1. A II oun. aei i. y. a aeecie ieai?i Eacaonoaia i?iecioei aaaeiia
niauoea – auea ecia?aoaia oaoiieiaey iieo/aiey a?iicu – nieaaa iaaee e
ieiaa. Iiyoiio yoa yiioa iieo/eei iacaaiea a?iiciaue aae.
Yiioa a?iicu aeaeeony ia o?e ia?eiaea:
1. ?aiiyy a?iica – XVIII – XVI aa. aei i. y.
2. N?aaeiyy a?iica – XV – XIII aa. aei i. y.
3. Iicaeiyy a?iica – XII – VIII aa. aei i. y.
A yiioo a?iicu ia/aeinue i?iecaiaenoaaiiia inaiaiea iaoaeea, a oii /enea
e cieioa. Iiyaeaiea iiauo oi?i ianoooaneiai oicyenoaa – ioaii neioa ia
eaoiea ianoaeua, noieeiaia niaea?aeaiea /anoe aeeaioiuo, caaioiaee
ei?iia e iinoaiaiiue ia?aoiae e ei/aaiio neioiaiaenoao. ?acaeoea
iiouaeiiai caieaaeaeey. Caieaaeaeea a ai?iuo ?aeiiao Eacaonoaia
ooaa?aeeeinue au? a IV oun. aei i. y. Ca?iaeaeaaony ia?aia iauanoaaiiia
?acaeaeaiea o?oaea. *aeiaae inaiee caieaaeaeea e neioiaiaenoai
iaeiia?aiaiii. ?acaeoea neioiaiaenoaa e caieaaeaeey o?aaiaaee aieueoa
ioaeneiai o?oaea. Ec-ca yoiai i?ienoiaeeo e?ooaiea iao?ea?oaeueiiai
?iaea e ia niaio aio i?eoee iao?ea?oaeueiua naiaeii-?iaeiaua ioiioaiey.
2. Aiae?iiianeay eoeueoo?a – iaeia ec naiuo e?oiiuo eoeueoo? yiioe
a?iicu a Aa?iia e Acee. A? iaiyoieee ?ani?ino?aiaiu ia iaoe?iie
oa??eoi?ee io Aienay ia ainoiea aei O?aea ia caiaaea, ioaaouaay iaoe?iua
i?ino?ainoaa THaeiie Neae?e, Eacaonoaia, O?aea, N?aaeithth Aceth aei
THaeiiai Oaaeaeeeenoaia, Aoaaienoaia, Naaa?iiai Iaeenoaia. A 1914 aiaeo
yeniaaeeoeey A.A. Aiae?eaiiaa ?aneiiaea ia?aue iaiyoiee Aiae?iiianeie
eoeueoo?u o naea Aiae?iiiaa, iiae a. A/eineii a THaeiie Neae?e, iiyoiio
yoa eoeueoo?a iieo/eea iacaaiea Aiae?iiianeie. A 1927 aiaeo
yeniaaeeoeeae I.I. A?yciiaa auee iaia?oaeaiu ia?aua caoi?iiaiey
Aiae?iiianeie eoeueoo?u a Caiaaeiii Eacaonoaia. Aeaeaa ia?a/eneaiu
iniiaiua ?aeiiu Aiae?iiianeie eoeueoo?u:
Oeaio?aeueiue Eacaonoai – iniiaiie ?aeii ?annaeaiey ieai?i a yiioo
a?iicu, iaia?oaeaii nauoa 30 iinaeaiee e 150 iiaeeueieeia. Aiae?iiianeay
eoeueoo?a Oeaio?aeueiiai Eacaonoaia aeaeeony ia o?e ia?eiaea: ?aiiee –
io?eineee; n?aaeiee – aoanoeneee; iicaeiee – aaaacu-aeaiaeuaaaaneee.
A Naaa?iii Eacaonoaia a?oaieiae ioe?uee aieaa 80 iinaeaiee e
iiaeeueieeia – iaeaieaa e?oiiua iinaeaiey Aeaenaaaneia, Naae/eeianeia
aaeece ?.Oiaie, iinaeaiey Iao?iaea e Aiaiethaiai a I?eeoeiuea. Oaea a
yoio ia?eiae iiyaeeenue i?aaeoanoaaiieee ae?aaieo ai?iaeia, iaeii ec ieo
A?eaei – ia a?aieoea Eonoaiaeneie e *aeyaeineie iaeanoae.
