Niaea?aeaiea
Aaaaeaiea
1. Eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa
2. “?onneay I?aaaea” I. E. Ianoaey
3. Ainnoaiea aeaeaa?enoia
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
Aaaaeaiea
Aieueoea enoi?e/aneea caaea/e aiiaua ia inouanoaeythony ia i?ino?ainoaa
iaeiie /aeiaa/aneie aeecie. *oiau eo aeinoeaiooue, ioaeii ia?aaeaaaoue
eo io iieieaiey e iieieaieth.
Oieueei iieeoe/aneia ainieoaiea iieieaiee a no?aieaiee e iaeiie
iaoeeiiaeueiie oeaee iiaeao iaania/eoue aa aeinoeaeaiea. Oaeia aaeeinoai
a iinoaiiaea e i?aneaaeiaaiee iaoeeiiaeueiuo caaea/ o ian noaiiaeony
aiciiaeiui ni a?aiai Iao?a I. A yoie oeaie iieieaiee, ianoueo ?onneoth
eioaeeeaaioneoth o?aaeeoeeth, aeaeaa?enou caieiatho, anee iieiaeeoue ii
/aou?a iieieaiey ia noieaoea, iyoia ianoi. Iie i?iaeieaeatho ieoue naieo
iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo i?aaeoanoaaiieeia, Iiaeeiaa e ?aaeeuaaa, e ia?aaeatho
ynoaoaoo naiaio iaiin?aaenoaaiiiio i?aaiieeo, Aa?oeaio. Aeinoaoi/ii
iacaaoue yoe eiaia, /oiau nicaeaoue a oiao neooaoaeae, ciaeiiuo n
?onneie enoi?eae, aeinoaoi/ii io/aoeeaia i?aaenoaaeaiea i ianoa
aeaeaa?enoia a oeaie iieieaiee ?onneie eioaeeeaaioeee.
Aiai?y i nayce n i?ioeui, ioaeii oiiiyiooue i i?aaeoanoaaiieeao
aeaeaa?enoia a iaeanoe oao iieeoe/aneeo eaeae, eioi?ua iie ?acaeaeyee.
Yoi eaeae, eioi?ua iiaeaioiaeee ia Caiaaea oai?eth e i?aeoeeo
O?aioeocneie ?aaiethoeee.
Ii ia oieueei ia yoiai ?iaea nayce aeaeaa?enoia n i?ioeui neaaeoao
caeanue oiiiyiooue. Ia iaiaa aeoaiei oi aeeyiea i?ioeiai, eioi?ia
naycuaaao aeaeaa?enoia n nioeeaeueiie n?aaeie, ec eioi?ie ii/oe ana iie
auoee. Yoi auea n?aaea oiaaeaoiaai i?aayuaai eeanna. Ii/oe ana
aeaeaa?enou i?eiaaeeaaeaee e aeai?yinoao, iiiaea e aunoaio neith aai;
iaeioi?ua iineee eiyaeaneea oeooeu. Cia/eoaeueiia aieueoeinoai neoaeeei
a aaa?aeaeneeo iieeao ioeoea?aie.
Aaeaa ee ia naiie neo/aeiie /a?oie aeaeaa?enoneiai caaiai?a auei
ainnoaiea 14 aeaeaa?y. Eo iniiaiui ieaiii aue ieai iinoaiaiiiai
ainieoaiey iauanoaa e aini?eyoeth naiaiaeiuo o/?aaeaeaiee e nioeeaeueiuo
?aoi?i. Iie ia n/eoaee, /oi iauanoai aioiai e ?aceei ia?aiaiai. Ionthaea
e /anoua i?eeeau ianneiecia o iiiaeo ec ieo. Eiaaea i?eoeinue auiieiyoue
nai?y/a aeaiiua iaauaiey e eaeoe ia ieiuaaeue, ia oieueei o iaeiiai
eiycy Iaeiaaneiai aeiieie?iaaei iano?iaiea, eioi?ia ii au?acee o?acie:
“Ao, eae neaaii iu oi?ai!”. Aeaeaa?enou /oanoaiaaee, /oi auee oieueei
ieiia?aie a aeieaii i?ioeanna ?onneie oeeaeeecaoeee.
9 oaa?aey 1816 aiaea. A iaeiie ec eaca?i eaea-aaa?aeee Naiaiianeiai
iieea nia?aeenue ianeieueei iieiaeuo aaa?aeaeneeo ioeoea?ia. N?aaee ieo
e Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa — nui ianoaaieea eiia?aoi?a. I?eoee eiycuey Na?aae e
Iaoaae Io?aaueaau-Aiinoieu. Eo ainoai aue iieiaeie Eaai sseooeei.
«*oi aiaoao e aeooeo ?onneee ia?iae?» — ioaao ia o anao iaeeiaeia, ii, a
eiia/iii n/aoa, i?icao/ae i?aaeaeueii e?aoei: «Aeaniioeci,
naiiaea?aeaaea!»
O?oaaoeeie neacae oiaaea (aio 26 eao, n?aaee nia?aaoeony ii naiue
noa?oee): «Iu iiieiaai, ii/aio Iao? I ?aoee i?i?oaeoue ieii a Aa?iio.
*a?ac yoi ieii aeieaeia auea aieoe ia?aaeiaay eoeueoo?a, i?iieeiooue
nia?aiaiiua ciaiey, ?aciiia?aciua iaoee».
Oaia?ue iiaeiyeny Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa: «Ii ii ioe?ue ieii eeoue aeey naiaai
i?aayuaai nineiaey. Aea?aayiiua aeeeeua iaoaai ia?iaea inoaeenue n
nieiiaiiuie e?uoaie! E?anoueyia e i?e iai aioee nieio, oiaeeee a eaioyo
eee ceiie a aeiiaoieo aaeaieao».
Iie ai?y/aony, nii?yo, ooiyo. Eo naycuaaao aeoaieay e ene?aiiyy
ae?oaeaa, eniuoaiiay a iaia oieueei /oi caaa?oeaoaeny Ioa/anoaaiiie
aieiu i?ioea Iaiieaiia. Ana i/aiue iieiaeu, ii ana oaea aa?ie, e
ioiaee?u oe?aoatho i?aeaia, iie ioia/aiu ciaeaie neaau. Iaeioi?ua ec ieo
a n?aaeaieyo i?ieeee e?iaue.
Aeaiue 9 oaa?aey 1816 aiaea noaiao iaiyoiui a enoi?ee ?innee. A?oiia
iieiaeuo ioeoea?ia nicaeaea naia ia?aia oaeiia iauanoai, eioi?ia iie
iacaaee Nithcii nianaiey, a ianeieueei iicaea Iauanoaii enoeiiuo e
aa?iuo nuiia ioa/anoaa.
E yoiio iauanoao i?eniaaeeiyony Iaaae Ianoaeue, Eaai Iouei, Ieoaee
Eoiei… Ieiei 30 iieiaeuo ethaeae, i?aeiouanoaaiii aaa?aeaeneeo
ioeoea?ia, iieeyioony, /oi aaeeinoaaiiie oeaeueth eo aeecie aoaeao
ai?ueaa i?ioea e?aiinoiiai i?aaa, ca aaaaeaiea a ?innee eiinoeoooeeiiiuo
caeiiia, ia?aie/eaathueo aaniethoeci.
Oaeiia iauanoai eiaao naie ?eooaeu, iniai oi?aeanoaaiiua oea?aiiieaeu,
caeinoaiaaiiua iieiaeuie ethaeueie ec ianiineeo eiae. Iiiaeo ec ieo aua
ii-thiioanee oaeaeaao /enoi aiaoiyy, ia?aaeiay /anoue yoiai oaea
ii?aaeaeaiiiai iieeoe/aneiai caaiai?a. Ii oae auei eeoue a naiii ia/aea.
Anei?a caaiai?ueee iiiyee, /oi oyaeaeue iooue, ia eioi?ue iie anooieee,
ia ioaeaeaaony a ?eooaeueiinoe, a oieueei a aeieaie, oii?iie e
iaonoaiiie i?aaiecaoeee naiiai aeaea. Ioiuia ei i?aaenoiyo ai?y/ea,
no?anoiua iieeoe/aneea nii?u e ai?ueaa. I?eaeao aeaiue, eiaaea iie
ia/ioo ouaoaeueii ianoaeaeaoue ieaiu ainnoaiey e oea?aoaeenoaa…
*a?ac ianeieueei eao ia?aciaaeinue aeaa oaeiuo ?aaiethoeeiiiuo iauanoaa:
Naaa?iia iauanoai n oeaio?ii a Iaoa?ao?aa e THaeiia iauanoai ia Oe?aeia,
aaea neoaeeei iiiai ioeoea?ia, /eaiia oaeiiai iauanoaa. A Naaa?iii
iauanoaa aeaaioth ?ieue ea?aee Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa, Na?aae O?oaaoeeie,
Eiiae?aoee ?ueaaa, nieioeaoea aie?oa naay aiaauo ?anioaeeeaioeaa. A
THaeiii iauanoaa ?oeiaiaeeoaeai aue iieeiaiee Iaaae Ianoaeue.
Ia?aua ?onneea ?aaiethoeeiia?u oioaee iiaeiyoue ?aaiethoeeiiiia
ainnoaiea a aieneao, naa?aiooue naiiaea?aeaaea, ioiaieoue e?aiinoiia
i?aai e anaia?iaeii i?eiyoue iiaue ainoaea?noaaiiue caeii —
?aaiethoeeiiioth eiinoeoooeeth. Auei ?aoaii aunooieoue a iiiaio niaiu
eiia?aoi?a ia i?anoiea. Iinea nia?oe Aeaenaiae?a I aicieeei
iaaeaeooea?noaea — i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiue e?ecen, auaiaeiue aeey
?aaiethoeeiia?ia.
