Aeayoaeueiinoue IOI-OIA a aiaeu Aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu e eo ioiioaiea e
Aa?iaiee e NNN?
Oe?aeineea eioaa?aeueiua iaoeeiiaeenou n yiooceaciii i?eaaonoaiaaee
iaiaaeaiea Aa?iaiee ia NNN?, aeaey a yoii niauoee iiiaiiaauathuoth
aiciiaeiinoue aeey ia?aciaaiey iacaaeneiiai oe?aeineiai ainoaea?noaa.
Iaeiaei oioy IOI e iaioeu eiaee iauaai a?aaa, eo eioa?anu e oeaee auee
i?inoi ianiiinoaaeiu. Iaioeai IOI i?aaenoaaeyeanue iieaciie aeaaiui
ia?acii eae aeeaa?neiiiay neea, niiniaiay iionoioaoue oueu niaaoneie
a?iee. Ni naiae noi?iiu eioaa?aeueiua iaoeeiiaeenou, nianai iaaeaaii
ia?aaeeaoea ?aci/a?iaaiea a Aeoea?a a nayce n aai iiaaaeaieai
ioiineoaeueii Ea?iaoneie Oe?aeiu, yaii ia no?aieeenue neoaeeoue i?oaeeai
Aa?eeia; a eo iaia?aiey aoiaeeei eniieueciaaoue aieio aeey
?ani?ino?aiaiey nianoaaiiiai aeeyiey a Oe?aeia. Oaeei ia?acii, eaaeaeay
noi?iia niae?aeanue eniieueciaaoue ae?oaoth a naieo, /anoi
acaeiieneeth/athueo, oeaeyo.
A ia?aua aea aeie iaiaoeeiai aoi?aeaiey a Oe?aeio eiioeeeo eioa?ania
iaoeenoia e eioaa?aeueiuo iaoeeiiaeenoia auoae ia ia?aaeiee ieai. Ni
niaeinoueth, a?aie/auae n aac?annoaenoaii, IOI-A, iiaeaea?aeaiiay
«Iaooeaaeai», ia niaeaniaaa n iaioeaie naiaai ?aoaiey, i?aaei?eiyea
aea?ceee oaa, i?iaicaeanea 30 ethiy 1941 a. a oieueei /oi acyoii Eueaiaa
Oe?aeineia ainoaea?noai. I?aiuea?ii aue eca?ai aeeaeaeoee ni?aoiee
Aaiaea?u ss?ineaa Noaoeueei. IOI-A iioea aa-aaie, iieaaay, /oi iaioeu
nei?aa i?eioo yoo aeoeeth eae naa?oeaoeeny oaeo, /ai iieaeoo ia
eiio?iioaoeeth a naiii ia/aea aoi?aeaiey. [4, n.481]
Ninoaaeythuae aeaeaeaiey nii?ioeaeaiey a oueo oaoenoia iinea iaoaea/iie
iiiuoee 30 ethiy 1941 a. i?iaicaeaoaiey ai Eueaiaa naiinoiyoaeueiiai
Oe?aeineiai ainoaea?noaa noaee aeaenoaey ii?aaeaeaiiie /anoe
I?aaiecaoeee oe?aeineeo iaoeeiiaeenoia (IOI) e Oe?aeineie iianoai/aneie
a?iee (OIA).
A eaioi aoi?aeaiey iaiaoeeeo aiene a NNN? iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneia aeaeaeaiea
oaea auei nouanoaaiii ?aneieioi. Nianoaaiii aioo?aiiee eiioeeeo a IOI
nouanoaiaae a oa/aiea aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie, ii iaaeo?aeoeeiiiay ai?ueaa
iniaaiii caino?eeanue iinea oaeenoaa a iaa 1938 a. eeaea?a i?aaiecaoeee
A.Eiiiaaeueoea. Eiaiii n yoiai ia?eiaea iioei ?anoiaeaeaiea iaaeaeo
aaoa?aiaie — /eaiaie I?aaiecaoeee Oe?aeineeo Iaoeeiiaeenoia (IOI)
(Iaeueiee, Aa?aiianeee, Nooei, Noeeai?neee e ae?.), /oi aieueoae
/anoueth iaoiaeeeenue a yiea?aoeee, e iieiaeaaeueth — ?aaeeeaeueiuie
aiaaeeaie, eioi?ua aicaeaaeyee iiaeiieueioth ai?ueao a
caiaaeiioe?aeineeo caieyo (Aaiaea?a, Noaoeei, Oooaae/ e ae?.). A iniiaa
eiioeeeoa eaaeaea ai?ueaa ca aeanoue e aeeyiea a i?aaiecaoeee, aai
iaino?aieth niinianoaiaaee aic?anoiay ?acieoea, iai?yaeaiiua ee/iua
ioiioaiey, nouanoaaiiua ?anoiaeaeaiey a aii?inao oaeoeee ai?ueau.
