Aaaaeaiea
?aeoeoeeaoeey – ianniiaiaiiue i?ioeann, eioi?ue inouanoaeyaony a
i?ioeaioi/iuo eieiiiuo aiia?aoao n eiioaeoiuie yeaiaioaie (ianaaeee,
oa?aeee). A i?ioeanna ?aeoeoeeaoeee i?ienoiaeeo iai?a?uaiue iaiai
iaaeaeo aeeaeeie e ia?iaie oacie. AEeaeeay oaca iaiaauaaony aieaa
aunieieeiyuei eiiiiiaioii, a ia?iaay oaca – aieaa ieceieeiyuei. I?ioeann
ianniiaiaia i?ienoiaeeo ii anae aunioa eieiiiu iaaeaeo noaeathuae aiec
oeaaiie e iiaeieiathueiny aaa?o ia?ii. *oi eioaineoeoee?iaaoue i?ioeann
ianniiaiaia i?eiaiytho eiioaeoiua yeaiaiou, /oi iicaieyao oaaee/eoue
iiaa?oiinoue ianniiaiaia. A neo/aa i?eiaiaiey ianaaeee aeeaeeinoue
noaeaao oiieie ieaieie ii aa iiaa?oiinoe, a neo/aa i?eiaiaiey oa?aeie
ia? i?ioiaeeo /a?ac neie aeeaeeinoe ia iiaa?oiinoe oa?aeie. A aeaiiie
?aaioa i?eaaaeai ?an/ao oa?aeue/aoie ?aeoeoeeaoeeiiiie eieiiiu aeey
?acaeaeaiey aeia?iie niane aaicie – oieoie.
1 Iniaaiiinoe ?an/aoa oa?aeue/aoie ?aeoeoeeaoeeiiiie eieiiiu
Eae i?aaeei, ?an/ao ?aeoeoeeaoeeiiiie eieiiiu i?iecaiaeeony aeey
caaeaiiuo: ninoaaa enoiaeiie niane, eoaiaiai inoaoea, aeenoeeeyoa,
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe e ?aai/ai aeaaeaiee a eieiiia.
A ia/aea ii?aaeaeyaony iaoa?eaeueiue aaeain eieiiiu e ?aai/aa
oeaaiiaia /enei. Aeey yoiai eniieuecoaony aeeaa?aiia y -x . Caoai
iiaeae?aaony oei oa?aeie, ii?aaeaeyaony nei?inoue ia?a , aeeaiao?
eieiiiu, eiyooeoeeaiou ianniia?aaea/e, aunioa eieiiiu, aeae?aaee/aneia
nii?ioeaeaiea oa?aeie . Iinea yoiai iiaeii i?iaanoe ?an/ao
yenieoaoaoeeiiiuo naienoa, a oaeaea yeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee aa
eniieueciaaiey.
2 I?eia? ?an/aoa ?aeoeoeeaoeeiiiie eieiiiu aeey ia?aaiiee niane aaicie
– oieoie
Aeey i?eia?a, ?ann/eoaai eieiiio i?e niaea?aeaiee eaaeieaoo/aai
eiiiiiaioa (o.a. aaiciea) a enoiaeiie niane 35%(iann.), a aeenoeeeyoa
98%, a eoaiaie aeeaeeinoe 1,7%. I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue ii enoiaeiie niane
5ea/n.
2.1 Iaoa?eaeueiua ?an/aou
2.1.1 Iaoa?eaeueiue aaeain eieiiiu
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue ii aeenoeeeyoo P e eoaiaiio inoaoeo W
ii?aaeaeyaony ec o?aaiaiey iaoa?eaeueiiai aaeaina ?aeoeoeeaoeeiiiie
eieiiiu:
(1)
Ioeoaea:
(2)
(3)
Ana ?an/aou a aeaiiii neo/aa aaaeoony aeey eaaeieeiyuaai eiiiiiaioa, a
cia/eo o anoue eiioeaio?aoeey aaiciea. Aeey aeaeueiaeoeo ?an/aoia
iaiaoiaeeii ia?an/eoaoue ninoaau oac ec ianniauo a iieueiua ii
niioiioaieth :
(4)
– ianniaay aeiey eiiiiiaioa A, % (iann.)
