OAIA: Aeaeaa?enou e eo a?aiy.
?aceiaeaiea e e?ecen oaiaeaeecia i?eaaee e iiyaeaieth ?aaiethoeeiiiiai
aeaeaeaiey, iaecaaaeiiai a eeanniaii, yenieoaoaoi?neii iauanoaa. N
eiioea 18 a. a ie?a ia/aeanue yiioa ao?aeoaciuo e
ao?aeoacii-aeaiie?aoe/aneeo ?aaiethoeee, yiioa ei?aiiie eiiee
oaiaeaeueii-aaniethoenoneeo o/?aaeaeaiee e ii?yaeeia. Aneaae ca Aaeeeie
o?aioeocneie ao?aeoacii-aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?aaiethoeeae iineaaeiaaee
iaoeeiiaeueii-inaiaiaeeoaeueiay ai?ueaa ia?iaeia Eaoeineie Aia?eee,
eniaineay ?aaiethoeey 1820 a., ainnoaiey a Iaaiiea e Iueaiiioa,
iaoeeiiaeueii-inaiaiaeeoaeueiia ainnoaiea a A?aoeee 1821a., ?aaiethoeee
ai O?aioeee e a Aaeueaee 1830a e ae?oaea ?aaiethoeeiiiua aunooieaiey a
Aa?iia. A iaeei ?yae n ieie anoaei ainnoaiea 1825a a ?innee. Ana yoe
aeaeaeaiey auee iai?aaeaiu i?ioea oaiaeaeueii-aaniethoenoneeo ?aaeeiia,
ia onoaiiaeaiea ao?aeoaciie nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, oi?ie?iaaiea aioee?aiinoie/aneie, aioeoaiaeaeueiie
?aaiethoeeiiiie eaeaieiaee e ?acaeoea ?aaiethoeeiiiiai aeaeaeaiey auei
caeiiiia?iui yaeaieai. Iii io?aceei oa iiaua nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea
i?ioeannu, eioi?ua i?ienoiaeeee eae a Caiaaeiie Aa?iia, oae e a ?innee.
A ia?eiae oaiaeaeecia eeanniaay ai?ueaa i?iyaeyaony ii-?aciiio: a
?aeeaeiciie oi?ia (a?ane), a ia?iaeiuo ainnoaieyo a e?anoueyineeo
aieiao. Iaeiaei a oiaea e?anoueyineeo aiei ia noaaeeny aii?in i ei?aiiie
eiiea iauanoaaiii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee. E?anoueyia aunooiaee
i?ioea ioaeaeueiuo ee/iinoae e yaeaiee, ii ia i?ioea oaiaeaeueiie
nenoaiu a oeaeii. Ei aue naienoaai iaeaiue iiia?oeci. Iie ia eiaee
/aoeie iieeoe/aneie i?ia?aiiu, naiae iieeoe/aneie ia?oee, eioi?ay iiaea
au i?aaieciaaoue e?anoueyinoai eae eeann e iai?aaeoue aai ai?ueao i?ioea
eeanna oaiaeaeia. E?anoueyineea aunooieaiey eiaee noeoeeiue oa?aeoa? e
ia auee ii naiae nouiinoe ?aaiethoeeiiiui aeaeaeaieai.
?aaiethoeeiiiia aeaeaeaiea – yoi aunoay oi?ia eeanniaie ai?ueau,
ii?iaeaeaiiay oaeoaeythueiny eiioeeeoii iaaeaeo ?inoii iiauo
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo nee e onoa?aaoae nenoaiie i?iecaiaenoaaiiue ioiioaiee.
?aaiethoeeiiiia aeaeaeaiea e ?aaiethoeey eae aai eoia i?aaeiieaaatho
ei?aiiie ea/anoaaiiue ia?aai?io ai anae nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie
no?oeoo?a iauanoaa. A nayce n yoei c?aao e ?acaeaaaony ?aaiethoeeiiiay
eaeaieiaey, nicaeathony iieeoe/aneea i?ia?aiiu, oi?ie?othony
?aaiethoeeiiiua iieeoe/aneea i?aaiecaoeee.
I?e/eiu, aeaeaeouea neeu e oa?aeoa? aeaeaeaiey aeai?yineeo
?aaiethoeeiia?ia.
Aicieeiiaaiea a ?innee a ia?aie /aoaa?oe 19 aaea ?aaiethoeeiiiiai
aeaeaeaiey auei iaoneiaeaii oeaeui eiiieaenii yeiiiie/aneeo e
nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneeo aioo?aiieo e iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?e/ei.
Aeaaiay i?e/eia caeeth/aeanue a oii, /oi oaiaeaeueii-e?aiinoie/aneee
no?ie a ?innee a ia/aea 19a. yaeyeny oi?iicii aeey ?acaeoey
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee, enoi?e/aneiai i?ia?anna no?aiu. Aioo?e noa?iai
no?iy auc?aaae iiaue, aieaa i?ia?anneaiue, eaieoaeenoe/aneee.
Ianiioaaonoaea iaaeaeo auno?i ?anooueie, iiauie i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuie
neeaie e noa?uie oaiaeaeueii0e?aiinoie/aneeie i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuie
ioiioaieyie ii?iaeeei ?aaiethoeeiiiia aeaeaeaiea. Eo/oea ethaee ?innee
iiieiaee, /oi nio?aiaiea e?aiinoie/anoaa e naiiaea?aeaaey aeaaeueii aeey
aeaeueiaeoae noaeueau no?aiu. Oaeei ia?acii, oi?ie?iaaiea
aioee?aiinoie/aneie e aioenaiiaea?aeaaiie ?aaiethoeeiiiie eaeaieiaee –
yoi iaeia ec aaaeiaeoeo i?e/ei, iaoneiaeaoeo iiyaeaiea a ?innee
?aaiethoeeiiiiai aeaeaeaiey.