Aeaeaa?enou ouaoaeueii ?ac?aaioaee naie ieaiu. Iie ?aoeee iiiaoaoue
aieneai e Naiaoo i?eianoe i?enyao iiaiio oea?th. Caoai oioaee aieoe a
Naiao e iio?aaiaaoue iioaeeeiaaoue anaia?iaeiue iaieoano, a eioi?ii
aoaeao iauyaeaii ia ioiaia e?aiinoiiai i?aaa e 25-eaoiaai n?iea
nieaeaoneie neoaeau, i aea?iaaiee naiaiaeu neiaa, nia?aiee,
aa?ieniiaaaeaiey e i nicuaa o/?aaeeoaeueiiai nia?aiey aua?aiiuo ia?iaeii
aeaiooaoia. Aeaiooaou aeieaeiu auee ?aoeoue, eaeie no?ie onoaiiaeoue a
no?aia, e ooaa?aeeoue aa iniiaiie caeii — eiinoeoooeeth. Anee au Naiao
ia niaeaneeny iaia?iaeiaaoue ?aaiethoeeiiiue iaieoano, auei ?aoaii
i?eioaeeoue aai e oiio neeie. Ainnoaaoea aienea aeieaeiu auee caiyoue
Ceiiee aeai?aoe e Iao?iiaaeianeoth e?aiinoue, oea?neoth naiueth aeieaeiu
auee a?anoiaaoue. A neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?aaeiieaaaeinue oaeoue oea?y.
Oai a?aiaiai, oae aeoiaee aeaeaa?enou, ni anao noi?ii nuaaeoony a
Iaoa?ao?a eca?aiiua ii aoaa?ieyi aeaiooaou. ?ooiao naiiaea?aeaaea e
e?aiinoie/anoai. Aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa ainnoaieai aue eca?ai noa?ue /eai
iauanoaa, iieeiaiee aaa?aeee eiycue Na?aae O?oaaoeeie.
Iaeiaei ia aoaeai caaaaaoue aia?aae. ?ac?aaioeo naieo ieaiia aeaeaa?enou
ia/aee n ianoaeaeaiey aoaeouae eiinoeoooeee. Eoae, nii?u
i?iaeieaeathony.
Eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa
Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa eiae aeanoyuea enoi?e/aneea iiciaiey. Ii aeieacuaaao,
/oi eiinoeoooeey aeieaeia auoue iiia?oe/aneie. Eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou
Io?aaueaaa eniieueciaaea iiuo Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu. Ii iia yaeyeanue ieiaeii
naiinoiyoaeueiiai iieeoe/aneiai oai?/anoaa ia iniiaa ia?a?aaioee
caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneiai e aia?eeaineiai iieeoe/aneiai iiuoa e i?eiaiaiey
aai e ?onneie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa aue aeoaieei ciaoieii
nia?aiaiiie aio iieeoe/aneie eeoa?aoo?u, eioa?aniaaeny enoi?eae e
yaeyeny aaoi?ii ?aaio enoi?e/aneiai oa?aeoa?a. Eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou
Io?aaueaaa ia auea ianoaeaeaia anai Naaa?iui iauanoaii, ia auea
auaaaeaia ia aieiniaaiea e i?eiyoa anae i?aaiecaoeeae.
?aaioay iaae eiinoeoooeeae a 1821 e iineaaeothuea aiaeu, Ieeeoa
Io?aaueaa oaea ioioae io i?aaeieo ?anioaeeeaineeo aicc?aiee. Ii a yoi
a?aiy neeiiyaony e eaeaa eiinoeoooeeiiiie iiia?oee. Oio naeaea ai?aai,
eioi?ue i?iecioae ieiei 1821 aiaea a iieeoe/aneeo acaeyaeao Ieeeou
Io?aaueaaa, iaoae y?eia io?aaeaiea a aai eiinoeoooeee. I?aaeiea
?anioaeeeaineea aicc?aiey niaieeenue eiinoeoooeeiiii-iiia?oe/aneeie.
Eeanniaay aeai?yineay ia?aie/aiiinoue neacaeanue a ?ac?aoaiee aii?ina i
e?aiinoiii i?aaa. Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa a naiae eiinoeoooeee iauyaeye
inaiaiaeaeaiea e?anoueyi io e?aiinoiie caaeneiinoe, ii iaeiia?aiaiii
auaiaeee iieiaeaiea: “Caiee iiiaueeia inoathony ca ieie”. E?anoueyia
inaiaiaeaeaeenue aac caiee. Ii a iineaaeiai aa?eaioa naiae eiinoeoooeee
ii aaiaeeo iieiaeaiea, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui e?anoueyia iieo/aee
onaaeaaiua o/anoee e naa?o yoiai ii aeaa aeanyoeiu ia aeai? a ii?yaeea
iaueiiiai aeaaeaiey. Eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa oa?aeoa?eciaaeanue
aunieei eiouanoaaiiui oeaicii: oieueei caiaeueiue nianoaaiiee eee
aeaaeaeaoe eaieoaea eiae i?aai iieiinoueth o/anoaiaaoue a iieeoe/aneie
aeecie no?aiu, ecae?aoue e auoue eca?aiiui. I?e yoii caieaaeaaeaeaoe
nia/aea oeaieeny Ieeeoie Io?aaueaaui aaeaia “aei?iaea” eaieoaeenoa.
Iicaea Io?aaueaa ioeacaeny io aeaieiiai oeaica e aaae iaeei iauee oeaic
aeey ecae?aoaeae — 500 ?oaeae. Eeoea, ia eiaaoea aeaeaeeiinoe eee
iaaeaeaeeiinoe ia yoo noiio, ia iiaee o/anoaiaaoue a auai?ao. Eeoea,
ecae?aaiua ia iauanoaaiiua aeieaeiinoe, aeieaeiu auee iaeaaeaoue aua
aieaa aunieei eiouanoaaiiui oeaicii: eeoue i?e auai?ao iecoaai
i?aaenoaaeoaey ianoiiai oi?aaeaiey (aieinoiiai noa?oeiu) ionoonoaiaaei
o?aaiaaiea eiouanoaaiiiai oeaica; e yoei auai?ai aeiioneaeenue “ana
a?aaeaeaia, aac ecuyoey e ?acee/ey”. Ii aeey ae?oaeo auai?iuo
aeieaeiinoae oeaic nio?aiyeny e aue oai cia/eoaeueiaa, /ai auoa auea
aeieaeiinoue; ii aeioiaeee a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo aei 60 oun. ?oaeae
na?aa?ii.
AEaiueiu ii eiinoeoooeee Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa, eae e ii eiinoeoooeee
Ianoaey, auee eeoaiu ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa. E?iia oiai, Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa
aue iaia?ai aaanoe ia?aciaaoaeueiue oeaic aeey a?aaeaeai ?inneeneiai
ainoaea?noaa. Ecae?aoaeueiua i?aaa iieo/aee eeoea, aeinoeaoea 21 aiaea.
*a?ac aeaaaeoeaoue eao iinea i?eiyoey eiinoeoooeee i?aaeiieaaaeinue
aaanoe iaycaoaeueiia o?aaiaaiea a?aiioiinoe ecae?aoaey: iaa?aiioiue
eeoaeny ecae?aoaeueiuo i?aa. Oae eae ia?aciaaiea iiaeii auei iieo/aoue
oieueei ca ieaoo, aaaaeaiea oeaica a?aiioiinoe auei aua iaeiei
i?aaeii/oaieai iaoa?eaeueii ninoiyoaeueiuo ecae?aoaeae ianinoiyoaeueiui.
Eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa aaiaeeea oeaic inaaeeinoe: ei/aaieee ia
eiaee ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa. E?anoueyiei-iaueiiee ia n/eoaeny
“aeaaeaeueoeai-nianoaaiieeii”, aai ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai auei /?acau/aeii
ia?aie/aii. I?e anao /a?oao neeueii au?aaeaiiie eeanniaie aeai?yineie
ia?aie/aiiinoe eiinoeoooeeiiiue i?iaeo Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa yaeyaony
cia/eoaeueiui iaiyoieeii iieeoe/aneiai oai?/anoaa
?aaiethoeeiia?a-aeai?yieia. Iiiaea aai iieiaeaiey eiaee iieiaeeoaeueiia
cia/aiea.
Iaaei i?aaenoaaeoue naaa, eaeie iauaeoeaiue enoi?e/aneee niune eiaee
ia?a/eneaiiua auoa ioieou eiinoeoooeee Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa a aani?aaiie
no?aia e?aiinoiiai ?aanoaa, naiiaea?aeaaiiai aeaniioecia, a no?aia
“noa?iai ii?yaeea”, aua ia ciaaoae ?aaiethoeee. Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa
i?iaeoe?iaae ioiaio e?aiinoiiai i?aaa, aeaeae e?anoueyieia ee/ii
naiaiaeiui: “E?aiinoiia ninoiyiea e ?aanoai ioiaiythony. ?aa,
i?eeinioaoeeny caiee ?onneie, noaiiaeony naiaiaeiui”, — ienae Io?aaueaa
a o?aoueai ia?aa?aoa naiae eiinoeoooeee. Nineiaey oaeaea ioiaiyeenue.
“Ana ?onneea ?aaiu ia?aae caeiiii”. Aeaaea ?aeeaey i?ecuaaeanue ia
iiiiuue, aeey oiai /oiau aeieacaoue aeoaieee a?aae noa?iai
oaiaeaeueii-nineiaiiai ?acaeaeaiey. “?acaeaeaiea iaaeaeo aeaai?iaeiuie e
i?inoiethaeeiaie ia i?eieiaaony, iineieueeo i?ioeaii Aa?a, ii eioi?ie
ana ethaee a?aouey, ana ?iaeaeaiu ii aiea Aiaeueae, ana ?iaeaeaiu aeey
aeaaa e ana i?inoi ethaee: eai ana neaau e ianiaa?oaiiu”. Eiinoeoooeey
Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa ooaa?aeaeaea nayuaiiia e iai?eeiniiaaiiia i?aai
nianoaaiiinoe, ii a iae iiae/a?eeaaeinue, /oi i?aai nianoaaiiinoe
caeeth/aao a naaa “iaeie aaue”: /aeiaae ia iiaeao auoue nianoaaiiinoueth
ae?oaiai, e?aiinoiia i?aai aeieaeii auoue ioiaiaii, a “i?aai
nianoaaiiinoe, caeeth/athuaa a naaa iaeie aaue, — nayuaiii e
iai?eeiniiaaiii”. Ii eiinoeoooeee Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa aeieaeiu auee auoue
eeeaeaee?iaaiu e iiiaea ae?oaea oaiaeaeueii-aaniethoenoneea
o/?aaeaeaiey. “Aiaiiua iinaeaiey iaiaaeeaiii oie/oiaeathony”, — aeanee
30-e ia?aa?ao eiinoeoooeee. Aiaiiua iinaeyia aeieaeiu auee iaiaaeeaiii
ia?aeoe ia iieiaeaiea eacaiiuo e?anoueyi, caiey aiaiiuo iinaeaiee
ia?aaeaaaeanue a iaueiioth e?anoueyineoth nianoaaiiinoue. Oaeaeueiua
caiee, o. a. caiee, ia aeioiae n eioi?uo niaea?aeaeenue /eaiu
oea?noaothuaai aeiia, iiaeeaaeaee eiioeneaoeee e ia?aaeaaaeenue ai
aeaaeaiea e?anoueyi. Ioiaiyeny “oaaaeue i ?aiaao”, ?acaeaeyaoee aiaiiuo
e a?aaeaeaineeo neoaeaueo ia 14 eeannia.