Iiaenoaaea iieueiua iannu aaiciea e oieoiea iieo/aai:
2.1.2 Ii?aaeaeaiea ?aai/aai oeaaiiaiai /enea
Iaa?ocee ?aeoeoeeaoeeiiiie eieiiiu ii ia?o e aeeaeeinoe ii?aaeaeythony
cia/aieai ?aai/aai oeaaiiaiai /enea R. Oeaaiiaia /enei yaeyao niaie
ioiioaiea eiee/anoaa oeaaiu e eiee/anoao aeenoeeeyoa. Iii iiaeao
iaoiaeeoueny a eioa?aaea io Rmin aei (. I?e ieieiaeueiii oeaaiiaii /enea
iiaeii iieo/eoue iaeneiaeueiia eiee/anoai aeenoeeeyoa, ii /enei oa?aeie
noaiiaeony aaneiia/ii aieueoei. Anee oeaaiiaia /enei i?eiyoue ?aaiui
aaneiia/iinoe, oi iieo/eony, /oi eieiiia ?aaioaao naia ia naay. I?e
oeaaiiaii /enea iaiueoa ieieiaeueiiai iu ie i?e eaeeo oneiaeyo ia
niiaeai iieo/eoue eiia/iue i?iaeoeo n caaeaiiuie naienoaaie.
?enoiie SEQ ?enoiie \* ARABIC 1
Aeeaa?aiia “aeeaeeinoue-ia?” aeey niane aaicie-oieoie
Aiiaua oeaaiiaia /enei io?aaeaao oaie iaeeiia ?aai/ae eeiee e ine
aanoeenn aeey aa?oiae /anoe eieiiiu e aoiaey a o?aaiaiea ?aai/ae eeiee.
O?aaiaiea ?aai/ae eeiee aeey aa?oiae /anoe eieiiiu auaeyaeeo eae:
(5)
yD , eae ai?i/ai e yW ii?aaeaeythony ?aaiuie xD e xW niioaaonoaaiii.
Eia/a aiai?y i?aaeiieaaaaony /oi ninoaa ia?iaie e aeeaeeie oacu
iaeeiaeia eae aeey ieca oae e aeey aa?oa eieiiiu. Ana yoi iiaeii
oaeaeaoue ia ?enoiea 1.
Ieieiaeueiia oeaaiiaia /enei ii?aaeaeyaony ii neaaeothuae oi?ioea:
(6)
– iieueiay aeiey nie?oa a ia?a, iaoiaeyuainy a ?aaiiaanee n enoiaeiie
nianueth, ii?aaeaeyaony ii y-x aeeaa?aiia .
Oiaaea:
?aai/aa cia/aiea oeaaiiaiai /enea i?eiai ?aaiui 2,1. Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey
?aai/aai oeaaiiaiai /enea nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, iu eo
oioneaai, ii eo iiaeii iaeoe a [3].
2.1.3 Iino?iaiea ?aai/ae eeiee ia aeeaa?aiia “aeeaeeinoue – ia?”.
?aai/ay eeiey i?ioeanna ?aeoeoeeaoeee, a ioee/ea io i?ioeanna
aani?aoeee, i?aaenoaaeyao niaie niaieoiiinoue ?aai/eo eeiee aeey aa?oiae
e aeey ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu e oa?aeoa?ecoaony eceiiii a oi/ea
niioaaonoaothuae ninoaao ieoaoaeueiie niane.
Aeey aa?oiae /anoe eieiiiu iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny o?aaiaieai (5), a
aeey ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu nouanoaoao o?aaiaiea:
(6)
Aeae ?aai/ae eeiee i?aaenoaaeai ia ana oii aea ?enoiea 1.