Iieiaeua ?aaeeeaeu o?aaiaaee io eeaea?ia IOI ia?aniio?aoue iieeoeeo IOI
ioiineoaeueii i?eaioaoeee eeoue ia iaeii ainoaea?noai (a /anoiinoe,
Aa?iaieth), iaeaaeeoue eiioaeou n caiaaeiuie no?aiaie, nin?aaeioi/eoue
ana oneeey ia ai?ueaa nianoaaiii a Oe?aeia, ?acai?a/eaaoue
?aaiethoeeiiioth aeayoaeueiinoue, iaace?ay ia iioa?e io ?ai?annee
niaaoneie aeanoe. *eaiu aea i?iaiaea IOI, ethaee noa?oaai aic?anoa,
neeiiyeenue a iniiaiii e oia?aiiui aeaenoaeyi. E?iia yoiai,
?acaa?ouaaiea e oaeoaeaiea eiioeeeoa iaoneiaeei oi, /oi ai a?aiy
iaiaoeei-iieueneie aieiu aaiaea?iaoeu yeiau caoaaoeee aeieoiaiou
iieueneie ?acaaaeee e onoaiiaeee i?e/anoiinoue /eaiia i?aaiecaoeee IOI
Naieea, Noeeai?neiai e Aa?aiianeiai e nio?oaeie/anoao n iieueneie
?acaaaeeie.
A aaaonoa 1939 a. a ?eia i?iecioae Aoi?ie Aieueoie nai? IOI, ia eioi?ii
aeiieie?iaaee noi?iiieee A. Iaeueieea, eioi?ue e aue ooaa?aeaeai
eeaea?ii i?aaiecaoeee. Ioaaoii iieiaeuo ?aaeeeaeia ia iaonooi/eainoue
aaoa?aiia noae nicua a oaa?aea 1940 a. a E?aeiaa nianoaaiiie
eiioa?aioeee, eioi?ay ia oieueei ia i?eciaea ?aoaiee ?eineiai nai?a, ii
e noi?ie?iaaea ?aaiethoeeiiioth i?aaiecaoeeth IOI ai aeaaa n N.
Aaiaea?ie. N yoiai iiiaioa ia/eiaaony iaeiia?aiaiiia nouanoaiaaiea aeaoo
oe?aeineeo iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee: IOI-?, eee IOI-A —
?aaiethoeeiiiay, eia/a aaiaea?ianeay, e IOI-I — iaeueieeianeay.
Inoaaaynue aa?iuie a iauai iaoeeiiaeecio, iaa i?aaiecaoeee noaaeee
ia?aae niaie iaeio oeaeue — iacaaeneiinoue Oe?aeiu, iaeiaei acaeyaeu ia
iooe aa aeinoeaeaiey nouanoaaiii ioee/aeenue. Anee iaeueieeiaoeu
?ann/eouaaee ia cia/eoaeueioth iiiiuue Aa?iaiee a ?aoaiee oe?aeineiai
aii?ina, oi noi?iiieee Aaiaea?u n/eoaee, /oi oe?aeineia ainoaea?noai
iiaeao auoue onoaiiaeaii eeoue a ?acoeueoaoa iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaiethoeee,
a oiaea eioi?ie ?ann/eouaaoue iiaeii eeoue «ia nianoaaiiua neeu
oe?aeineiai ia?iaea, ioa?inea a oeaeii i?eaioaoeeth ia /oaeea neeu». A
yoi a?aiy aaiaea?iaoeu ia io?eoeaee aeaaea ai?ueau n Aa?iaieae. Iaeiaei
n i?eaeeaeaieai iaiaaeaiey Aeoea?a ia NNN? iaa oa/aiey IOI naeaeaee
noaaeo ia Aa?iaieth. Oaeay yaiethoeey iiceoeee iauyniyaony, i/aaeaeii,
ia ea?aeeiaeueiui eciaiaieai acaeyaeia, a i?inoi iiiuoeaie iaeneiaeueii
eniieueciaaoue ana oaeoi?u, eioi?ua, ii iiaieth aaiaea?ianeie
i?aaiecaoeee, iiaee niinianoaiaaoue noaiiaeaieth oe?aeineie
ainoaea?noaaiiinoe. Iin?aaenoaii iaiaoeeiai aiaiiiai eiiaiaeiaaiey IOI-A
noi?ie?iaaea «Eaaeii oe?aeineeo iaoeeiiaeenoia», eioi?ue ninoiye ec
aeaoo iiae?acaeaeaiee — «Iaooeaaeue» e «?ieaiae». *eneaiiinoue eaaeiia
auea iacia/eoaeueiie — ieiei 600 nieaeao. Iaioeu ieaie?iaaee
eniieueciaaoue yoe oe?aeineea /anoe aeey io?aiu e ea?aoaeueiuo aeoeee ia
ieeoie?iaaiiie oa??eoi?ee. Aaiaea?a aea aeaeae a ieo yae?i aoaeouae
iaoeeiiaeueiie a?iee e n?aaenoai ?ani?ino?aiaiey aeeyiey IOI-A.