Ae?oaay i?e/eia – oneeaiea i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie ?aaeoeee, eae iineaaeiaai
n?aaenoaa naiiaea?aeaaii-e?aiinoie/aneiai ?aaeeia iiaeaea?aeaoue e
nio?aieoue ?aceaaathueeny oaiaeaeueiue no?ie. Iinea ieii/aiey
Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu 1812a. a ?innee onoaiiaeeny i?a/iue iieeoe/aneee
?aaeei – a?ae/aaaueia – ii oaieeee oea?neiai ethaeioea, i?aaenaaeaoaey
aiaiiiai aeaia?oaiaioa Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Niaaoa, aeaaiiai ia/aeueieea
aiaiiuo iinaeaiee a?aoa A.A. A?ae/aaaa. A?ae/aaaueia i?iyaeyeanue a
iieeoeaeneii i?iecaiea, ianaaeaeaiee iaei/iie aeenoeeieeiu a a?iee,
aeanoieii iiaeaaeaiee ethauo i?eciaeia naiaiaeiiuneey.
?aaeoeey aioo?e no?aiu nii?iaiaeaeaeanue e ?aaeoeeiiiie aiaoiae
iieeoeeie. Ii eieoeeaoeaa e i?e aeoeaiii o/anoee Aeaenaiae?a 1 a 1815a
aue nicaeai «Nayuaiiue nithc» aeey ai?ueau n ?aaiethoeeiiiui e
iaoeeiiaeueii-inaiaiaeeoaeueiui aeaeaeaieai. A iaai aioee o?e no?aiu –
?inney, I?onney Aano?ey. O/anoieoeu «Nayuaiiiai nithca» ia
inoaiaaeeaaeenue ia?aae i?yiie aiaiiie eioa?aaioeeae a oa no?aiu, aaea
aicieeaee ?aaiethoeee. Oae, a 20-a aiaeu 19 aaea auee iiaeaaeaiu
ao?aeoaciua ?aaiethoeee a Eoaeee e Eniaiee. ?aaeoeey ai aioo?aiiae e
aiaoiae iieeoeea oea?ecia aucuaaea i?ioano o ia?aaeiauo ethaeae oiai
a?aiaie e yaeyeanue aoi?ie i?e/eiie aicieeiiaaiey ?aaiethoeeiiiiai
aeaeaeaiey a ?innee.
O?aouey i?e/eia ninoiyea a iauai oooaeoaiee iieiaeaiey ia?iaeiuo iann.
Oua?a, iaianaiiue aieiie, en/eneyeny a 1 ie?ae. ?oa. Iiiaea aoaa?iee,
iniaaiii oa, ii eioi?ui i?ioae a?aa, auee ?aci?aiu. Aa?ioaoenue a naie
eiaiey, aeai?yia oneeeee aiao, iuoaynue ca n/ao e?anoueyinoaa oeo/oeoue
oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea. Yoi aucaaei aieiae, iaieuaiea aea?aaie. Oyaeaeui
auei iieiaeaiea ia oieueei /anoiiaeaaeaeue/aneeo, ii e ainoaea?noaaiiuo
e?anoueyi. Ceioiio?aaeaiey /eiiaieeia iiiaeeeenue aiae io aiaea. E?iia
oiai, oeaeua ?aeiiu, ianaeaiiua eacaiiuie e?anoueyiaie, n 1816 aiaea
auee ia?aaaaeaiu ia iieiaeaiea aiaiiuo iinaeaiee. Yoi auea iniaay oi?ia
eiiieaeoiaaiey e niaea?aeaiey a?iee. Iie iaeiia?aiaiii auiieiyee ana
naeueneioicyenoaaiiua ?aaiou e ianee aiaiioth neoaeao. Any aeeciue
e?anoueyieia e aai naiuee auea no?iai ?aaeaiaioe?iaaia. E?anoueyia
anoaaaee ii neaiaeo, ia iieaaua ?aaiou oee iiae aa?aaaiiue aie,
e?anoueyiee oiieee ia/e a iaeii e oiaea a?aiy ai anao aeiiao. Ca
iaeaeoaa ia?ooaiea ?anii?yaeaiee ia/aeuenoaa neaaeiaaei oyaeaeia
oaeaniia iaeacaiea. E?anoueyia e ana ia?aaeiaua ethaee n aiciouaieai
ano?aoeee aaaaeaiea aiaiiuo iinaeaiee, ii Aeaenaiae? cayaee, /oi
«aiaiiua iinaeaiey aoaeoo ai /oi au oi ie noaei, oioy au i?eoeinue
oeiaeeoue o?oiaie aei?iao io Iaoa?ao?aa aei *oaeiaa» (?annoiyiea aieaa
100 ei).
?aaiethoeeiiiia aeaeaeaiea aicieeei e ?acaeaaeinue ia oiia iaino?aiey
eeanniaie ai?ueau. Aei Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu 1812a. a n?aaeiai a aiae auei
ieiei 18 e?anoueyineeo aunooieaiee, a a 1815-1825aa – ia iaiaa 32.
Iniaaiii oii?iui auei aeaeaeaiea ia Aeiio a 1818-1820aa.
Oneeaiea yenieoaoaoeee i?eaaei e ?inoo iaaeiaieuenoaa n?aaee ?aaioiuo
ethaeae ai Aeaaeeie?neie aoaa?iee e ia O?aeueneeo caaiaeao. Aieiaiey
e?anoueyi e ?aaioiuo ethaeae /anoi iiaeaaeyeenue n iiiiuueth aiaiiie
neeu.
Iaeiaei niauoey 20-o aiaeia iieacaee i?aaeoaeuenoao, /oi ia anaaaea iii
iiaeao ?ann/eouaaoue ia aa?iinoue naieo aiene. AEanoieee ?aaeei i?eaae e
oiio, /oi a aieneao, aiaiiuo iinaeaieyo e aeaaea a aaa?aeee, naiie
iaaeaaeiie /anoe a?iee, ia/aei ?anoe iaaeiaieuenoai. A 1816-1825aa a
a?iee i?iecioei 27 aunooieaiee. Iaeaieaa e?oiiua aieiaiey aiaiiuo
iinaeyi auee a 1817a a Iiaai?iaeneie, Oa?niineie aoaa?ieyo e a *oaoaaa
eaoii 1819a (Neiaiaeneay Oe?aeia). Aeey iiaeaaeaiey *oaoaaneiai
ainnoaiey auee aeaeioou 4 iieea iaoiou e 18 yneaae?iiia eiiieoeu,
i?eiaiyeanue aeaaea a?oeeea?ey. ?ani?aao n ainnoaaoeie aicaeaaee nai
A?ae/aaa. A?anoiaaee aieaa 2 oun. o/anoieeia, iiiaeo ec ieo canaeee aei
nia?oe, i?iaiaa 12 ?ac /a?ac no?ie a 1 oun. /aeiaae.
