1944 a. noae aiaeii iieiiai inaiaiaeaeaiey oa??eoi?ee NNN?. A oa/aiea
ceiieo e aanaiieo ianooiaoaeueiuo iia?aoeee E?aniie A?iee auea
iieiinoueth niyoa aeieaaea Eaieia?aaea, ie?oaeaia e ieaiaia
ei?noiue-oaa/aieianeay a?oiie?iaea i?ioeaieea, inaiaiaeaeai E?ui e
aieueoay /anoue Oe?aeiu.
26 ia?oa aienea 2-ai Oe?aeineiai o?iioa iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai ia?oaea E.N.
Eiiaaa ia?auie auoee ia ainoaea?noaaiioth a?aieoeo NNN? n ?oiuieae. A
o?aoueth aiaeiaueio iaiaaeaiey oaoenoneie Aa?iaiee ia Niaaoneoth no?aio
ia/aeanue a?aiaeeiciay Aaei?onneay ianooiaoaeueiay iia?aoeey,
caaa?oeaoayny inaiaiaeaeaieai io iaiaoeeie ieeoiaoeee cia/eoaeueiie
/anoe niaaoneie caiee. Inaiueth 1944 a. ainoaea?noaaiiay a?aieoea NNN?
auea ainnoaiiaeaia ia anai aa i?ioyaeaiee. Iiae oaea?aie E?aniie A?iee
oaoenoneee aeie ?acaaeeeny.
Niaaoneia i?aaeoaeuenoai ioeoeeaeueii cayaeei, /oi anooieaiea E?aniie
A?iee ia oa??eoi?eth ae?oaeo no?ai aucaaii iaiaoiaeeiinoueth iieiiai
?aca?iia aii?oaeaiiuo nee Aa?iaiee e ia i?aneaaeoao oeaee eciaieoue
iieeoe/aneia ono?ienoai yoeo ainoaea?noa eee ia?ooeoue oa??eoi?eaeueioth
oeaeinoiinoue. Niaaoneei aieneai i?eoeinue n?aaeaoueny ia oa??eoi?ee
iiiaeo no?ai Aa?iiu, caoaa/aiiuo iaioeaie, – io Ii?aaaee aei Aano?ee.
Aieueoa anaai (600 ouny/) niaaoneeo nieaeao e ioeoea?ia iiaeaei e
iioi?iiaii ia oa??eoi?ee nia?aiaiiie Iieueoe, aieaa 140 ouny/ – a *aoee
e Neiaaeee, 26 ouny/ – a Aano?ee.
Auoiae oe?ieei o?iioii E?aniie A?iee a Oeaio?aeueioth e THai-Ainoi/ioth
Aa?iio n?aco iinoaaee aii?in i aeaeueiaeoeo acaeiiioiioaieyo no?ai yoiai
?aaeiia n NNN?. Iaeaioia e a oiaea n?aaeaiee ca yoio iaoe?iue e
aeeciaiii aaaeiue ?aaeii NNN? noae ioe?uoi iiaeaea?aeeaaoue i?iniaaonee
iano?iaiiuo iieeoeeia yoeo no?ai – a iniiaiii, ec /enea eiiioienoia.
Iaeiia?aiaiii Niaaoneia ?oeiaiaenoai aeiaeaaeinue io NOA e Aiaeee
i?eciaiey naieo iniauo eioa?ania a yoie /anoe Aa?iiu. O/eouaay oaeo
i?enoonoaey oai niaaoneeo aiene, *a?/eeeue a 1944 aiaeo niaeaneeny n
aeeth/aieai anao aaeeaineeo no?ai, e?iia A?aoeee, a noa?o aeeyiey NNN?.
A 1944 aiaeo Noaeei aeiaeeny nicaeaiey i?iniaaoneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa
Iieueoe, ia?aeeaeueiiai yiea?aioneiio i?aaeoaeuenoao a Eiiaeiia. Ec anao
yoeo no?ai oieueei a THaineaaee niaaoneea aienea iieo/eee iiuioth
iiaeaea?aeeo io ia?oecaineie a?iee Eineia A?ic Oeoi. Niaianoii n
ia?oecaiaie 20 ieoya?y 1944 a. E?aniay a?iey inaiaiaeeea io a?aaa
Aaea?aae.
Aianoa n niaaoneeie aieneaie a inaiaiaeaeaiee naieo no?ai i?eiyee
o/anoea /aoineiaaoeeee ei?ion, aieaa?neay a?iey,
Ia?iaeii-inaiaiaeeoaeueiay a?iey THaineaaee, 1-y e 2-y a?iee Aienea
Iieueneiai, ianeieueei ?oiuineeo /anoae e niaaeeiaiee. Eaoii 1944 a.
oe?ieee caaiai? – io eiiioienoia aei iiia?oenoia – aiciee n yoie
oeaeueth a ?oiuiee. A yoi a?aiy E?aniay a?iey oaea aaea aie ia ?oiuineie
oa??eoi?ee. 23 aaaonoa a Aooa?anoa i?iecio?e aeai?oeiaue ia?aai?io. Ia
neaaeothuee aeaiue iiaia i?aaeoaeuenoai iauyaeei aieio Aa?iaiee.
