N????a
A???a
A?? 1. N???ue ?????ey, ????a?y ??? ??e e ???uey
1.1 I?y?a e ???? ?????ey
1.2 I?ay ??????? ?????? ??? ??e e ???uey
A?? 2. O????a ?????ey ??? ???uey
2.1 O????a ????? oy??i ??a ???ueth
2.2 O????a ????? ??a ???ueth ???e oy??e
2.3 O????a ????? ???i ??a ???ueth
C?eth??a
N??e ?????
A???a
C????ue ????? ??a ?????ey?ny ?i, ?i ? ?? ????o ??????? ????y ???ue ???
?y?y, ????eyth?a ????oth ?????oth ????ue, ???? ?????ey?, ????? ???o ???
?????ue ????ey ??e ???e ?? ???????? ?????y, ???i y?y?ny ???i? ????a.
I???? ????i ?????y ? ??o ? ?? ??ay ???ue ??a. O???? ??i y?y?ny ???,
???eyth?i ?iy?y ?????ey e ????y e ?????ath?i ? ????? e ????y?.
N????? ??iy?a ?????i ???? ???????y ????e? ???i ???i ??????, ?????i
???i-??? ????aath?o ????e e ??????o ? ????eth, ?i ??a ?????? i???? i ?i,
?i ????a ??i y?y?ny ????e ???ueth ??a, i????e ????????? ???? ???i
?iy??eyi ???????? ????y ??y? n ?????????? ??? ??????i, ?????i e y??????i
????a.
Ae??e ??? ??? e ?????? ?a?? ? ??? ?????? ????? (A?????a, A.A. O???? ?a?
???e; Ae????a, A.Ae. O???? ??i ???e; E????, E.A. O???ia ??i ???e).
A?????ue ???i ???a ?????? ??? ?? ??e ??? «Oi???? ????ey oy??i ??a
???ueth».
Oe?ue: ?y?? ???? ?????i ????ey oy??i ??a ???ueth.
C??e:
– ???ue e ???????? ?????? ????e ? ???o ???o;
– ?y?? e ???ue ???? ?????ey, ?????ey ??? ??e e c???y;
– ?y?? e ???ue ???? ?????i ?????ey ??? ???uey.
A?? 1. N???ue ?????ey, ?????ey ??? ??e e ???uey
1.1 I?y?a e ???? ?????ey
I??a??a ?????ey ????ny a ?. 14 OE, a ?????? n ???e ???i??? ????ny ???i
?????a ?????i ???a ?y?a, ?i???? O???? ???? ?ae ???e ????y. A ???
????ath? ???u ???? ?????ey: ?????ay ????ue, ????????, ????? e ??????. A?
y? ???? ?y???? ??? ?? ???e ?????? ?y?th, ??????o ??????i.
Aeay?a — y? ??????e ???, ????th?e ???e ?o ?????i ???? ????y ????. I?
?eth?? ?a ???th??y ? ???? ????th ??u ?????i ???? ????y. A /. 2 ?. 14 OE
?y??i, ?i ?y?a ??o ??ue ??o ???ey (o. a. ????i ????y) ?? ?????y (o. a.
????? ????y, ???th??ny a ?????? ?????i ae???y, ???a ?? ?y?? e ??i
????ue).
E? e ?a ???? (????a) ????, i????a ?y?a ????ey? ??e ?????????? y???. A?
???????y ???a ???????y ???? ?e ????i ??ae??i. A ??? ???????e ???????
eth?? ?y?y ??o ?i????ue. N?????ue y?o ?? ??????e ?y?y ???y? ???ue ?yae
????, ??a ????? ??e ? ?o ??th?? ????a ?yiey ?e ?????i. I????, ?e ?????
?????e ?? a ????? ??????e ?? (?y?a ???????i a ?? ? ????ey a ?ith ??ue
?-? ???ey ???; ?????, ??y??oth?a ??o ???ue ??? ????; ??? ???) ???e ??i
????? ?????e ?????ue. A ?? ???eyo o ?? ??o ??????ue ?????? ?i?i ????y
(????, ?????? ???ey, ???ey ???y??i e?i ??, ? ????? ???? ????e ???????e).
A??n i ????e ?y?y ?????, ??a ?? ??iy?? ????i ???i ?????? ????yi ???y?ny
?e ?????i ?????e, ? ?e y?i ?? ??o ?????ue ?e???ue ??? ???ey? (?. 40 OE),
???ny n ??? ????e ?. 39 OE i ???e ??????e.
