«Aeai?yia aeaee ?innee Ae?iiia e A?ae/aaauo, aan/eneaiiia eiee/anoai
«iueyiuo ioeoea?ia, caaeye, ea?oaaeiuo ea?ieia, aa?iaa y?ia?ie, ina?ae,
ae?a/oiia, naeoiia, na?aeueieeia», aea i?ae?aniiaeooiuo Iaieeiauo. E
iaaeaeo ieie, – ienae Aa?oeai, -?acaeeenue ethaee 14 aeaeaa?y, oaeaiaa
aa?iaa, auei?ieaiiuo, eae ?iioe e ?ai, iieieii aeeeiai caa?y… Yoi
eaeea-oi aiaaou?e, eiaaiua ec /enoie noaee n aieiau aei iia,
aieiu-niiaeaeaeieee, auoaaeoea niciaoaeueii ia yaioth aeaaeue, /oiau
?acaoaeeoue e iiaie aeecie iieiaeia iieieaiea e i/enoeoue aeaoae,
?iaeaeaiiuo a n?aaea iaea/anoaa e ?aaieaiey».
A.E.EAIEI
Noaeueaa iiiaeo ec aeaeaa?enoia iinea 1825 aiaea iaaeieai auea naycaia n
Neae?ueth, a /anoiinoe, n Eo?aaiii. Aiieia iiiyoai iniaue eioa?an
cao?aeueoeaa e aeaeaa?enoai, i?iaeeaaaoai a Eo?aaia, e eo aeecie e
aeayoaeueiinoe a ia?eiae eo?aaineie nnueee.
«Naiuie auaeathueieny aeayoaeyie aeai?yineiai ia?eiaea auee aeaeaa?enou
e Aa?oeai», – ienae A.E.Eaiei. A aeaeaa?a 1825 aiaea « ?inney aia?aua
aeaeaea ?aaiethoeeiiiia aeaeaeaiea i?ioea oea?ecia». (IIN, o.30,
no?.315). Aia?aua ?onneea ?aaiethoeeiia?u, ?ac?aaioaa /aoeoth
?aaiethoeeiiioth i?ia?aiio e i?iaaaey aeeeoaeueioth iiaeaioiaeo e
ainnoaieth, ioe?uoi, n i?oaeeai a ?oeao aunooieee i?ioea
naiiaea?aeaaii-e?aiinie/aneiai no?iy.
Iiae iauei iacaaieai – ainnoaiea aeaeaa?enoia – a enoi?eth aioee aeaa
aii?oae?iiuo aunooieaiee aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia: ia Naiaoneie
ieiuaaee a Iaoa?ao?aa e ainnoaiea *a?ieaianeiai iieea ia Oe?aeia. Ai eiy
?iaeeiu, a? aoaeouaai, oee aeaeaa?enou ia niaeia, ioe?uoia aunooieaiea
i?ioea ai?oa, ianeeey e ecaeaaaoaeuenoaa e?aiinoieeia iaae aani?aaiui
ia?iaeai, i?ioea ananeeueiiai oiaaea au? naiiaea?aeaaey.
Eo/oea ethaee ec aeai?yi iiieiaee, /oi e?aiinoiia i?aai yaeyaony
iniiaiie i?e/eiie ionoaeinoe ?innee. Eiaiii iiyoiio a i?ia?aiiiuo
aeieoiaioao aeaeaa?enoia, e i?aaeaea anaai «?onneie I?aaaea» Ianoaey,
?oeiaiaeeoaey THaeiiai iauanoaa, oie/oiaeaiey e?aiinoiiai i?aaa a ?innee
auei aeaaiui o?aaiaaieyi.
Aeaeaa?enou yaeeenue iineoaeyie ao?aeoaciie ?aaiethoeeiiiinoe, oioy e ia
auee i?aaenoaaeoaeyie ao?aeoacee. Eo aeaeaeaiey auei ia?aui i?iyaeaieyi
iac?aaoae ai?ueau, yaeeinue iaeiei ec neaaaaiuo anaie?ii-enoi?e/aneiai
i?ioeanna ?ac?ooaiey oaiaeaeueii-e?aiinoie/aneiai no?iy. Eaeaeiua enoiee
aeaeaa?ecia eaaeaee a naiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ?innee. Ia?iiioth ?ieue
a oi?ie?iaaiee eaeaieiaee aeaeaa?enoia nua?aee inaiaiaeeoaeueiua eaeae
eo i?aaeoanoaaiieeia – I. E. Iiaeeiaa, A. I. ?aaeeuaaa e ae?oaeo. Ii
iaiaei ii/a?iioee aoaeouea ?aaiethoeeiiiua ai?oeu oaeaea o
caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo i?inaaoeoaeae – Aieueoa?a, ?onni, Iiioaneuea,
Neniiiaee. Iaeiiaoe, iaiaeiaaaeioth ?ieue a oi?ie?iaaiee ie?iaicc?aiey
aeaeaa?enoia nua?aee eo aiaiiua iioiaeu a Aa?iio a ?yaeao ?onneie a?iee.