31 aaaonoa niaaoneea aienea anooieee a Aooa?ano. ?oiuineea a?iee
aeeeenue a ninoaa niaaoneeo o?iioia. Ei?ieue Ieoae iicaeiaa aeaaea
iieo/ee io Iineau i?aeai “Iiaaaea” (oioy aei oiai aai a?iey e aiaaaea
i?ioea NNN?). Oiaaea aea ia aeinoaoi/ii ii/?oiuo oneiaeyo noiaea aueoe
ec aieiu Oeieyiaeey, iiaeienaaoay ia?aie?ea 19 naioya?y 1944 a.
A oa/aiea anae aieiu Aieaa?ey auea nithcieeii Aa?iaiee e aiaaaea i?ioea
Aiaeee e NOA, ii Niaaoneiio Nithco iia aieio ia iauyaeyea. 5 naioya?y
1944a. Niaaoneia i?aaeoaeuenoai iauyaeei aieio Aieaa?ee, ioaeaa i?eeac
ia/aoue ianooieaiea, iaeiaei iaeia ec iaoioiuo aeeaecee aieaa?neie
a?iee, iino?ieaoenue o aei?iae, ano?aoeea iaoe /anoe n ?aca??ioouie
e?aniuie ciai?iaie e oi?aeanoaaiiie iocueie. *a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy oaeea
aea niauoey i?iecioee e ia ae?oaeo iai?aaeaieyo. Ia/aeinue noeoeeiia
a?aoaiea niaaoneeo aieiia n aieaa?neei ia?iaeii. A ii/ue ia 9 naioya?y a
Aieaa?ee i?iecio?e aane?iaiue ia?aai?io. E aeanoe a Nioee i?eoei iiaia
i?aaeoaeuenoai, iaoiaeeaoaany iiae neeueiui aeeyieai eiiioienoia.
Aieaa?ey iauyaeea aieio Aa?iaiee.
A eiioea aaaonoa 1944 a. a Neiaaeee aniuoioei ia?iaeiia aioeoaoenoneia
ainnoaiea e ia iiiiuue aio auee aeaeioou /anoe 1-ai Oe?aeineiai o?iioa,
a ninoaaa eioi?uo n?aaeaeny 1-e a?iaeneee /aoineiaaoeeee ei?ion iiae
eiiaiaeiaaieai aaia?aea E. Naiaiaeu. Ia/aeenue oii?iua aie a ?aeiia
Ea?iaoneeo ai?. 6 ieoya?y niaaoneea e /aoineiaaoeeea aienea anooieee ia
caieth *aoineiaaeee a ?aeiia Aeoeeeineiai ia?aaaea. Yoio aeaiue
ioia/aaony iuia eae Aeaiue *aoineiaaoeeie Ia?iaeiie A?iee.
E?iaii?ieeoiua aie aeeeeenue aei eiioea ieoya?y. Niaaoneei aieneai ia
oaeaeinue iieiinoueth i?aiaeieaoue Ea?iaou e niaaeeieoueny n
ainnoaaoeie. Ii iinoaiaiii inaiaiaeaeaiea Ainoi/iie Neiaaeee
i?iaeieaeaeinue. A iai o/anoaiaaee e iianoaioeu, ooaaeoea a ai?u e
noaaoea ia?oecaiaie, e a?aaeaeaineia ianaeaiea. Niaaoneia eiiaiaeiaaiea
iiiiaaei ei ethaeueie, i?oaeeai e aiai?eianaie.
E ieoya?th 1944 a. o Aa?iaiee inoaaaeny aaeeinoaaiiue nithciee a Aa?iia
– Aaia?ey. 15 ieoya?y aa?oiaiue i?aaeoaeue no?aiu Ieeeio Oi?oe oiaea
iiiuoaeny auaanoe a? ec aieiu, ii aaconiaoii. Ii aue a?anoiaai iaioeaie.
Iinea yoiai Aaia?ee i?eoeinue aiaaaoue aei eiioea. Oii?iua aie oee ca
Aoaeaiaoo. Niaaoneea aienea noiaee acyoue aai eeoue n o?aoueae iiiuoee
13 oaa?aey 1945 a. A iineaaeiea n?aaeaiey a Aaia?ee caeii/eeenue oieueei
a ai?aea. A oaa?aea auea ?aca?iieaia aoaeaiaooneay a?oiie?iaea iaioeaa.
