Iiiiaa Eaoy. a.Oneine , ?.Eiie (9eeann)
A?AE*AAA Aeaenae Aiae?aaae/ (1769-1834), ?inneeneee ainoaea?noaaiiue e
aiaiiue aeayoaeue, a?ao (1799), aaia?ae io a?oeeea?ee (1807). N 1808-10
aiaiiue ieieno?, i?iaae ?ai?aaiecaoeeth a?oeeea?ee; n 1810
i?aaenaaeaoaeue Aeaia?oaiaioa aiaiiuo aeae Ainoaea?noaaiiiai niaaoa. A
1815-25 iaeaieaa aeiaa?aiiia eeoei eiia?aoi?a Aeaenaiae?a I, inouanoaeye
aai aioo?aiithth iieeoeeo; i?aaiecaoi? e aeaaiue ia/aeueiee aiaiiuo
iinaeaiee.
* * *
A?AE*AAA Aeaenae Aiae?aaae/ [23 naioya?y (4 ieoya?y) 1769, Oaa?neay
i?ia. Iiaai?iaeneie aoaa?iee — 21 ai?aey (3 iay) 1834, n. A?oceii
Oeoaeineiai oacaea Iiaai?iaeneie aoaa?iee], ?inneeneee ainoaea?noaaiiue
e aiaiiue aeayoaeue, a?ao (1799).
Ia/aei ea?uea?u
Ec iaaiaaoie aeai?yineie naiuee. N aeaoneeo eao i?eo/aeny e no?iaie
aeenoeeieeia, oii?iiio o?oaeo, aa?aaeeeainoe, no?iaiio niaethaeaieth
?aeeaeiciuo ia?yaeia. A 1783 i?eiyo a Oeyoaoneee a?oeeea?eeneee e
eiaeaia?iue (aiineaaenoaee 2-e Eaaeaoneee) ei?ion, aaea i?iyaee
niiniaiinoe e aiaiii-iaoaiaoe/aneei iaoeai e ii ieii/aiee eioi?iai
(1787) a /eia a?iaeneiai ii?o/eea inoaaeai oai i?aiiaeaaaoaeai
a?eoiaoeee, aaiiao?ee e a?oeeea?eeneiai aeaea. Aaaeae oaeaea ei?ioniie
aeaeeioaeie. A 1788-90 ai a?aiy ?onnei-oaaaeneie aieiu iao/ae ?ae?ooia
a?oeeea?eeneiio aeaeo. A 1790 ii ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aee?aeoi?a ei?iona
iinooiee ?aiaoeoi?ii a naiueth i?aceaeaioa Aiaiiie eieeaaee I. E.
Naeoueiaa, ia aac niaeaenoaey eioi?iai a 1792 i?eiyo a aao/eineea aienea
ianeaaeieea i?anoiea aaeeeiai eiycy Iaaea Iao?iae/a (aoaeouee eiia?aoi?
Iaaae I). Ainiiaenoaiaaaoea oai «i?onneea» i?eioeeiu aiaiiiai ainieoaiey
A?ae/aaa i?aoai?ye a aeeciue n iaei/iui iaaeaioeciii e aani?aaeaeueiie
aeanoieinoueth. Ca ei?ioeee n?ie ii i?eaae aao/eineoth a?oeeea?eth a
ia?acoeiaue ii?yaeie, aue iacia/ai einiaeoi?ii ia oieueei a?oeeea?ee, ii
e iaoiou, noae oi?aaeyoue oicyenoaaiiie /anoueth e oaeoe/anee
aao/eineeie aieneaie. A ethea 1796 aue i?iecaaaeai a /ei iieeiaieea.
