?AOA?AO
Ia oaio:
«Aeia?aoey Aeue Eaiiia»
(Na?ey o?ieia: ecaanoiua ee/iinoe XX aaea)
Auiieiee: o/aiee 9 A eeanna
Iiaeeia Eaai
AEUeIAOUeAANE 2007
16 yiaa?y 1920 a. a Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoao anooieea a neeo, i?eiyoay a
eiia?anna aieueoeinoaii aieinia, 18-y iii?aaea e eiinoeoooeee no?aiu.
Ia?aue ?acaeae aeanee: “*a?ac aiae iinea ?aoeoeeaoeee ianoiyuae noaouee
a Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoao e ia anao iiaeaeanoiuo ei oa??eoi?eyo cai?auathony
i?iecaiaenoai, i?iaeaaea eee ia?aaicea, a oaeaea aaic eee auaic
iiueyiythueo iaieoeia aeey iio?aaeaiey”.
16 yiaa?y 1920 a. a ai?iaea Ii?oiee, ooao Ae?aeaeeiey, aaaiaaeeno Aeeee
Naiaee ai a?aiy oea?aiiiee neiaiee/aneiai iia?aaaiey a?iaa n Aeaeiiii
ss/iaiiia Ca?ii, ieeoeaoai?aieai iiueyiythueo iaieoeia, i?iecian
aaeioiiaaiioth i?iiiaaaeue. Iaoaoe/anee aicaeaa ?oee, Naiaee aineeeeioe:
“I?iuae, Aeaeii! Ou aue iiaeeeiiui a?aaii aiaa e ae?oaii aeueyaiea! ss
anae aeooie iaiaaeaeo oaay!”
16 yiaa?y 1920 a. a Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoao aue aaaaeai “nooie caeii”.
Eaaaeueii iaeuecy auei o?aieoue ie y/iaiiia ieai, ie aenee. Iaeiaei ia
ana a?aaeaeaia a “aiaii eca?aiiie no?aia” aei aeoaeiu aeooe iaiaaeaeaee
aeeiaieue. Iai?ioea, ethaee, ia i?iyaeyaoea ?aiaa eioa?ana e aeeiaieth,
iinea cai?aoa ia/aee auieaaoue. Ni?in ia ai?y/eoaeueiua iaieoee noae
auoa, /ai i?aaeaea. A aeeiaieueiie eiaeono?ee iiyaeeenue iiaua iiiyoey:
ioioaeia?, aooeaaaa?, nieeece. Ioioaeia? – iiaeiieueiue naiiaiiuee –
oaeii, ii ii/ai, i?e naaoa eoiu, ecaioiaeye aenee. Aooeaaaa? –
eiio?aaaiaeeno – aeinoaaeye a no?aio cai?auaiiia caeuea /a?ac ieaai eee
/a?ac eaiaaeneoth a?aieoeo. A nieeece -iaeaaaeueiii i?eoiia – oaiioii n
iiiaicia/eoaeueiui iiaeieaeaaieai caeacuaaee /ae e a /aeiie /aoea
iieo/aee ai?y/eoaeueiue iaieoie. Ia iaeaaaeueiie oi?aiaea aeeiaieueiuie
iaieoeaie iiaeii auei ca?aaioaoue oaioanoe/aneea i?eauee. Aooueea aenee,
i?eia?aoaiiay ca 15 aeiee. ca i?aaeaeaie NOA, i?eiineea i?eaueue io 70
aei 80 aeiee. Iaeiaei eiio?aaaiaea aeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia auea ioithaeue
ia aaciianiui caiyoeai. A ai?ueaa n iieeoeeae i?eoiaeeeinue i?eaaaaoue e
anaaiciiaeiui oeiaeai e, i?aaeaea anaai, ioaeii auei eiaoue oi?ioi
iaeaaeaiioth i?aaiecaoeeth. Oaeei ia?acii, oi?aiaey aeeiaieueiuie
iaieoeaie noaea noa?ie aeayoaeueiinoe ?anooueo eae ia ae?iaeaeao eee
oaea nouanoaiaaaoeo aaianoa?neeo aaiae. Eeoue iie iiaee
neii?aeeie?iaaoue iiiaeanoai ‘”i?ioannee”, naycaiiuo n oi?aiaeae
aeeiaieai.
A yoii aeaea ioaeai aue ii?ye, eioi?ue au aeinoaaeye aenee /a?ac ii?a
eee ieaai. Aaiaea aeieaeia auea auoue oaa?aia a oii, /oi ii, iieo/ea
aeey iieaou oiaa?a ianeieueei aeanyoeia ouny/ aeieea?ia, ia aica?aoeony
n ionouie ?oeaie e ia ?anneaaeao eaeoth-ieaoaeue enoi?eth i iaiaaeaiee,
ai a?aiy eioi?iai o iaai ioiyee ana aeaiueae. Aeaeaa, iaiaoiaeei aue
aeaaeaeaoe a?ociaeea, eioi?ue iaoiaeeeny au aia iiaeic?aiee o iieeoeee e
e oiio aea noiae au iiaeeoieoue iieeoeaeneiai, aeaoue aio neieueei
neaaeoao – ia neeoeii iiiai, ii e ia neeoeii iaei. Iaeiiaoe, neaaeiaaei
nicaeaoue iaoe?iue aiia?ao aeey i?iaeaaee oiaa?a.
Aua a 1920 a. aaianoa?u aioee a aieueoie aecian. Ia a?aiy *eeaai noae
noieeoeae aeeiaieueiie eiio?aaaiaeu. A /enei aaiae, caieiaaoeony yoei
aecianii, aoiaeeea oaeaea “*a?iay ?oea”. A eeoea Aieueoiai Aeaeeia
Eieiceii iia aeieaia a?aiy eiaea iiuoiiai e inoi?iaeiiai aiaeaea. A 1915
a. ae?oaie iaoeici, Aeaeiiie Oi??ei, ia?anaeeeny ec Iueth-Ei?ea a *eeaai
e aeineoaeeeny caeanue aei aaeuthoaioa Eieiceii. A Iueth-Ei?ea n 1911 a.
ii aea?aeae iiae aeanoeei eiio?ieai ii?o, ca /oi iieo/ee eee/eo A?iciue
Aeaeii.
A 20-o aiaeao a *eeaai i?iaeeaaei oaea ieiei 130 oun. eoaeueyioeaa,
ninoaaeyaoeo iaaeaaeiue enoi/iee aeey aeaeueiaeoaai ?anoe?aiey aeanoe
“*a?iie ?oee”. E iiiaioo anooieaiey a neeo “nooiai caeiia”, cai?aoa ia
ecaioiaeaiea e nauo nie?oiuo iaieoeia, Eieiceii oaea aea?aeae iiae naiei
eiio?ieai naaa?ioth /anoue *eeaai. Eiaiii a yoe aiaeu Oi??ei aucaae ec
Iueth-Ei?ea iieiaeiai Aeue (Aeueoiina) Eaiiia, eioi?ue ieacuaae aio
oneoae a Iueth-Ei?ea.
Eaiiia ia aue neoeeeeeoeai, ii ?iaeeeny a Iaaiiea a 1899 a., iicaeiaa
aianoa n ?iaeeoaeyie yiea?e?iaae a Aia?eeo. Aeueoiin au?in a “Iaeie
Eoaeee” a Iueth-Ei?ea, a o?ouiaao eoaeueyineiai aaooi, aaea iaoee
i?eaaaeeua ieuea eiiea?aiou ec Neoeeeee. Aeey i?anooieaiee caeanue auea
iniaaiii aeaaiaeaoiay ii/aa, Iiae?inoeii Eaiiia aoiaeee a iieiaeaaeioth
aaiaeo, /eaiu eioi?ie, neaaeoy i?eia?o ac?ineuo, iae?aaeuaaee iaiuiua
eaaee. A iaeiie ec ae?ae ii iieo/ee aeoaieoth iiaeaaoth ?aio ia eaaie
uaea. N yoeo ii? Aeueoiin iinee eee/eo “Eeoei ni o?aiii”. Iieiaeie
iaoeici aue i?eiyo a aaiaeo A?iciiai Aeaeiia. N yoiai a?aiaie Oi??ei
noaiiaeony eoie?ii Eaiiia, ni naiae noi?iiu Oi??ei oaaaeaeaaony a
niiniaiinoyo iieiaeiai iaoeici.