A ?aeiia ica?a Aaeaoii (Aaia?ey) i?ioeaiee i?aaei?eiye iineaaeithth
iiiuoeo ia?aeoe a ianooieaiea, ii aue ?aca?iieai. A ai?aea niaaoneea
aienea inaiaiaeeee noieeoeo Aano?ee Aaio, a a Ainoi/iie I?onnee
iaeaaeaee ai?iaeii Eaieanaa?a.
?aaeei iaiaoeeie ieeoiaoeee a Iieueoa aue i/aiue no?iaui: ca a?aiy aieiu
ec 35 ieeeeiiia aeeoaeae iiaeaei 6 ieeeeiiia /aeiaae.Oai ia iaiaa n
ia/aea aieiu caeanue aeaenoaiaaei aeaeaeaiea Nii?ioeaeaiey, iieo/eaoaa
iacaaiea “A?iey E?aeiaa” (“Ioa/anoaaiiay a?iey”). Iii iiaeaea?aeeaaei
iieueneia i?aaeoaeuenoai a ecaiaiee. 20 ethey 1944 a. ia oa??eoi?eth
Iieueoe anooieee niaaoneea aienea. Iaiaaeeaiii auei nicaeaii a?aiaiiia
i?aaeoaeuenoai no?aiu, ?oeiaiaeeiia eiiioienoaie, – Eiieoao
iaoeeiiaeueiiai inaiaiaeaeaiey. Aio iiae/eiyeanue A?iey Ethaeiaa
(“Ia?iaeiay a?iey”). Aianoa n niaaoneeie aieneaie e /anoyie A?iee
Ethaeiaie Eiieoao aeaeaaeny e Aa?oaaa. A?iey E?aeiaa ?aoeoaeueii
aunooiaea i?ioea i?eoiaea e aeanoe yoiai eiieoaoa. Iiyoiio iia
iiiuoaeanue inaiaiaeeoue Aa?oaao io iaioeaa nianoaaiiuie neeaie. 1
aaaonoa a ai?iaea aniuoioei ainnoaiea, a eioi?ii o/anoaiaaea aieueoay
/anoue aeeoaeae iieueneie noieeoeu. Niaaoneia ?oeiaiaenoai ioianeinue e
ainnoaieth ?acei io?eoeaoaeueii. E. Noaeei ienae O. *a?/eeeth 16
aaaonoa: “Aa?oaaneay aeoeey i?aaenoaaeyao aac?annoaeioth oaeanioth
aaaioth?o, noiyuoth ianaeaieth aieueoeo aea?oa. I?e nicaeaaoainy
iieiaeaiee niaaoneia eiiaiaeiaaiea i?eoei e auaiaeo, /oi iii aeieaeii
ioiaaeaaaoueny io aa?oaaneie aaaioth?u, oae eae iii ia iiaeao ianoe ie
i?yiie, ie einaaiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca aa?oaaneoth aeoeeth”. Ia
iiaeaea?aeaa iianoaioeaa, niaaoneia ?oeiaiaenoai ioeacaeinue na?anuaaoue
ei i?oaeea e i?iaeiaieuenoaea n naiie?oia.
13 naioya?y niaaoneea aienea auoee e Aa?oaaa e inoaiiaeeenue ia ae?oaii
aa?aao Aeneu. Ionthaea iie iiaee iaaethaeaoue, eae iaioeu aaniiuaaeii
?ani?aaeythony n ainnoaaoeie. Oaia?ue ei ia/aee ieacuaaoue iiiiuue,
na?anuaay n niaaoneeo naiie?oia ana iaiaoiaeeiia. Ii ainnoaiea oaea
oaanaei. Ai a?aiy aai iiaeaaeaiey auei oaeoi ieiei 18 ouny/ iianoaioeaa
e 200 ouny/ ie?iuo aa?oaayi. 2 ieoya?y ?oeiaiaeeoaee Aa?oaaneiai
ainnoaiey i?eiyee ?aoaiea i eaieooeyoeee. A ea/anoaa iaeacaiey iaioeu
ii/oe iieiinoueth oie/oiaeeee Aa?oaao. AEeeua aeiia auee niaeaeaiu eee
aci?aaiu. Ooeaeaaoea aeeoaee iieeioee ai?iae.
E ia/aeo 1945 a. a ninoaaa niaaoneeo aeaenoaothueo aiene auei aaeaia
aieueoa nieaeao, /ai o i?ioeainoiyuaai i?ioeaieea, ao?ia aieueoa oaieia
e naiioiaeiuo onoaiiaie, a /aou?a ?aca aieueoa i?oaeee e ieiiiaoia,
ii/oe a ainaiue ?ac aieueoa aiaauo naiieaoia. Iaoa aaeaoeey
aac?acaeaeueii ainiiaenoaiaaea a aicaeooa. Aie i aie n E?aniie A?ieae
n?aaeaeenue ii/oe iieieeeeiia nieaeao e ioeoea?ia aa nithcieeia. Ana yoi
iicaieyei niaaoneiio eiiaiaeiaaieth ?acaa?iooue iaeiia?aiaiii
ianooieaiea ia anai o?iioa e iaiineoue oaea?u ii a?aao oai, aaea yoi
auei oaeiaii iai, e oiaaea, eiaaea yoi auei auaiaeii aeey ian.