Neooaoeeth, eioi?ay neiaeeeanue a ioiioaieyo iaaeaeo IOI e ?oeiaiaenoaii
o?aoueaai ?aeoa, iaoei oa?aeoa?ecoao ecaanoiue enoi?ee I. Noaoaeueiee:
«eaaeaeay noi?iia no?aieeanue eniieueciaaoue ae?oaoth a naieo
nianoaaiiuo, /anoi i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo oeaeyo».
N ia/aeii aiaauo aeaenoaee Aa?iaiee i?ioea NNN? IOI-A ia?aoea e
?aoeoaeueiui aeoeeyi. 30 ethiy 1941 a. a oieueei /oi caoaa/aiiii
iaioeaie Eueaiaa, iie?aynue ia «Iaooeaaeue» e aii?oaeaiiua a?oiiu
aiaaeeia, aaiaea?iaoeu i?iaaee a aeiia «I?inaaoeoaeuenoaa» Oe?aeineea
iaoeeiiaeueiua nia?aiey, eioi?ua i?eiyee Aeo i aiciaiiaeaiee Oe?aeineiai
Ainoaea?noaa. Auei eca?aii Oe?aeineia ainoaea?noaaiiia i?aaeaiea ai
aeaaa n ni?aoieeii Aaiaea?u — ss. Noaoeei. Iaii?aaeaeaiiia ioiioaiea
iaiaoeeie noi?iiu e iaoeeiiaeeoe/aneiio aeaeaeaieth, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
ii?iaeaeaea o ioiiaoeaa eeethcee i aiciiaeiinoe nio?oaeie/anoaa n
aeoea?iaoeaie, n ae?oaie — nicaeaaaea ii?aaeaeaiiia i?ino?ainoai aeey
iaiaa?a, aeey aeoeaiuo ainoaea?noaaiii-niceaeaoaeueiuo aeaenoaee.
Iaeiaei Aaiaea?a e aai ni?aoieee ioeaeenue a ioeaiea neooaoeee.
?aaeoeey Aa?eeia ia ainnoaiiaeaiea oe?aeineie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe auea
auno?ie e ?aceie. Anei?a N. Aaiaea?o, ss. Noaoeei e ae?oaeo eeaea?ia
IOI-A a?anoiaee e ioi?aaeee a Aa?eei. E?iia yoiai, aeoea?iaoeaie auei
a?anoiaaii 300 /eaiia IOI, ec eioi?uo anei?a 15 auei ?anno?aeyii. Iinea
ioeaca iocuaaoue Aeo i ainnoaiiaeaiee Oe?aeineiai ainoaea?noaa, N.
Aaiaea?a iieoi?a aiaea i?iaae a aa?eeineie oth?ueia, a caoai aieioue aei
naioya?y 1944 a. iaoiaeeeny a eiioeeaaa?yo Caenaiaaocai e I?aieaiao?a.
IOI-I ?aoeoaeueii ioiaaeaaaeny io eueaianeie aeoeee aaiaea?iaoeaa. Oaea
6 ethey 1941 a. A. Iaeueiee iineae Aeoea?o ienueii, a eioi?ii aii?in
iacaaeneiinoe Oe?aeiu ia cao?aaeaaeny, a iiae/a?eeaaeanue
aa?iiiiaeaeaiiay iiceoeey IOI-I. E oioy iaioeu niaeaneeenue nicaeaoue
aeeaeceth NN, eioi?ay ninoiyea ec oe?aeioeaa Aaee/eiu, eeoue iinea
Noaeeia?aaeneie aeoau eiyeueiinoue iaeueieeiaoeaa auea caia/aia o?aoueei
?aeoii e iie iieo/eee ii?aaeaeaiioth naiaiaeo aeaenoaee. Eiioeaio?e?oy
naie neeu a aieueoeo ai?iaeao, iniaaiii a Eeaaa, IOI-I i?aaieciauaaea
ianoiia naiioi?aaeaiea, aniiiiaaoaeueioth iieeoeeth, iauanoaaiiua
i?aaiecaoeee. 5 ieoya?y 1941 a. aue ia?aciaai Oe?aeineee Iaoeeiiaeueiue
Niaao ai aeaaa n I. Aaee/eiaenneei eae i?aaenoaaeoaeueneee i?aai
oe?aeineiai ia?iaea aeey iiaeaioiaee oi?ie?iaaiey iaoeeiiaeueiiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa, Iaeiaei ana yoe iiiuoee oe?aeineeo iaoeeiiaeenoia,
iai?aaeaiiua ia iinoaiaiiia ainnoaiiaeaiea oe?aeineiai ainoaea?noaa ,
i?ioeai?a/eee ieaiai aeoea?iaoeaa. Iiyoiio oaea a naioya?a 1941 a.
