IEIENOA?NOAI IAUAAI E I?IOANNEIIAEUeIIAI
IA?ACIAAIEss ?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
NEAE?NEEE
AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE OAOIIEIAE*ANEEE
OIEAA?NEOAO
Eaoaae?a OeAI e OA
Eo?niaia i?iaeoe?iaaiea
Oaia: “Naienoaa e iieo/aiea
enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu”
?ac?aaioae: nooaeaio COOO
niaoe. 250604 Aeiaea?iae/ I.A.
ca/. eieaeea ? 826006
?oeiaiaeeoaeue: _____________
____________________________
a. E?aniiy?ne 1998a.
TOC \o “1-3”
Aaaaeaiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc419452505 PAGEREF _Toc419452505 3
No?iaiea iae?iiieaeoeu oeaeetheicu GOTOBUTTON _Toc419452506
PAGEREF _Toc419452506 5
1. Iieo/aiea enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu GOTOBUTTON _Toc419452507
PAGEREF _Toc419452507 10
1.1 Oneiaey iieo/aiey enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc419452508 PAGEREF _Toc419452508 10
1.2 Ia?aciaaiea oeie/aneiai niaaeeiaiey. GOTOBUTTON _Toc419452509
PAGEREF _Toc419452509 20
1.3 Noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee. GOTOBUTTON _Toc419452510 PAGEREF
_Toc419452510 21
2. Naienoaa enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu. GOTOBUTTON _Toc419452511
PAGEREF _Toc419452511 25
Nienie eniieueciaaiiuo enoi/ieeia: GOTOBUTTON _Toc419452512 PAGEREF
_Toc419452512 32
Aaaaeaiea
Oeaeetheica yaeyaony aauanoaii, oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiui a ?anoeoaeueiii
ie?a. Iia aoiaeeo a ninoaa eae iaeiieaoieo ?anoaiee, oae e iiiaieaoieo,
a /anoiinoe – a ninoaa ae?aaaniuo ii?iae.
Aii?in ia oneiaeyo e iaoaiecia aeioeie/aneiai neioaca oeaeetheicu –
iaeei ec iaeaieaa neiaeiuo e eioa?aniuo a oeiee oeaeetheicu.
?ieue oeaeetheicu, iniiaiiai eiiiiiaioa eeaoi/iie noaiee aunoeo
?anoaiee, ea?athuaai ?ieue iaoaie/aneiai ea?eana, iaiin?aaenoaaiii
naycaia n iniaaiiinoyie oeie/aneiai no?iaiey iae?iiieaeoeu e oa?aeoa?ii
iaaeiieaeoey?iie no?oeoo?u. Eae ia?aciaaiea iae?iiieaeoe oeaeetheicu,
oae e oi?ie?iaaiea iaaeiieaeoey?iie no?oeoo?u i?ienoiaeeo a i?ioeanna
aeioeie/aneiai neioaca, iiyoiio i?iaeaia enneaaeiaaiey ia?aciaaiey
oeaeetheicu a i?e?iaea eiaao aeaa aniaeoa – nianoaaiii aeioeie/aneee,
aeeth/athuee aii?in i oa?aeoa?a enoiaeiuo ?aaae?othueo niaaeeiaiee,
eeiaoeea e iaoaiecia neioaca iae?iiieaeoe, e no?oeoo?ii-oeie/aneee
iaoaieci ia?aciaaiey yeaiaioia iaaeiieaeoey?iie no?oeoo?u e oi?ie?iaaiey
neiaeiie no?oeoo?u iieenaoa?eaea eae iieeia?a.
Aiciiaeiinoue ?aoeeiiaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey oeaeetheicu ?acee/iuo
io?aneyo ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa aeey iieo/aiey iaoa?eaeia iaeaaeathueo
o?aaoaiuie naienoaaie, iaiin?aaenoaaiii caaeneo io auyniaiey iniiaiuo
aii?inia no?iaiey oeaeetheicu e io iiae?iaiiai eco/aiey naienoa
oeaeetheiciuo iaoa?eaeia. Yoi ioiineony a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue e oai
io?aneyi i?iiuoeaiiinoe, eioi?ua iniiaaiu ia oeie/aneie ia?a?aaioea
oeaeetheicu (i?eaioiaeaiea eaeia, ieaiie, ieanoe/aneeo iann,
eneonnoaaiiiai aieieia, aacaeuiiiai ii?ioa e o. ae.), a oaeaea e
oaenoeeueiie e aoiaaeiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe. ?aciua i?aaenoaaeaiey i
no?iaiee oeaeetheicu i?eaiaeyo e ?aciui auaiaeai ia iioeiaeueiuo
oneiaeyo i?iaaaeaiey i?ioeannia aa oeie/aneie ia?a?aaioee e i iaoiaeao,
eioi?ua ioaeii i?eiaiyoue aeey eciaiaiey a aeaeaaiii iai?aaeaiee
oeceei-oeie/aneeo e iaoaie/aneeo naienoa iieo/aaiuo i?iaeoeoia.
Iiyoiio, anoanoaaiii, aii?inai no?iaiey oeaeetheicu iinayuaeenue e
iinayuathony iiiai/eneaiiua enneaaeiaaiey.
Nia?aiaiiay oai?ey no?iaiey oeaeetheicu aeieaeia ioaaoeoue ia
neaaeothuea iniiaiua aii?inu:
1. No?iaiea iae?iiieaeoe oeaeetheicu: oeie/aneia no?iaiea yeaiaioa?iiai
caaia e iae?iiieaeoeu a oeaeii; eiioi?iaoeey iae?iiieaeoeu e aa
caaiueaa.
Iieaeoey?iay ianna oeaeetheicu e aa iieeaeenia?niinoue.
No?oeoo?a oeaeetheicu: ?aaiiaaniia oaciaia ninoiyiea oeaeetheicu
(aii?oiia eee e?enoaeee/aneia); oeiu naycae iaaeaeo iae?iiieaeoeaie;
iaaeiieaeoey?iay no?oeoo?a; no?oeoo?iay iaiaeii?iaeiinoue oeaeetheicu;
no?oeoo?iua iiaeeoeeaoeee oeaeetheicu.
Oieueei iinea auyniaiey oeacaiiuo aii?inia iiaoo auoue noi?ioee?iaaiu
aeinoaoi/ii iainiiaaiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i no?iaiee oeaeetheicu.
No?iaiea iae?iiieaeoeu oeaeetheicu
Iiiaea aeaiiua i oeie/aneii no?iaiee iae?iiieaeoe oeaeetheicu e iniaaiii
i no?iaiee yeaiaioa?iuo caaiueaa, ec eioi?uo ninoieo iae?iiieaeoea,
yaeythony a ianoiyuaa a?aiy aannii?iuie. Eo iiaeii oi?ioee?iaaoue
neaaeothuei ia?acii.