E ceiiaio ianooieaieth i?eaeaeaeenue aienea naie o?iioia – o?ao
Aaei?onneeo e /aou?ao Oe?aeineeo. Aienea 1-ai e 2-ai I?eaaeoeeneeo
o?iioia i?iaeieaeaee aeiee?iaaoue n nooe a?oiie?iaeo a?aaa a Eo?eyiaeee.
Aaeoeeneee oeio iiiiaae nooiiooiui aieneai i?iaeaeaaoueny aaeieue
iiaa?aaeuey, a Naaa?iue oeio iaania/eaae ia?aaicee /a?ac Aa?aioeaai
ii?a. Ia/aoue ianooieaiea iaia/aeinue ai aoi?ie iieiaeia yiaa?y.
Ii niaaoneia eiiaiaeiaaiea auei auioaeaeaii aianoe iii?aaeo a naie ieai,
e aio ii/aio. A na?aaeeia aeaeaa?y 1944 a. aeoea?iaoeu aiacaiii iaiaee
ia aia?eeaineea e aiaeeeneea aienea a A?aeaiiao, ia a?aieoea Aaeueaee e
O?aioeee, e ioa?ineee nithciua aienea ia 100 ei ia caiaae, ii
iai?aaeaieth e ii?th. Iniaaiii aieaciaiii ia?aaeeaaee yoi ii?aaeaiea
aiaee/aia – ianoaiiaea iaiiieiaea ei o?aae/aneea aeie ethiy 1940 a.,
eiaaea eo aienea auee i?eaeaou e ii?th a ?aeiia Aethiea?ea. 6 yiaa?y
*a?/eeeue ia?aoeeny e Aa?oiaiiio Aeaaiieiiaiaeothuaio Niaaoneeie
Aii?oaeaiiuie Neeaie E. A. Noaeeio n i?inueaie onei?eoue ia?aoiae
E?aniie A?iee a ianooieaiea, /oiau iaeaa/eoue iieiaeaiea
aiaei-aia?eeaineeo aiene. Yoa i?inueaa auea oaeiaeaoai?aia, e E?aniay
A?iey, ianiio?y ia iacaaa?oaiiinoue iiaeaioiaee, 12 yiaa?y 1945 a.
ia?aoea a iauaa ianooieaiea io aa?aaia Aaeoeee aei thaeiuo io?iaia
Ea?iao. Yoi auei naiia e?oiiia e naiia iiuiia ianooieaiea ca anth aieio.
Aeaaiue oaea? iaiineee aienea 1-ai Aaei?onneiai e 1-ai Oe?aeineiai
o?iioia, ianooiaaoea io Aeneu, thaeiaa Aa?oaau, e aeaeaaaoeany ia
caiaae, e a?aieoeai Aa?iaiee. Yoeie o?iioaie eiiaiaeiaaee Ia?oaeu
Niaaoneiai Nithca A. E. AEoeia e E.N. Eiiaa. A ninoaaa yoeo o?iioia
ian/eouaaeinue 2 iei. 200 oun. nieaeao e ioeoea?ia, aieaa 32 oun.
i?oaeee e ieiiiaoia, ieiei 6500 oaieia e naiioiaeiuo a?oeeea?eeneeo
onoaiiaie, ieiei 5 oun. aiaauo naiieaoia. Iie auno?i neiieee
nii?ioeaeaiea iaioeaa, iieiinoueth oie/oiaeeee 35 aeeaecee a?aaa. 25
aeeaecee i?ioeaieea iioa?yee io 50 aei 70% naiaai ninoaaa.
23 aeiy i?iaeieaeaeinue iai?a?uaiia ianooieaiea ia caiaae. 500 – 600 ei
i?ioee n aiyie niaaoneea aieiu. 3 oaa?aey iie iaoiaeeeenue oaea ia
aa?aao Iaea?a. Ia?aae ieie eaaeaea caiey Aa?iaiee, ioeoaea i?eoei e iai
aaaenoaea aieiu. 17 yiaa?y niaaoneea aienea aioee a iieueneoth noieeoeo.
Ai?iae, i?aa?au?iiue a ?oeiu, auaeyaeae niaa?oaiii i??oaui. A oiaea
Aenei-Iaea?neie iia?aoeee (oaa?aeue 1945 a.) io oaoenoneeo ieeoiaioia
auea iieiinoueth i/euaia oa??eoi?ey Iieueoe, Aenei-Iaea?neay iia?aoeey
nianea io ?aca?iia aienea nithcieeia a A?aeaiiao, aaea aia?eeaioeu
iioa?yee 40 oun. /aeiaae.