Iaoeeiiaeueiia /oanoai Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa auei aiciouaii caneeueai a
?innee eiino?aioeaa: “A?aaeaeaineea /eiu, caeinoaiaaiiua o iaioeaa e
ie/ai ia ioee/athueany iaaeaeo niaith, ioiaiythony noiaenoaaiii n
ae?aaieie iinoaiiaeaieyie ia?iaea ?onneiai”. Ana iacaaiey nineiaiuo
a?oii (aeai?yia, iauaia, iaeiiaeai?oeu e ae?.) ioiaiyeenue e caiaiyeenue
iacaaieai “a?aaeaeaiei” eee “?onneee”. Iiiyoea “?onneee” ia ioiineony
iaiin?aaenoaaiii e iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, iii icia/aao a?aaeaeaieia
?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaa. Iiiyoea ?iaeeiu e aa caueou aicianaii
eiinoeoooeeae Io?aaueaaa ia aieueooth aunioo: “Eaaeaeue ?onneee iaycai
iineoue iauanoaaiiua iiaeiiinoe, iiaeiiaaoueny caeiiai e aeanoyi
ioa/anoaa, auoue anaaaea aioiaui e caueoa ?iaeeiu e aeieaeai yaeoueny e
ciaiaiai, eiaaea aino?aaoao oiai caeii”. Eiinoeoooeey Io?aaueaaa
ooaa?aeaeaea ?yae ao?aeoaciuo naiaiae: iia i?iaicaeaoaea naiaiaeo
ia?aaeaeaeaiey e caiyoee ianaeaiey, naiaiaeo neiaa, ia/aoe e naiaiaeo
aa?ieniiaaaeaiey. Ioiaiyeny nineiaiue noae, aaiaeeeny noae i?enyaeiuo
canaaeaoaeae aeey anao a?aaeaeai.
Eae ianoiyei aeaei n oea?neie aeanoueth? Eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa
auea ia?aie/aiii-iiia?oe/aneie. Ii ooo iaiaoiaeeii naeaeaoue iaiai?eo: a
e?aeiai neo/aa Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa i?aaeiieaaae aaaaeaiea ?anioaeeee. “Anee
au eiia?aoi?, — iieacae ii ia neaaenoaee, — ia i?eiye eiinoeoooeee, eae
e?aeiaa n?aaenoai y i?aaeiieaaae ecaiaiea iiiai e i?aaeeiaeaiea
?anioaeeeaineiai i?aaeaiey”. Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay, eniieieoaeueiay e
noaeaaiay aeanoe a eiinoeoooeee Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa auee ?acaeaeaiu.
Eiia?aoi? anoue oieueei “aa?oiaiue /eiiaiee ?inneeneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa”,
ii yaeyaony i?aaenoaaeoaeai oieueei eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe,
caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe eiia?aoi? ia eiae. Eiia?aoi? iieo/ae aieueoia
aeaeiaaiuea (“8 iei. ?oaeae a aiae”) e, anee aio oaiaeii, iia ca naie
n/ao niaea?aeaoue i?eaeai?iue ooao. Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa oi?ioi iiieiae,
ianeieueei a?aaeia auea ?ieue i?eaeai?iie eaia?eeuee, aa eio?ea e
aeeyiee a iieeoeea oea?neiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Iiyoiio aai eiinoeoooeey
o?aeoiaaea anth i?eaeai?ioth /aeyaeue (anao eaia?aa?ia, aioia?oaeia,
aioiaenoa?ia e o. ae.) eae i?eneoaeieeia oea?y. Ana oea?neea i?eaeai?iua
eeoaeenue ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa. Eiia?aoi? eiiaiaeiaae aieneaie, ii ia
eiae i?aaa ie ia/eiaoue aieiu, ie caeeth/aoue ie?a. Eiia?aoi? ia iia
iieeaeaoue oa??eoi?ee eiia?ee, eia/a ii eeoaeny eiia?aoi?neiai naia.
Aoaeouay ?inney i?aaenoaaeyeanue Ieeeoa Io?aaueaao oaaea?aeueiui
ainoaea?noaii, ii aue noi?iiieeii ainoaea?noaaiiiai ono?ienoaa
Naaa?i-Aia?eeaineeo Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia. Eiia?ey aeaeeeanue ia
ioaeaeueiua oaaea?aoeaiua aaeeieoeu, eioi?ua Io?aaueaa iacuaae
aea?aeaaaie. Anao aea?aeaa auei iyoiaaeoeaoue. A eaaeaeie aea?aeaaa auea
naiy noieeoea. Noieeoeae oaaea?aoeee aeieaeai aue noaoue, eae e o
Ianoaey, Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae — ai?iae, neaaiue naiei aa?ie/aneei i?ioeui
ai a?aiy iieueneie eioa?aaioeee XVII a., oeaio? no?aiu. Aa?oiaiui
i?aaiii caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe aeieaeii auei noaoue Ia?iaeiia aa/a.
Iii ninoiyei ec aeaoo iaeao: aa?oiyy iaeaoa iineea iacaaiea Aa?oiaiie
aeoiu, ieaeiyy iacuaaeanue iaeaoie ia?iaeiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae. Anyeee
caeiiii?iaeo aeieaeai aue o?e ?aca /eoaoueny a eaaeaeie iaeaoa. *oaiey
aeieaeiu auee auoue ?acaeaeaiu, ii e?aeiae ia?a, o?aiy aeiyie,
iinayuaiiuie ianoaeaeaieth caeiia. Anee caeiiii?iaeo i?eieiaeny iaaeie
iaeaoaie, ii oae ia i?aaenoaaeaiea eiia?aoi?o e eeoue iinea aai iiaeiene
iieo/ae neeo caeiia. Eiia?aoi? iia aa?iooue iaoaiaeiue aio caeiiii?iaeo
a iaeaou ni naieie caia/aieyie, oiaaea caeiiii?iaeo ianoaeaeaeny
aoi?e/ii; anee ii aoi?e/iiai i?eieiaeny iaaeie iaeaoaie, oi iieo/ae neeo
caeiia e aac niaeaney eiia?aoi?a. Oaeei ia?acii, i?eiyoea caeiia iiaei
auoue ion?i/aii eiia?aoi?ii, ii ia iiaei auoue ei naiiaieueii
ioaa?aiooi. A aea?aeaaao aeieaeia auea nouanoaiaaoue aeaooiaeaoiay
nenoaia. Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aeanoue i?eiaaeeaaeaea caeiiiaeaoaeueiiio
nia?aieth, ninoiyaoaio ec aeaoo iaeao: iaeaou Auai?iuo e Aea?aeaaiie
aeoiu. Aea?aeaau aeaeeeenue ia oacaeu. Aeieaeiinoue ia/aeueieea oacaea,
eae e ana i?i/ea aeieaeiinoe a oi?aaeaiee ainoaea?noaii, auea auai?iie.
Noaeuee oaeaea auee auai?iuie. Eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa, aoaeue
iia aaaaeaia, i?iaeea au ia?iiioth a?aoue a oaa?aeuiyo
oaiaeaeueii-aaniethoenoneiai no?iy e na?ueacii ?anoaoaea au aai iniiau.
Ianiiiaiii, /oi i?iaeo eiinoeoooeee Ieeeou Io?aaueaaa yaeyaony
/?acau/aeii i?ia?anneaiui aeey naiaai a?aiaie. Ieeeoa Io?aaueaa oi?ioi
niciaaae, eaeia aaoaiia nii?ioeaeaiea noa?uo nee iiaeao ano?aoeoue aai
eiinoeoooeeiiiue i?iaeo.
Eoae, i?iaeo eiinoeoooeee Io?aaueaaa inoaeaeae e?aiinoiia i?aai e
iauyaeye ia aai ioiaia. A iai i?aaeeaaaeinue ioiaieoue ana nineiaiua
?acee/ey, aiaiiua iinaeaiey; i?iaicaeaoaeinue ?aaainoai anao a?aaeaeai
ia?aae caeiiii. Iaeiaei aaoi? i?iaeoa eiinoeoooeee inoaaaeny oaa?aeui
noi?iiieeii onoaiiaeaiey aunieiai eiouanoaaiiiai oeaica i?e caiyoee
ethauo aeieaeiinoae a ainoaea?noaaiiii aiia?aoa e nio?aiaiey ca
iiiaueeaie i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe ia caieth.
Ii neieue y?inoiu e aea?cee auee i?ioea yoiai i?ioanou ?anioaeeeaioeaa!
Iie aic?aaeatho, nii?yo e aeieacuaatho Ieeeoa Io?aaueaao aai
caaeoaeaeaiey, nnueathony ia ai?ueeee iiuo ae?oaeo ia?iaeia. Ianoaeue
ianoaeaae, /oi ?innee ioaeia oieueei aeaiie?aoe/aneay ?anioaeeea. *oiau
ia?aaeeoue aa aaciianiinoue io aiciiaeiuo iaaeaeioniaeoe, iaeuecy
inoaaeyoue ie iaeiiai i?aoaiaeaioa ia oea?neee i?anoie.