Yeaiaioa?iui caaiii iae?iiieaeoeu oeaeetheicu yaeyaony
aiaeae?i-D-aetheica. Yoi aeieacuaaaony iiiai/eneaiiuie ?aaioaie [1,4] ii
enneaaeiaaieth i?iaeoeoia iieiiai aeae?ieeca oeaeetheicu. I?e iieiii
aeae?ieeca oeaeetheicu auaeaeaia D-aetheica n auoiaeii aei 96 – 98% io
oai?aoe/aneiai.
Yeaiaioa?iia caaii a iae?iiieaeoea oeaeetheicu niaea?aeeo o?e naiaiaeiua
aeae?ieneeueiua a?oiiu. Yoi aeieacuaaaony oai /oi i?e ethauo ?aaeoeeyo
yoa?eoeeaoeee oeaeetheicu oaeaaony iieo/eoue a ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoia
iieiie yoa?eoeeaoeee oieueei o?aocaiauaiiua yoe?u oeaeetheicu. Ec o?ao
aeae?ieneeueiuo a?oiiu yeaiaioa?iiai caaia iaeia a?oiia yaeyaony
ia?ae/iie e aeaa aoi?e/iuie. Yoe a?oiiu cia/eoaeueii ?acee/athony ii
?aaeoeeiiiie niiniaiinoe.
Aeae?ieneeueiua a?oiiu a yeaiaioa?iii caaia iae?iiieaeoeu iaoiaeyony o
2-ai, 3-ai e 6-ai aoiiia oaea?iaea. Yoi aeieacaii eaeaioeoeeaoeeae
iniiaiiai i?iaeoeoa, iieo/aiiiai i?e aeae?ieeca o?eiaoeeoeaeetheicu, eae
2,3,6-o?e-I-iaoee-D-aetheicu, a oaeaea ?yaeii ae?oaeo iaoiaeia. Ec
yoiai neaaeoao, /oi aetheiciua inoaoee aeieaeiu auoue naycaiu eeai
1(4-aeeeiceaeiuie (a yoii neo/aa yeaiaioa?iia caaii iaoiaeeony a
ie?aiiciie oi?ia), eeai 1(5-aeeeiceaeiuie naycyie (i?e oo?aiiciie oi?ia
yeaiaioa?iiai caaia).
Ia?yaeo n 2,3,6-o?e-I-iaoee-D-aetheicie, i?e aeae?ieeca
o?eiaoeeoeaeetheicu ia?acoaony i/aiue iaaieueoia eiee/anoai (0,05–0,2%)
2,3,4,6-oeopa-I-iaoee-D-aetheicu ca n/ao eiioeaauo yeaiaioa?iuo caaiueaa
iae?iiieaeoe. Yoio oaeo, a oaeaea aeaiiua ae?oaeo iaoiaeia (iai?eia?,
ia?eiaeaoiiai ieeneaiey) oeacuaatho ia ionoonoaea ?acaaoaeaiee a
iae?iiieaeoey?iie oeaie oeaeetheicu.
4. Inoaoee D-aetheicu a iieaeoea oeaeetheicu eiatho ie?aiicioth oi?io.
N?aaieoaeueiay onoie/eainoue oeaeetheicu e eeneioiiio aeae?ieeco
eneeth/aao aiciiaeiinoue nouanoaiaaiey caaiueaa a oo?aiiciie oi?ia,
iineieueeo oo?aiiceaeu /?acau/aeii iaonoie/eau e aeaenoaeth eeneio.
5. Yeaiaioa?iua caaiuey iae?iiieaeoeu oeaeetheicu –
aiaeae?i-D-aetheiie?aiica – niaaeeiaiu iaaeaeo niaie (- aeeeiceaeiie
naycueth. Yoi aeieacuaaaony oai, /oi i?iaeoeoii /anoe/iiai aeae?ieeca
oeaeetheicu yaeyaony oeaeeiaeica [4-I((-D-aetheiie?aiicee)-D-aetheica],
niaea?aeauay aeaa inoaoea aetheicu, niaaeeiaiiua (-aeeeiceaeiie
naycueth.
Oaeei ia?acii, no?iaiea oeaeetheicu iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaii oi?ioeie:
Oi?ioea oeaeetheicu:
?en. SEQ ?enoiie \* ARABIC 1
Ni?aaaaeeeainoue yoie oi?ioeu iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony aeaiiuie /anoe/iiai
eeneioiiai e oa?iaioaoeaiiai aeae?ieeca, aoeaoieeca, ia?eiaeaoiiai
ieeneaiey, EE – niaeo?ineiiee e iiey?eiao?ee. Oi/iinoue iaoiaeia,
aeinoeaiooay a ianoiyuaa a?aiy, iicaieyao n/eoaoue, /oi ae?oaea oeiu
naycae a iieaeoea oeaeetheicu ano?a/athony ia /aua, /ai iaeia ia 1000
iiiinaoa?eaeiuo inoaoeia.
?aaoey?iinoue no?iaiey iieeia?iie oeaie e no?iai ii?aaeaeaiiay
eiioeao?aoeey aneiiao?e/aneeo oaea?iaeiuo aoiiia iicaieytho ioianoe
oeaeetheico e noa?ai?aaoey?iui iieeia?ai.
Nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea i?e enneaaeiaaiee no?iaiey iae?iiieaeoeu
oeaeetheicu eiaao auyniaiea aii?ina i eiioi?iaoeee ie?aiiciiai oeeeea a
iae?iiieaeoea. Oae aea, eae o i?iecaiaeiuo oeeeeiaaenaia, ie?aiiciue
oeeee aeey oiaiueoaiey aioo?aiieo iai?yaeaiee iiaeao i?eieiaoue
eiioi?iaoeeth (oi?io) aaiiu eee e?anea. Oae eae a ie?aiiciii oeeeea
eiaaony aoii eenei?iaea, oi aiciiaeiu aeaa eiioi?iaoeee e?anea (N) e
Oanoue eiioi?iaoeee aaiiu (A):
Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi i?e iaeiii e oii aea no?iaiee yeaiaioa?iiai
caaia a caaeneiinoe io eiioi?iaoeee ie?aiiciiai oeeeea iaiyaony
i?ino?ainoaaiiay i?eaioaoeey caianoeoaeae (II-a?oii) a oeeeea.
Aeae?ieneeueiua a?oiiu a yeaiaioa?iii caaia iiaoo auoue ?aniieiaeaiu
yeaaoi?eaeueii, o. a. a ieineinoe eieueoea, eee aeneaeueii –
ia?iaiaeeeoey?ii e yoie ieineinoe:
Eiioi?iaoeee ie?aiiciiai oeeeea
?en. SEQ ?enoiie \* ARABIC 2
Aeae?ieneeueiua a?oiiu, iaoiaeyueany a aeneaeueiii e a yeaaoi?eaeueiii
iieiaeaieyo, iaeaaeatho ?acee/iie ?aaeoeeiiiie niiniaiinoueth.