Niaaoneia eiiaiaeiaaiea i?aaeeiaeeei ono?ieoue ia?aaiai?u n iiaeiieueiui
?oeiaiaenoaii A?iee E?aeiaie. Iaeiaei ia ia?aie aea ano?a/a a? aeaaa
aaia?ae E. Ieoeeoeeee aue a?anoiaai. A ethia 1945 a. a Iineaa i?io?e
ioe?uoue noae iaae ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie A?iee E?aeiaie. Eae e ia i?aaeieo
ioe?uouo i?ioeannao a Iineaa, iiaenoaeeiua i?eciaaaee naith aeio e
?aneaeaaeenue a “aioeniaaoneie aeayoaeueiinoe”. 12 ec ieo inoaeeee e
eeoaieth naiaiaeu.
A na?aaeeia yiaa?y a Ainoi/iie I?onnee ?acaa?ioeinue ia iaiaa iiuiia
ianooieaiea aiene 3-ai e 2-ai Aaei?onneeo o?iioia iiae eiiaiaeiaaieai
aaia?aea a?iee E.Ae. *a?iyoianeiai e Ia?oaea Niaaoneiai Nithca E. E.
?ieinnianeiai. Ainoi/ioth I?onneth – aiacaei i?onneeo iiiaueeia e
aiaiueiu – aeoea?iaoeu i?aa?aoeee a nieioiie oe?aieaiiue ?aeii n
i?i/iuie aeaeaciaaoiiiuie iai?iieoaeueiuie nii?oaeaieyie. I?ioeaiee
i?aaieciauaae iai?iio naieo ai?iaeia caaeaaia?aiaiii. Iiaenooiu e iei ii
i?ee?uaae oi?oeoeeaoeeiiiuie nii?oaeaieyie (i?eniinaaeeaay noa?ua oi?ou,
no?iee aeiou, aeciou, o?aioae e o. ae.), a aioo?e ai?iaeia e iai?iia
auee i?eniiniaeaiu aieueoeinoai caeaiee, a oii /enea caaiaeneea. Iiiaea
caeaiey eiaee e?oaiaie iaci?, ae?oaea oeaiee?iaaee iiaenooiu e iei. A
?acoeueoaoa /aai auei nicaeaii iiiai i?i/iuo iii?iuo ioieoia e oceia
nii?ioeaeaiey, oneeaiiuo aa??eeaaeaie, o?aioayie, eiaooeaie. Anee
aeiaaaeoue e neacaiiiio, /oi noaiu iaeioi?uo caeaiee ia i?iaeaaeenue
aeaaea 76-ii nia?yaeaie aeeaeceiiiuo iooae CEN-3, oi noaiao ynii, /oi
iaioeu eiaee aiciiaeiinoue ieacuaaoue aeeeoaeueiia e oii?iia
nii?ioeaeaiea iaoei ianooiathuei aieneai.
Oaeoeea i?ioeaieea a ai?iaeneii aith naiaeeeanue e oiio, /oiau i?i/ii
oaea?aeeaaoue iiceoeee (oe?aieaiiua caeaiey, eaa?oaeu, oeeoeu,
ia?aoeee), iaiai aunieie ieioiinoe cao?oaeieoue aeaeaeaiea ianooiathueo
e iauaeoo aoaee, a a neo/aa aai iioa?e eiio?aoaeie ec ninaaeieo aeiiia
ainnoaiiaeoue iieiaeaiea, nicaeaoue iaiaaua iaoee a ?aeiia caoaa/aiiiai
iauaeoa e oai iaianoe ianooiathuaio ii?aaeaiea, ni?aaoue aoaeo. Aa?iecii
caeaiey (eaa?oaea) aue aeinoaoi/ii iiiai/eneai, oae eae a iai?iia
ai?iaea o/anoaiaaee ia oieueei ?aaoey?iua aienea aa?iaooa, ii oaeaea e
io?yaeu iiie/aiey (oieueenooo?ia).
