«NAEAEOeEss»
IEAI:
*oi oaeia naeaeoeey?
Ec enoi?ee ?acaeoey naeaeoeee.
Naeaeoeey a ?anoaieaaiaenoaa.
Naeaeoeey a aeeaioiiaiaenoaa.
Naeaeoeey iee?ii?aaieciia.
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U:
Aeieiae/aneee yioeeeeiiaaee/aneee neiaa?ue, I., 1989;
Naeueneioicyenoaaiiue yioeeeeiiaaee/aneee neiaa?ue, I., 1989;
Na?aa?ianeee A.N., Naeaeoeey ?anoaiee e aeeaioiuo, I., 1969;
*oi oaeia naeaeoeey? Naeaeoeey yoi – iaoea i iaoiaeao nicaeaiey ni?oia
e aea?eaeia naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo ?anoaiee, ii?iae aeeaioiuo, ooaiiia
iee?ii?aaieciia. Oaeaea naeaeoeeae iacuaatho io?aneue
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, caieiathuothny auaaaeaieai ni?oia
e aea?eaeia ?acee/iuo eoeueoo?, ii?iae aeeaioiuo. Naeaeoeey
?ac?aaaouaaao niiniau aicaeaenoaey ia ?anoaiey e aeeaioiuo n oeaeueth
eciaiaiey eo ianeaaenoaaiiuo ea/anoa a ioaeiii aeey /aeiaaea
iai?aaeaiee. Naeaeoeey yaeyaony iaeiie ec oi?i yaiethoeee ?anoeoaeueiiai
e aeeaioiiai ie?a, eioi?ay iiae/eiyaony oai aea caeiiai, /oi e
yaiethoeey aeaeia a i?e?iaea, ii anoanoaaiiue ioai? caeanue /anoe/ii
caiaiai eneonnoaaiiui ioai?ii.
Oai?aoe/aneay iniiaa naeaeoeey – aaiaoeea e ?ac?aaaouaaaiua ath
caeiiiia?iinoe ianeaaenoaaiiinoe e eciai/eainoe i?aaieciia.
Yaiethoeeiiiay oai?ey *a?eueca Aea?aeia, caeiiu A?aai?e Iaiaeaey, o/aiey
i /enouo eeieyo e iooaoeeyo iicaieeee naeaeoeeiia?ai ?ac?aaioaoue
iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey ianeaaenoaaiiinoueth ?anoeoaeueiuo e aeeaioiuie
i?aaieciia. Aieueooth ?ieue a naeaeoeeiiiie i?aeoeea ea?aao
aea?eaeieiae/aneee aiaeec.
Naeaeoeeiiiue i?ioeann ?acaeaaaony ia o?e io?anee: naeaeoeey a
?anoaieaaiaenoaa, naeaeoeey a aeeaioiiaiaenoaa e naeaeoeey
iee?ii?aaieciia.
Naeaeoeey a ?anoaieaaiaenoaa
I?eieoeaiay naeaeoeey ?anoaiee aicieeea iaeiia?aiaiii n caieaaeaeeai.
Ia/aa aicaeaeuaaoue ?anoaiey, /aeiaae noae ioae?aoue, nio?aiyoue e
?aciiiaeaoue eo/oea ec ieo. Iiiaea eoeueoo?iua ?anoaiey aicaeaeuaaeenue
i?eia?ii ca 10 ouny/ eao aei iaoae y?u. Naeaeoeeiia?u ae?aaiinoe
nicaeaee i?ae?aniua ni?oa ieiaeiauo ?anoaiee, aeiia?aaea, iiiaea ni?oa
ioaieoeu, aao/aauo eoeueoo?. Ii cia/eoaeueiia aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea
naeaeoeee ?anoaiee ieacaea ?aaioa caiaaeii-aa?iiaeneeo
naeaeoeeiia?ia-i?aeoeeia 18 aaea, iai?eia?, aiaeeeneeo o/aiuo Aaeeaoa,
Oe?aoa, iaiaoeeiai o/aiiai ?eiiao. Iie nicaeaee ianeieueei ni?oia
ioaieoeu, ?ac?aaioaee niiniau auaaaeaiey iiauo ni?oia. A 1774 iiae
Ia?eaeai iniiaaia naeaeoeeiiiay oe?ia «Aeeueii?ai», naeaeoeeiia?u
eioi?ie ia?auie noaee ioeaieaaoue ioae?aaiua ?anoaiey ii iioiinoao. Ei
oaeaeinue auaanoe ni?oa naoa?iie na?eeu, eioi?ua niaea?aeaee ii/oe a 3
?aca aieueoa naoa?a, /ai enoiaeiua. Yoa ?aaioa aeieacaea ia?iiiia
aeeyiea naeaeoeee ia eciaiaiea i?e?iaeu ?anoaiee a ioaeioth /aeiaaeo
noi?iio. N ?acaeoeai eaieoaeecia a eiioea 18 – ia/aea 19 aaeia a Aa?iia
e Naaa?iie Aia?eea aicieeatho i?iiuoeaiiua naiaiiua oe?iu e e?oiiua
naeaeoeeiiii-naiaiiaiae/aneea i?aaei?eyoey; ca?iaeaeaaony i?iiuoeaiiay
naeaeoeey ?anoaiee, ia ?acaeoea eioi?ie aieueoia aeeyiea ieacaee
aeinoeaeaiey aioaieee, iee?ineiie/aneie oaoieee e ii. ae?.