A Ainoi/iii Eacaonoaia – a aeieeiao E?ouoa, Aoooa?iu, Eo?/oia, a ai?iuo
?aeiiao Aeoay, a noaiiuo ?aeiiao Oa?aaaaoay e Nao?a iaeaeaiu aeanyoee
iinaeaiee e iiaeeueieeia, iaeaieaa e?oiiua ec ieo – Eaiae, O?oaeieeiai,
Iaeae?aniiy?ea.
A Caiaaeiii Eacaonoaia ioe?uou aeanyoee iaiyoieeia – iinaeaiey
Oanou-aooae, Aoiao-aoue, Aanaae, Ee?aaeaee.
A Naie?a/uea e THaeiii Eacaonoaia iaia?oaeaiu e?oiiaeoea neiieaiey
?enoieia – Oaiaaeu, Ea?aoao. A ieciaueyo Nu?aea?uee, a I?ea?aeuea –
iaacieae Oaaeneai, Oaooa?u.
3. a) Aaaeioth ?ieue aeecie aiae?iiiaoeaa ea?aei neioiaiaenoai. A
iniiaiii ?acaiaeeee ei?ia, iaaoe, eic, eioaaeae, aeaoai?auo aa?aethaeia
– aaeoa?eai. Iaeaiciieiae ii iaeaeaiiui einoyi yiioe a?iicu niiaee
onoaiiaeoue aeaeu aeeaioiuo, eo aiaoiee aeae e ?acia?u:
Auee ioee/aeenue ianneaiinoueth, aeinoeaaee a aunioo 120 ni, aaneee
ieiei 350 ea e eiaee e?aneai eciaiooua oe?ieea ?iaa;
Iaoeu auee e?oiiua, aunioie aei 70 ni e aanii aei 50 ea;
Eioaaee auee o??o ii?iae. 1. Iaei?ineua eioaaee, aunioie aei 140 ni, n
aieueoie aieiaie, iioiaoie a?eaie, aeneiooea, auee iioiaee ia
nia?aiaiiuo iiiaieueneeo eioaaeae; 2. Iaeaieaa iiiai/eneaiiuie a oaaoiao
auee eioaaee aunioie 160 ni, n oiieeie iiaaie, iaeaiueeie aieiaie e
aunieie oaae; 3. Eiie-oyaeaeiaicu, aunioie aei 200 ni.
Aa?aethae aue i?e?o/?i a III oun. aei i. y. a thaeiuo ?aeiiao N?aaeiae
Acee, Ainoi/iiai E?aia e Aoaaienoaia, ai II oun. aei i. y. – a
Eacaonoaia.
A ia?eiae a?iicu ca?iaeaeaaony yeeaaeiue (iieoei/aaie) oei
neioiaiaenoaa, aeey oaaee/aiey iiaieiauey e i?iaeoeoeaiinoe
neioiaiaenoaa. I?eaeiiiia aeeaioiiaiaenoai, eiaaea neio ian?ony
iaaeaeaei io iinaeaiey, noaei iaauaiaeiui, oae eae iinoaiaiii
auoaiouaaeenue e neoaeaee ianoaeua. sseeaaeiia neioiaiaenoai
i?aaeiieaaaao iinoiyiiua eaoiea e ceiiea ei/?aee, aeeeia oaeeo naciiiuo
ei/?aie a ?aciuo i?e?iaeiuo ciiao auee ?acee/iie. A Naie?a/uea
?annoiyiea io ceiieo aei eaoieo ianoaeu aeinoeaaei io 50 aei 80 ei. A
Caiaaeiii Eacaonoaia ei/?aee oyioeenue ia nioie eeeiiao?ia, ia?anaeay
noaie e ionouie. Oae iinoaiaiii ec i?eaeiiiiai au?inei yeeaaeiia eee
ioaiiiia neioiaiaenoai, a caoai e ei/aaia, i?e eioi?ii eniieueciaaeenue
e noaiiua e ionouiiua ianoaeua, /oi iicaieeei ?acei oaaee/eoue
/eneaiiinoue noaaea, aaea a iai oiaiueoaeinue eiee/anoai e?oiiiai
?iaaoiai neioa, caoi oaaee/eeinue /enei iaaoe e eioaaeae. A X – IX aa.