A 1920 a. Eieiceii aue oaeo. Aai aeaei ianeaaeiaae Aeaeiiie Oi??ei. E
oiio a?aiaie aeioiae iaoee *eeaai ninoaaeye ieiei 100 oun. aeieea?ia a
iaaeaeth. Ni nia?oueth Eieiceii ai?ueaa iaaeaeo eiieo?e?othueie aaiaeaie
ia ieii/eeanue. Iniiaiui i?ioeaieeii auea aaiaea Aeaeiia I`Aaieiia,
ninoiyaoay aeaaiui ia?acii ec e?eaiaeneeo eiiea?aioia. Oi??ei e aai
aaeuthoaio Eaiiia ?aoeee iaianoe niia?ieeai nie?ooeoaeueiue oaea?.
Ianeieueei iaoeice, niaoeeaeece?iaaaoeony ia oaeenoaao, – o?eaaa?iaiu,
iacuaaaiua oae iioiio, /oi iie iinoiyiii aea?aeaee iaeaoe ia nioneiaii
e?th/ea ienoieaoa, eee, eae eo aua iacuaaee, oi?iaaein, iieo/eee io ieo
iniaia caaeaiea. A 1924 a. /eeaaneee “ieaiie ei?ieue” Aeaeii I’Aaieii
oia? io ianeieueeeo oi/iuo auno?aeia, i?ia?aiaaoeo a oi a?aiy, eiaaea n
aoeaoii ne?aie a ?oeao ii auoiaeee ec oeaaoi/iiai iaaaceia.
Aaiaea I`Aaieiia caiuoeyea ianoue. Oaeie Aaen, i?aaiiee oaeoiai, oioae
nianoaaiii?o/ii i?eeii/eoue Oi??ei. A naiae aeoeee ii eniieueciaae iiaia
a aaianoa?neie n?aaea i?oaeea – aaoiiao. Ec naiaai aaoiiiaeey Aaen
iano?aeye aaoiiiaeeue Oi??ei. Oioa? aeiia /eeaaneie iaoee neii/aeny ia
ianoa, iaeiaei nai a?iciue Aeaeii ioaeaeaeny eeoue ia?ie aeu?ie a oeyia.
Ianeieueei aeiae nionoy a iiaeuacaea iaeiiai aeiia o?eaaa?iaiu aaiaeu
I`Aaieiia aiiaue ono?ieee canaaeo. Ia yoio ?ac iie no?aeyee oi/iaa: ec
iyoeaeanyoe auiouaiiuo ii A?iciiio Aeaeiio ioeue o?e aeinoeaee oeaee.
Ianyoe aeaaa /eeaaneie iaoee iaoiaeeeny iaaeaeo aeeciueth e nia?oueth.
Aueaey ec aieueieoeu, Oi??ei ?aoee inoaaeoue aeaea. O iaai auei
aeinoaoi/ii aeaiaa aeey aaccaaioiie aeecie. Aiineaaenoaee ii aua aeieai
iiiiaae iaoeice naieie niaaoaie. O?ii ainna /eeaaneeo iaoeice aue
naiaiaeai.
Ia?aae ooiaeii a ionoaaeo Oi??ei nia?ae anao eaii. E oiio a?aiaie o
aaiaeeoia aic?iaeeeenue noa?ua o?aaeeoeee Neoeeeee: /aoeay ea?a?oey n
aeiiii ai aeaaa e iiae/eiyaoeany aio eaii – “eaeoaiaioaie”, eae iacuaaee
eo aia?eeaineea aacaou. Oi??ei aian nainaoeeiiiia i?aaeeiaeaiea: aai
i?aaiieeii aeieaeai noaoue Eaiiia. Eiia/ii, a aaiaeao iaoee auei iiiai
ianeoeeeeeoeaa e aeaaea iaeoaeueyioeaa. Iaeiaei, aeey oiai, /oiau
caiyoue eiiaiaeiue iino, aei neo ii? auei iaiaoiaeeii iaycaoaeueii auoue
?iaeii n ino?iaa a N?aaeecaiiii ii?a. Oi??ei iienae aunieea aeinoieinoaa
naiaai i?ioaaea – aai iniio?eoaeueiinoue, i?aaiecaoi?neee oaeaio. Eaie
i?eiyee aai i?aaeeiaeaiea. Yoi aue aaeeinoaaiiue a enoi?ee iaoee neo/ae,
eiaaea ianeoeeeeaoe aue i?iecaaaeai a aeiiu.
Eeoei ni o?aiii, Eaiiia, iaaiieeoaiaoe, ii?aaaeae iaeeaeaiey iaoee.
Aia?eeaineay iauanoaaiiinoue iiaea aeiaaaeaoueny i niaia o?iia iaoee a
ai?iaea ia ica?a Ie/eaai ii iieeoeaeneei io/aoai. Aieia aaianoa?ia
i?eiyea iaaeaeaiiua aei neo ii? ?acia?u. Oieueei iaaeaeo 1924 e 1929 aa.
a *eeaai auei cano?aeaii aieaa iyoenio aaianoa?ia. Eaiiia aaniiuaaeii
eno?aaee aaiaeo I’Aaieiia, aaiaeu Aeioy?oe e Aeeea Ii?aia. E aaoiiaoai
i?eniaaeeieeenue ioeaiaou e ?o/iua a?aiaou. A aaianoa?neoth i?aeoeeo
aioee onoaiaaeeaaaiua a aaoiiiaeeyo ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa, eioi?ua
n?aaaouaaee iinea aeeth/aiey noa?oa?a.
Ia/aei yoie na?ee oaeenoa aioei a enoi?eth aia?eeaineie e?eieiaeenoeee
iiae iacaaieai ‘”?aciy a aeaiue na. Aaeaioeia”. Iia?aoeeth Aeue Eaiiia
iacia/ee ia 14 oaa?aey 1924 a. Yoio aeaiue neo/aeii niaiae n oea?eiaiui
i?acaeieeii na. Aaeaioeia. A iacia/aiiue /an /eaiu aaiaeu Eaiiia a oi?ia
/eeaaneeo iieeoeaeneeo ai?aaeenue a aa?aae, aaea aaiaea Ii?aia
i?aaieciaaea neeaae eiio?aaaiaeiiai aenee. Ethaee Ii?aia, caoaa/aiiua
a?anieio, iiaeiyee ?oee aaa?o, aoaeo/e oaaaeaeaiu a iiaeeeiiinoe
iieeoeaeneeo. Iiei?ii auno?ieeenue iie o noaiee, ii aianoi iaeeaeaaiiai
iaunea ?acaeaeenue auno?aeu. Naiue /aeiaae auee oaeou, n?aaee ieo e
aeaaa?ue aaiaeu. I?eaea/aiiua auno?aeaie i?ioiaeea noieieeenue
ia?aae aa?aaeii. Iie auee /?acia?ii oaeeaeaiu ?anoi?iiiinoueth
aethnoeoaeae ii?yaeea, eiaaea ia?ie Eaiiia a iiaie, eae n eaiei/ee,
oi?ia iieeioee ianoi e?iaaaie aieie.
“Niiniaiinoe” Aeue Eaiiia ia ia?aie/eeenue i?aaiecaoeeae oaeenoa. O iaai
aue iniaue itho ia aecian, ii aeaeae aiciiaeiinoe aeey auaiaeiiai
aeiaeaiey i?eaueae io eiio?aaaiaeu nie?oiuie iaieoeaie. Eaiiia noae
iiaeeeiiui ecia?aoaoaeai ?yeaoa, i?iaiaeeiiai a oe?ieeo ianooaaao.
Ia?aiia/aeueii neiai “?yeao” ia eiaei oiai cia/aiey, eioi?ia i?eia?aei
iicaeiaa. Niaeanii iaeiie ec aa?nee, iii i?ienoiaeeo io aiaeeeneiai
“?yeeo” – “?aeaoea”, ecaioiaeaiea eioi?ie a 1897 a. auei
iiiiiieece?iaaii a *eeaai, Ii ae?oaie – n/eoaaony, /oi yoi iiiyoea
aicieeei a eiioea i?ioeiai aaea, eiaaea iaeioi?ua eeoau a Iueth-Ei?ea
eiaee iaueiiaaiea ono?aeaaoue aaeu, eioi?ua iacuaaee “?yeeou” (?aeaoee).