Yoa?eoeeaoeee iiaeaa?aathony a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aeae?ieneeueiua a?oiiu,
iaoiaeyueany a yeaaoi?eaeueiii iieiaeaiee, oae eae aeey yoeo a?oii
noa?e/aneea oneiaey inouanoaeaiey ?aaeoeee aieaa aeaaii?eyoiu. Aeey
(-D-aetheiie?aiicu e aa i?iecaiaeiuo (a oii /enea e aeey oeaeetheicu)
iaeaieaa yia?aaoe/anee auaiaeiie oi?iie yaeyaony eiioi?iaoeey e?anea C1,
aaea ana aeae?ieneeueiua a?oiiu iaoiaeyony a yeaaoi?eaeueiii iieiaeaiee.
I?eaaaeaiiua auoa aeaiiua iicaieytho naeaeaoue aeinoaoi/ii iainiiaaiiua
auaiaeu i no?iaiee iae?iiieaeoeu oeaeetheicu. Niaeanii yoei aeaiiui,
iae?iiieaeoea oeaeetheicu ninoieo ec aieueoiai /enea inoaoeia
D-aetheiie?aiicu, iaoiaeyueony a eiioi?iaoeee e?anea N1, niaaeeiaiiuo
iaaeaeo niaie 1(4-(-aeeeiceaeiuie naycyie. Iaeiaei ?acee/iua oeie/aneea
e oece/aneeie aicaeaenoaey iiaoo i?eaanoe e ia?aoiaeo caaiueaa a
ae?oaoth eiioi?iaoeeth.
Ieiaeioai?iinoue eniieueciaaiey iaoiaea eiioi?iaoeeiiiiai aiaeeca i?e
enneaaeiaaiee iieenaoa?eaeia auea iieacaia ?aaioaie ?eaca ii eco/aieth
iaaeiiaiiea/iuo eiiieaenia aieeicu e Aea?aaeoeeie [5] ii aiaeeco i?e/ei
?acee/iie ?aaeoeeiiiie niiniaiinoe aeae?ieneeueiuo a?oii a yeaiaioa?iii
caaia iieaeoe oeaeetheicu. A yoeo ?aaioao auei auaeaeiooi
i?aaeiieiaeaiea i aiciiaeiinoe eciaiaiey eiioi?iaoeee yeaiaioa?iiai
caaia iae?iiieaeoeu i?e ?acee/iuo aicaeaenoaeyo. Aiciiaeiinoue eciaiaiey
eiioi?iaoeee yeaiaioa?iiai caaia iae?iiieaeoeu oeaeetheicu i?e ?acee/iuo
aicaeaenoaeyo e niioaaonoaaiii eciaiaiea ?aaeoeeiiiie niiniaiinoe
neaaeoao o/eouaaoue i?e aiaeeca iniiaiuo aii?inia oeiee oeaeetheicu.
1. Iieo/aiea enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu
1.1 Oneiaey iieo/aiey enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu.
Oneiaey i?iaaaeaiey i?ioeanna enaioiaaie?iaaiey, ii?aaeaeyaiua
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth iaania/aiey aeinoaoi/ii aunieie nei?inoe ?aaeoeee,
aeinoeaeaiey o?aaoaiie noaiaie caiauaiey enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu,
i?eaieaiiai niioiioaiey eiee/anoa na?ioaea?iaea, ?anoiaeoaiuo ia
iniiaiie i?ioeann yoa?eoeeaoeee oeaeetheicu e ia iiai/iua ?aaeoeee,
caaenyo io ?yaea oaeoi?ia, iniiaiua ec eioi?uo ?anniio?aiu ieaea.
I?e i?iaaaeaiee ?aaeoeee enaioiaaie?iaaiey a aiiiaaiiie n?aaea i?ioeann
yoa?eoeeaoeee i?ioaeaao i/aiue auno?i. I?e yoa?eoeeaoeee oeaeetheicu a
n?aaea, a eioi?ie ?anoai?eia eae enoiaeiay oeaeetheica, oae e
ia?aciaaaoeeny enaioiaaiao oeaeetheicu (nianue o?eyoeeaaiceeaiiiiey e
aeeienaia niioiioaiee 1:1), enaioiaaie?iaaiea caeai/eaaaony a oa/aiea 5
iei.
Auee i?iaaaeaiu iiuou ii enaioiaaie?iaaieth uaei/iie oeaeetheicu
?anoai?ii CS2 a i?aaie/aneii ?anoai?eoaea (i-aaenaia, i-aaioaia), ia
niaoeaathuainy n aiaeie e ia ?anoai?ythuai NaOH. I?e i?iaaaeaiee
?aaeoeee a yoeo oneiaeyo i?ienoiaeeo ?aaiiia?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea CS2 a
?aaeoeeiiiie ianna e iiauoaaony nei?inoue yoa?eoeeaoeee. Iaeiaei oaeie
niinia enaioiaaie?iaaiey ia i?aaenoaaeyao i?aeoe/aneiai eioa?ana.
I?e enaioiaaie?iaaiee uaei/iie oeaeetheicu a aaoa?iaaiiie n?aaea
nei?inoue yoa?eoeeaoeee ii?aaeaeyaony a iniiaiii nei?inoueth aeeooocee
yoa?eoeoee?othuaai ?aaaaioa a aieieii e caaeneo io ?yaea oaeoi?ia, ec
eioi?uo iniiaiia cia/aiea eiatho oa?aeoa? oeaeetheiciiai iaoa?eaea,
eiioeaio?aoeey NaOH i?e ia?na?ecaoeee e oaiia?aoo?a. N oaaee/aieai
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe ?aaeoeee noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee iieo/aaiiai
enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu i?ioiaeeo /a?ac iaeneioi e aeaeaa ia/eiaao
nieaeaoueny. Yoio oaeo, iauyniyaony oai, /oi i?e enaioiaaie?iaaiee
ia?yaeo n yoa?eoeeaoeeae aeae?ieneeueiuo a?oii i?ienoiaeeo iinoaiaiiia
iiueaiea a uaei/iie n?aaea oeiea?aiiaoiuo a?oii. Auaeaeythueeny
na?ioaea?iae ?aaae?oao ia oieueei n oeaeetheicie, ii e ni naiaiaeiui
NaOH, ia?acoy oeiea?aiiaou, e auaiaeeony ec noa?u ?aaeoeee
yoa?eoeeaoeee. Iaeiia?aiaiii n iiieaeaieai noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee
i?ienoiaeeo ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea oeiea?aiiaoiuo a?oii a iae?iiieaeoea
enaioiaaiaoa e i?e aieueoie i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe enaioiaaie?iaaiey
iieo/aaony ieceiyoa?eoeoee?iaaiiue enaioiaaiao oeaeetheicu, aieaa
iaeii?iaeiue ii oeie/aneiio ninoaao.
N iiauoaieai oaiia?aoo?u enaioiaaie?iaaiey, iaeneiaeueiay noaiaiue
yoa?eoeeaoeee aeinoeaaaony auno?aa, ii ( iiieaeaaony.
Noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee oeaeetheicu i?e enaioiaaie?iaaiee ianeieueei
iiauoaaony i?e aeiaaaeaiee iaaieueoeo eiee/anoa SO2.