?onneea ioeoea?u, eae e nieaeaou, oaeaeaee e ociaee iiiai iiaiai ca
a?aieoeae, oaeiai, /aai iie ia ciaee e ia aeaeaee a iauanoaaiiie aeecie
?innee. Yoi e canoaaeei eo iieiaa ioeaieoue iauaa ninoiyiea no?aiu e
naeaeaoue naie auaiaeu.
A neeo eeanniaie ia?aie/aiiinoe aeaeaeaiey e aeiiouaiiuo ioeaie a naiii
oiaea aii?oaeaiiie ai?ueau, iaa aunooieaiey ia?auo ?aaiethoeeiiiuo
ai?oeia i?ioea naiiaea?aeaaey auee iiaeaaeaiu, e oea?ue Ieeieae Ia?aue
aeanoiei ?ani?aaeeny n ieie. Iaeiaei ainnoaiea aeaeaa?enoia nua?aei
ia?iiioth ?ieue a enoi?ee iaoae no?aiu. Aeaeaa?enou noaee ai?aeinoueth
?onneiai ia?iaea, aaeioiiaeythuei i?eia?ii aeey anao iineaaeothueo
iieieaiee ?onneeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia.
?ani?aaa oea?neiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa n aeaeaa?enoaie, eiia/ii, ia icia/aea
eiiaoe oiai aeaea, ca eioi?ia iie ai?ieenue. Aaaeue aeai?yineee ia?eiae
inaiaiaeeoaeueiiai aeaeaeaiey. A nouiinoe, oieueei au? ia/eiaeny, e
iinoaaeaiiua oeaee aeaeaeaiey i?aeoe/anee ia auee inouanoaeaiu. A ?innee
i?iaeieaeaei oneeeaaoueny i?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeo ainiiaenoaothuei
e?aiinoie/anoai e iinoaiaiii ?acaeaathueieny eaieoaeenoe/aneeie
ioiioaieyie. Ianiioaaonoaea eioa?ania ia?iaea n eioa?anaie
i?aaeoaeuenoaa, n caaea?aeeaathuae i?ia?ann oaiaeaeueii-e?aiinoie/aneie
nenoaiie i?iyaeyeinue an? neeueiaa e neeueiaa. Ii-i?aaeiaio, aiai?y
neiaaie aeaeaa?enoa Eaoianeiai, «auaiaeu eaciu auee niaa?oaiii
ianiaeaniu n auaiaeaie ia?iaea», ?aanoai e?anoueyi, eae e i?aaeaea,
«neeueii aeaenoaiaaei» ia iinayuaiiua oiu.
Ia?aui iinaeeeny a Eo?aaia aeaeaa?eno E.O. Oioo, i?iaeeaoee caeanue
aeaaiaaeoeaoue eao – n 10 ia?oa 1830 aiaea aei naiae eii/eiu 1 oaa?aey
1842 aiaea.
Ooaan-eaieoai Acianeiai iaoioiiai iieea Eaai Oaaei?iae/
Oioo(1799-1842aa.) aue /eaiii THaeiiai iauanoaa. I?ienoiaeee ii ec
iaeeiiiianoiuo aeai?yi e n aeaonoaa «ia ethaee a?oainoe e ieaeiei /eiai»
Ia neaaenoaee ii aeaeo i aeaeaa?enoao aae naay niaei, ioe?uoi. Inoaeeee
aai ii ainueiiio ?ac?yaeo e aa/iiio iinaeaieth a Neae?e, nie?auaiiiio
iicaeiaa aei 20 eao.
Nia/aea ii aue iinae?i Aa?aciaa, aaea aaaenoaiaae, aieiaeae, oieiaeae.
*oiau iaania/eoue naaa oioy au ne?iiiia nouanoaiaaiea, ecaioaaeeaae
?acee/iua iiaeaeee – ?aciua oaaaea?ee, ioiaeoooee. Caaieaa einoiaaeii,
caiyeny /oaieai iaaeeoeeineie eeoa?aoo?u, a iioii naeaeaeny iiiiuieeii
ianoiiai a?a/a. A Eo?aaia i?iaeieaeae naie iaaeeoeeineea caiyoey, caaae
aioaeo e /anoi aanieaoii niaaaeae oaeeo aea, eae nai, aaaeiyeia
eaea?noaaie. Ii iinoiyiii ioaeaeaeny a iaoa?eaeueiie iiiiue e
iiaeaea?aeea e iieo/ae a? ni noi?iiu ninoiyoaeueiuo aeaeaa?enoia –
Ia?uoeeia e ?icaia, i?eaoaaoeo a Eo?aai aeaoiy aiaeaie iiciaa.
Ana nnueueiua aeaeaa?enou iiaeaea?aeeaaee oaniua nayce iaaeaeo niaie,
ae?oaeeee, noa?aeenue ii?aeueii e iaoa?eaeueii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ae?oa
ae?oaa.
A iaa 1830 aiaea a Eo?aai i?eaue ia iinaeaiea aeaeaa?eno A.I.Eeoa?aa.
Auaoee ii?o/ee ii eaa?oe?iaenoa?neie /anoe, Aeaaeeie? Ieeieaaae/ Eeoa?aa
(1800-1840) oaeaea yaeyeny /eaiii THaeiiai iauanoaa. Inoaeaeaiiue ii
naaeueiiio ?ac?yaeo, eaoi?ao ii ioauaae a Ia?/eineeo ?oaeieeao, ioeoaea
a ai?aea 1828 aiaea aue ioi?aaeai ia iinaeaiea a ai?iae Eiiaeeine
Oiaieueneie aoaa?iee. Ionthaea ii oiaeaoaenoao iaoa?e, iaienaaoae
i?ioaiea oea?th, Eeoa?aaa ia?aaaee a Eo?aai.
