Ai???? ???? ????. N????? ???o ?????ey.
Aic?ano noauaeoa, ii aeinoeaeaiee eioi?iai ianooiaao oaieiaiay
ioaaonoaaiiinoue
N???? i?????y ??o ?? ????? ??, ????a ??????i ????.
A??? – y? ??? ????? ??e, ????? ????i ???e (N.E. I??a).
????tho ??oth?a ????e ????:
– ???????e (?????);
– ??????e (???????);
– ????? (?????e);
– ???????e (?????e).
A??? ???????y a ???e — 18 ?o. N???????, ? ??? ???o, ????o ? ????? 18 ?o
? ?y ???ey, ? ?? n 00 ??a ?y, ??oth?? ? ??, ?????oth?i ?th ???ey.
A ???oth?i O???? ???a a /. 1 no. 20 ???????y ??e ???o ?i??? ???????e n
16 ?o – «????e ?a?????? ???? ??, ????a ? ???e ????ey ?????ey ?????????
a????.
I????a ? ??o ?? ????? i?????y. A???, n ????i ????a????a ???? ????e
???????e, ????y?y ??i ????????i ? ??? ????i. I????e ?? ?????e ???y??oe ?
???? ??iy?i ?iy?y. A ???e? ?????a a 1918 a. – 17 ?o; a 1920 a. – 14 ?o;
a 1929 – 16 ?o; a 1935 – 12 ?o; a 1941 a. – 14 ?o.
O?, ??????a OeEE e NIE NNN? ? 7 ??ey 1935 a. «I ??o ??? n ??o???ueth ??e
?????????» ??????i ????th ???????ue ?????????, ???y n 12-???i ????, a
??? ????ey ?e ??e, ???e, ???? ?????e, ???, ???a ?e i??? ????.
O?c I????a A????i N??a NNN? ? 31 ?y 1941 a. «Ia ????e ???????e
?????????» ????e, ?i ? ?a ?????ey, ? ???????a a ??????e OeEE e NIE NNN?
? 7 ??ey 1935 a. e O?? I????a A????i N??a NNN? ? 10 ???y 1940 a.,
????????? ????th?y e ????e ???????e, ???y n 14 ?o.
A ??i ? ???? ??? OE ?O ??a ?????y ??e ???o ????e ???????e – 14 ?o.
E??n ?NON? 1960 ?? ?????? ??e ???o ????e ???????e, ???y n 16 ?o.
Ae???th?e OE ?O ?????i ???? y?o ???o, ??? /. 2 ?. 20 ?????i ????a ????
??????, ? ???a?a ???o ???????ue ????o n 14 ?o (a OE 1960 a. a /. 2 ?. 10
?? ?eth?? 24 ???a, a /. 2 ?. 20 OE ?O 1996 a. – ? 20: ?. ?. 105, 111,
112, 126, 131, 132, 158, 161, 162, 163, 166, /. 2 ?.167, 205, 206, 207,
/. 2 ?.213, 214, 226, 229).
E???e ??? ??????:
1) ?????ue ?????? ????e ?y?y ?y 14,15-??? ?oe;
2) ????ay ????ue (?a ?????ey ???? e ????yi ???e oy??e, oy??, ??i oy??);
3) ????????y ??????? (?eth?? ? ?????ey, ???a ?? ??i ?a??th?y ?????e –
??e, ???e, ???, e?????ey e o. ae.).
E ?? ? ????? ????o ?????? ????y ???????ue ????o ? ????? 18 ?o (????, ?.
?. 150, 151; ???? ?????ey).
O?????a 14-???i ???? a ???? ?????i «???» ????e ???????e ??????o ??ith
????i-???????? ???ey ?????????, ????o ????a ?????? ????e ??????, ??????o
a /.2 ?. 20OE ???e, ???? ??i?? ?a a y?i ????. A ?y? n y?i ???ue ?????i-
???????? ???ey ?????y ?????i ?y ??uy??ey e ????????? ????ey i ??th??e
?????oth?o ??? ????y.