I?iaeaaea aeeaoia ia aaeu auea iniiaiui enoi/ieeii aeioiaeia yoeo
eeoaia. Aaeieieno?aoeee eeoaia i?eoiaeeeinue iau/ii iaiiiai
“niaeaenoaiaaoue” i?iaeaaea, auioaeaeay ethaeae iieoiaoue aeeaou.
Ia?aoea aieiaiea iaoee ia aiciiaeiinoue i?aaiecaoeee ?yeaoa a oe?ieeo
ianooaaao, e aaaaey aai aia?aua a *eeaai, Eaiiia eniieueciaae a ?aaioa
iiuo, iaeiieaiiue a naia a?aiy “*a?iie ?oeie”: aaiaiiaoth “iioeeio” a
Iiaii I?eaaia e iynioth oi?aiaeth a Naio-Eoena. ?yeaoe?u oao eao
aeaenoaiaaee oaeei ia?acii: ia?ie ec aaiaeu Eaiiia iaoiaeeee, e i?eia?o,
ianeieueei nio i?a/a/iuo *eeaai, cayaeyy i?e yoii eo aeaaeaeueoeai, /oi
oioaee au iieo/aoue anaai aeanyoue aeieea?ia a ianyoe “aiciaa?aaeaeaiey
ca io?aio”. Anee oicyaaa ieaoeoue ia aeaeaee, oi iie eeoaeenue caoeou. A
yoi icia/aei ?acaeoua aeo?eiu, aeaa?e, iaeeoua eeneioie, ni?aaiiua
auaanee, enii?/aiiia aaeuea eeeaioia. Anei?a ieaoeoue noaee ana.
Yoe iaoiaeu iiaeii auei eniieueciaaoue “ii aa?oeeaee” – a ?acee/iuo
aeaeao ?aianae e oi?aiaee – e “ii ai?eciioaee” – aioo?e eaeie-eeai
iaeiie io?anee. Oae Eaiiia ioe?ue aeey iaoee iiaue enoi/iee aeioiaeia.
Nia/aea aai aaiaea acyeanue ca “io?aio” ioaee/iiai aeiia, ni a?aiaiai
aeiaaaey yoo nenoaio aei niaa?oainoaa. Iniiaie aeciana auei: 50
i?ioeaioia – iaoee, 50 – i?inoeoooeai. Ii yoi ioithaeue ia icia/aei, /oi
aiciiaeiinoe ecaea/aiey iaoeae i?eaueae ec yoie io?anee auee iieiinoueth
en/a?iaiu. I?inoeoooee yenieoaoe?iaaeenue eae ?aauie, e iieeoeey n
iieiui i?aaii aiai?eea i “aaeii ?aanoaa”.
A yoie nayce eioa?aniu iieacaiey iaeiie i?inoeoooee: “ss caeiea/eaath
556 aeieea?ia a iaaeaeth. Iieiaeio ec ieo caa?aaaao oicyeea aeiia,
cia/eo, inoaaony 278 aeieea?ia. 25 aeieea?ia, oi/aoue – ia oi/aoue,
ioaeii ioaeaoue Eaca?e, iiaio iin?aaeieeo a yoii aeiia, e 36 aeieea?ia –
Ia?o//ei, eioi?ue iaiy ooaea ono?iee. 15 aeieea?ia ooiaeeo ia ae?aoao, 5
aeieea?ia y iea/o ca aaeaaeaiaeaeueiue a?a/aaiue iniio?, 25 aeieea?ia
auiiaatho o ian aeey eaeiai-ieaoaeue “iieeoe/aneiai oiiaea”, 10
aeieea?ia – ca aeeaou ia nii?oeaiue i?acaeiee eiiia, 10 aeieea?ia – ia
ieeiee oa?eoa 50 aeieea?ia ooiaeeo ia i/a?aaeiia aa/a?iaa ieaouea,
eioi?ua iinoiyiii iaaycuaaao iaeia ec aaiae. Oicyeea aeiia neacaea iai,
/oi iu aeieaeiu iieoiaoue eo, eee aaiaea iiaeieiao aeii ia aicaeoo. ss
ia aiai?th oaea i oii, /oi eaaeaeua aeaa aeiy aeieaeia oeeaaeuaaoue
aieinu, – yoi aeinoaaeyao ia?iiioth ?aaeinoue eaeiio-ieaoaeue ianoiiio
iieeoeeaio, a iia iaoiaeeony a 15 aeieea?ia a iaaeaeth. I?eaaaueoa e
oiio aea aua i?eia?ii 4 aeieea?a ca i?iacae ia o?ainii?oa. Eiiiaoa
iaoiaeeony iia a 10 aeieea?ia. Iaeiaaeaeu iu ociaee, /oi ia?a
iieeoeaeneeo niae?aaony i?aaieciaaoue a aeiia iaeaao, e yoi iaioeinue
iai ii iyoa?ea n iina, au/oeoa e eo oiaea. Oaeei ia?acii, iie
iaaeaeueiua ?anoiaeu ninoaaeytho 221,30 aeieea?a, cia/eo, iia aeinoaaony
56,70 aeieea?a; eo, ?acoiaaony, y ioaeath ?aeiiiaeo, naiaio nooaia?o,
eioi?iai iau/ii ano?a/ath a eiioea iaaeaee. Oiaaea iu eaeai
eoaea-ieaoaeue e iaieaaainy aae?uca”.
Ii/aio, ni?aoeaaaony, yoe i?anooieaiey: oaeenoaa, iaeaaaeueiay oi?aiaey
nie?oiuie iaieoeaie, auiiaaoaeuenoai, yenieoaoaoeey i?inoeoooie – iiaee
i?ienoiaeeoue aaciaeacaiii? Iaaei neacaoue, /oi Aeue Eaiiia aeiaae
iaeaaeaiioth aai i?aaeoanoaaiieeaie nenoaio aei niaa?oainoaa. I?e
aeaaioneeo i?eaueyo aai i?aaiecaoeee Aeue Eaiiia iia iicaieeoue naaa
eoieoue ia oieueei anth iieeoeeth, ii e aieueoeinoai iieeoe/aneeo
aeayoaeae ai?iaea a i?eaea/o. E iaiaeiio oaeeaeaieth /eeaaoeaa,
caueoieeii ia noaeaaiii i?ioeanna Oi??ei, ia eioi?ii ii, ?acoiaaony, aue
ii?aaaeai, aunooiee aeeceee ae?oa i?aaenaaeaoaey aeaiie?aoe/aneie ia?oee
*eeaai. Eae auynieeinue iicaeiaa, Aeue Eaiiia eiae iaueiiaaiea oaeea
nayce ?anoe?youe, i /ai naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaei ianeieueei i?eia/aoaeueiuo
aeieoiaioia, iaia?oaeaiiuo aeanoyie a nayce ni neaiaeaeueiuie
?aciaea/aieyie oaniiai nio?oaeie/anoaa iaoee n aia?eeaineei
i?aainoaeeai. N?aaee ieo auei e ienueii /eeaaneiai noaeuee Aeaeiiniia
Iaeno Aieueia, iaeiiio ec eaii aaiaeu Aeue Eaiiia: “Aei?iaie Iaen.
Aeaaiaea?th aan ca iiiiuue, ieacaiioth iia a aeaiue auai?ia. Au, eae
iaeuecy eo/oa, iicaaioeeenue ia eo i?iaaaeaiee. Aac aan y au ia niia
aueoe n /anoueth ec cao?oaeieoaeueiiai iieiaeaiey, a eioi?ii iaoiaeeeny.
Nianeai, noa?eia! ss ieeiaaea yoiai ia caaoaeo. Iaaeathnue ia nei?oth
ano?a/o n aaie”.