aei i. y. o aiae?iiiaoeaa i?aiaeaaeaao eiiaaiaenoai.
b) Aiae?iiiaoeu aaee in?aeeue ia?ac aeecie aei I oun. aei i. y. Eo
oicyenoai auei niaoaiiui: neioiaiae/anei-caieaaeaeue/aneei. Caieth
?uoeeee e ia?aaaouaaee i?e iiiiue eaiaiiuo iioua, iiyoiio caieaaeaeea
iacuaaeinue iiouaeiui. A iieiao ?ae, aaea ii/aa ieiaei?iaeiay,
oaeaaeiaiiay, iaoiaeeeenue iiey e iai?iaeu. A iniiaiii nayee y/iaiue,
i?ini e ioaieoeo. I?e ?aneiieao iinaeaiee iaeaeaiu ai?oee n inoaoeaie
i?eai?aaoiae eaoe ec i?ina, oaeaea ia aea?oaaiieeao iaeaeaiu inoaoee
niaeaeaiiie ioaieoeu. O?iaeae niae?aee a?iiciauie e iaaeiuie na?iaie, a
ca?iio??ee eniieueciaaeenue aeey ?anoe?aiey ca?ia a ioeo.
c) Aaaeioth ?ieue a aeecie ieai?i oiai a?aiaie ea?aea iaoaeeo?aey.
Iniiaiui nu?ue?i aeey ecaioiaeaiey i?oaeee o?oaea e i?oaeey auea a?iica
– nieaa iaaee e ieiaa. Iniiaiua i?aeiouanoaa a?iicu ii n?aaiaieth n
iaaeueth:
A) Ieceay oaiia?aoo?a nieaaa;
A) E?ai/a, oa??aea
A) E?aneaue cieioenoue oeaao.
Oa??eoi?ey Eacaonoaia aiaaoa iieaciuie eneiiaaiuie. Ianoi?iaeaeaiey
iaaee, ieiaa, naeioea, cieioa e na?aa?a eiathony a iniiaiii a
Oeaio?aeueiii e Ainoi/iii Eacaonoaia. Aio iniiaiua ?aeiiu
ianoi?iaeaeaiee:
1. AEaceacaai, Cu?yiia – iaaeue. A AEaceacaaia aeiauaaee 100 oun. oiii
iaaee;
2. Aoano, a ?aeiiao Eaeaeineiai e Ia?uineiai o?aaoa – ieiai;
3. Noaiiye, Aeaeae, Aaeaaeae – cieioi. ?ac?aaioea yoeo ianoi?iaeaeaiee
aaeanue ca IV – III oun. aei i. y.
Aiae?iiiaoeu i?eiaiyee neaaeothuea iaoiaeu ii?aaeaeaiey, aeiau/e e
nieaaa ?oaeu:
Iooai caeeaaeuaaiey au?aaioie ii?aaeaeyee ianoa caeaaeae ?oaeu e
i?enooiaee e aeiau/a;
?uoeua ?oaeu aeiauaaee iaoiaeii «eaeeiaaiey» n iiiiuueth ioaieieeia e
iieioeia ec eaiiy;
Ieioiua ii?iaeu aeiauaaee iaoiaeii «iaiaaie i?ioiaeee», i?e eioi?ii ia
iiaa?oiinoe aeeeu ?acaiaeeee eino??, a eiaaea ii?iaea iaa?aaaeanue,
ioeaaeaeaee a? aiaeie. A ?acoeueoaoa ?aceie niaiu oaiia?aoo?u ?oaeiia
oaei aeaaaei o?aueiu.
I?e aeoaeiiuo ii?iaeao eniieueciaaee iaoiae «iiaeeii» eee oaooiue
iaoiae;
?yaeii n oaooie aeiauooth ?oaeo ae?iaeee e i?iiuaaee, /oiau ioaeaeeoue
a? io ionoie ii?iaeu. Iaeeiae?iaeaioth ?oaeo na?aaaee aea?aayiiuie
eiiaoaie e ioiineee a eiaeaiuo noieao e ianoai ieaaie. Auieaaea iaoaeea
i?iecaiaeeeanue ia ianoao iinaeaiee a niaoeeaeueiuo ieaaeeueiuo ia/ao.
