iaeiie noi?iiu, e ia?aoaiea enoeiu a nianoaaiiii
niciaiee – n ae?oaie, auee oaniaeoei ia?acii naycaiu ae?oa n ae?oaii.
“Aaeeeoth eieao ie?a” iieiaeie Aeaea?o eco/ae, iaaethaeay
aeeciue
ae?oaeo caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo no?ai. A 1618 a. ii i?eaue a Ieaea?eaiaeu.
Yoa no?aia, iacaaeieai ia?aae oai caaiaaaaoay iieeoe/aneoth iacaaene-
iinoue io oaiaeaeueiiaaniethoenoneie e eaoiee/aneie Eniaiee (oioy ai-
aiiua aeaenoaey aua i?iaeieaeaeenue), ia ianeieueei aeanyoeeaoee – iiea
Aiaeey ia niaa?oeea naith ao?aeoacioth ?aaiethoeeth – noaea yeiiiie/anee
naiie ia?aaeiaie no?aiie ie?a. A yoie a nouiinoe enoi?e/anee ia?aie
ao?aeoaciie ?anioaeeea i?ioeaaoaea aioo?aiiyy e iaaeaeoia?iaeiay oi?-
aiaey, ?acaeaaeinue iaiooaeoo?iia i?iecaiaenoai, ai?iaeneia ianaeaiea
i?aauoaei naeueneia. Ia?yaeo n eioaineaiinoueth yeiiiie/aneie aeecie
Ieaea?eaiaeu ioee/aeenue naiie naiaiaeiie e iiiainoi?iiiae a oiaaeaoiae
Aa?iia aeooiaiie aeeciueth. Caeanue aioea?eeanue iaeaieueoay a oao
oneiaeyo
?aeeaeiciay aa?ioa?ieiinoue (ana aea i?e ainiiaenoaa i?ioanoaio-
nei-eaeueaeienoneiai aa?ieniiaaaeaiey), aoiinoa?a eioi?ie aanueia
aeaaii?eyonoaiaaea e ?acaeoeth iao/iuo ciaiee. Caeanue, a /anoiinoe,
ecaeaaaeenue i?iecaaaeaiey, aianaiiua a eaoiee/aneeo no?aiao a iain-
eee “Eiaeaen cai?auaiiuo eiea” (iai?eia?, o?oaeu Eiia?ieea e Aaeeeay
n?aco iinea eo cai?auaiey) . Niaa?oaiii caeiiiia?ii, /oi a Ieaea?-
eaiaeao iaoiaeeei oaaaeeua iiiaeanoai iaaieueiuo e aieueiuo ecaiaiieeia
ec ae?oaeo no?ai Aa?iiu. Iaiaei auei caeanue e o?aioeocia. Aeaea?o a
ea/anoaa aeia?iaieueoea iinooiee a i?ioanoaioneea aienea. O?aioeocneee
aeai?yiei, iaeiaei, ioithaeue ia niae?aeny noaoue i?ioanneiiaeueiui
aiai-
iui (eae yoi aeaeaee iiiaea aai niioa/anoaaiieee a oao aea Ieaea?eai-
aeao, ninoiyaoeo oiaaea a oaeoe/aneii nithca n O?aioeeae). Iinooieaiea
a aiaiiia o/eeeua a A?aaea – iaeii ec aeaenoaee iieiaeiai Aeaea?oa ii
eco/aieth “aaeeeie eieae ie?a”.
A oii aea 1618 a. ii iiciaeiieeny n Enaaeii Aaeiaiii, aeieoi?ii
iaaeeoeeiu, aanueia inaaaeiieaiiui a iaoaiaoeea, ia /oaeaeui e
ae?oaeo
anoanoaaiiiiao/iuo ciaiee. Iiaiaeii e eo ciaeiinoao iineoaeeea iaeia
o?oaeiay iaoaiaoe/aneay caaea/a, oneiaey eioi?ie Aaeiai niiauee Aea-
ea?oo, aeanoyua ?aoeaoaio aa. Ciaeiinoai iieiaeiai o?aioeoca, oieueei
anoaaoaai oiaaea ia ii?ia naiae iao/iie aeayoaeueiinoe, ni noa?oei
(ia ainaiue eao) e oaea neiaeeaoeiny aieeaiaeneei o/aiui ia?a?inei a
aanueia ieiaeioai?ioth aeey iaieo iao/ioth ae?oaeao. Oaea a eiioea 1618
a.
Aeaea?o iaienae naia ia?aia i?iecaaaeaiea – “O?aeoao i iocuea”, ei-
oi?ue ii iinayoee Aaeiaio. A 1619 – 1621 aa. a oii aea ea/anoaa
aieueiiiaaiiiai ioeoea?a Aeaea?o iaoiaeeeny a ?aciuo ianoao Aa?iaiee,
Aano?ee, Aiaaiee, Aaia?ee. A 1622 – 1628 aa. ii aeee ai O?aioeee, a
iniiaiii a Ia?eaea (a 1623 – 1624 aa. niaa?oee aeeeoaeueiia iooaoano-
aea a Eoaeeth, eoaea aoae /a?ac Oaaeoea?eth, iiauaae a ?eia). Yoe aiaeu
noaee a?aiaiai aeaeueiaeoaai nic?aaaiey aai iao/iiai e oeeinioneiai
oaeaioa.
Oiio ai iiiaii niinianoaiaaee nayce Aeaea?oa n o?aioeocneeie
o/aiuie e oeeinioaie. Iniai aaaeioth ?ieue nua?aea caaycaaoayny a
eiioea 20-o aiaeia ae?oaeaa n Ia?aiii Ia?naiiii (1588 – 1648) – aanueia
iieacaoaeueiui iuneeoaeai e aeayoaeai yiioe. Ieii/ea oo aea eieeaaeth
Ea Oeao (ia aeaa aiaea ?aiueoa Aeaea?oa), Ia?naii a aeaeueiaeoai noae
iiiaoii o?aioeeneaineiai i?aeaia e i?iaae aieaa aeaaaeoeaoe eao a iaeiii
ec ia?eaeneeo iiianou?ae. A oi aea a?aiy ii aue i?aiiaeaaaoaeai oeei-
nioee e oaieiaee e iaienae iiiai o?oaeia ia oieueei ii yoei i?aaeia-
oai, ii e ii iaoaiaoeea, iaoaieea, oeceea, iocuea. Ia?naii noae
i?aaiecothuei oeaio?ii aeey o?aioeocneeo (e iaeioi?uo eiino?aiiuo)
o/aiuo, n eioi?uie ii iaoiaeeeny a aeeeoaeueiie ia?aienea (eee aue
iin?aaeieeii a eo ia?aienea). Iineieueeo oiaaea aua ia auei iao/iuo
aeo?iaeia, oaeay ia?aienea noaea iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai ?acaeoey iao-
ee. A aeaeueiaeoai, ai a?aiy iiiaieaoiaai i?aauaaiey Aeaea?oa a Ie-
aea?eaiaeao, Ia?naii aue iniiaiui aai ei??aniiiaeaioii a Ia?eaea. E?o-
aeie o/aiuo, ia?aciaaaoeeny aie?oa iaai, aiineaaenoaee (oaea iinea
nia?oe aai e Aeaea?oa) i?aa?aoeeny ai O?aioeocneoth aeaaeaieth iaoe.
Iaeeo/oea oneiaey aeey aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey e eeoa?aoo?iiai
ioi?ieaiey naieo iao/iuo e oeeinioneeo iuneae Aeaea?o aeaeae a Ie-
aea?eaiaeao, eoaea ii e ia?anaeeeny inaiueth 1628 a. N?aaenoaa iicaieyee
aio nieiaoue eaa?oe?u e aeiia a ?acee/iuo ai?iaeao e naeueneeo iano-
iinoyo yoie no?aiu. Ii iiiaie?aoii iaiye ianoa naiaai i?aauaaiey,
neaaeoy aeaaeco “Oi?ioi i?iaeee oio, eoi oi?ioi ooaeeny” (ii/a?iiooi
o Iaeaeey). Eeoaiiue nianoaaiiiai naiaenoaa, Aeaea?o n aieiaie ooae
a iao/ioth ?aaioo. ?aaeinoue aeecie noaea aeey iaai i?aaeaea anaai
?a-
aeinoueth iunee a iieneao enoeiu. A iaeiii ec iineaaeieo naieo ienai
(31 ia?oa 1649 a.) oeeinio, caiaoea, /oi caei?iauea oaea – aaee/ae-
oaa ec /aeiaa/aneeo aeaa, i eioi?ii caauaatho, eiaaea iii anoue, ie-
nae, /oi “iiciaiea enoeiu – yoi eae au caei?iauea aeooe: eiaaea ath ia-
eaaeaaatho, i iae aieueoa ia aeoiatho”. A Ieaea?eaiaeao Aeaea?o
i?iaue
aieaa aeaaaeoeaoe eao (ca yoi a?aiy ii o?eaeaeu iaaaaeuaaeny ia
?iaeeio,
aaea iaoiaeeeny a iauae neiaeiinoe iaiaa aiaea), A Ieaea?eaiaeao auee
nicaeaiu e iioaeeeiaaiu ana iniiaiua aai i?iecaaaeaiey. Iaciaai
aeaaiua ec ieo.
Yoi i?aaeaea anaai “I?aaeea aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oia”, iaienaiiua a
1627 – 1629 aa. (?aaioa ia ieii/aia e i?e aeecie Aeaea?oa iioaeeei-
aaia ia auea). Eae aeaeii ec naiiai iacaaiey, yoi iaoiaeieiae/anee
caino?aiiia i?iecaaaeaiea. N?aco aea iinea naiaai ia?aacaea a Ieaea?-
eaiaeu Aeaea?o ia/ae ?aaioaoue e iaae aieueoei eiie?aoii-iao/iui (e
aianoa n oai, eiia/ii, oeeinioneei) i?iecaaaeaieai , eioi?ia ii ni-
ae?aeny iacaaoue “Ie?”. Ia iniiaa neiaeeaoeony o iaai i?eioeeiia ia-
oaieee ii caaeoiae ia?eniaaoue caeanue ea?oeio anaai ie?icaeaiey. Eaoii
1633 a., eiaaea ?aaioa auea ii/oe caeii/aia, Aeaea?o ociae i oii,
/oi iaineay eieaeceoeey a ?eia inoaeeea iioaeeeiaaiiue a 1632 a. ca-
ia/aoaeueiue o?oae Aaeeeay “Aeeaeia i aeaoo aeaaiaeoeo nenoaiao ie?a –
Ioieaiaaaie e Eiia?ieeiaie”, a naiiai aaoi?a iaeacaea. Yoi inoaeaea-
iea i?iecaaei ia Aeaea?oa oyaeaeia aia/aoeaiea, eai aai “Ie?” aue
iaienai ia iniiaa oao aea i?eioeeiia, /oi e i?iecaaaeaiea Aaeeeay.
Oioy ia Ieaea?eaiaeu eae ia no?aio a iniiaiii i?ioanoaioneoth oa?icu
?eineie eo?ee e eieaeceoeee ia ?ani?ino?aiyeenue, Aeaea?o, inoaaaa-
oeeny eaoieeeii, ioeacaeny io ioaeeeaoeee ii/oe aioiaiai o?oaea.
Caeanue i?iyaeeenue i?enouea Ea?oaceth (aai eaoeiece?iaaiiay oaieeey)
inoi?iaeiinoue e naea?aeaiiinoue. Yoe ea/anoaa oeeinioa niioaaonoaiaaee
aeooiaiiio eeeiaoo oie enoi?e/aneie yiioe, eiaaea naiie iiuiie eaeai-
eiae/aneie neeie inoaaaeanue ?aeeaey. I?aaaea, Aeaea?o iia au iioaee-
eiaaoue naie o?oae, ono?aiea ?yae i?eioeeieaeueiuo iieiaeaiee,
naeeaeaa-
oeo aai n o?oaeii Aaeeeay, ii oaeiai ?iaea iia?aoeey eneaceea au i?i-
ecaaaeaiea, e ii i?aaeii/ae aai ia ioaeeeiaaoue.
Ii?aaeaoenue io iio?ynaiey, Aeaea?o i?iaeieaeae ?ac?aaioeo naiae
iaoiaeieiaee, oeceee, oeeinioee. Eoiaii iai?yaeaiiie ?aaiou noaei
“?annoaeaeaiea i iaoiaea”, iaienaiiia ii-o?aioeocnee e iioaeeeiaaiiia
a 1637 a. Yoi i?iecaaaeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?ia?aiiiue aeieo-
iaio, a eioi?ii aaoi? noi?ioee?iaae ana iniiaiua aii?inu naiae oe-
einioee, eae e iai?aaeaiea naieo anoanoaaiiiiao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee.
Caeeth/ay a naaa aaoiaeia?aoe/aneea iiiaiou, iii oi?ioee?iaaei e
i?aaeea ii?aee, eioi?uo Aeaea?o oaa?aei ?aoee i?eaea?aeeaaoueny a naiae
aeecie. Iacaaieth e aeaaiie iai?aaeaiiinoe yoiai i?iecaaaeaiey niio-
aaonoaiaaee o?e i?eeiaeaiey. A ieo ?anniao?eaaeenue oai?aoe/aneea
aii?inu iioeee (“Aeeiio?eea), iaoai?ieiae/aneea yaeaiey (“Iaoai-
?u”), i?iaeaiu iaoaiaoeee ( ” Aaiiao?ey” ) . I?eeiaeaiey aeaiiino?e-
?iaaee yooaeoeaiinoue i?eioeeiia iaoiaeieiaee, noi?ioee?iaaiiuo ai II
/anoe “?annoaeaeaiey”, eiie?aoece?iaaee aai V /anoue – ii?yaeie ennea-
aeiaaiey oece/aneeo aii?inia.
A IV /anoe “?annoaeaeaiey i iaoiaea” Aeaea?o eceiaeee iniiau naiae
iaoaoeceee (?acoiaaony, a aa o?aaeeoeeiiiii, a?enoioaeaaneii niunea
– eae o/aiey i iaeaieaa iaueo i?eioeeiao auoey e ciaiey). Oaeoaeai-
ioth eo o?aeoiaeo ii aeaao a niaoeeaeueiii ni/eiaiee – “?aciuoeaiea i
ia?aie oeeinioee” (eae eiaiiaae iaoaoeceeo nai A?enoioaeue), iaie-
naiiii ia eaoeineii ycuea e ecaeaiiii a Ia?eaea a 1641 a. Aoi?ia ec-
aeaiea yoie ?aaiou auoei a Ainoa?aeaia a 1642 a., a o?aioeocneee ia-
?aaiae, iioaeeeiaaiiue a Ia?eaea a 1647 a., iacuaaeny “Iaoaoece/an-
eea ?aciuoeaiey”. A yoii ecaeaiee e iniiaiiio oaenoo auee i?eeiaeaiu
naiue “Aic?aaeaiee” ia iaai (eo nia?ae aeaaiui ia?acii Ia?naii, ?a-
cineaaoee ?oeiienue, i?eneaiioth aio aaoi?ii, ?acee/iui oeeinioai) e
“Ioaaou” Aeaea?oa ia “Aic?aaeaiey”. I?aaeoniio?eoaeueiue aaoi?, oaeei
ia?acii, inoaaeye iineaaeiaa neiai a oeeinioneii nii?a ca niaie.
A oa aiaeu aai oeeinioey i?iieeea a iaeioi?ua ieaea?eaiaeneea
oieaa?neoaou, iniaaiii a Oo?aooneee. N?aaee i?ioanni?ia iiyaeeenue
oaaaeaeaiiua e yia?ae/iua iineaaeiaaoaee Aeaea?oa. Naiuie aeoeaiuie e
oaeaioeeauie i?iiaaaiaeenoaie ea?oaceainoaa (iineaaeothuaa iaeiaiiaa-
iea anae niaieoiiinoe acaeyaeia oeeinioa) auee i?ioanni?a Oo?aoo-
neiai oieaa?neoaoa Oaiae?ee ?aia?e e Oaiae?ee Aea?oa , i?eoaaeoea e
oeeinioee io iaaeeoeeiu.
?ino iiioey?iinoe e aeeyiey ea?oaceainoaa a ieaea?eaiaeneeo
oieaa?neoaoao aanueia ano?aaiaeee ianoiuo oea?eiaieeia. Oioy yoi auee
ia eaoiee/aneea, a i?ioanoaioneea oea?eiaieee, ii e iie ie?iaicc-
?ai/anee ai iiiaii ia?ano?ieeenue ia o?aaeeoeeiiioth a?enoioaeaan-
ei-noieanoe/aneoth oeeinioeth, ?ooeaoothny iiae oaea?aie ea?oaceainoaa.
I?ioanni? oaieiaee oiai aea Oo?aooneiai oieaa?neoaoa Aenaa?o Aiy-
oeee, eioi?ue aue oaeaea eaeueaeienoneei nayuaiieeii e iiioey?iui
i?iiiaaaeieeii, nia/aea iaaeiee a aoaecia Aea?oa, a caoai ia/ae
ceiaioth – e einaaiioth e i?yioth – o?aaeth naiiai Aeaea?oa (ai?ueaa eo
noi?iiieeia e i?ioeaieeia ?ani?ino?aieeanue e ia Eaeaeaineee oieaa?-
neoao, aaea aeaeiaeoei ea?oaceaioeai noae i?ioanni? Aae?eai Oaa?ai?ae).
I?e anae naiae inoi?iaeiinoe Aeaea?o ia n/ae aiciiaeiui oeeiieoueny io
ai?ueau e aue auioaeaeai i?eiyoue aucia. A aieueoii iaioeaoa, iaienai-
iii a 1645 a., ii, iaia?oaeea oaeaio iiao/aai iieaienoa, auyaee en-
oeiiia eeoei Aiyoeey eae ceinoiiai eeaaaoieea e iaaaaeaeu a oeeinioee.
Ii, ii nouanoao iaea?aeaa eae iao/ioth, oae e ii?aeueioth iiaaaeo,
Aea-
ea?o aue aanneeai a /oaeie no?aia, aaea eaeueaeieci aue ioeoeeaeueiui
?aeeaeiciui aa?ieniiaaaeaieai, i?ecaaoue ?oeiaiaenoai Oo?aooneiai
oieaa?neoaoa e ?aoeoaeueiiio inoaeaeaieth Aiyoeey. A aeaeueiaeoai
i?ioea
Aeaea?oa aunooiaee e ae?oaea i?ioanoaioneea oea?eiaieee, aio i?eoeinue
iieaiece?iaaoue e n iaeioi?uie eaoiee/aneeie aaoi?aie ec /enea ea-
coeoia.
A aiaeu yoie ai?ueau Aeaea?o ecaeae a Ainoa?aeaia “Ia?aiia/aea oe-
einioee” (a 1644 a.- ia eaoeineii ycuea, a 1647 a.- ai o?aioeocneii
ia?aaiaea) – nenoaiaoe/aneia eceiaeaiea naiae oeeinioneie aeieo?eiu,
aeeth/aaoae ia?yaeo n iaoiaeieiaeae e iaoaoeceeie ana ?acaeaeu oeceee
– o/aiea i oaeao, i ie?a e i Caiea. A 1645 – 1648 aa. e?iia aeoea-
iie ia?aienee, a eioi?ie ooi/iyeenue e ?acaeaaeenue, iiiaea oeei-
nioneea ( eae e eiie?aoii-iao/iua) eaeae, Aeaea?o ?aaioae iaae “ni-
/eiaieai “Iienaiea /aeiaa/aneiai oaea. Ia ia?aciaaiee aeeaioiiai”
(i?e aeecie aaoi?a iii ia auei iioaeeeiaaii). A yoii i?iecaaaeaiee
Aeaea?o naeaeae iiiuoeo i?eiaieoue i?eioeeiu naiae oeceee e iauyniaieth
aeeaioiiai e /aeiaa/aneiai i?aaieciia. Aio?iiieiae/aneay i?iaeaia-
oeea, a oieona eioi?ie auei enneaaeiaaiea oaeaniuo ea/anoa e aeooia-
iuo naienoa /aeiaae, ninoaaeea niaea?aeaiea o?aeoaoa “No?anoe aeooe”,
auoaaeoaai a naao a Ieaea?eaiaeao a eiioea 1649 a.
A yoi a?aiy Aeaea?o iaoiaeeeny oaea a noieeoea Oaaoeee Noieaieueia,
eoaea ii auaoae ii ianoiyoaeueiiio i?eaeaoaieth ei?ieaau O?enoeiu,
eioi?ay n aai iiiiuueth iaia?aaaeanue o/?aaeeoue a Oaaoeee Aeaaeaieth
iaoe
(e aeaaea naia iuoaeanue iaeaaeaoue i?eioeeiaie ea?oaceainoaa). Ii i?a-
auaaiea Aeaea?oa a Noieaieueia i?iaeieaeaeinue eeoue ianeieueei
ianyoeaa.
I?inooaeeaoenue, ii oia? 11 oaa?aey 1650 a.
I?aaeaea /ai ia?aoiaeeoue e nenoaiaoe/aneiio iaci?o oeeinioneiai
o/aiey Ea?oacey, iaiaoiaeeii neacaoue aua ianeieueei neia i aai nioee-
aeueii-iieeoe/aneii niaea?aeaiee.
Caeanue i?eoiaeeony eiinoaoe?iaaoue aeiaieueii cia/eoaeueioth
iieeoe-
/aneoth eiaeeooa?aioiinoue o?aioeocneiai oeeinioa. A ” ?annoaeaeaiee i
iaoiaea ” ii au?acee naith iai?eyciue e oai caiin/eaui, ii aai iia-
ieth, ethaeyi, eioi?ua aeaeyo niune naiae aeecie a ?acee/iuo iauanoaai-
iuo i?aia?aciaaieyo, e oai aieaa a ieni?iaa?aeaiee nouanoaothuaai
ainoaea?noaaiiiai ono?ienoaa. Ii oaaaeaeaieth Aeaea?oa, iiiai aeaaio-
ai?iaa aeey iauanoaa i?eniinaaeeaaoueny e aai ianiaa?oainoaai, e oai
eee eiui iaaeinoaoeai ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaieciia, eai ?ac?ooaiea eo
oa?iaeaao ethaeyi ia?iiiuie aaaenoaeyie. Niaea?aeaiea i?iecaaaeaiee
Aea-
ea?oa e any aai aeayoaeueiinoue eiaee ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea aeey ao-
aeouaai oi?ie?iaaiey ai O?aioeee oneiaee aeey ao?aeoaciie ?aaiethoeee.
Oa?aeoa?ii caeanue oaea oi, /oi, inoaeaeay ethaia iinyaaoaeuenoai ia
no-
uanoaothuea nioeeaeueiua ii?yaeee, eae e ia ?aeeaeicii-eaeaieiae/aneea
nenoaiu, eo inaauaaoea, Aeaea?o ia oieueei ia ioeacuaaeny i?eciaoue
naia iiaaoi?noai a noa?a iaoee, ii aeaaea iiae/a?eeaae aai. A o?oaeiuo
aii?inao iaoee, ienae ii a “?annoaeaeaiee i iaoiaea”, “aieueoeinoai
aieinia ia yaeyaony aeieacaoaeuenoaii” e ” ai?acaei aa?iyoiaa, /oiau
enoeio iaoae iaeei /aeiaae, /ai oeaeue ia?iae ” [1],no?.259. Aianoa n
oai oeeinio ynii niciaaae nioeeaeueioth i?e?iaeo iaoee, aa aeeciaiioth
iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeey iauanoaa. Ionthaea iaiaeiie?aoii auneacuaaaiay ei
iuneue ia iaycaiiinoe i?aaeoaeae oeiaine?iaaoue neiaeiua yenia?eiai-
ou, aac eioi?uo iaaiciiaeii i?iaeaeaeaiea a iao/iuo ioe?uoeyo (o?ai-
oeocneia i?aaeoaeuenoai a i?eciaiea caneoa Aeaea?oa iacia/eei aio
iaineth, oioy o/aiue oae aa e ia iieo/ee).
Aeaea?o i?iaeieaeee oo i?eioeeieaeueioth eeieth, eioi?ay
au?aaeaea
aaeaa ee ia aeaaiia niaea?aeaiea nioeeaeueii – oeeinioneie iunee aoia-
ienoia i?aaeoanoaothueo aaeia. Eo iiiiceoeey noieanoe/aneie oeeinioee
e oaiaeaeueii-oaieiae/aneiio ie?iaicc?aieth a ea/anoaa aaaeiaeoaai
naiaai eiiiiiaioa aeeth/aea iieiaeaiea i i?e?iaeiii ?aaainoaa anao
ethaeae, ia iaeeiaeiainoe /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaeu. Yoi iaaeenoi?e/aneia
iiiyoea i?e anae aai aano?aeoiinoe noaei aeey iiiaeanoaa aoiaienoia
e eo iineaaeiaaoaeae oai?aoe/aneei noa?aeiai e?eoeee ea?a?oecia oai-
aeaeueiiai iauanoaa. Aeaea?o ia oi?ioee?iaae ieeaeeo nioeeaeueii-oeei-
nioneeo eiioeaioeee. Ii, nai aeai?yiei, ii ioee/ii aeaeae, /oi i?ia-
?ann eoeueoo?u iaaiciiaeai, anee ciaieyie aoaeoo iaeaaeaoue oieueei ain-
iiaenoaothuea eeannu. Eiia/ii, a aai i?aaenoaaeaiee yoi auee aeaaiui
ia?acii – anee ia eneeth/eoaeueii – anoanoaaiiiiao/iua ciaiey, eai
eiaiii n ieie ii naycuaae ia oieueei i?ia?ann /aeiaa/aneiai iauano-
aa, ii e aeaei niaa?oainoaiaaiey naiie /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaeu.
Iiaeoaa?aeaeaieai neacaiiiai neoaeeo oaea oio oaeo, /oi iaeioi?ua
naie i?iecaaaeaiey ii ienae ii-o?aioeocnee, aae?anoy eo oe?ieie aoaee-
oi?ee, noiyaoae ca i?aaeaeaie oeaoiaie o/aiinoe, iineoaee eioi?ie
iauaeenue iaaeaeo niaie ii/oe eneeth/eoaeueii ia eaoeineii ycuea. A
“?annoaeaeaiee i iaoiaea ” Aeaea?o ienae, /oi ycue nai ii naaa ia nae-
aeaoaeuenoaoao i neea iuneae e /aeiaae, au?aaeathueeny ia ieaeiaa?a-
oiineii ia?a/ee, iiaeao oi?ioee?iaaoue eo aieaa oi/ii e oiiei ii
n?aaiaieth n oai, eoi i?ae?anii ciaao o?aioeocneee ycue e aeaaeaao
anaie i?aaeeaie ?eoi?eee. Eae a yoii, oae e a ae?oaeo naieo i?iec-
aaaeaieyo oeeinio i?aaiciineo cae?aaue niune (“anoanoaaiiue naao”
/aeiaa/aneiai oia), i?aaenoaaeaiiue a ia?iaea aeaaea /aua, /ai n?aaee
oeaoiauo o/aiuo, eae aa?aio yooaeoeaiinoe ioe?uaaaiuo enoei. Yoa
nioeeaeueiay iiceoeey Aeaea?oa, iaoaaeoay iniuneaiea a aai aiinaieiaee,
a nianoaaiiie aai iao/iie aeayoaeueiinoe au?aaeaeanue e a aunieie
ioeaiea oaoie/aneiai ianoa?noaa oao niaoeeaeenoia, aac cieiouo ?oe
eioi?uo ii ia aeaeae aiciiaeiinoe inouanoaeyoue naie yenia?eiaiou
(iai?eia?, aac ianoa?ia i?eeeaaeiie iioeee Aeeeaa?anuea e Oa??uea) .