Iiauoaiea nei?inoe enaioiaaie?iaaiey ia 20 – 25% iaaethaeaeinue i?e
i?iaaaeaiee ?aaeoeee a i?enoonoaee iaaieueoiai eiee/anoaa o?aoe/iuo
aieiia.
Aeeyiea oa?aeoa?a oeaeetheiciiai iaoa?eaea ia nei?inoue e noaiaiue
enaioiaaie?iaaiey ii?aaeaeyaony eioaineaiinoueth iaaeiieaeoey?iiai
acaeiiaeaenoaey a i?aia?aoao enoiaeiie oeaeetheicu. Oeiieiaay
oeaeetheica iaeaaeaao aieaa aunieie noaiaiueth i?eaioaoeee e aieueoei
iaaeiieaeoey?iui acaeiiaeaenoaeai, /ai ae?aaaniay oeaeetheica.
Niioaaonoaaiii nei?inoue e noaiaiue enaioiaaie?iaaiey yoiai
oeaeetheiciiai iaoa?eaea i?e oao aea oneiaeyo i?iaaaeaiey ?aaeoeee
iaiueoa, /ai ae?aaaniie oeaeetheicu. Aeae?aooeaeetheica
enaioiaaie?oaony cia/eoaeueii auno?aa e aeaao i?iaeoeou aieaa aunieie
noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee, /ai i?e?iaeiay oeaeetheica.
A i?ioeanna enaioiaaie?iaaiey i?ienoiaeeo aeiiieieoaeueiia oiaiueoaiea
?acia?ia e?enoaeeeoia, ii?aaeaeyaiuo ii i?aaeaeueiiio cia/aieth NI
oeaeetheicu iinea aeae?ieeca. Yoio yooaeo auyaeyaony oai aieaa
io/aoeeai, /ai auoa noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiaoa. Oae, iai?eia?,
anee i?aaeaeueiia cia/aiea NI uaei/iie oeaeetheicu iinea i?aaenic?aaaiey
ninoaaeyao 58 – 60, oi iinea iieo/aiey enaioiaaiaoa n ( = 36,7 iii
nieaeaaony aei 52, a aeey enaioiaaiaoa n ( = 112 – aei 42.[1]
Cia/eoaeueiue eioa?an i?aaenoaaeytho aeaiiua i aeeyiee eiioeaio?aoeee
NaOH i?e ia?na?ecaoeee oeaeetheicu ia noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee iieo/aaiiai
enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu. Iaeneiaeueiay noaiaiue enaioiaaie?iaaiey a
iaeieo e oao aea oneiaeyo aeinoeaaaony i?e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie ia?aaioea
enoiaeiie oeaeetheicu ?anoai?ii NaOH oaeie eiioeaio?aoeee, eioi?ay
aucuaaao ?ac?ua cia/eoaeueiiai /enea aiaei?iaeiuo naycae iaaeaeo
iae?iiieaeoeaie (ia?na?ecaoeey 18%-iui ?anoai?ii NaOH). I?e
eniieueciaaiee aeey ia?na?ecaoeee ?anoai?ia NaOH aieaa aunieie
eiioeaio?aoeee e iieo/aiee niioaaonoaaiii iinea ioaeeia i?aia?aoa
uaei/iie oeaeetheicu, niaea?aeauaai iiauoaiiia eiee/anoai NaOH,
oaaee/eaaaony nei?inoue iiueaiey ia?acothuaainy enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu
e noiia?iay noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee nieaeaaony.
Io eiee/anoaa naiaiaeiiai aeae?ieneaea iao?ey, oaea?aeeaaaiiai uaei/iie
oeaeetheicie, caaeneo oaeaea niioiioaiea ?anoiaea na?ioaea?iaea ia
?aaeoeee enaioiaaie?iaaiey e ia?aciaaiey oeiea?aiiaoia. N oiaiueoaieai
eiee/anoaa naiaiaeiiai aeae?ieneaea iao?ey ?anoiae na?ioaea?iaea ia
iiai/iua ?aaeoeee oiaiueoaaony. Aiaeiae/iia yaeaiea iaaethaeaaony i?e
iiieaeaiee oaiia?aoo?u.
Noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu (ii?aaeaeaiiiai a aeaea
S-iaoeeenaioiaaiaoa) a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie caaeneo io oa?aeoa?a
uaei/e, i?eiaiyaiie i?e ia?na?ecaoeee.
Oeaeetheica iiaeao ia?aciauaaoue yoe?u n oaieueiie e oeioaieueiuie
eeneioaie (iiii- e aeeoeioaieueiie) i?e yoa?eoeeaoeee aiaeae?eaeaie eee
oei?aiaeae?eaeaie niioaaonoaothueo eeneio. Eae i?aaeei, i?e aeaenoaee
yoeo ?aaaaioia iieo/athony eeneua yoe?u, eioi?ua iooai iineaaeothuae
ia?aaioee iiaoo auoue i?aa?auaiu a n?aaeiea yoe?u, cia/eoaeueii
ioee/athueany io eeneuo yoe?ia ii ?anoai?eiinoe e onoie/eainoe e
?acee/iui aicaeaenoaeyi. Eae e yoe?u ieceiiieaeoey?iuo nie?oia, eeneua
yoe?u yoeo eeneio e oeaeetheicu e?aeia iaonoie/eau e a naiaiaeiii aeaea
auno?i iiueythony. Aieaa onoie/eau niee eeneuo yoe?ia, a /anoiinoe
eeneuo yoe?ia aeeoeioaieueiie eeneiou e oeaeetheicu (enaioiaaiaou
oeaeetheicu), iieo/eaoea oe?ieia i?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea.
Oa?aeoa? eeneioiuo inoaoeia, aaiaeeiuo a iieaeoeo oeaeetheicu i?e
neioaca yoiai eeanna yoe?ia oeaeetheicu, ?acei aeeyao ia onoie/eainoue
iieo/aaiuo eeneuo yoe?ia. Iaeiaiaa onoie/eau yoe?u oeaeetheicu e
oaieueiie eeneiou. Eeneua yoe?u aeeoeioaieueiie eeneiou e oeaeetheicu
aieaa onoie/eau, /ai niioaaonoaothuea yoe?u iiiioeioaieueiie eeneiou.
Ec anao oeiia yoe?ia oeaeetheicu n oaieueiie e oeioaieueiuie eeneioaie
iaeaieueoaa i?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea eiatho eeneua neiaeiua yoe?u
aeeoeioaieueiie (oeiioeieoaieueiie) eeneiou e oeaeetheicu – oae
iacuaaaiua oeaeetheicienaioiaaiiaua eeneiou.
Eae e eeneua yoe?u oaieueiie e iiiioeioaieueiie eeneio e oeaeetheicu,
naiaiaeiua oeaeetheicienaioiaaiiaua eeneiou iaei onoie/eau, oioy
onoie/eainoue eo ianeieueei auoa, /ai eeneuo yoe?ia oaieueiie e
iiiioeioaieueiie eeneio. Iiyoiio i?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea eiatho oieueei
niee yoeo eeneio, iniaaiii iao?eaaua niee.