C?????ue, ??? e ???????? ?iyo ? ???e ????y ????? ??? ?y?y (???ey,
?????y), ? ??e ? «??? ???», ????e, ?????o ? ????o ?a??a, ????e, «????
??iy?y» ? ?o ??, ?? ?e ? ???y?y ? ???e ?o ?????i ???? ????y ????. O?
????? ?????a ??? (?? ?????? ??i ???? i ????e ????? ???o ? ???) ??i ?
???? ???e ????ey ?????ey. I??i a ?o ??ayo, ??a ?i ????o ?????? ???e
??n???e ????e, ??? ?i ??o ??th ????ue ?? ??iy?? ?i??? ???i ?????? ????yi
e ?iy?y?ny a ????i ???? ????e ??a, ?????? ???? ?i a ?? ?????ey. O?,
????, ???? ?????e y?yth?y ??? ????i (?. 119,296, 309 OE), ??? ????ey
???y ?e ??????e (?. 131 OE).
I?????y ????ue — ?????? ???e ?????ey, ????th?e ?i ????oth ????. I?
?iy?y?ny a ?i, ?i ?????i ???a ?y?a ???y? ?? ?e ???o ??? ????ey ??a ????,
???? ?e ?????o. A ???a ? ?. 7 OE ?NON? ?. 14 OE ? ???? ??i??i ???y ?o
??i ?????? ????e, ???a ?y? ?ae ??oo ????? ???. I????u ??? ??i ???u a ?.
2 OE: ??? ?aa e ??? ???? e ?????, ??????e, ??????i ??y?a e ??????
??????, ???th?e ??u, ???????? ??y ?????e O???? ? ????? ?ny????a, ?????a
?? e ?????? ??????, a ??a ??????? ??????. Ia ??ia ??i ??e ??iy?? ????i
???i ?????? ????e ?n???a ???? ????.
I???? a ?. 2 OE ???u ???? ??? a ?????? n E?????e ?O y?yth?y ????e ????
??? ???. I??i, ??a ? ??? ????y ????ue, ?????i ???y? ?? ????-???? ???.
I?????y ????ue y?y?ny ?????e ?????, a ??????, ?y?yy ?????i ???a ?y?y, ?e
??e E. I??, «? ??? ???a, ? ia ????? ?, a ??? ??????.
I??o??ay ????ue ???????y ?????? e ??????e ?????.
E ??? ???o ???e: ????, ??e??ue ???a ?????ey; ???? e ???ue ??a, ?????? ?e
o??ath?? ???o; ??? ????ey ?????ey (??i, ???a); ?e?ey ??a e ???e ?i
????ey (???a ??y ?e ??ay ????? e ?.). Ei ??? — ??o ??; ???a ????????
???a e ??e (e???, ?????y, ???y, ??????ay ????ue); ??????? ?????e ??,
?????? ?????? (???a, ????? ??o???y ???a e o. i.).
I?????y ????ue ?y?y ?????. Y? ? ?????? ??, ?i ? ?????ey ???o ????a ?????
?y?e e ????e ?????. Aeay?a ??? ? ???, ?i ?i ?e ??? ?i-?, a ???, ?i ?i ?
??e ????? ?? ??i ????a?o ????i ????, ???? e ?????a.
E?a ?????i ???o ?y?e ??iya?y a ?y? n ????i ?????a, ????y? a y????, ????.
I?e ?????i ???a ?y?y ??????oth?y, o. a. ? ? ????? ???????y ????y
???????ue (?. 23 OE «I?????y ??ea ????a ??? a ?????? e ?? ?????y?, ?. 28
OE «I???e?ey a ??a ??ueth??? ?????»), ??? — ???????oth?y, o. a. ? ?
????? ????y ???????ue ??th??ny (a ????o?e n O????? ???i ? 8 ???y 2003 a.
? 162-OC ?????????u, ????, ?y?y, ?????????y ?. 182 (???? ??ay ???a), ?.
200 (?i? ??????), ?. 265 (????? ??a ???i-??????i ????o?y) OE). A?????
???? e ???????ey ??o ?y?e — y? ?i???ey ?????ey. I??i ???????y ????? ????
?i???a e ?????????o ???a ??? ?iy? a y?o ????o ia ????a ??i.
I???????ue (????????ue) ???? ??????ue ?y?y ????i ???i. A ????? ????i ??a
??????i ???i nullum crimen sine lege (?o ?????ey, ?? ? y?i ? ???i a
???). I???????ue ????ny a ?i, /? ?y?a ???? ???? ?????i ???a ?????ey,
???i? a ??a I???? ??e OE, ?a ???u ?a ?y?y, ?????? a ??iy?a ??y ?????ey?.