Neaaeai ianeieueei neia i aai i?iaeoa eiinoeoooeee, eioi?ay
aiiaeooaaeyea aeaeaa?enoia-?anioaeeeaioeaa e nua?aea aua aieueooth ?ieue
a ?aaiethoeeiiiii aeaeaeaiee aeaeaa?enoia, /ai eiinoeoooeey Ieeeou
Io?aaueaaa.
“?onneay I?aaaea” I. E. Ianoaey
Ianoaeue aue noi?iiieeii aeeeoaoo?u A?aiaiiiai aa?oiaiiai i?aaeaiey ai
a?aiy ?aaiethoeee, n/eoae aeeeoaoo?o ?aoathuei oneiaeai oniaoa.
Aeeeoaoo?a, ii aai i?aaeiieiaeaieyi, aeieaeia auea aeeeoueny 10 – 15
eao. Aai eiinoeoooeeiiiue i?iaeo “?onneay I?aaaea” aue iaeacii
A?aiaiiiio aa?oiaiiio i?aaeaieth, iaee/aiiiio aeeeoaoi?neie aeanoueth.
Iieiia iacaaiea yoiai i?iaeoa aeaneo: “?onneay I?aaaea, eee Caiiaaaeiay
Ainoaea?noaaiiay A?aiioa Aaeeeiai Ia?iaea ?inneeneiai, neoaeauay caaaoii
aeey oniaa?oainoaiaaiey Ainoaea?noaaiiiai ono?ienoaa ?innee e
niaea?aeauay aa?iue iaeac eae aeey ia?iaea, oae e aeey A?aiaiiiai
Aa?oiaiiai I?aaeaiey”. ?aaioa Ianoaey iaae eiinoeoooeeiiiui i?iaeoii
aeeeeanue ii/oe aeanyoue eao. Aai eiinoeoooeeiiiue i?iaeo iieacae, /oi
ii aue a eo?na aeaeaeaiey iieeoe/aneie iunee naiaai a?aiaie.
Eiinoeoooeeiiiue i?iaeo Ianoaey ia oieueei iiiaie?aoii ianoaeaeaeny ia
canaaeaieyo e nuacaeao ?oeiaiaeeoaeae THaeiiai iauanoaa, ii e e naiie
?aaioa iaae oaenoii i?iaeoa i?eaeaeaeenue ioaeaeueiua /eaiu iauanoaa.
?a/ue oea ia oieueei i noeea a oceii niunea neiaa, ii e i niaea?aeaiee;
aiineee naie iii?aaee e ae?oaea aeaeaa?enou. Ia Eeaaneii nuacaea 1823
aiaea iniiaiua iieiaeaiey “?onneie I?aaaeu” auee ianoaeaeaiu e
aaeeiiaeanii i?eiyou ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie THaeiiai iauanoaa. Oaeei ia?acii,
“?onneay I?aaaea”, i?aaenoaaeyy niaie ieiae ia?iiiiai ee/iiai o?oaea
Ianoaey, a oi aea a?aiy yaeyaony eaeaeiui iaiyoieeii oeaeie
?aaiethoeeiiiie i?aaiecaoeee, ianoaeaeaiiui e i?eiyoui aaeeiiaeanii. Yoi
e?oiiaeoee iaiyoiee ?aaiethoeeiiiiai i?ioeiai ia?aie /aoaa?oe XIX aaea.
?aaiethoeeth iaeuecy auei, ii iiaieth Ianoaey, oniaoii niaa?oeoue aac
aioiaiai eiinoeoooeeiiiiai i?iaeoa. Iniaaiii ouaoaeueii ?ac?aaioae
Ianoaeue iuneue i A?aiaiiii aa?oiaiii ?aaiethoeeiiiii i?aaeaiee,
aeeeoaoo?a eioi?iai aeieaeia auea noaoue iieioii io ia?iaeiuo
iaaeaeioniaeoe, eioi?uo ii oioae ecaaaeaoue. “?onneay I?aaaea”, — ienae
Ianoaeue a naiai eiinoeoooeeiiiii i?iaeoa, — anoue iaeac eee ianoaaeaiea
A?aiaiiiio aa?oiaiiio i?aaeaieth aeey aai aeaenoaee e iauyaeaiea
ia?iaeo, io /aai ii inaiaiaeaeai aoaeao, /aai aiiaue iaeeaeaoue
iiaeao… Iia niaea?aeeo iaycaiiinoe, ia aa?oiaiia i?aaeaiea
aiceaaaaiua, e neoaeeo aeey ?innee ii?o/eoaeuenoaii, /oi A?aiaiiia
i?aaeaiea aaeeinoaaiii ei aeaao Ioa/anoaa aeaenoaiaaoue aoaeao.
Iaaeinoaoie a oaeiaie a?aiioa aaa?aioe iiiaea ainoaea?noaa a oaeaniaeoea
aaaenoaey e iaaeaeioniaey, iioiio /oi a iiuo i?aaeoaeuenoai
aeaenoaiaaoue anaaaea iiaei ii naiaio i?iecaieo, ii ee/iui no?anoyi e
/anoiui aeaeai, ia eiay ia?aae niaith yniiai e iieiiai ianoaaeaiey, eiei
au iaycaii auei ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny, e /oi ia?iae iaaeaeo oai ieeiaaea
ia ciae, /oi aeey iaai i?aaei?eieiatho, ieeiaaea ia aeaeae yniui
ia?acii, e eaeie oeaee no?aiyony aeaenoaey i?aaeoaeuenoaa…”
?acaa?ai aii?in i oii, eae ?ac?aoaeny a i?iaeoa Ianoaey aii?in i
e?aiinoiii i?aaa, a caoai ia?aeaeai e aii?ino ia oie/oiaeaiee
naiiaea?aeaaey. Yoi aeaa iniiaiuo aii?ina iieeoe/aneie eaeaieiaee
aeaeaa?enoia. Ianoaeue /?acau/aeii auniei oeaiee ee/ioth naiaiaeo
/aeiaaea. Aoaeouaa ?innee aeey iaai — yoi iauanoai ee/ii naiaiaeiuo
ethaeae. “Ee/iay naiaiaea, — aiai?eony a “?onneie I?aaaea”, — anoue
ia?aia e aaaeiaeoaa i?aai eaaeaeiai a?aaeaeaieia e nayuaiiaeoay
iaycaiiinoue eaaeaeiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Ia iae iniiaaii ana nii?oaeaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai caeaiey, e aac iaa iao ie niieienoaey, ie
aeaaiaeainoaey”. Inaiaiaeaeaiea e?anoueyi aac caiee, oi anoue
i?aaeinoaaeaiea ei oieueei ee/iie naiaiaeu, Ianoaeue n/eoae niaa?oaiii
iai?eaieaiui. Ianoaeue noiye ca inaiaiaeaeaiea e?anoueyi n caieae. Aai
aa?a?iue i?iaeo iiae?iaii ?ac?aaioai a “?onneie I?aaaea” e i?aaenoaaeyao
cia/eoaeueiue eioa?an. A naiai aa?a?iii i?iaeoa Ianoaeue niaei
iauaaeeiee aeaa i?ioeai?a/eauo i?eioeeia. N iaeiie noi?iiu, ii i?eciaaae
i?aaeeueiui, /oi “caiey anoue nianoaaiiinoue anaai ?iaea /aeiaa/aneiai”,
a ia /anoiuo eeoe, iiyoiio ia iiaeao auoue /anoiie nianoaaiiinoueth, eai
“/aeiaae iiaeao oieueei ia caiea aeeoue e oieueei io caiee i?iieoaiea
iieo/aoue”, neaaeiaaoaeueii, caiey — iauaa aeinoiyiea anaai ?iaea
/aeiaa/aneiai. Ii, n ae?oaie noi?iiu, ii i?eciaaae, /oi “o?oaeu e ?aaiou
nooue enoi/ieee nianoaaiiinoe”, e oio, eoi caieth oaeia?ee e ia?aaioae,
eiaao i?aai aeaaeaoue caieae ia iniiaa /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe. Aeey
i?ioeaaoaiey oeaaiiaoanoaa ioaeii iiiai ecaea?aeae, a eo niaeaneony
naeaeaoue oieueei oio, eioi?ue “a iieiie naiae nianoaaiiinoe caieth
eiaoue aoaeao”. I?eciaa ca i?aaeeueiua iaa i?ioeai?a/eauo iieiaeaiey,
Ianoaeue iieiaeee a iniiao naiaai aa?a?iiai i?iaeoa o?aaiaaiea
?acaeaeaiey caiaeue iiiieai e i?eciaiey eaaeaeiai ec yoeo i?eioeeiia
eeoue a iaeiie ec iieiaei ?acaeaeaiiie caiee. Any ia?aaaouaaaiay caiey a
eaaeaeie aieinoe aeaeeony ia aeaa /anoe: ia?aay /anoue yaeyaony
iauanoaaiiie nianoaaiiinoueth, aa iaeuecy ie i?iaeaaaoue, ie iieoiaoue,
iia eaeao a iaueiiue ?acaeae iaaeaeo aeaeathueie caieiaoueny
caieaaeaeeai e i?aaeiacia/aia aeey i?iecaiaenoaa “iaiaoiaeeiiai
i?iaeoeoa”; aoi?ay /anoue caiee yaeyaony /anoiie nianoaaiiinoueth, aa
iiaeii i?iaeaaaoue e iieoiaoue, iia i?aaeiacia/aia aeey i?iecaiaenoaa
“eciaeeey”. *anoue iaueiiay, i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey i?iecaiaenoaa
iaiaoiaeeiiai i?iaeoeoa, aeaeeony iaaeaeo aieinoiuie iaueiaie. Eaaeaeue
a?aaeaeaiei aoaeouae ?anioaeeee iaycaoaeueii aeieaeai auoue i?eienai e
iaeiie ec aieinoae e eiaao i?aai a ethaia a?aiy aacaiciacaeii iieo/eoue
i?e/eoathueeny aio caiaeueiue iaaeae e ia?aaaouaaoue aai. Yoi iieiaeaiea
aeieaeii auei, ii iiaieth Ianoaey, aa?aioe?iaaoue a?aaeaeai aoaeouae
?anioaeeee io ieuainoaa, aieiaea. “Eaaeaeue ?inneyiei aoaeao niaa?oaiii
a iaiaoiaeeiii iaania/ai e oaa?ai, /oi a naiae aieinoe anaaaea eei/ie
caiee iaeoe iiaeao, eioi?ue aio i?iieoaiea aeinoaaeo, e a eiai ii
i?iieoaiea nea iieo/aoue aoaeao ia io ieeina?aeey aeeaeieo, ii io
o?oaeia, eie i?eeiaeeo aeey ia?aaaouaaiey caiee, aio naiiio
i?eiaaeeaaeauae yei /eaio aieinoiiai iauanoaa ia?aaia n i?i/eie
a?aaeaeaiaie”.