Aicauoaiea e iiaea i?e Iaaea I
Aoiaeaeaiea a e?oa «iaeiai aeai?a» noaei ia?aeiiiie aaoie a aeecie
A?ae/aaaa. Naiae eniieieoaeueiinoueth e aacia?iie ee/iie i?aaeaiiinoueth
ii nieneae iaia?aie/aiiia aeiaa?ea Iaaea e n aai aioea?aieai aue
i?iecaaaeai a aaia?ae-iaei?u, iacia/ai eiiaiaeaioii Iaoa?ao?aa.
A?ae/aaao auea iiaeaeiaaia aiaaoay aio/eia a Iiaai?iaeneie aoaa?iee —
aaeeinoaaiiue aea?, i?eiyoue ei a oa/aiea anae neoaeau. A ai?aea 1797
A?ae/aaa aue iacia/ai eiiaiaee?ii eaea-aaa?aeee I?aia?aaeaineiai iieea e
iinoaaeai ai aeaaa naeou eiia?aoi?a n ii?aaeaeaieai
aaia?ae-eaa?oe?iaenoa?ii anae ?onneie a?iee e ia/aeueieeii Aeaaiiai
ooaaa. A yiaa?a 1798 ii aue oaeaea iacia/ai einiaeoi?ii anae ?onneie
a?oeeea?ee. A?ae/aaa iaiaei niinianoaiaae oe?aieaieth aianiiniaiinoe e
iaaaaeaieth ii?yaeea a a?iee, /oi a aieneao, iniaaiii a aaa?aeaeneeo,
nii?iaiaeaeaeinue ianaaeaeaieai iaei/iie iooo?u. I?e aeai?a ii, iaeiaei,
aea?aeaeny io/oaeaeaiii e naith ea?uea?o (eae iicaeiaa e i?e Aeaenaiae?a
I) naycuaae eneeth/eoaeueii n iie?iaeoaeuenoaii eiia?aoi?a. Iaeiaei
aeaaea aio ia oaeaeinue ecaaaeaoue iiaeu. A 1798 A?ae/aaa aue oaeaeai io
neoaeau, a a 1799 oaeoe/anee nineai a naia iiaai?iaeneia eiaiea. Iaaae
I, ca ianeieueei aeiae aei naiae aeaaee caiiaeic?eaoee caaiai?,
iaia?aaaeny aa?iooue A?ae/aaaa a Iaoa?ao?a, /oi, ii iiaieth iaeioi?uo
enoi?eeia, iiaei au i?aaeioa?aoeoue ia?aai?io 11 ia?oa 1801, ii aeaaa
caaiai?ueeia I. A. Iaeai iiiaoae yoiio. Oieueei nionoy aeaa aiaea iinea
anooieaiey ia i?anoie iiaiai eiia?aoi?a Aeaenaiae?a I A?ae/aaa aue
ainnoaiiaeai a aeieaeiinoe einiaeoi?a anae a?oeeea?ee, n /aai ia/aeinue
aai iiaia aicauoaiea.
Iiaia aicauoaiea. ?aoi?iu a a?iee
Eaoii 1807 ii aue i?iecaaaeai a aaia?aeu io a?oeeea?ee, a a aeaeaa?a
oiai aea aiaea aio auei aaeaii ninoiyoue i?e eiia?aoi?a n i?aaii
iauyaeyoue auni/aeoea oeacu ii a?oeeea?ee. A 1808 A?ae/aaa aue iacia/ai
ieieno?ii aiaiii-nooiiooiuo nee n iiae/eiaieai aio Aiaiii-iioiaeiie
eaioeaey?ee eiia?aoi?a e oaeueaeuaaa?neiai ei?iona. Iaeiia?aiaiii ii
noaiiaeony naiaoi?ii. A ciae aai iniauo caneoa ?inoianeee iooeaoa?neee
iiee aue ia?aeiaiiaai a A?aiaaea?neee a?aoa A?ae/aaaa iiee. Ceiie 1809
ii nua?ae aaaeioth ?ieue a aeoeaecaoeee aiaauo aeaenoaee a Oeieyiaeneie
eaiiaiee, ianoiya ia ia?aoiaea ?onneeo aiene ii eueaeo Aioie/aneiai
caeeaa e oaaaeneei aa?aaai.