O?? ??? ?? ??i ? ???. I??i?, ?. 7 OE ?NON? 1926 a. ???????a ?????ue
????ey ?? ????? ??? ???i-???????i, ?????? ?? ???-????/??? ????a ? ??? a
????e ?oe, ?????o ?????a ?e?? ????? ?y?a, ? e a ????e ?o, ?i ?e ??? ?-?
??o ?y?e n ????? ??? ?e ????? ??e ???e ?y????e.
C???a ???? ???????? ?n?? a ?i, ?i ? ?i ??th??y ???o ????ey ???????? a OE
???? ????? (?. 3). I?? ?? ?e I??u ????? ???????? Nith? NN? e ?th?? ????e
1958 a. ????e ????? ????????e ?y?y, ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ????, o.
a. ????? ??? OE a ????e ?o ?y?e, ???a ? ????o?? ???i. A ???oth?i OE
????a i ???a ???? ???i a ??a ????a ????? ??? (/. 2 ?. 3).
I???????ue ?y?? n ?????ie ????ueth ?e ??a n ?????i e y?y?ny th?????,
???????i ????? ?????? ????e — ?????? ??????? ?y?? ?????ey. «A??????????
?????? ???n? e ???????? — ???eyth?e ??? a ????e ??, ?i ??a? ??????
?????».
A ?y? n ??i ????? ?????y i?????e ????e e ???????? ?e ????a ?????ey
(?????? ???? ?? A. A. I?????e, I. Ae. Ae???a) ???? ?i?????? (????????)
????e i ????? ???i ? y?o ????a ?????ey.
A ?????e ? ??, ???? ?????? a ?????e ?????ey ?????oth ????ue ?e ????????
a ???? ???? ??o???y ?e ?o, a ??a ????? ??a ??y? ???? i ?????ii, ????? ??
?????i-????? ?????e ?????ey. A i?????i ?????e ?????ey ?y???? ???a
?????ay ????ue ?y?y e ?????o ???? ? ????????. A ??a??i ?????e ?????ey
????y i ?y?e, ?????i ????i ???i, a ?????ay ????ue ?e ???e ?????ey ?
??i??a. A ?. 14 OE ?? ?????i-????? ?????a ?????ey: a ?i ?????tho ?a
??????o ????. O?? ?????a, ???ay ? ??i ?e ? ???? ????y ?y?e ??????i,
?uy?y? ????y ????y ? e ???? ??????? ?y?yi — ?????ie ????ueth ?y ????,
????, ?????a. E?? ??, ?i ??o ???a ?????? ????: ???? e? ?????a, a ??
????????? ? ????eyth?a ????i?e ????e, ?oy ????i e ????? ???? ???????? OE
?????ey, ???i ? y?y?ny (/. 2 ?. 14 OE).
*?? 2 no. 14 OE ??o ???a ???? ?y ??????? ??????i ???ea (?????ay ????ue).
A ?????? n ?e ?y?a, ???a ? ????i ??????i ??a ???o, ??iy??o ????i ???i,
?e ? o???i ?????i ??a, a ?? ????????? ? ???? ??a??? ?y ?????ey ???ueth
?????? ????e e ?y?? ? ???????ny a ???? ?????ey. A??a n ?i ??a ?y?a ??ii
????i ????ue ?ae ???? ????? a OE ?????ey. A??n i ????????? ?y?y ???ny n
??? ?????o ??iy??n? e ????y e ?????e ????y e ??. Ii y?? ???? N???y ???ey
? ????i ??i AN ?O a ??y?a ???a ????? ?? a i???? A., ?????i ? /. 1 ?. 222
OE. Ae???y A. a ?? ????????? ? ????ey? ?????? ????e, ????o ? ? ?? oe?e
?????ey ??y e ???? ?y ?ay, a ???y ??????ue ?????? A., ???e ???e oy??th
??? ?????? e ????? ??e i ??????, a ?y? n ?i ?? A. ????a A. ???? ???ue
?ae? o ??.
I??e ????a ????y ?y?y ??c?????i ??? ???u ?y y?????i ????ey ????? ?e?a.
N??? ?????y n I. O. E????e a ?i, ?i a ??? ????y ?y?y ???????? ??? ?? e
?????a, e ?????? ???u, o. a. «??a ?? ??? ????ue ??? ???????? ?y?a, a ?
???, ?i ? ? ??ny?i ? ?? ??iy????i ?e a ????? ?o?a ?????.
O???? ?? i ???????? ?y?e ? ??o ?? ?????, a ?????? ?? ???? ?????th ?