Aieinoiay caiey — iaueiiay caiey. E?anoueyiei eee aiiaua ethaie
a?aaeaeaiei a ainoaea?noaa, iieo/eaoee caiaeueiue iaaeae, aeaaeaao ei ia
iaueiiii i?aaa, ia iiaeao ie aea?eoue aai, ie i?iaeaaaoue, ie
caeeaaeuaaoue.
Aoi?ay /anoue aieinoiuo caiaeue, i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey i?iecaiaenoaa
“eciaeeey”, iaoiaeeony a /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe, /anoueth aea iiaeao
i?eiaaeeaaeaoue e ainoaea?noao. Eeoue yoe caiee iiaoo iieoiaoueny e
i?iaeaaaoueny. Eacaiiay aeiey yoie caiee oaeaea iiaeao auoue i?iaeaia.
“Eacia yaeyaony a ioiioaiee e eacaiiie caiea a aeaea /anoiiai /aeiaaea,
iioiio i?iaeaaaoue eacaiiua caiee i?aai eiaao”. Eaaeaeue ?inneyiei,
aeaeathuee ?anoe?eoue naia caiaeueiia oicyenoai, iiaeao i?eeoieoue
caieth ec yoie aoi?ie /anoe caiaeueiiai oiiaea. Aeey inouanoaeaiey
naiaai aa?a?iiai i?iaeoa Ianoaeue n/eoae iaiaoiaeeiui io/oaeaeaiea
iiiaue/ueae caiee i?e /anoe/iie aa eiioeneaoeee. Eia/a aai i?iaeo e ia
iia auoue inouanoaeai, aaaeue a eaaeaeie aieinoe iaaei auei ioaeaoue ai
aeaaeaiea e?anoueyi iieiaeio caiee. Yoa caiey io/oaeaeaeanue io aa
aeaaeaeueoeaa. Eiaei ianoi io/oaeaeaiea caiee ca aiciaa?aaeaeaiea, eiaei
ianoi e aacaiciacaeiia io/oaeaeaiea, eiioeneaoeey. “Anee o iiiaueea
eiaaony 10000 aeanyoei caiee eee aieaa, oiaaea ioae?aaony o iaai
iieiaeia caiee aac anyeiai aiciacaeey”, — aiai?eony a iaeiii
iacaeii/aiiii io?uaea “?onneie I?aaaeu”, icaaeaaeaiiii “Aeaeaae
caiaeue”. Anee o iiiaueea eiaeinue iaiaa 10000, ii ia aieaa 5000
aeanyoei, oi oiaaea iieiaeia caiee o iaai oiaea ioae?aeanue, ii ca iaa
aeaaaeinue “aiciacaeea” eee aeaiaaeiiai oa?aeoa?a, eee caiey
aaea-ieaoaeue a ae?oaie aieinoe, ii n oai oneiaeai, /oiau iauaa
eiee/anoai aeanyoei o iaai ia i?aauoaei 5000. Iiiaue/uea caieaaeaaeaiea
(i?e iieiii oie/oiaeaiee e?aiinoiiai i?aaa!) ana aea /anoe/ii
nio?aiyeinue.
Naiiaea?aeaaea a ?innee ?aoeoaeueii oie/oiaeaeinue. Oie/oiaeaeny ia
oieueei naiue einoeooo naiiaea?aeaaey, ii e oece/anee eno?aaeyeny aanue
oea?noaothuee aeii: Ianoaeue aue noi?iiieeii oea?aoaeenoaa, eacie anao
aac eneeth/aiey /eaiia oea?neiai aeiia a naiii ia/aea ?aaiethoeee.
“?onneay I?aaaea” i?iaicaeaoaea ?anioaeeeo. Oanoay aeaaa “?onneie
I?aaaeu”, ii naeaeaoaeuenoao Ianoaey, aua ia auea iaienaia. A iae e
aeieaeii auei aiai?eoueny ia i?aaiecaoeee aa?oiaiie aeanoe. Iu ia eiaai
eceiaeaiey yoiai aii?ina a “?onneie I?aaaea”. Iauea ?anioaeeeaineea
onoaiiaee Ianoaey iaeaieaa ynii noi?ioee?iaaiu a “Ainoaea?noaaiiii
caaaoa” (e?aoeii eceiaeaiee aai eiinoeoooeee) e a iieacaieyo Ianoaey ia
neaaenoaee. Ianoaeue noi?iiiee eaeae ?aaiethoeeiiiie aa?oiaiie aeanoe
ia?iaea: “Ia?iae ?inneeneee ia anoue i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue eaeiai-eeai eeoea
eee naiaenoaa. Iai?ioea oiai, i?aaeoaeuenoai anoue i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue
ia?iaea, e iii o/?aaeaeaii aeey aeaaa ia?iaeiiai, a ia ia?iae nouanoaoao
aeey aeaaa i?aaeoaeuenoaa”. Ana nineiaey a ainoaea?noaa aeieaeiu auee
auoue ?aoeoaeueii oie/oiaeaiu e neeou “a aaeeiia nineiaea
a?aaeaeaineia”. Ieeaeay a?oiia ianaeaiey ia iiaea ioee/aoueny io ae?oaie
eaeeie-eeai nioeeaeueiuie i?eaeeaaeyie. Aeai?yinoai oie/oiaeaeinue
aianoa n ae?oaeie nineiaeyie, e ana ?inneyia iauyaeyeenue iaeeiaeiai
“aeaai?iaeiuie”. Iauyaeyeinue ?aaainoai anao ia?aae caeiiii.
I?eciaaaeinue “iainii?eiia i?aai” eaaeaeiai a?aaeaeaieia o/anoaiaaoue a
ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeaeao. A?aaeaeaineiai niaa?oaiiieaoey ?inneyiei
aeinoeaae a aic?anoa 20 eao. Ana a?aaeaeaia ioaeneiai iiea, aeinoeaoea
yoiai aic?anoa, iieo/aee ecae?aoaeueiua i?aaa (aeaiueiu ecae?aoaeueiuo
i?aa ia eiaee). A eiinoeoooeee Ianoaey ionoonoaiaae eiouanoaaiiue oeaic.
*oiau ecae?aoue e auoue eca?aiiui, iaaei auei auoue eeoue
niaa?oaiiieaoiei a?aaeaeaieiii ?inneeneie ?anioaeeee. Ianoaeue
i?aaeiieaaae, /oi ecae?aoaee ioaeaaeoo i?aaeii/oaiea aieaa i?inaauaiiui
ethaeyi, ii oeaica a?aiioiinoe o iaai a eiinoeoooeee ia auei: e
a?aiioiue, e iaa?aiioiue eiaee iaeeiaeiaia i?aai aieiniaaiey. Ianoaeue
aue a?aaii anyeiai oaaea?aeueiiai ono?ienoaa e noi?iiieeii aaeeiie e
ia?acaeaeueiie ?anioaeeee n neeueiie oeaio?aeeciaaiiie aeanoueth.
?anioaeeea Ianoaey aeaeeeanue ia aoaa?iee eee iaeanoe, eioi?ua
aeaeeeenue ia oacaeu, a oacaeu — ia aieinoe. Aaeaaiaeii a eaaeaeie
aieinoe aeieaeii auei niae?aoueny iauaa aieinoiia nia?aiea anao aeeoaeae
(caineia ia?iaeiia nia?aiea), eioi?ia auae?aei naieo aeaiooaoia a
?acee/iua “iaianoiua nia?aiey”, o. a. ianoiua i?aaiu aeanoe, a eiaiii:
1) a naia iaianoiia aieinoiia nia?aiea;
2) a naia iaianoiia oacaeiia nia?aiea;
3) a naia iaianoiia ie?oaeiia eee aoaa?ineia nia?aiea.
A yoe o?e i?aaia aeanoe auai?u auee i?yiua. “Ec anaai yanoaoao, — ieoao
Ianoaeue, — /oi ana iaianoiua nia?aiey eae aieinoiua, oae e oacaeiua e
ie?oaeiua eee aoaa?ineea aoaeoo ninoiyoue ec /eaiia, iacia/aiiuo a iiua
i?yii e iaiin?aaenoaaiii io caineeo nia?aiee, oai naiui e aoaeoo ana
/eaiu anao iaianoiuo nia?aiee ii anae oi/iinoe e a iieiie ia?a naiei
ia?iaeii ecae?aaiu”. Aeaaie iaianoiiai aieinoiiai nia?aiey aue auai?iue
“aieinoiie i?aaeaiaeeoaeue”, a oacaeiiai e aoaa?ineiai iaianoiuo
nia?aiee — “auai?iua iinaaeieee”. Eiiiaoaioeey iaianoiuo nia?aiee auea
aeiaieueii oe?ieie: iie auneooeaaee io/aou eniieieoaeueiuo i?aaiia
aeanoe a aieinoiuo, oacaeiuo e caineeo i?aaeaieyo, i?eieiaee e
?anniao?eaaee aeaeiau ia ianoiia ia/aeuenoai, auae?aee iiauo /eiiaieeia
ianoiiai oi?aaeaiey e ooaa?aeaeaee i?aaeieo, caieiaeenue anaie aeaeaie
ianoiiai cia/aiey, “aei aieinoe eee oacaea eanathueieny”. Ie?oaeiua
iaianoiua nia?aiey auae?aee, e?iia oiai, i?aaenoaaeoaeae a aunoee
caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai aeanoe Ia?iaeiia aa/a. Oaeei ia?acii, auai?u a
aa?oiaiue i?aai aeanoe a ?anioaeeea Ianoaey iaia/aeenue aeaoonoaiaiiua.