Aeeyiea Aeue Eaiiia auei noieue aaeeei, /oi e iaio, eae ooaa?aeaeaee,
ia?aoeeenue aeaaea ca eiinoeueoaoeeae ii iiaiaeo i?iaaaeaiey
i?aceaeaioneeo auai?ia 1928a., iianaynue aiaoaoaeuenoaa iaoee a oiae
i?aaeauai?iie eaiiaiee. Ai anyeii neo/aa, iaaeaeo O?yieii Aeae. Eiooai,
oaoii /eeaaneie oaieiaiie iieeoeee, caaea/ae eioi?iai yaeyeanue ai?ueaa
n i?anooiiinoueth, e “aaeeeei Eaiiia” ninoiyeanue i?eaaoiay ae?oaeaneay
aanaaea. Eaiiia iaauae Eiooo aea?aeaoueny a noi?iia io i?aceaeaioneeo
auai?ia. *oi i?aaeeiaeee Eioo a ea/anoaa ioaaoiie oneoae – enoi?ey
oiae/eaaao. Iaeiaei a oa aiaeu ioeac iaoee io o/anoey a i?aaeauai?iie
i?aceaeaioneie eaiiaiee ea?ae eeoue aoi?inoaiaiioth ?ieue e ioithaeue ia
icia/ae, /oi i?aoaiaeaiou ia aunooth a Aia?eea ainoaea?noaaiioth
aeieaeiinoue aiiaua ia ainiieueciaaeenue iiiiuueth aaianoa?ia. Ii
aaeeiiaeooiiio iiaieth i?annu, iaoey auea eeoue /anoueth oe?iei
?acaaoaeaiiie i?aaieciaaiiie i?anooiiinoe.
Aaaioia neoaeau “nooiai caeiia”, a caaea/o eioi?uo aoiaeee eiio?ieue ca
niaethaeaieai 18-e iii?aaee e Eiinoeoooeee NOA, Eaiiia oaeaea e?aiei
aea?aeae a ?oeao. Aaaio, eioi?iio ainoaea?noai ieaoeei ca aai o?oae 44
aeieea?a a iaaeaeth, iieo/ae io ae?oaie caeioa?aniaaiiie noi?iiu a
aeaa-o?e ?aca aieueoa, anee niio?ae ia naie iaycaiiinoe neaicue
iaeueoeu. Iaaei neacaoue, iiiaea ec ieo oae e iinooiaee.
E anee iieeoeee a oa a?aiaia Aeue Eaiiia niaa?oaiii ia aiyeny, oi o iaai
auee iniiaaiey iianaoueny naieo ae?oaeeia ec Iueth-Ei?ea. A na?aaeeia
20-o aiaeia iaoee eae anaiauaiethuae, aaeeiie i?aaiecaoeee a NOA aua ia
nouanoaiaaei. Ianoiua aaiaeu iaoee – “naiuee” – ia auee naycaiu ae?oa n
ae?oaii e, caauaay i iaoeeiiaeueiie iauiinoe, iaeanoi/aiii ai?ieenue
iaaeaeo niaie ca noa?u aeeyiey. Iaeiiai ec iueth-ei?eneeo aeaaa?ae iaoee
caaee Aeaeocaiia Aeaeei.
Aeaeei ethoi iaiaaeaeae «Eeoei ni o?aiii», oae eae ia niia nie?eoueny n
iuneueth, /oi ai aeaaa “naiuee” iaoee noieo ia neoeeeeaoe, eioi?ue
eiiaiaeoao neoeeeeeoeaie. Iiia/aeo yoa iaiaaenoue Aeaeei i?iyaeeanue a
einaaiiuo aeaenoaeyo i?ioea Eaiiia. A ai?iaea Nena?i, aeec *eeaai, ia?ie
Aeaeei i?eno?aeeee eiiia?naioa Aioiiei Eiiaa?aee, eioi?iai Eaiiia
naeaeae naiei eaii. Neaaeothuaa iieooaiea – ia caeaaeu/iiai ae?oaa e
ni?aoieea Aeue Eaiiia Ianeoaea Eiea?aei auei i?aaieciaaii Aeaeei a
o?aaeeoeeiiiii noeea iaoee.
Ia?ie Aeaeocaiia Aeaeei iaaanoeee Eiea?aei a aai i?ae?anii ianoaaeaiiie
/eeaaneie eaa?oe?a, i?aaenoaaeaoenue aeaeiauie ia?oia?aie iaeiiai iauaai
ciaeiiiai a Iueth-Ei?ea. Iie i?eianee n niaie iiaea?ie e oeaaou aeey
aeaiu Eiea?aei. Iia na?ae?iaaea noieee, iinoaaeea aeii e ne?ueanue ia
eooia, /oiau ia iaoaoue ioaeo ?acaiaa?eaaoue i “aeaeao”. AEaia Eiea?aei
aiceeanue ia eooia, eae aae?oa oneuoaea auno?aeu. Iia a?ineeanue a
eiiiaoo. Ia iiaeo a eoaea e?iae n ?aciicaeaiiie aieiaie eaaeae aa ioae.
“Ciaeiiua” ec Iueth-Ei?ea en/acee.
Nai?y/a aeaia Eiea?aei iienaea iieeoeaeneei i?eiaou iaeiiai ec oaeeoe.
Iaeiaei iicaeiaa iia ioeacaeanue io naieo iieacaiee, cayaea, /oi ie/aai
ia ciaao. AEaiu iaoeice oaeaea iaycaiu niaethaeaoue caeii iie/aiey.
Aeaeocaiia Aeaeei ia inoaiiaeeny ia yoeo “i?aaeinoa?aaeaieyo”. Ii
iiiuoaeny ?aceiaeeoue aaiaeo Aeue Eaiiia ecioo?e. Ca e?oiioth noiio ainn
iueth-ei?eneie iaoee iiaeeoiee aeaoo aeiaa?aiiuo ethaeae Eaiiia
-Aeaeiaaiie Neaee/a e Aeueaa?oi Ainaeueii. Iaa iie aianoa n a?aoueyie
Aeaeaiia ?aaioaee a ioaeaea aooeaaaa?ia /eeaaneie iaoee, e, iaaei
neacaoue, n aieueoei oniaoii. A?aouey Aeaeaiia yaeyeenue aeaaeaeueoeaie
aiaoia ie/ai ia i?eia/aoaeueiie e aiieia eaaaeueiie oe?iu, eioi?ay
neoaeeea i?ee?uoeai aeey eo aeciana nie?oiuie iaieoeaie. A?aouey-iaoeice
eiiaiaeiaaee i?aeoe/anee anae iieeoeeae ai?iaeneiai ?aeiia.
Aaeaiaaeaeueii neoaeauea iieeoeee auno?aeaaeenue a i/a?aaeue e eanna
oe?iu a?aoueaa Aeaeaiia. Oai auieaoa acyoie eiio?iee?iaaeanue n
iiiiuueth nienea, aeinoaaeyaoaainy niaoeeaeueiui iinueueiui ec
iieeoeaeneiai oi?aaeaiey ia Iaenaaee-no?eo.
Aeaa aeaoaeoeaa, ia aoiaeeaoea a yoio nienie, iiiuoaeenue i?iaaeeoue
oe?io a?aoueaa Aeaeaiia. Eo iinoeaea ia/aeueiay o/anoue: iie iiaeaee io
auno?aeia Ainaeueii e Neaee/a. Ia noaeaaiii i?ioeanna, eae yoiai e
neaaeiaaei iaeeaeaoue a *eeaai, oaeeoeu auee ii?aaaeaiu. Iaeiaei a oiaea
noaeaaiiai ?acae?aoaeuenoaa anieuee aeaiiua i ei??oioeee iieeoeee a
“Aeaeai-ia-eyiaea” – “aio/eia a?aoueaa Aeaeaiia”, eae iacuaaea ia?iaeiay
iieaa yoio ai?iaeneie ?aeii, iiyoiio aeanoe auee auioaeaeaiu i?eiyoue
“no?iaea ia?u'”: oee/aiiuo a ei??oioeee iieeoeaeneeo… ia?aaaee ia
ae?oaea o/anoee.
E Neaee/a e Ainaeueii anei?a i?eniaaeeieeny Aeaeocaiia Aeaeoioan,
eioi?iai iie ?aeiiaiaeiaaee ia ?oeiaiaeyuee iino /eeaaneie iaoee. Aeue
Eaiiia ii?o/ee naiae i?aaiecaoeee “Aeaee-2” i?iuoiaoue Aeaeoioana. Yoa
i?aaiecaoeey auea iiaaeoei ecia?aoaieai Eaiiia e i?aaenoaaeyea niaie
neoaeao eioi?iaoeee, oieiiaaea e eiio?oieiiaaea. Ia?eeiaoa?u e aa?iaiu,
neoaeauea ioaeae, ii?ouea e /enoeeueueee iaoae, neoaeauea iy?ee,
iieeoeaeneea e oioa?u oaene ai anai *eeaai ciaee iiia? oaeaoiia ia oio
neo/ae, anee iie iiaee niiaueoue “aaeeeiio Eaiiia” /oi-eeai eioa?aniia.