E a ?innee E.A. Ie/o?ei ia/ae ?aaiou ii naeaeoeee ieiaeiauo eoeueoo?.
Oniaoii i?eiaiea ?yae iiauo i?eaeiaeueiuo iaoiaeia, ii nicaeae iiiai
ni?oia ieiaeiauo e yaiaeiuo eoeueoo?. Aieueoia cia/aiea aeey oai?ee e
i?aeoeee naeaeoeee ?anoaiee eiaee aai ?aaiou ii aea?eaeecaoeee
aaia?aoe/anee ioaeaeaiiuo oi?i. A yoi aea a?aiy a NOA E. A??aaie iooai
ouaoaeueiiai i?iaaaeaiey ne?aueaaiee e niaa?oaiiiai ioai?a nicaeae
oeaeue ?yae iiauo ni?oia ?acee/iuo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo eoeueoo?.
Iaeioi?ua ec ieo ioiineeenue e oi?iai, ?aiaa ia ano?a/aaoeiny a i?e?iaea
(aaneinoi/eiaay neeaa, iaeieth/ea ni?oa aaeaaeee).
A naeaeoeee ?anoaiee iniaia cia/aiea eiatho ?acaeoea iao/iuo iniia
ioai?a e aea?eaeecaoeee, iaoiaeu nicaeaiey enoiaeiiai iaoa?eaea –
iieeieieaeey, yenia?eiaioaeueiue iooaaaiac, aaieieaeey, eeaoi/iay
naeaeoeey, o?iiiniiiay e aaiiay eiaeaia?ey, aea?eaeecaoeey i?ioiieanoia,
eoeueoo?a ca?iaeuoaauo e niiaoe/aneeo eeaoie e oeaiae ?anoaiee;
eco/aiea aaiaoe/aneeo e oeceieiai-aeioeie/aneeo iniia eiioieoaoa,
ianeaaeiaaiea aaaeiaeoeo eiee/anoaaiiuo e ea/anoaaiiuo i?eciaeia (aaeea
e aai aieiieeneioiiai ninoaaa, aee?ia, e?aoiaea, naoa?ia). A nia?aiaiiie
naeaeoeee ?anoaiee a ea/anoaa enoiaeiiai iaoa?eaea eniieuecotho
anoanoaaiiua e aea?eaeiua iiioeyoeee, naiiiiueaiiua eeiee, eneonnoaaiiua
iooaiou e iieeieieaeiua oi?iu. Aieueoeinoai ni?oia naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo
?anoaiee nicaeaii iaoiaeii ioai?a e aioo?eaeaeiaie aea?eaeecaoeee.
Iieo/aiu iooaioiua e iieeieieaeiua ni?oa ca?iiauo, oaoie/aneeo e
ei?iiauo eoeueoo?. Oniao aea?eaeecaoeee a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie
ii?aaeaeyaony i?aaeeueiui iiaeai?ii aeey ne?aueaaiey enoiaeiuo
?iaeeoaeueneee ia?, iniaaiii ii yeieiai-aaia?aoe/aneiio i?eioeeio. I?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe iauaaeeieoue a aea?eaeiii iioiinoaa i?eciaee ianeieueeeo
?iaeeoaeueneeo oi?i eniieuecotho nooiai/aooth aea?eaeecaoeeth. Yoio
iaoiae oe?iei i?eiaiyaony ai anai ie?a. Aeey oneeaiey a aea?eaeiii
iioiinoaa aeaeaaiuo naienoa iaeiiai ec ?iaeeoaeae i?eiaiytho aica?aoiua
ne?aueaaiey. Aeey ni/aoaiey a iaeiii ni?oa i?eciaeia e naienoa ?aciuo
aeaeia eee ?iaeia ?anoaiee i?eiaiytho ioaeaeaiioth aea?eaeecaoeeth.