Aeaea?o aeaiiino?e?iaae e aeaiie?aoeci iiaeeeiiiai o/aiiai ii ioiioa-
ieth e “i?inoui ethaeyi”. Iai?eia?, iaia?oaeea o iaeiiai ec naieo neoa,
AEeeeuei, iacao?yaeiue iaoaiaoe/aneee oaeaio, ii iaoae a?aiy aeey ca-
iyoee n iei, e AEeeeuei aiineaaenoaee noae aeaeiui eiaeaia?ii a Eaeaea-
ia. Ieaea?eaiaeneee ii?ye Aee?e ?aia?ai/ (a aoaeouai aeaeiue ano?iiii e
iaaeaaoi?), ociaa i Aeaea?oa e aeiaeaoenue ano?a/e n iei, oiaea ii?a-
cee oeeinioa naieie iaoaiaoe/aneeie niiniaiinoyie. Oio ia/ae caie-
iaoueny n iei e naeaeae aai o/anoieeii naieo yenia?eiaioia.
Oeeinioneia ?acaeoea Aeaea?oa ia/aeinue, eiaaea thiue o/aiee eie-
eaaee Ea Oeao aeioae aei aa iineaaeieo, “oeeinioneeo” eeannia. I?ia-
?aiia iao/aiey a Ea Oeao i?aaeiieaaaea aaeaiaaeaeueiua aeeneonnee –
iau/ii ia oaiu oeeinioee e oaieiaee, eco/aaoeany a oa/aiea aeaiiie
iaaeaee (a eiioea ianyoea ono?aeaaeenue aua aieaa neiaeiua aeenioou, a
eioi?uo iiaee i?eieiaoue o/anoea e i?aiiaeaaaoaee). Oi?ioee?iaaiea
oacenia e iiaeai? a?aoiaioia aeey eo iainiiaaiey (caueoieeii) eee
ii?iaa?aeaiey ( aai iiiiiaioii) ?acaeaaee eiae/aneea niiniaiinoe
o/aueony, i?eaeaaee ei eneonnoai a?aoiaioaoeee. Eae niiauaao ia?aue
aeia?ao Aeaea?oa A. Aaea, thiue ?aia i?iyaeye a yoeo aeeniooao auaeath-
uaany eneonnoai a oi/iinoe ii?aaeaeaiee e a oiaiee iaiauaoue naith
a?aoiaioaoeeth.
Eae aiai?eeinue auoa, iieiaeeoaeueiua iiiaiou a i?aaiecaoeee iao-
/aiey a eieeaaee Ea Oeao ni/aoaeenue ni noieanoe/iinoueth iniiaiiai
niaea?aeaiey i?aiiaeaaaaiuo aeenoeeieei, e a iniaaiiinoe
aeenoeeieei
noa?oeo, (“oeeinioneeo” eeannia. Eiia/ii, noieanoeea, aoaeo/e a
i?eioeeia oaieiaece?iaaiiie oeeinioeae, aeeth/aea a naay yeaiaiou
eiie?aoiuo iao/iuo ciaiee (“naiaiaeiua eneonnoaa”) . A yiioo n?aae-
iaaaeiauey iia auea enoi?e/anee iaiaoiaeeiie oi?iie onaiaiey e
o?aineyoeee aioe/iie iunee. Ii oaea a yiioo Aic?iaeaeaiey a Eoaeee, a
caoai e a ae?oaeo aa?iiaeneeo no?aiao noaiiaeeanue ana aieaa iuooe-
iie iai?eaieaiinoue noieanoe/aneie o/aiinoe. Aoiaienou, ia oaeiaeao-
ai?aiiua oi?iaeeciii e canoieiinoueth noieanoeee, noaee aeeaaeuaaoue a
iaa iaeeiciue niune (nio?aieaoeeny e a iaoe aeie), iiieiay aa eae
oi?iaeueii i?aaeeueiia (ia?aaeei e aanueia e?anii?a/eaia) ?annoaeaeaiea,
niaea?aeaoaeueiinoue eioi?iai ia?aoii i?iii?oeeiiaeueia aai aiaoiaio
aeaneo. Aoiaienoe/aneay o/aiinoue, i?ioeaiiinoaaeyaiay noieanoe/an-
eie, auea cia/eoaeueii aiaa/a e iiiainoi?iiiaa. Aoiaienoe/aneay oe-
einioey, iinoaaea yiioaeueioth i?iaeaio o/?aaeaeaiey oea?noaa /aeiaaea
a ?aaeueiie, caiiie aeecie, naycuaaea aa ?aoaiea n aieaa aeoaieei
iiieiaieai naiiai /aeiaaea. Iiiaea aoiaienou noi?ioee?iaaee e ii-
aia iiieiaiea i?e?iaeu. I?e?iaeiaaae/aneea eioa?anu aoiaienoia naia
iaeaieaa iaiauaiiia au?aaeaiea iaoee a ?yaea iaoo?oeeinioneeo iino-
?iaiee, noaaoeo iaeaieaa aeeyoaeueiuie a XVI a . Iaiiiiei caeanue oa-
eea eiaia , eae Ia?aoeaeuen, A. Oaeacei, O. Iao?eoee, Aeae. A?oii, O.
Eaiiaiaeea. A ioee/ea io noieanoe/aneie oeceee, iniiauaaaoaeny ia
iaoaoece/aneeo e i?e?iaeiaaae/aneeo eaoaai?eyo e i?aaenoaaeaieyo
A?enoioaey, eiioeaioeee ?aiannainiuo iaoo?oeeinioia auee i?eaioe?i-
aaiu ia eaeae ae?oaeo aioe/iuo oeeinioia, /anoe/ii eee iieiinouth ca-
auouo a yiioo n?aaeiaaaeiauey,- ieaoiie/aneea, ieoaai?aeneea, noie-
/aneea, aoiienoe/aneea, iaeioi?ua eaeae aeinie?aoianeeo oeeinioia
(“?annoaeaeaaoeo i i?e?iaea”) . A eaeaeiue eiioaeno aioe/iie oeceee
iaeioi?ua ?aiannainiua iaoo?oeeiniou ia?aaeei aienuaaee e aeinoeaea-
iey nia?aiaiiiai ei anoanoaiciaiey (i?eia?ii iiaoo neoaeeoue iaaee-
oeeineea i?ic?aiey Ia?aoeaeuena eee aaeeioeaio?e/aneay nenoaia Eiia?-
ieea a einiieiae/aneii o/aiee A?oii). Aaaeiaeoay iniaaiiinoue ?aian-
nainiie iaoo?oeeinioee ninoiyea a iae?aaoeeiienoneii iiieiaiee i?e-
?iaeu, eneeth/aaoai o?enoeainei-iiiioaenoe/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey i
oai?aiee i?e?iaeu aiai?e?iaeiui aiaii e i aiciiaeiinoe aai aiaoaoaeue-
noaa a i?e?iaeiua i?ioeannu. A naieo enoieeiaaieyo i?e?iaeu iaoo?oe-
einiou ?aiannaina oiaea i?eaaaaee e eaeaa aiaa, ii yoi auei ae?aaiae-
oaa i?aaenoaaeaiea i aacee/iii aeiii?oiii ia/aea, aeaenoaiaaaoai ec
aeoaei i?e?iaeu, ii ioiioaieth e eioi?ie iii aunooiaei e eae iaeee
anaeaineee i?eioeei aaeeinoaa. Oaeia iiieiaiea aiaa a aa?iiaeneie
oeeinioee aiineaaenoaee noaei iaicia/aoueny eae iaioaenoe/aneia. No-
uanoaaiiie /a?oie ?aiannainiie iaoo?oeeinioee auei ooaa?aeaeaiea
acaeiiaeaenoaey e aeaaea oiaeaeanoaa iee?i- e iae?ieinia, /aeiaa/aneiai
(e aiiaua aeeaioiiai) e i?e?iaeiiai i?aaieciia. Yoio i?eioeei oaeaea
ainoiaeee e aeoaieie ae?aaiinoe. Ii au?aaeae aeiii?oiua aiaeiaee, in-
iuneeaaiea i?e?iaeu eae aeeaie, i?aaie/aneie oeaeinoiinoe, a aeoaeiao
eioi?ie iaoiaeeony aacee/iue aeayoaeueiue aia. Aeeicienoe/aneia en-
oieeiaaiea i?e?iaeu eae anaaaea aeeaie e aeaaea iuouathuae – iaeia ec
in-
iia ?aiannainiie iaoo?oeeinioee.
Ie?iaicc?ai/aneay oeaiiinoue iaoo?oeeinioneeo o/aiee ?aiannaina
ii?aaeaeyeanue aeaaiui ia?acii ainnoaiiaeaieai oiai aeeaeaeoe/aneiai
iiieiaiey i?e?iaeu eae oeaeinoiie e naiinouae, eioi?ia ainiiaenoaiaa-
ei a aioe/iinoe e oaia?ue i?ioeainoiyei e?aaoeeiienoneei aeiaiaoai
noieanoe/aneie oeeinioee.
Oioy iaeioi?ua ec yoeo o/aiee aeeth/aee a naay yeaiaiou iiuo-
iuo ciaiee, iaeiieaoeony ca noieaoey n?aaeiaaaeiauey, a oaeaea iiei-
aeaiey iao/iie iunee, iiyaeaoeany a yiioo Aic?iaeaeaiey, cia/eoaeueii
aieueooth aeieth eo niaea?aeaiey ninoaaeyee onoie/eaua oaioanoe/aneea
i?aaenoaaeaiey, nouanoaiaaaoea e oiio a?aiaie aaea e aeaaea ouny/aea-
oey. Oaeiau i?aaenoaaeaiey aeoeiee e niioaaonoaothuay ei i?aeoeea ii
“i?iecaiaenoao” cieioa, aeiau/a “oeeinioneiai eaiiy” e o. i. Aanueia
cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a iaoo?oeeinioneeo o/aieyo ?aiannaina ea?aee e
ano?ieiae/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey, eioi?ua iiyoue-oaee ni a?aiai aeoai-
eie ae?aaiinoe auee oanii ia?aieaoaiu n ano?iiiie/aneeie ciaieyie.
A ano?ieiaee eiaeinue naia (“?aoeeiiaeueiia ca?ii”, caeeth/aaoaany a
eaeaa einie/aneiai acaeiiaeaenoaey naaoee, eo oaniie nayce n caiiie
aeeciueth, e yoe i?aaenoaaeaiey aiieia niioaaonoaiaaee oiio eiooeoeaii
oeaeinoiiio aini?eyoeth i?e?iaeu, eioi?ia naeeaeaei ?aiannainioth ia-
oo?oeeinioeth n aioe/iie. I?i/iay naycue niaaeeiyea iaoo?oeeinioeth e
iaae/aneea noaaa?ey. Oaea ia aeieeanniaie noaaeee enoi?ee a /aeiaaea
aeeea oaa?aiiinoue a nouanoaiaaiee oaeeo naycae e noi?ii i?e?iaeiiai
ie?a, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue aanueia iieaciuie ethaeyi. Iaeiaei iiaa?o-
iinoiinoue iiieiaiey iiaeeeiiuo, ?aaeueiuo naycae i?e?iaeu ii?iaeaeaea
niaa?oaiii eeethci?iua iiiuoee aicaeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeo a eioa?anao
yoie i?aeoeee. Ia/oa aoiaienoia ia onoaiiaeaiee oea?noaa /aeiaaea
ia caiea aeaeaei iia?aaeaea aiciiaeiinoe aa ?aaeecaoeee. Ionthaea oe?i-
eay ?ani?ino?aiaiiinoue iaae/aneeo noaaa?ee a eo iaoo?oeeinioneeo
i?aaenoaaeaieyo. Ii iie no?aieeenue eo ia?ainiuneeoue, oaycuaay iaaeth
n iiciaieai ?aaeueiuo i?e/ei a i?e?iaea. A iicaeia?aiannainiie iaoo?-
oeeinioee iiyaeeinue iiiyoea anoanoaaiiie iaaee. A yoii ioiioaiee
iniaaiii iieacaoaeueia eieaa eoaeueyioea Aeaeaiaaooenou aeaeea Ii?oa
“Anoanoaaiiay iaaey, eee i /oaeanao i?e?iaeiuo aauae” (1589), n ei-
oi?ie Aeaea?o, eae iieaaatho enneaaeiaaoaee, iciaeiieeny aua a noa?-
oeo eeannao eieeaaee. Aeae. aeaeea Ii?oa noaaee niaeoth caaea/o eniieue-
ciaaoue neeu i?e?iaeu, iie?aynue ia aeiaio?iiiii?oiua neeu neiiaoee e
aioeiaoee, nouanoaothuea iaaeaeo i?e?iaeiuie aauaie. I?e anae oaioan-
oe/iinoe oaeeo i?aaenoaaeaiee eaeay iaeaaeaiey neeaie i?e?iaeu ia in-
iiaa iiciaiey i?enoueo ae naienoa (ianeieueei iicaea yoa eaeay auea
aanueia e?anii?a/eai noi?ioee?iaaia O.Ayeiiii) i?iecaaea ia Aeaea?oa
i/aiue neeueiia aia/aoeaiea.
E ?aci/a?iaaieth Aeaea?oa a noieanoe/aneie o/aiinoe i?eaaaey-
einue e iiieiaiea iaeiiainiiaaiiinoe iaoo?oeeinioneeo eiioeaioeee.