I?????? ?ae?i y?y?ny ??? ?????y ???? ??, ?????? ?????i ???a ?y?a, ??? ??
?i ???ey (??i, ?nyoe, ?ae). A??n ???ny ia ????e ????? (???o, ??????i i
????), ?? (?e ? ?????) ? ????e ??th/a?y ???i- ?ae???? y????u. Ae???tho
??oth?a ???a ?????y ????:
· E?i ????y ????i ????? a ??? ???? n ??? ??oth?o ? ?? ???ey ??e.
· I? ????? ?????, ?????yth?o ?? ???ey, ??a? ???ony 31 ???y ??, ?????
y????e.
· I? ????? ???i ?? ???ey, ????? y????e, ???o ???? ? ???????i ?e ??????
???? ??.
I?a???yi ????e ???????e ????????eo ??y?? ?????y ??a 14 I?? ??e OE ?O, a
?e ???ey?ny, ??a ?? ?????? ??? ? ??o ???y?ny e ?????????.
OE ?O ? ???????o ?????o ??a ????y, ???y?? ??? e ?????????i. A??a n ?i ?
??a ???i?, ???????o ?. 44 OE ?O, a ????e ????????? ??o ???y?ny ?oue ??ue
??a, ??????o a ?. 88 OE ?O, ???a ? ???? ??o ??????ue a ?? «O???ay
???????ue ?????????».
Niy??? ???????e ????????? ?uy?y?ny ?i, ?i ????????? – y? ? ??????ayny
????. Ii ?a ? a ??? ?? ??? ?? ??o i ???? ?????o ? ????. I????e ???o
?????o ? ?i ????a ?????? ????e.
I????????? ???th?y ??, ?o?? ? ???e ????ey ?????ey ??e??? ??????, ? ?
?????ue ?????? ?o (/. 1 ?. 87 OE). OE ?O ???a ?? ?????a ?????????i ?? a
????-???? ????e.
E?e, ????y ???????ue ?? ????o n 16 ?o, a a ??ayo, ???i???? /. 2 ?. 20 OE
?O, – n 14 ?o.
O???y ????????a ????? ?????? ??????-??? e ????? ????a?e ????? ?????
??????e, /. 3 ?. 20 OE ?O ??????o: «A?e ????????? ?n?a ????, ????????
??? ?e ?i?e ??ueth ??iy?e ???, ? ????? ????ey a ?????i ????, ? ?y??? n
?????i ??????i, ? ??y ????ey ?????i ???? ?y?y ? ?a a ??? i?a ?????
?????e ???? e ?????oth ????ue n?? ???? (?????y) ?? ????? ?e, ? ? ????
????e ????????.
A????y ???y??? ???????y ?e???e ?????e (???a ????ey a ?e???? ????, ??y???
n ?????i ??????i), th????? (?? ? ??i a ??? ?? ????? ?e ????? ???ey?),
????e (? ??y ????ey ?????ey).
C???a ???????? ???ey ? ?i?a ???? ?e ??????i ???? e???ny ??????i, ???e
??? ????? ?oe???e ?e ??????? ??????th. A?????? ????? ??iy?y ?????y:
· ??????? ??????th (???a ??, ???a n ??u?, ?i ??o e ????? ???ey, eth?e,
???);
· i?????i ?????i (??a ???? ????i ??atho ??? ???a, ?i ????ny a ???ie
????? «???i ??????i ????);
· «????e ??e???» (???a, ???a, ?????a). I????, ?????a ?? ??? eth?e, ????
e ??????? ?????, a ??? e ???? a ???ey.
I?e?a ?????e ??????? ???ey? ???ay ?????y ????i-???????y y????a, ??th??a
???e ???? ????? ???ea e ?????eth a ?????? n ???e ???????? ??i.
E ??? ????e ?oe OE ?O ? ???????o ???o ?? ????- ????i ????a. I? ??o ??
???? a ??. ???-??????? ????ey ????i o?a, ??? y? ?? ? ??o ????- ????i
????a.