Anei?a “Aeaee-2” onoaiiaeea: Aeaeocaiia Aeaeoioan aue o Aeaeocaiia
Aeaeei “oi?iaaein” – eniieieoaeai nia?oiuo i?eaiai?ia, eioi?iio auei
ii?o/aii i?e oaeiaiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao i?eeii/eoue Aeue Eaiiia e
caoaaoeoue aeanoue a /eeaaneie iaoee a ea/anoaa “aeoea-ei?iey”
iueth-ei?eneie aaiaeu Aeaeei. Neaee/a e Ainaeueii aeieaeiu auee iiii/ue
aio i?e caoaaoa aeanoe.
Aeue Eaiiia i?eaeanee anao iaoeice ia oi?aeanoaaiiue iaaae. I?aaeeiaii
iineoaeeei iacia/aiea Aeaeoioana ia aeieaeiinoue eaii. Iaoeice
nia?aeenue a aaieaoiii caea ?anoi?aia. I?aaeaa?eoaeueii iie auee
i?ieino?oeoe?iaaiu Aeue Eaiiia, eae naay aanoe. “Aaeeeee Eaiiia” ee/ii
i?eieiae ainoae, ethaacii oeuaaeny anai, aeey eaaeaeiai iaoiaeee
ae?oaeaneia neiai, e?aiei iiaeeiae ?oee e aue iniaaiii o/oea e i?eaaoeea
ni Neaee/a, Ainaeueii e Aeaeoioanii. I?eianee o?aaeeoeeiiiua aethea ni
niaaaooe, aeaaiooathuoth ieoeoeo, iocaoua aooueee n eueyioe.
Eae ii/aoiue ainoue Aeaeoioan caiye ianoi ai aeaaa noiea, Neaee/a e
Ainaeueii, “caneoaeeaoea” iiauoaiea, naee ii iaa noi?iiu io iaai.
Eaiiia iiaeiyeny n aieaeii oaiiaineiai a ?oea. Ana iai?yaeaiii iaeeaeaee
oinoa. Iaeiaei iaiaeeaeaiii oeuaea en/acea n aai eeoea, iii no?aoii
eneaceeinue, noaei ia?oaaiii-aeaaeiui, o?ai ia eaaie uaea iaeeeny
e?iaueth. “I?aaeaoaee! Aea?ueii! Aiith/ea niaaee!” – enoioii cai?ae ii e
a?inee aieae a eeoei ioeaiaiaaoaio Aeaeoioano. Ae?oaie ?oeie Eaiiia
aeinoae ec-iiae noiea oyaeaeoth aaenaieueioth aeoo. O/anoieee aaieaoa
auoaaoeee ienoieaou e iai?aaeee eo ia o?ao i?aaeaoaeae. Eaiiia iaaeeaiii
iaioae aie?oa noiea e inoaiiaeeny iicaaee Neaee/a. Caoai ii ianeieueei
?ac oaea?ee aai ii aieiaa oyaeaeie aeoie. Oaeaea Eaiiia ?acaeaeaeny n
Aeaeoioanii e Ainaeueii.
Iinea yoiai “ei?ieue *eeaai” a?inee ie?iaaaeaiioth aaenaieueioth aeoo ia
iie, naeaeae naiei “nieaeaoai” ciae, /oiau iie oa?aee o?oiu, e
no?aieoaeueii auoae ec caea. Ainaeueii e Aeaeoioan auee aua aeeau.
Iaoeice i?eno?aeeee eo.
Ia neaaeothuee aeaiue ia oinna iaaeaeaei io *eeaai a i?eaei?iaeiie
eaiaaa iieeoeey iaoea o?e o?oia. Eiy oaeeoeu auei ecaanoii anai. Iaeiaei
ieeaeeo oeee i?ioea iaai ia auei.
Iinea niaa?oaiey yoiai oaeenoaa i?ioei ianeieueei iaaeaeue. Aeiiu iaoee
a ?aciuo eiioeao Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia iieo/eee i?eaeaoaiea i?eaoaoue a
Aoeaioee-Neoe, aaea aaianoa?u iaiaoeee i?iaanoe eiioa?aioeeth. Ana
aaiaeu iaoee a NOA: a Iueth-Ei?ea, Aeao?ieoa, *eeaai, Eeeaeaiaea, a
Oeeaaeaeueoee e Ainoiia, a Naio-Eoena e Iiaii I?eaaia – iai?aaeee ia iaa
naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae. Aeaaa?ue iaoee *eeaai Aeue Eaiiia oioae
i?enooieoue e inouanoaeaieth eaeae naiaai i?aaeoanoaaiieea Aeaeiiie
Oi??ei: ?acaeaeeoue e ?aca?aie/eoue noa?u aeeyiey, aeiaiai?eoueny i
acaeiiie iiiiue e iinoiyiiii nio?oaeie/anoaa e iaanaaaea iieiaeeoue
eiiaoe ai?ueaa iaoeice iaaeaeo niaie.
Ca aiae aei yoiai a Eeeaeaiaea ninoiyeanue ia?aay ano?a/a. Eo?ueaciay
neo/aeiinoue ia?ooeea ieaiu iaoeice. Aaeieieno?aoi? ioaey, a eioi?ii iie
inoaiiaeeenue, i?e aeaea 21 iinoiyeueoea a iaeeiaeiauo einothiao e
oeyiao, iiaeic?eoaeueii ice?aaoeony ii noi?iiai, ecoieeny ianoieueei,
/oi ooo aea iicaiiee a iieeoeeth. Ai a?aiy iaunea o eaaeaeiai ec ieo
iieeoeaeneea iaia?oaeeee ienoieao, i?e/ai ie iaeei ec aeaaeaeueoeaa
i?oaeey ia niia i?aaeuyaeoue aethnoeoaeyi ii?yaeea ioeoeeaeueiiai
?ac?aoaiey ia aai iioaiea. Oaeei ia?acii, caieaie?iaaiiay eiioa?aioeey
iaoee ia ninoiyeanue, aianoi yoiai nia?aaoeony ia iaa i?eaiai?eee e
oth?aiiiio caeeth/aieth, ?acoiaaony, oneiaii, e e aeaiaaeiiio oo?aoo ii
50 aeiee. n eaaeaeiai.
A iaa 1929 a. yeeoa iaoee i?eaoaea ia ?ineioiue i?eii?neee eo?i?o
Aoeaioee-Neoe. Ia yoio ?ac iaoeice auee aieaa i?aaeoniio?eoaeueiu.
Iianthaeo eo nii?iaiaeaeaee oaeio?aieoaee, ie ia iea ia inoaaeyy naieo
oicyaa aac i?eniio?a. Iiae eo?oeaie o ieo ia niaoeeaeueiuo ?aiiyo
iaaioiaa auee eieueou.
Ia yoio ?ac Aeue Eaiiia iiaae naay eae aeeieiiao aunoaai eeanna. Aeyaey
ia iaai, iaeuecy auei iiaeoiaoue, /oi iacaaeieai aei yoiai ii caa?nee
oaee aaenaieueiie aeoie ianeieueeeo iaoeice ec eiieo?e?othuae “naiuee”.
Eaiiia aueiaeee nia?aaoeiny iaoeice i?aaeeiaeaiey – naie nianoaaiiua e
Aeaeiiie Oi??ei, aeooiaiiai iooea yoie ano?a/e. Ii cayaee, /oi
iaiaoiaeeii, iaeiiaoe, iieii/eoue n ?acae?iaeaiiinoueth e niia?ie/anoaii
aioo?e iaoee ?aaee iauaai aeaea. Aeaaa?ue /eeaaneie iaoee ia?eniaae
ea?oeio, eae i?aaiecaoeey, iauaaeeiea naie neeu, iiaea au
?ani?ino?aieoue naia aeeyiea ii anae no?aia. Ii neacae, /oi “nooie
caeii” a nei?ii a?aiaie iiaeao auoue ioiaiai e /oi iaiaoiaeeii
i?eaioiaeoueny e yoiio iiiaioo. Neaaeiaaei ioe?uoue iiaua io?anee
aeioiaea: aca?oiua ea?u, i?inoeoooeeth, ?yeao, aoeiaeea?noai, oi?aiaeth
ia?eioeeaie.