Iaoe aieoeu ianee oyaeaeua iioa?e. 18 oaa?aey ia iiea aiy iae n?aaeaiiue
ineieeii a?aaeaneiai nia?yaea aa?ie Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu,
auaeathueeny iieeiaiaeaoe, eiiaiaeothuee 3-i Aaei?onneei o?iioii aaia?ae
a?iee E. Ae. *a?iyoianeee. Oaa ca oaaii, naeeiay eieueoei aie?oa
ie?oaeaiiie iaiaoeeie a?oiie?iaee, iaoe /anoe ca o?e ianyoea aiaa
i/enoeee io a?aaa anth Ainoi/ioth I?onneth. Ooo?i Eaieanaa?aa ia/aeny 7
ai?aey. Yoio ooo?i nii?iaiaeaeaeny aani?aoeaaeaioiie a?oeeea?eeneie e
aaeaoeeiiiie iiaeaea?aeeie, ca i?aaiecaoeeth eioi?ie ia/aeueiee AAN
ia?oae aaeaoeee Iiaeeia iieo/ee Aa?iy Niaaoneiai Nithca. I?eiaiaiea 5000
i?oaeee, aeeth/ay oyaeaeoth a?oeeea?eth eaeea?a 203 e 305 (!) ii, a
oaeaea ieiiiaoia eaeea?a 160 ii, 2500 naiieaoia “…?ac?ooeei oe?aieaiey
e?aiinoe e aeaii?aeeciaaei nieaeao e ioeoea?ia. Auoiaey ia oeeoeo, /oiau
naycaoueny ni ooaaaie /anoae, iu ia ciaee, eoaea eaeoe, niaa?oaiii oa?yy
i?eaioe?iaeo, ianoieueei ?ac?ooaiiue e iueathuee ai?iae eciaiee aeae”
(naeaeaoaeuenoai i/aaeaeoea n iaiaoeeie noi?iiu). 9 ai?aey
eaieooee?iaaea aeaaiay e?aiinoue oaoenoia – ai?iae Eaieanaa?a (iuia
Eaeeieia?aae). Ii/oe 100 oun. iaiaoeeeo nieaeao e ioeoea?ia naeaeenue a
ieai, aeanyoee ouny/ auee oaeou.
A a yoi a?aiy ia thaa niaaonei-aa?iaineiai o?iioa, a ?aeiia
inaiaiaeaeaiiiai niaaoneeie aieneaie 13 oaa?aey 1945 a. Aoaeaiaooa,
aeoea?iaoeu aaconiaoii iuoaeenue caoaaoeoue eieoeeaoeao e iaiaeiie?aoii
iaiineee eiio?oaea?u. 6 ia?oa iie aeaaea ia?aoee a aieueoia
eiio?ianooieaiea iaaeaeo ica?aie Aaeaioea e Aaeaoii, thai-caiaaeiaa
Aoaeaiaooa. Aeoea? i?eeacae ia?aa?ineoue nthaea n caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneiai
o?iioa, ec A?aeaii, e?oiiua oaieiaua neeu. Ii niaaoneea aieiu 3-ai e
2-ai Oe?aeineeo o?iioia, ioaea iaeanoi/aiiua aoaee a?aaa, 16 ia?oa
aiciaiiaeee ianooieaiea, inaiaiaeeee io oaoenoia Aaia?eth, anooieee ia
oa??eoi?eth Aano?ee e 13 ai?aey iaeaaeaee noieeoeae – Aaiie.
A oaa?aea e ia?oa iaoe aienea oaeaea oniaoii ni?aaee iiiuoeo i?ioeaieea
ia?aeoe a eiio?ianooieaiea a Ainoi/iie Iiia?aiee e auaeee aeoea?iaoeaa
ec yoie noa?eiiie iieueneie iaeanoe. N na?aaeeiu ai?aey 1945 a. aienea
4-ai e 2-ai Oe?aeineeo o?iioia ?acaa?ioee caaa?oathuea aie ca
inaiaiaeaeaiea *aoineiaaeee. 30 ai?aey aue inaiaiaeaeai e?oiiue
i?iiuoeaiiue oeaio? *aoineiaaeee – Ii?aanea Ino?aaa. Noieeoea Neiaaeee
A?aoeneaaa auea inaiaiaeaeaia aua 4 ai?aey, ii aei noieeoeu *aoineiaaeee
I?aae auei aua aeaeaei. Iaaeaeo oai 5 iay a ieeoie?iaaiiie oaoenoaie
I?aaa ia/aeinue aii?oaeaiiia ainnoaiea aeeoaeae ai?iaea.
Aeoea?iaoeu aioiaeeenue iioiieoue ainnoaiea a e?iae. Ainnoaaoea
ia?aoeeenue ii ?aaeei e nithciui aieneai n i?ecuaii i iiiiue. Niaaoneia
eiiaiaeiaaiea ioeeeeioeinue ia yoio i?ecua. Aeaa oaieiaua a?iee 1-ai
Oe?aeineiai o?iioa i?iaeaeaee a oa/aiea o?ao nooie aani?eia?iue
o?aonioeeeiiao?iaue ia?o io i?aaeianoee Aa?eeia e I?aaa. 9 iay iie
anooieee a noieeoeo a?aoneiai ia?iaea e iiiiaee nianoe aa io ?ac?ooaiey.
A ianooieaiea, ?acaa?ioaoaany io Ae?acaeaia aei Aeoiay, aeeth/eeenue ana
aienea 1, 4 e 2-ai Oe?aeineeo o?iioia. Oaoenoneea caoaao/eee auee
iieiinoueth ecaiaiu ec *aoineiaaeee.
16 ai?aey ia/aeanue Aa?eeineay iia?aoeey, caaa?oeaoayny /a?ac aeaa
iaaeaee aiae?oaeaieai e?aniiai ciaiaie iaae iiaa?aeaiiui ?aeonoaaii.