?????i ???a ?????ey ? ????e i. 2 /. 1 ?. 24 OIE ?O.
A????ue ?e ???e ?????ey ? ?????ue a ?. 7 OE ?NON?. O???a ? ?a a ?. 14 OE
??????, ?i ????? ?????? n?? ? ???e ??????i, a ? ?????? ???ey. Y? ????,
?i ?????i ???a ?y?a ????ny ??????i ?? n ??? ?????? ????y ?? e ???eth
(?????th) e ????? ??a??eyi a ??a ??? ?e ??????? (?. 24—27 OE).
I??????i ????y ????? ??????i ???ey a ????? ?????? ???eth y?y?ny ???? a
OE ?????e ??a ??u i ????? ????? ??a. Aeay?a ????ny ?????, a ??????i,
??????, ?? ???? ?c??? a ?. 28 OE ???y (?????? ?????? ????a e ?y?th, i???
y?????? ???e ?e ???-?????o ?????).
I???? ????? ???iy???i i???? ?????ey, ????y ? ?y?a ???? ? y? a ???,
????ny ????? ???e, ???a ??atho ?i ?????i ? ???? ????????.
I?????ue, ?e e ????????, ???a a ?. 14 OE ???a. Oi?? ?????a ????i ???i
«?ae ???e ????y» ?y?a ?e???y ??????i. Y? ????, ?i a ??o ??ayo ????a
??a??ny ???i a ?????? n ???? ????? ??u I???? ??e OE, a a ??? ??ayo ??
??o ?? ?????i ? ????e ??o????? ?e ????? ????y (?. 75-85 OE).
N??? ????, ?i ?yae ??? ???atho ??? ????y ? ??????th ???? ???iy???? ????
?????ey (I. N. O???a, I. Ae. Ae???a, I. O. E????).
I?y?a «??????» ???o ??????? n ?iy?? «?????o?. Eo ?????a ? ???? ?????y
????? e ???, o. a. ??o???ue ? y?y?ny ??? ??????th ??????. I?y?a ?????ey,
???ey??i a ???? ?????i ???? ?y?y, ?????, ??o a ????? ?????y ?????? e
y?y?ny ?????e?? ????? ???ey e ???????y ??????. I?????ue a ???a ? ?????ey
????ey? ??e ????? y???, ?eth/ath?a a ?ay ?????? ??????, ?????o ? ??????
???, ? ?????? ????? e ?????oth??y ??????e (????a, ????) e ???????e
(??iy?a, ????) ????ey?.
1.2 I?ay o??????a ?????? ??? ??e e ???uey
E????ey ?O a ?. 2 ??????o, ?i /???, ?i ??a e ???u y?yth?y ??? ????th. A
?????? n y?i ???????i ????i ??a e ???u ???? ?iyo ? ??? ??a ??e ?? ??iy??
????i ???i ??. I??a ??i ??e i?a e ??? ???? ???? ??i ? ??ue (?. 20 E?????
?O) e ??i ? ???? (?. 41 E????? ?O).
A?? 16, ???ath?y I???oth ??ue OE ?O e ????ay a ??? VII i ?????eyo ???
????, ???????o ???????ue ? ?ny????? ? ???? ???? ??a. E??i ae?? e ????
y?yth?y ???i ???? ??????, ?????? a ???????th ??o.
AE?? ????ey? ??e ??????a ??????a ????.
C???a — y? ?????a ???a ?c??y????e ????a, ?e ???i ?a ?i ??? e ???u
?????otho ????i. A ?????? n O???. A???? ?????e ???????y ? 22 ethiy 1946
a. ???? ????ey? ??e ??iy?a ???i ?????i, ?????? e ?????i ?????ey, a ? ???
???o?a ???? ?e ????? ????. I??u ???????? ?????e O???? ? ??? ???uey ???i
?????atho ???? ??ae? ?????? ???? ???ay????e ????.
O???i ????? y?y?ny ????ea ??a ??e ?e ???ueth ???i ????. I? y?i ????
????o?i ? ????? ?o ??a ? y?y?ny ??iy????i, ??th?th?i ?????? ??? ?y?y, ??
??iy????i, ????ath?i ? ??i?? ???????e. E?eth??a a y?i ????e ???ey? ????
?? ? ?uy?a o ?? a ?eyo ??????? (????i) ???a e ??ae, ?i ???o ?????oth??
?????? ??th??y e ??th??y i???? ????y ??? ???ey. I??y ??a ???? ?????a?i
????? ??a ???ueth a ????? ????? ??????, ?? ?e y?i ?? ??th?? ???a ????ey
??o ??y??e.