Inoaoee oaeeo ia/ae iaia?oaeaiu i?e ?aneiieao iinaeaiee ia Aoano,
Noueaoeae, Eaiae, aaea ?yaeii n ia/aie iaeaeaiu oeaee, neeoee iaaee,
eeoaeiua oi?iu. Ec iieo/aiiiai iaoaea ecaioiaeyee i?oaeey o?oaea,
i?oaeey e thaaee?iua oe?aoaiey. Eniieueciaaeanue eiaea, eeoue?, oeniaiea
e /aeaiea. Iai?eia?, ioo?i eeouey – a?iiciaua eeiaeaeu, iaeiia/ieee
no?ae, eiiee, a ioo?i eiaee – oeeuey, eaeu, ne?aiee aeey ?aiiioa
iinoaeu. Iniiaiua i?oaeey ai?iyea – eaiaiiua iieiou e ioaieieee, nooiee,
ianou, eieioooee, o??ee, a?iiciaua eaeea, aea?aayiiua e einoyiua eiiaou,
eeeiuey, ?oaeiae?iaeeee.
d) Anee o ae?aaieo caieaaeaeueoeaa Eiaeee, E?aia, Aoaaienoaia, N?aaeiae
Acee iinoaeo ecaioaaeeaaee ia aii/a?iii e?oaa niaoeeaeueiuie ianoa?aie,
oi a Eacaonoaia eaaeaeay naiuey naie aeaeaee iinoaeo aeey naay. Iinoaea
ecaioaaeeaaeanue eaioi/iui niiniaii, a?o/ioth. Aia/aea ecaioaaeeaaeinue
aeii, a caoai e iaio i?eeaieeaaeenue eieueoei ooeiaeua, eieueoei
iea/eea, eieueoei aai/eea. I?e oaeie oaoieea eaiee ia ianoa ia?aoiaea
ooeiaa a oaeeo ia?aciauaaeinue ?aa?i-onooi, yaeythuaeny oa?aeoa?iui
i?eciaeii aiae?iiianeie eoeueoo?u. Iniiaiie i?iaiaio ea?aie/aneeo iinoae
– aaiiao?e/aneee. O aiae?iiiaoeaa i?enoonoaiaaei ianeieueei oeiia
iinoaeu:
1. Ia ?aiiai yoaia yiioe a?iicu auee – ai?oee n ie?oaeui iea/eeii,
iaeiiai ?acia?a e oe?aoaee a? – o?aoaieueieeaie, eeieyie, ?acee/iuie eo
ni/aoaieyie i?e iiiiue a?aaai/aoiai ooaiia. I?iaiaio iaiineeny oieueei a
aa?oiae /anoe ai?oea, io aai/eea aei na?aaeeiu ooeiaa.
2. A yiioo n?aaeiae a?iicu – ai?oee n onooi/aoui iea/eeii e ninoaeu
aaii/iie oi?iu. I?iaiaio ?aniieaaaaony ii aai/eeo, aa?oiae /anoe ooeiaa
e o aeia.
3. A iicaeithth a?iico iiyaeythony – ai?oee n i?yiui aai/eeii e
oa?iaeaeiui ooeiaii. I?iaiaio – iaeaiiua aaeeee, oeoa/ee,
iiaeeiaiia?aciua oanoiiu iie?uaatho aieueooth /anoue ooeiaa. Niiniau
iaianaiey i?iaiaioa: aeaaeeee ooaii, ia?acea, caueiu iaeueoeaie.
Aii/a?u ia oieueei oe?aoaee naie ecaeaeey, ii e i?eaeaaaee i?iaiaioo
iaae/aneee niune:
A) Iaeaiiie iiynie-aaeee neiaieece?iaae iaiieiaiiinoue ninoaea;
A) Iaeaiiua oeoa/e – ninoeu ei?iau-ei?ieeeoeu, aeathuae iieiei;
A) oci?u a aeaea naanoeee – neiaie nieioea;
A) iaiaae?u – ieaoeaoai?yee aiaeo e a? aeaeaeaiea;
Ae) i?iaiaio iaa?aaae niaea?aeeiia ninoaea io «naeaca» e «ii?/e».
Oaeaea o aiae?iiiaoeaa auei ?acaeoi thaaee?iia eneonnoai. Oe?aoaiey
aiae?iiianeie eoeueoo?u naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i ca?iaeaeaiee thaaee?iiai
eneonnoaa ia oa??eoi?ee Eacaonoaia ai II oun. aei i. y. (XVI – XIVaa.).
Iie iaiiiai /eneaiu e a iniiaiii iaeaeaiu a ioiineoaeueii aiaaouo
caoi?iiaieyo. N?aaee oe?aoaiee iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athony na?ueae a
aeaea eieaoe n niieioouie eiioeaie. A?oaieiae/aneei neiaieii
Aiae?iiianeie eoeueoo?u yaeyaony na?ueae e iiaeaanee a iieoi?a iai?ioa,
na??iooua ec i?iaioouo oceeo iaaeiuo ieanoei, iaoyioouo eenoiaui
cieioii. Aunieei niaa?oainoaii ioee/athony ca?eaea, aonu, oieeueee,
aeyoee, iaoeaee. AEaiueiu yiioe a?iicu iineee a ooao a?iiciaua na?ueae.
Oath oe?aoaee a?iiciaua a?eaiu, eiiaaea iaeaouie a ieo cieiouie
eiea/eaie, ia ?oeao – a?aneaoaie e ia?noie. A ea/anoaa aioeaoa iineee,
eeuee aeeeeo aeeaioiuo, ?aeiaeiu n aa?aaia A?aeueneiai e Eanieeneiai
ii?ae. Aiae?iiiaoeu ecaioaaeeaaee i?iecaaaeaiey eneonnoaa, iaiaoiaeeiua
a auoo. E i?eia?o, ia ?aea Io?a aue iaeaeai eaiaiiue iano ni
neoeueioo?iui ecia?aaeaieai ioaeneie aieiau. Oaeaea a aiae?iiianeie
naiuea iiaee aeaeaoue ana iaiaoiaeeiia aeey aeecie – i?ynoue, oeaoue,
auaeaeuaaoue eiaeo, oeoue iaeaaeaeo e iaoaue, ?anoeaay eo oci?aie
aiieeeaoeeae e aena?ii. Oaea aue ecaanoai oeaoeeee noaiie e aa?aoaii. Ia
yoii aiai?yo iiiai/eneaiiua iaoiaeee eaiaiiuo e einoyiuo aeaoaeae io
aa?ao?i a iinaeaieyo Aoano, Eaiae, Aeaenaaaneia. Ieoee i?yee ec oa?noe e
iooa aeeaioiuo, oaeaea eniieueciaaee eiiiieth, aeeeee e?i, e?aieao.
4. I?e?iaeii-eeeiaoe/aneea oneiaey Eacaonoaia – iaeiniaaeiua ceiu,
aeieaia eaoi, iaiaic?eiua ianoaeua, niiniaiua e?oaeue aiae ei?ieoue
noaaea, aeaaii?eyonoaiaaee oiio, /oi a yiioo a?iicu ia anae oa??eoi?ee
aaaeouae io?aneueth oicyenoaa noaiiaeony neioiaiaenoai. Ia?aoiae e
ei/aaiio neioiaiaenoao iieiaeee ia/aei:
A) ia?aoiaeo iauanoaa e iao?ea?oaeueiie iaueia;
A) ca?iaeaeaiea naiaeiie, a caoai /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe e eiouanoaaiiiai
ia?aaainoaa;
A) iiyaeaiea nioeeaeueiuo neiaa – ?iaeiaua aiaeaee, ae?aoeu,
aiaia/aeueieee.