Naeaeoeey a aeeaioiiaiaenoaa
Ia ?aiieo yoaiao ?acaeoey aeeaioiiaiaenoaa ii?iaeu nicaeaaaeenue a
?acoeueoaoa aanniciaoaeueiiai ioai?a, iiae aeeyieai
i?e?iaeii-yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaee. Ii ia?a iaeiieaiey ciioaoie/aneie
eioi?iaoeee neeaaeuaaeenue ii?aaeaeaiiua iaoiaeu nicaeaiey ii?iae ii
ca?aiaa iaia/aiiie i?ia?aiia ioai?a e iiaeai?a; aeey cae?aieaiey ea/anoa
ia/aee eniieueciaaoue eia?eaeeia (ne?aueaaiea aeeaioiuo iaoiaeyueony a
e?iaiii ?iaenoaa). Oae auaaaeaiu iiiaea ii?iaeu ie?iaiai cia/aiey
(oi?oai?ineay, aieeaiaeneay ii?iaeu e?. ?ia. neioa e ae?.).
A naeaeoeee aeeaioiuo oe?ieia i?eiaiaiea iieo/eee nia?aiaiiua
aaiaoe/aneea iaoiaeu, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, aaiaoeea iiioeyoeee, a oaeaea
eiioiiaaiaoeea. ?ac?aaioaiu iaoiaeu eco/aiey eciai/eainoe,
ianeaaeoaiinoe e aaiaoe/aneie ei??aeyoeee i?eciaeia, ioeaiee aaiioeia
aeeaioiuo e ioai?a iethn-aa?eaioia, /oi e iaania/eei aieaa aunieee
iao/ii-iaoiaee/aneee o?iaaiue naeaeoeeiiiuo ?aaio.
Oae aea eae e o ?anoaiee, o aeiiaoieo aeeaioiuo iaaethaeaaony yaeaiea
aaoa?icena. Aaoa?icen oe?iei i?eiaiytho a aeeaioiiaiaenoaa e
ioeoeaaiaenoaa, oae eae ia?aia iieieaiea aea?eaeia, iaia?oaeeaathuaa
yaeaiea aea?eaeiie neeu, iaiin?aaenoaaiii eniieuecotho a oicyenoaaiiuo
oeaeyo.
Iniaia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony oaeaea naeaeoeee aeeaioiuo ia oeo/oaiea
ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee – iiauoaiea aaeeiainoe iieiea o iiei/iiai neioa,
oaaee/aiea auoiaea iyna e oiaiueoaiea niaea?aeaiey aee?a a oooa o iyniuo
ii?iae e?. ?ia. neioa e naeiae, iieo/aiea oa?noe iaiaoiaeeiie aeeeiu e
oiieiu o iaaoe e ae?.
Naeaeoeey iee?ii?aaieciia
Iee?ii?aaieciu ea?atho aaaeiaeooth ?ieue a aeecie /aeiaaea. Ia eo iniiaa
nicaeathony aauanoaa, eniieuecoaiua a ?acee/iuo io?aneyo iaaeeoeeiu e
i?iiuoeaiiinoe (i?iecaiaenoai iaeioi?uo i?aaie/aneeo eeneio, nie?oa,
oeaaiia/aiea, aeiiaeaeea iniiaaiu ia aeayoaeueiinoe iee?ii?aaieciia).
Eneeth/eoaeueiia cia/aiea aeey caei?iauey /aeiaaea eiatho aioeaeioeee.
Yoi iniaua aauanoaa – i?iaeoeou aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe iaeioi?uo iee?iaia
e a?eaia, oaeaathuea aieaciaoai?iuo iee?iaia e ae?onia.
Aeey iieo/aiey iaeaieaa i?iaeoeoeaiuo oi?i iee?ii?aaieciia oe?iei
i?eiaiytho iaoiaeu naeaeoeee. Iooai ioai?a auaeaeytho ?anu
iee?ii?aaieciia, iaeaieaa aeoeaii neioace?othuea oio eee eiie
eniieuecoaiue /aeiaaeii i?iaeoeo (aioeaeioee, aeoaiei e ae?.).
Iee?ii?aaieciai naienoaaiia ianeaaenoaaiiay eciai/eainoue (iooaoeey). E
ii yoiio oe?iei eniieuecoaony iaoiae yenia?eiaioaeueiiai iieo/aiey
iooaoeee aeaenoaeai ?aioaaiianeeo e oeueo?aoeieaoiauo eo/ae e iaeioi?uo
oeie/aneeo niaaeeiaiee. Oaeei iooai oaeaaony iiauneoue ianeaaenoaaiioth
eciai/eainoue iee?ii?aaieciia a aeanyoee e nioie ?ac.
Naeaeoeeiiiue i?ioeann ioee/aaony iai?a?uaiinoueth, iaoiaeu aai an?
a?aiy niaa?oainoaothony. Yoi iaoneiaeaii aic?anoathueie o?aaiaaieyie
i?iecaiaenoaa e ni?oai ?anoaiee, ii?iaeai aeeaioiuo e yooaeoeaiinoe
iee?ii?aaieciia.
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