O?? ???i, ? ?????e ??? i ???? ???? ?????ey e a ?y? n y?i ?????e ????e
???o???? ?????????.
Niaoeeaeueiue noauaeo i?anooieaiey
??????? ?? ?e ???? ???? ?????ey — ?? ?????, ??y??, ????a ???????? a
????i ??? ????, – ???e ???o ???? ?????ey. Y? ?y????a ???ee ???i ???a
?????ey. Iiy?? a ??? ????? ??a ??e ???o ???a?y ??i ????i.
I??i a I???? ??e O?e??? ???a ???ath?y ???u ??????, ????i ???o ??o ?? ?
eth?a ?oei, a ??? ?????ay ????y ?oe, ????, ??????? (?. ?. 334-352 OE); ?
?ae??? ??i ?????? ?? ????a y?y?ny ??a ??i. O?, ??a?i ?. ?. 299-302, 305
OE ?O ????? ?????? ??o ?? ?? ???i-?????? e ?a????a ????e (??e,
????u, ?????e, ?????a ??????a ??????? ????a, ????? ??o ?e ????? e ?.).
Ii ?. 264 OE ?O ???????ue ??o ??e ??? ??, ???yth?a ??????????e ?????. Ca
???????th ??? ???????ue ??o ??? ???? ?O (?. 275 OE). Ca ????? ??? ????
??o ???? ??? ?????a ????e (?. 124 OE).
I???? y? ??, ??y? n ???, ?y????? ????? ???? ?atho ?a e ???, ?????a ????,
???????a a ????o ??ueyo I???? ??e OE, ?e ???th?y ?????? ????? ?????ey.
O?? ???i, ?????e ???o ?????ey – ?????, ??y?? ??, ????a ????? a ????i ???
???? e ?????oth??y ?a e ???e ?????, ???????? a ????o ??ueyo I???? ??e OE
?O.
N????? ???o ?????? ?? ?oe, ???a?o ?????th e ????e ????a???.
A? ???? ?????? ???? ?????ey, ???a ???ath?y a ????i ??i?????a, ?????? e
??o ?? ?????u ??? ??iy?????, ?e:
1) ????, ?????oth?a ???? ????a ?? (????? – ?. 275 OE, ?? ?c ?????a,
?????e ????i ??o ?oue ????? e ???????e ? ???ae – ?. 276 OE);
2) ???????a ???? (?e – ?. 131 OE, ?????a ????y: ????y ? ??? ????a ?. 157
OE, ???o – ?. ?. 150, 151 OE e o. ae.);
3) ????, ?????oth?a ?????a ????a (??? ??, ???th?a ???????th ????ue, ??o
?? ????? e ???????e ? ????a ?y?e ?.290 OE);
4) ????a e ???e ???: ?c????i ?.338 OE ?O e ?.
5) ???????? ?y???? ??: ???a?a ??? ???? ?. 124 OE ?O.
I?y?a ?????? ???? ?????ey ?????i ????? ????o ??????, ?????? ???o a
?????? n ???iey? ??? ??o ????ue ?? ???e, ???th?e ????? ????? ?e ??n??e.
I???e ?e ?????e, ?????oth?a ?????o ????a a ???a ? ??o ????a, ???????o a
I?? ??e OE ?O, ??a? a ??? I???? ??e ?e ????e??a ?????oth?o ???? ??????.
N????? ???o ?e ??????? ???e y???a ???a ?????ey ?a? ??? ????:
· A?e ???? ?????? ???? ?eth?? ???i a ???? ??? ?????ey, ? ?e ???y?y
?y?????.
· I???e ???e??i ???? ?????ey ??o ?? ?eth?? a ??? n ?y?ath?? ??iy?????.
· N????? ???o ??i ??????o ???? ?????a e ?y?? ??o ????ue ?e ??iy????,
?y?ath?a ????th ???????ue.
E?e, ? ?????e ?iy?a ?????? ???oa ?????ey. I?y?a ?????? ???? ?????ey
?????ny ? ????a ??? ???? e ???????i ?????? ????, ????? a ??? I???? ??e
Oa???? ???a.
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