Enaioiaaiao oeaeetheicu – iao?eaaay nieue oeaeetheicienaioiaaiiaie
eeneiou (eeneiai yoe?a oeaeetheicu e aeeoeioaieueiie eeneiou) yaeyaony
iieoi?iaeoeoii, ec eioi?iai iieo/atho aeneiciia aieieii e aeneicioth
ieaieo. Oa?aeoa?iui e iaeaieaa aaaeiui naienoaii yoiai niaaeeiaiey,
eioi?ia ii?aaeaeeei aiciiaeiinoue e oeaeaniia?aciinoue aai oe?ieiai
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?eiaiaiey, yaeyaony ?anoai?eiinoue a aiaea e a
?acaaaeaiiuo ?anoai?ao uaei/ae. A 4–6%-iii ?anoai?a aeae?ieneaea iao?ey
enaioiaaiaou oeaeetheicu eae aunieie, oae e n?aaieoaeueiie ieceie
noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee iieiinoueth ?anoai?ythony, ia?acoy ayceea
eiioeaio?e?iaaiiua ?anoai?u. ?anoai?u enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu a
?acaaaeaiiie uaei/e iinyo iacaaiea aeneicu. Iooai ia?a?aaioee aeneicu
(?aaaia?aoeee ec iaa oeaeetheicu) iieo/atho aeae?aooeaeetheiciia
aeneiciia aieieii e aeae?aooeaeetheicioth ieaieo. Anee o/anoue, /oi
iooai ia?a?aaioee aeneic auei iieo/aii a 1970 a. aieaa 3000 oun. o
eneonnoaaiiiai aieieia e ieaiie, oi noaiiayony i/aaeaeiuie ianooaau
i?aeoe/aneiai eniieueciaaiey aeeoeioaieueiuo yoe?ia.
Enaioiaaiaou oeaeetheicu, oae aea eae enaioiaaiaou iaeiiaoiiiuo e
iiiaiaoiiiuo nie?oia, iiiinaoa?eaeia e ae?oaeo iieenaoa?eaeia, iieo/atho
iooai acaeiiaeaenoaey n na?ioaea?iaeii (aiaeae?eaeii aeeoeioaieueiie
eeneiou) a i?enoonoaee uaei/e. ?aaeoeey i?ioaeaao ii noaia:
n H2O
Auneacuaaeinue i?aaeiieiaeaiea[7], /oi yoa?eoeoee?othuei aaaioii
yaeyaony ia CS2, a aeeoeioaieueiay eeneioa, ia?acothuayny i?e
acaeiiaeaenoaee na?ioaea?iaea n aiaeie. Iaeiaei aieaa aa?iyoia
noaia, niaeanii eioi?ie oeaeetheica i?e yoa?eoeeaoeee ?aaae?oao n eeneie
nieueth aeeoeioaieueiie eeneiou, ia?acothuaeny i?e acaeiiaeaenoaee NaII
n CS2:
HO
NaOH + CS2 ( C=S
NaS
HO S
C6H7O2(OH)2-II + C(S ( C6H7O2(OH)2-OC + H2O
NaS SNa
I?e iieo/aiee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu aeaenoaeai na?ioaea?iaea ia
uaei/ioth oeaeetheico anaaaea i?ioaeaao iiai/iay ?aaeoeey ia?aciaaiey
oeiea?aiiaoia iao?ey a ?acoeueoaoa acaeiiaeaenoaey na?ioaea?iaea ni
naiaiaeiie uaei/ueth, iaoiaeyuaeny a i?aia?aoao uaei/iie oeaeetheicu.
I?enoonoaeai oeiea?aiiaoia iao?ey e iaoneiaeeaaaony i?aiaeaaay ie?anea
enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu, iieo/aaiiai a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oneiaeyo, oae
eae nai enaioiaaiao oeaeetheicu aanoeaaoai eee eiaao neaai-aeaeooth
ie?aneo.
A caaeneiinoe io oneiaee i?ioeanna e niioiioaiey na?ioaea?iaea e
aeae?ieneaea iao?ey iiaoo ia?aciaaoueny a ea/anoaa iiai/iuo i?iaeoeoia
iiii-, aee- e o?eoeiea?aiiaou iao?ey. Iau/ii i?eieiatho, /oi iniiaiui
i?iaeoeoii ?aaeoeee yaeyaony o?eoeiea?aiiao
3 CS2 + 6 NaOH ( 2 Na2CS3 + Na2CO3 + 3 H2O
iaeiaei a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe acaeiiaeaenoaea CS2 e NaOH i?ioaeaao aieaa
neiaeii e i?eaiaeeo e ia?aciaaieth ?acee/iuo na?iniaea?aeaueo
niaaeeiaiee (noeueoeoa, noeueoeaea e iieenoeueoeaeia, oeinoeueoaoa e
ae?.).
Nei?inoue i6?aciaaiey oeiea?aiiaoia caaeneo io iaee/ey a i?aia?aoao
oeaeetheicu i?eianae ae?oaeo iieenaoa?eaeia. Oae, iai?eia?, a
i?enoonoaee eneeaia eiee/anoai ia?acothueony oeiea?aiiaoia ?acei
oaaee/eaaaony. Yoio oaeo iauyniyaony, ii-aeaeeiiio, cia/eoaeueii
iaiueoae onoie/eainoueth enaioiaaiaoa eneeaia ii n?aaiaieth n
enaioiaaiaoii oeaeetheicu. Na?ioaea?iae, auaeaeythueeny i?e ?aniaaea
enaioiaaiaoa eneeaia, ?aaae?oao n NaOH, iaoneiaeeaay ia?aciaaiea
aeiiieieoaeueiuo eiee/anoa o?eoeiea?aiiaoa.
Enaioiaaiao oeaeetheicu aue aia?aua iieo/ai E?innii, Aeaaiii e Aeaeeii a
1893 a. aeaenoaeai na?ioaea?iaea ia uaei/ioth oeaeetheico. Yoe aea
enneaaeiaaoaee i?aaeeiaeeee iaoiae iieo/aiey eneonnoaaiiiai aieieia
iooai ia?a?aaioee ?anoai?ia enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu.
A aeaeueiaeoeo enneaaeiaaieyo iniiaiia aieiaiea oaeaeyeinue auyniaieth
neaaeothueo aii?inia:
1) Ia?acoaony ee oeie/aneia niaaeeiaiea i?e aeaenoaee na?ioaea?iaea ia
uaei/ioth oeaeetheico?
2) Eaeiaa noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiaoa?
3) Eaeea aeae?ieneeueiua a?oiiu a yeaiaioa?iii caaia iae?iiieaeoeu
i?eieiatho o/anoea a ?aaeoeee enaioiaaie?iaaiey (ia?ae/iua eee
aoi?e/iua)?
