Eieeaaeae ? 1 i?e AAO
AeIEEAAe
Aeaeii Iaeia?ae Eaein
?aaioo auiieiee: Aiae?inia Aeieo?ee
?aoeaicaio :
ioeaiea :
Ai?iiaae
1997
Aeaeii Iaeia?ae Eaein
1883—1946
A enoi?ee yeiiiie/aneie iaoee eiy Aeaeiia Iaeia?aea Eaeina noieo a
?yaeo o/aiuo , ieacaaoeo iaeaieueoaa aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea nia?aiaiiiai ei
iauanoaa . Eaein noae ciaiaieo e ii/eoaai aua i?e aeecie , a
iaeanoi/aiiua nii?u ii iiaiaeo aai acaeyaeia ia ooeoatho e naaiaeiy .
Aeaei a oii , /oi yeiiiie/aneay oai?ey Eaeina ?iaeeeanue eae i?yiie
ioaao ia iaeaieaa io/eoaeueiua aii?inu ?uii/iie yeiiiieee OO aaea .
A eiioea 20-o ia/aea 30-o aiaeia yeiiiieeo NOA ii?acee aeoaieee
e?ecen . Yoio e?ecen ioaaoee ia oieueei aia?eeaineoth yeiiiieeo
–aa?iiaeneea no?aiu oiaea auee iiaeaa?aeaiu e?eceno , i?e/ai a Aa?iia
yoio e?ecen ia/aeny aeaaea ?aiueoa /ai a NOA .
Iai?eia? a Aiaeee iauai i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ca 1929-1933 aa.
nie?aoeeny ii/oe ia /aoaa?oue , i?iecaiaenoai /oaoia oiaei a aeaa ?aca ,
a noaeia – o?aaeeoeeiiiie aiaeeeneie i?iaeoeoeee – a ainaiue ?ac !
?oeiaiaeeoaee e yeiiiienou aaaeoueo no?ai ie?a eeoi?aaei/ii eneaee
niiniau auoiaea ec e?ecena . Oaeie auoiae i?aaeeiaeee ei Eaein ,
iioaeeeiaaa a 1936 aiaeo eieao “Iauay oai?ey caiyoinoe, i?ioeaioa e
aeaiaa “ , noaaooth n?aco ciaiaieoie .
Iooue Eaeina e yoie eieaa aue aeieaei e iaiieiaiiui naiuie ?aciuie
niauoeyie .
“Iioiinoaaiiue” o/aiue-yeiiiieno – aai ioaoe aue i?ioanni?ii
yeiiiieee – ii , oai ia iaiaa ieeiaaea ia ia?aie/eaae naieo eioa?ania
“/enoie” iaoeie . Aai anaaaea oyioei e i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ,
eioi?ie ii caieiaeny anth naith aeeciue n iaiaeui oniaoii .
Oi?aaeyy oeiainaie Ei?ieaaneiai eieeaaeaea a Eaia?eaeaea , ii noiae
oae eie ?anii?yaeeoueny , /oi iaania/ee eieeaaeaeo aanueia cia/eoaeueiue
aeioiae .
Eaein oniaoii aae e naie ee/iua oeiainiaua aeaea . Iia?aoeee n
eiino?aiiie aaethoie naeaeaee aai aeinoaoi/ii aiaaoui /aeiaaeii. Yoi
ninoiyiea iicaieeei aio , a /anoiinoe , caieiaoueny iiaeaea?aeeie
eeanne/aneiai aaeaoa . Iaiaeoth ?ieue a yoii nua?aea aai aeaia –
ecaanoiay ?onneay aaea?eia Eiiooiaa . Aeiaaeinue Eaeino aicaeaaeyoue e
/anoiua oe?iu : no?aoiaoth , a iioii e eiaanoeoeeiiioth eiiiaieth .