Ia?iaeiia aa/a yaeyeinue i?aaiii aa?oiaiie caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe a
ainoaea?noaa, iii auei iaeiiiaeaoiui: i?eioeeia aeaooiaeaoiie nenoaiu
Ianoaeue ia i?eciaaae. Eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue a ainoaea?noaa a?o/aeanue
Aea?aeaaiie aeoia. Ia?iaeiia aa/a i?aaeiieaaaeinue ninoaaeoue ec
ia?iaeiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae, auae?aaiuo ia iyoue eao. Oieueei Ia?iaeiia
aa/a eiaei i?aai ecaeaaaoue caeiiu, iauyaeyoue aieio e caeeth/aoue ie?.
Ieeoi ia eiae i?aaa aai ?inionea, oae eae iii i?aaenoaaeyei “aieth” e
“aeooo” ia?iaea a ainoaea?noaa. Aea?aeaaiay aeoia ninoiyea ec iyoe
/eaiia, eca?aiiuo Ia?iaeiui aa/ai ia iyoue eao. Aaeaaiaeii iaeei ec
/eaiia Aea?aeaaiie aeoiu auauaae ec aa ninoaaa aaeaeo enoa/aiey naiaai
n?iea e caiaiyeny ae?oaei ii auai?o. I?aaenaaeaoaeai Aea?aeaaiie aeoiu
yaeyeny oio aa /eai, eioi?ue canaaeaao a iae iineaaeiee (iyoue) aiae.
E?iia caeiiiaeaoaeueiie e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe Ianoaeue auaeaeye
aeanoue aethnoeoaeueioth, eioi?ay aeieaeia auea eiio?iee?iaaoue oi/iia
eniieiaiea eiinoeoooeee a no?aia e neaaeeoue ca oai, /oiau
caeiiiaeaoaeueiay e eniieieoaeueiay aeanoe ia auoiaeeee ec i?aaeaeia,
iinoaaeaiiuo ei caeiiaie. Oeaio?aeueiui i?aaiii aethnoeoaeueiie aeanoe
aue iaia/ai Aa?oiaiue niai?, eioi?ue aeieaeai aue ninoiyoue ec 120
/eaiia, iacuaaaoeony “aiy?aie” e ecae?aaoeony iiaeeciaiii. Aa?oiaiue
niai? iacia/ae, e?iia oiai, aeaaiieiiaiaeothuaai a?ieae ai a?aiy aieiu.
Noieeoeae ?inneeneie ?anioaeeee aeieaeai aue noaoue Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae.
Ii iaia/aeny a ea/anoaa noieeoeu ii iyoe i?e/eiai:
1) aue ?aniieiaeai a oeaio?a no?aiu;
2) iaoiaeeeny ia oaeiaiuo oi?aiauo iooyo (ia Aieaa);
3) Iaea?ueaaneie y?ia?eie niaaeeiye Aa?iio n Aceae a nooiiooiuo oi?aiauo
ioiioaieyo;
4) “inaiaiaeaeaiea ?innee io eaa eiiieaiaiiiai /a?ac Ieieia e
Iiaea?neiai ec naai ai?iaea i?iecioei”;
5) “ana ainiiieiaiey i ae?aaiinoe ieaeaai?iaeneie aeuoao naiaiaeith e
i?yiie ethaiaueth e Ioa/anoao, a ia e oe?aiai aai”.
Eiinoeoooeey Ianoaey i?iaicaeaoaea ao?aeoaciue i?eioeei — nayuaiiia e
iai?eeiniiaaiiia i?aai nianoaaiiinoe. Iia iauyaeyea iieioth naiaiaeo
caiyoee aeey ianaeaiey, naiaiaeo eieaiia/aoaiey e aa?ieniiaaaeaiey. Ca
niaea?aeaiea ia/aoiuo ecaeaiee aeiiaiua ioaa/aee oieueei i?aae noaeii.
Eaaeaeay aa?a iiaea naiaiaeii eniiaaaeiaaoueny a ainoaea?noaa, ii
cai?auaeenue iaeioi?ua ?aeeaeiciua iau/ae, iai?eia? iiiaiaeainoai o
ionoeueiai. Nineiaiue noae, ?acoiaaony, ioiaiyeny, aaiaeeeny aeaniue
noae i?enyaeiuo canaaeaoaeae, ?aaiue aeey anao a?aaeaeai. Ianoaeue aue
noi?iiieeii oe?ieiai ?acaeoey i?iiuoeaiiinoe a no?aia. Ii aue a?aaii
anyeiai i?eioaeaeaiey a i?iiuoeaiiinoe, n/eoay, /oi “iaeie
aieueiiiaaiiua ?aaioieee aeieaeiu au i?e anyeeo caaiaeao auoue
oiio?aaeyaiu”. Ianoaeue ionoaeaae naioth oe?ieoth e iaia?aie/aiioth
naiaiaeo oi?aiaee.
A?aieoeu ?inneeneie ?anioaeeee aeieaeiu auee ?acaeaeiooueny aei naieo
“anoanoaaiiuo i?aaeaeia”. Acaeyaeu Ianoaey ia iaoeeiiaeueiue aii?in auee
naiaia?aciu e iineee ia naaa ia/aoue aeai?yineie ia?aie/aiiinoe. I?aaa
ioaeaeaiey io ?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaa ae?oaeo iaoeeiiaeueiinoae
Ianoaeue ia i?eciaaae: ana ia?iaeu, ianaeyaoea ?inneth, aeieaeiu auee,
ii aai iiaieth, neeoueny a aaeeiue ?onneee ia?iae e iioa?youe naie
iaoeeiiaeueiua iniaaiiinoe. Ianoaeue ia iiieiae cia/aiey iaoeeiiaeueiiai
?acaeoey oaiaoaiiuo ia?iaeia e ia noiae iaeoe iooae e ?ac?aoaieth
iaoeeiiaeueiiai aii?ina. I?aaaea, oi?iaeueii ?onneee ia?iae ia eiae
eaeeo-ieaoaeue i?aeiouanoa ia?aae ae?oaeie ia?iaeiinoyie; ana aeeoaee
?innee iieo/aee iaeeiaeiaua iieeoe/aneea i?aaa. Ii a yoie aea
eiinoeoooeee iaia/aeenue aeanoieea ia?u i?ioea “aoeiuo” eaaeacneeo
ia?iaeia. “?onneay I?aaaea” i?aaeeaaaea “?acaeaeeoue ana nee eaaeacneea
ia?iaeu ia aeaa ?ac?yaea — ie?iua e aoeiua. Ia?auo inoaaeoue a eo
aeeeeuao e aeaoue ei ?inneeneia i?aaeaiea e ono?ienoai, a aoi?uo neeith
ia?anaeeoue ai aioo?aiiinoue ?innee, ?acae?iaea eo iaeuie eiee/anoaaie
ii anai ?onneei aieinoyi”. Ianoaeue n/eoae aeaeaoaeueiie e
o?enoeaiecaoeeth ia?onneeo ia?iaeia. *oi eanaaony iieueneiai aii?ina, oi
Ianoaeue i?eciaaae ca Iieueoae i?aai ioaeaeaiey io ?innee, ii i?e
neaaeothueo oneiaeyo: a Iieueoa aeieaeia i?iecieoe ?aaiethoeey,
oie/oiaeathuay oaiaeaeueiia oaiaoaiea e?anoueyi e nineiaee, aeieaeia
auoue i?iaicaeaoaia ?anioaeeea ia oao aea iniiaaieyo, /oi e a ?innee.
Iinea yoiai Iieueneay ?anioaeeea iieo/aea i?aai ia naiinoiyoaeueiia
iieeoe/aneia nouanoaiaaiea, ioaeaeyeanue io ?innee, ii nio?aiyea n iae
naiue “oaniue nithc” ia ie?iia e aiaiiia a?aiy, “aneaaenoaea eiaai au
Iieueoa iaycaeanue ana aienei naia i?eniaaeeieoue ia neo/ae aieiu e
?inneeneie a?iee, aeaau oai a iieiie ia?a aeieacaoue, /oi /oanoaa
ene?aiiae ae?oaeau e i?aaeaiiinoe e ?innee ieoaao e ieoaoue aoaeao”.
Ieai ioaeaeaiey Iieueoe aaaaeai aue a “?onneoth I?aaaeo” “a
i?aaeiieiaeaiee, /oi Iieueoa caneoaeeo naiinoiyoaeueioth iacaaeneiinoue
iinooieaie naieie e ia?acii naiaai aeaenoaey a ?ieiaia a?aiy ?inneeneiai
aic?iaeaeaiey e ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aia?aciaaiey”.
Oaeia aue eiinoeoooeeiiiue i?iaeo Ianoaey. Yoi aue ?aaiethoeeiiiue
i?iaeo ao?aeoaciiai ia?aono?ienoaa e?aiinoiie ?innee. Ii oie/oiaeae
e?aiinoiia i?aai e naiiaea?aeaaea, o/?aaeaeae ?anioaeeeo aianoi
ionoaeiai aaniethoenoneiai ainoaea?noaa. Ii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
naiaia?aciue ieai neeueiiai i?iaeaeaeaiey aia?aae ionoaeie
oaiaeaeueii-e?aiinoiie ?innee. Yoi aue naiue ?aoeoaeueiue, ?aaeeeaeueiue
ec eiinoeoooeeiiiuo i?iaeoia, nicaeaiiuo ?aaiethoeeiia?aie-aeai?yiaie.
Ainnoaiea aeaeaa?enoia
Nia?aiey aeaeaa?enoia ono?aeaathony a aeiia ioaeaeueiuo /eaiia oaeiiai
iauanoaa. Iie ano?a/athony a aeanoyueo naeiiao, othoiuo eaaeiaoao,
n?aaee ecuneaiiie iaaaee ec e?aniiai aea?aaa, iiae naiueth aaeeeieaiiuo
iieioai o?aioeocneeo e aiaeeeneeo ooaeiaeieeia, a ie?oaeaiee aiaaouo
nia?aiee eiea, aia?aaoeo a naay aaeaa ee ia anth aeooiaioth eoeueoo?o
iiiaeo aaeia.