4) Iaiaoiaeeii ee i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ia?aciaaiea uaei/iie oeaeetheicu?
1.2 Ia?aciaaiea oeie/aneiai niaaeeiaiey.
Eciaiaiea ?aioaaiia?aii i?e ia?aciaaiee iiaiai niaaeeiaiey i?ienoiaeeo
iau/ii a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea a ?acoeueoaoa ?aaeoeee caiauaaony a
n?aaeiai aieueoa 30% ooieoeeiiaeueiuo a?oii a iae?iiieaeoea
?aaae?othuaai iieeia?a, a /anoiinoe oeaeetheicu. A iau/iuo oneiaeyo
enaioiaaie?iaaiey iieo/aaony enaioiaaiao n ( = 50. I?iaeoeo oaeie ieceie
noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee ia iiaeao eiaoue iiaoth ?aioaaiia?aiio. Ana
ae?oaea i?iecaiaeiua oeaeetheicu n ( N=S.
1.3 Noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee.
A i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oneiaeyo iau/ii iieo/atho enaioiaaiao n?aaieoaeueii
ieceie noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee (( = 50). Iieo/aiea aieaa auniei
yoa?eoeoee?iaaiiiai i?iaeoeoa aeey i?aeoe/aneeo oeaeae iaoeaeaniia?acii,
iineieueeo enaioiaaiao oeaeetheicu iaei onoie/ea e eniieuecoaony oieueei
a ea/anoaa i?iiaaeooi/iiai i?iaeoeoa i?e ecaioiaeaiee
aeae?aooeaeetheiciuo ieoae e ieaiie. O?aaoaiay noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee
enaioiaaiaoa ii?aaeaeyaony a iniiaiii iaeiei oneiaeai – iia aeieaeia
auoue aeinoaoi/ii aunieie aeey oiai, /oiau i?aia?ao iieiinoueth
?anoai?yeny a ?anoai?ao uaei/e e aue niiniaai ia?aciauaaoue ayceea
eiioeaio?e?iaaiiua ?anoai?u. *ai ieaea noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee
enaioiaaiaoa, oaeiaeaoai?ythuaai yoei oneiaeyi, oai ieaea ?anoiae
na?ioaea?iaea i?e enaioiaaie?iaaiee e oai iaiueoa na?ioaea?iaea aoaeao
auaeaeyoueny i?e ?aaaia?aoeee aeae?ao oeaeetheicu ec enaioiaaiaoa a
i?ioeanna oi?iiaaiey ieoe eee ieaiee.
?anoai?eiinoue enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu a ?anoai?a uaei/e e a ae?oaeo
?anoai?eoaeyo caaeneo io aai iieaeoey?iie iannu, noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee e
?aaiiia?iinoe ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeeoeiea?aiiaoiuo a?oii a iae?iiieaeoea.
I?e noaiaie iieeia?ecaoeee 400 – 500 (noaiaiue iieeia?ecaoeee
enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu, iau/ii i?eiaiyaiiai aeey iieo/aiey aeneiciiai
aieieia) ieieiaeueiay noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee, i?e eioi?ie enaioiaaiao
iieiinoueth ?anoai?yaony a uaei/e, niioaaonoaoao ( = 20 – 25. Oae eae
i?e ?anoai?aiee enaioiaaiaoa e auaea?aeeaaiee aeneiciuo ?anoai?ia
i?ienoiaeeo iaeioi?ia iiieaeaiea noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee aneaaenoaea
/anoe/iiai iiueaiey enaioiaaiaoa, oi i?e enaioiaaie?iaaiee iieo/atho
i?iaeoeou ianeieueei aieaa aunieie noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee (( = 50).
Iaeiaei aeaeaoaeueii iieo/aoue enaioiaaiaou oeaeetheicu aiciiaeii aieaa
ieceie noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee, ana aua iaeaaeathuea iieiie
?anoai?eiinoueth a uaei/e.
Iieo/aiea a iau/iuo oneiaeyo enaioiaaie?iaaiey oeaeetheicu i?aia?aoia
enaioiaaiaoa ieceie noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee ia icia/aao, /oi iaeuecy
iieo/eoue auniei yoa?eoeoee?iaaiiua enaioiaaiaou oeaeetheicu. Eciaiyy
oneiaey yoa?eoeeaoeee, iiaeii iieo/eoue enaioiaaiao oeaeetheicu ethaie
noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee, aieioue aei i?aia?aoa n ( = 300.
Aunieiyoa?eoeoee?iaaiiua enaioiaaiaou oeaeetheicu iiaeii iieo/eoue
neaaeothueie iaoiaeaie:
1) yoa?eoeeaoeeae oeaeetheicu aieueoei eiee/anoaii na?ioaea?iaea;,
2) yoa?eoeeaoeeae oeaeetheicu, i?aaeaa?eoaeueii ?anoai?aiiie a ?anoai?a
uaei/e eee a i?aaie/aneeo iniiaaieyo;
3) aeiiieieoaeueiie yoa?eoeeaoeeae enaioiaaiaoa ieceie noaiaie
caiauaiey, ?anoai?aiiiai a ?anoai?a uaei/e.
I?e enaioiaaie?iaaiee uaei/iie oeaeetheicu aieueoei ecauoeii
na?ioaea?iaea (180 – 200% io iannu oeaeetheicu) iieo/athony enaioiaaiaou
oeaeetheicu n ( = 130 – 180. Enaioiaaiaou oeaeetheicu n ( = 300 auee
iieo/aiu yoa?eoeeaoeeae oeaeetheicu, ?anoai?aiiie a /aoaa?oe/iuo
aiiiieaauo iniiaaieyo.
Aeiaaaeaieai na?ioaea?iaea e aeneica oaeaeinue iiauneoue noaiaiue
yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu n ( = 50 aei ( = 150.
Aunieiyoa?eoeoee?iaaiiue enaioiaaiao (( = 300) aue iieo/ai oaeaea
aeaenoaeai na?ioaea?iaea ia o?eaeeiaieyo oeaeetheicu a i?enoonoaee
iaaieueoeo eiee/anoa aiaeu (2,65% io iannu na?ioaea?iaea).
N eciaiaieai noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu cia/eoaeueii
eciaiythony aai naienoaa, iniaaiii ?anoai?eiinoue. Anee i?iaeoeo ieceie
noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee ?anoai?ei oieueei a ?acaaaeaiiuo ?anoai?ao uaei/ae
eee a aiaea, oi n iiauoaieai noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiao
oeaeetheicu ia/eiaao ?anoai?youeny oaeaea e a iiey?iuo i?aaie/aneeo
?anoai?eoaeyo.