Ia ano?a/a a Aoeaioee-Neoe iaoeice niaeaniaaee eiie?aoiua ia?ii?eyoey:
1. Aia?eeaineea aaiaeu iaoee iauaaeeiythony ii ia?acoeo ioa/anoaaiiie
neoeeeeeneie iaoee a aaeeiue nithc, eioi?ue ioiuia aeieaeai iineoue
iacaaiea “Eica iino?a” (“Iaoa aeaei”).
2. “Naiuee” iaoee ia?acothony ec ioaeaeueiuo aaiae.
3. Eaaeaeoth “naiueth” aicaeaaeyao aeii, eioi?ue ioaeaao i?eeacu
iiae/eiaiiui aio eaie.
4. Oaea ia yoie eiioa?aioeee a Aoeaioee-Neoe “Eica iino?a” ioaiaeeo
ioaeaeueiui “naiueyi” ?aeiiu eo aeaenoaey, a?aieoeu eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeii
no?iai niaethaeaoue.
5. Nithc “Eica iino?a” aicaeaaeyao aa?oiaiue niaao, a eioi?ue aoiaeyo
ana aeiiu – aeaaa?e “naiae” iaoee. Yoio niaao oeaaeeaaao ana aicieeoea
?aciiaeaney e eiioeeeou.
6.Niaianoiay ?aaioa n ianeoeeeeeneeie aaianoa?aie ia oieueei aiciiaeia,
ii e aeaeaoaeueia, aeey oiai, /oiau iinoaaeoue iiae eiio?ieue “Eica
iino?u” aanue aia?eeaineee i?anooiiue ie?. Iaeiaei, a yoie niaianoiie
?aaioa a ethaii neo/aa nithco “Eica iino?a” ioaiaeeony ?oeiaiaeyuay
?ieue.
7. A “Eica iino?a”, eae e a neoeeeeeneie iaoee, aeaenoaoao iia?oa,
iai?aeiaeiue caeii iie/aiey.
I?eiyoeai yoeo ioieoia “Eica iino?a” nicaeaea naie iaienaiue eiaeaen.
Iiae niaeaoaieai a Aoeaioee-Neoe ia noiyei ie iiaeienae, ie ia/aoe, iii
ia auei aeaaea caoeene?iaaii ia aoiaaa, e ana aea iii eiaei ia iaiueooth
neeo, /ai aeiaiai?, caeeth/aiiue o iioa?eona.
Iaaiieeoaiaoe Aeueoiin Eaiiia a Aoeaioee-Neoe ia?aaeee /an naiaai
iaeaunoaai o?eoioa. Iaeiaei anei?a iinea yoiai aai ianoeaea ?oea caeiia.
Ia ia?aoiii iooe a *eeaai aio i?eoeinue ianeieueei /ania iaeeaeaoue
ia?anaaeee a Oeeaaeaeueoee. *oiau eae-oi nei?ioaoue a?aiy, Eaiiia
ioi?aaeeny ni naieie oaeio?aieoaeyie a eeii. Iinea eeii, eiaaea aeaaa?ue
/eeaaneie iaoee aica?auaeny ia aiecae, aai iiiciaee e caaea?aeaee aeaa
nio?oaeieea oaieiaiie iieeoeee. I?e iaunea a iieeoeaeneii o/anoea o iaai
aue iaeaeai ienoieao a aeaei?aoeaii ioaeaeaiiie eiao?a ?o/iie ?aaiou.
Eaiiia niieieii i?aaeuyaee auaeaiiia aio a *eeaai ?ac?aoaiea ia iioaiea
i?oaeey, oaa?aiiue a oii, /oi iinea yoiai eioeeaeaio aoaeao en/a?iai.
“Niaeaeath, ienoa? Eaiiia, – niieieii neacae neoaeauee iieeoeaeneiai
oi?aaeaiey. Caeanue yoiai iaaeinoaoi/ii. Au a?anoiaaiu!”
Neiaeiue i?aaiaie noaoon NOA iaoey /anoi n aieueoei oniaoii
eniieueciaaea ?aiaa, aea e iiiuia ecaeaeaao ec yoiai iaiaeoth auaiaeo.
I?anooieaiey, iaeacoaiua a iaeiii ooaoa Aia?eee, ia ea?aeenue caeiiii a
ae?oaeo. Ca ieo iiaee i?aneaaeiaaoue eeoue a oii ooaoa, a eioi?ii iie
auee niaa?oaiu, a ninaaeiai ooaoa ?oea caeiia oaea ia iiaea aeinoaoue
i?anooiieea. E oiio aea iieeoeaeneay neoaeaa auea i?aaiecaoeeiiii
?acae?iaeaia: iieeoeey e?oiiuo ai?iaeia, oa?eou a iaaieueoeo iaueiao e
iieeoeey oiai eee eiiai ooaoa ?aaioaee niaa?oaiii iainiaeaiii ae?oa io
ae?oaa. Oaaea?aeueiia ath?i ?anneaaeiaaiey, iiae/eiythuaany
i?aaeoaeuenoao NOA, ie/aai ia iiaei n yoei iiaeaeaoue e i?eieiaei
?aoeoaeueiua ia?u eeoue a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ia?ooaeny ainoaea?noaaiiue
caeii. Iacaaeneii io anao yoeo o/?aaeaeaiee ieienoa?noai oeiainia
Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia /a?ac iiae/eiyaoeany aio iaeiaiaia oi?aaeaiea,
aa?aaiaoth io?aio e neoaeao ii ai?ueaa n eiio?aaaiaeie ia?eioeeia ?aoaei
oa aea caaea/e, /oi e iieeoeey. Yoa i?aaiecaoeeiiiay iooaieoea auea ia
?oeo i?aaieciaaiiie i?anooiiinoe, iaeiaei ia yoio ?ac aeaei iaa?ioeinue
eia/a.
Iie/ana nionoy iinea iaunea, oaeeaeaiiue Eaiiia oaea neaeae a eaaeiaoa
i?eaaoeeai oeuaaaoaainy oaoa oeeaaeaeueoeeneie iieeoeee. Eaiiia oaeaea
i?aauaae a aeaaiaeooiii iano?iaiee. Ii oaa?ye, /oi aio oaea ianeieueei
eao ia eiaao ieeaeeo naycae n i?anooiiui ie?ii, nianoaaiii aiai?y, ii
oioae ia?aa?aoueny ai Oei?eaeo, /oiau oeoe ia iieie. ?acoiaaony, ii
iaaeee naaa a?aaia, eioi?ua oa?iaeaee aio e aai naiuea. Oieueei iiyoiio
ii aue auioaeaeai iinoiyiii iineoue i?e naaa i?oaeea.
Oao oeeaaeaeueoeeneie iieeoeee i?eyoii oeuaaeny. Oeuaaeny Eaiiia.
Oeuaaeenue iieeoeaeneea, iaoiaeeaoeany a eaaeiaoa. Iiaeaoea ?oe. Eaiiia
iiaa?ioeny, /oiau oeoe. Oiaaea oao iieeoeee Oeeaaeaeueoee
iai?eioaeaeaiiui oiiii a?inee naiei iiae/eiaiiui: “Oaanoe!” A aua /a?ac
nooee Eaiiia i?aaenoae ia?aae noaeii i?enyaeiuo e iieo/ee iaeneiaeueiue
n?ie: aiae oth?ueiu. Ia aiae ananeeueiue ainn iaoee en/ac ca oienouie
noaiaie oth?ueiu Oieueinao?a. I?aaaea, eae e iiiaei aeeyoaeueiui
iaoeice, aio auea i?aaeinoaaeaia eueaioa – ?aaioa a oth?aiiie
aeaeeioaea.