Iaeiei ec e?oiiaeoeo aieiaiee yaeeinue aunooieaiea a 1820a aaa?aeaeneiai
Naiaiianeiai iieea. Aeiaaaeaiiay aei io/ayiey iooo?ie e aan/aeiaa/iui
ioiioaieai naiaai iieeiaiai eiiaiaee?a, ainoaea?aaa «aieiaiay ?ioa»
auoea ec iiaeiiaaiey, ca iae acaoioiaaeny aanue iiee. I?ieeaiaoeee
naiaiiaoeaa ?ani?ino?aiyeenue e a ae?oaeo /anoyo Iaoa?ao?aneiai
aa?ieciia. Nieaeaoneea o?aaiaaiey ia?aeeeeaeenue n e?anoueyineeie.
Aunooieaiea naiaiiaoeaa aeanoiei iiaeaaeei aunooieaiea – 24 /aeiaaea
i?iaiaee neaicue no?ie 6 ?ac, 400 nieaeao ioi?aaeee a nnueeo, aanue iiee
?anoi?ie?iaaee e iaa?aee caiiai.
Ana yoi aiai?eei i oii, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiay iieeoeea ia iaoiaeeea
iiaeaea?aeee ie n?aaee ia?aaeiauo ia?aciaaiiuo ethaeae, ie n?aaee
oe?ieeo ia?iaeiuo iann: e?anoueyi, ?aaioiuo ethaeae e nieaeao. Eeanniaay
ai?ueaa auea aua iaeiie i?e/eiie aicieeiiaaiey aioee?aiinoie/aneie
eaeaieiaee e ?aaiethoeeiiiiai aeaeaeaiey.
Aieueoia aeeyiea ia oi?ie?iaaiea ?aaiethoeeiiiiai ie?iaicc?aiey ieacaea
Ioa/anoaaiiay aieia 1912a. «Eaaeaeue e?anoueyiei – aa?ie», – aiai?ee
aeaeaa?eno N.A. Aieeiineee. Ia?iae, iiaaaeeaoee Iaiieaiia, i?eianoee
inaiaiaeaeaiea ia?iaeai Aa?iiu io iaoeeiiaeueiiai ii?aaiuaiey, ieacaeny
iinea aieiu a i?aaeiai ninoiyiee, o.a. a e?aiinoiie caaeneiinoe. «Iu
ecaaaeee ?iaeeio io oe?aia, a ian iiyoue oe?aiyo ainiiaea», – aiai?eee
e?anoueyia, eioi?uo iiiaueee niiaa aiaee ia aa?ueio. No?aaeaiey ia?iaea,
aai ?aaneia iieiaeaiea ia i?ioee ieii aieiaiey eo/oeo i?aaenoaaeoaeae
ia?aaeiaiai aeai?yinoaa. Iiauaaa ai a?aiy caa?aie/iuo iioiaeia a
Aa?iaiee, O?aioeee e a ae?oaeo no?aiao Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu, iie
oaaaeaeaeenue, /oi e?aiinoie/anoai – yaeaiea ia iianaianoiia e aiana ia
iaycaoaeueiia. E?aiinoiia i?aai iici?eei ?inneth. Ciaeiinoai n
aa?iiaeneie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth e n iieiaeaieai aa?iiaeneiai
e?anoueyinoaa oaaaeeei ia?aaeiauo aeai?yi, /oi eeeaeaeaoeey
e?aiinoie/anoaa iiiiaeao ia?iaeo oeo/oeoue naia iieiaeaiea e aoaeao
niinianoaiaaoue i?ia?anno ?innee. Yoe iunee iieiaeuo aeai?yi iaoiaeeee
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea o o?aioeocneeo i?inaaoeoaeae (o Aieueoa?a, ?onni,
Iiioaneuea, ?aeiaey e o.ae.), a oaeaea o ?onneeo i?inaaoeoaeae (o
?aaeeuaaa e aai iineaaeiaaoaeae). «Iu ana auee aeaoe 1812a», – aiai?ee
aeaeaa?eno I.E. Io?aaueaa-Aiinoie. Oaeei ia?acii, Ioa/anoaaiiay aieia
1812a. ieacaea ia?iiiia aeeyiea ia oi?ie?iaaiea aioee?aiinoie/aneie
eaeaieiaee e ca?iaeaeaiea ?aaiethoeeiiiiai aeaeaeaiey a ?innee.
?aaiethoeeiiiua niauoey a Aa?iia e Eaoeineie Aia?eea ieacaee aieueoia
aeeyiea ia i?ia?anneaiuo ethaeae ?innee e yaeeenue iaeiie ec i?e/ei
aicieeiiaaiey a iae ?aaiethoeeiiiiai aeaeaeaiey.
Iauaeoeaii aeaeaeaiea aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia eiaei
aioeoaiaeaeueiue, ao?aeoaciue oa?aeoa?. Aeaaiua eo o?aaiaaiey –
eeeaeaeaoeey e?aiinoiiai i?aaa e naiiaea?aeaaey – auee eicoiaaie
ao?aeoaciie ?aaiethoeee. Eo iiaaaea ?an/enoeea au aei?iao aeey ?acaeoey
eaieoaeenoe/aneeo ioiioaiee. Naiaia?acea ?innee ninoiyei a oii, /oi
eaeath ao?aeoaciiai ?acaeoey au?aaeaea ia ao?aeoacey, a i?aaenoaaeoaee
aeai?yinoaa, ia?aoaaeoea ia ?aaiethoeeiiiua iiceoeee e ii?aaaoea ni
naiei eeannii. Iie aiyeenue ?aciaoa ia?iaeiiai aeaeaeaiey e caieioeenue
a oceea, caaiai?ue/aneea i?aaiecaoeee. Yoi iaoneiaeei neaainoue
aeai?yineie ?aaiethoeeiciinoe e ii?aaeaiea aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia.