Iinea acyoey Aa?eeia aienea 1-ai Oe?aeineiai o?iioa niaa?oeee
no?aieoaeueiue ia?o ia iiiiuue ainnoaaoae I?aaa e oo?ii 9 iay anooieee
ia oeeoeu /aoineiaaoeeie noieeoeu. A ii/ue n 8 ia 9 iay 1945 a. a
aa?eeineii i?eai?iaea Ea?enoi?no i?aaenoaaeoaee iaiaoeeiai eiiaiaeiaaiey
iiaeienaee aeo i aaciaiai?i/iie eaieooeyoeee anao aii?oaeaiiuo nee
Aa?iaiee. Aieia a Aa?iia caeii/eeanue.
Ei?aiiie ia?aeii a oiaea Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu a ?acoeueoaoa
aiaauo iia?aoeee E?aniie A?iee aucaae iiuiue iiaeuai aioeoaoenoneiai e
iaoeeiiaeueii-inaiaiaeeoaeueiiai aeaeaeaiey a ieeoie?iaaiiuo no?aiao,
eioi?ia ?acaeaaeinue n ia?auo aeiae ie?iaie aieiu e iieo/eei iacaaiea
Nii?ioeaeaiey. Iii auei iaecaaaeiie ?aaeoeeae ianaeaiey ieeoie?iaaiiuo
no?ai ia ii?yaeie, onoaiiaeaiiue Aa?iaieae, Eoaeeae e ssiiieae.
Iieiaeaiea caoaa/aiiuo eie no?ai auei ?acee/iui – iacaaeneiinoue iaeieo
i?inoi oie/oiaeaeanue, a ae?oaeo auee onoaiiaeaiu ?aaeeiu, aeoaee?othuea
ainoaea?noaaiiue no?ie Aa?iaiee (Neiaaeey, Oi?aaoey). Ii niune “iiaiai
ii?yaeea” aue aacaea iaeei: eeeaeaeaoeey iacaaeneiinoe e noaa?aieoaoa,
anao aeaiie?aoe/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo caaiaaaiee, aacoaea?aeiay
yeiiiie/aneay yenieoaoaoeey e i?iecaie ieeoiaioia. E yoiio ioaeii
aeiaaaeoue e aeaenoaey iaiaoeeeo ieeoiaoeeiiiuo aeanoae ii
inouanoaeaieth ?aniaie iieeoeee oie/oiaeaiey “iaiieiioeaiiuo” ia?iaeia.
Ii anae oa??eoi?ee Aa?iiu auee ?aca?inaiu eiioeaio?aoeeiiiua eaaa?y,
naiuie e?oiiuie ec eioi?uo auee Inaaioeei, Iaeaeaiae, O?aaeeiea, Aeaoao,
Aooaiaaeueae, Caenaioaocai, ?aaaina?the, Iaoooaocai. A ieo oiieeenue
aiaiiiieaiiua, o/anoieee aeaeaeaiey Nii?ioeaeaiey, ethaee, iauyaeaiiua
?aniai iaiieiioeaiiuie. A iauae neiaeiinoe a eiioeeaaa?yo ieacaeenue 18
ieeeeiiia /aeiaae, 12 ec eioi?uo auee oia?uaeaiu. Ieeeeiiu aeeoaeae
Aa?iiu auee ianeeuenoaaiii oaiaiu ia ?aaioo a Aa?iaieth. Aeey
oaea?aeaiey ianaeaiey a iiei?iinoe oe?iei eniieueciaaeanue nenoaia
caeiaeie/anoaa e ianniauo ?ani?aa iaae ie?iui ianaeaieai. Neiaieaie yoie
iieeoeee auei iieiia oie/oiaeaiea aeeoaeae aea?aaaiue I?aaeo? ai
O?aioeee, Eeaeeoea a *aoineiaaeee, Oaouiue a Aaei?onnee. Ia oa??eoi?eyo,
ianaeaiiuo neaayineeie ia?iaeaie, iaoeenou nicaeaaaee oneiaey aeey
iinoaiaiiiai eo au?iaeaeaiey e aeaaee. Naie yoe oa??eoi?ee aeieaeiu auee
canaeyoueny a?eeoeaie. Yoi auea iieeoeea aaiioeeaea.
Oi?iu nii?ioeaeaiey auee ?acee/iu. A iaeieo neo/ayo, yoi aue nai? e
ia?aaea/a nithcieeai oeaiiie eioi?iaoeee. A ae?oaeo – naaioaae, n?ua
aiaiiuo iinoaaie, ia?ooaiea ?eoia aiaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, aeeaa?nee. A
yoe aea aiaeu noaee nicaeaaaoueny e ia?aua ia?oecaineea io?yaeu a
Iieueoa, THaineaaee, Aeaaiee, A?aoeee. Iaeiei ec ia?auo aeoia
aa?iiaeneiai nii?ioeaeaiey noaei ainnoaiea a aa?oaaneii aaooi a 1943
aiaeo. Ii/oe ianyoe ieioi aii?oaeaiiua iaeoaoaee aa?aeneiai aaooi,
ia?a/aiiua ia oie/oiaeaiea, aaee aa?ie/aneea n?aaeaiey n iaiaoeeeie
aieneaie. Noaee oi?ie?iaaoueny iauea ?oeiaiaeyuea i?aaiu aeaeaeaiey
Nii?ioeaeaiey. Oae ai O?aioeee iii iauaaeeieeinue iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii
aaia?aea Oa?ey aea Aieey.