Aai no?iaee oi ia iia i?eie?eoueny n oaie inaaaeienoeiaie, eaeeie
aeiaieuenoaiaaeenue noieanoeee e aeaaea ioaa?aaaoea eo eaeae iuneeoaee,
o/aiey eioi?uo i?eaeeaeaeenue e eiioeaioeeyi iaoo?oeeinioia. Yoei ai
iiiaii iauyniyaony neeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia iaai eaeae aioe/iiai
neaioeoeecia, iaiiaeaiiuo iaeiei ec naiuo y?eeo oeeinioia iicaeiaai
Aic?iaeaeaiey, niioa/anoaaiieeii Aeaea?oa Ieoaeai Iiioaia/ (1533 –
1592) . Neaioeoeeci auyaee ?yae i?ioeai?a/ee iiciaiey (aaaeiaeoaa ec
ieo – i?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeo /oanoaaiiui e oinoaaiiui eiiiiiaioaie
ciaiey) .
Iaeei ec aeaaiuo aniaeoia neaioeoeecia – iai?eyoea aeiaiaoe/an-
eie naiiaethaeaiiinoe iuneeoaeae, oaa?aiiuo a iaeieaaeiinoe anaai
oiai, /oi iie n/eoatho aaeeinoaaiii enoeiiui. Aiciaiiaeaiea yoeo
eaeae a yiioo Aic?iaeaeaiey iaiineei neeueiaeoee oaea? ii noieanoe/an-
eiio aeiaiaoecio e aaoi?eoa?ecio e aeaaea ii ?aeeaeiciui o/aieyi eae
aaniethoii iacuaeaiui – a aeacao iiiaeanoaa nia?aiaiieeia – oeeoaaea-
eyi aa?ieniiaaaeiiai aeiaiaoecia. Ae?oaay iniaaiiinoue neaioeoeecia
ninoiyea a oii, /oi ii iiae?uaae (anee ia ioaa?aae) anyeoth oaa?ai-
iinoue a aiciiaeiinoe aeinoe/ue aeinoiaa?iiai ciaiey e ooaa?aeaeae
aeinoe-
aeeiinoue eeoue ioiineoaeueiuo enoei, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey aeaenoaee a
eiie-
?aoiuo neooaoeeyo. Ii ieii/aiee eieeaaee, iiaeaiaey eoiae naiaai aeo-
oiaiiai ?acaeoey a “?annoeaeaeaiee i iaoiaea”, Aeaea?o ienae, /oi ii
“caiooaeny a niiiaieyo e caaeoaeaeaieyo”, e i?eoii ianoieueei, /oi
“ana aieaa e aieaa oaaaeaeaeny a naiai iaciaiee” . Ec yoiai ninoiy-
iey iieiaeiai Aeaea?oa auaiaeeei iaaethaeaiea ethaeae a
e?oaia?auaieyo
aeecie. A oii aea i?iecaaaeaiee ii auneacae iuneue, /oi iiaeii ano?a-
oeoue “aieaa enoeiu a ?annoaeaeaieyo eaaeaeiai, eanathueony
iaiin?aaen-
oaaiii eioa?anothueo aai aeae, enoiae eioi?uo iaiaaeeaiii iaeaaeao aai,
anee ii iai?aaeeueii ?annoaeee, /ai a eaaeiaoiuo oiic?aieyo ia?aci-
aaiiiai /aeiaaea, ia caaa?oathueony aeaenoaeai…”
Neeueiaeoei noeioeii e iao/iui ecuneaieyi Aeaea?oa iineoaeeee
ano?a/a n Aaeiaiii e iauaiea n iei. Aeaaiui i?aaeiaoii enneaaeiaaiee
o?aioeocneiai o/aiiai ia?aiia/aeueii auea iaoaiaoeea. Eae yanoaoao
ec “I?aaee aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oia”, iaoaiaoe/aneea ?aciuoeaiey ia?a-
?inee a iaoiaeieiae/aneea, a nouiinoe iaioaeaeeiua io oeeinioneeo.
Iaeiaei ia/aei oeeinioneie ?aoeaenee Aeaea?oa i?eoiaeeony ia cia/e-
oaeueii aieaa ?aiiea aiaeu. Iii caoeene?iaaii a aai caienyo, iieo-
/eaoeo iacaaiea “*anoiua iunee”. A ia?aie ec yoeo caienae (ioiiny-
uaeny e yiaa?th 1619 a.) Aeaea?o ieoao, /oi anee aei oao ii? ii aue
eeoue c?eoaeai, oi oaia?ue, iaaeaa ianeo, niae?aaony a ea/anoaa aeaen-
oaothuaai eeoea aueoe ia iiaeiinoee “oaao?a ie?a naai” .
Oaeie auoiae, a /anoiinoe, icia/ae aeoeaiinoue a enneaaeiaaiee
?acee/iuo iaeanoae i?e?iaeu. Eiie?aoii-iao/iua enneaaeiaaiey iieiaei-
ai Aeaea?oa iaoee io?aaeaiea a iaiioaeeeiaaiiii o?aeoaoa “Ie?”. Eia-
aea aea ?aaioo iaae yoei i?iecaaaeaieai i?eoeinue inoaaeoue, Aeaea?o
ioa-
eeeoao “?annoaeaeaiea i iaoiaea” n o?aiy i?eeiaeaieyie. Caeanue
ia?aae
iaie aiieia c?aeue oeeinio e o/aiue, eioi?ue a aeaeueiaeoai io?aaa-
ouaaao a iniiaiii oaea neiaeeaoeany iunee.
Einiainy oaia?ue iaeioi?uo iao/iuo aeinoeaeaiee Aeaea?oa. A enoi-
?ee iaoaiaoeee ii caieiaao aanueia aeaeiia ianoi. Iaeii ec aaaeiaeoeo
aeinoeaeaiee ?aiannainiie iaoee ninoiyei a aic?iaeaeaiee eaeae aaeeeeo
ae?aaiaa?a/aneeo iaoaiaoeeia, E eiioeo OVI a. auee ecaeaiu a i?eaeia-
eao e ia?aaaaeaiu ia eaoeineee ycue ana nio?aieaoeany (e iaeaeaiiua
e oiio a?aiaie) i?iecaaaeaiey Aaeeeaea, A?oeiaaea, Aiieeiiey, Iaiia,
Aeeioaioa. Aeaea?oo iie auee oi?ioi ecaanoiu. Ii oaea a yiioo Aic?iae-
aeaiey iiyaeeenue ia/aoee iaoaiaoe/aneiai anoanoaiciaiey. Oaia?ue aea,
a yiioo Aeaea?oa, aac iaoaiaoe/aneiai anoanoaiciaiey iaoea auea au
ia niiniaia noaoue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie neeie. A naith i/a?aaeue iaoaiaoe-
caoeey anoanoaiciaiey, aeaaea a oao ne?iiiuo ianooaaao, auea au ia-
aiciiaeia aac ii?aaeaeaiiiai i?ia?anna a naiie iaoaiaoeea. Oaeie
i?ia?ann, a /anoiinoe, iaaiciiaeai aac oniaoia oi?iaeecaoeee. E
eiaiii Aeaea?o nua?ae ?aoathuoth ?ieue a noaiiaeaiee nia?aiaiiie ae-
aaa?u oai, /oi aaae aoeaaiiua neiaieu, iaicia/ee iineaaeieie aoeaa-
ie eaoeineiai aeoaaeoa (o, o, z) ia?aiaiiua aaee/eiu, aaae iuiao-
iaa iaicia/aiea noaiaiae, caeiaeee iniiau oai?ee o?aaiaiee. Iiiyoey
/enea e aaee/eiu, ?aiaa nouanoaiaaaoea ?acaeaeueii, oai naiui auee
iauaaeeiaiu. Enoi?e/aneia cia/aiea Aeaea?oiaie “aaiiao?ee” ninoieo
oaeaea a oii, /oi caeanue auea ioe?uoa naycue aaee/eiu e ooieoeee, /oi
i?aia?aciaaei iaoaiaoeeo.
I?eiaiaiea aeaaa?ae/aneeo iaoiaeia e aaiiao?e/aneei iauaeoai,
aaaaeaiea nenoaiu i?yiieeiaeiuo eii?aeeiao icia/aei nicaeaiea aiaee-
oe/aneie aaiiao?ee, iauaaeeiythuae aaiiao?e/aneea e a?eoiaoe/aneea
aaee/eiu, eioi?ua ni a?aiai ae?aaiaa?a/aneie iaoaiaoeee nouanoaiaa-
ee a ?acaeaeueiinoe.
Oeaaeai, aeaeaa, e ia aieueoie aeeaae Aeaea?oa a oi?ie?iaaiea
noieue aaaeiie iaoee, eae iioeea (eoiae aai enneaaeiaaiee a yoie ia-
eanoe niaea?aeaony a iniiaiii a “Aeeiio?eea” e a “Iaoai?ao”). Oae, ii
ioe?ue (iacaaeneii io A. Niaeeeona) caeii i?aeiieaiey naaoiaiai
eo/a ia a?aieoea aeaoo ?acee/iuo n?aae. Oi/iay oi?ioee?iaea yoiai ca-
eiia iicaieeea oniaa?oainoaiaaoue iioe/aneea i?eai?u, eioi?ua oiaaea
noaee ea?aoue ia?iiioth ?ieue a ano?iiiiee e iaaeaaoeee (a anei?a e a
iee?ineiiee).
Neacaiiui aeaeaei ia en/a?iuaaaony iaeanoue iao/iuo eioa?ania e
iao/iuo ioe?uoee Aeaea?oa.
I?eioeei enoi?ecia o?aaoao eiie?aoiiai enoi?e/aneiai en-
neaaeiaaiey oeeinioeeo o/aiee. Iaeuecy au?aaoue oeeinioneoth oa-
i?eth ec oie enoi?e/aneie, yeiiiie/aneie e nioeeaeueiie n?aaeu,
a eioi?ie iia nicaeaaaeanue. Eniieueciaaiea iaeiiai oieueei
eiae/aneiai iaoiaea ia aeano iai iieiiai iiieiaiey o/aiey, aai
enoi?e/aneie cia/eiinoe.
Aiaeu aeecie Aeaea?oa – 1596-1650. A yoio ia?eiae iienoiaeee
ia?aoiae io n?aaeiaaaeiauey e Iiaiio a?aiaie.
E yoiio a?aiaie, ii neiaai Yiaaeuena, “i?iiuoeaiiinoue ei-
einnaeueii ?acaeeanue e aucaaea e aeecie ianno iiauo iaoaie/an-
eeo (oea/anoai, /aniaia aeaei, iaeueieoeu) … e oece/aneeo
oaeoia (i/ee), eioi?ua aeaaaee ia oieueei ia?iiiue iaoa?eae
aeey iaaethaeaiee, ii oaeaea e niaa?oaiii eiua, /ai ?aiueoa n?aae-
noaa aeey yenia?eiaioe?iaaiey e iicaieeee neiino?oe?iaaoue ii-
aua eino?oiaiou”.
Ai a?aiaia Aeaea?oa ?aianei a “/enoii” aeaea ia/aei iooan-
iyoueny (a oaeeo no?aiao, eae Eoaeey, Aieaiaeey) ?aianeii, i?-
aaieciaaiiui ii iiaiio i?eioeeio a iaiooaeoo?iuo ianoa?neeo –
“i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iaoaiecia, i?aaiaie eioi?iai yaeythony eth-
aee”. Eaaeaeue “aeioee” yoiai iaoaiecia ninoieo ec iaueiiaaiiie
/aeiaa/aneie ieioe, a aai ooieoeee ii?aaeaeythony oaia?ue oie
“oi/eie”, eioi?oth ii caieiaao a iaoaiecia: aeaeueoa eee aeeaea
io enoiaeiie oi/ee ?aniieiaeaia “oi/ea” ooieoeeiiaeueiay.
Naycue ooieoeee “/anoe/iuo ?aaioieeia” – “aeaoaeae” iioaioee-
aeueiie iaoeiu – iouaieyaony io ieo naieo e a aeaea ieaia, ae-
ai?eoia i?iecaiaenoaa i?ioeainoieo ei. Ia?ac i?ioeanna, aai
“ea?oeia” caaeaaony aaiiao?e/anee.
I?e/eiie ei?aiiiai eciaiaiey oa?aeoa?a i?aaeiaoiie aeay-
oaeueiinoe yaeyaony i?eioeei iaoeiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, a eiaiii,
?aceaaaoue i?ioeann i?iecaiaenoaa ia ninoaaiua oacu e ?ac?aoaoue
aicieeathuea caaea/e iin?aaenoaii i?eiaiaiey anoanoaaiiuo iaoe.
No?oeoo?a /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe a naiae ia?aiiniiaa
noaiiaeony iaoaiaoe/aneie. A oai?aoe/aneii ioia?aaeaiee yoie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?ienoiaeeee aiaeiae/iua i?ioeannu, i?eaaaeoea e
iio?aaiinoe iiaiai iaoiaea eae iaoiaea iaoaiaoe/aneiai e ii?a-
aeaeeaoea eiaeeo oi?ie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey iiaie oai?ee, iiaie
iaoee.
“Iaoaiaoecaoeey” aeayoaeueiinoe, a aianoa i oai e “iaoaiaoe-
caoeey” (aeai?eoiecaoeey) iaoiaea,i?aaenoaaeythueany naaiaeiy aan-
o?aae?iaaieai io anyeiai niaea?aeaiey, a ?anniao?eaaaioth yiioo
i?aaenoaaeyea a naiie naiae ia?aiiniiaa aaeeinoaaiii aiciiaeiue
iooue aeaeueiaeoaai i?iieeiiaaiey a aieaa aeoaieee “neie” ni-
aea?aeaiey, iooue ia?aoiaea e iiaie nouiinoe.
Aaaeiaeoay caaea/a, anoaaoay ia yoii iooe – yoi caaea/a ia-
oaiaoecaoeee oeceee.
Aio a /ai nooue oiai cai?ina, eioi?ue iinoiyiii iuouaaony
Aeaea?oii. Caieiaynue yoie caaea/ae, Aeaea?o i?eoiaeeo e nicaeaieth
nianoaaiiiai iaoiaea iiciaiey ie?oaeathuaai ie?a. E 1625 aiaeo
ii oaea iaeaaeae iniiaiuie iieiaeaieyie iineaaeiaai.