2.1.4 Ii?aaeaeaiea n?aaeiaai ianniaiai ?anoiaea ii aeeaeeinoe
N?aaeiea ianniaua ?anoiaeu ii aeeaeeinoe aeey aa?oiae e ieaeiae /anoae
eieiiiu ii?aaeaeythony ec niioiioaiee :
(7)
(8)
Iieueiay ianna aeeaeeinoe a aa?oiae e ieaeiae /anoyo eieiiiu
niioaaonoaaiii
?aaia :
(9)
(10)
aaea Ia e Io – iieueiua iannu aaiciea e oieoiea
xn?.a e xn?.i – n?aaeiee iieueiue ninoaa aeeaeeinoe niioaaonoaaiii a
aa?oiae e ieaeiae /anoyo eieiiiu:
Oiaaea
Aiaeiae/ii iaoiaeeony iieueiay ianna enoiaeiie niane:
Iieueioth ianno aeenoeeeyoa iiaeii i?eiyoue ?aaiie iieueiie ianna
aaiciea.
Iiaenoaaea ?acoeueoaou niioiioaiey a (7) e (8) iieo/aai:
2.1.5 Ii?aaeaeaiea n?aaeiaai ianniaiai ?anoiaea ii ia?o
N?aaeiea ianniaua iioiee ia?a a aa?oiae e ieaeiae /anoyo eieiiiu
niioaaonoaaiii ?aaiu :
(11)
(12)
– n?aaeiea iieueiua iannu ia?ia a aa?oiae e ieaeiae /anoyo eieiiiu:
(13)
(14)
aaea n?aaeiea cia/aiey ninoaaa ia?iaie oacu ?ann/eouaathony aiaeiae/ii
aeeaeeie oaca e ?aaiu:
Oiaaea ec oi?ioe (13) e (14) neaaeoao
Iiaenoaaea ?acoeueoaou a (11) e (12) iieo/aai:
2.2 Nei?inoue ia?a e aeeaiao? eieiiiu
Ia yoie noaaeee iaiaoiaeeii aua?aoue oei oa?aeee. Iineieueeo
i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi aeeaeeinoue ia niaea?aeeo acaaoaiiuo /anoeoe
auaa?ai eniieuecoai neo/aoua oa?aeee.
Aeiionoeiay nei?inoue a aa?oiae e ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu ii?aaeaeyaony ii
oi?ioea:
(15)
Iineieueeo ieioiinoe aaiciea e oieoiea aeecee, oi ieioiinoue aeeaeeie
oacu iiaeao auoue i?eaeeaeaiii ii?aaeaeaia eae 796 ea/i3.
N?aaeiyy ieioiinoue ia?a aeey ieaeiae e aeey aa?oiae /anoe eieiiiu
iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeaia ii oi?ioea:
(16)
aaea t – oaiia?aoo?a aeey aa?oiae eee aeey ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu.
Oaiia?aoo?a a eieiiia, a naith i/a?aaeue, ii?aaeaeyaony ii
aeeaa?aiia t – x,y, eioi?oth iiaeii oaeaeaoue ia ?enoiea 2.
?enoiie SEQ ?enoiie \* ARABIC 2
Aeeaa?aiia t – x,y
Ii n?aaeiei ninoaaai oac ii?aaeaeei oaiia?aoo?o a aa?oiae /anoe eieiiiu
89(N, a ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu 102(N.
Oiaaea ii oi?ioea (16) ?ann/eouaaai ieioiinoue ia?iaie oacu
niioaaonoaaiii a ieaeiae e aa?oiae /anoe eieiiiu.