Aiae?iiianeia iauanoai ia auei iaeii?iaeiui: 1. Ana aeaea ?aoaei
ia?iaeiia nia?aiea. Iii ecae?aei e niauaei noa?aeoei ?iaea, no?iai
neaaeeei ca niaethaeaieai ?iaeiauo iau/aaa e o?aaeeoeee; 2. A iniaoth
a?oiio auaeaeythony – aieiu, /oi naeaeaoaeuenoaotho aiaaoua caoi?iiaiey
aieiia; 3. AE?aoeu auee ?anii?yaeeoaeyie eoeueoiauo ia?yaeia,
o?aieoaeyie ae?aaieo o?aaeeoeee e ciaiee, eo ioee/eoaeueiui i?eciaeii
auee aea?aayiiay /aoa e iniaay oaiea; Ia eiouanoaaiiii ?anneiaiee
naeaeaoaeuenoaotho iiaeeueieee. Oae a yiioo a?iicu iiyaeeenue iaeeii/iua
iia?aaaiey n aieueoae aaee/eiie e aeoaeiie iiaee, neiaeiuie aea?aayiiuie
eiino?oeoeeyie, aieueoei eiee/anoaii ea?aie/aneeo ai?oeia n ieuae,
inoaoee eieanieoe, einoe eiiae, oe?aoaiey, i?oaeey e eaiaiiua aoeaau,
neoaeeaoea ciaeii aeanoe. N?aaee ?yaeiauo caoi?iiaiee auaeaeythony
a?aiaeeiciua eo?aaiu aeeaiao?ii aei 4 i e aunioie aei 2,5 i, iaianaiiua
aeaieiui eee o?ieiui eieueoeii ia?aaeu ec iiioiaioaeueiuo ieeo.
5. Iniiaiui aeeeeuai aiae?iiiaoeaa auee – caieyiee e iieocaieyiee,
i?yiioaieueiie e iaaeueiie oi?iu. Eioeiaeia aeey aeeeeu aeoaeiie io 0,6
i aei 1,5 i. A eaninoaiiuo ?aeiiao oe?iei eniieueciaaeinue aea?aai,
eioi?ia neoaeeei aeey e?aieaiey noai, aeey iii?u aaeie e no?iiee
ia?ae?uoey. A noaie e ai?iuo ianoao aianoi aea?aaa eniieueciaaeny
eaiaiue-ieeoiye. A Oeaio?aeueiii Eacaonoaia a XII – IX aa. aei i.y., a
yiioo iicaeiae a?iicu, no?ieee iiiaieiiiaoiua aeiia ec ianneaiuo
eaiaiiuo aeieia, n ieiuaaeueth 500 ea.i. e aieaa. Naiua aieueoea aeeeeua
a aa?aceeneeo noaiyo a yiioo a?iicu ?aneiiaiu ia iinaeaieyo Aoaueu,
Aeaaou?. Aeey iaia?aaa eiiiao e i?eaioiaeaiey ieue eniieueciaaeenue
i/aae a aeaea iaaeoaieeo yi aeeaiao?ii 0,5 – 0,8 i, a ea/anoaa oiieeaa
eniieueciaaeenue ae?iaa, eonoa?iee, eecye. Iaeia ec /anoae aeiia auea
aieaa ieceie e eniieueciaaeanue aeey niaea?aeaiey neioa. A yiioo
iicaeiae a?iicu (XII – IX aa. aei i.y.) ia iniiaa aeeeeu aiae?iiiaoeaa
iiyaeyaony – th?oa. Yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaotho ?aneiiee iinaeaiee *aaeeiea,
Iao?iaea, Aoano, Aoaueu. A yiioo a?iicu iiyaeythony ae?aaiea ai?iaea.
Iinaeaiea A?eaei eiaao i?eciaee, oa?aeoa?iua aeey ?aiiaai ai?iaea:
1. ?acaeoay nenoaia oi?oeoeeaoeee – oe?aieaiee, iai?iaeaiiue aeaoiy
eiioeaio?e/aneeie eieueoeaie iai?iieoaeueiuo nii?oaeaiee;
2. Iaee/ea no?iaiai ieaia eee aeaaea iaeaoa, ii eioi?iio no?ieeinue
iinaeaiea;
3. Any oa??eoi?ey iinaeaiey aeaeeony ia ianeieueei cii – aeeeoth,
i?iecaiaenoaaiioth e iauanoaaiioth.
*aeiaae a yiioo a?iicu iieeiiyeny neeai i?e?iaeu, nieioeo, iaith,
eoeueoo i?aaeeia.