Ii n?aaee ie?oaeaaoae eo ?ineioe /eaiu oaeiiai iauanoaa o?aieee iauoth
niei/aiiinoue, iauiinoue oeaee, naia aaeeiia i?aaeiacia/aiea e
i?ecaaiea. Ianiio?y ia ai?y/ea nii?u, iueeoth iieiaeinoue, no?anoiua
iienee aa?iiai iooe, iie ia caauaaee i aeaaiii, ia /oi ioaaaeeeenue.
Auno?i i?ieaoaei a?aiy iiaeaioiaee th?eaee/aneeo i?iaeoia e i?aaiecaoeee
ainnoaiey. Ianooieei a?aiy ?aoeoaeueiuo aeaenoaee. Iieeiaiee I. A.
Oiiaecei aeeaao a Iineaa a Noa?ieiithoaiiii ia?aoeea. Aai aeii noae
ianoii ano?a/ aeaeaa?enoia. Ia ?aaoey?iua nia?aiey i?eoiaeyo Ieeeoa
Io?aaueaa, a?aouey Na?aae e Iaoaae Io?aaueaau-Aiinoieu, Oaaei?
Oaoianeee, Ieoaee Eoiei… Nii?yo a iniiaiii ia onoaaa Nithca nianaiey.
Ia iaeiii ec nia?aiee ca/eoaee ienueii, i?eneaiiia Na?aaai O?oaaoeeei,
?ane?uaathuaa ieaiu eiia?aoi?a Aeaenaiae?a I i ainnoaiiaeaiee a?aieoe
Iieueoe, eaeeie iie auee aei 1772 aiaea. A yoi icia/aei iooi?aeaiea io
?innee Oe?aeiu e Aaei?onnee. *eaiu oaeiiai iauanoaa iio?ynaiu yoei
niiauaieai. Yoi oaea ioe?uoue aucia. Eiia?aoi? aeoieeny iaae
iao?eioe/aneeie /oanoaaie eaaeaeiai ?onneiai. Ii naiaaieueii ?aoae, eae
iinooiaoue n eneiiii ?onneeie caieyie.
Aeaenaiae? Io?aaueaa neacae oiaaea, /oi ai ecaaaeaiea yoiai ian/anouey
neaaeoao oyiooue ae?aaee, eiio ec ieo iieiaeeoue eiiaoe aeecie
eiia?aoi?a! Ii Eaai sseooeei cayaee, /oi iie oaea iiicaeaee! Ii ia?aui
?aoee oaeoue eiia?aoi?a aac anyeiai ae?aaey! AEaeaao i?eianoe naay a
aea?oao e ieeiio ia onooieo yoie /anoe.
sseooeei ?anneacae i naiai ieaia. I?e auoiaea Aeaenaiae?a I ec
Oniaineiai niai?a iinea eeoo?aee ii i?eaeeceony e iaio n aeaoiy
ienoieaoaie. Ec iaeiiai oaueao eiia?aoi?a, a ec ae?oaiai — naiiai naay.
Ii i?eaeano yoiio aeoo aeae aeoyee ni nia?oaeueiui enoiaeii aeey iaieo.
Yoi nia?aiea aioei a enoi?eth iiae iacaaieai Iineianeiai caaiai?a 1817
aiaea. Iii aoaeao iioii ?anniao?eaaoueny Neaaenoaaiiui eiieoaoii ia
i?ioyaeaiee ianeieueeeo ianyoeaa. Neaaenoaaiiue eiieoao aue o/?aaeaeai
17 aeaeaa?y 1825 aiaea «aeey ecuneaiey nio/anoieeia ceioiuoeaiiiai
iauanoaa». 29 iay 1826 aiaea aue ia?aeiaiiaai a Neaaenoaaiioth
eiienneth. Ii Na?aae e Iaoaae Io?aaueaau-Aiinoieu ia aeaee naia
niaeanea, iie i?aaeeaaaee iaeaaeaoue Iineaie n iiiiuueth a?iee. Iie
ai?y/i oaaaeaeaee naieo oiaa?euae, /oi oea?aoaeenoai ia iiaeao auoue
oeaeueth. Iieeoe/aneea ono?aieaiey oaeiiai iauanoaa nianai ae?oaea, e
iiaeiaiue oa??i?enoe/aneee aeo eeoue iiaoaeo aeaei.
A 1818 aiaeo auea i?iecaaaeaia ?ai?aaiecaoeey oaeiiai iauanoaa. Ia
iniiaa Nithca nianaiey aicieeea iiaay oaeiay i?aaiecaoeey — Nithc
aeaaiaeainoaey. Yoio Nithc /eneaiii aic?in (a iaai aoiaeeei aieaa
aeaoonio /aeiaae) e eiae ioaeaeaiey a Iineaa, Eeoeiaaa, Ooeue/eia e
ae?oaeo ai?iaeao.
I?aaeoaeuenoao noaiiaeony ecaanoii, /oi Ieoaee I?eia, iieeiaiee A?aaaa,
aaia?ae I. A. Oiiaecei, Ieeieae Oo?aaiaa, Oaaei? Aeeiea e ae?oaea
aioiayony i?eiyoue o/anoea a eaeii-oi nuacaea a Iineaa, aaea aeieaeia
auoue iniiaaia i?aaiecaoeey, oeaeueth eioi?ie aoaeao inaiaiaeaeaiea
e?anoueyi e niaia i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Oiaaea aeaaiia ?oeiaiaeyuaa yae?i
Nithca aeaaiaeainoaey, ninoiyaoaa ec noa?uo e eniuoaiiuo ai?oeia,
i?aaei?eieiaao oaeoe/aneee oiae: iii iauyaeyao, /oi Nithc aeaaiaeainoaey
i?ae?auaao naia nouanoaiaaiea iaanaaaea.
Oi?iaeueii oaeiia iauanoai aieueoa ia nouanoaiaaei. Ii oaea ia ae?oaie
aeaiue aue ?ac?aaioai onoaa, caeiaeaiu iniiau iiaiai oaeiiai iauanoaa,
i/euaiiiai io iaiaaeaaeiuo e iiaeic?eoaeueiuo /eaiia.
Auee nicaeaiu oeaio?u a Iaoa?ao?aa, oae iacuaaaiia Naaa?iia iauanoai, e
a Ooeue/eia — THaeiia iauanoai. A 1822 – 1823 aiaeao ia thaa auea
o/?aaeaeaia Aaneeueaaneay oi?aaa ai aeaaa n Na?aaai
Io?aaueaaui-Aiinoieii e iieiaeui Ieoaeeii Aanooaeaaui-?thieiui. Yoa
oi?aaa n/eoaeanue /anoueth THaeiiai iauanoaa Ianoaey.
Iaaeaeo Naaa?iui e THaeiui iauanoaaie i?ioiaeeee nii?u ii i?ia?aiiai e
oaeoe/aneei aii?inai. Naaa?iia iauanoai no?aieeinue e eiinoeoooeeiiiie
iiia?oee. Aai ?oeiaiaeeoaee iai?a?uaii oai?aoece?otho, oioyo aane?iaiie
iiaaaeu, ia/oatho /a?ac Naiao aaanoe eiinoeoooeeth e aeaoue naiaiaeo
ia?iaeo. Ai aeaaa THaeiiai iauanoaa noiye Iaaae Ianoaeue. Aeey iaai
nouanoaiaae oieueei iaeei iooue — ?aaiethoeey, eioi?ay i?iaicaeaneo
?anioaeeeo a ?innee!
Iinea nia?oe Aeaenaiae?a I a iiya?a 1825 aiaea ia i?anoie aeieaeai aue
acieoe Eiinoaioei, eioi?ue iaoiaeeeny a oi a?aiy a Aa?oaaa. Ii ii aua
i?e aeecie Aeaenaiae?a I cayaee i oii, /oi o iaai iao ie iaeaeoaai
aeaeaiey e iaia?aiey oea?noaiaaoue e i?aaeoue ?inneae. 30 iiya?y a
Iineaa auea i?eianaia i?enyaa ia aa?iinoue iiaiio eiia?aoi?o
Eiinoaioeio. Iieo/ea ienueii io Eiinoaioeia, Ieeieae ieoao iaieoano i
naiai ainoanoaee ia i?anoie. A oio aea aeaiue (12 aeaeaa?y 1825 aiaea)
i?iecioei aua iaeii niauoea, eioi?ia iio?ynei Ieeieay. A aeaayoue /ania
aa/a?a a Ceiiee aeai?aoe yaeeny 22-eaoiee iieiaeie /aeiaae. Yoi aue
aaeuthoaio aaia?aea Aeno?iia, eiiaiaeiaaaoaai aaa?aeaeneie iaoioie.
Iiaeii?o/ee sseia Eaaiiae/ ?inoiaoeaa aeieiaeee aeaaeo?iiio aaia?aeo ai
aeai?oea, /oi i?eaue ee/ii a?o/eoue iaeao yeiau io aaia?aea Aeno?iia.
Ieeieae, ?ania/aoaa caieneo ?inoiaoeaaa, i?i/ae a iae i nouanoaiaaiee
caaiai?a i?ioea aeeianoee, i iiaeaioiaea ainnoaiey /eaiaie oaeiiai
iauanoaa.
Ia?aae iieiaeuie ?aaiethoeeiia?aie noiyea no?aoiay aeeeaiia: aeai?aoe
ciae, /oi aioiaeony aoio. Iie ?aoeee, /oi aaeeinoaaiiui ?aoaieai aoaeao
ainnoaiea.
Ooaaii i?aaenoiyuaai ainnoaiey noae aeii Eiiae?aoey ?ueaaaa. O?oaaoeeie
aue eca?ai ?oeiaiaeeoaeai ainnoaiey.