N?aaee nnueueiuo A.I.Eeoa?aa, ieii/eaoee a nai? a?aiy ciaiaieooth
Io?aaueaaneoth oeieo eieiiiiaiaeaouo, yaeyaoothny i/aaii naiaiaeiiuneey,
auaeaeyeny oe?ioie naiaiaeiiuneey. Iiiaei auea ecaanoia aai
i?ioeaia?ae/aaaneay ?aaioa «Acaeyae ia aiaiiua iinaeaiey».
A oii aea aiaeo, /oi e Eeoa?aa, a Eo?aai aue ia?aaaaeai ec Aeoeia
E?eooneie aoaa?iee Ieoaee Aeaenaiae?iae/ Iaceiia(1801-1888) – auaoee
ooaan-eaieoai eaea-aaa?aeee Eiiii-Ieiia?neiai yneaae?iia, /eai Naaa?iiai
iauanoaa. Aia/aea oea?neee noae i?eaiai?ee aai – ii ainueiiio ?ac?yaeo –
e «eeoaiey /eiia, aeai?yinoaa e aann?i/iie nnueea ia iinaeaiea».
Aiineaaenoaee nnueea auea nie?auaia aei 20 eao.
I?ienoiaeee Iaceiia ec aiaaoie aeai?yineie naiuee. A aeaiue ainnoaiey
iaoiaeeeny a ioionea, iaeiaei aue a?anoiaai. Nia/aea aai ioionoeee, a
iioii iiyoue a?anoiaaee.
Ia?aacae ec Aeoeia a Eo?aai ii aeiaeeny aeaaiaea?y oiaeaoaenoao
aeeyoaeueiuo ?iaenoaaiieeia. Caeanue ii eoiee aeii e caa?e iaaieueoie
iai?iae. A naiaiaeiia a?aiy ethaee ?eniaaoue, /a?oee ieaiu aeiiia aeey
ai?iaeai, ninoaaeye i?iaeou oea?eaae. I?aaeiieaaaeinue, /oi ii aai
i?iaeoo a ai?iaea aue iino?iai ?iaeaeanoaaineee niai? ia n?aaenoaa
aeeceiai e aeaeaa?enoai eoioea N.E.Aa?aceia.
Caaaaey ciaeiinoaa n aeeyoaeueiuie ai?iaeaiaie. I.A.Iaceiia i?eaioiaee
oi?ioee i?e?i aeaeaa?enoai, i?eauaoei a Eo?aai iinea iaai. Oaiei
iocuaaeny i i?i A.A.?icai.
Ii?o/ee eaea-aaa?aeee Oeieyiaeneiai iieea, aeoeaiue /eai naaa?iiai
iauanoaa Aiae?ae Aaaaiueaae/ ?icai (1800-1884) i?ienoiaeee ec
i?eaaeoeeneeo aeai?yi, iineaoeo oeooe aa?iiia. Ia?aae 14 aeaeaa?y ii aue
o/anoieeii anao niaauaiee ia eaa?oe?a Eiiae?aoey ?ueaaaa e a aeaiue
ainnoaiey iiaeiye oeaeue aaoaeueii, neiaaa aeaeaeaiea aa?iuo oea?th
aiene ia Enaaeeaaneii iinoo. Caeanue ii i?inoiye aieaa aeaoo /ania,
auaeeaeay aeaenoaee ainnoaaoeo, e aioiaue, ii aai neiaai, iiaeaea?aeaoue
eo «o?aiy n iieiaeiie ?ioaie eee ainaiuethnoaie nieaeao, aioiauo
neaaeiaaoue ca iei iianthaeo».Inoaeaeai ?icai aue ii iyoiio ?ac?yaeo- ia
10 eao eaoi?ae n iineaaeothuei iinaeaieai.
A 1833 aiaeo ?anoouoth a?oiio nnueueiuo aeaeaa?enoia a ai?iaea iiiieieee
n?aco aeaa iiainaea – I. E. Ei?a? e I. I.Ia?uoeei, i?eauaoea ec
Caaaeeaeuea.
Ieeieae Eaaiiae/ Ei?a? (1795-1873) noae ioeoea?ii a Ioa/anoaaiioth aieio
1812 aiaea, neoaeee a Ayoneii iaoioiii iieeo, eioi?ui eiiaiaeiaae
?oeiaiaeeoaeue THaeiiai iauanoaa I.E. Ianoaeue. A 1825 aiaeo Ei?a? eiae
/ei iaei?a, ii aue aaneiia/ii i?aaeai Ianoaeth e iieueciaaeny o iaai
iieiui aeiaa?eyi. Inoaeeee I. E. Ei?a?a ii /aoaa?oiio ?ac?yaeo- e 15
aiaeai eaoi?ae, nie?auaiiie a iineaaenoaee aei 9 eao.