Nae/an iiaeii ?ann/eoaoue aeiionoeiua nei?inoe eae a aa?oiae, oae e a
ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu:
Aeeaiao? eieiiiu iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeai ii oi?ioea:
(17)
Aeeaiao? eieiiiu i?eieiaaony iaeeiaeiaui ii anae aa aunioa e eae i?aaeei
?aaai aieueoaio ec ii?aaeaeaiiuo. Iaeiaei, a aeaiiii neo/aa ?acee/ey
iaaeaeo nei?inoyie a aa?oiae e ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu ia aaeeee iiyoiio
iiaeii eniieueciaaoue n?aaeiea cia/aiey:
Iiaenoaaea eo a oi?ioeo (17) iieo/ei:
i
I?eiya noaiaea?oiue ?acia? iaa/aeee ?aaiui 1,8i ooi/iei ?aai/oth
nei?inoue ia?a. Iia aoaeao ?aaiie 0,82i/n.
Ia aeaiiii yoaia iaiaoiaeeii aua?aoue oa?aeeo ec ?yaea noaiaea?oiuo.
Iioneay i?ioeann auai?a, ioiaoei, /oi yoi oa?aeea ON-? n ieaea
i?eaaaeaiiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie:
Aeeaiao? ioaa?noee a oa?aeea d0 8ii
Oaa iaaeaeo ioaa?noeyie t 15ii
Naiaiaeiia na/aiea oa?aeee Fc 18,8%
Aunioa ia?aeeaiiai ii?iaa hia? 30ii
Oe?eia ia?aeeaiiai ii?iaa b 1050ii
?aai/aa na/aiea oa?aeee So 2,294i2
Nei?inoue ia?a a ?aai/ai na/aiee oa?aeee:
2.3 Ii?aaeaeaiea auniou eieiiiu
Eiee/anoai oa?aeie a eieiiia iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeaii eeai ii /eneo
oai?aoe/aneeo oa?aeie, eeai ii eeiaoe/aneie e?eaie.
2.3.1 Ii?aaeaeaiea auniou eieiiiu ii /eneo oai?aoe/aneeo oa?aeie
Nooue yoiai iaoiaea naiaeeony e iino?iaieth nooiaiae ia aeeaa?aiia y –
x. Eaaeaeay nooiaiue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaeio oa?aeeo. I?e iino?iaiee
i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi ia eaaeaeie oa?aeea aeinoeaaaony ?aaiiaanea iaaeaeo
aeeaeeie e ia?iaie oacie. ?aaeecaoeeth yoiai iaoiaea iiaeii oaeaeaoue ia
?enoiea 3
?enoiie SEQ ?enoiie \* ARABIC 3
Ii?aaeaeaiea /enea oai?aoe/aneeo oa?aeie
Eae aeaeii /enei oai?aoe/aneeo oa?aeie a aeaiiii neo/aa ninoaaeyao 8
aeey ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu e 7 aeey aa?oiae, a noiia 15. Aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiiai /enea oa?aeie yoi /enei iaiaoiaeeii
iiaeaeeoue ia e.i.ae. ioaeaeueii acyoie oa?aeee. Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi
nouanoaotho iaoiaeu ioeaiee e.i.ae. oa?aeie, yoio iaoiae ia yaeyaony
oi/iui, iineieueeo aeey eaaeaeie oa?aeee e.i.ae. iiaeao ioee/aoueny io
n?aaeiaai.
Aunioa eieiiiu ii?aaeaeyaony enoiaey ec /enea aeaenoaeoaeueiuo oa?aeie e
?annoiyiey iaaeaeo oa?aeeaie. Iau/ii ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo oa?aeeaie
noaiaea?oeciaaii e iiaeao auoue aua?aii ec eaoaeiaa.
2.3.2 Ii?aaeaeaiea auniou eieiiiu ii eeiaoe/aneie e?eaie
Aeaiiue iaoiae oi/iaa /ai i?aaeuaeouee. Ii ninoieo a ii?aaeaeaiee
yooaeoeaiinoe oa?aeie ii Iy?oe n o/aoii i?iaeieueiiai ia?aiaoeaaiey,
iaaeoa?aeue/aoiai oiina e aeiee aaeiane?othuae aeeaeeinoe. Aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey cia/aiee yooaeoeaiinoe oa?aeie eniieuecothony
e?eoa?eaeueiua o?aaiaiey, eioi?ua caeanue ia i?eaiaeyony, aneaaenoaea
eo a?iiicaeeinoe e oceie niaoeeaeecaoeee.