Eoae, ia?aia ?aaiethoeeiiiia aeaeaeaiea a ?innee auei ao?aeoaciui ii
caaea/ai, ii aeai?yineei ii aeaeaeouei neeai.
Ia?aua i?aaiecaoeee aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia.
Ia?aia oaeiia iauanoai aoaeoueo aeaeaa?enoia ia?aciaaeinue a ianoaiiaea
iaoeeiiaeueii-iao?eioe/aneiai iiaeuaia, iiyaeaiey
eeaa?aeueii-iiiiceoeeiiiuo eaeae anei?a iinea aica?auaiey ?onneeo aiene
ec inaiaiaeeoaeueiuo caa?aie/iuo iioiaeia. A iiiaio nicaeaiey (oaa?aeue
1816a) yoi iauanoai iacuaaeinue Nithc nianaiey, a n 1817a iinea i?eiyoey
onoaaa – Iauanoai enoeiiuo e aa?iuo nuiia Ioa/anoaa. Aai i?aaiecaoi?aie
e ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie auee A.I. e I.E. Io?aaueaau, N.I. O?oaaoeeie, E.Ae.
sseooeei, a?aouey N.E. e I.E. Io?aaueaau-Aiinoieu, I.E. Ianoaeue.
Iauanoai ian/eouaaei anaai 30 /aeiaae, oae eae i?eieiaeenue a iaai ii
i/aiue no?iaiio ioai?o oieueei ioeoea?u aaa?aeaeneeo iieeia e
Aaia?aeueiiai ooaaa. Yoi auea caieiooay a?oiia caaiai?ueeia. Onoaa
iauanoaa – «Noaooo» (ia aeioae aei ian, ii a iieacaieyo ia neaaenoaee
aeaeaa?enou ?ane?uee aai niaea?aeaiea) – oi?ioee?iaae aeaaiua caaea/e:
eeeaeaeaoeey e?aiinoiiai i?aaa eae iniiaiiai cea, iaoaaoaai i?ia?anno
?innee, e oie/oiaeaiea naiiaea?aeaaey, iiaeaea?aeeaathuaai e?aiinoiia
i?aai. «Noaooo» iaia/ae oaeoeeo ia?aai?ioa – i?e niaia eiia?aoi?ia
i?eioaeeoue iiaiai oea?y aeaoue ?innee eiinoeoooeeth. Aei i?eiyoey
eiinoeoooeee /eaiu iauanoaa ia aeieaeiu auee i?enyaaoue iiaiio
eiia?aoi?o.
Oaeei ia?acii, /eaiu Nithca nianaiey aua ia iiiuoeyee i aaaaeaiee a
?innee ?anioaeeee. Iie i?eaea?aeeaaeenue i?eioeeia eiinoeoooeeiiiie
iiia?oee.
*a?ac aeaa aiaea noaei ynii, /oi e?oaeie neeoeii ocie, /oiau aeiaeoueny
oniaoa. Ia?aia oaeiia iauanoai auei eeeaeaee?iaaii e aianoi iaai a
1818a. nicaeaia iiaay i?aaiecaoeey – Nithc aeaaiaeainoaey (1818-1821).
Ia?aia eiinie?aoeaiia niaauaiea i?ienoiaeeei a Iineaa a iiiauaiee
Oaiiaie/aneeo eaca?i a Oaoneii aeiia.
Nithc aeaaiaeainoaey ioee/aeny io Nithca nianaiey aieaa no?ieiie
no?oeoo?ie e aieueoei /eneii /eaiia (ieiei 200 /aeiaae)
Auea eca?aia Ei?aiiay oi?aaa eae ?oeiaiaeyuee i?aai iauanoaa, a oaeaea
Niaao (Aeoia), iaeaaeaaoee eniieieoaeueiie aeanoueth. I?aaiecaoi?aie e
?oeiaiaeeoaeyie Nithca auee A.I. e I.I. Io?aaueaau, a?aouey N.E. e
I.E. Io?aaueaau-Aiinoieu, I.E. Ianoaeue, E.Ae. sseooeei, I.N. Eoiei e
ae?. Iauanoai eiaei i?aaiecaoeee (oi?aau) a Iineaa e ia ia?eoa?ee (a
Ooeue/eia, Eeoeiaaa e o.ae.). Auee au?aaioaiu i?ia?aiia e onoaa,
iacaaiiue «Caeaiie eieaie» ii oeaaoo ia?aieaoa.
Aeaaiay caaea/a iauanoaa ninoiyea a oi?ie?iaaiee ia?aaeiaiai
iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey, aaeoaoeee i?ioea e?aiinoie/anoaa e naiiaea?aeaaey.
Aeey yoiai i?aaeiieaaaeinue ?acaa?iooue oe?ieoth i?iiaaaiaeo ia?aaeiauo
acaeyaeia ai anao nineiaeyo ?inneeneiai iauanoaa. Oaeei ia?acii, /a?ac
10 eao, n/eoaee aeaeaa?enou, iauanoaaiiia iiaiea aoaeao iano?iaii i?ioea
naiiaea?aeaaey e e?aiinoie/anoaa, ianooieo y?a ?aaiethoeee . Ai aeaaa aa
iieaeoo oaaaeaeaiiua, ia?aaeiaua a?aaeaeaia. *eaiu iauanoaa iaaeayeenue,
/oi oaeanony ecaaaeaoue iauanoaaiiuo iio?ynaiee, oae eae iniiaiay ianna
ianaeaiey aoaeao iiaeaioiaeaia e ia?aai?ioo a ?innee. Naiiaea?aeaaea
?ooiao, e?aiinoiia i?aai aoaeao ioiaiaii e ie/oi ia iiiaoaao
i?ia?anneaiiio ?acaeoeth no?aiu. Oaeiau auee ooiie/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey
aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia i oa?aeoa?a e iaoiaeao iauanoaaiiiai
ia?aai?ioa a ?innee.