?anoai?eiinoue enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu iaeiie e oie aea noaiaie
yoa?eoeeaoeee caaeneo io no?oeoo?u enoiaeiie oeaeetheicu,
oa?aeoa?ecoaiie, a /anoiinoe, oae iacuaaaiie iiia?a/iie
oii?yaei/aiiinoueth. *ai aieueoa i?i/iinoue nayce iaaeaeo
iae?iiieaeoeaie eee yeaiaioaie iaaeiieaeoey?iie no?oeoo?u, oai auoa
noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu, iaiaoiaeeiay aeey
iieiie aai ?anoai?eiinoe. Iiyoiio i?e enaioiaaie?iaaiee oeiieiaie
oeaeetheicu iaiaoiaeeii ?anoiaeiaaoue aieueoaa eiee/anoai CS2, /ai i?e
yoa?eoeeaoeee a oao aea oneiaeyo ae?aaaniie oeaeetheicu.
2. Naienoaa enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu.
Enaioiaaiaou oeaeetheicu eaaei ?aceaaathony i?e aeaenoaee ?acee/iuo
?aaaaioia. Iaeaieaa auno?i e iieii ?aceiaeaiea enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu
i?ienoiaeeo iiae aeaenoaeai ieia?aeueiuo eeneio. A ?acoeueoaoa iaiaiiie
?aaeoeee ieia?aeueiie eeneiou n iao?eaaie nieueth
oeaeetheicienaioiaaiiaie eeneiou auaeaeyaony naiaiaeiay
oeaeetheicienaioiaaiiaay eeneioa, eioi?ay auno?i ?aceaaaaony ia
oeaeetheico e na?ioaea?iae:
S
C6H7O2(OH)2-OC + HCl ( C6H7O2(OH)2-OH + CS2 + NaCl
SNa
Ia yoie ?aaeoeee iniiaaii iieo/aiea aeae?aooeaeetheiciiai aeneiciiai
aieieia ec uaei/iuo ?anoai?ia enaioiaaiaoa.
Iinoaiaiiia ?ac?ooaiea enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu i?ienoiaeeo e i?e
aeaenoaee neaauo i?aaie/aneeo eeneio, a oaeaea aeaoieene oaea?iaea,
niaea?aeauaeny a aicaeooa. Iiyoiio i?e aeeeoaeueiii o?aiaiee
enaioiaaiaou iinoaiaiii ?aceaaathony n auaeaeaieai na?ioaea?iaea.
A aiaeiuo ?anoai?ao enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu i?ienoiaeeo iinoaiaiiue
aeae?ieec iao?eaaie niee oeaeetheicienaioiaaiiaie eeneiou n ia?aciaaieai
naiaiaeiie eeneiou e aa iineaaeothuee ?aniaae ia oeaeetheico e
na?ioaea?iae:
S S
C6H7O2(OH)2-OC + H2O ( C6H7O2(OH)2-OC + NaOH
SNa SH
(
C6H7O2(OH)2-OH + CS2
Iiueaiea enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu i?ienoiaeeo e i?e aeaenoaee
eiioeaio?e?iaaiiuo ?anoai?ia uaei/e:
S
3 C6H7O2(OH)2-OC + 3 NaOH ( 3C6H7O2(OH)2-OH + 2Na2CS3 + Na2CO3
SNa
Ec noaaeeueiuo i?iecaiaeiuo oeaeetheicienaioiaaiiaie eeneiou iaeaieueoee
eioa?an i?aaenoaaeytho niee oeaeetheicienaioiaaiiaie eeneiou n
iieeaaeaioiuie iaoaeeaie, aen -enaioiaaiaou, n?aaeiea yoe?u
aeeoeioaieueiie eeneiou e oeio?aoaiu oeaeetheicu.
?anoai?u enaioiaaiaoia oeaeetheicu a ?acaaaeaiiuo ?anoai?ao uaei/e (oae
iacuaaaiay aeneica) i?eiaiythony aeey iieo/aiey aeneiciuo aieieii e
ieaiie. Ninoaa e naienoaa aeneicu ii?aaeaeytho oneiaey oi?iiaaiey
aieieia e a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie aeeytho ia aai ea/anoai.
Ninoaa aeneicu, i?eiaiyaiie aeey iieo/aiey aeneiciiai aieieia,
oa?aeoa?ecoaony eiioeaio?aoeeae enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu e aeae?ieneaea
iao?ey. Niaea?aeaiea yoeo aauanoa a ?anoai?a iiaeao iaiyoueny a
n?aaieoaeueii oe?ieeo i?aaeaeao. Iau/ii ?anoai?u, i?eiaiyaiua aeey
iieo/aiey aieieia (oae iacuaaaiua i?yaeeeueiua ?anoai?u), niaea?aeao 7,5
– 9% enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu e 6 – 7% aeae?ieneaea iao?ey.
Enaioiaaiaou oeaeetheicu n ( = 25 – 50 iiaoo ?anoai?youeny a
?acaaaeaiiuo ?anoai?ao uaei/e, ia?acoy ?anoai?u ethaie eiioeaio?aoeee e
ayceinoe. Eae e ?anoai?u ae?oaeo iieeia?ia, iniaaiii iieeyeaeo?ieeoia,
aeneica neeueii no?oeoo?e?iaaia oaea i?e n?aaieoaeueii iaaunieie
eiioeaio?aoeee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu a ?anoai?a. I?e noaiaie
iieeia?ecaoeee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu 500 – 600 co?oeoo?e?iaaiea
iaaethaeaaony oaea a 0,3 – 0,5%-iii ?anoai?a. Ayceinoue ?acaaaeaiiuo e,
iniaaiii, eiioeaio?e?iaaiiuo ?anoai?ia enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu, eae e
ae?oaeo iieeia?iuo yeaeo?ieeoia neeueii caaeneo io eiioeaio?aoeee
aeae?ieneaea iao?ey. Oaeaeueiay ayceinoue yeaeeiioeaio?e?iaaiiuo
?acaaaeaiiuo ?anoai?ia enaioiaaiaoa a 0,5%-iii ?anoai?a NaOH
cia/eoaeueii auoa, /ai a 3 – 7%-iuo ?anoai?ao NaOH.
A ioee/ea io ?anoai?ia ae?oaeo yoe?ia oeaeetheicu a iaiiey?iuo,
?anoai?eoaeyo, a oaeaea io iaaeiiaiiea/iuo ?anoai?ia oeaeetheicu,
?anoai?u enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu a ?acaaaeaiiuo ?anoai?ao uaei/e
iaonoie/eau. I?e eo auaea?aeeaaiee i?ienoiaeeo iinoaiaiiia iiueaiea
enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu, /oi i?eaiaeeo e iai?a?uaiiio iiieaeaieth
noaiaie aai yoa?eoeeaoeee. Niioaaonoaaiii eciaiythony e
oeceei-oeie/aneea naienoaa ?anoai?a, a /anoiinoe ayceinoue e
onoie/eainoue e aeaenoaeth yeaeo?ieeoia. Eiiieaen oeie/aneeo e
oeceei-oeie/aneeo i?ioeannia, i?ienoiaeyueo. i?e auaea?aeeaaiee aeneicu,
iineo iacaaiea nic?aaaiey aeneicu.