Niiauaiea ia a?anoa Aeue Eaiiia anioaioei aanue aia?eeaineee i?anooiiue
ie?. Noaaa?iua aeaeaee a yoii ?ieiaoth iaecaaaeiinoue: “A o?eiaaeoeaoue
?ac yoi e ia iiaei eii/eoueny eia/a!” Aei neo ii? iieeoeey
aeaaiaaeoeaoue ?ac a?anoiauaaea Aeue Eaiiia, aeaaiaaeoeaoue ?ac aai
ioioneaea eee aeaei oeaaeeaaeinue n iiiiuueth aeaiaaeiiai oo?aoa,
eioi?ue, anoanoaaiii, aaniethoii ia ia?aiaiye aai:
1919 a. -Ca Oaeaniia iia?aaeaeaiea – aeaei i?ae?auaii;
1922 a. – a *eeaai ca eiio?aaaiaeo aeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia – aeaei
i?ie?aoaii;
1923 a. – a *eeaai ca naiaeie/anoai e aca?oiua ea?u – 150 aeiee. oo?aoa;
1924 a. – a *eeaai ca oaeenoai – aeaei i?ae?auaii;
1925 a. – a ooaoa Iueth-Ei?e ca “ooeeaaineea aeaenoaey” – aeaei
i?ae?auaii;
1926 a. – a ai?iaea Noeeie, ooao Eeeeiien, ca iaoeiaoeee ai a?aiy
i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia – aeaei i?ae?auaii;
1926 a. – a *eeaai aua ?ac ca eiio?aaaiaeo aeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia –
aiiaue aeaei i?ae?auaii;
1926 a. – a *eeaai ca oaeenoai – aeaeiaa acyoa enooeaie ia?aoii;
1927 a. – a *eeaai ca ioeac io aea/e naeaeaoaeueneeo iieacaiee – aeaei
i?ie?aoaii;
1927 a. – a ai?iaea Aeaeieeao, ooao Eeeeiien, ca o?aiaiea i?oaeey aac
iaaeeaaeauaai ?ac?aoaiey – 2600 aeiee. oo?aoa:
1929 a. – ai Oei?eaea ca iayaeo a noae aac oaaaeeoaeueiie i?e/eiu –
aeaiaaeiue oo?ao.
Iiea Eaiiia ioauaae iieiaeaiiue n?ie iaeacaiey (a yoi a?aiy iaoeae
*eeaai oi?aaeye aai a?ao ?aeueo) aia?eeaineia iaeiaiaia oi?aaeaiea
niieieii caiyeinue aai oeiainiauie aeaeaie. Iniiaiie oeaeueth
?anneaaeiaaiey auea ioeaiea i?eaueae ?acee/iuo ioaeaeaiee “oe?iu”
Eaiiia. A eoiaa ?aaiou auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi 50 oun. aeiee. “oe?ia”
iieo/aea io eiio?aaaiaeu aeeiaiey, 25 oun. aeiee. – io cai?auaiiuo
aca?oiuo ea?, 10 oun. aeiee. – io i?inoeoooeee. Ai Oei?eaea Eaiiia eiae
ianeieueei aeee, yoou, naiua nia?aiaiiua e naiua aei?iaea aaoiiiaeee.
Neoaeauea iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey eco/eee aai iaeiaiaua aeaeea?aoeee.
Aaianoa? iia eae oaiaeii ia?ooaoue oaieiaiua caeiiu, ii i?e yoii ii ia
aeieaeai aue caauaaoue i naiaa?aiaiiie oieaoa iaeiaia
Oeaiiaeooth eioi?iaoeeth neoaeauea iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey iieo/eee io
“Oaeiie oanoa?ee” – iauaaeeiaiey /eeaaneeo aecianiaiia, eneaaoeo
aiciiaeiinoe i?ioeaiaeaenoaiaaoue iaoee, aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?ie
nouanoaaiii nieaeaea eo nianoaaiiua i?eauee. “Oaeiay oanoa?ea”
iiaen/eoaea, /oi aaeaaiaeii oieueei ia acyoee iieeoeee Eaiiia o?aoee 15
oun. aeiee. Iiyoiio, i?iaiaey ?anneaaeiaaiea, iauaaeeiaiea /eeaaneeo
aecianiaiia, anoanoaaiii, ia iaeeaeaei ieeaeie iiaeaea?aeee ni noi?iiu
ianoiie iieeoeee.
?anneaaeiaaiea iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey auei aeiiieieoaeueii cao?oaeiaii
aua e oai, /oi iaoey aaea ?an/aou iaee/iuie. I?e/ai, a eeoea sseiaa
Aoceea, ii eee/ea Caionieaiiue Iaeaoe, Eaiiia eiae ioee/iiai oeiainiaiai
niaaoieea. Aocee ianoa?nee, eae oieoniee, aeiiaee?iaae ieeeeiiaie; iie
oi aanneaaeii en/acaee, oi iaiaeeaeaiii iiyaeyeenue aiiaue. Iieoiea
eioi?iaoeee aeey iaoee oaeaea ia i?aaenoaaeyea i?iaeai. Ia neaae
i?anooiieeia neoaeaueo iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey iaaae eeoue neo/ae, eiaaea
“aieia ia?aia” aianea niyoaiea a ?yaeu aaianoa?ia.
A 1930 a. Aeue Eaiiia aica?aoeeny ec oth?aiiiai caeeth/aiey a *eeaai,
aaea aai iaeeaeaea iienoeia ei?ieaaneay ano?a/a. Aio n?aco aea i?eoeinue
anooieoue a ai?ueao ni naiei caeeyoui a?aaii – Yeeioii Iannii, neoaeauei
aia?eeaineiai ieienoa?noaa thnoeoeee. A ?acoeueoaoa o?oaeiie e
e?iiioeeaie ?aaiou Iann ?acuneae oaeiua neeaaeu e ieaiaa?ie iaoee e i?e
iiiiue oeo?ioiii nieaie?iaaiiie iia?aoeee iieieaiinii caoaaoee eo. Ca oi
a?aiy, /oi Eaiiia ia?aae?ae eieae a oth?ueia Oieueinao?a, auei
eeeaeaee?iaaii aieaa o?eaeoeaoe iaeaaaeueiuo caaiaeia ii ecaioiaeaieth
aenee e oaeiuo neeaaeia, iai?oaeiaaiea noieiinoueth a ianeieueei
ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia e eiioeneiaaii aieaa iyoeaeanyoe a?ociaeeia,
i?eiaaeeaaeaaoeo iaoee.
Eiaaea aeaaa?ue iaoee i?eaue a “naie” ai?iae, Iann ia/ae “aieio ia?aia”.
N?aaee aaianoa?ia ii ?anionoee neooe, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auee aianoe niooo
a ?yaeu iaoeice e iinayoue iaaeiaa?ea e Eaiiia. Yoi iaauaei i?eianoe
oniao, iineieueeo, ieia “/aeiaaea ni o?aiii ia eeoea” iinea iaoaea/e a
Oeeaaeaeueoee ianeieueei iiia?e. Iaeiaaeaeu a aia?oaiaioao Eaiiia a
ioaea Eaeneiaoii ia Ie/eaai-aaaith cacaiiee oaeaoii. Iaecaanoiue
niiauee: “A iaeeiiaaeoeaoue /ania ia?aae ioaeai i?iecieaeao ia/oi
eioa?aniia”.
Aeue Eaiiia iaeaaeaei ethaiiuonoai. Ec ieia naiaai iiia?a /a?ac aeaethce
ii iacaiaoii iia iaaethaeaoue ca Ie/eaai-aaaith. N iei aianoa
iaaethaeaee oaeio?aieoaee e ae?ocuey.
?iaii a 11 /ania, ia oaeeaeaiea iaoeice, ieii ioaey iaaeeaiii i?iaoaea
no?aiiay i?ioeanney: ni?ie iyoue iiuiuo a?ociaeeia, ?aiaa
i?eiaaeeaaeaaoeo iaoee, a ia ieo aii?oaeaiiua aei coaia iieeoeaeneea.
Io yoie ea?oeiu “ei?ieue *eeaai” i?eoae a aaoainoai e ia/ae e?ooeoue ana
aie?oa, i?e yoii ii e?e/ae, /oi oaueao Yeeioa Ianna eae niaaeo.
Iaeiaei Iann inoaeny aeeoue. E ia “aieia ia?aia” ?aoeea aeaeueiaeooth
noaeueao Eaiiia, a oeoay e e?iiioeeaay ?aaioa O?yiea Aeae. Aeeueniia,
aaaioa iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey. Yoio n aeaeo ie/ai ia i?eiaoiue /aeiaae,
niaoeeaeueii iineaiiue a *eeaai aeey ?anneaaeiaaiey “aeaea Eaiiia'”,
neo/aeii caaeaaeae aooaaeoa?neeie eieaaie eai?iiai eiia “Oei”,
i?aaei?eyoey n aiaeiaui iai?ioii 3 iei. aeiee. A oa/aiea ianeieueeeo
ianyoeaa Aeeuenii eco/ae ii/a?ee a eieaao, nee/ae eo n ia?acoeaie
ii/a?eia nioai /eeaaneeo aaianoa?ia. Iaeiiaoe ii onoaiiaee, /oi yoe
eieae aae Eoen Oaioye, iaeei ec aooaaeoa?ia e eo?uea?ia Aeue Eaiiia.