A «Caeaiie eieaa» ia oeacuaaeinue, eaeie niinia i?aaeaiey
i?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa – eiinoeoooeeiiiay iiia?oey eee ?anioaeeea. A
iieacaieyo ia neaaenoaee aeaeaa?enou ioia/aee, /oi a ia/aea /anoue
/eaiia neeiiyeanue e eiinoeoooeeiiiie iiia?oee, ii eiaaea a iauanoai
aioee aieaa ?aaeeeaeueiua /eaiu, yoio aii?in aue ia?aniio?ai. A 1820a a
Iaoa?ao?aa ninoiyeinue niaauaiea Ei?aiiie oi?aau. Ia iai oaa?aei auei
?aoaii onoaiiaeoue a ?innee ?anioaeeeo.
Aeey oiai, /oiau aeinoeaiooue yoie oeaee, aeaeaa?enou (ethaee aiaiiua)
n/eoaee iaiaoiaeeiui ?aoeoaeueiue iaoene ia naiiaea?aeaaea. Oieueei ia
aienea e /eaiia iauanoaa, n/eoaee iie, iiaeii iia?aoueny. Ia
aeiioneaeanue aeaaea iuneue ia o/anoee ia?iaea a ia?aai?ioa. A yoii
i?iyaeyeanue aeai?yineay ia?aie/aiiinoue – aeaeaa?enou aiyeenue
?acaycaoue ia?iaeioth ?aaiethoeeth.
Ianoaeaeaiea oaeoe/aneeo aii?inia: eiaaea e eaeei ia?acii i?iecaiaeeoue
ia?aai?io – aucaaei aieueoea ?aciiaeaney iaaeaeo ?aaeeeaeueiuie e
oia?aiiuie /eaiaie Nithca aeaaiaeainoaey. Ia?anoaiea e?anoueyineiai
aeaeaeaiey, ainnoaiea a Naiaiianeii iieeo a 1820a, ?aaiethoeey a Eniaiee
e Iaaiiea, i?e eioi?uo iniiaie ia?aai?ioa yaeyeanue a?iey, – ana yoi
aaeioiiaeyei aeaeaa?enoia ia aieaa ?aoeoaeueiua aeaenoaey.
Iaeaieaa ?aaeeeaeueiua /eaiu iauanoaa ia/aee aioiaeoue aiaiiue
ia?aai?io. Oia?aiiua auee ia niaeaniu n yoei.
A ia/aea 1821a. Nithc aeaaiaeainoaey naiieeeaeaee?iaaeny. Yoi ?aoaiea
auei aucaaii ianeieueeeie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie. I?aaeaea anaai
?oeiaiaeeoaee aeaeaeaiey iiieiaee, /oi eo ?aaiethoeeiiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue iaaiciiaeii aeieai aea?aeaoue a oaeia io i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
I?aaenoaaeyeinue, ia aac iniiaaiee, /oi a iauanoai i?iieeee oieiiu e
i?aaeaoaee. Naiieeeaeaeaoeey i?aaeinoaaeyea oaeiaiue neo/ae ioaea/ue
aieiaiea i?aaeoaeuenoaa, ecaaaeoueny io iiaeic?eoaeueiuo e eieaaethueony
yeaiaioia. Ii ia nuacaea a Iineaa (1821a ia?aae ?inioneii i?aaiecaoeee)
eaeaeii aeeceea ae?oa ae?oao /eaiu iauanoaa aiai?eee i iaiaoiaeeiinoe
nicaeaoue iiaoth i?ia?aiio e onoaa, eioi?ua aieaa eiie?aoii ii?aaeaeyee
au oeaee e n?aaenoaa aeaeueiaeoae ai?ueau. Eia/a aiai?y, ?inione Nithca
aeaaiaeainoaey ia icia/ae ioeaca aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia io
aeoeaiie ?aaiethoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe , a aue eeoue n?aaenoaii
?ai?aaiecaoeee oaeiiai iauanoaa, n?aaenoaii i/euaiey ?aaiethoeeiiiiai
aeaeaeaiey io oia?aiiuo e eieaaethueony, iiaeaioiaee e nicaeaieth iiaie
oaeiie i?aaiecaoeee.
Oae caeii/eeny ia?aue yoai a aeaeaeaiee aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia.
Aoi?ie yoai iciaiaiiaaeny aeoeaiie iiaeaioiaeie e ?aaiethoeeiiiiio
ia?aai?ioo.
THaeiia e Naaa?iia iauanoaa
A ia?oa 1821a ia Oe?aeia, a Ooeue/eia, ia?aciaaeinue THaeiia iauanoai.
Aai aicaeaaee I.E. Ianoaeue. Oi?aaeyeinue THaeiia iauanoai Aee?aeoi?eae,
a eioi?oth aoiaeee i?aaenoaaeoaeue Naaa?iiai iauanoaa – I.I. Io?aaueaa.
Naaa?iia iauanoai aicieeei a Iaoa?ao?aa inaiueth 1822a. aai yae?i
ninoaaeee I.I. Io?aaueaa, N.I. O?oaaoeeie, E.E. Iouei, I.N. Eoiei, iiyo
E.O. ?ueaaa, A.I. Iaieaineee. Aicaeaaeyea iauanoai Aeoia ec o?ao
/aeiaae.
Iaa i?aaiecaoeee ?anniao?eaaee naay eae aaeeiia oeaeia e, ii neiaai I.E.
Ianoaey, eiaee oaa?aeia iaia?aiea «ia eia/a aeaenoaiaaoue eae aianoa».
THaeiia e Naaa?iia iauanoaa iauaaeeiyea iauay oeaeue – ai?ueaa n
e?aiinoiui i?aaii e naiiaea?aeaaeai. Iie niaeaniaaee ieai niaianoiuo
aeaenoaee, eca?aa oaeoeeo aiaiiiai ia?aai?ioa.
Oeaio?aeueiui aii?inii a aeayoaeueiinoe Naaa?iiai e THaeiiai iauanoa
auea ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aiiiuo aeieoiaioia: I.I. Io?aaueaa iaienae
eiinoeoooeeth, I.E. Ianoaeue – «?onneoth i?aaaeo», i?iaeo aoaeouaai
i?aia?aciaaiey ?innee.
Iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo aii?inia a eiinoeoooeeiiiuo i?iaeoao – aii?in i
ainoaea?noaaiiii ono?ienoaa ?innee. Ii iaio eiaeenue cia/eoaeueiua
?aciiaeaney. I.I. Io?aaueaa i?aaeeiaeee eiinoeoooeeiiioth iiia?oeth n
i?aaeinoaaeaieai caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe ia?eaiaioo – Ia?iaeiiio aa/o,
a eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe – eiia?aoi?o(yoa aeanoue ia?aaeaaaeanue ii
ianeaaenoao). Ia?eaiaio, ii aai iiaieth, aeieaeai auoue aeaooiaeaoiui.
I.E. Ianoaeue aaciaiai?i/ii auneacaeny ca ?anioaeeeaineee no?ie.
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aeanoue aeieaeiay i?eiaaeeaaeaoue iaeiiiaeaoiiio
ia?eaiaioo (oiaea Ia?iaeiiio aa/o), a eniieieoaeueiay – Aea?aeaaiie
aeoia, ecae?aaiie ia 5 eao a ninoaaa iyoe /aeiaae. Aaeaaiaeii iaeei ec
iyoe /eaiia Aea?aeaaiie aeoiu noaiiaeeny i?aceaeaioii ?anioaeeee, a
iinea yoiai auauaae ec aa ninoaaa.
Iaa aaoi?a ianoaeaaee ia aaciaiai?i/iii, iaiaaeeaiiii e iieiii
oie/oiaeaiee e?aiinoiiai i?aaa.
Eiinoeoooeeiiiua i?iaeou Ianoaey e Io?aaueaaa i?aaeoniao?eaaee aaaaeaiea
a ?innee oe?ieeo aeaiie?aoe/aneeo naiaiae, ioiaio nineiaiuo i?eaeeaaee.
Iaeioi?ua ?anoiaeaeaiey eiaeenue a aii?ina ia ecae?aoaeueiii i?aaa.
«?onneay i?aaaea» i?aaeiieaaaea iaia?aie/aiiia ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai aeey
anao ioae/ei n 20 eao, a «Eiinoeoooeey» Io?aaueaaa ia?aie/eaaea
ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai aunieei eiouanoaaiiui oeaicii a 500 ?oa.
Iaeaieaa neiaeiui aeey aeaeaa?enoia aue aii?in i iaaeaeaiee e?anoueyi
caieae. Ieii/aoaeueiue aa?eaio «Eiinoeoooeee» Io?aaueaaa i?aaeoniao?eaae
i?aaeinoaaeaiea e?anoueyiai i?eonaaeaaiiai o/anoea e aeaoo aeanyoei
iaoioiie caiee ia aeai?. Io?aaueaa i?iaicaeanee i?aai /anoiie
nianoaaiiinoe, a o./. iiiaue/ueae nianoaaiiinoe ia caieth nayuaiiui e
iai?eeiniiaaiiui.
Ianoaeue i?aaeeiaeee ae?oaie i?iaeo ?aoaiey aa?a?iiai aii?ina. Any caiey
aeaeeeanue ia iauanoaaiioth e /anoioth. Iauanoaaiiua caiee iaeuecy auei
i?iaeaaaoue, iieoiaoue, caeeaaeuaaoue. Eie aacaiciacaeii iaaeaeyeenue
e?anoueyia. Aeey ia?aciaaiey oiiaea iauanoaaiiuo caiaeue Ianoaeue n/eoae
aiciiaeiui /anoe/ioth eiioeneaoeeth iiiaue/ueae caiee. Aa?a?iue i?iaeo
Ianoaey, ianiio?y ia aai iacaaa?oaiiinoue, aeae au e?anoueyiai ai?acaei
aieueoa caiee, /ai iie aa iieo/eee iinea ioiaiu e?aiinoiiai i?aaa a
1861a.
A oeaeii «?onneay i?aaaea» Ianoaey auea aieaa i?ia?anneaiie, /ai
«Eiinoeoooeey» Io?aaueaaa, e eiaea ao?aeoacii-aeaiie?aoe/aneee oa?aeoa?.
Ainnoaiea 14 aeaeaa?y 1825 aiaea.
*eaiu THaeiiai e Naaa?iiai iauanoa ia?yaeo n eiinoeoooeeiiiuie,
i?ia?aiiiuie i?iaeoaie au?aaioaee e eiie?aoiue ieai aeaenoaee. Iie
iaia?aaaeenue eaoii 1826a i?iecaanoe ainoaea?noaaiiue ia?aai?io ai a?aiy
aieneiauo o/aiee. Eo aeieaeiu auee iiaeaea?aeaoue Iieueneia
iao?eioe/aneia iauanoai e Iauanoai niaaeeiaiiuo neaayi, iauaaeeieaoeany
n THaeiui iauanoaii.
A iiya?a 1825a. a Oaaai?iaa ai a?aiy iooaoanoaey ii ?innee iaiaeeaeaiii
oia? Aeaenaiae? 1. Aeaoae o iaai ia auei. Ii noa?oeinoao iiaui oea?ai
aeieaeai aue noaoue aai a?ao Eiinoaioei. Ii aua a ia/aea 20-o aiaeia ii
io?aeny io i?anoiea a nayce n aeaieoueaie ia iieueneie eiyaeia Eiae/.
Iineieueeo aai io?a/aiea inoaeinue iaiaia?iaeiaaiiui, Naiao e a?iey
i?enyaioee Eiinoaioeio, iaeiaei ii ioeacaeny io i?anoiea. Auea iacia/aia
ia?ai?enyaa ae?oaiio a?aoo Aeaenaiae?a – Ieeieath. A no?aia neiaeeeanue
naiaia?aciay neooaoeey – iaaeaeooea?noaea. Yoei ?aoeee ainiieueciaaoueny
?oeiaiaeeoaee Naaa?iiai iauanoaa, /oiau i?iecaanoe ainoaea?noaaiiue
ia?aai?io. A neiaeiie iieeoe/aneie ianoaiiaea iie i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaee
iiaeeeiioth ?aaiethoeeiiiinoue, aioiaiinoue iiaea?oaiaaoue anai aeey
aiieiuaiey a aeeciue ieaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai ono?ienoaa ?innee.