I????? ??a e ????? ??a ?????e ??e ?e ???ueth, ??th?y ???, ??a ????????ai
????ey?ny n ??????? ??th, ???? ?e ??? ????y ? ????ey ?y????e ? ???e ???
(?. 339 OE ?O).
I?y?a ??a ???ueth ????ny a i. 2 I??e ?????y ???e oy??e ??a, ??????
???ueth ????, ? 17 ???a 2007 a. e ???ey?ny ?e ????a ??????e ????n? e
???????e ???e ???a e ??? ???? a ????? ?c???ey ?????, ?????, ??????o e
?????o ???? ???e ??u.
A?ae ???ueth ????ey?ny ? oy??, ???e oy??e e ???. N??? oy??e ??a ???ueth
???ey?ny ia ????e ????o I??e ??i ?????? ???i-?????e y????u ??
???i-?????? ?????????y.
N ?????e ???u ?????ey ??? ??e e ???uey a ???? ??o ?????y ??? ??i ???ey,
???? ??e (?. 116 OE ?O), ?oy??a (?. 117 OE ?O). I????ay ???a ?y? ??????
??o ?? ????a ?e ??i ???ey, ?e e ??i ?????y (???? — ?. 105 OE ?O, ?????
oy??i ??a ???ueth — ?. 111 OE ?O e ????a ???). I???? ?????ey ??? ??e e
???uey n???th?y ??? ??i ?????y, ???? ????? ??? ??i?o (?. 124 OE ?O),
????? a ????e (?. 125 OE ?O).
A????? ???? ?????? ???????u ?e ??????, o. a. ??a ???u, ???a ??o ???? ???
?e ?????e ?????i ???o ?????e (????, ????? ???i ??a ???ueth, ???e oy??e
?e oy??i — ?. 115, 112,111 OE ?O).
Iay????i ????i ?????? ???? y?y?ny ???a ????e ?y? ??o ?y?? e ??????
i????ey? a ?? ????ey ??a ???ueth. I? y?i ???o ???a?, ?i ?? ???ueth
?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?y?y, a ? ????? a ?y? n ?ath??y o ??????
?????? ?? ????e, i ???o ???? ????? ? ?e. Ia ???o a ????e ?y? n ?y?? e
??, ?????e ?????? ? a ????? ??o?e ????i, a ??th???? ????? ????e ??? ?e
???oth?i ???? ?????e ???.
A ???? ??????, ???????o i. «?, «? /. 2 ?. 111 OE ?O e i. «? /. 2 no. 117
OE ?O, ?y????i ????i ???a y?y?ny e ??? ????ey i?????y.
I???? ???u ?????? ??ny?y e ??o ?????. Y? ???u ??o y?y?ny ?????e n ???a
????ey ????, ????? ? ?????y ?????i ???o ?????e. O?, ??? ?????i ??c???a
??? (/. 1 ?. 123 OE ?O) y?y?ny ????? n ???a ?????? ??? ??i, ? ?ath?i
???i ?????? ?????y ?????oth?? ???y. I???? ????? ???u ?????? ??ny?y e o?
????? ???? ????e. Y? ?????ey ??o ???? n ?i?? ?????y a ????ue ????ey ??a
??iy??o ???o. O?? ????, a ????e, y?y?ny ??? ????? ?????y a ??i?? ????y
AE*-????e (/. 1 ?. 122 OE ?O).
N ?????? ???u ?????ey ?i?a ??e e ???uey a ???? ??ny?y e ????? ?????eyi
(????, ????? ????? oy??i ??a ???ueth e o. ae.). I???? ???u ??????
?????oth?y ?????? ??? ?? (????? ??? ???? — ?. 124 OE ?O, ????? ??? ?
??????? — no. 109 OE ?O e ?.). I???? ???u ?????? ?????oth?y ??y ???? ??,
???? ????? ????? oy??i ??a ???ueth ??a?? ? ??????? ??? ?????? (/. 4 ?.
111 OE ?O). A ?y? ???? ?y????i ????i ?????? ???u y?y?ny ?????e ?o? (i.
«?, «? /. 2 ?. 111, i. «? /. 2 ?. 117 OE ?O) e ?? (i. «? /. 2 ?. 111 OE
?O).
N??? ?????? ??? ??e e ???uey, ?e ???i, ??e. O??i a ????o ??ayo ??????
????o ? ??????ue ?????? ????. O?, ????i ????ey i??e ???? ??o ?? ??? ??,
?y??? ????ue ??? a ?????? n ???i ?e ? ?????i ???? (?. 124 OE ?O). N????