I Nouanoaiaaea neiaeiay nenoaia i?aaenoaaeaiee i caa?iaiie aeecie, /oi
naeaeaoaeuenoaotho neiaeiua iia?aaaeueiua ?eooaeu:
1. A ?aiiai ia?eiaea yiioe a?iicu – iieieieea naeeaaee ia eino?a, e aai
i?ao aianoa n ee/iuie aauaie iiiauaeny a eaiaiiue yuee. A /anoue aiaa
iaie Aaiee i?eiiny a aea?oao eico e iieeoaaie ia?auathony e aiao nia?oe
ssia.
2. A n?aaeiae e iicaeiae a?iica – oia?oaai a eaiaiiue neeai a nei?/aiiii
iieiaeaiee ia aieo aieiaie ia caiaae eee ia thai-caiaae.
II Iiiai /eneaiiua ia?yaeu e ?eooaeu nii?iaiaeaeaee e iianaaeiaaioth
aeeciue aiae?iiiaoeaa:
1. No?ieoaeuenoai aeiia ia/eiaeinue n aea?oaii?eiioaiey. A aea?oao
i?eiineee auea eee aa?aia. Aeaaiue iii?iue noiea aeiia neiaieece?iaae
naycue ethaeae n iaaii.
2. Aeiiaoiee i/aa aue naiaeiie nayouiae. ?ac?ooeoue i/aa n/eoaeinue
no?aoiui iinooieii. I/aao i?eiineee aea?oao, aie?oa iaai iaaiaeeee
i?eoaaeooth a aeii iaaanoo, iaiineee ia?aae iioi?iiaie oia?oaai.
A yiioo a?iicu ia eaiiyo niaoeeaeueiuo ?aeeaeiciuo nayoeeeu iiyaeeenue
?enoiee, eioi?ua io?aaeaee i?aaenoaaeaiey aiae?iiiaoeaa ia ie?oaeathuai
ie?a. Eacaonoai – iaeii ec iaeaieaa aiaaouo iano ii /eneo e
?aciiia?aceth ianeaeueiuo ?enoieia – iao?iaeeoia. ?enoiee Oaiaaeu,
Aoeeieian, Ea?aoao, Iaeiae, Oa?aaaaoay, Aoeaioao eco/aeenue a?oaieiaaie,
e noaei aeinoiyieai ie?iaie eoeueoo?u. E?oiiaeoei neiieaieai ianeaeueiuo
?enoieia yaeyaony ?aeii – Naie?a/uey (o?i/eua Oaiaaeu). ?enoiee ia
eaiiyo – yoi oeaiiaeoee enoi/iee eioi?iaoeee i aeooiaiie eoeueoo?a
/aeiaaea, i aai ie?iaic?aiee.
Aio?iiieiae/aneee oei aiae?iiiaoeaa – aa?iieiaeiue. (Neoeueioo?iia
ecia?aaeaiea ioaeneie aieiau ia eaiaiiii ianoa, iaia?oaeaiiiai ia aa?aao
?aee Io?a a Oeaio?aeueiii Eacaonoaia).
sscue aiae?iiiaoeaa – eiaeie?aineay ycueiaay a?oiia.
6. Aaaacu-Aeaiaeuaaaaneay eoeueoo?a – a?oaieiae/aneay eoeueoo?a yiioe
iicaeiae a?iicu Oeaio?aeueiiai Eacaonoaia. Ia?aua ?aneiiee eoeueoo?u
auee i?iaaaeaiu a?oaieiae/aneie yeniaaeeoeeae ai aeaaa n Ia?aoeaiii A.O.
Iniaaiiinoe Aaaacu-Aeaiaeuaaaneie eoeueoo?u:
1. Oicyenoaaiiay aeeciue iniiaaia ia ei/aaii neioiaiaenoaa.
2. No?ieoaeuenoai iniaiai oeia iaaea?iaiuo nii?oaeaiee.
3. Naiaia?aciue iia?aaaeueiue ia?yae.
4. Iiyaeaiea iiauo oi?i aeeiyiie iinoaeu.
5. Iaee/ea aieueoiai eiee/anoaa oaoo ii aeiau/a iaaee.
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