13 aeaeaa?y 1825a ia eaa?oe?a E.O. ?ueaaaa i?iecioei iineaaeiaa
niaauaiea /eaiia Naaa?iiai iauanoaa. Iie ?aoeee auaanoe aienea
Iaoa?ao?aneiai aa?ieciia ia Naiaoneoth ieiuaaeue e i?eioaeeoue ia
i?enyaaoue Ieeieath, a i?eiyoue «Iaieoano e ?onneiio ia?iaeo»,
ninoaaeaiiue ia niaauaiee. «Iaieoano» – aaaeiaeoee eoiaiaue i?ia?aiiiue
aeieoiaio aeaeaa?enoia. A iai i?iaicaeaoaeinue oie/oiaeaiea
naiiaea?aeaaey, e?aiinoiiai i?aaa, nineiaee, ?ae?oo/eiu e aiaiiuo
iinaeaiee, aaaaeaiea oe?ieeo aeaiie?aoe/aneeo naiaiae.
?aiiei oo?ii 14 aeaeaa?y 1825a /eaiu Naaa?iiai iauanoaa ia/aee
aaeoaoeeth a aieneao. E 11 /anai a?aouey Aeaenaiae? e Ieoaee Aanooaeaau
e Ae.A. Uaiei-?inoianeee auaaee ia Naiaoneoth ieiuaaeue eaea-aaa?aeee
Iineianeee iiee. A /an aeiy e ainnoaaoei i?eniaaeeieeenue iao?inu
aaa?aeaeneiai ii?neiai yeeiaaea ai aeaaa n Ieeieaai Aanooaeaaui e
eaea-aaa?aeee a?aiaaea?neee iiee. Anaai ia Naiaoneie ieiuaaee
auno?ieeinue a aiaaii ii?yaeea ieiei3 oun. nieaeao e iao?inia i?e 30
ioeoea?ao. Iaeiaei e yoiio a?aiaie auynieeinue, /oi ?aii oo?ii Naiao
oaea i?enyaioe Ieeieath, iinea /aai naiaoi?u ?acioeenue. Iaeiio auei
i?aaeuyaeoue «Iaieoano». O?oaaoeeie, ociaa ia yoii, e ainnoaaoei ia
i?eniaaeeieeny. Ainnoaiea inoaeinue ia a?aiy aac ?oeiaiaenoaa. Yoe
ianoiyoaeuenoaa ii?iaeeee eieaaaiey a ?yaeao aeaeaa?enoia e ia?aeee eo
ia aanniuneaiioth oaeoeeo auaeeaeaiey.
Oai a?aiaiai Ieeieae niae?ae ia ieiuaaee aa?iua aio /anoe.
Aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi? Iaoa?ao?aa I.A. Ieei?aaeiae/ iuoaeny oaiai?eoue
ainnoaaoeo ?acieoenue, ii aue nia?oaeueii ?aiai aeaeaa?enoii I.A.
Eaoianeei. Neoo i ainnoaiee ?ani?ino?aieeny ii ai?iaeo, e ia Naiaoneie
ieiuaaee nia?aeinue aei 30 oun. ia?iaea, aioiaiai iiaeaea?aeaoue
ainnoaaoeo. Ii aeaeaa?enou ia ainiieueciaaeenue yoei. Aeaa eiiiua aoaee
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo aiene auee ioaeou ainnoaaoeie. Aiynue, /oi n
ianooieaieai oaiiiou iieii/eoue n ainnoaieai aoaeao o?oaeiaa, Ieeieae
aeae i?eeac ioe?uoue a?oeeea?eeneee iaiiue. Ianeieueei caeiia ea?oa/ueth
i?iecaaee neeueiia iionoioaiea a ?yaeao ainnoaaoeo. Iino?aaeaei e ie?iia
ianaeaiea, ie?oaeaaoaa eo. Nieaeao e ioeoea?ia, iuoaaoeony ne?uoueny n
ieiuaaee, a?anoiauaaee. Ainnoaiea a Iaoa?ao?aa auei ?aca?iieaii.
Ia/aeenue a?anou /eaiia iauanoaa e ni/oanoaothueo ei.
Ainnoaiey ia thaa
*a?ac 2 iaaeaee 29 aeaeaa?y 1825a N.E. Io?aaueaa-Aiinoie iiaeiye
ainnoaiea *a?ieaianeiai iieea. E yoiio a?aiaie I.E. Ianoaeue e ?yae
ae?oaeo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae THaeiiai iauanoaa auee a?anoiaaiu. I ii?aaeaiee
ainnoaiey a Iaoa?ao?aa oaeaea auei ecaanoii. Ii /eaiu THaeiiai iauanoaa
?ann/eouaaee iiaeiyoue ia ainnoaiea aienea, ?aneaa?oe?iaaiiua ia thaa, e
oai naiui iieacaoue i?aaeoaeuenoao, /oi naaa?yia ia iaeeiiee e /oi any
no?aia eo iiaeaea?aeeaaao. Ii iaaeaaeaeu eo ia ii?aaaeaeenue. Oioy
e?anoueyia iiaeaea?aeeaaee ainnoaaoeo, eioi?ua i?ioiaeeee /a?ac eo naea,
i?aaeoaeuenoao oaeaeinue eciee?iaaoue *a?ieaianeee iiee e /a?ac iaaeaeth
3 yiaa?y 1826a ii aue ?anno?aeyi ea?oa/ueth.
A eiioea aeaeaa?y 1825 – ia/aea oaa?aey 1826a auei i?aaei?eiyoi aua aeaa
iiiuoee iiaeiyoue ainnoaiea a aieneao /eaiaie Iauanoaa aiaiiuo ae?ocae,
naycaiiiai n Naaa?iui iauanoaii, e /eaiaie Iauanoaa niaaeeiaiiuo neaayi.
Ii e yoe iiiuoee iioa?iaee ii?aaeaiea.