Ia eaeea neeu iiaeii ?ann/eouaaoue? Iieee: Eciaeeianeee, Aaa?neee,
Oeieyiaeneee, Iineianeee, Eaea-a?aiaaea?neee, Aaa?aeaeneee ii?neie
yeeiaae. I?eia?iue ieai aeaenoaee aue oaeia: iieee i?eaanoe ia
Naiaoneoth ieiuaaeue; i?ecaaoue aienea ia i?eieiaoue i?enyae, a caoai n
i?oaeeai a ?oeao i?eioaeeoue naiao iaia?iaeiaaoue Iaieoano; ii?neea
/anoe e eciaeeianeea nieaeaou iai?aayony e Ceiiaio aeai?oeo, /oiau
a?anoiaaoue Ieeieay I e anth aai naiueth; Oeieyiaeneee iiee e a?aiaaea?u
aeieaeiu caoaaoeoue Iao?iiaaeianeoth e?aiinoue.
13 aeaeaa?y Ieeieae I noaiiaeony eiia?aoi?ii.
Oo?ii 14 aeaeaa?y Ieeieae ioaeaao i?eeac i?eiyoue i?enyao aieneai.
Ii a Iineianeii iieeo niauoey ?acaeaaeenue ii-ae?oaiio. A aeaayoue /ania
oo?a a iiee i?eaoae Aeaenaiae? Aanooaeaa. Ii aeoiae, /oi oaea
aaciaaeaaeii iiicaeae. Ii aaia?ae-iaei? aa?ii O?aaea?een oieueei aua
iaeanee ioeoeeaeueiua aeieoiaiou ec aeai?oea. Ioeoea?u ioi?aaeeenue ii
?ioai, /oiau iauynieoue nieaeaoai, /oi iaaei i?eianoe aua iaeio i?enyao
ia aa?iinoue eiia?aoi?o. Aeaenaiae?o. Aanooaeaa auoiaeeo ia?aae no?iai
iaeiie ?iou e ia/eiaao ?a/ue, ia?auaiioth e nieaeaoai. Ii ?anneacuaaao,
/oi ei eaoo, eo iaiaiuaatho. Iaeuecy aieueoa oa?iaoue ana yoi! I?ineo
ioeacaoueny i?enyaaoue, iiaeiyoue aiein i?ioanoa. Iiaia a?aiy
aa?aioe?oao nieaeaoai nie?auaiioth neoaeao.
Aeaenaiae? Aanooaeaa iiauaae a ?ioa Uaieia-?inoianeiai, caoai o
ioeoea?ia Aieeiaa e A?iea, eioi?ua ia auee /eaiaie oaeiiai iauanoaa. Iie
?ac?aoeee aunooieoue ia?aae eo nieaeaoaie. E nieaeaoneay ianna
o?iioeanue…
Ainaiuenio nieaeao n ?acaaaathueieny aiaauie ciaiaiaie iieea, n
aa?aaaiiui aiai ia?oe?otho e Naiaoneie ieiuaaee. Ia?aue iiee ainnoae!
Ieeieae I a Ceiiai aeai?oea. Ianeieueei ioeoea?ia yaeeenue aio
aeieiaeeoue, /oi a?oeeea?enou i?eianee i?enyao. Anei?a Ieeieath noaei
ecaanoii i ainnoaiee Iineianeiai iieea. Ii ioaeaao naie ia?aua
?anii?yaeaiey. I?eeacuaaao i?eaioiaeoue ea?aou, /oiau ioi?aaeoue aeaoae
e naith iaoue a nii?iaiaeaeaiee oneeaiiie io?aiu a Oea?neia Naei. Ana
aieineea /anoe noiee/iiai aa?ieciia i?eeacae iino?ieoue ia
Aaeie?aeoaeneie ieiuaaee.
Ia/aeinue ie?oaeaiea ainnoaaoeo.
Aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi? ii i?eeaco eiia?aoi?a iai?aaeyaony a Aaa?aeaeneee
eiiiue iiee, /oiau i?ecaaoue aai ia iiiiuue aeey ?ani?aau n ainnoaaoeie.
Ii a eaca?iao ia niaoeee, yaii oyioee a?aiy e i?aaeii/eoaee auaeeaeaoue.
Ieei?aaeiae/ (aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?) ?aoee nai iiaiai?eoue n ainnoaaoeie.
Ii aai ?a/ue ieeae ia iiaeeyea ia nieaeao.
Ii?o/ee Aaaaiee Iaieaineee, ia/aeueiee ooaaa ainnoaaoeo nieaeao, ?aoaao
acyoue anth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia naay. Aaaeue Na?aay O?oaaoeeiai iao ia
ieiuaaee. E oiaaea eiycue Aaaaiee Iaieaineee, aeeaeaeoee iiiiuiee
Eiiae?aoey ?ueaaaa, ?aoeoaeueii iai?aaeyaony e aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?o.
«A ii/aio y ia iiao aiai?eoue n nieaeaoaie?» — e?eeioe ?anna?aeaiiue
aaia?ae.
Iaieaineee o?eaeaeu i?aaeoi?aaeee aai. Caoai i?ie?e/ae: «Oae?aeny!» — e,
auoaaoea ?oaeuea ni ooueii o iaeiiai ec nieaeao, i?iicee aaia?aeueneoth
eioaaeue, iaian oaea? e naiiio aoaa?iaoi?o.
A yoio aea iiiaio i?icao/aee auno?aeu ec ea?a nieaeao. A Ieei?aaeiae/a
no?aeye Iao? Eaoianeee. Ioey ii?aceea a?oaeue aoaa?iaoi?a i?yii /a?ac
Aiae?aaaneoth eaioo.
Aie?oa iieii ia?iaea. Iiniio?aoue ia ethaiiuoiaeoaa niauoea nia?aeenue e
i?inoi caaaee.
A O?oaaoeeie ana aua ia iiyaeyeny…
Ia ieiuaaee noiyo e aeaeoo. Aaeece io nieaeao oaea ianeieueei /ania
noiyo oieiu ethaeae, eioi?ua i?eauaatho ni anao noi?ii. Ethaiiuoiua
ai?iaeaia cai?oaeeee e anth iaoe?iaeooth ieiuaaeue ia?aae Ceiiei
aeai?oeii. Ii naeaeaoaeuenoao aaeuthoaioa Ieei?aaeiae/a, ia iae
nia?aeinue ieiei aeaaaeoeaoe ouny/ /aeiaae.
Eiaaea iiyaeeny ia eiia Ieeieae I, ia?iae i?eiyeny a?inaoue a naeoo
iaeee e eaiie.
Eiia?aoi? i?eeacuaaao aaia?aeo Aeaenath I?eiao aoaeiaaoue neeaie eiiiiai
yneaae?iia aoioiaueeia ia ieiuaaee. I?eia iiaeaao eiiaiaeo e aoaea. Ii
i?ioea eiiieeia anoatho aaci?oaeiua ethaee. Iie n e?eeaie a?inatho oaiee
a aicaeoo, oaaoatho eioaaeae ca ocaeoeu. Aieaa io/ayiiua iaoiaeyo eaiie,
iaeee e a?inatho eo ai anaaeieeia. Yneaae?ii /aou?aaeaeu auioaeaeai aue
ionooiaoue!
Ii ia ieiuaaeue i?eauaatho iiaua ainnoaaoea aiaiiua /anoe. Ia iiiiuue
naiei oiaa?euai iiniaoeea ?ioa eaea-a?aiaaea?a Aeaenaiae?a Nooaioa,
/eaia oaeiiai iauanoaa. I?eaue ii/oe a iieiii ninoaaa Aaa?aeaeneee
ii?neie yeeiaae, iiaeiyoue iieiaeui aeaeaa?enoii Iao?ii Aanooaeaaui. Ai
aeaaa yeeiaaea eaeao aai noa?oee a?ao Ieeieae Aanooaeaa. Ia ieiuaaeue
i?eaue e iniiaiie ninoaa Eaea-a?aiaaea?neiai iieea ai aeaaa n iieiaeui
ii?o/eeii Iaiiaui.
Neeu ainnoaaoeo oaaee/eeenue aei o?ao ouny/ /aeiaae…
Ii ainnoaaoea /anoe oaea ie?oaeaiu aa?iuie Ieeieath I aieneaie. Ii
i?eeacae ?acaa?iooue iooee. N naaeyie iaaiei e ?oaeaeiui iaiai
ainnoaaoea ia iiaee i?ioeainoiyoue oaeie neea.
Ia Naiaoneie ieiuaaee ainnoaaoea inoathony a aacaeaenoaee. Ioaeii
eca?aoue iiaiai aeeeoaoi?a ainnoaiey, eioi?ue iinoaaee au eiie?aoiua
caaea/e ia?aae ioaeaeueiuie /anoyie. Aeeeoaoi?ii ainnoaiey iacia/atho
ii?o/eea Aaaaiey Iaieaineiai. E oaia?ue ?aoathueie aoaeoo ieioou,
eaaeaeay ieiooa. Ioaeii au?aaoueny ec naeeiathuaainy eieueoea!
Iaeei ec ioeoea?ia iiaeaaaeae e i?oaeeth e aeae ia?aue caei.
Iineaaeiaaee aoi?ie, o?aoee, /aoaa?oue caeiu. Oaea no?aeyee eci anao
i?oaeee ii ieiuaaee.
Ia iie?uoie niaaii ieiuaaee eaaeao oaeoua, oyaeaei ?aiaiiua. Iianthaeo
aaa?iaatho iyoia /aeiaa/aneie e?iae. Ii anei?a iaiiue ii ?aea oneeeeny.
Eaae noae eiiaoueny.
Naiaoneay ieiuaaeue i?aaenoaaeyea niaie oaeaniaeoaa c?aeeua. ?aiaiua
iiecee ii niaao. Ia?oaua onayee aanue aa i?inoi?. I?aia?aaeaineee,
Naiaiianeee e Eciaeeianeee iieee i?aneaaeotho iianoaioeaa, iauneeaatho
aeiia, eiayo ne?uaoeony nieaeao e ioeoea?ia.
A oio aea aa/a? Ieeieae I ieoao naiaio a?aoo Eiinoaioeio a Aa?oaao: «ss
noae eiia?aoi?ii, ii eaeie oeaiie, aiaea iie! Oeaiie e?iae iieo
iiaeaeaiiuo».
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
1. ?aoi?iu e ?aaiethoeee a ?innee. — I., 1988 a.
Aeaeaa?enou e Neae?ue. — Iiaineae?ne, 1988 a.
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