A?ae/aaa ia/ae iauaa ia?aono?ienoai ?onneie a?iee (eiiieaeoiaaiea e
iao/aiea no?iaaiai ninoaaa, o/?aaeaeaiea ?ae?ooneiai aeaii, aaaaeaiea
aeeaeceiiiie i?aaiecaoeee, aeieaeiinoe aeaaeo?iiai aaia?aea e o. ae.),
ii iaeaieaa ieiaeioai?iuie auee aai i?aia?aciaaiey a a?oeeea?ee.
Naaaeaiiay a ?iou e aaoa?ae, a?oeeea?ey auaeaeyeanue a naiinoiyoaeueiue
?iae aiene, ?acia? eaoaoia e eaeea?u i?oaeee oiaiueoaiu. Auea
oniaa?oainoaiaaia oaoiieiaey ecaioiaeaiey i?oaeey, aiai?eiania, noaea
aieaa yooaeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoue a?naiaeia. E?iia oiai, aue iniiaai
A?oeeea?eeneee eiieoao, noae auoiaeeoue «A?oeeea?eeneee aeo?iae».
Auaeaeaeaiea ia ia?aaeiee ieai iieeoe/aneie aeecie I. I. Nia?aineiai e
iiaeaioiaea ieaiia ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?aoi?i ca nieiie A?ae/aaaa auioaeeee
aai iiaeaoue a ionoaaeo. A 1810 ii aue iacia/ai i?aaenaaeaoaeai Aiaiiiai
aeaia?oaiaioa aiiaue o/?aaeaeaiiiai Ainoaea?noaaiiiai niaaoa, a aai iino
Aiaiiiai ieieno?a caiye I. A. Aa?eeae aea Oieee.
Io?aieoaeue — ainoaea?noaaiiee
Ii inaiueth 1812 A?ae/aaa aiiaue aue i?eaeeaeai e eiia?aoi?o, /oi auei
naycaii n ino?ui iaaeiaieuenoaii oea?y iaoaea/aie a aieia n Iaiieaiiii e
iaaeaieai eiia?aoi?neiai i?anoeaea a iauanoaa. A?ae/aaao auei ii?o/aii
oi?ie?iaaiea iiie/aiey e a?oeeea?eeneeo iieeia, ii aiiaue iieo/ee i?aai
iauyaeyoue eiaiiua oeacu. A iineaaiaiiia a?aiy, eiaaea ai aioo?aiiae
iieeoeea Aeaenaiae?a I oneeeeenue io?aieoaeueii-?aaeoeeiiiua
oaiaeaioeee, A?ae/aaa noae oaeoe/anee aoi?ui eeoeii iinea eiia?aoi?a a
oi?aaeaiee no?aiie, nin?aaeioi/ea a naieo ?oeao iaiauyoioth aeanoue. N
1815 ii noiae iiae/eieoue naaa Ainoaea?noaaiiue niaao, Eiieoao
ieieno?ia, nianoaaiioth Aai Eiia?aoi?neiai Aaee/anoaa eaioeaey?eth.
ssaeyynue aaeeinoaaiiui aeieeaae/eeii oea?th ii anai oaeouei aii?inai,
oai ia iaiaa A?ae/aaa inoaaaeny eeoue aeia?iniaanoiui eniieieoaeai aiee
oea?y e aai naiuo nie?iaaiiuo caiuneia, aoaeue oi nicaeaiea aiaiiuo
iinaeaiee (n 1819 A?ae/aaa — ia/aeueiee ooaaa iaae aiaiiuie iinaeaieyie,
a a 1821-26 — aeaaiue ia/aeueiee Ioaeaeueiiai ei?iona aiaiiuo iinaeaiee)
eee o/anoea a ?ac?aaioea ieaiia inaiaiaeaeaiey e?anoueyi. A 1818
A?ae/aaa ninoaaee nae?aoiue i?iaeo aueoia eaciie iiiaue/ueeo eiaiee «ii
aeia?iaieueii onoaiiaeaiiui oeaiai», /oiau «niaeaenoaiaaoue
i?aaeoaeuenoao a oie/oiaeaiee e?aiinoiiai ninoiyiey ethaeae a ?innee».