Ieoaee Ieoaeeiae/ Ia?uoeei (1798-11863) – aeoeaiue /eai Naaa?iiai
iauanoaa. N 1813 aiaea ii neoaeee eaea-aaa?aeee Iineianeii iieeo e e
1825 eiae /ei iieeiaieea.
Nui aiaaouo e ciaoiuo aeai?yi, I. I. Ia?uoeei iieo/e i?ae?aniia
aeiiaoiea ia?aciaaiea a Iineaa. Aua a 1818aiaeo ii anooiee a «Nithc
aeaaiaeainoaey», ioeoaea ia?aoae a Naaa?iia iauanoai a 1821aiaeo.
Iacaaeieai aei yoiai Ia?uoeei e A. I.Iaieaineee i?aaieciaae iniaia
iauanoai ioeoea?ia aaa?aeee, iieo/eaoea iacaaiea Eciaeeianeiai e
noaaeaoaa naiae caaea/ae ai?ueao ca eeeaeaeaoeeth e?aiinoiie caaeneiinoe
e aaaaeaiea ?innee eiinoeoooeeiiiiai ono?ienoaa – ia?aie/aiiie iiia?oee.
Yoi iauanoai oeaeeeii aeeeinue a ninoaa Naaa?iiai.
I?eaoaa a Eo?aai, Ia?uoeei n iiiiuueth aiaaouo ?iaenoaaiieeia,
i?eneaaoeo aeaiaa, eoieee aieueoie aeii, noiyaoee iaaeaeaei io O?ieoeeie
oea?eae. Aeii Ia?uoeeia a Eo?aaia, aeec Oiaiea, aei neo ii? nio?aieeny e
a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ?anoaa?e?oaony. E 150-eaoeth ni aeiy ainnoaiey ia
Naiaoneie ieiuaaee a iai aoaeao ioe?uo oeeeae iaeanoiiai e?aaaaae/aneiai
iocay, iinayuaiiue i?aauaaieth aeaeaa?enoia a Eo?aaia.
Eo?aai, aaea a 30-a aiaeu 19 aaea noi?ie?iaaeanue ia?aay a?oiia
nnueueiuo aeaeaa?enoia, aue iaeiei ec aeaayoe ie?oaia iaoe?iie
Oiaieueneie aoaa?iee. Ai?iaeie aue e?ioioiue, ii ?anoouee. Aai ianaeaiea
n 1825 aiaea ii 1837 aiae oaaee/eeinue ia 20 i?ioeaioia. Caeanue aeeei
777 eoioeia e iauai, 158 neoaeeoaeae eoeueoa e /eiiaieeia, 342
ionoaaieea, 220 ainoaea?noaaiiuo e?anoueyi e 137 e?aiinoiuo, 28
nnueueiuo. (E?iia aeaeaa?enoia auee nineaiu nieaeaou, ainnoaaoea i?ioea
a?ae/aaaneeo ii?yaeeia).
Aanue ai?iae ninoaaeye oiaaea eeoue o?e aacuiyiiua oeeoeu,
?aniieiaeaiiua ia nooii aicauoaiiii ianoa aeec Oiaiea. Nae/an yoi oeeoeu
Eeeiiaa (aei ?aaiethoeee – Aa?aaiaay), Eoeauoaaa (O?ieoeeay), Niaaoneay
(Aeai?yineay). Iaaeaeaei io aeiia Ia?uoeeia, eae oaea neacaii,
aicauoaeanue O?ieoeeay oea?eiaue, a ii/oe iai?ioea iaai – iiaea?iay
eaeai/a. Oai, aaea a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iaoiaeeony oeaio?aeueiay /anoue
oeeoeu Eoeauoaaa, oyioeenue eaaee ainoeiiai aeai?a. Eiaeanue a ai?iaea
nieaeaoneay eaca?ia, e eiia/ii, aunoaaeyee naay ia iieac ?acee/iua
i?enoonoaaiiua o/?aaeaeaiey.
Ia ai?iaeneeo ie?aeiao aeuieeenue eiaeaaaiiua, naeioiiaiiua e
iueiaa?aiiua caaiaeu.
«Iaei naaeia, iaei oaie e caeaie», – ioiaoee ?icai ii i?eacaea a Eo?aai,
a Ia?uoeei ai an?i ai?iaea iaia?oaeee eeoue aeaa yaeiie.
E an? aea iiiaia a ai?iaea iii?aaeeinue aeaeaa?enoai. A.O.A?eaaai,
i?eaoaaoee nthaea a 1836 aiaeo, ia aac ainoi?aa ienae aei/a?e, /oi
Eo?aai iieuecoaony ?aiooaoeeae neae?neie Eoaeee», eiay a aeaeo, i?aaeaea
anaai eeeiao. Aiineaaenoaee au? aieaa ?aaeinoii iienuaae naia ia?aia
aia/aoeaiea i Eo?aaia aeaeaa?eno I.A. Aana?aei. Ii niiauae nnueueiiio
E.Ae.sseooeeio a sseooi?iane: «Eo?aai iia iii?aaeeny. Ai?iaeie
i?aii?yaei/iue e ia acaeyae aan?eue. Ia ciath, eae aoaeao aeaeueoa, ii
iia eaaeaony, caeanue iiaeii aoaeao aeeoue e iieaaeeoue ni anaie.»
Aeaeaa?enou aeeee a Neae?e a oneiaeyo iinoiyiiie neaaeee ca ieie. Eo
ia?aacae n ianoa ia ianoi, ee/iia iauaiea ae?oa n ae?oaii e n
ai?iaeaiaie, ia?aienea – an? iaoiaeeeinue iiae iaonuiiui eiio?ieai
aeanoae, ia/eiay n naiiai oea?y Ieeieay Ia?aiai e eii/ay Ai?iaeie/eie e
eni?aaieeaie. E?iia oiai, ca ieie neaaeeee nae?aoiua aaaiou, eioi?ua
aeiiineee oiaieueneiio aoaa?iaoi?o i oii, /oi oneieuecaei io aci?a
ioeoeeaeueiuo aeanoae
Ii nouanoao, nnueueiue aaeeiiai oaaa oaaiooue aac aaaeiia ia/aeuenoaa.
Iiiaia i?eoiaeeeinue inouanoaeyoue oaeiui ia?acii.
Iaeiaei e a noieue aeanoieeo oneiaeyo ia?aie/aiey ee/iie naiaiaeu
nnueueiua aeaeaa?enou oaea iiiaia iiaee ii n?aaiaieth n eaoi?aie. Iiiaea
oiaee ?aniieiaeeoue e naaa aeaaea ia/aeuenoai.
I/aiue nei?i aeii Ia?uoeeia a Eo?aaia noae naiaia?aciui eeoaii nnueueiuo
aeaeaa?enoia.
?ac a iaaeaeth, iau/ii ii iyoieoeai, nnueueiua niae?aeenue o Ieoaeea
Ieoaeeiae/a e Aeecaaaou Iao?iaiu. Caeanue iie iaiaieaaeenue iiainoyie,
iieo/aiiuie ec ?innee e io aeaeaa?enoia, aeeaoeo a ae?oaeo ai?iaeao
Neae?e.
Iiciaa iiiaea e?anoueyia e ai?iaeaia oaeaeaee a eeoea aeaeaa?enoia naieo
canooiieeia e ia?auaeenue e iei n i?inueaie iaienaoue i?ioaiea a oo eee
eioth einoaioeeth, aeaeiao ia iaeae/eea. Ioioii ienaee aeaeiau
A.E.Eeoa?aa, I.E.Ei?a? e ae?oaea aeaeaa?enou.
Ae?oaeaneea ioiioaiey neiaeeeenue o nnueueiuo n eoioeii N.E. Aa?aceiui,
a caoai n /eiiaieeii E. Aieiaeieeiaui, neoaeauei aeiieo?aiiiai caaiaea
Eaeaeuaeiui, caieaia?ii Oaaei?iaui. Iniaaiii oaniay ae?oaeaa naycuaaea
aeaeaa?enoia ni niio?eoaeai Eo?aaineiai oacaeiiai o/eeeua –
aaeeinoaaiiiai a oi a?aiy i/aaa i?inaauaiey ai anai ie?oaa – Oeiioaai
Ee?eeeiae/ai Ea?aiaeiui.
Nnueueiua iiiiaee o/eeeuo neiiieaeoiaaoue oi?iooth aeaeeioaeo. I.I.
Ia?uoeei iiaea?ee aeey ia? eiea ii/oe ia 300 ?oaeae, A.O. A?eaaai – ia
125, i?eaoaaoee a Eo?aai a 1838 aiaeo aeaeaa?eno I.E.Naenooiia – ia 70
?oaeae. Yoi auea na?ueaciaeoiay iiiiuue. Aeinoaoi/ii neacaoue, /oi a
1842 aiaeo eieaeiue oiiae o/eeeuiie aeaeeioaee ninoaaeye ia 90
i?ioeaioia ec eiea, iiaea?aiiuo aeaeaa?enoaie. Naiia aeaaiia, yoi auee
?aaeeea eieae, niaea?aeauea ia?aaeiaua eaeae.
Iaiin?aaenoaaiii «eo?aaineea» aeaeaa?enou ia caieiaeenue iaaeaaiae/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoueth, ii a sseooi?ianea a oi a?aiy neaaeeanue oeiea,
iniiaaiiay aeaeaa?enoii E.Ae.sseooeeiui, e iie ieacaee niio?eoaeth
Eo?aaineiai o/eeeua O.E.Ea?aiaeio niaeaenoaea a iinauaiea yoie oeieu.
Aica?aoeaoenue ec sseooi?ianea, Ea?aiaei aeiaeeny i?aia?aciaaiey
oacaeiiai o/eeeua a aeaooeeanniia. Anth aeeciue n aeaaiaea?iinoueth
aniiieiae aeaeaa?enoia.