Nei?inoue iiueaiey aeeoeiea?aiiaoiuo a?oii, iaoiaeyueony a yeaiaioa?iii
caaia iae?iiieaeoeu enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu o ?acee/iuo aoiiia
oaea?iaea (N2, N3 eee N6) a i?ioeanna nic?aaaiey ?acee/ia. Ii aeaiiui
?yaea enneaaeiaaoaeae, eiinoaioa nei?inoe iiueaiey aeeoeiea?aiiaoiuo
a?oii o N2 e N3 a i?ioeanna nic?aaaiey i?eia?ii a 10 ?ac auoa, /ai oao
aea a?oii o N6. Iaeiaei, eae auei a aeaeueiaeoai onoaiiaeaii,
niioiioaiea nei?inoae iouaieaiey aeeoeiea?aiiaoiuo a?oii, iaoiaeyueony o
N2 e N3 e o N6, caaeneo io eiioeaio?aoeee NaOH a aeneica, e oeacaiiia
?acee/ea eiaaony oieueei i?e iacia/eoaeueiie eiioeaio?aoeee NaOH a
aeneica. I?e iiauoaiee eiioeaio?aoeee NaOH a aeneica ?acee/ea a
nei?inoyo iouaieaiey yoeo a?oii oiaiueoaaony, e i?e eiioeaio?aoeee NaOH
a ?anoai?a auoa 20% (/oi i?aeoe/anee ieeiaaea ia eiaao ianoa) nei?inoue
iouaieaiey aeeoeiea?aiiaoiuo a?oii o N6 caiaoii aieueoa, /ai oao aea
a?oii o N2 e N3.
Ia?yaeo n iiueaieai oeiea?aiiaoiuo a?oii, i?ioaeathuei ii noaia:
i?ienoiaeeo aeiiieieoaeueiay yoa?eoeeaoeey oeaeetheicu auaeaeythueiny
na?ioaea?iaeii, aneaaenoaea /aai a i?ioeanna nic?aaaiey iiauoaaony
oeie/aneay iaeii?iaeiinoue enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu.
I?e i?iaaaeaiee nic?aaaiey aeneicu a i?enoonoaee aieiieoia, naycuaathueo
ia?acothuothny i?e iiueaiee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu aeeoeioaieueioth
eeneioo, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai eneeth/aaony aiciiaeiinoue aeiiieieoaeueiie
yoa?eoeeaoeee oeaeetheicu, i?ioeann nic?aaaiey i?ioaeaao cia/eoaeueii
auno?aa, /ai iau/ii; aeeoeiea?aiiaoiua a?oiiu a enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu
iaoiaeyony iinea nic?aaaiey i?aeiouanoaaiii o N6.
Iouaieythueany i?e /anoe/iii iiueaiee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu
na?ioaea?iae e aeae?ieneae iao?ey ?aaae?otho iaaeaeo niaie, ia?acoy
o?eoeiea?aiiao iao?ey e Na2S:
3 CS2 + 6 NaOH ( 2 Na2CS2 + Na2CO3 + 3 H2O
CS2 + 6 NaOH ( 2 Na2S + Na2CO3 + 3 H2O
Ia?aciaaiea yoeo i?iaeoeoia auei aeieacaii niaeo?ioioiiao?e/anee i?e
enneaaeiaaiee nic?aaaiey aeneicu, inaiaiaeaeaiiie io
ieceiiieaeoey?iuo na?ienouo niaaeeiaiee iooai i?iioneaiey /a?ac eiieou.
Ia?acothueany ieceiiieaeoey?iua na?ienoua niaaeeiaiey i?aoa?iaaatho a
i?ioeanna nic?aaaiey ?yae aeiiieieoaeueiuo i?aa?auaiee, a ?acoeueoaoa
eioi?uo a aeneica iaeaieeaathony ia oieueei oeiea?aiiaou, ii e ae?oaea
i?iaeoeou.
Nei?inoue iiueaiey enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu a aeneica caaeneo aeaaiui
ia?acii io eiioeaio?aoeee aeae?ieneaea iao?ey a ?anoai?a e io
oaiia?aoo?u. I?e iiauoaiee eiioeaio?aoeee aeae?ieneaea iao?ey aei
ecaanoiiai i?aaeaea (7 – 8%) aeae?ieec enaioiaaiaoa caiaaeeyaony.
Aeaeueiaeoaa iiauoaiea eiioeaio?aoeee aeae?ieneaea iao?ey a ?anoai?a
i?eaiaeeo e onei?aieth uaei/iiai iiueaiey enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu.
Iiauoaiea oaiia?aoo?u oaeaea i?eaiaeeo e caiaoiiio oaaee/aieth nei?inoe
nic?aaaiey aeneicu.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, a i?ioeanna nic?aaaiey i?ienoiaeeo iai?a?uaiia
iiieaeaiea noaiaie yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu e oaaee/aiea
eiee/anoaa na?ienouo niaaeeiaiee.
Oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa aeeoeiea?aiiaoiuo a?oii a iae?iiieaeoea
enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu i?eaiaeeo e iiieaeaieth nieueaaoaoeee e
niioaaonoaothuaio oiaiueoaieth onoie/eainoe ?anoai?a enaioiaaiaoa e
aeaenoaeth yeaeo?ieeoia. Onoie/eainoue ?anoai?a enaioiaaiaoa
oeaeetheicu e aeaenoaeth yeaeo?ieeoia oa?aeoa?ecoao oae iacuaaaioth
c?aeinoue aeneicu, yaeythuothny iaeiie ec iniiaiuo aa oaoie/aneeo
oa?aeoa?enoee. *ai ieaea noaiaiue yoa?eoeeaoeee enaioiaaiaoa,
iaoiaeyuaainy a aeneica, oai iaiueoa yeaeo?ieeoa o?aaoaony aeey
aunaaeeaaiey enaioiaaiaoa oeaeetheicu ec ?anoai?a e oai auoa c?aeinoue
aeneicu.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiuo enoi/ieeia:
?iaiaei C.A. Oeiey oeaeetheicu.-I.:Oeiey, 1972.-520n.
Oeaeetheica e a? i?iecaiaeiua / Iiae ?aae. I.Aaeeeca,
E.Naaaea.-I.:Ie?,1974.-O.1-2.
?iaiaei C.A., Aaeuea?aeo E.A. Oeie/aneea i?aa?auaiey e iiaeeoeeaoeey
oeaeetheicu.-I.:Oeiey, 1979.-206n.
Oa?eia A.E., Aeae?ieeciia i?iecaiaenoai, o. 1, AEOE 1945; o.2, AEOE,
1948; O.3 AEOE, 1950.
Aea?aaeoeeay A.A., Aeieoi?neay aeenna?oaoeey, Einoeooo oeiee i?e?iaeiuo
niaaeeiaiee AI NNN?, Iineaa, 1962.
Aaneeueaa A.A., Iaeai?iaea A.E.// Oei. Aieieia, 1966, ?5,28
Pastcka M., Faserforsch. U. Textiltechn., 14, 141 (1963).
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