i?ioea aieia a?anoia aaiaea?iaoeaa, a a aeaeaa?a ia/aeenue ?ai?annee
i?ioea iaeueieeiaoeaa. IOI ooea a iiaeiieuea.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, e IOI-A e IOI-I noaaeee oeaeueth iacaaeneiinoue
Oe?aeiu, iaeiaei iooe aa aeinoeaeaiey nouanoaaiii ioee/aeenue.
?aaeeeaeueii iano?iaiiua aaiaea?iaoeu auee iieeiiieeaie ?aoeoaeueiuo
aeaenoaee, nii?ioeaeaiey nianoaaiiuie neeaie, n/eoay iacia/eoaeueiie
aniiiiaaoaeueiith ?ieue aiaoieo oaeoi?ia a i?ioeanna noaiiaeaiey
oe?aeineie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe. Oia?aiiua iaeueieeiaoeu aeaeaee noaaeo ia
iinoaiaiiia, «iieco/aa» onoaiiaeaiea nianoaaiiiai eiio?iey ia oe?aeineeo
caieyo e ainnoaiiaeaiea iaoeeiiaeueiiai ainoaea?noaa. Iaeueieeiaoeu a
iniiaiii ?ann/eouaaee ia cia/eoaeueioth iiiiuue ni noi?iiu Aa?iaiee. Yoa
i?eaioaoeey i?eaaea e oiio, /oi a?aaeaeaineea no?oeoo?u, nicaeaiiua
IOI-I, iinoaiaiii i?aa?aoeeenue a /anoue ieeoiaoeeiiiiai aiia?aoa. Ia
aeaeay ooaa?aeaeaiey a Oe?aeia ethaie iiaeaee ainoaea?noaaiiinoe, o?aoee
?aeo anei?a ia?aoae e ?ai?anneyi i?ioea iaieo ioaaoaeaiee IOI.
Enoi?ey oi?ie?iaaiey Oe?aeineie iianoai/aneie a?iee (OIA) aeinoaoi/ii
neiaeiay, iaiaeiicia/iay e aua e aei neo ii? niaea?aeeo iaiaei «aaeuo
iyoai». Aua a aaaonoa 1941 a. Oa?an Aoeueaa-Ai?iaaoeue iauyaee naay
aeaaiui aoaiaiii Oe?aeiu, eaeaeiui ianeaaeieeii e i?iaeieaeaoaeai aeaea
N. Iaoeth?e e i?aaieciaae ia?aaoey?iia oi?ie?iaaiea oe?aeineie ieeeoeee.
Oi?ie?iaaiea iacuaaeinue «Iieanneay Na/ue» e aeaenoaiaaei ia oa??eoi?ee
Iieanuey e Aieuie. Nia/aea na/aaeee, eioi?ua ian/eouaaee 2—3 oun.
aienea, ai?ieenue n inoaoeaie E?aniie a?iee. Eiaaea aea iaioeu
iii?iaiaaee a eiioea 1941 a. ?anionoeoue yoi oi?ie?iaaiea, iie ia?aoee e
ia?oecaineie ai?ueaa. Anei?a «Iieanneay Na/ue» auea ia?aeiaiiaaia a
Oe?aeineoth iianoai/aneoth a?ieth (OIA), eioi?ay aaea aiaaua aeaenoaey
eae i?ioea niaaoneeo ia?oecai, oae e i?ioea oaoenoia. Iacaaiea OIA a yoi
a?aiy ioia?aaeaei ia noieueei ?aaeueiia ninoiyiea aeae, neieueei oeaeue,
eioi?oth noaaee ia?aae niaie O. Aoeueaa-Ai?iaaoeue. Ii n/eoae, /oi
«?aaiethoeeiiiay a?iey… aeieaeia yaiethoeeiie?iaaoue… io ia?oecaiee
e ?aaoey?iie a?iee, iiae/eiaiiie ii?aaeaeaiiie ainoaea?noaaiiie
eiioeaioeee».
Iinea iaoaea/iie iiiuoee 30 ethiy 1941 a. i?iaicaeaneoue ainnoaiiaeaiea
naiinoiyoaeueiiai Oe?aeineiai ainoaea?noaa e aieiu ?ai?annee IOI ooea a
iiaeiieuea. «Oe?aeineea iaoeeiiaeenou, — iiae/a?eeaae a naia a?aiy N.
Aaiaea?a, — a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue caueuatho eioa?anu naiaai nianoaaiiiai
ia?iaea. Aeaaea anee i?e anooieaiee a Oe?aeio iaiaoeeea aienea aoaeoo
aini?eieiaoueny eae inaiaiaeeoaee, oaeia ia?auaiea iiaeao auno?i
eciaieoueny, anee Aa?iaiey aieaeao aac iaia?aiey onoaiiaeoue Oe?aeineia
ainoaea?noai e aac niioaaonoaothueo eicoiaia. Anyeia ianeeea auciaao
nii?ioeaeaiea».
Noaiiaeaiea ioiianeiai ia?oecaineiai aeaeaeaiey ia/aeinue a na?aaeeia
1942 a. Iinea aieiu ianniaiai aeaca?oe?noaa ec ?yaeia oe?aeineie
iieeoeee aaniie a 1943 a. aiaiiua oi?ie?iaaiey cia/eoaeueii au?inee e
nia/aea iacuaaeenue Oe?aeineay inaiaiaeeoaeueiay a?iey (OAA), a anei?a
acyee iiioey?ioth oaea e oiio a?aiaie iacaaiea — Oe?aeineay
iianoai/aneay a?iey. Aicaeaaee aa ?iiai Oooaae/ (Oa?an *oi?eiea).
A na?aaeeia 1943 a. OIA N. Aaiaea?u ianeeuenoaaiii aiaeaeea a naie
ninoaa ii/oe ana io?yaeu O. Aoeueau-Ai?iaoea e /anoe IOI A. Iaeueieea.
Inoaoee eo ia?aciaaee iacaaeneiia ia?oecaineia iauaeeiaiea iiae
iacaaieai Oe?aeineay Ia?iaeiay ?aaiethoeeiiiay A?iey (OI?A) e
i?iaeieaeaee aiaaua aeaenoaey i?ioea e?aniuo ia?oecai e iaioeaa aieioue
aei eiioea 1943 a. (e oiio a?aiaie O. Aoeueaa-Ai?iaaoe aue a?anoiaai
iaioeaie e a?ioai a eiioeaio?aoeeiiiue eaaa?ue Caenaiaaocai). Ii ciiai
aeaenoaey OIA ?acaeaeyeanue ia o?e a?oiiu: OIA-naaa? (Aieuiue e
Iieanuea); OIA-caiaae (Aaee/eia, Aoeiaeia, Caea?iaouea); OIA-tha
(Iiaeieuea). *aoaa?oia oi?ie?iaaiea, OIA-ainoie, ia oaeaeinue
ia?aciaaoue. Niaeanii iaiaoeeei aeaiiui, eioi?ua iiaeoaa?aeaeathony
oe?aeineeie yiea?aoeeiiiuie enoi/ieeaie, /eneaiiinoue OIA a iiiaio
iaeaieueoaai iiaeuaia ai?ueau (eiiaoe 1944 ia/aei 1945 a.) aeinoeaea 100
oun. eeoe. (Iaeioi?ua nia?aiaiiua enoi?eee n/eoatho, /oi eiee/anoai
/eaiia OIA ninoaaeyei 30—40 oun. eeoe). Iniiaiuie iauaeoaie ia?oecaineeo
aeaenoaee OIA auee iaioeu e eo nithcieee; oi?ie?iaaiey A?iee E?aaaie e
iieueneia ianaeaiea; niaaoneea ia?oecaineea io?yaeu, a a aeaeueiaeoai e
iiae?acaeaeaiey E?aniie a?iee.
Oaea a aeaeaa?a 1941 a. aeaaiia nia?aiea IOI i?eiyei iinoaiiaeaiea, a
eioi?ii /aoei ii?aaeaeyeanue no?aoaae/aneay oeaeue e oaeoe/aneay eeiey
i?aaiecaoeee: «Aioiaeoueny e aeeeiiie, caoyaeiie e oi?yiie ai?ueaa n
iaiaoeeeie ieeoiaioaie e i?eaea?aeeaaoueny oaeoeee iaeiieaiey nee». Ia
yoaia noaiiaeaiey iniiaiuie caaeaieyie iianoai/aneeo io?yaeia auee
i?ioeaiaeaenoaea auaica ?aai/ae neeu e i?iaeiaieuenoaey n oe?aeineeo
caiaeue a Aa?iaieth e i?ioeainoiyiea ieeoiaoeeiiiui aeanoyi. A oaa?aea
1943 a. o?aouey eiioa?aioeey IOI-A i?eiyea ?aoaiea i ia?aoiaea e
aii?oaeaiiie ai?ueaa. Ia?aue aie n iaioeaie i?iecioae 7 oaa?aey yoiai
aiaea, eiaaea ia?aay nioiy OIA iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii E. Ia?aaeeiyea
inouanoaeea iaiaaeaiea ia ai?iaeie Aeaaeeie?aoe Aieuineie iaeanoe. A
ia?oa 1943 a. iianoaioeu ?aca?iieee eaaa?y aeey aiaiiiieaiiuo a Eooeea e
Eiaaea, a a iaa iaiiaeaeaeo io niaeaeaiiiai ieeoiaioaie naea Ei?oaeenu,
eioi?ia ?aniieaaaeinue ia iooe Eiaaeue—?iaii, aue oaeo oao niaoeioaeaeia
NA aaia?ae A. Ethooea. Oaeia oneeaiea aeoeaiinoe OIA aucuaaei
iaaniieiaiiinoue o iaiaoeeiai eiiaiaeiaaiey. N iay ii iiya?ue 1943 a.
oieueei ia Aieuie ieeoiaiou i?iaiaeyo iyoue aieueoeo ea?aoaeueiuo
iia?aoeee i?ioea iianoaioeaa. Naiay ianooaaiay ec ieo i?iaeieaeaeanue n
ethiy aei naioya?y. A yoie aeoeee o/anoaiaaei nauoa 10 oun. nieaeao,
naiieaou, oaiee. Oieueei a iiiaio iaeaieueoaai iaino?aiey i?ioeainoiyiey
(etheue—naioya?ue) i?iecioei 74 aiy, ia o/eouaay iaeeeo noieeiiaaiee.
Iioa?ya ii/oe o?e ouny/e nieaeao e ioeoea?ia, oaoenou oae e ia noiaee
eeeaeaee?iaaoue OIA. Aeoeaecaoeey aeaenoaee OIA a caiaaeiuo ?aaeiiao
Oe?aeiu aucuaaea iaaniieiaiiinoue ia oieueei o iaiaoeeiai, ii e o
niaaoneiai eiiaiaeiaaiey, iineieueeo iianoaioeu noaiiaeeenue «o?aoueae
neeie», eioi?ay iuoaeanue oaea?aeaoue iiae naiei eiio?ieai cia/eoaeueiua
oa??eoi?ee. Iiiai/eneaiiua e?iaaaua noieeiiaaiey n niaaoneeie
ia?oecaiaie naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaee, /oi OIA oioaea ioaaoeoue eae iiaeii
aieueoa oe?aeineeo caiaeue e ie n oaoenoaie, ie n aieueoaaeeaie aeanoue
aeaeeoue ia niae?aeanue. *oiau ia oionoeoue neooaoeeth a
caiaaeiioe?aeineeo caieyo ec-iiae eiio?iey, a aaaonoa 1943 a. ii i?eeaco
niaaoneiai eiiaiaeiaaiey ec Aaea?one a ?aeii Eiaaey e Ethaiiey auei
ia?aa?ioaiu 2 oun. niaaoneeo ia?oecaiia, ii, iioa?ya a i?ioeainoiyiee n
iianoaioeaie nauoa iieoi?u ouny/e /aeiaae, yoe oi?ie?iaaiey auee
auioaeaeaiu ioieoe. I iiiuoea OIA ooaa?aeeoueny a aeaea «o?aoueae neeu»
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao noaoenoeea: eeoue a ieoya?a—iiya?a 1943 a. iia i?iaaea
47 aiaa i?ioea iaioeaa e 54 aiy i?ioea niaaoneeo ia?oecai.
Iianoaioeu auee auioaeaeaiu a aiaeu aieiu aiaaaoue aua e ia o?aoueai
o?iioa — i?ioea iieyeia. Ia/aeii eiioeeeoa noaee ianniaua oaeenoaa
oe?aeioeaa Oieiueie e Iiaeeyouey, inouanoaeaiiua iieueneie A?ieae
E?aaaie (AE) a 1941 a. Anei?a yoe oa??i?enoe/aneea aeoeee auee
?ani?ino?aiaiu e a Aaee/eia e ia Aieuie. AEaeay «i?i?oaeoue iieueneee
ei?eaei?» io Ia?aiuoey ai Eueaia, oi?aaeyaiay ec Eiiaeiia A?iey E?aaaay,
ia/eiaao eno?aaeoaeueioth aeoeeth «Ao?y». Iniiaiie aa oeaeueth auei
acyoue iiae eiio?ieue caiee, iioa?yiiua a 1939 a., aei i?eoiaea
niaaoneeo aiene. Oieueei ia Oieiueia a 1943—1944 aa. iieueneea
oi?ie?iaaiey oie/oiaeeee ii/oe 5 oun. oe?aeioeaa. Iiiuoee ?oeiaiaenoaa
OIA aeinoe/ue iiieiaiey e ia?auaiea ieo?iiieeoa A. Oaioeoeeiai oniaoa ia
eiaee. Ia Aieuie, a Aaee/eia e Caea?iaouea ia/aeanue ?aciy, aea?oaie
eioi?ie noaee ia oieueei nieaeaou, ii e aeanyoee ouny/ ie?iuo aeeoaeae,
eae oe?aeioeaa, oae e iieyeia. E?iaaaay oe?aeii-iieueneay ai?ueaa, oi
aniuoeaay, oi caoooay, aeeeeanue aieioue aei 1947a.
?ino ?yaeia OIA, iiiieiaiea io?yaeia ethaeueie ?aciuo iaoeeiiaeueiinoae
e iieeoe/aneeo acaeyaeia i?aaeii?aaeaeyee iaiaoiaeeiinoue nouanoaaiiiai
ia?aniio?a eaeaieiaee e iieeoeee IOI-A. Iiyoiio a aaaonoa 1943 a. aue
nicaai III *?acau/aeiue aieueoie nai? IOI-A. Ii ia oieueei i?iaicaeanee
eo?n ia ai?ueao i?ioea «iineianei-aieueoaaenoneiai e iaiaoeeiai eaa, ca
iino?iaiea Oe?aeineiai naiinoiyoaeueiiai niai?iiai ainoaea?noaa», ii e
au?aaioae nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneoth e iieeoe/aneoth ieaooi?iu
i?aaiecaoeee. A iniiao i?ia?aiiiuo iieiaeaiee ioiineoaeueii
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie noa?u auee iieiaeaiu i?eioeeiu
iiiaioeeaaeiinoe yeiiiieee, nioeeaeueiie ni?aaaaeeeainoe,
ainoaea?noaaiiie caueou iaeiiaania/aiiuo neiaa ianaeaiey. Nouanoaaiiui
naeaeaii a iieeoe/aneie noa?a noae ioeac IOI io aaeeiiee/iiai
aeiieie?iaaiey, i?eciaiea i?aaa ia nouanoaiaaiea ae?oaeo iieeoe/aneeo
oa/aiee e ia?oee. Iauae aeaiie?aoecaoeee iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeaeaeaiey
aeieaeiu auee niinianoaiaaoue i?iaeaeea?e?iaaiiua naiaiaea ia/aoe,
neiaa, iunee, aa?u, ie?iaicc?aiey, ?aaainoai anao a?aaeaeai Oe?aeiu,
iacaaeneii io iaoeeiiaeueiie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe, i?aai iaoeeiiaeueiuo
iaiueoeinoa ?acaeaaoue naie ycue e eoeueoo?o.
Ai a?aiy aieiu, iuoaynue iaeneiaeueii nia?aoue e neiioeaio?e?iaaoue
?aaeueiua oe?aeineea neeu, IOI-A i?iaeieaeaao yaiethoeeiie?iaaoue a
aeaiie?aoe/aneii iai?aaeaiee. Eiaiii ii eieoeeaoeaa IOI-A iaiiaeaeaeo io
Naiai?a a Aaee/eia 11 ethey 1944 a. auei nicaaii nia?aiea, a eioi?ii
i?eiyei o/anoea 20 i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?aciuo aeiaiaiiuo ia?oee Caiaaeiie
Oe?aeiu (e?iia IOI-I) e ainoi/iuo oe?aeioeaa. Caeanue e aue nicaeai
Oe?aeineee Aeaaiue Inaiaiaeeoaeueiue Niaao (OAA?), eioi?ue iaeie
enoi?eee iacuaatho «a?aiaiiui oe?aeineei ia?eaiaioii», ae?oaea —
«eii?aeeiaoeeiiiui aiaiii-iieeoe/aneei oeaio?ii». Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi
ieaooi?ia OAA? ia oieueei iieiinoueth aia?aea i?ia?aiio III Nai?a IOI-A,
ii e iioea iooai oneeaiey aeaiie?aoe/aneeo iniia. A /anoiinoe, a iae
iiae/a?eeaaeinue, /oi ia?aaiethoeeiiiua iaoiaeu ai?ueau oaeaea
oeaeaniia?aciu e aeiionoeiu, ioia/aeinue, /oi aeaiie?aoey yaeyaony
iniiaiui i?eioeeiii i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa.