N?aco iinea i?eacaea a Eo?aai Ia?uoeei e ?icai oe?iei caiyeenue
naeueneei oicyenoaii, ia/aa n i?aaiecaoeee naaeai e ai?iaeai. Ii
i?inueaa Ia?uoeeia ?iaenoaaiieee auneaee aio ec Oeaio?aeueiie ?innee,
/a?aiee, eoeiaeoea, naiaia ?aciuo ?anoaiee –aeey i?eaeaie e iinaaeae, e
ii oaeaia neaaeothuee aiae au?anoee ia naiai iai?iaea oieiao, a?oeoiee,
eaionoo, ?aciuo ni?oia, a oii /enea naaieneoth e oeaaoioth, e aeaaea
a?aoc. A naaeo Ia?uoeeia iinaaeeee ana ii?iaeu aea?aaueaa,
i?iec?anoaaoeo a Eo?aaineii ie?oaa, a oaeaea ?acee/iua yaiaeieee –
aeoith, iaeeio, e?uaeiaiee. Au?aueaaee e naaeaioeu o?oeoiauo aea?aaueaa,
ne?aueaay aeeeea yaeiie n eoeueoo?iuie ni?oaie, iieo/aiiuie ec ?innee.
A eeoa?aoo?a i aeaeaa?enoao aei neo ii? aea?aeeony iiaiey, /oi a Neae?e
ia?eiae /ooue ee ia ana aeaeaa?enou iooiaeyo io ?aaiethoeee, i?eiueatho
e eeaa?aeai. Oaeea noaeaeaiey i?ioeai?a/ao aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Iaiaei
iaoa?eaeia i?yii e einaaiii naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi aeaeaa?enou ia
oieueei ia eciaieee eaeaaeii, thiinoe e ia n/eoaee ioeaeie naia
aii?oaeaiiia aunooieaiea, ii e iiiaea ec ieo noa?aeenue i?iaeaeiooue
aia?aae ?acaeoea ?onneie iieeoe/aneie iunee, i?aiaeieaoue naie
o?aae/anee ?ac?ua n ia?iaeii, i?eaaaeoe eaoano?ioa a 1825 aiaeo.
Aeaenaiae?iae/ Oaaei?iae/ A?eaaai (1792-1859) – auoiaeaoe ec
iaeeiiiianoiuo aeai?yi, ii ii aue ia?aciaaiiaeoei /aeiaaeii naiaai
a?aiaie, auaeaeyeny ciaieyie enoi?ee, eeoa?aoo?u, ae?aaieo e iiauo
ycueia. A Ioa/anoaaiiie aieia 1812 aiaea ii aue oyaeaei ?aiai ia
Ai?iaeeineii iiea. Aa?ioaoenue a a?ieth, o/anoaiaae a caa?aie/iuo
iioiaeao. Aai oyioei e ienaoaeueneei e?oaai. Ii aue ee/ii ciaeii n
A.A.AEoeianeei e E.O.?ueaaaui. ssaeyeny /eaiii «Nithca aeaaiaeainoaey»,
i?aia?aciaaiiiai caoai a Naaa?iia iauanoai. A 1821 aiaeo aue oaieai ec
a?iee a nayce n iiaeic?aieyie i nouanoaiaaiee oaeiuo iauanoa, ii ia
ii?aae n aeaeaa?enoaie aieioue aei 14 aeaeaa?y 1825 aiaea. Inoaeae?i aue
ii naaeueiiio ?ac?yaeo – e /aou??i aiaeai eaoi?ae n iineaaeothuei
iinaeaieai a Neae?e.
A Eo?aaia A?eaaai auno?i caaiaaae aaoi?eoao eae /aeiaaea aacoei?eciaiii
/anoiue, anai ioo?ii i?ioanoothuee i?ioea iani?aaaaeeeainoe, eeoieinoaa
e acyoi/ie/anoaa ianoiuo /eiiaieeia.
Ia eaoi?aa, e ia iinaeaiee A.O.A?eaaai iiiai nee ioaeaaae eeoa?aoo?iie
?aaioa. Au? a Iaeuia ii ia/ae niae?aoue iaoa?eaeu i aeecie nnueueiuo.
AEeay a Eo?aaia ?aaioae iaae caieneaie ii enoi?ee Iaaea Ia?aiai. A?eaaai
ia?aaiaeee oaeaea ?eineeo eeanneeia Oeaca?y e Naeethnoey, naycuaay yoo
?aaioo n i?inaauaieai ia?iaeiuo iann.
I?o? Ieeieaaae/ Naenooiia (1803-1889) i?eieioe e aeaeaa?enoai a 1823
aiaeo, aoaeo/e ei?iaoii Eaaaea?aa?aeneiai iieea. Eae iaeei ec
aeoeaiaeoeo /eaiia Naaa?iiai iauanoaa Naenooiia aue inoaeaeai ii aoi?iio
?ac?yaeo. Aa/iay eaoi?aa auea nieaeaia nia/aea aei 20, iioii aei 15 eao,
iaeiiaoe caiaiaia iinaeaieai. Iaueoaeueiue e aan?eue, Naenooiia a *eoa
nicaeae eaa?oao e oi? ai?iaeai. A Eo?aai ii i?eaoae a 1838 aiaeo e aue
caeanue oiaea, /oi iacuaaaony, ia aeaeo. Ii iaoiaeee a?aiy e aeey
iinauaiey ianoiuo aaeia, noa?aynue ne?aneoue auo nnueueiuo. Ecaanoia aai
noaouey, iaienaiiay a nnueea.