I?iiouaiiua neaicue eaieueiia ooei niiiaiey, iie naaeenue e
iaaieueoiio /eneo i?inoaeoeo i?aaee, iin?aaenoaii eioi?uo ec
iniiaiuo iieiaeaiee iiaeao auoue auaaaeaii ana aiaaonoai iiae-
aa?aoaainy aiaeeco iaoa?eaea.
Ii nia/aea Aeaea?o i?iaa?yao naie i?aaeea a i?ioeanna ?a-
aeueiiai ioe?uoey. I?e yoii ii ?aoaao iaeio ec eeth/aauo i?ia-
eai aeeiio?eee – i?iaeaio aiaeeanoe/aneie eeiee.
Aianoa n eiie?aoiui iao/iui ioe?uoeai auei niaa?oaii aua
iaeii, iaoiaeieiae/aneia ioe?uoea. Iaia?oaeeeanue iaiaoiaeeiinoue
e aiciiaeiinoue iinoiyiiie (eae yoi oi?ioee?oaony a Iiaia a?a-
iy-?aoeaeoeaiie) ?aaiou iaae nianoaaiiui oiii, iaiaoiaeeiinoue
e aiciiaeiinoue iinoiyiiiai ia?auaiey iunee ia iuneue, iinoiyi-
iiai ?acaeoey naiie niiniaiinoe iuneeoue, ioe?uaaoue, ecia?a-
oaoue. Oio oi, eioi?ue aeieaeai ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny i?aaeeaie Aea-
ea?oa, – yoi oaea ia nica?oeathuee e niieieiue oi aioe/iiai
iuneeoaey, yoi ia canouaoee, io aiaa noi?ie?iaaiiue Oi n?aae-
iaaaeiauey, yoi oi, niiniaiue eciaiyoueny, iono?aiyoueny io na-
iiai naay, yoi oi, ioaa/athuee e enoi?e/aneiio, e nioeeaeueii-
io, e oaoie/aneiio aeeiaiecio Iiaiai a?aiaie.
Aeaea?oianeia niiiaiea i?ecaaii nianoe caeaiea i?aaeiae
o?aaeeoeeiiiie eoeueoo?u e ioiaieoue i?aaeiee oei niciaiey, /oiau
oai naiui ?an/enoeoue ii/ao aeey iino?ieee iiaiai caeaiey –
eoeueoo?u ?aoeeiiaeueiie a naiii naiai nouanoaa. Aioeo?aaeeoeei-
iaeeci – aio aeueoa e iiaaa oeeinioee Aeaea?oa. Eiaaea iu aiai-
?ei i iao/iie ?aaiethoeee XVII aaea, oi eiaiii Aeaea?o yaeyao
niaie oei ?aaiethoeeiia?ia, oneeeyie eioi?uo e auea nicaeaia
iaoea iiaiai a?aiaie, ii e ia oieueei iia: ?a/ue oea i nicaea-
iee iiaiai oeia iauanoaa e iiaiai oeia /aeiaaea, /oi anei?a
e iaia?oaeeeinue a noa?a nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie, n iaeiie noi-
?iiu, e a eaeaieiaee I?inaauaiey, n ae?oaie. Aio i?eioeei iiaie
eoeueoo?u, eae aai n i?aaeaeueiie /aoeinoueth au?acee nai Aeaea?o:
“…ieeiaaea ia i?eieiaoue ca enoeiiia ie/aai, /oi y ia iiciae
au oaeiaui n i/aaeaeiinoueth… aeeth/aoue a naie noaeaeaiey oieueei
oi, /oi i?aaenoaaeyaony iiaio oio noieue ynii e noieue io/aoee-
ai, /oi ia aeano iia ieeaeiai iiaiaea iiaeaa?aaoue eo niiiaieth”.
I?eioeei i/aaeaeiinoe oanii naycai n aioeo?aaeeoeeiiaeeciii
Aeaea?oa. Enoeiiia ciaiea iu aeieaeiu iieo/eoue aeey oiai, /oiau
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny ei oaeaea e a i?aeoe/aneie aeecie, a naiai
aeeciano?ieoaeuenoaa. Oi, /oi i?aaeaea i?ienoiaeeei noeoeeii,
aeieaeii iuia noaoue i?aaeiaoii niciaoaeueiie e oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie
aiee, ?oeiaiaenoaothuaeny i?eioeeiaie ?acoia. *aeiaae aeieaeai
eiio?iee?iaaoue enoi?eth ai anao aa oi?iao, ia/eiay io no?ie-
oaeuenoaa ai?iaeia, ainoaea?noaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiauo ii?i
e eii/ay iaoeie. I?aaeiyy iaoea auaeyaeeo, ii Aeaea?oo, oae,
eae ae?aaiee ai?iae n aai aiaieaiiauie iino?ieeaie, n?aaee ei-
oi?uo, ai?i/ai, ano?a/athony e caeaiey oaeeaeoaeueiie e?aniou,
ii a eioi?ii iaeciaiii e?eaua e oceea oei/ee; iiaay iaoea
aeieaeia nicaeaaaoueny ii aaeeiiio ieaio e n iiiiuueth aaeeiiai ia-
oiaea. Aio yoio iaoiae e nicaeaao Aeaea?o, oaaaeaeaiiue a oii, /oi
i?eiaiaiea iineaaeiaai noeeo /aeiaa/anoao iaaaaeiiua i?aaeaea
aiciiaeiinoe, /oi ii naeaeaao ethaeae “oicyaaaie e ainiiaeaie
i?e?iaeu”.
Iaeiaei iaaa?ii aeoiaoue, /oi, e?eoeeoy o?aaeeoeeth, nai Aea-
ea?o ia/eiaao n ioey. Aai nianoaaiiia iuoeaiea oiaea oei?aia-
ii a o?aaeeoeee; ioa?anuaay iaeie aniaeou iineaaeiae, Aeaea?o
iie?aaony ia ae?oaea. Oeeinioneia oai?/anoai ieeiaaea ia ia/e-
iaaony ia ionoii ianoa.
Aeaea?oiaa naycue n i?aaeoanoaothuae oeeinioeae iaia?oaeeaa-
aony oaea a naiii aai enoiaeiii ioieoa. Aeaea?o oaaaeaeai, /oi
nicaeaiea iiaiai iaoiaea iuoeaiey o?aaoao i?i/iiai e iacuaea-
iiai iniiaaiey. Oaeia iniiaaiea aeieaeii auoue iaeaeaii a naiii
?acoia, oi/iaa, a aai aioo?aiiai ia?aienoi/ieea – a naiinic-
iaiee. “Iuneth, neaaeiaaoaeueii, nouanoaoth” – aio naiia aeinoi-
aa?iia ec anao noaeaeaiee. Ii, auaeaeaay yoi noaeaeaiea eae naiia
i/aaeaeiia, Aeaea?o, a nouiinoe, eaeao ca Aaaonoeiii, a iieaie-
ea n aioe/iui neaioeoeeciii oeacaaoei ia iaaiciiaeiinoue onii-
ieoueny ii e?aeiae ia?a a nouanoaiaaiee naiiai niiiaaathuaai-
ny. E yoi ia i?inoi neo/aeiia niaiaaeaiea: ooo neacuaaaony
iauiinoue a iiieiaiee iioieiae/aneie cia/eiinoe “aioo?aiiaai
/aeiaaea”, eioi?ia iieo/aao naia au?aaeaiea a naiiniciaiee.
Ia neo/aeii eaoaai?ey naiiniciaiey, ea?athuay oeaio?aeueioth
?ieue a iiaie oeeinioee, a nouiinoe, auea iaciaeiia aioe/iin-
oe: cia/eiinoue niciaiey – i?iaeoeo o?enoeaineie oeeaeeecaoeee.
E aeaenoaeoaeueii, /oiau noaeaeaiea “iuneth, neaaeiaaoaeueii, no-
uanoaoth” i?eia?aei cia/aiea enoiaeiiai iieiaeaiey oeeinioee,
iaiaoiaeeiu, ii e?aeiae ia?a, aeaa aeiiouaiey. Ai-ia?auo, ain-
oiaeyuaa e aioe/iinoe (i?aaeaea anaai e ieaoiiecio) oaaaeaeaiea a
iioieiae/aneii i?aainoiaenoaa oiiiinoeaaaiiai ie?a iaae /oan-
oaaiiui, eai niiiaieth o Aeaea?oa iiaeaa?aaaony i?aaeaea anaai
ie? /oanoaaiiue, aeeth/ay iaai, caieth e aeaaea iaoa nianoaaiiia
oaei. Ai-aoi?uo, /oaeaeia a oaeie ia?a aioe/iinoe e ?iaeaeaiiia
o?enoeainoaii niciaiea aunieie oeaiiinoe “aioo?aiiaai /aeiaa-
ea”, /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe, ioeeaoaany iicaeiaa a eaoaai?eth
“ss”. A iniiao oeeinioee iiaiai a?aiaie, oaeei ia?acii, Aea-
ea?o iieiaeee ia i?inoi i?eioeei iuoeaiey eae iauaeoeaiiai
i?ioeanna, eaeei aue aioe/iue Eiain, a eiaiii noauaeoeaii ia-
?aaeeaaaiue e niciaaaaiue i?ioeann iuoeaiey, oaeie, io eioi?i-
ai iaaiciiaeii ioaeaeeoue iuneyuaai. “…Iaeaii,- ieoao Aea-
ea?o,- iieaaaoue ianouanoaothuei oi, /oi iuneeo, a oi a?aiy,
iiea iii iuneeo…”
Iaeiaei anoue e na?ueaciia ?acee/ea iaaeaeo ea?oaceaineie e
aaaonoeieaineie o?aeoiaeaie naiiniciaiey. Aeaea?o enoiaeeo ec
naiiniciaiey eae iaeioi?ie /enoi noauaeoeaiie aeinoiaa?iinoe,
?anniao?eaay i?e yoii noauaeo aiinaieiae/anee, oi anoue eae
oi, /oi i?ioeainoieo iauaeoo. ?anuaieaiea anae aeaenoaeoaeue-
iinoe ia noauaeo e iauaeo – aio oi i?eioeeieaeueii iiaia, /aai
a oaeii aniaeoa ia ciaea ie aioe/iay, ie n?aaeiaaaeiaay oeei-
nioey. I?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea noauaeoa iauaeoo oa?aeoa?ii ia
oieueei aeey ?aoeeiiaeecia, ii e aeey yiie?ecia XVII aaea. Aea-
aiaea?y yoiio i?ioeaiiinoaaeaieth aiinaieiaey, oi anoue o/aiea
i ciaiee, auaeaeaaaony ia ia?aue ieai a XVII aaea, oioy, eae
iu ioia/aee, naycue ni noa?ie iioieiaeae ia auea iieiinoueth
oo?a/aia.
N i?ioeaiiinoaaeaieai noauaeoa iauaeoo naycaiu o Aeaea?-
oa iienee aeinoiaa?iinoe ciaiey a naiii noauaeoa, a aai naii-
niciaiee. E ooo iu aeaeei aua iaeei ioieo, ioee/athuee Aeaea?oa
io Aaaonoeia. O?aioeocneee iuneeoaeue n/eoaao naiiniciaiea
(“iuneth, neaaeiaaoaeueii, nouanoaoth”) oie oi/eie, ioi?aaeyynue
io eioi?ie e iniiauaaynue ia eioi?ie iiaeii aicaeaeaiooue ana
inoaeueiia ciaiea. “ss iuneth”, oaeei ia?acii, anoue eae au oa
aaniethoii aeinoiaa?iay aeneiia, ec eioi?ie aeieaeii au?anoe ana
caeaiea iaoee iiaeiaii oiio eae ec iaaieueoiai /enea aeneii e
iinooeaoia au aiaeyony ana iieiaeaiey aaeeeaeiaie aaiiao?ee.
Aiaeiaey n aaiiao?eae caeanue aiana ia neo/aeia. Aeey ?a-
oeeiiaeecia XVII aaea, aeeth/ay Aeaea?oa, Iaeuea?aioa, Nieiico,
Eaeaieoea, iaoaiaoeea yaeyaony ia?acoeii no?iaiai e oi/iiai
ciaieyo eioi?iio aeieaeia iiae?aaeaoue e oeeinioey, anee iia oi-
/ao auoue iaoeie. A /oi oeeinioey aeieaeia auoue iaoeie, e i?e-
oii naiie aeinoiaa?iie ec iaoe, a yoii o aieueoeinoaa oeeini-
oia oie yiioe ia auei niiiaiey. *oi eanaaony Aeaea?oa, oi ii
nai aue auaeathueiny iaoaiaoeeii, nicaeaoaeai aiaeeoe/aneie aa-
iiao?ee. E ia neo/aeii eiaiii Aeaea?oo i?eiaaeeaaeeo eaeay nic-
aeaiey aaeeiiai iao/iiai iaoiaea, eioi?ue o iaai iineo iacaaiea
“oieaa?naeueiie iaoaiaoeee e n iiiiuueth eioi?iai Aeaea?o n/eoa-
ao aiciiaeiui iino?ieoue nenoaio iaoee, iiaouae iaania/eoue /a-
eiaaeo ainiiaenoai iaae i?e?iaeie. A /oi eiaiii ainiiaenoai iaae
i?e?iaeie yaeyaony eiia/iie oeaeueth iao/iiai iiciaiey, a yoii
Aeaea?o aiieia niaeanai n Ayeiiii.