???? ???th ??????? ???a (?. 106 OE ?O) ??o ?? ??? ??????y ?? ???a. A
????, ???????o /. 2 ?. 118 e /. 4 ?. 122 OE ?O, ??a ???o ?????e — ??,
????? ????? ?y???oy?.
A ?????e ? ?????? ????????i ???a, ?????ey ae??e ??u ??????th?y: 1) ?
?????ey ??? ??e (?. 105—110 OE ?O); 2) ?????ey ??? ???uey (?.
111—118,121,122 OE ?O); 3) ?????ey, ??y?a a ????ue ??ue e ???? (?.
119,120, 123-125 OE ?O).
A?? 2. O?o??? ?????ey ??? ???uey
2.1 O????a ????? oy??i ??a c???th
I???i ?????ey y?y?ny ???? ????.
I????ay ???a ??th??ny a ???? ?e ?????e. N??a ?a????y ??????. Aeay?a ????
n ???a ?????y ???a?? ???o ?????e a ?? oy??i ??a ???ueth.
Ae????y ?. 111 OE ?O ???? ?? ?????? ????a ????ey oy??i ??a ???ueth. Eo
????? ?????ny a I???o ???i-?ae???? y????u oy??e ??a ???ueth. I???i ????i
????y ??a ???ueth e oy??o y?y?ny ????ue ?y ??e a ??? ?i ????ey. I???? ?y
??e ???eya?y ??y ???ey?: a) ?????y ? ??? ????o ??atho ??? ??e ?????? e
??o ???? e ?i ??? (???ath?a ???y ???, ???? ??? ??a e ????y ???, ?? ????i
??a oyae?? e ???e ???e, ???ath?a ???y ???e ??e, ???, ??i???a, ???? ???o
????o ???, ??????? e ????i ???a, ?????a ???? ?????? ??? e o. i.); a)
?????y, ????a ???? ???th?? ?y ??e ??iy?y, ??????a ?o??i ? ??o ?????
????a (?e oy??e ???e, ????y ?????y, ??ay ????y ?e ????ay ???????ue e o.
i.). I??????a ?????? ??? ?????i ??????? ???ey ?????e ??? ? ?ey? ? ???
?????? ??a ?e ???? ?y ae??.
I? ?n???e ??e ????e ?? ??o ?? ???i oy?? e ?e ???e ?i?i ? ????a, ????o a
/. 1 ?. 111 OE ?O.
1. I??y ??ey, ??, ??a. I??y ??ey ?????? ??oth ???th ???o ? ?a ??a ?e ??a
??iy?a, ??a ??th??ny ????a ??ey ? ???u 0,04 e ??. I??y ?a?y ? ?? ?? ??a
???????y ?e oy?? ?? ???ueth, ? ? ???? ??? ???i ??o ???e. I??y ??? ????
y??a ??????y ?e ???y ???.
I??y ?? ?????? ???th ??? e?i ??? ?????e ???? ?? ??e ???????? ???e,
i?y??e ???th?i. O??a y?? ???????y ?e ???y ???.
I??y ??a ????ey? ??e ??oth a??? ?e ??a ?????a ??iy?a, ??a ?????e ? ???
?c???? ?? ? ???y?e 3—5 ? ? ??e ????. O??a ??a ? ?? ?i ???????y ?e oy??
?? ???ueth ? ???? ??? ???i ??o ???e.
I? ?????e oy??e ?????? ??a ? ???o ???? ? ?????y ?????ue ????e ??ey ?e
??a n ???th ?????o ???a (??, ???? ???? e o. i.).
2. I??? ??? ?e ???e ???i ??o ???e ????ny ?i ????a ? ???? ?? ???? e ??
??iy?a, ??th?th?a ?i ?y????ue. Ii y?? ? ???eo ?????oth?y ?e oy?? ??
?????y ???o ???a, ???i?ath??y ???e ?e ???????? ?????e.
3. I????a ?????oe ???????y ?e oy?? ?? ?a ?????e ? ? ??a. I? y?i o??a ??a
??? ??iy? a ????e ?y? n ???ey? ????i, a ? y??ny ????? ??????? ??????
?????e ?? ? ?????y.
4. I????? ??????, ?????a ?????e ?e ??????e ??????ny ?e ?????aa
???i-???????e e ???i-???????e y????u ???????. Ii ?????i ??? y????o
?????? ???i-??oe??? y??? n ???? ??a ?????oth?? ???y ???ey? n??? oy??e
??a ???ueth ??????.