15 ia?oa 1842 aiaea, iinea aeanyoe eao eaoi?ae e iyoeeaoiaai i?iaeeaaiey
a Oo?einea a Eo?aai i?eaue ii ia?aaiaeo Ieeieae Aaneeueaae/ Aana?aei
(1799-1861). Ii i?eaoae nthaea n aeaiie-neae?y/eie I.A. Iaa?eiie. A
Eo?aaia I.A. Aana?aei niae?ae iaoa?eae aeey naieo aoaeoueo ainiiieiaiee.
Aeoeaii ia?aienuaaeny ni nnueueiuie aeaeaa?enoaie. Aue aeecie ii aeooo
aeaeaa?enoo I.A.Oiiaeceio, /aeiaaeo eneeth/eoaeueii ia?aciaaiiiio, ii
nouanoao, iaeiiio ec i?eciaiiuo eaeaieiaia aeaeaa?enoia-iinaeaioeaa
Niaei a?e naay a eo?aaineie nnueea O.I. Aaoiaeia (1775-1859) a
iieiaeinoe aue o/anoieeii noai?ianeeo iioiaeia. Ii o/anoaiaae e a
iioiaeao ?onneie a?iee 1812-1815 aiaeia. Aeineoaeeeny aei iieeiaieea.
Nui iaaiaaoiai iiiaueea, auo/aiee Noai?iaa e Eooociaa, Aaoiaeia niieiaeo
aue aeecie e nieaeaoneie ianna e ioee/aeny ia aieia o?aa?inoueth,
noieeinoueth, iacaaeneiinoueth noaeaeaiee. Yoe ea/anoaa nio?aiee ia anth
aeeciue. A Eo?aaia, ii ainiiieiaieyi nia?aiaiieeia, Aaoiaeia, auaay a
oea?eae, i?e aicaeana aeueyeiia a /anoue «aeaai/anoeaaeoaai
naiiaea?aeaaiaeoaai ainoaea?y!» oaeaeyeny.
A 1842 aiaeo a Eo?aai i?eaue Aeieo?ee Aeaenaiae?iae/ Uaiei-?inoianeee (
1798-1859 ). Ii i?ienoiaeee ec aiaaoie e ?iaeiaie naiuee, eiae
eiyaeaneee oeooe. A 1825 aiaeo 27- eaoiee eaieoai eaea-aaa?aeee
Iineianeiai iieea iieacae iniaoth ?aoeiinoue a ainnoaiee.
A Eo?aaia Uaiei-?inoianeee i?iaeee 14 eao, n 15 ieoya?y 1842 ii 1856
aiae. Eniuouaay ii?aaeaeaiiia aeeyiea ni noi?iiu A?eaaaia, ii aeoeaii
ai?ieny ca oeo/oaiey iieiaeaiey nnueueiuo, eniieueciaae i?e yoii
ciaoiinoue naiaai i?ienoiaeaeaiey.
Ianeieueei eao a Eo?aaia i?iaae E.N. Iiaaei-Oaaeeianeee.
Eaai Naiaiiae/ Iiaaei-Oaaeeianeee (1787-1845 aa.) aue inoaeaeai ii
ia?aiio ?ac?yaeo. A Eo?aaia aai iai?aaeee n?aco ii ioauoeth eaoi?ae. A
yoi a?aiy aio auei oaea 53 aiaea. Ii i?iaeee a ai?iaea n 9 oaa?aey 1840
aiaea ii 6 iay 1845 aiaea. Oia? a Eo?aaia e iioi?iiai ?yaeii n Oiooii ca
/a?oie ai?iaeneii eeaaeaeua, a ao?ueyia. Iuia caeanue ai?naae. Ia
iiaeeao aeaeaa?enoia, iaoaaeoeo aa/iue i?etho a Eo?aaia, ?aoaii
onoaiiaeoue iaaea?iauey.
Ia iinaeaiee a Eo?aaia Iiaaei-Oaaeeianeee aae oeooth, iacaiaoioth
aeeciue. Ii aue iaeiei ec oao, eoi iiei?eeny noaeueaa, ii, eae e ae?oaea
aeaeaa?enou, ieeiaaea ia ?aneaeaaeny a oii, /oi aue /eaiii Oaeiiai
iauanoaa. Aoaeo/e aaaeiui, ii ia inoaaee a Eo?aaia eaeeo-eeai neaaeia
iinea naay, anee ia n/eoaoue aeieaia e oie aeia?iou, eioi?ay au?aceeanue
a aai caaauaieyo eo?aaineie iiae?oaa aeecie A. Ae. Eacaieiaie.
Ii aaeaieth oea?y, auei i?eeacaii caaauaiey auiieieoue, «aeii i?iaeaoue,
aeieae oieaoeoue ec yoie noiiu»
E?iia ia?a/eneaiiuo aeaeaa?enoia, a Eo?aaia noaeueaa aeecei naaea. A.O.
A?eaaaia oaeaea n A. E. Ethoaeueaaea?ii. Iaiaei iauaai auei a noaeueaa
iaieo, ianiio?y ia ?acee/ey. Aeaaaeoeaoue eao ieii/ee Oea?neinaeueneee
eeoeae. Niieiaeo ienae aieueiiethaeaua noeoe, aue eeoeaeneei ae?oaii
A.N.Iooeeia e E.E. Ioueia.