Iaoiae, eae aai iiieiaao Aeaea?o, aeieaeai i?aa?aoeoue iic-
iaiea a i?aaieciaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue, inaiaiaeea aai io neo-
/aeiinoe, io oaeeo noauaeoeaiuo oaeoi?ia, eae iaaethaeaoaeue-
iinoue eee ino?ue oi, n iaeiie noi?iiu, oaea/a e n/anoeeaia
noa/aiea ianoiyoaeuenoa, n ae?oaie. Ia?acii aiai?y, iaoiae
i?aa?auaao iao/iia iiciaiea ec eonoa?iiai i?iiunea a i?iiuo-
eaiiinoue, ec nii?aaee/aneiai e neo/aeiiai iaia?oaeaiey enoei –
a nenoaiaoe/aneia e ieaiiia?iia eo i?iecaiaenoai. Iaoiae iic-
aieyao iaoea i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia ia ioaeaeueiua ioe?uoey, a eae-
oe, oae neacaoue, “nieioiui o?iioii”, ia inoaaeyy eaeoi eee
i?iiouaiiuo caaiueaa. Iao/iia ciaiea, eae aai i?aaeaeaeeo Aea-
ea?o, yoi ia ioaeaeueiua ioe?uoey, niaaeeiyaiua iinoaiaiii a
iaeioi?oth iauoth ea?oeio i?e?iaeu, a nicaeaiea anaiauae iiiy-
oeeiie naoee, a eioi?ie oaea ia i?aaenoaaeyao ieeaeiai o?oaea
caiieieoue ioaeaeueiua y/aeee, oi anoue iaia?oaeeoue ioaeaeueiua en-
oeiu. I?ioeann iiciaiey i?aa?auaaony a naiaai ?iaea iioi/ioth
eeieth, a a iineaaeiae, eae ecaanoii, aeaaiia – iai?a?uaiinoue.
Aio ii/aio iai?a?uaiinoue – iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo i?eioeeiia iaoi-
aea Aeaea?oa.
Niaeanii Aeaea?oo, iaoaiaoeea aeieaeia noaoue aeaaiui
n?aaenoaii iiciaiey i?e?iaeu, eai naii iiiyoea i?e?iaeu Aeaea?o
nouanoaaiii i?aia?aciaae, inoaaea a iai oieueei oa naienoaa,
eioi?ua ninoaaeytho i?aaeiao iaoaiaoeee: i?ioyaeaiea (aaee/e-
io), oeao?o e aeaeaeaiea. *oiau iiiyoue, eaeei ia?acii Aeaea?o
aeae iiaoth o?aeoiaeo i?e?iaeu, ?anniio?ei iniaaiiinoe ea?oace-
aineie iaoaoeceee.
Iaoaoeceea Aeaea?oa:
noanoaioeee e eo ao?eaoou.
O/aiea i a?iaeaeaiiuo eaeayo
Oeaio?aeueiui iiiyoeai ?aoeeiiaeenoe/aneie iaoaoeceee ya-
eyaony iiiyoea noanoaioeee, ei?ie eioi?iai eaaeao a aioe/iie
iioieiaee.
Aeaea?o ii?aaeaeyao noanoaioeeth eae aauue (iiae “aauueth” a
yoio ia?eiae iiieiaee ia yiie?e/anee aeaiiue i?aaeiao, ia oece-
/aneoth aauue, a anyeia nouaa aiiaua), eioi?ay ia ioaeaeaaony
aeey naiaai nouanoaiaaiey ie a /ai, e?iia naiie naay. Anee
no?iai enoiaeeoue ec yoiai ii?aaeaeaiey, oi noanoaioeeae, ii Aea-
ea?oo, yaeyaony oieueei aia, a e nioai?aiiiio ie?o yoi iiiy-
oea iiaeii i?eiaieoue eeoue oneiaii, n oeaeueth ioee/eoue n?aaee
nioai?aiiuo aauae oa, eioi?ua aeey naiaai nouanoaiaaiey ioae-
aeathony “eeoue a iau/iii niaeaenoaee aiaa”, io oao, eioi?ua aeey
yoiai ioaeaeathony a niaeaenoaee ae?oaeo oai?aiee, a iioiio iinyo
iacaaiea ea/anoa e ao?eaooia, a eo noanoaioeee.
Nioai?aiiue ie? Aeaea?o aeaeeo ia aeaa ?iaea noanoaioeee –
aeooiaiua e iaoa?eaeueiua. Aeaaiia ii?aaeaeaiea aeooiaiie noan-
oaioeee – na iaaeaeeiinoue, aaaeiaeoee i?eciae iaoa?eaeueiie –
aeaeeiinoue aei aaneiia/iinoe. Caeanue Aeaea?o, eae iao?oaeii oae-
aeaoue, aini?iecaiaeeo aioe/iia iiieiaiea aeooiaiiai e iaoa?e-
aeueiiai ia/ae, iiieiaiea, eioi?ia a iniiaiii oianeaaeiaaei e
n?aaeiaaaeiauea. Oaeei ia?acii, iniiaiua ao?eaoou noanoaioeee –
yoi iuoeaiea e i?ioyaeaiea, inoaeueiua eo ao?eaoou i?iecaiaeiu
io yoeo ia?auo: aiia?aaeaiea, /oanoai; aeaeaiea – iiaeonu iuo-
eaiey; oeao?a, iieiaeaiea, aeaeaeaiea – iiaeonu i?ioyaeaiey.
Iaiaoa?eaeueiay noanoaioeey eiaao a naaa, niaeanii Aeaea?-
oo, eaeae, eioi?ua i?enoue ae ecia/aeueii, a ia i?eia?aoaiu a
iiuoa, a iioiio a XVII aaea eo iacuaaee a?iaeaeaiiuie. A o/a-
iee i a?iaeaeaiiuo eaeayo ii-iiaiio auei ?acaeoi ieaoiiianeia
iieiaeaiea ia enoeiiii ciaiee eae i?eiiieiaiee oiai, /oi ca-
ia/aoeaeinue a aeooa, eiaaea iia i?aauaaea a ie?a eaeae. E a?iae-
aeaiiui Aeaea?o ioiinee eaeath aiaa eae nouanoaa ananiaa?oaiii-
ai, caoai – eaeae /enae e oeao?, a oaeaea iaeioi?ua iauea ii-
iyoey, eae, iai?eia?, ecaanoioth aeneiio: “anee e ?aaiui aa-
ee/eiai i?eaaaeoue ?aaiua, oi iieo/aaiua i?e yoii eoiae aoaeoo
?aaiu iaaeaeo niaie”, eee iieiaeaiea “ec ie/aai ie/aai ia i?i-
enoiaeeo”. Yoe eaeae e enoeiu ?anniao?eaathony Aeaea?oii eae
aiieiuaiea anoanoaaiiiai naaoa ?acoia.
N XVII aaea ia/eiaaony aeeeoaeueiay iieaieea aie?oa aii-
?ina i niiniaa nouanoaiaaiey, i oa?aeoa?a e enoi/ieeao yoeo
naiuo a?iaeaeaiiuo eaeae. A?iaeaeaiiua eaeae ?anniao?eaaeenue ?aoee-
iiaeenoaie XVII aaea a ea/anoaa oneiaee aiciiaeiinoe anaiaua-
ai e iaiaoiaeeiiai ciaiey, oi anoue iaoee e iao/iie oeeinioee.
*oi aea eanaaony iaoa?eaeueiie noanoaioeee, aeaaiui ao?e-
aooii eioi?ie yaeyaony i?ioyaeaiea, oi aa Aeaea?o ioiaeaeanoaey-
ao n i?e?iaeie, a iioiio n iieiui iniiaaieai cayaeyao, /oi
ana a i?e?iaea iiae/eiyaony /enoi iaoaie/aneei caeiiai, eioi-
?ua iiaoo auoue ioe?uou n iiiiuueth iaoaiaoe/aneie iaoee – ia-
oaieee. Ec i?e?iaeu Aeaea?o, oae aea eae e Aaeeeae, iieiinoueth
ecaiiyao iiiyoea oeaee, ia eioi?ii iniiauaaeanue a?enoioaeaan-
eay oeceea, a oaeaea einiieiaey e niioaaonoaaiii iiiyoey aeooe
e aeecie oeaio?aeueiua a iaoo?oeeinioee yiioe Aic?iaeaeaiey.
Eiaiii a XVII aaea oi?ie?oaony oa iaoaienoe/aneay ea?oeia
ie?a, eioi?ay ninoaaeyea iniiao anoanoaiciaiey e oeeinioee
aieioue aei ia/aea XIX aaea.
Aeoaeeci noanoaioeee iicaieyao, oaeei ia?acii, Aeaea?oo
nicaeaoue iaoa?eaeenoe/aneoth oeceeo eae o/aiea i i?ioyaeaiiie
noanoaioeee e eaeaaeenoe/aneoth ineoieiaeth eae o/aiea i noan-
oaioeee iuneyuae. Naycothuei caaiii iaaeaeo ieie ieacuaaaony o
Aeaea?oa aia, eioi?ue aiineo a i?e?iaeo aeaeaeaiea e iaania/eaa-
ao eiaa?eaioiinoue anao aa caeiiia.
Aeaea?o ieacaeny iaeiei ec oai?oeia eeanne/aneie iaoaieee.
Ioiaeaeanoaea i?e?iaeo n i?ioyaeaieai, ii nicaeae oai?aoe/aneee
ooiaeaiaio aeey oao eaeaaeecaoeee, eioi?uie iieueciaaeny Aaeeeae,
ia noiaaoee aua iauynieoue, ia eaeii iniiaaiee iu iiaeai i?e-
iaiyoue iaoaiaoeeo aeey eco/aiey i?e?iaeiuo yaeaiee. Aei Aeaea?oa
ieeoi ia ioaaaeeeny ioiaeaeanoaeoue i?e?iaeo n i?ioyaeaieai, oi
anoue n /enoui eiee/anoaii. Ia neo/aeii eiaiii Aeaea?oii a ia-
eaieaa /enoii aeaea auei nicaeaii i?aaenoaaeaiea i i?e?iaea eae
i aeaaioneie iaoaie/aneie nenoaia, i?eaiaeeiie a aeaeaeaiea ai-
aeanoaaiiui “oie/eii”. Oaeei ia?acii, iaoiae Aeaea?oa ieacaeny
i?aaie/anee naycaiiui n aai iaoaoeceeie.
?aia Aeaea?o e aai o?aeoao
“I?aaeea aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oia”
Eae aeaeii oaea ec naiiai iacaaiey o?aeoaoa, oeaeue aai –
aeaieiay. Ai-ia?auo, ii i?aaeiacia/ai aeey “?oeiaiaenoaa oia” a
iai?aaeaiee aai oniaa?oainoaiaaiey n oai, /oiau iaeaaeaoaeue
oia, aeinoeaioa ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie niaa?oainoaa, eneonno-
aa, niia ioe?uoue, “ec-ia?anoe”, ia?anoe ec naiiai niiniaa
oniaa?oainoaiaaiey oia iooue iiciaiey Enoeiu. Yoi, neaaeiaa-
oaeueii, i?aaeea a eeanne/aneii n?aaeiaaaeiaii niunea, i?aae-
ea a niunea i?eaiia, ii?iaoeaia a?aiaie. Ii a oi aea a?aiy
iie yaeythony i?aaeeaie iaoiaeieiae/aneeie, oa?aeoa?iuie aeey
Iiaiai a?aiaie: enoeia ia aeaia ca?aiaa, aa oieueei neaaeoao
ioe?uoue, ioe?uoue n iiiiuueth iaoiaea, i?oaeey, eioi?ui iiaeao
ainiieueciaaoueny “anyeee … eae au ie aue iin?aaenoaaiai aai
oi”; aeey oniaoiiai ?aoaiey caaea/e – aaanoe eeth/aaia, i?ei-
oeeieaeueii iiaia ?acaeaeaiea ia “ian, niiniaiuo iiciaaaoue”, e
ia iacaaeneiue io ian iauaeoeaiue ie? “naieo aauae, eioi?ua
iiaoo auoue iiciaiu”.
Ioia/aiiay auoa enoi?e/aneay iaiaoiaeeiinoue au/eaiaiey ia-
oiaea a oi?ia iaoiaea iaoaiaoe/aneiai i?aaenoaao a “I?aae-
eao …” eae ea?oeia aioo?eeiae/aneeo caeiiiia?iinoae oai?a-
oe/aneiai ?acaeoey Aeaea?oa – a enoiaeiii, ioi?aaiii ioieoa
yoiai ?acaeoey, a naiai “caiunea”.
Ii caiuneo o?aeoao aeieaeai aue ninoiyoue ec o?ao /anoae,
eaaeaeay ec eioi?uo aeieaeia auea aeeth/aoue 12 “I?aaee”. A ia?aie
/anoe i?aaenoiyei eceiaeeoue nianoaaiii i?eioeeiu iaoiaea; ai
aoi?ie – iieacaoue, eae naeaeaoue yiie?eth iauaeoii oai?aoe/an-
eiai enneaaeiaaiey: iino?ieoue iaoaiaoe/aneoth iiaeaeue oece/an-
eie caaea/e; a o?aoueae /anoe i?aaeiieaaaeinue iieacaoue, eae oa-
eoth caaea/o ?aoaoue. Ii o?aeoao a oii aeaea, a eaeii ii iai ec-
aanoai, ninoieo ec iieiuo ainaiiaaeoeaoe “I?aaee”; neaaeothuea
o?e “I?aaeea” iaicia/aiu eeoue caaieiaeaie, e iinea iaicia-
/aiiiai oaeei ia?acii “I?aaeea XXI” Aeaea?o noaaeo “Eiiaoe”.
I?aaeaea /ai ?annoaeaeaoue aeaeueoa, iiniio?ei, /oi aea i?aaenoaa-
eytho niaie yoe ciaiaieoua i?aaeea.