5. I?????a ???????a e?a ? y?y?ny ??? ?????i ?iy??. I??i-y????i ??i
???????y ?? ???e ??????? ?????y ? ??, ?i ?i??o ??????ue ?????ey ???o ???
?????y ?e ??e???a ????? ? ?????? n ???? ???e ?e ?????a?? ??i. A?????
????ey ??o ?????e ??i ?????? ???? ? ?ey? ? ?????eth ?y?y. A??n ???????y
???ny ??i ? ????e ????y?o y?????o ??????e (???????a, ????, ??o ??ue ??i
?e ????e ????e ?? ?? ?i ????? a ????? ?????? ?????y).
6. C?????y ???y ??? ??e ???????? ????ny ???e ?e ??? ??e ???????? ? ??a
?i ? ?? ??ue (??a ?i ? 30%) ?? ?????? ???uey ??????th ??a 120 ??.
7. C???ay ?y ????i ??ay ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??a, ???e
??? ?????? ?????e ???y? ??? ii ????e ? ????e ?e ??????e (????, ???? ?a
????a, ?????a ???a ???? e o. i.). I? y?i ? ?????y ???a o ?????? ???i
?????y ?e ??????e. O???a ? ?????ue ?????? ????? ??? ??a n ?y?i ???i,
???e??i ? ???a ?????? ?i ???????? ???a.
N?????y ???a ?????ey ???????y ??e a ?? ?y?? ?e ????? ???.
N??? ?????ey — ??y?? ??, ????a 14 ?o.
E?????th?a ????, ???????a /. 2 ?. 111 OE ?O, ??oth?a — ????? ?????ey:
a) a ????e ?? ?e ?i ???o a ?y? n ??????? ??? ??i ????e ?y????e ?e ?????i
??????i ??a;
a) n ??? ?????th, ???????i ?e ???yie ?y ??????, a ??i a ????e ??, ????
?y ????i ??aey??ny a ?????i ??iy?e;
a) ?????i ????;
a) ? ?e?;
ae) ? ?????o ?????;
a) ? ???i ??????, ??????e, ???e, ??????, ?????e ????e ?e ??? ?? ? ??a?
??? ?e ????e a ????e ??e-?? ????? ???;
ae) a ?eyo ??????y ???a ?e ??? ??????. *??th 3 ?. 111 OE ?O ??????u ??i
?????oth?a ????: ????? ?????ey ???e ?oe, ???e ?oe ? ????o???o ???o ?e
??????? ???e, a ??a ????? ???i??y a ????e ?? ?e ??a ?oe.
A? ????a ?? ???? ????? ??????i ?? ????i ????????? ???? e ??e-?? ?????
??????i e ???????? ???o ? ???tho.
*?? 4 ?. 111 OE ?O ???????o ???o???? ? ????? ????? oy??i ??a ???ueth,
????a ? ??????? ??? ??????. E????ey ???i ???a ??e????ny ????i ?????o
????a e ??y ???e ??. O???? ??? ?????o ??????? ???????? ??? (?y????e) —
??ue ????. I????ay ???a ???y?ny ? ?? ???y ??????? ?????e a ?? ???
??????, ???y ?e?a ??iy? a ????e ?y? n ?????i oy?? ???.
N?????y ???a ???????y ???i (?y?i ?e ????i) ? i???eth e ????eth oy??i ??a
???ueth e ?????? ??? ?iu (?e ?????ueth, ?e e ??????) ? ????th e ???????
?????yi a ?? ???. O?? ???i, ??? ????????e ?ae ?????ey y?y?ny ??????i n
??y ???e ??.
N??ay ?????y ???i ???a ??? ?????? ?????? i???u a ?????? ?????ey,
???????? /. 4 ?. 111 OE ?O, ? o???a, ???? ???? ?? ?????u ?? ?e ???????
???a ????. I???i ????i ??????y a ??? ??? y?ya?y ??a ?? ? ????th e
??????? ?????yi a ?? ??? ??????.
2.2 O????a ????? ??a ???ueth ???e oy??e
I???i ?????ey y?y?ny ???? ????. I????ay ???a ??th??ny a ???? ?e ?????e.
N??a ?a????y ??????. Aeay?a ???? n ???a ?????y ???a?? ???o ?????e a ??
??a ???ueth ???e oy??e.
A??i ???ueth ???e oy??e ???a?y ??, ? ???e ?y ??e ???? e ? ????e ?????e,
??a?? a ?. 111 OE ?O, ? ????e ????? ?????? ???uey ?e ?????oth ???th ???
????????.