Neaaenoaea e noae iaae aeaeaa?enoaie
E neaaenoaeth auei i?eaea/aii ieiei 600 /aeiaae, iiiaeo ec eioi?uo
aeii?aoeaae nai Ieeieae. Neaaenoaaiiua eiiennee a Iaoa?ao?aa, Aaeie
Oea?eae, Iiaeeaaa, Aa?oaaa e a ae?oaeo ai?iaeao ?aaioaee iieaiaea. Ia
noae aeaeaa?enoia ia aucuaaee, ei ia aeaee aeaaea aiciiaeiinoe
caueuaoueny. Iyoa?uo – I.E. Ianoaey, E.O. ?ueaaaa, N.E.
Io?aaueaaa-Aiinoiea, I.I. Aanooaeaaa-?thieia e I.A. Eaoianeiai –
i?eaiai?eee e /aoaa?oiaaieth, caiaiaiiiio iiaaoaieai. 88 /aeiaae
inoaeeee ia eaoi?aeiua ?aaiou, 19 nineaee a Neae?ue, 9 ioeoea?ia
?acaeaeiaaee a nieaeaou e ia?aaaee a aeaenoaothuoth a?ieth ia Eaaeac.
Ieiei 120 aeaeaa?enoia auee iaeacaiu aac noaea, ii ee/iiio
?anii?yaeaieth Ieeieay. AEanoieia iaeacaiea iinoeaei nieaeao –
o/anoieeia ainnoaiee: ieiei 200 i?iaiaee neaicue no?ie a 1000 /aeiaae,
inoaeueiuo ioi?aaeee ia Eaaeac a aeaenoaothuoth a?ieth. Aieioue aei
nia?oe Ieeieay ie iaeei ec aeaeaa?enoia ia iieo/ee i?iuaiey.
I?e/eiu ii?aaeaiey
Aeaaiay i?e/eia ii?aaeaiey aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia caeeth/aeanue a
eo eeanniaie ia?aie/aiiinoe, oceie nioeeaeueiie aaca aeaeaeaiey. «Ocie
e?oa yoeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia», – ienae A.E. Eaiei. _No?aoii aeaeaee iie io
ia?iaea» Eeanniaay ia?aie/aiiinoue neacaeanue a eaeaeiuo ?aciiaeaneyo,
ianiaeaniaaiiinoe aeaenoaee, a ia?aoeoaeueiinoe e iaaeinoaoi/iie
?aaiethoeeiiiie aeoeaiinoe a ?aoathuee /an. Aeaeaa?enou, iie?aynue ia
oaeoeeo aiaiiiai ia?aai?ioa, niciaoaeueii ioeacaeenue io iiaeaea?aeee
ia?iaea, /oi ia?aeei eo ia ii?aaeaiea.
Enoi?e/aneia cia/aiea aeaeaeaiey aeaeaa?enoia
Ianiio?y ia ii?aaeaiea, aeaeaeaiea aeaeaa?enoia eiaei ia?iiiia
enoi?e/aneia cia/aiea. Iii auei ia?aui a ?innee ioe?uoui ?aaiethoeeiiiui
aunooieaieai i?ioea naiiaea?aeaaey e e?aiinoie/anoaa.
Aeayoaeueiinoue aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia eiaea aieueoia cia/aiea
aeey ?acaeoey ?onneie ia?aaeiaie iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneie iunee. Eo
aioenaiiaea?aeaaiua, aioee?aiinoie/aneea eaeae e eicoiae iiaeaea?aeeaaee
eo i?aaiieee. Iiiaea aeaeaa?enou caueuaee iaoa?eaeenoe/aneoth
oeeinioeth, ai?ieenue n ?aeeaeae e eaeaaeeciii. Enoi?e/aneea acaeyaeu
aeaeaa?enoia auee oanii naycaiu n eo iieeoe/aneie i?ia?aiiie e auee
iai?aaeaiu i?ioea ioeoeeaeueii-io?aieoaeueiie enoi?eia?aoee.
O?aaiaaiey aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia: ioiaieoue e?aiinoiia i?aai,
eeeaeaee?iaaoue naiiaea?aeaaea, i?aaeinoaaeoue ia?iaeo oe?ieea
aeaiie?aoe/aneea naiaiaeu – io?aaeaee ianouiua iio?aaiinoe
yeiiiie/aneiai e nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneiai i?aia?aciaaiey ?innee.
Aeaeaeaiea aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia ieacaei aieueoia aeeyiea ia
?acaeoea iauanoaaiiie e eoeueoo?iie aeecie ?innee; ia eo eaeayo
ainieouaaeinue oeaeia iieieaiea ienaoaeae, iiyoia, ooaeiaeieeia, o/aiuo
e iauanoaaiiuo aeayoaeae.
A naiai ciaiaieoii «Iineaiee a Neae?ue» A.N. Iooeei ienae: «Ia i?iiaaeao
iao nei?aiue o?oae…» Yoi auee i?i?i/aneea neiaa. *a?ac iiiaea iieieaiey
A.E. Eaiei, ioeaieaay aeaeaeaiea aeai?yineeo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia, naeaeae
auaiae: «…Eo aeaei ia i?iiaei. Aeaeaa?enou ?acaoaeeee Aa?oeaia. Aa?oeai
?acaa?ioe ?aaiethoeeiiioth aaeoaoeeth.
Aa iiaeoaaoeee, ?anoe?eee, oe?aieee, caeaeeee
?aaiethoeeiia?u-?acii/eioeu, ia/eiay n *a?iuoaaneiai e eii/ay aa?iyie
«Ia?iaeiie aiee». Oaeei ia?acii, aeai?yineea ?aaiethoeeiia?u caeiaeeee
iniiau ?aaiethoeeiiiiai aeaeaeaiey a ?innee.
Eeoa?aoo?a:
1. Enoi?ey ?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaa, I., 2000, O.I. Ioi/aaa
2. Enoi?ey ?innee, I.,1998, I.I. Coaa
3. Eo?n eaeoeee ii Enoi?ee ?innee n ae?aaiaeoeo a?aiai aei 2 iieiaeiu 19
aaea iiae ?aae. A.A. Ee/iaia, Aeaoa?eiao?a, 1994
4. Iiniaea ii enoi?ee NNN? /. 1 I., «Aunoay oeiea», 1984
5. Aeaeaa?enou e eo a?aiy, I., 1992, A.A. Oaaei?ia.
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