I?iaeo ia iieo/ee ieeaeiai aeaeaeaiey, ii i?aaeainoeoee eaeae,
?aaeeciaaiiua aiineaaenoaee ?aoi?iie 1861 a.
Nia?oue Aeaenaiae?a I iai?aaea ea?uea?o A?ae/aaaa. 20 aeaeaa?y 1825 ii
aue inaiaiaeaeai iaaeaaiaieeaoei e iaio Ieeieaai I io aeae Eiieoaoa
ieieno?ia e eneeth/ai ec ninoaaa Ainoaea?noaaiiiai niaaoa, a a 1826
iono?aiai io ia/aeuenoaa iaae aiaiiuie iinaeaieyie. A?ae/aaa oaoae ca
a?aieoeo e naiiaieueii auionoee oai ecaeaiea eiioeaeaioeeaeueiuo ienai e
iaio Aeaenaiae?a I, aucaaaoaa neaiaeae a ?inneeneii iauanoaa e
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo e?oaao. Ii aica?auaiee a ?inneth A?ae/aaa aeee a
naiai eiaiee A?oceii, caieiaynue aai aeaaiono?ienoaii.
Ia ie?oaeathueo ee/iinoue A?ae/aaaa i?iecaiaeeea iooaeeeaathuaa
aia/aoeaiea e?ooui i?aaii, a?oaui i?iecaieii, oieiineie oaiaeeeainoueth
ia?aae i?anoieii a ni/aoaiee n aunieiia?iui i?ac?aieai ei anai
ieaeanoiyuei. E?oiiue aiaiiue aaeieieno?aoi?, ii ia o/anoaiaae ie a
iaeiii n?aaeaiee. I?e neoaeinoe ia?aciaaiey A?ae/aaa aue iaaeaeai
cae?aaui i?aeoe/aneei oiii, iaoiaeee aa?iua ?aoaiey a neiaeiuo
neooaoeeyo, ioee/aeny /anoiinoueth, ai?ieny ni acyoi/ie/anoaii, auoa
anaai noaaee eioa?anu eaciu, oioy ia?aaeei ?oeiaiaenoaiaaeny ia
ainoaea?noaaiiuie eioa?anaie, a aiaeoeeyie oea?aaeai?oea. Aai iaiiia?iia
ouaneaaea iaoiaeeei oaeiaeaoai?aiea a aac?acaeaeueiii ?aniieiaeaiee e
iaio naiiaea?aeoea, iaeaeoaa aea aicauoaiea eaeie-eeai eiie naiiaiie
oeao?u aini?eieiaeinue ei ni ceiiaiyoiie ?aaiinoueth. A aeacao
nia?aiaiieeia e iioiieia A?ae/aaa ieeoeaoai?ye niaie iaeaieaa i?a/iua
noi?iiu aeaenaiae?ianeiai oea?noaiaaiey.
Eeoa?aoo?a:
?ao/ A. O. Naaaeaiey i a?aoa A?ae/aaaa. NIa., 1864.
Eecaaaooa? A. A. Eiia?aoi? Aeaenaiae? I e A?ae/aaa // Eecaaaooa? A. A.
Enoi?e/aneea i/a?ee. I., 1912.
ss/iaieoei E. I. A. A. A?ae/aaa // Aii?inu enoi?ee. 1991. ? 12.
Oiineiia A. A. A?aiaiuee (A. A. A?ae/aaa). I., 1996.
A. A. Oa?oaeianeee
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