N i?eaeeaeaieai eeiee o?iioa e iiaeeiio?ieueiui OIA ?aeiiai aa
?oeiaiaenoai nia/aea ?aoeei caiyoue iiceoeeth iaaiaoaoaeuenoaa a
i?ioeainoiyiea iaaeaeo aa?iaooii e E?aniie a?ieae. A yoi a?aiy noaaea
aeaeaeanue ia nio?aiaiea e oe?aieaiea naieo nee, auaeeaeaiea
aeaaii?eyoiiai iiiaioa aeey ?aoathuaai oaea?a. N o/aoii yoiai,
i/aaeaeii, e neaaeoao aini?eieiaoue caeeth/aiea niaeaoaiey i
iaiaiaaeaiee a ethea 1944 a. iaaeaeo iaaieueoie /anoueth OIA, eioi?ay
iaoiaeeeanue a ai?ao ia iaiaoeeie noi?iia o?iioa, e aa?iaooii. Iaeiaei
yoi auee ia nithcie/aneea ioiioaiey, a auioaeaeaiiua oaae iaaeo noi?ii.
Aa?iaiey oaea ia eiaea eeethcee ioiineoaeueii oe?aeineiai aeaeaeaiey. E
oioy ia yoii yoaia ai?ueaa iianoaioeaa i?ioea oaoenoneeo ieeoiaioia
eiaea caoooathuee oa?aeoa?, iia ana aea i?iaeieaeaeanue ii/oe aei
iineaaeieo aeiae iaiaoeeie ieeoiaoeee. 1 naioya?y 1944 a. a ?aeiia
Eieiiue i?iecioei iineaaeiaa noieeiiaaiea iianoaioeaa n aeoea?iaoeaie.
Iinea caiyoey niaaoneeie aieneaie Eaaiaa?aaeuey e Aeiiaanna iniiaiie
oaea? OIA iai?aaeyao i?ioea niaaoneeo ia?oecai e iiae?acaeaeia E?aniie
a?iee.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, a aiaeu Aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu iniiaiie no?aoaae/aneie
oeaeueth oi?ie?iaaiee IOI—OIA auei ainnoaiiaeaiea oe?aeineie
ainoaea?noaaiiinoe. Iiiaa a aiaeiai?io niaaonei-iaiaoeeiai
i?ioeainoiyiey, iia aeoeaii iuoaeanue nua?aoue ?ieue «o?aoueae neeu»,
eioi?ay i?aaenoaaeyao e ionoaeaaao eioa?anu oe?aeineiai ia?iaea. Oaeay
iiceoeey iaoneiaeea ai?ueao n?aco ia o?e o?iioa — i?ioea iaiaoeeeo
ieeoiaioia, niaaoneeo ia?oecaiia e iieueneeo oi?ie?iaaiee A?iee E?aaaie.
Iineieueeo OIA, a ioee/ea io Aeaeaeaiey Nii?ioeaeaiey a Aa?iia, ia
iiaeaea?aeeaaea ie iaeii ec ainoaea?noa, iia auea auioaeaeaia
i?eaea?aeeaaoueny naiaia?aciie oaeoe/aneie eeiee, a iniiaa eioi?ie
eaaeaee nio?aiaiea e oe?aieaiea nianoaaiiuo nee, iiiuoea ?ani?ino?aieoue
naie eiio?ieue ia eae iiaeii aieueooth /anoue oe?aeineeo caiaeue,
auaeeaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai iiiaioa aeey ?aoathuaai oaea?a. [2, n.481]
Eeoa?aoo?a
1. Enoi?ey Oe?aeineie NN? a 10-oe o.. o.4 E.: I.ae., 1983. – 665n.
2. Aieei I.Ae. ?noi??y Oe?a?ie. E.: Aeaaeaiaeaeaa, 2004. – 656n.
3. Ei?ieue A.TH. ?noi??y Oe?a?ie. E.: Aeaaeaiaeaeaa, 2005. – 496n.
4. Noaoaeueiee I. Oe?a?ia: ?noi??y. – E.: Eea?aeue, 1994. – 736n.
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