I?AAEEI I
Oeaeueth iao/iuo caiyoee aeieaeii auoue iai?aaeaiea oia oaeei
ia?acii, /oiau ii auiinee i?i/iua e enoeiiua noaeaeaiey i
anao ano?a/athueony i?aaeiaoao
I?AAEEI II
Ioaeii caieiaoueny oieueei oaeeie i?aaeiaoaie, i eioi?uo
iao oi eaaeaony niiniaiui aeinoe/ue aeinoiaa?iuo e ianii-
iaiiuo iiciaiee
I?AAEEI III
A i?aaeiaoao iaoaai enneaaeiaaiey iaaeeaaeeo iouneeaaoue ia
oi, /oi i ieo aeoiatho ae?oaea eee /oi iu i?aaeiieaaaai i
ieo naie, ii oi, /oi iu ynii e i/aaeaeii iiaeai oniio?aoue
eee iaaeaaeii aeaaeooee?iaaoue, eai ciaiea ia iiaeao auoue aein-
oeaiooi eia/a
I?AAEEI IV
Iaoiae iaiaoiaeei aeey iouneaiey enoeiu
I?AAEEI V
Aanue iaoiae ninoieo a ii?yaeea e ?aciauaiee oiai, ia /oi
aeieaeii auoue iai?aaeaii ino?ea oia a oeaeyo ioe?uoey ea-
eie-eeai enoeiu. Iu no?iai niaethaeai aai, anee aoaeai
iinoaiaiii naiaeeoue oaiiua e niooiua iieiaeaiey e aieaa
i?inoui e caoai iuoaoueny, enoiaey ec eiooeoeee i?inoae-
oeo, ainoiaeeoue ii oai aea nooiaiyi e iiciaieth anao in-
oaeueiuo
I?AAEEI VI
Aeey oiai /oiau ioaeaeyoue iaeaieaa i?inoua aaue io o?oae-
iuo e i?eaea?aeeaaoueny i?e yoii ii?yaeea, iaiaoiaeeii ai
anyeii ?yaea aauae, a eioi?ii iu iaiin?aaenoaaiii auaiaeei
eaeea-eeai enoeiu ec ae?oaeo enoei, neaaeeoue, eaeea ec
ieo yaeythony naiuie i?inouie e eae ionoiyo io ieo ae?o-
aea: aeaeueoa, aeeaea eee iaeeiaeiai
I?AAEEI VII
Aeey caaa?oaiey ciaiey iaaeeaaeeo ana, ioiinyuaany e iaoae
caaea/a, aianoa e ii?iciue iaic?aoue iineaaeiaaoaeueiui e
iai?a?uaiui aeaeaeaieai iunee e ioaaoeoue aeinoaoi/iie e
iaoiaee/aneie yioia?aoeeae
I?AAEEI VIII
Anee a ?yaea enneaaeoaiuo aauae ano?aoeony eaeay-eeai iae-
ia, eioi?oth iao oi ia iiaeao aeinoaoi/ii oi?ioi iiiyoue,
oi ioaeii ia iae inoaiiaeoueny e ia enneaaeiaaoue ae?oaeo,
eaeoueo ca iae, aicaea?aeeaaynue io eeoiaai o?oaea
I?AAEEI IX
Ioaeii ia?auaoue ino?ea oia ia naiua iacia/eoaeueiua e
i?inoua aaue e aeieai inoaiaaeeaaoueny ia ieo, iiea ia
i?eaueiai io/aoeeai e ynii i?ic?aaaoue a ieo enoeio
I?AAEEI X
Aeey oiai /oiau naeaeaoue oi i?iieoeaoaeueiui, iaiaoiaeeii
oi?aaeiyoue aai a enneaaeiaaiee aauae, oaea iaeaeaiiuo ae?o-
aeie, e iaoiaee/anee eco/aoue ana, aeaaea naiua iacia/e-
oaeueiua, eneonnoaa, ii a iniaaiiinoe oa, eioi?ua iauyn-
iytho eee i?aaeiieaaatho ii?yaeie
I?AAEEI XI
Iinea oiai eae iu onaiei ianeieueei i?inouo iieiaeaiee e
auaaaeai ec ieo eaeia-eeai eiia, iieacii iaic?aoue eo io-
oai iineaaeiaaoaeueiiai e iai?a?uaiiai aeaeaeaiey iunee,
iaaeoiaoue eo acaeiiioiioaiey e io/aoeeai i?aaenoaaeoue
iaeiia?aiaiii iaeaieueoaa eo eiee/anoai; aeaaiaea?y yoiio
iaoa ciaiea naeaeaaony aieaa aeinoiaa?iui e iao oi i?eia-
?aoao aieueoee e?oaici?
I?AAEEI XII
Iaeiiaoe, ioaeii eniieueciaaoue ana aniiiiaaoaeueiua n?aaeno-
aa eioaeeaeoa, aiia?aaeaiey, /oanoa e iaiyoe eae aeey io-
/aoeeaie eiooeoeee i?inouo iieiaeaiee e aeey aa?iiai n?aa-
iaiey eneiiiai n ecaanoiui, /oiau oaeei iooai ioe?uoue
aai, oae aua e aeey oiai, /oiau iaoiaeeoue oa iieiaeaiey,
eioi?ua aeieaeiu auoue n?aaieaaaiu iaaeaeo niaie; neiaii, ia
ioaeii i?aiaa?aaaoue ie iaeiei ec n?aaenoa, iaoiaeyueony a
?anii?yaeaiee /aeiaaea
I?AAEEI XIII
Eiaaea iu oi?ioi iiieiaai aii?in, ioaeii inaiaiaeeoue aai
io anao eceeoieo i?aaenoaaeaiee, naanoe aai e i?inoaeoei
yeaiaioai e ?acaeoue aai ia oaeia aea eiee/anoai aiciiae-
iuo /anoae iin?aaenoaii yioia?aoeee
I?AAEEI XIV
Neacaiiia neaaeoao ioianoe e e ?aaeueiiio i?ioyaeaieth oae;
yoi i?ioyaeaiea ioaeii anaoeaei i?aaenoaaeyoue a aeaea i?in-
ouo oeao?: oaeei ia?acii iii naeaeaaony aieaa iiiyoiui
aeey eioaeeaeoa
I?AAEEI XV
Aieueoae /anoueth oaeaea iieacii /a?oeoue yoe oeao?u e i?a-
iiaeiineoue eo aiaoiei /oanoaai, aeey oiai /oiau oaeei ia-
?acii iai auei eaa/a nin?aaeioi/eaaoue aieiaiea iaoaai
oia
I?AAEEI XVI
*oi aea eanaaony ecia?aiee, ia o?aaothueo a aeaiiue iiiaio
aieiaiey iaoaai oia, oioy e iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey caeeth/aiey,
oi eo/oa ecia?aaeaoue eo a aeaea nie?auaiiuo ciaeia, /ai
iieiuo oeao?. Oaeei ia?acii, eiaiii iaiyoue ia aoaeao iai
eciaiyoue e aianoa n oai iuneue ia aoaeao ?aca?anuaaoueny,
/oiau oaea?aeaoue a naaa yoe ecia?aiey, a oi a?aiy eae iia
caiyoa auaaaeaieai ae?oaeo
I?AAEEI XVII
Ano?aoeaoothny o?oaeiinoue iaaei i?iniao?eaaoue i?yii, ia
ia?auay aieiaiey ia oi, /oi iaeioi?ua ec aa oa?ieiia
ecaanoiu, a iaeioi?ua iaecaanoiu, e eiooeoeaii neaaei-
aaoue i?aaeeueiui iooai ii eo acaeiiie caaeneiinoe
I?AAEEI XVIII
Aeey yoie oeaee iaiaoiaeeiu oieueei /aou?a aeaenoaey: neiaea-
iea, au/eoaiea, oiiiaeaiea e aeaeaiea. Aeaoiy iineaaeieie
ec ieo /anoi caeanue aeaaea iao iaaeiaiinoe iieueciaaoueny eae
ai ecaaaeaiea iaioaeiuo oneiaeiaiee, oae e iioiio, /oi a
aeaeueiaeoai iie iiaoo auoue aieaa eaaei auiieieiu
I?AAEEI XIX
Iooai oaeiai iaoiaea au/eneaiee ioaeii iouneeaaoue noieueei
aaee/ei, au?aaeaiiuie aeaoiy ?acee/iuie niiniaaie, neieue-
ei iaecaanoiuo oa?ieiia iu i?aaeiieaaaai ecaanoiuie, aeey
oiai /oiau enneaaeiaaoue o?oaeiinoue i?yiui iooai. Eiaiii
oaeei ia?acii iu iieo/ei noieueei aea n?aaiaiee iaaeaeo
aeaoiy ?aaiuie aaee/eiaie
I?AAEEI XX
Ninoaaea o?aaiaiey, iu aeieaeiu niaa?oeoue ?aiaa ioeiaeai-
iua iaie aeaenoaey, ieeiaaea ia iieuecoynue oiiiaeaieai, an-
ee oianoii aeaeaiea
I?AAEEI XXI
Anee eiaaony iiiai oaeeo o?aaiaiee, oi ioaeii eo i?eaan-
oe ana e iaeiiio, a eiaiii e oiio, oa?ieiu eioi?iai cae-
ioo iaeiaiueoaa eiee/anoai nooiaiae a ?yaea iineaaeiaa-
oaeueii i?iii?oeeiiaeueiuo aaee/ei, aaea iie e aeieaeiu auoue
?annoaaeaiu a niioaaonoaothuai ii?yaeea
I?eaey e auaiaeo, /oi “iaoiae iaiaoiaeei aeey iouneaiey enoe-
iu”, Aeaea?o aieioioth i?enooiaao e aai ?ac?aaioea. “Aeaaiue
nae?ao iaoiaea” ninoieo, ii aai neiaai, a oii, /oi ?anniao?e-
aaaony ia oa eee eiay aauue naia ii naaa ( “ioaeii … eo ia
?anniao?eaaoue eciee?iaaiii iaeio io ae?oaie”), a ?yae aauae, a
eioi?ii iu iaiin?aaenoaaiii auaiaeei eaeea-eeai enoeiu ec ae?o-
aeo enoei”. Aeey yoiai aia/aea iaaei ii?aaeaeeoue, “eaeea ec ieo
yaeythony naiuie i?inouie”, a caoai inoaaony eeoue “neaaeeoue…
eae ionoiyo io ieo ae?oaea: aeaeueoa, aeeaea eee iaeeiaeiai”.
Aeaaiaea?y oiio /oi ia?yaeo n aauaie ?anniao?eaathony e eo
nayce, iaoiaee/aneia aeaeaeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iai?a?uaiue
i?ioeann. Oae, iai?eia?, iaoiaey “iin?aaenoaii ?acee/iuo aeaeno-
aee ioiioaiea nia/aea iaaeaeo aaee/eiaie A e A, caoai iaaeaeo A
e N, iaaeaeo N e D e, iaeiiaoe, iaaeaeo D e E”, aeey oiai /oiau
oeiaeoue eo iauoth naycue e a aeaeueiaeoai o/eouaaoue aa, iaiaoi-
aeeii “iaic?aaaoue eo iooai iineaaeiaaoaeueiiai aeaeaeaiey i?aae-
noaaeaiey oae, /oiau iii i?aaenoaaeyei iaeii ec ieo e a oi aea
a?aiy ia?aoiaeeei au e ae?oaiio”.
Aeaea?o auaeaeyao aeaa iniiaiuo n?aaenoaa iiciaiey: eiooeoeeth
e aeaaeoeoeeth. A aeaeueiaeoai e iei i?eniaaeeiyaony aua e iieiay
yioia?aoeey, eee eiaeoeoeey.
Eiooeoeey – oeaio?aeueiia iieiaeaiea ea?oaceaineiai ?aoeeiia-
eenoe/aneiai iaoiaea, o?aaothuaai yniinoe e io/aoeeainoe eae
aunoaai e ?aoathuaai e?eoa?ey enoeiiinoe. Iiyoiio o/aiea Aea-
ea?oa ia eiooeoeee niaiaaeaao n o/aieai ia “anoanoaaiiii naaoa
?acoia”.
Iiae eiooeoeeae eiaaony a aeaeo “iiiyoea yniiai e aieiaoaeue-
iiai oia, ianoieueei i?inoia e io/aoeeaia, /oi iii ia inoaa-
eyao ieeaeiai niiiaiey a oii, /oi iu iuneei, eee, /oi iaeii e
oi aea, i?i/iia iiiyoea yniiai e aieiaoaeueiiai oia, ii?iaeaeaa-
iia eeoue anoanoaaiiui naaoii ?acoia”.
Eiooeoeey aunooiaao yeaiaioa?iui aeoii iiciaiey e aai
“oi/eie ?inoa”, a naii iiciaiea iiieiaaony eae iineaaeiaa-
oaeueiinoue, oii?yaei/aiiay oeaii/ea eiooeoeee.
Neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi ea?oaceaineay eiooeoeey ia oieueei
ia eiaao ie/aai iauaai n e??aoeeiiaeueiie, ienoe/aneie eiooe-
oeeae n?aaeiaaaeiauo noieanoia, ii ninoaaeyao aa i?yioth i?ioe-
aiiieiaeiinoue.
Eiooeoeey iaoiaeeony a oaniaeoae nayce n aeaaeoeoeeae. Iin?aae-
noaii aeaaeoeoeee iu iiciaai ana, /oi iaiaoiaeeii auaiaeeony ec
/aai-eeai aeinoiaa?ii ecaanoiiai. Aeaaeoeoeey iaiaoiaeeia a neeo
oiai, /oi “anoue iiiai aauae, eioi?ua oioy e ia yaeythony na-
iii/aaeaeiuie, ii aeinooiiu aeinoiaa?iiio iiciaieth, anee oieueei
iie auaiaeyony ec aa?iuo e iiiyoiuo i?eioeeiia iooai iineaaei-
aaoaeueiiai e ieaaea ia i?a?uaathuaainy aeaeaeaiey iunee i?e ci?-
eie eiooeoeee eaaeaeiai ioaeaeueiiai iieiaeaiey”. Oi anoue iiae aea-
aeoeoeeae iiae?acoiaaaaony “eiaiii aeaeaeaiea eee iineaaeiaaoaeue-
iinoue, /aai iao a eiooeoeee”.
Iieiay iaoaiaoe/aeay yioia?aoeey caaa?oaao ia?aoaiiia oa-
eei ia?acii ciaiea.