I?eciaieai aai aeaeiaie e iao/iie ?aiooaoeee noaei iacia/aiea
iaeiei ec aee?aeoi?ia Aiaeeeneiai aaiea – iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea no?aiu ,
a caoai i?enaiaiea aio ei?ieaaie oeooea ei?aea – iy?a Aiaeee . Yoa
iaa?aaea auea e i?eciaieai aai ia?iiiuo caneoa ia?aae Aaeeeia?eoaieae ,
eioi?ie ii aa?ii neoaeee aei naiie nia?oe , aucaaiiie /oaeiaeuiie
ia?aa?oceie ec-ca iiiai/eneaiiuo i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo , iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo e
iao/iuo iaycaiiinoae , eioi?ua ii eniieiye ia i?aaeaea naieo nee .
E ana-oaee a enoi?eth Eaein aioae ia eae aaiee? , aaethoiue aeaeaoe
, i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiue /eiiaiee eee iaoeaiao aaeaoa . Aai neaaa i?aaeaea
anaai naycaia n iiaui acaeyaeii ia ?ieue ainoaea?noaa a yeiiiieea .
Eaein e aai iineaaeiaaoaee – iao/iay oeiea eaeineaioeaa – i?eoee e
auaiaeo , /oi ia iuiaoiai yoaia ?acaeoey ?uii/iie yeiiiieee ainoaea?noai
aeieaeii ea?aoue eoaea aieaa aeoeaioth ?ieue . Yoa ?ieue caeeth/aaony a
iiiu?aiee ?acaeoey yeiiiieee e ni?ina , n eniieueciaaieai aeaiaaeiuo
eino?oiaioia .
Eaein ooaa?aeaeae , /oi ainoaea?noai iiaeao ni?aaeoueny n
yeiiiie/aneeie e?ecenaie . Aio oieueei iaiaoiaeeii oi?aaeyoue oaie
yeiiiie/aneeie ?u/aaaie , oaie ia?aiaiiuie oicyenoaaiiuie aaee/eiaie ,
“eioi?ua iiaoo iaoiaeeoueny iiae niciaoaeueiui eiio?ieai eee oi?aaeaieai
oeaio?aeueiie aeanoe a oie ?aaeueiie nenoaia , a eioi?ie iu aeeaai” .
Aaaeiaeoei oaeei ?u/aaii , oaeie “ia?aiaiiie” Eaein n/eoae aeaiueae ,
oae eae iie , ii aai neiaai , “yaeythony naycothuei caaiii iaaeaeo
ianoiyuei e aoaeouei “. Ooaaoeaoenue ca yoi caaii , ainoaea?noai iiaeao
“i?eoyiooue” e ianoiyuaio oio aa?eaio aoaeouaai ?acaeoey yeiiiieee ,
eioi?ue aeaeaoaeai aeey no?aiu . A yoii neo/aa aeaiueae iiaoo noaoue
“iaiae?ythuei iaieoeii , noeioee?othuei ?acaeoea yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu”.
?aoeaio aea yoiai “aiae?yuaai eaeineaineiai iaieoea”—iinoiyiii , ii
oia?aiii ?anoouea oeaiu e aeioiaeu , /oi ?anoe?yao ?aiee ?uiea e
iicaieyao ia?aueaaoue iauaiu i?iecaiaenoaa , a oaeaea nie?auaao
aac?aaioeoeo .
Eaein ?aeiiaiaeiaae aeoeaiia aeiaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoa a
yeiiiieeo aeey noeioee?iaaiey aa ?acaeoey /a?ac iiauoaiea “yooaeoeaiiai
ni?ina” , i?e/ai aac ?inoa ainoaea?noaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe .
Eaeae Eaeina iieo/eee oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea e aeoeaii
eniieueciaaeenue ia i?aeoeea ( a oii /enea iaeioi?uie i?aceaeai- oaie
NOA ).
Aeaaea ia ai anai iiaeoaa?aeeaoenue , iie iiiiaee iiiaei ?acaeoui
no?aiai nicaeaoue ai aoi?ie iieiaeia OO aaea iiaua iaoaieciu
?aaoee?iaaiey ?uii/iie yeiiiieee , i?aaeioa?auathuea e?ecenu , iiaeiaiua
aeai?annee 30-o aiaeia .
AN?
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