Ii anooiee a Naaa?iia iauanoai iaeaioia ainnoaiey .Ethoaeueaaea? ia aue
aiaiiui, ii, ociaa i iaia/aiiii aunooieaiey i?ioea naiiaea?aeaaey e
e?aiinoie/anoaa, i?eiye a iai aeeaaeoaa o/anoea. N?aaee ainnoaaoeo ii
iaoiaeeeny n ienoieaoii a ?oea e oeaeeeny a aaeeeiai eiycy Ieoaeea
Iaaeiae/a, a?aoa oea?y, e aaia?aea Aieieiaa. Iuoaeny iino?ieoue
caiaoeaaoeony iao?inia Aaa?aeaeneiai yeeiaaea e iiaanoe eo a oouee.
Iinea ii?aaeaiey ainnoaiey A. E. Ethoaeueaaea? ne?uaaeny. Aai
caaea?aeaee a Aa?oaaa. Inoaeaeai ii aue ii ia?aiio ?ac?yaeo. Nia?oioth
eaciue caiaieee aa/iie eaoi?aie. Ieiei aeanyoe eao Ethoaeueaaea? i?iaae
a oth?ueia, aaea oyaeaei caaieae.
A Eo?aaia Aeeueaaeuei Ea?eiae/ aue ia?aaaaeai n iinaeaiey a Aa?aoceia.
I?eaue nthaea n aeaiie.
A naiii Eo?aaia ei aeeoue ia ?ac?aoeee, eae naiuea iniai iianiiai
«ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?anooiieea», e naiuey iinaeeeanue a i?eai?iaeiie
aea?aaia Niieaii.
Iaaieueoie e?anoueyineee aeiiee, aaea aeee Ethoaeueaaea?, nio?aieeny aei
iaoeo aeiae. Ianeieueei eao oiio iacaae ii aue ?anoaa?e?iaai.
A Eo?aaia ia caeaoa naieo aeiae, iieoineaioee, ecio/aiiue, oa?caaiue
caaioie i naiuea, Ethoaeueaaea? iaienae iaiaei noeoia ia iieeoe/aneea
oaiu.
N ?aaeeei ni/oanoaeyi ioiineeny A. E. Ethoaeueaaea? e e?anoueyiai.
Eiaaea aio aue auaeaeai o/anoie caiee a ae. Niieeii, ii ioeacaeny io
iaai, oae eae aieueoay /anoue yoie caiee auea caiyoa e?anoueyineeie
iinaaaie, e i?inee ioaanoe aio caieth a ae?oaii ianoa.
CAEETH*AIEA.
Aeaeaa?eci aue aaaeouei aeaeaeaieyi naiaai a?aiaie. Ii ieacae aeoaieia
aicaeaenoaey ia ana noi?iiu aeecie no?aiu e ia iineaaeothuea iieieaiey,
i?e/ai ia oieueei ia iieieaiey ?aaiethoeeiia?ia, ii e ia aieaa oe?ieea
ia?aaeiaua e?oae iauanoaa. Ieacaaoenue a Neae?e iinea ?aca?iia
ainnoaiey, aeaeaa?enou aaee naay eae ieiia?u i?inaauaiey yoie ionoaeie a
oi a?aiy ie?aeiu oea?neie ?innee, noa?aeenue aianoe naie aeeaae a
aeaeueiaeoaa inaiaiea aa, a ?acaeoea aa eoeueoo?u. AEeciue e
aeayoaeueiinoue aeaeaa?enoia Eo?aaia yaeyaony e?anii?a/eaui
naeaeaoaeuenoai yoiio.
Eniuoaa ia naaa iiiaea oyaiou e eeoaiey, ieacaaoenue a oneiaeyo aieaa
aeeceeo e aeecie ia?iaea, ioaeaeai e?anoueyineeo iann, iaeioi?ua ec
nnueueiuo aeaeaa?enoia ia oieueei ia oo?aoeee naiae aeai?yineie
?aaiethoeeiiiinoe, a a /ai-oi iaiaaoeee aa, oaeaeaee iiaua ai?eciiou.
Eiia/ii, inoaaaynue aeaoueie naiaai a?aiaie, naiaai eeanna, aieueoeinoai
aeaeaa?enoia ia niiaei i?aiaeieaoue o?aae/aneee ?ac?ua n ia?iaeii,
iiiyoue caeiiu eeanniaie ai?ueau.
Ia neaaua, a neeueiua noi?iiu aeaeaa?ecia auee i?iaeieaeaiu
?aaiethoeeiiiuie aeaiie?aoaie 50-70-oaiaeia.Iiaeoaa/aiiay ao?ae
aeaeaeaiey ia?iaeiuo iann, aeaeaa?enoneay ?aaiethoeeiiiay o?aaeeoeey
iaoea naia ieii/aoaeueiia caaa?oaiey, eiaaea i?ieaoa?eao, aaeeinoaaiiue
aei eiioea ?aaiethoeeiiiue eeann, ienae A.E.Eaiei, iiaeiyeny ai aeaaa
iann e aia?aua iiaeiye e ioe?uoie ?aaiethoeeiiiie ai?ueaa ieeeeii
e?anoueyi. Ieoya?ueneay nioeeaeenoe/aneay ?aaiethoeey inouanoaeea /ayiey
e iaaeaaeaeu o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea, ioe?uoa iiaoth y?o a ?acaeoea iaoae
?iaeeiu.
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