“Aeey caaa?oaiey ciaiey iaiaoiaeeia yioia?aoeey, oae eae an-
ee ana ae?oaea i?aaeienaiey e niaeaenoaotho ?ac?aoaieth iiiaeo
aii?inia, oi oieueei iin?aaenoaii yioia?aoeee iu iiaeai nicaeaoue
anaaaea i?i/iia e aeinoiaa?iia noaeaeaiea i aauao, n eioi?uie iu
eiaai aeaei. Aeaaiaea?y ae ie/oi niaa?oaiii ia oneieuecaao io
ian e iu ieacuaaainy inaaaeiieaiiuie iiiaiiiao iai anai”.
Ii iia iaeiia?aiaiii e i?iaeieaeaao aai, e aiiaue “ia/eiaao”,
oi anoue iaania/aaao iai?a?uaiia aini?iecaaaeaiea i?ioeanna.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, oi, /oi ioaa/aii eiaeoeoeeae, noaiiaeony aaee-
iie /anoueth ciaiey, inaiaiiie eiooeoeeae; ii oiaaea iu aiiaue
eiaai aeaei n enoiaeiui ia?acii, iinueeie, “noaaouaaaiie” iae-
iei eiooeoeaiui aeoii.
?acaeaathuayny oaeei ia?acii nenoaia ia eaaeaeii oaaa ia?a-
uaaony e naiei iniiaaieyi, iiaeaa?aay eo niiiaieth.
Niiiaiea – “niiiaaathuayny” niiniaiinoue iuoeaiey – aaeei-
noaaiiue aeinoiaa?iue enoi/iee anae nenoaiu ciaiey, e niiia-
iea – aaeeinoaaiiiue niinia ?acaeoey ciaiey.
Niiiaiea, auaoaa aei neo ii? oaeoi?ii ii?aeueiui, noaiiaeo-
ny niiiaieai iaoiaeieiae/aneei, iaoiaee/aneei. Oniiieaoenue ai
anai, Aeaea?o i/euaaony io noieanoe/aneeo aeiai e iiaeao no?i-
eoue naith nenoaio ia iaiiiaeo, ii i?i/iuo iniiaaieyo.
Ii iunee Aeaea?oa, iaoiae yaeyaony i?oaeeai /aeiaaea, e noa-
ia acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaae – iaoiae a i?ioeanna ?aaiou i/aiue
i?inoa e naiaeeony e neaaeothuaio: iaoiae niaa?oainoaoao ii?a-
aeaeaiiua niiniaiinoe /aeiaaea, aeiaiaey naii niaa?oainoai aei
e?aeieo a?aieoe. I?ienoiaeeo yoi a oiaea aiaeeca niiniaiinoae,
ninoiyuaai a naaaeaiee eo e yeaiaioa?iaeoei, aeaeaa ia?an/ea-
iyaiui, i?inoaeoei aeaenoaeyi. Ii a oaeii aeaea iie oa?ytho
anyeoth eiie?aoioth naycue n oie eee eiie eiie?aoiie iniaaiiin-
oueth eiie?aoiiai eiaeeaeaea e noaiiayony a neeo yoiai yeaiaioa-
ie iaoiaea, a oa?ieiieiaee Aeaea?oa – ia?aoatho noaooo i?inoae-
oeo iieiaeaiee, aeneii, ia eioi?uo aace?oaony iaoiae.
Yoi i?oaeeeiue aniaeo eniieueciaaiey iaoiaea, oi anoue ioii-
oaiea noauaeo aeayoaeueiinoe – i?oaeea aeayoaeueiinoe. Ii aaaeiae-
oae /a?oie iaoiaea Aeaea?oa yaeyaony aai ia?auaiiinoue ia iau-
aeo aeayoaeueiinoe – iaoa?eaeueiue ie? a oeaeii. Ii ?anniio?aiea
ioiioaiey noauaeo – iauaeo i?eaiaeeo ian e iniiaiiio aii?ino
oeeinioee, a eiaiii aai aiinaieiae/aneiio aniaeoo. Aeaea?oo,
eae e ethaiio oeeinioo, i?eoiaeeony ?aoeoue aeey naay yoio aii-
?in. Aai oai?ey iiciaiey ae?aooea eceiaeaia a i?aaeea XII. Aio
aa iniiaiua iieiaeaiey.
1. Ioaeii oynieoue naaa oi, /oi ana aiaoiea /oanoaa,
iineieueeo iie ninoaaeytho /anoe oaea, oioy iu e i?eiaiy-
ai eo e iauaeoai iin?aaenoaii aeaenoaey, oi anoue ianoiiai
aeaeaeaiey, iuouatho nianoaaiii eeoue ianneaii, iiaeiaii oi-
io eae aine i?eieiaao oeao?o ia/aoe.
2. Ioaeii oynieoue naaa, /oi iinea oiai eae aiaoiaa /oa-
noai i?eaaaeaii iauaeoii a aeaeaeaiea, aini?eiyoay oeao?a
iiiaioaeueii niiauaaony ae?oaie /anoe oaea, iacuaaaiie
iauei /oanoaeeeuai, e i?eoii oae, /oi ieeaeia anoanoai
ia ia?aoiaeeo ?aaeueii n iaeiiai ianoa ia ae?oaia.
3. Ioaeii naaa oynieoue, /oi iauaa /oanoaeeeua aeaenoaoao
ia oaioaceth, eee aiia?aaeaiea, oae aea, eae ia/aoue ia
aine, caia/aoeaaay oeao?u eee eaeae, eioi?ua i?eoiaeyo e
iai io aiaoieo /oanoa /enouie e aanoaeaniuie.
4. Ioaeii naaa oynieoue, /oi aeaeaeouay neea, eee naie ia?-
au, eiatho naia ia/aei a iicao, aaea iaoiaeeony aiia?aaea-
iea, aicaoaeaeathuaa eo ?aciuie niiniaaie, iiaeiaii oiio,
eae aiaoiaa /oanoai aicaoaeaeaao iauaa /oanoaeeeua.
5. Ioaeii naaa oynieoue, /oi neea, iin?aaenoaii eioi?ie
iu nianoaaiii iiciaai aaue, yaeyaony /enoi aeooiaiie,
ioee/athuaeny io anaai oaeaniiai ia iaiaa, /ai e?iaue io
einoae eee ?oea io aeaca, aaeeinoaaiiie a naiai ?iaea,
oioy iia aianoa n oaioaceae oi aini?eieiaao oeao?u, en-
oiaeyuea io iauaai /oanoaeeeua, oi iia?e?oao oeao?aie,
nio?aiythueieny a iaiyoe, oi nicaeaao iiaua.
Iaeuecy ia ioiaoeoue aeoaeenoe/iinoe aeaea?oiai iiaeoiaea, ii
ia aoaeai oaeoaeyoueny a yoio aii?in.
Aeaea?oia iaoiae caaeaao niinia naaaeaiey (?aa?anna) e “i?in-
oaeoei” (aeneiiai-enoiaeiui aaiiao?e/aneei ia?acai), e yoei
?aa?annii yaeyaony aeieacaoaeuenoai. Auaaaeaiea ec “i?inoaeoeo”
yaeyaony ia?auaieai aeieacaoaeuenoaa e i?ioaeaao ia?aeeaeueii
iineaaeiaio. Iii, ii au?aaeaieth Aeaea?oa, aica?auaaony ii oai
aea “nooiaiyi”. I?ienoiaeeo yoi ii i?aaeeai auaiaea, ia?aoaiiui
a eiia/iie oi/ea ?aa?anna, a ioieoa “aica?aoa”, e iicaieyao
iniciaoue naii aeieacaoaeuenoai. Aio ii/aio auaiae e oiaeaeanoaai
(“ii oai aea nooiaiyi”), e ia oiaeaeanoaai (“iniciaiea”) aeiea-
caoaeuenoao.
Noaia ?aoaiey caaea/, i?aaeeaaaaiay Aeaea?oii a i?aeoe/anee
iaeciaiiii aeaea aeaenoaoao e nae/an. Iia caeeth/aaony a neaaeo-
thuai. Nia/aea noi?ioee?iaaoue caaea/o a oii aeaea, a eaeii iia
aeaia. Caoai iino?ieoue iaoaiaoe/aneoth iiaeaeue, oi anoue auie-
naoue o?aaiaiey iienuaathuea caaea/o. Iioii neaaeoao ?aoaoue eeoue
iaoaiaoe/aneoth caaea/o, ioaeaeaynue io aa eiie?aoiiai niaea?aea-
iey. Eiaaea ?aoaiea iieo/aii, aai iaaei i?ieioa?i?aoe?iaaoue
aeey eiie?aoiiai i?eeiaeaiey.
Anee ia?aua i?aaeea iienuaatho niuenoaaiii iaoiae, oi anoue
eae iaeoe caaea/o, eae naanoe aa e aieaa i?inoie e o.ae. , oi
caeeth/eoaeueiua i?aaeea iieacuaatho eae ?aoaoue iaoaiaoe/aneoth
caaea/o. Aeaea?o aeaeeo anaiauaa caeaiea iaoee a aeaea “Oieaa?-
naeueiie iaoaiaoeee”, iiyoiio iaoaeeaeoaeueii, /oi ii oaeaeyao
iaoaiaoeea iiiai ianoa a naieo enneaaeiaaieyo. Caeanue aio i?e-
iaaeeaaeao iiiaea caia/aoaeueiua aeinoeaeaiey. Aaaaeaiea ia?aiai-
iie aaee/eiu auei iiai?ioiui ioieoii a iaoaiaoeea. Nenoaia
eii?aeeiao, iinyuay eiy Aeaea?oa, iicaieeea oa?aeoa?eciaaoue
oi/ee /eneaie (eii?aeeiaoaie) e ii?iaeeea eiioeaioeeth iaoaiaoe-
ee, niaeanii eioi?ie aeaaa?a yaeyaony niiniaii iiieiaiey aa-
iiao?ee. Aeaea?o aaae iiiaeanoai oaeiaiuo iaicia/aiee. Nicaeae
oai?eth i?iii?oeeiiaeueiuo ioiioaiee e iiiaia ae?oaia.
N aaaaeaieai eii?aeeiao aeaeaeaiea nieiaaony a oa?ieiao i?i-
oyaeaiiinoe (i?ino?ainoaa), a aaiiao?e/aneii ia?aca e?eaie
eeiee. A?aiy, eae oaeiaia, eneeth/aaony. Iii oiaea i?aaenoaaey-
aony eae iaeia ec i?ino?ainoaaiiuo (i?ioyaeaiiuo) oa?aeoa?en-
oee aeaeaeaiey, eae aai eii?aeeiaoa ia ine (a?aiaie): aai aaee-
/eia caaeaaony io?aceii i?yiie (a i?yiieeiaeiie nenoaia eii?-
aeeiao). Inaiaiaeaeaiiay io iaiaoiaeeiinoe auoue “naiie naaa ia-
oiaeii”, aaiiao?ey ieii/aoaeueii iiaeiuaao oeceeo, e aeey aein-
oeaeaiey eaeaaea oaia?ue inoaaony ?aaeeciaaoue ana oiaeaeanoai a
ianooaaao Anaeaiiie: Aeaea?o anei?a (1630 a.) i?eieiaaony ca
iaienaiea aeaaioneiai “Ie?a”.
“I?aaeea aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oia” eiatho ia?iiiia oeeinioneia,
iaoiaeieiae/aneia e iaoaiaoe/aneia cia/aiea. Eaaeaeue ?ac, eia-
aea nia?aiaiiue eiaee eee iaoaiaoee ia?auaao aieiaiea ia oi,
eae niaa?oathony ioe?uoey eee ecia?aoaiey, ii iaeciaiii ia?a-
uaaony e “I?aaeeai …” Aeaea?oa.
Aeae. Iiea aiai?eo:
“N oa/aieai a?aiaie nai Aeaea?o aeieaeai aue i?eciaoue, /oi
eiathony neo/ae, eiaaea aai noaia yaeyaony iai?eaiaeiie. A ia-
ia?aiee, iieiaeaiiii a iniiao noaiu Aeaea?oa, iiaeii oniio?aoue
ia/oi aeoaiei i?aaeeueiia. Iaeiaei, i?aoai?eoue yoi iaia?aiea
ieacaeinue i/aiue o?oaeii … I?iaeo Aeaea?oa iioa?iae iaoaea/o,
iaeiaei, yoi aue aaeeeee i?iaeo, e, aeaaea inoaaoenue ia?aaeeci-
aaiiui, ii ieacae aieueoaa aeeyiea ia iaoeo, /ai ouny/a iaeuo
i?iaeoia, a oii /enea oaeeo, eioi?ua oaeaeinue ?aaeeciaaoue”.
Oioy “I?aaeea …” – iaeii ec ia?auo ni/eiaiee Aeaea?oa,
iie iienoeia iaen/a?iaaiu, e a ieo, a “caiunea” eae ?aaeeci-
aaiiuo, oae e ia inouanoaeaiiuo eaeae, iaaeaaeae e no?aieaiee,
i?aaenoaaeai ii/oe aanue a?yaeouee Ea?oacee.
Ia?a/aiue eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
1. Aeaea?o ?. “Eca?aiiua ni/eiaiey”
2. Eyoea? ss.A. “Aeaea?o”
3. Nieieia A.A. “Oeeinioey ?aia Aeaea?oa”
4. Aaaaeaiea a oeeinioeth. o/aaiee i/? O?ieiaa /.1
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U
1. _2Aeaea?o ?._0 Ni/eiaiey a aeaoo oiiao. Oii 1.- I.: Iuneue,
1989.
– 654n.
2. _2Aiaiiieia A._0 Ao?aeoaciay oeeinioey eaioia e ia/aea eiia?ea-
eecia. I.:Aunoay oeiea, 1977.-421n.
3. _2?aaeoaei A. _0Oeeinioey. I.:Aeaaeic, 1995.
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