A ?????? n I???? ????? ??????i ???uey ????ny ????y ??? ????????
????????ueth ??a 3 ??? (21 ?y), a ?ae ?????? ???e ???e ???????? ??a ?i ?
?? ??ue — ???th ??? ???????? ? 10 ? 30% ?eth????.
N????a ?????oth?o ????a /. 2 ?. 112 OE ?O ????? ?????oth?i ????i ?. 105
e 111 OE ?O.
N?????y ???a ???????y ??? ????? ??? ?? (?y?e ?e ????e ???).
No??o ?????ey ??e – ??y?? ??, ????a 16 ?o.
2.3 O????a ????? ???i ??a ???ueth
I???i ?????ey y?y?ny ???? ????.
I????ay ???a ??th??ny a ????. N??a ?????ey ??????e. Aeay?a ???? n ???a
?????y ?????i ???o ?n???? a ?? ???i ??a ???ueth.
*?? 1 ?. 115 OE ?O ??????o ????th ???????ue ? ????? ??a ???ueth, ???e
??? ?i ??e????? ?????? (????th ??? ???????? ????o????th ? ??a 3 ??? (21
?y)) ?e ??????oth ???th ??? ???????? (??oth 5%).
*?? 2 ?. 115 OE ?O ???????o ???ioth ???????ue ? ? ? ?y?y, ?????a ?
?????o ?????, a ??a ? ???i ??????, ???????, ???e, ??????, ?????e ????e
?e ??? ?? ? ???i ??? ?e ????e a ????e ??e-?? ????? ???.
N?????y ???a ?????ey ???????y ????? ??? a?u (?y?e ?e ????e ???).
N??? ?????ey ??e – ??y?? ??, ????a 16 ?o.
C?eth??a
E?e, ?????? ????y e ???? ???i ??????eyi, ???a ???tho ???? ???u. A ?????e
? ??, ??a ?????? ????y ???? ?y?a e ??? ????e ????? ?????i ??iy? yoe
????y, ??????? ??o ?? ???? ??????i, ???n????i ???????i, ?????-???? ????,
??????? ?????.
I?????? ??????y ?? ??a ??????? ????o ??????a ????e e y?y?ny ???? ?y
????????e. A????? ??? ???tho, ?i e ???eyi ?c????ey ????y ?????ay ????ue
?y?y, ???e ???tho ?a ?? ???????. ??????? ????ny ? ???e ?????? ????e
?y?y, ???y ??o ?iy?ny a ?????e ? ????? ???e. I?????a ???? ????e ???ueth
?????? ?a???. I???e, ? ?????oth?a, ??o ????ny e ???o ???i??y, ???o ???,
???o, ??a ??, ???i, ?eyi e o. i.
N??e ?????
1. A????, A.A. O???? ??i ???e. *a?e ??y e ????y [O??]: ??. ???a / A.A.
A????, A.A. A?????. – I.: I???o, 2009. – 1232n
2. Ae????a, A.Ae. O???? ??i ???e. *?? ??y e ????y [O??]: o?a. ???a /
A.Ae. Ae????a, A.A. A?????. – I.: I???o, 2009. – 849n
3. AE???a, Y.I. O???? ??i ???e. I???ay ??ue [O??]: ??. ???a / Y.I.
AE???a, A.A. A?????. – I.: I?n??, 2008. – 475n
4. C???, A.TH. O???? ??i ???e. I???ay ??ue [O??]: ??. ???a / A.TH. C???,
A.I. O??. – I.: THIEOE, 2009. – 511n
5. E???, I.A. *?? ??y e ????y [O??]: ??. ???a / I.A. E???, A.Ae. Ae????.
– I.: I???o, 2009. – 935n
6. E????, A.I. O???? ??i ???e. I???ay ??ue [O??]: ??. ???a / A.I. E????,
I.A. A??. – I.: I???o, 2008. – 877n
7. E????, E.A. O???? ??i ???e. I???ay ??ue [O??]: ??. ???a / E.A. E????,
Y.I. AE???a. – I.: THIEOE, 2008. – 501n
8. I????i, TH.A. O???? ??i ???e. I???ay ??ue [O??]: ??. ???a / TH.A.
I????i, A.TH. C???. – I.: I?n??, 2009. – 491n
9. O??, A.I. *?? ??y e ????y [O??]: ??. ???a / A.I. O??, A.A. A?????. –
I.: I???o, 2009. – 998n
10. ss?, I.N. O???? ??i ???e. I???ay ??ue [O??]: ??. ???a / I.N. ss?,
I.A. E??a. – I.: I???o, 2009. – 356n
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