Oaioye aue iinoaaeai neoaeaueie iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey ia?aae aeeeaiiie:
eeai iaiaaeeaiiue a?ano, eeai iieacaiey i?ioea Aeue Eaiiia. Oaioye
aua?ae iineaaeiaa.
Iaeiaei Aeeuenii yoei ia oaeiaeaoai?eeny. Ii i?eeacae iaaethaeaoue ca
iaeei O?yaeii ?ennii, eioi?ue aaeaaeiaaii niae?ae au?o/eo anao eai?iuo
aeiiia e a “Iaeiea?o ayie io *eeaai” iaiaieaae aeaiueae ia /aee. Eiaaea
yoe /aee auee ia?aaeaiu Aeue Eaiiia, aaaio iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey caieioe
iineaaeiaa caaii a oeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa.
16 ethiy 1931 a. Aeue Eaiiia, aai a?ao ?aeueo e 68 ae?oaeo iaoeice e
aaianoa?ia i?aaenoaee i?ae noaeii i?enyaeiuo ii iaaeiaieth a oeeiiaiee
io oieaou iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa. I?ioeann ia/aeny n nainaoeee. Aeue
Eaiiia n?aco niciaeny a 5000 neo/aaa oeeiiaiey io oieaou iaeiaia.
Oai?aoe/anee ii aia?eeaineei caeiiai ca yoi aai iaeeaeaei 25000 eao
oth?aiiiai caeeth/aiey!
Eaaeinoue, n eioi?ie Aeue Eaiiia naeaeae i?eciaiea, ia auea
neo/aeiinoueth, aeooaaiie neaainoueth eee aeoeeae aeaai?acoiey. Yoiio
i?aaeoanoaiaae aeeeoaeueiue e ianoiyoaeueiue oi?a iaaeaeo aeanoyie e
aaeaieaoaie Eaiiia. Aeey iie?uoey caaeieaeaiiinoe ii iaeiaai aaeaieaou
i?aaeeiaeeee 5 iei. aeiee. Oneiaey auee i?eiyou. Caueoieee Eaiiia
i?aaeeiaeeee ion?i/eoue neooaiea aeaea e inaiaiaeeoue aeaaa?y iaoee iiae
caeia. Noae iioae e ia yoi.
30 ethey 1931 a. ninoiyeinue aoi?ia neooaiea aeaea. A?inaeanue a aeaca
oieiaeiay naea?aeaiiinoue noaeuee, aeaoaeueii inoaiiaeaoaainy ia
oiaeaoaenoaa aaeaieaoia. A naiae ?a/e noaeuey, a /anoiinoe, cayaee:
“Iiaenoaeeiue aeieaeai iiiyoue, /oi ia?a iaeacaiey ia iiaeao auoue
ii?aaeaeaia aei ieii/aiey i?ioeanna. N noaeii oi?aiaaoueny iaeuecy!”
Neooaiea aeaea auei ioeiaeaii e ia yoio ?ac. Yoiai auei aeinoaoi/ii,
/oiau Aeue Eaiiia i?aaenoae a niaa?oaiii iiaie ?iee – aaeeeiai aoiaienoa
e oeeaio?iia. NOA auee ioaa/aiu aeoaieei yeiiiie/aneei e?ecenii,
nii?iaiaeaeaaoeiny ianniaie aac?aaioeoeae e ieuaoie. A 1932 a. /enei
aac?aaioiuo aeinoeaei 13,2 iei. /aeiaae. Ii Niaaeeiaiiui Ooaoai
i?ieaoeeenue ianniaua aeaiiino?aoeee aac?aaioiuo.
Aeaaa?ue /eeaaneie iaoee ?aoee i?aaieciaaoue aeey aac?aaioiuo noieiaoth,
a eioi?ie aieiaeathuea iiaee aanieaoii ieoaoueny. Aeue Eaiiia ee/ii
yaeyeny e ?acaea/a ieue, i?eaaoeeai aanaaeiaae, ni/oanoaaiii oeiiae eo
ii iea/o.
“Neo/ae” aeae Eaiiia aua iaeio aiciiaeiinoue i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue
“/aeiaaeiethaea” anae no?aia. Eae ?ac a yoi a?aiy a *eeaai aaianoa?u
iioeoeee aiaaoiai aeaaeaeueoea eiithoai neaeiauo eioaaeae Eei/a.
Ae?ocuey Eei/a iii?ineee Aeue Eaiiia eniieueciaaoue ana naia aeeyiea a
i?anooiiii ie?a, /oiau niaeaenoaiaaoue inaiaiaeaeaieth Eei/a. E, i
/oaei! Nionoy ianeieueei /ania Eei/a niiaa iiaeii auei oaeaeaoue a e?oao
aeeceeo ae?ocae. I?aaaea, yoi oaea aue oieinoie auno?ae. Ii ai?iaeo
iiiiecee neooe, /oi Eaiiia nai i?aaieciaae iioeuaiea Eei/a, /oiau
?acua?aoue ?ieue nianeoaey. Oiaaea aeaaa?ue iaoee ono?iee ooiioth
i?ann-eiioa?aioeeth, ia eioi?ie iauyaee “aieio ia ia aeeciue, a ia
nia?oue anai eeaeiyiia?ai” e iaooaoii ?uaeae iaae ia/aeueiie noaeueaie
naiae iioeuaiiuo. Yoio niaeoaeeue Aeue Eaiiia ?acua?ae ca iyoue aeiae
aei iineaaeiaai neooaiey aeaea a noaea.
Iaaeaeo oai eaie /eeaaneie iaoee ia neaeaee aac aeaea. N i?oaeeai a
?oeao e ia/eaie noiaeieea?iauo aaieiio a ea?iaiao iie iinaoeee aieaa
nioie ethaeae, n?aaee ieo aeaaiaaeoeaoue i?enyaeiuo canaaeaoaeae
i?ioeanna iaae Eaiiia. Iaeiaei n/anouea ioaa?ioeinue io “aaeeeiai
Eaiiia”: aoeaaeueii a iineaaeithth ieiooo auee iacia/aiu iiaua
i?enyaeiua canaaeaoaee.
6 ieoya?y ia/aeinue iineaaeiaa neooaiea aeaea, eioi?ia i?iaeieaeaeinue
aeaaiaaeoeaoue aeiae, a aua /a?ac iaaeaeth aue iauyaeai i?eaiai?: ca
nie?uoea aeioiaeia a ia?eiae n 1925 ii 1929 aa. 11 eao oth?ueiu, 50 oun.
aeiee. oo?aoa, eiiiainaoeey noaeaaiuo ecaea?aeae, eioi?ua, iaaeaeo
i?i/ei, ninoaaeyee 30 oun. aeiee.
I?e iauyaeaiee i?eaiai?a Eaiiia aue niaa?oaiii iiaeaaeai. Iai?anii aai
aaeaieaou iuoaeenue aeiaeoueny ion?i/ee i?eaaaeaiey i?eaiai?a a
aeaenoaea. Eaiiia aue ioi?aaeai a oth?ueio a Aoeaioa.
17 iiya?y 1939 a. ia ioauaoee iieiinoueth n?iea caeeth/aiey Eaiiia aue
auiouai ia naiaiaeo: oth?aiiua a?a/e iaia?oaeeee o iaai iaecea/eioth
oi?io neoeeena. Eae i?aaeiieaaatho, o iaai aua inoaaaeinue ieiei 5 iei.
aeiee. Iinea inaiaiaeaeaiey ii oaeaeeeny ia oeea?ioth aeeeo a Iaeaie, ai
Oei?eaea. Oai 25 yiaa?y 1947 a. a aic?anoa 48 eao Aeue Eaiiia ie?ii
ii/ee.
Eniieuecoaiay eeoa?aoo?a:
1.Iiiueeai E., Neaiiiee X. Eoi ia iie/eo, oio aeieaeai oia?aoue. – I.:
Iuneue, 1982
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