Aeaeaeaiea Nii?ioeaeaiey i?eia?aei ianniaue oa?aeoa?, a aai ?yaeao auee
i?aaenoaaeoaee ?aciuo neiaa ianaeaiey. Aeoeaioth ?ieue a Nii?ioeaeaiee
ea?aee eiiioienou. Eiaiii iie, eae i?aaeei, noaiiaeeenue i?aaiecaoi?aie
ia?oecaineeo io?yaeia, nicaeaaaee a oaoenoneii oueo inaiaiaeaeaiiua
?aeiiu, a eioi?uo aeanoue i?eiaaeeaaeaea ia?iaeii-aeaiie?aoe/aneei
niaaoai eee eiieoaoai. Aaoi?eoao eiiioienoe/aneeo ia?oee a oneiaeyo
ai?ueau n oaoeciii au?in, oaaee/eeanue eo /eneaiiinoue.
Eiiia?oee aeaenoaiaaee naiinoiyoaeueii, oae eae Eiieioa?i aue ?aniouai.
Eiiioienou, aeoeaii ai?iaoeany n oaoeciii, o/anoaiaaee a ?oeiaiaenoaa
aeaeaeaieai nii?ioeaeaiey, ia?aee aaoi?eoao e i?aoaiaeiaaee ia aeanoue
eee, ii e?aeiae ia?a, ia o/anoea a i?aaeoaeuenoaa ai iiiaeo no?aiao.
Oae, a inaiaiaeaeaiiie /anoe Eoaeee a i?aaeoaeuenoai aioee
i?aaenoaaeoaee anao aioeoaoenoneeo ia?oee, a oii /enea aeaa eiiioienoa.
Ia oa??eoi?eyo, eioi?ua inaiaiaeaeaeenue aiaei-aia?eeaineeie aieneaie,
caiaaeiua no?aiu iiaeaea?aeeaaee eeaa?aeueiua ia?oee e a?oiie?iaee e
no?aieeenue anaie n?aaenoaaie iooanieoue eiiioienoia io aeanoe. Iie
ni?aaaaeeeai aeaeaee a eiiioienoao, ianiio?y ia eo ai?ueao n oaoeciii,
?ac?ooeoaeueioth neeo aeey caiaaeiie oeeaeeecaoeee, aaaeue eiiioienou
noaaeee oeaeueth naiae aeayoaeueiinoe aa oie/oiaeaiea. A no?aiao,
eioi?ua inaiaiaeaeaeenue Niaaoneie A?ieae, ieacuaaeanue iiaeaea?aeea
eiiioienoe/aneei neeai. I?e iiaeaea?aeea NNN?, a oii /enea aiaiiie, a
no?aiao Ainoi/iie e THai-Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu e aeanoe i?eoee i?aaeoaeuenoaa
aioeoaoenoneeo nee, a eioi?uo eiiioienou ea?aee aeaeioth, a /anoi
?aoathuoth ?ieue.
A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai O?aioeee no?aieeinue ainnoaiiaeoue iieiaeaiea
no?aiu eae aaeeeie aea?aeaau. O?aioeey aeeth/eeanue a ai?ueao n
oaoenoneei aeieii. Ia niiiaaaynue a iiaaaea iaae Aa?iaieae e ssiiieae,
aaeeeea aea?aeaau, eioi?ua ninoaaeyee yae?i aioeaeoea?ianeie eiaeeoeee e
ianee iniiaioth oyaeanoue ai?ueau n oaoeciii, ana aieueoa aieiaiey
oaeaeyee i?iaeaiai iineaaiaiiiai ono?ienoaa. Oneeeeanue ?ieue
Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia, yeiiiie/aneee e aiaiiue iioaioeeae eioi?uo
nouanoaaiii au?in ca aiaeu ie?iaie aieiu. NOA caieiaee ia?aia ianoi a
ie?a ii anai yeiiiie/aneei iieacaoaeyi e ?ann/eouaaee ea?aoue
ii?aaeaeythuoth ?ieue a iineaaiaiiii ie?a. A aia?eeaineii iauanoaa
?ani?ino?aieeenue eaeae eeanniaiai, nio?oaeie/anoaa, i?aia?aciaaiey
iauanoaa eneeth/eoaeueii iooai ?aoi?i.
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