Ciay yooaeoeaiinoue ii Iy?oe, iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eiioeaio?aoeeth
eaaeieaoo/aai eiiiiiaioa a ia?a ia auoiaea ec oa?aeee ye ii
niioiioaieth:
(18)
Enoiaey ec yoie oi?ioeu ia aeeaa?aiia y – x no?ieony eeiaoe/aneay
e?eaay, i?aaenoaaeythuay niaie caaeneiinoue ye io x , a caoai aiaeiae/ii
i?aaeuaeouaio iaoiaeo a?aoe/anee auno?aeaathony nooiaie. A?aoe/aneoth
eeethno?aoeeth yoiai iaoiaea iiaeii oaeaeaoue ia ?enoiea 4.
?enoiie SEQ ?enoiie \* ARABIC 4
Iino?iaiea eeiaoe/aneie e?eaie e ii?aaeaeaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiiai /enea
oa?aeie
A eoiaa iu iieo/eee 9 oa?aeie a ieaeiae /anoe eieiiiu e 9 a aa?oiae.
I?eiya ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo oa?aeeaie 0,5i, ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo ieaeiae
oa?aeeie e aeiii 2i, ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo aa?oii eieiiiu e aa?oiae
oa?aeeie 1i, iieo/ei iieioth aunioo eieiiiu 11,5i.
Caeeth/aiea
Iu e?aoei iienaee i?ioeann ?an/aoa ?aeoeoeeaoeeiiiie eieiiiu aeey
?acaeaeaiey aeia?iuo nianae. I?ioeann ?an/aoa eee i?iaeoe?iaaiey ia yoii
ia caeai/eaaaony. A aeaeueiaeoai ?ann/eouaaaony aeae?aaee/aneia
nii?ioeaeaiea eieiiiu e iiaeae?aaony aniiiiaaoaeueiay aiia?aoo?a.
Iaeiaei, noieo ioiaoeoue, /oi aeey ianniiaiaiiiai i?ioeanna, eiei
yaeyaony i?ioeann ?aeoeoeeaoeee, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaiaoiaeeii
iienaoue iaiai iaaeaeo oacaie. Aeaeaaony yoi i?e iiiiue aeeaa?aiiu
ninoiyiey “aeeaeeinoue-ia?”, eioi?ie iu iuoaeenue oaeaeeoue iiauoaiiia
aieiaiea, auoue iiaeao, a oua?a ae?oaei, ia iaiaa aaaeiui noi?iiai
i?ioeanna.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
Aaeueia?ei I.E. Iniiaiua i?ioeannu eaiia?aou oeie/aneie oaoiieiaee – I.:
Oeiey, 1981.
Eoaoeineee I.I.,Niaieaaa A.I. Eo?niaia i?iaeoe?iaaiea ii i?aaeiaoo
“I?ioeannu e aiia?aou oeie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe”. I.: Aunoay oeiea,
1980.
Iniiaiua i?ioeannu e aiia?aou oeie/aneie oaoiieiaee: Iiniaea ii
i?iaeoe?iaaieth/A.N. Ai?enia, A.I. A?ueia, TH.E. Aeuoia?neee e ae?. Iiae
?aae. TH.E. Aeuoia?neiai, I.:Oeiey, 1991.
Iaaeia E.O., ?iiaieia I.A., Iineia A.A. I?eia?u e caaea/e ii eo?no
i?ioeannia e aiia?aoia oeie/aneie oaoiieiaee. O/aaiia iiniaea aeey
aocia/Iiae ?aae. /e.-ei??. AI NNN? I.A. ?iiaieiaa. E.:Oeiey, 1987.
PAGE
PAGE 3
R=1,68
R=2,1
R=(
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter