10
*aeyaeineee th?eaee/aneee einoeooo Ieienoa?noaa aioo?aiieo aeae ?O
Eaoaae?a a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiauo aeenoeeieei
Noaeaaiia ?aoaiea
Auiieiee: eo?naio 232 o/. a?.
Eoiaa A. A.
I?iaa?ee: i?aiiaeaaaoaeue eaoaae?u
a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiauo aeenoeeieei,
iaei?, Oiieeia
*aeyaeine
2002
Iaeaaeaiea
§ 1. Nouiinoue e cia/aiea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey 3
§ 2. Niaea?aeaiea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey 4
§ 3. O?aaiaaiey i?aaeuyaeyaiua e noaeaaiiio ?aoaieth 6
§ 4. Ono?aiaiea iaaeinoaoeia ?aoaiey noaea 7
§ 5. Caeiiiay neea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey 8
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u 11
§ 1. Nouiinoue e cia/aiea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey
?ac?aoaiea a?aaeaeaineiai aeaea au?aaeaaony a aieaecuyaeaieyo,
noaeaeaieyo noaea ii oaeoai, onoaiaaeeaaaiui a noaeaaiii canaaeaiee, ii
aeaenoaeyi, niaa?oaaiui o/anoieeaie i?ioeanna, ii ia?ai, i?eieiaaiui a
ioiioaiee o/anoieeia i?ioeanna e o. ae. Yoe noaeaeaiey eee
aieaecuyaeaiey auneacuaathony a oi?ia iinoaiiaeaiee — aeanoiuo aieaauo
aeoia noaea, iaycaoaeueiuo aeey eniieiaiey anaie o/anoieeaie i?ioeanna,
iaania/aiiuie ainoaea?noaaiiui i?eioaeaeaieai.
Iiae iinoaiiaeaieyie noaea ia?aie einoaioeee iiieiathony ana au?aaeaiiua
a ienueiaiiie oi?ia aieaecuyaeaiey noaea eae i?aaia ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe. Yoe iinoaiiaeaiey aeaeyony ia aeaa a?oiiu: ?aoaiey e
ii?aaeaeaiey.
Auianaiea ?aoaiey — naiue ioaaonoaaiiue iiiaio a aeayoaeueiinoe noaea. A
?aoaiee iiaeaiaeeony eoia anaio noaeaaiiio ?acae?aoaeuenoao.
Noaeaaiia ?aoaiea — auiineiia eiaiai ainoaea?noaa iinoaiiaeaiea
ioiineoaeueii nouanoaa nii?a noi?ii a eneiaii i?iecaiaenoaa, a oaeaea
ioiineoaeueii iauaeoa i?ioeanna a aeaea iniaiai i?iecaiaenoaa eee a
aeaea, aicieeoai ec aaeieieno?aoeaii-i?aaiauo ioiioaiee.
Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae i oii, /oi oieueei noaeaaiui
?aoaieai ieii/aoaeueii ?ac?aoaaony aii?in ia io?aia e caueoa i?aa e
caeiiiuo eioa?ania a?aaeaeai e th?eaee/aneeo eeoe. A ?aoaiee anaaaea
niaea?aeeony auaiae noaea i i?eiaiaiee ii?aaeaeaiiie ii?iu i?aaa e
eiie?aoiiio aeeciaiiiio neo/ath, iaoa?eaeueii-i?aaiaui ioiioaieyi
iaaeaeo iniiaiuie o/anoieeaie i?ioeanna — noi?iiaie.
Ieaioi Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O a Iinoaiiaeaiee ? 9 io 26 naioya?y 1973 a. “I
noaeaaiii ?aoaiee” (a ?aae. Iinoaiiaeaiey Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O io
26 aeaeaa?y 1995 a. ? 9) ia?aoee aieiaiea ia oi, /oi auiieiaiea noiyueo
ia?aae noaeaie caaea/ ii ioi?aaeaieth i?aainoaeey, inouanoaeaieth
ainieoaoaeueiie e i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiie ?iee noaeaaiuo i?ioeannia
o?aaoao, /oiau iinoaiiaeyaiua noaeaaiua ?aoaiey iieiinoueth
niioaaonoaiaaee caeiio.
?aoaiea noaea, i?iaicaeaoaiiia eiaiai ?anioaeeee, i?eaeaao auaiaeo noaea
ii aeaeo aeanoiue, aannii?iue e iauaiaycaoaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Noae
i?eioaeaeaao noi?iiu e ii?aaeaeaiiiio iiaaaeaieth. Ia?ooaiea
i?aaeienaiey noaea iiaeao iiaea/ue ca niaie ii?aaeaeaiiua th?eaee/aneea
iineaaenoaey: i?eioaeeoaeueiia eniieiaiea, aaeieieno?aoeaiia eee
oaieiaiia iaeacaiea, acuneaiea oauoeia. ?aoaiea iaycaoaeueii ia oieueei
aeey noi?ii, ii e aeey anao a?aaeaeai, aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, i?aaiia
ainoaea?noaa. ?aoaiea — aeo i?aainoaeey e a yoii aai nooue.
A iaoea a?aaeaeaineiai i?ioeanna e a?aaeaeaineii i?ioeannoaeueiii
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ?acee/atho neaaeothuea aeaeu ?aoaiee: iau/iua,
cai/iua, i?iiaaeooi/iua, aeiiieieoaeueiua, /anoe/iua e oneiaiua.
Iau/iia (iniiaiua) eee ieii/aoaeueiia ?aoaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
ii?iaeueiue aeae noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey, auiineiiai n niaethaeaieai anao
i?aaee ?anniio?aiey aeaea a noaea ia?aie einoaioeee e iieiinoueth
?ac?aoathuaa aeaei ii nouanoao.
Cai/iia ?aoaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?aoaiea, auiineiia a ionoonoaea oioy
au iaeiie noi?iiu. A neo/ayo, oeacaiiuo a caeiia, noae iiaeao auianoe
cai/ii iau/iia (ieii/aoaeueiia) ?aoaiea. Iai?eia?, anee noi?iia i?ineea
noae ?anniio?aoue aeaei a aa ionoonoaee, a noae n/eoaao yoi aiciiaeiui
ii eiathueiny a aai ?anii?yaeaiee iaoa?eaeai. Iaeiaei a a?aaeaeaineii
i?ioeanna yoi iiiyoea oiio?aaeyaony a aieaa oceii niunea. Iiae cai/iui
eee ninoycaoaeueiui ?aoaieai iiieiaaony ?aoaiea, auianaiiia noaeii a
ionoonoaee ioaao/eea, ecaauaiiiai noaeii i a?aiaie e ianoa ?anniio?aiee
aeaea, ii ia yaeaoainy e ia cayaeaoai ienueiaiiie i?inueau i
?anniio?aiee aeaea a aai ionoonoaee.
I?iiaaeooi/iui n/eoaaony ?aoaiea, eioi?ia ?ac?aoaao ene a i?eioeeia, o.
a. aii?in i i?aaa, ii aii?in i ?acia?a inoaaeyaony ioe?uoui e
onoaiaaeeaaaony ioaeaeueiui ?aoaieai. Aeey auianaiey oaeiai ?aoaiey a
iaeioi?uo neo/ayo i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue eniieueciaaiea iniaie i?ioeaaeo?u,
eioi?ay a aei?aaiethoeeiiiii a?aaeaeaineii i?ioeannoaeueiii i?aaa ?innee
iineea iacaaiea ?an/aoiiai eee eniieieoaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. A
aeaenoaothuai a?aaeaeaineii i?ioeannoaeueiii i?aaa oaeiai ?aoaiey iao.
Ionoonoaea a ?aoaiee naaaeaiee i ?acia?a i?enoaeaeaiiiai n/eoaaony aai
iaaeinoaoeii, eioi?ue ono?aiyaony iooai auianaiey aeiiieieoaeueiiai
?aoaiey. Iaeioi?oth aiaeiaeth i?aaenoaaeyao i?eaiai? noaea ii oaieiaiiio
aeaeo a /anoe a?aaeaeaineiai enea, eiaaea noae i?eciaao ca iioa?iaaoei
i?aai ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea enea e ia?aaeaao aeaei a niioaaonoaothuee noae
aeey ii?aaeaeaiey a ii?yaeea a?aaeaeaineiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa ?acia?a
oaeiaeaoai?aiey.
Aeiiieieoaeueiui eiaioaony ?aoaiea, auiineiia noaeii aeey ainiieiaiey
i?iaaeia iniiaiiai ?aoaiey. Iaee/ea aeiiieieoaeueiiai ?aoaiey ia
icia/aao, /oi iniiaiia ?aoaiea ?anniao?eaaaony a ea/anoaa
i?iiaaeooi/iiai.
*anoe/iui iacuaaaony ?aoaiea, eioi?ia iinoaiiaeyaony a ioiioaiee /anoe
eneiauo o?aaiaaiee, n/eoathueony aeinoaoi/ii iieii e ananoi?iiia
enneaaeiaaiiuie aeey ?ac?aoaiey. A yoeo neo/ayo aii?in ia inoaeueiuo
o?aaiaaieyo ioeeaaeuaaaony aei auyniaiey iaiaoiaeeiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa,
i?aaenoaaeaiey, enneaaeiaaiey e ioeaiee niioaaonoaothueo aeieacaoaeuenoa
ii aeaeo. *anoe/iui iacuaaeinue ?aoaiea, eioi?ia auiineeinue noaeii a
ioiioaiee /anoe o?aaiaaiee enooea, i?eciaaaaiuo ioaao/eeii. Yoi ?aoaiea
auiineeinue iaiaaeeaiii, a a ioiioaiee inia?eaaaiuo o?aaiaaiee i?ioeann
i?iaeieaeaeny. *anoe/iia ?aoaiea aeiioneaeinue oaeaea auiineoue e a
ioiioaiee ano?a/iiai enea. I?e oaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao ii iaeiiio aeaeo a
ia?aie einoaioeee iiaei auoue auianaii ianeieueei ?aoaiee. A AIE ?NON?
iao einoeoooa, noiaeiiai n /anoe/iui ?aoaieai.
Oneiaiui ?aoaiea iiaeao iacuaaoueny oiaaea, eiaaea iii auiineony a
ioiioaiee i?aaa enooea, caaenyuaai io ianooieaiey eeai iaianooieaiey
ii?aaeaeaiiiai ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eeai a caaeneiinoe io niaa?oaiey eeai
ianiaa?oaiey iaeiie ec noi?ii eaeeo-eeai aeaenoaee. Oneiaiui n/eoaaony
oaeaea ?aoaiea, eniieiaiea eioi?iai caaeneo io yoeo ianoiyoaeuenoa. A
a?aaeaeaineii i?ioeannoaeueiii i?aaa ?innee ia aeiioneaaony auianaiea
oneiaiuo ?aoaiee. Iaeiaei ii aeaeo i acuneaiee aeeiaioia, iai?eia?, noae
ai?aaa auianoe iinoaiiaeaiea i acuneaiee aeeiaioia aei anooieaiey
?aoaiey noaea i acuneaiee aeeiaioia a caeiiioth neeo;
i?e acuneaiee aeeiaioia ia ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo aeaoae — aei auianaiey
noaeii ?aoaiey i acuneaiee aeeiaioia (i. 1 no. 108 NE). A iineaaeiai
neo/aa ii?aaeaeaiea noaea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie naiaia?aciia ni/aoaiea
noaeaaiiai i?eeaca, ii?aaeaeaiey ia iaania/aiee enea e
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai (oneiaiiai) ?aoaiey. Iii auiineony a ?an/aoa ia oi,
/oi ?aoaiea noaea iiaeoaa?aeeo i?aai enooea ia acuneaiea aeeiaioia n
ioaao/eea, iaeiaei yoi nianai ia eneeth/aao e auianaiey ?aoaiey ia
ioeaca a enea, anee aoaeao oaeiaeaoai?aii ano?a/iia o?aaiaaiea ioaao/eea
ia aiioee?iaaiee caiene ia iooeianoaa.
E?iia oiai, ii aeaeo i aiciauaiee a?aaea, i?e/eiaiiiio oaa/ueai
ianiaa?oaiiieaoiaio a aic?anoa aei 14 eao, noae, auiiny ?aoaiea ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiee enea, eae au i?eciaao oai naiui ca iei i?aai, ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiea o?aaiaaiee i aiciauaiee a?aaea, i?e/eiaiiiai oo?aoie
o?oaeiniiniaiinoe, ii aeinoeaeaiee 14-eaoiaai aic?anoa. Iiaia ?aoaiea a
yoii neo/aa iiaeao auoue auianaii cai/ii. Iineieueeo oaeou, oeacaiiua a
ia?aii ?aoaiee, inii?eoue oaea aoaeao iaeuecy, a ?acia? i?enoaeaeaiey
(enoiaey ec iyoee?aoiiai onoaiiaeaiiiai ieieiaeueiiai ?acia?a iieaou
o?oaea) oi/ii ii?aaeaeai a caeiia.
§ 2. Niaea?aeaiea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey
A niioaaonoaee ni no. 196 AIE ?aoaiea eceaaaaony a ienueiaiiii aeaea
i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaothuei eeai iaeiei ec noaeae e iiaeienuaaaony anaie
noaeueyie, o/anoaiaaaoeie a ?ac?aoaiee aeaea, a oii /enea e oaie,
eioi?ua inoaeenue i?e iniaii iiaiee. Ana eni?aaeaiey a ?aoaiee aeieaeiu
auoue iaiai?aiu ia?aae iiaeienyie noaeae.
?aoaiea aeieaeii niaea?aeaoue yniua e iiiyoiua noaeaeaiey, th?eaee/anee
a?aiioiua oi?ioee?iaee. A iai ia aeiioneaaony oiio?aaeaiea au?aaeaiee,
ioaeaeathueony a oieeiaaiee e cao?oaeiythueo iiieiaiea niaea?aeaiey
?aoaiey.
Ii eaaeaeiio aeaeo aeieaeii auoue i?eiyoi iaeii ?aoaiea. Eneeth/aiea
aiciiaeii eeoue i?e ?anniio?aiee a?aaeaeaineiai enea a oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna, eiaaea noae iiaeao i?eciaoue ca iioa?iaaoei i?aai ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiea enea e ia?aaeaoue a niioaaonoaothuee noae aeaei aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey a ii?yaeea a?aaeaeaineiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa ?acia?a
oaeiaeaoai?aiey.
?aoaiea noaea ia aeieaeii aeeth/aoue oneiaee, a caaeneiinoue io eioi?uo
noaaeony aai ?aaeecaoeey. Iaaeiionoeii oaeaea auianaiea ?aoaiee
aeueoa?iaoeaiuo, eiaaea noi?iia i?aaeinoaaeyaony i?aai auai?a iaeiiai ec
ianeieueeeo i?aaiii/ee. Io yoiai neaaeoao ioee/aoue aiciiaeiinoue
auianaiey ?aoaiey oaeoeueoaoeaiiai, a eioi?ii noae i?aaeoniao?eaaao
caiaio iniiaiiai i?enoaeaeaiey ae?oaei ia neo/ae iaaiciiaeiinoe aai
eniieiaiey. Iai?eia?, aianoi aica?aoa aauae — oieaoeoue eo noieiinoue,
aianoi auiieiaiey ii?aaeaeaiiie ?aaiou — oieaoeoue aa noieiinoue e o. i.
Noaouey 197 AIE i?aaeoniao?eaaao, /oi ?aoaiea noaea aeieaeii ninoiyoue
ec /aou?ao /anoae: aaiaeiie, iienaoaeueiie, iioeae?iai/iie e
?aciethoeaiie. ?aoaiea noaea ii aeaeo i ?anoi?aeaiee a?aea iiaeao
ninoiyoue ec aaiaeiie e ?aciethoeaiie /anoae.
A aaiaeiie /anoe ?aoaiey oeacuaathony a?aiy e ianoi aai auianaiey,
iaeiaiiaaiea noaea e ninoaa noaea, auianoaai ?aoaiea; naaaeaiey i
nae?aoa?a noaeaaiiai canaaeaiey, i?ieo?i?a, anee ii o/anoaiaae a
i?ioeanna; i noi?iiao e ae?oaeo eeoeao, o/anoaothueo a aeaea, i
i?aaenoaaeoaeyo, i?aaeiaoa nii?a. Anee ene aue cayaeai i?ieo?i?ii, eeai
eeoeaie, iacaaiiuie a no. 4 e 42 AIE, oi oeacuaaaony, a /ueeo eioa?anao
yoi auei naeaeaii. Oaenooaeueii naaaeaiey aaiaeiie /anoe ?aniieaaathony
a aeieoiaioa ?aoaiey iaaeaeo neiaaie “Eiaiai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee” e
aei neia “onoaiiaee”.
Iienaoaeueiay /anoue ?aoaiey aeieaeia iiyniyoue oa?aeoa? o?aaiaaiee
enooea, aic?aaeaiey ioaao/eea e io?aaeaoue iauyniaiey ae?oaeo eeoe,
o/anoaothueo a aeaea. Caeanue noae iaycai eceiaeeoue, eoi, n eaeei
o?aaiaaieai ia?aoeeny, e eiio yoi o?aaiaaiea auei i?aaeuyaeaii, /ai e
eae yoi o?aaiaaiea iainiiauaaeinue cayaeoaeai, eaeea aic?aaeaiey
iinooieee, eaeiaa auea iiceoeey i?ieo?i?a, i?aaenoaaeoaeae
ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia. Anee eneiaua o?aaiaaiey eciaiyeenue, eeai anee
ene aue i?eciai ioaao/eeii, yoi oiaea io?aaeaaony a iienaoaeueiie /anoe
?aoaiey. Ana yoe naaaeaiey niaea?aeaony a ?aoaiee iinea neia “onoaiiaee”
e caeai/eaathony o?acie i?eia?ii neaaeothuaai niaea?aeaiey “enneaaeiaaa
ianoiyoaeuenoaa aeaea, caneooaa iauyniaiey noi?ii e ae?oaeo eeoe,
o/anoaothueo a aeaea, noae n/eoaao, /oi ene iiaeeaaeeo oaeiaeaoai?aieth
(iiaeeaaeeo oaeiaeaoai?aieth /anoe/ii, ia iiaeeaaeeo oaeiaeaoai?aieth)
ii neaaeothuei iniiaaieyi”.
A iioeae?iai/iie /anoe ?aoaiey oeacuaathony ianoiyoaeuenoaa aeaea,
onoaiiaeaiiua noaeii; aeieacaoaeuenoaa, ia eioi?uo iniiaaiu auaiaeu
noaea; aeiaiaeu, ii eioi?ui noae ioaa?aaao oa eee eiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa;
caeiiu, eioi?uie ?oeiaiaenoaiaaeny noae, ?ac?aoay nii?.
?acee/aaony oaeoe/aneia e th?eaee/aneia iniiaaiey ?aoaiey noaea. A
oaeoe/aneia iniiaaiea aoiaeyo oa ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eioi?ua noae n/eoaao
onoaiiaeaiiuie. I?e yoii noae ia iiaeao ia?aie/eoueny i?inoie
eiinoaoaoeeae oaeoa eo onoaiiaeaiey, a iaycai auneacaoue naia noaeaeaiea
iai anao aeieacaoaeuenoaao, enneaaeiaaiiuo a nayce n onoaiiaeaieai oiai
eee eiiai oaeoa, aeaoue ioeaieo eo aeinoiaa?iinoe. Noae oaeaea aeieaeai
ynii ioaaoeoue ia aii?in, ii/aio ii n/eoaao oaeo onoaiiaeaiiui eeai
iaiai?io ia onoaiiaeaiiui, e iiae?iaii iainiiaaoue naie auaiae i
oa?aeoa?a acaeiiioiioaiee noi?ii e th?eaee/aneie ioeaiea yoeo
acaeiiioiioaiee.
TH?eaee/aneia eee i?aaiaia iniiaaiea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey ninoaaeyao
th?eaee/aneay eaaeeoeeaoeey iaoa?eaeueiuo i?aaiioiioaiee noi?ii e oa
ii?iaoeaiua aeou, eioi?ua noae n/eoaao aiciiaeiui i?eiaieoue e yoei
i?aaiioiioaieyi. A ?aoaiee anaaaea aeieaeiu niaea?aeaoueny oi/iua nnueee
ia ii?iu iaoa?eaeueiiai e i?ioeannoaeueiiai i?aaa, iainiiauaathuea ana
auaiaeu noaea ii aeaiiiio aeaeo.
A neo/aa i?eciaiey enea ioaao/eeii iioeae?iai/iay /anoue iiaeao
ninoiyoue oieueei ec oeacaiey ia oaeo oaeiai i?eciaiey e i?eiyoea aai
noaeii (/. 4 no. 197 AIE).
Caeai/eaaaony iioeae?iai/iay /anoue ?aoaiey i?eia?ii oae:
“N o/aoii auoaeceiaeaiiiai, ia iniiaaiee…. (i?eaiaeyony ii?iu
iaoa?eaeueiiai i?aaa) e ?oeiaiaenoaoynue no. 14, 197 (i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe
e ae?oaeie noaoueyie) AIE ?NON?, noae ?aoee”.
?aciethoeaiay /anoue ?aoaiey — ieii/aoaeueiue auaiae noaea ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiee enea eee ia ioeaca a enea iieiinoueth eee a /anoe
(i?eiaieoaeueii e aeaeo iniaiai i?iecaiaenoaa — ia oaeiaeaoai?aiee eee
ia ioeaca a oaeiaeaoai?aiee cayaeaiiiai o?aaiaaiey). ?aciethoeaiay
/anoue ?aoaiey aeieaeia auoue eceiaeaia oaeei ia?acii, /oiau ia auei
iayniinoae e nii?ia i?e aai eniieiaiee. A iae oaeaea aiai?eony i oii,
eae ?ani?aaeaeythony noaeaaiua ?anoiaeu, eaeiau n?ie e ii?yaeie
iaaeaeiaaiey ?aoaiey.
A niioaaonoaee n ?acuyniaieai, aeaiiui a i. 7 Iinoaiiaeaiey Ieaioia
Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O “I noaeaaiii ?aoaiee” io 26 naioya?y 1973 a.,
?aoaiea yaeyaony aeoii i?aainoaeey, ieii/aoaeueii ?ac?aoathuei aeaei, e
aai ?aciethoeaiay /anoue aeieaeia niaea?aeaoue en/a?iuaathuea auaiaeu,
auoaeathuea ec onoaiiaeaiiuo a iioeae?iai/iie /anoe oaeoe/aneeo
ianoiyoaeuenoa. Iiyoiio anee noae i?eciaao naeaeeo iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie,
ii ia oeaaeao a ?aciethoeaiie /anoe eaeea ia?u iaiaoiaeeii i?eiaieoue e
eaaeaeie ec noi?ii ii oaeie naeaeea, oaeia ?aoaiea aoaeao ia?ooaoue
o?aaiaaiey i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiia.
Anee noae onoaiaaeeaaao ii?aaeaeaiiue ii?yaeie eee n?ie eniieiaiey
?aoaiey, ia?auaao ?aoaiea e iaiaaeeaiiiio eniieiaieth, a oaeaea
i?eieiaao ia?u e iaania/aieth eniieiaiey ?aoaiey, ia yoii oaeaea
oeacuaaaony a ?aciethoeaiie /anoe ?aoaiey.
Iaeioi?ua ?aoaiey eniieiythony iaiaaeeaiii iinea auianaiey.
Aeaenoaothuaa caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ?acee/aao aeaa aeaea iaiaaeeaiiiai
eniieiaiey ?aoaiey — iaycaoaeueiia eee iaiaoiaeeiia (no. 210 AIE) e
oaeoeueoaoeaiia eee ii oniio?aieth noaea (no. 211 AIE).
Noaeo a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai aueoe ca i?aaeaeu
cayaeaiiiai enea (no. 195 AIE). Oae, ii aeaeai i acuneaiee ca?aaioiie
ieaou noae iiaeao ii naiae eieoeeaoeaa eiaeaene?iaaoue acuneeaaaioth
noiio, anee i?eciaao yoi iaiaoiaeeiui aeey caueou caeiiiuo eioa?ania
enooea.
A caaeneiinoe io iniaaiiinoae ?ac?aoaaiiai a?aaeaeaineiai aeaea
niaea?aeaiea ?aciethoeaiie /anoe iiaeao auoue ?acee/iui. Oae, a
?aciethoeaiie /anoe ?aoaiey i i?enoaeaeaiee aeaiaaeiuo noii n
th?eaee/aneeo eeoe oa?aeoa? acuneeaaaiuo noii e n eaeiai n/aoa ioaao/eea
a aaiea aeieaeia auoue nienaia i?enoaeaeaiiay noiia (no. 199 AIE). I?e
i?enoaeaeaiee eiouanoaa a iaoo?a noae oeacuaaao a ?aoaiee noieiinoue
eiouanoaa, eioi?ay aeieaeia auoue acuneaia n ioaao/eea, anee i?e
eniieiaiee ?aoaiey i?enoaeaeaiiiai eiouanoaa a iaee/ee ia ieaaeaony (no.
200 AIE). I?e auianaiee ?aoaiey, iaycuaathuaai ioaao/eea niaa?oeoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua aeaenoaey, ia naycaiiua n ia?aaea/ae eiouanoaa eee
aeaiaaeiuo noii, noae a oii aea ?aoaiee iiaeao oeacaoue, /oi anee
ioaao/ee ia eniieieo ?aoaiea a oa/aiea onoaiiaeaiiiai n?iea, oi enoaoe
ai?aaa i?iecaanoe yoe aeaenoaey ca n/ao ioaao/eea ni acuneaieai n iaai
iaiaoiaeeiuo ?anoiaeia. Anee oeacaiiua aeaenoaey iiaoo auoue niaa?oaiu
oieueei ioaao/eeii, noae onoaiaaeeaaao a ?aoaiee n?ie, a oa/aiea
eioi?iai ?aoaiea aeieaeii auoue eniieiaii (no. 201 AIE). I?e auianaiee
?aoaiey a iieueco ianeieueeeo enooeia noae oeacuaaao, a eaeie aeiea iii
ioiineony e eaaeaeiio ec ieo, eee oeacuaaao, /oi i?aai acuneaiey
yaeyaony nieeaea?iui. I?e auianaiee ?aoaiey i?ioea ianeieueeeo
ioaao/eeia noae oeacuaaao, a eaeie aeiea eaaeaeue ec ioaao/eeia aeieaeai
auiieieoue ?aoaiea, eee oeacuaaao, /oi eo ioaaonoaaiiinoue yaeyaony
nieeaea?iie (no. 202 AIE).
Iaaeinoaoee iioeae?iai/iie e ?aciethoeaiie /anoae iau/ii aeaeoo ioiaio
?aoaiey. Ii eneo *. e eiiaiaee?o aieineie /anoe ia ii?iaa?aeaiee
naaaeaiee, oiaeythueo /anoue e aeinoieinoai, e i eiiiainaoeee
ii?aeueiiai a?aaea noae ia?aie einoaioeee auian ?aoaiea i acuneaiee a
iieueco *. eiiiainaoeee 100 000 ?oaeae. A niioaaonoaee n /. 5 no. 197
AIE ?aciethoeaiay /anoue ?aoaiey aeieaeia niaea?aeaoue auaiae noaea ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiee enea eee ia ioeaca a enea iieiinoueth eee a /anoe.
Iaeiaei ie a iioeae?iai/iie, ie a ?aciethoeaiie /anoe ?aoaiey, ia
niaea?aeeony auaiae noaea a /anoe ?anniio?aiey o?aaiaaiey enooea ia
ii?iaa?aeaiee ia niioaaonoaothueo aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe o?aaiaaiee. A
?aoaiee, e?iia oiai, ionoonoaiaaee auaiaeu i oii, eaeea ii?iu
iaoa?eaeueiiai i?aaa iiaeeaaeao i?eiaiaieth a aeaiiii aeaea, ionoonoaoao
i?aaiaay ioeaiea nnueie enooea ia /. 5 no. 18 Caeiia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee “I noaoona aiaiiineoaeauaai” e ia no. 152 AE ?O. Auaiae i
iaiaoiaeeiinoe eiiiainaoeee enooeo ii?aeueiiai a?aaea naeaeai aac
ioeaiee aeiaiaeia enooea i oii, /oi yoio a?aae aue i?e/eiai aio a
?acoeueoaoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey ioaao/eeii naaaeaiee, ii?i/aueo aai /anoue e
aeinoieinoai.
§ 3. O?aaiaaiey i?aaeuyaeyaiua e noaeaaiiio ?aoaieth
Iniiaiuie o?aaiaaieyie, i?aaeuyaeyaiuie e noaeaaiiio ?aoaieth, yaeythony
aai caeiiiinoue e iainiiaaiiinoue (no. 192 AIE).
Iiae caeiiiinoueth ?aoaiey iiieiaaony i?aaeeueiia i?eiaiaiea noaeii,
?acae?athuei a?aaeaeaineia aeaei, ii?i iaoa?eaeueiiai e
i?ioeannoaeueiiai i?aaa.
Ieaioi Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?NON? a Iinoaiiaeaiee ? 9 io 26 naioya?y 1996 a.
?acuyniee, /oi ?aoaiea caeiiii, anee auianaii i?e oi/iii niaethaeaiee
ii?i i?ioeannoaeueiiai i?aaa e a no?iaii niioaaonoaee n iiaeeaaeaueie
i?eiaiaieth ii aeaeo ii?iaie iaoa?eaeueiiai i?aaa eeai iniiaaii ia
i?eiaiaiee a iaiaoiaeeiuo neo/ayo caeiia, ?aaoee?othuaai noiaeiia
i?aaiioiioaiea, eeai enoiaeeo ec iaueo ia/ae e niunea
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. A ?aoaiee aeieaeiu auoue oeacaiu ii?iu
iaoa?eaeueiiai e i?ioeannoaeueiiai i?aaa, eioi?ui ?oeiaiaenoaiaaeny noae
i?e ?ac?aoaiee aeaea.
Noae aeieaeai aua?aoue e i?eiaieoue i?e ?ac?aoaiee a?aaeaeaineiai aeaea
iaaeeaaeauoth ii?io e i?aaeeueii enoieeiaaoue a niioaaonoaee n aa
niuneii e niaea?aeaieai. Ia?aae i?eiaiaieai noae iaycai, ai-ia?auo,
oaaaeeoueny a oii, /oi aeaiiay ii?ia yaeyaony aeaenoaothuae, o. a. /oi
iia ia ioiaiaia e ia eciaiaia iineaaeothuei ii?iaoeaiui aeoii, i?yii
oeacuaathuei ia yoi, eeai niaea?aeauei eiia ?aoaiea yoiai aii?ina.
Ai-aoi?uo, noae iaycai ioeaieoue niaea?aeaiea yoie i?aaiaie ii?iu ia
i?aaeiao niioaaonoaey aa iieiaeaieyi Eiinoeoooeee ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee. A neo/aa iaia?oaeaiey i?ioeai?a/ee i?eiaiyoue neaaeoao
Eiinoeoooeeth ?O a ea/anoaa ii?iaoeaiiai aeoa i?yiiai aeaenoaey. Ia yoi
noaeu i?yii i?eaioe?otho Iinoaiiaeaiea Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O ? 8
io 31 ieoya?y 1995 a. “I iaeioi?uo aii?inao i?eiaiaiey Eiinoeoooeee
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee i?e inouanoaeaiee i?aainoaeey”.
I?e i?iaaea caeiia i?eiaiyaony ii?ia, ?aaoee?othuay noiaeiua ioiioaiey
(aiaeiaey caeiia). Iaeiaei i?e ionoonoaee e oaeiai caeiia noae aeieaeai
enoiaeeoue ec iaueo ia/ae e niunea niaaoneiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa
(aiaeiaey i?aaa). I?e ?ac?aoaiee nii?a noae iiaeao a nayce n oai, /oi
oaeie aeae i?aaiioiioaiee ia i?aaeoniio?ai caeiiii, a oaeaea e iao
noiaeiiai caeiia, eo ?aaoee?othuaai, enoiaeeoue ec iaueo ia/ae e niunea
niaaoneiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.
A neeo niunea no. 305 AIE ?aoaiea n/eoaaony iacaeiiiui, anee noae,
ai-ia?auo, i?eiaiee caeii, ia iiaeeaaeauee i?eiaiaieth; ai-aoi?uo, ia
i?eiaiee caeii, iiaeeaaeauee i?eiaiaieth; a-o?aoueeo, iai?aaeeueii
enoieeiaae caeii. Ia?aia iiaeao eiaoue ianoi i?e iai?aaeeueiie
eaaeeoeeaoeee th?eaee/aneeo acaeiiioiioaiee noi?ii e ioeaea, aeiiouaiiie
a iiieiaiee noa?u aeaenoaey caeiia ai a?aiaie, i?ino?ainoaa, ii e?oao
eeoe e i?aaeiaoo ?aaoee?iaaiey. Aoi?ay a?oiia iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue
niaie iniaoth ?aciiaeaeiinoue ia?aiai aeaea. Aaaeue i?eiaiyy caeii, ia
iiaeeaaeauee i?eiaiaieth, noae iau/ii ia i?eiaiyao oio caeii, eioi?ue
aeieaeai auoue i?eiaiai ii aeaiiiio aeaeo. Iaeiaei yoa neooaoeey iiaeao
eiaoue e aiieia naiinoiyoaeueiia cia/aiea. Eae i?aaeei, yoi ioiineony e
ecuyoeyi ec iaueo i?aaee, eioi?ua iiaoo onoaiaaeeaaoueny niaoeeaeueiuie
i?aaiauie ii?iaie eee aeaaea ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie (eueaiou,
i?aaeinoaaeaiiua oai eee eiui eeoeai, iniaue i?aaiaie ?aaeei ioaeaeueiuo
aeaeia eiouanoaa e ae?.). Iai?aaeeueiia enoieeiaaiea ii?iu naycaii eeai
n iai?aaeeueiui ?anoe?aieai eeai /?acia?iui ia?aie/aieai noa?u aa
aeaenoaey, a oaeaea n eneaaeaieai ii?yaeea e niiniaia aa i?eiaiaiey.
Iiae iainiiaaiiinoueth ?aoaiey iiieiathony iieiioa e aeieacaiiinoue
ianoiyoaeuenoa, eiathueo nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea aeey aeaea, a oaeaea
niioaaonoaea auaiaeia noaea, oeacaiiuo a ?aoaiee, ianoiyoaeuenoaai,
onoaiiaeaiiui a noaeaaiii canaaeaiee.
A i. 1 Iinoaiiaeaiey Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O “I noaeaaiii ?aoaiee”
io 26 naioya?y 1973 a. (n eciaiaieyie, aianaiiuie Iinoaiiaeaieai io 26
aeaeaa?y 1995 a. ? 9) neacaii, /oi ?aoaiea neaaeoao i?eciaaaoue
iainiiaaiiui oiaaea, eiaaea a iai io?aaeaiu eiathuea cia/aiea aeey aeaea
oaeou, iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiua i?iaa?aiiuie noaeii aeieacaoaeuenoaaie.
?aoaiea n/eoaaony iainiiaaiiui, ai-ia?auo, anee noaeii enneaaeiaaiu ana
ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eiathuea cia/aiea aeey aeaea; ai-aoi?uo, anee a iniiao
?aoaiey noaea iieiaeaiu oieueei oa ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eioi?ua noae
onoaiiaee n iiiiuueth aeieacaoaeuenoa, iaiin?aaenoaaiii enneaaeiaaiiuo
ei a caea noaeaaiiai canaaeaiey; a-o?aoueeo, anee auaiaeu noaea i i?aaao
e iaycaiiinoyo noi?ii, ?ani?aaeaeaiee noaeaaiuo ?anoiaeao e o. ae.
niioaaonoaotho ei aea naiei onoaiiaeaiiui ianoiyoaeuenoaai aeaea.
E?iia oiai, enoiaey ec aai cia/aiey e nouiinoe, noaeaaiia
?aoaieaaeieaeii auoue ii?aaeaeaiiui, aaconeiaiui e iieiui.
Ii?aaeaeaiiinoue noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey i?iyaeyaony a eaoaai?e/iii e /aoeii
ioaaoa noaea ia aii?in i oii, eaeea i?aaa e eaeea iaycaiiinoe
i?eiaaeeaaeao eaaeaeie ec noi?ii. Ii?aaeaeaiiinoue ?aoaiey yaeyaony
iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai aai iineaaeothuaai eniieiaiey. ?aoaiea iiyoiio ia
aeiioneaao aeueoa?iaoeaiuo noaeaeaiee, eioi?ua aeaeatho iaaiciiaeiui
i?eioaeeoaeueiia aai eniieiaiea. Iaeiaei o?aaiaaiea ii?aaeaeaiiinoe ia
i?aiyonoaoao auianaieth oae iacuaaaiuo oaeoeueoaoeaiuo ?aoaiee, a
eioi?ii i?aaeoniao?eaaaony caiaia iniiaiiai i?aaeiaoa eniieiaiey
aeiiieieoaeueiui ia neo/ae iaaiciiaeiinoe eniieiaiey (no. 200 AIE).
Aaconeiaiinoue ?aoaiey au?aaeaaony a /aoeii e en/a?iuaathuai eceiaeaiee
ii?yaeea e niiniaia aai eniieiaiey, ia aeiioneathueo onoaiiaeaiey
eaeeo-eeai oneiaee, io ianooieaiey eioi?uo au caaenaei eniieiaiey
?aoaiey.
§ 4. Ono?aiaiea iaaeinoaoeia ?aoaiey noaea
Noae, auianoee ?aoaiea, ii iauaio i?aaeeo ia iiaeao aai ie eciaiyoue ie
aeiiieiyoue, iineieueeo ieeoi ia iiaeao auoue noaeueae a naiai
nianoaaiiii aeaea. A oi aea a?aiy caeii aeiioneaao aiciiaeiinoue
eni?aaeaiey ioaeaeueiuo iaaeinoaoeia ?aoaiey auianoei aai noaeii.
E oeie/iui, ii iaaeaeaoaeueiui iaaeinoaoeai noaeaaiuo ?aoaiee ioiinyony
eo iaiieiioa eee iaaeinoaoi/iay yniinoue. Yoe iaaeinoaoee iiaeii
ono?aieoue iooai auianaiey aeiiieieoaeueiiai ?aoaiey e ?acuyniaiey
?aoaiey. E?iia oiai, aeey ono?aiaiey iaaeinoaoeia ?aoaiey nouanoaoao
oaeaea ii?ia ia eni?aaeaiee a?eoiaoe/aneeo e a?aiiaoe/aneeo ioeaie.
Oaeea aiciiaeiinoe i?aaeinoaaeytho noaeo, auianoaio ?aoaiea,
aeaenoaothuea a?aaeaeaineea i?ioeannoaeueiua ii?iu.
Aeaiiia i?aaeei yaeyaony eneeth/aieai ec iauaai iieiaeaiey i oii, /oi
ana ioeaee ?aoaiey, naycaiiua n auianaieai aai ii nouanoao, eni?aaeyao
eeai eannaoeeiiiay, eeai iaaeci?iay einoaioeey.
Aeiiieieoaeueiia ?aoaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie niinia ainiieiaiey
iaiieiiou ia?aiia/aeueiiai ?aoaiey. Iii iiaeao auoue auianaii eeoue
i?eiaieoaeueii e o?aaiaaieyi, ?anniio?aiiui noaeii, auianoei
ia?aiia/aeueiia ?aoaiea. Aeiiieieoaeueiia ?aoaiea iiaeao auoue auianaii
noaeii eeoue a neo/ayo, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo no. 205 AIE ?NON?, e oieueei ia
iniiaaiee oaeoe/aneeo ianoiyoaeuenoa, eioi?ua auee onoaiiaeaiu i?e
?acae?aoaeuenoaa aeaea.
Caeii (no. 205 AIE) eiie?aoece?oao, a eaeeo eiaiii neo/ayo aiciiaeii
ia?auaiea n i?inueaie i auianaiee noaeii aeiiieieoaeueiiai ?aoaiey:
a) anee ii eaeiio-eeai o?aaiaaieth ia auei auianaii ?aoaiea, oioy
o?aaiaaiea auei cayaeaii noaeo. Iai?eia?, enoaoe i?inee aicianoeoue
i?e/eiaiiue aai caei?iaueth oua?a, i?e/eiaiiue oo?aoie
o?oaeiniiniaiinoe, a oaeaea ?anoiaeu ia aeiiieieoaeueiia ieoaiea e
ea/aiea. Noae aeae ioaao eeoue ia ia?aoth /anoue o?aaiaaiey, a i
?anoiaeao ia ieoaiea e ea/aiea a ?aoaiee ie/aai ia neacae;
a) anee noae ?aoee iieiaeeoaeueii aii?in i i?aaa, ii ia oeacae ?acia?a
i?enoaeaeaiiie noiiu eiouanoaa, iiaeeaaeauae ia?aaea/a, eee aeaenoaee,
eioi?ua iaycai niaa?oeoue ioaao/ee. Iai?eia?, auian ?aoaiea i acuneaiee
aeeiaioia, ii ia oeacae ?acia? acuneaiey;
a) anee inoaeny ia ?aoaiiui noaeii aii?in i noaeaaiuo ?anoiaeao.
Auianaiea aeiiieieoaeueiiai ?aoaiey ii i?inueaa eeoe, o/anoaothueo a
aeaea, eee ii eieoeeaoeaa noaea aiciiaeii eeoue a oa/aiea 10 aeiae ni
a?aiaie auianaiey iniiaiiai ?aoaiey ii aeaeo.
I?iiouaiiue ii oaaaeeoaeueiie i?e/eia n?ie aeey iinoaiiaee aii?ina i
auianaiee aeiiieieoaeueiiai ?aoaiey iiaeao auoue ainnoaiiaeai noaeii a
ii?yaeea, i?aaeoniio?aiiii no. 105 AIE.
Cayaeaiea i auianaiee aeiiieieoaeueiiai ?aoaiey ?anniao?eaaaony a
noaeaaiii canaaeaiee n ecaauaieai eeoe, o/anoaothueo a aeaea.
Aeiiieieoaeueiia ?aoaiea iiaeao auoue iaaeaeiaaii eee ii?ioanoiaaii a
eannaoeeiiiii ii?yaeea ia iaueo iniiaaieyo.
?acuyniaiea ?aoaiey noaeii, aai auianoei, icia/aao ono?aiaiea iayniinoe,
ae?aaoaeny a oaeno ?aoaiey e cao?oaeiythuae aiciiaeiinoue eniieiaiey
?aoaiey (no. 206 AIE).
I?inueao i ?acuyniaiee ?aoaiey iiaeatho o/anoieee aeaea eee noaeaaiue
eniieieoaeue. Iia oaeiaeaoai?yaony noaeii, anee ?aoaiea aua ia eniieiaii
e ia enoae n?ie, a oa/aiea eioi?iai aiciiaeii i?eioaeeoaeueiia
eniieiaiea.
?acuyniaiea ?aoaiey ii?aaeaeaieai noaea inouanoaeyaony a noaeaaiii
canaaeaiee. Caeioa?aniaaiiua eeoea ecaauathony i aai a?aiaie e ianoa, ii
eo iayaea ia i?aiyonoaoao aiciiaeiinoe ?anniio?aoue i?inueao i
?acuyniaiee ?aoaiey.
Iiae aeaeii ?acuyniaiey ?aoaiey iaaiciiaeii iaiyoue aai niaea?aeaiea eee
?ac?aoaoue aii?inu, eioi?ua ia auee ?anniio?aiu i?e ?acae?aoaeuenoaa
aeaea.
E /eneo iaaeinoaoeia ?aoaiey, eioi?ua iiaeao eni?aaeoue auianoee aai
noae, ioiinyony oaeaea a?eoiaoe/aneea ioeaee, iienee. Eni?aaeaiea iienie
e yaiuo a?eoiaoe/aneeo ioeaie aeiioneaaony iooai auianaiey ii?aaeaeaiey
(no. 204 AIE). Iiae aeaeii oaeeo eni?aaeaiee iaeuecy aiineoue iii?aaee,
iaiythuea nouanoai ia?aiia/aeueiiai ?aoaiey.
Aii?in ia ono?aiaiee aeaoaeoia ?aoaiey ?anniao?eaaaony a noaeaaiii
canaaeaiee ii cayaeaieth eeoe, o/anoaothueo a aeaea, eee ii eieoeeaoeaa
noaea. Iayaea a noae o/anoaothueo a aeaea eeoe, ecaauaiiuo i a?aiaie e
ianoa canaaeaiey, ia i?aiyonoaoao ?anniio?aieth aii?ina. Iaiaoiaeeiua
eni?aaeaiey ?aoaiey io?aaeathony a ii?aaeaeaiee noaea, eioi?ia caaa?oaao
i?ioeann.
§ 5. Caeiiiay neea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey
Caeiiiay neea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey — iniaia naienoai ?aoaiey,
i?eia?aoaaiia ei i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo e caeeth/athuaany a oii, /oi
iinea ianooieaiey yoeo oneiaee ?aoaiea noaiiaeony iaycaoaeueiui aeey
anao e iaeciaiiui aeey noaea, aai auianoaai.
?aoaiea anooiaao a caeiiioth neeo ii enoa/aiee n?iea ia eannaoeeiiiia
iaaeaeiaaiea eee ii?ioanoiaaiea, anee iii ia auei iaaeaeiaaii eee
ii?ioanoiaaii. A neo/aa iaaeaeiaaiey (ii?ioanoiaaiey) ?aoaiea anooiaao a
caeiiioth neeo, anee auoanoiyuee noae ioeeiiee eannaoeeiiioth aeaeiao
eee i?ioano (no. 208 AIE).
?aoaiey Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, ?aoaiey ia?iaeiuo
noaeia ii aeaeiaai ia iai?aaeeueiinoe a nieneao ecae?aoaeae e ii aeaeai
ia inia?eaaiee aeaenoaee e ?aoaiee, ia?ooathueo i?aaa a?aaeaeai,
anooiatho a caeiiioth neeo iaiaaeeaiii e iaaeaeiaaieth e ii?ioanoiaaieth
a eannaoeeiiiii ii?yaeea ia iiaeeaaeao. Niaeanii no. 267 Eiaeaena ia
aaeieieno?aoeaiuo i?aaiia?ooaieyo ?NON? ?aoaiea noaea, ninoiyaoaany ii
aeaeiaa ia iinoaiiaeaiey ii aeaeo ia aaeieieno?aoeaiii i?aaiia?ooaiee,
yaeyaony ieii/aoaeueiui e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, oaeaea ia iiaeeaaeeo
eannaoeeiiiiio iaaeaeiaaieth e ii?ioanoiaaieth, a cia/eo e anooiaao a
caeiiioth neeo iaiaaeeaiii iinea iinoaiiaeaiey.
Ii iauaio i?aaeeo, ?aoaiea ia iiaeao auoue eniieiaii aei anooieaiey a
caeiiioth neeo. N iiiaioa anooieaiey a caeiiioth neeo ?aoaiea
i?eia?aoaao cia/aiea caeiia aeey eiie?aoiiai nii?a.
Eaeiau aea iineaaenoaey anooieaiey ?aoaiey noaea a caeiiioth neeo?
Anooiea a caeiiioth neeo, ?aoaiea i?eia?aoaao naienoaa
iaii?iaa?aeeiinoe, eneeth/eoaeueiinoe, iaycaoaeueiinoe e
i?athaeeoeeaeueiinoe.
Iaii?iaa?aeeiinoue ?aoaiey ninoieo a oii, /oi iii ia iiaeao auoue
inii?aii, ia iiaeeaaeeo iaaeaeiaaieth. Noae ia?aie einoaioeee iinea
anooieaiey ?aoaiey a caeiiioth neeo ia ai?aaa i?eieiaoue io eiai au oi
ie auei aeaeiau ia yoi ?aoaiea, a eannaoeeiiiay einoaioeey i?iaa?youe
yoe aeaeiau. A eneeth/eoaeueiuo neo/ayo iai?aaeeueiia ?aoaiea,
anooieaoaa a caeiiioth neeo, iiaeao auoue ia?aniio?aii a ii?yaeea
noaeaaiiai iaaeci?a eee ii aiiaue ioe?uaoeiny ianoiyoaeuenoaai.
Eiaaony oaeaea iaeii eneeth/aiea, aeiioneathuaa ?anniio?aiea
eannaoeeiiiie aeaeiau ia oaea anooieaoaa a caeiiioth neeo ?aoaiea. Yoi
iiaeao i?iecieoe, anee eeoei iiaeaao aeaeiao iinea oiai, eae aeaei oaea
?anniio?aii a eannaoeeiiiie einoaioeee. Oaeay aeaeiaa aeieaeia auoue
i?eiyoa aianoa n i?inueaie i ainnoaiiaeaiee i?iiouaiiiai n?iea. Anee
noae ni/oao i?e/eiu i?iionea oaaaeeoaeueiuie, ii ainnoaiiaeo aai. A yoie
neooaoeey aeaeiaa aianoa n aeaeii iai?aaeyaony a eannaoeeiiioth
einoaioeeth. Anee eannaoeeiiiay einoaioeey i?eaeao e auaiaeo, /oi oaeay
aeaeiaa eee i?ioano aeieaeiu aea/ue ioiaio ia?aiai eannaoeeiiiiai
ii?aaeaeaiey, oi iia, auiiny ii?aaeaeaiea, iai?aaeyao aeaei
i?aaenaaeaoaeth noaea n i?aaenoaaeaieai i i?eianaiee i?ioanoa a ii?yaeea
iaaeci?a (no. 285 AIE).
Eneeth/eoaeueiinoue — naienoai ?aoaiey, icia/athuaa, /oi nii? iaaeaeo
noi?iiaie eeeaeaee?iaai e iaeuecy auianoe ?aoaiea aua ?ac ii nii?o
iaaeaeo oaie aea noi?iiaie, i oii aea i?aaeiaoa e ii oai aea iniiaaieyi.
Iiaoi?iia ia?auaiea a noae aeieaeii aea/ue ca niaie ioeac a i?eiyoee
cayaeaiey (no. 129 AIE) eeai ii?aaeaeaiea i i?ae?auaiee aeaea
i?iecaiaenoaii (no. 219 AIE).
Iaycaoaeueiinoue ?aoaiey icia/aao aai iaycaoaeueiinoue aeey anao, eoi n
iei oae eee eia/a noieeiaony. Ana yoe eeoea iaycaiu o/eouaaoue a naieo
aeaenoaeyo aeaiiia noaeaaiia ?aoaiea. Iie oaeaea iaycaiu ieacuaaoue
niaeaenoaea aai eniieiaieth. Ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu e aeieaeiinoiua
eeoea iaycaiu i?aaei?eieiaoue ana iaiaoiaeeiua aeaenoaey ii ?aaeno?aoeee
i?aa, iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiuo anooieaoei a caeiiioth neeo ?aoaieai noaea.
Aeey oao ?aoaiee, eioi?ua eanathony ia i?eciaiey i?aaa, a i?enoaeaeaiey
aeieaeieea e niaa?oaieth ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeaenoaee, anooieaiea ?aoaiey a
caeiiioth neeo naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aiciiaeiinoe aai i?eioaeeoaeueiiai
eniieiaiey. Iaycaoaeueiinoue ?aoaiey, oaeei ia?acii, icia/aao aai
eniieieiinoue. Eniieieiinoue ?aoaiey icia/aao, /oi ia eniieiaiiia
aeia?iaieueii ?aoaiea iiaeao auoue eniieiaii a i?eioaeeoaeueiii
ii?yaeea. Aeey yoiai caeioa?aniaaiiiio eeoeo auaeaaony eniieieoaeueiue
eeno.
Ec iauaai i?aaeea i oii, /oi ?aoaiea eniieiyaony iinea anooieaiey a
caeiiioth neeo, nouanoaotho eneeth/aiey: iaycaoaeueiia e oaeoeueoaoeaiia
iaiaaeeaiiia eniieiaiea.
Iaycaoaeueiia iaiaaeeaiiia eniieiaiea inouanoaeyaony a neeo i?yiiai
i?aaeienaiey caeiia. A niioaaonoaee ni no. 210 AIE iaiaaeeaiiiio
eniieiaieth iiaeeaaeao ?aoaiey:
1) i i?enoaeaeaiee aeeiaioia;
2) i i?enoaeaeaiee ?aai/aio eee neoaeauaio ca?aaioiie ieaou, ii ia nauoa
/ai ca iaeei ianyoe;
3) i i?enoaeaeaiee eieoicieeo iieaou ca o?oae, ii ia nauoa n?aaeiaai
ca?aaioea ca iaeei ianyoe;
4) i ainnoaiiaeaiee ia ?aaioa iacaeiiii oaieaiiiai eee ia?aaaaeaiiiai
?aaioieea;
5) i iacia/aiee aeaou auai?ia i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey e auai?iuo aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Oaeoeueoaoeaiia iaiaaeeaiiia eniieiaiea inouanoaeyaony ii i?inueaa
enooea, i?eiyoie noaeii. Niaeanii no. 211 AIE iiaoo auoue iaiaaeeaiii
eniieiaiu ?aoaiey iieiinoueth eeai a /anoe:
1) i i?enoaeaeaiee ieaoaaeae a aiciauaiea a?aaea, i?e/eiaiiiai oaa/ueai
eee eiui iia?aaeaeaieai caei?iauey, a oaeaea nia?oueth ei?ieeueoea;
2) i i?enoaeaeaiee aiciaa?aaeaeaiey, i?e/eoathuaainy aaoi?o ca
eniieueciaaiea aai aaoi?neiai i?aaa, aaoi?o ioe?uoey, ecia?aoaoaeth,
eiathuaio aaoi?neia naeaeaoaeuenoai, ca eniieueciaaiea aai ecia?aoaiey,
aaoi?o ?aoeeiiaeecaoi?neiai i?aaeeiaeaiey ca aai i?aaeeiaeaiea e aaoi?o
i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?acoea, eiathuaio naeaeaoaeuenoai, ca eniieueciaaiea
yoiai ia?acoea;
3) ii anai ae?oaei aeaeai, anee aneaaenoaea iniauo ianoiyoaeuenoa
caiaaeeaiea a eniieiaiee ?aoaiey iiaeao i?eaanoe e cia/eoaeueiiio oua?ao
aeey acuneaoaey eee naiia eniieiaiea iiaeao ieacaoueny iaaiciiaeiui.
I?e aeiiouaiee iaiaaeeaiiiai eniieiaiey ii iniiaaieyi, oeacaiiui a
ioieoa 3 ianoiyuae noaouee, noae eee noaeuey iiaeao iio?aaiaaoue io
enooea iaania/aiey iiai?ioa eniieiaiey ?aoaiey ia neo/ae ioiaiu ?aoaiey
noaea eee noaeuee.
Aii?in i aeiiouaiee iaiaaeeaiiiai eniieiaiey ?aoaiey ?anniao?eaaaony a
noaeaaiii canaaeaiee. Eeoea, o/anoaothuea a aeaea, ecaauathony i a?aiaie
e ianoa canaaeaiey, iaeiaei eo iayaea ia yaeyaony i?aiyonoaeai aeey
?ac?aoaiey aii?ina i iaiaaeeaiiii eniieiaiee.
Ia ii?aaeaeaiea noaea eee noaeuee ii aii?ino i iaiaaeeaiiii eniieiaiee
?aoaiey iiaeao auoue iiaeaia /anoiay aeaeiaa eee i?eianai i?ioano.
Iiaea/a /anoiie aeaeiau eee i?ioanoa ia ii?aaeaeaiea i iaiaaeeaiiii
eniieiaiee ?aoaiey ia i?einoaiaaeeaaao eniieiaiea yoiai ii?aaeaeaiey.
I?athaeeoeeaeueiinoue ?aoaiey icia/aao, /oi n/eoathony onoaiiaeaiiuie
io?aaeaiiua a iai ioiioaiey e oaeou. Ae?oaea noaeu (ainoaea?noaaiiua e
oiaa?euaneea), aaeieieno?aoeaiua i?aaiu, iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee,
?anniao?eaay nii?iua aii?inu, eanathueany ?anniio?aiiuo noaeii ioiioaiee
e oaeoia, ia aeieaeiu ianoaeaeaoue eo caiiai. I?aaeaeu acaeiiie
i?athaeeoeeaeueiie iaycaoaeueiinoe i?eaiai?ia a noaeaaiuo ?aoaieyo
ii?aaeaeaiu caeiiii. I?athaeeoeeaeueiinoue iaania/eaaao onoie/eainoue
?aoaiey, iaeaa/aao a aeaeueiaeoai i?ioeann aeieacuaaiey, ono?aiyao
aiciiaeiinoue auianaiey i?ioeai?a/aueo ae?oa ae?oao iinoaiiaeaiee
noaeaaiuo i?aaiia.
Eneeth/aiea ninoaaeytho eeoue oa, eoi ia o/anoaiaae a i?ioeanna, ii /uee
i?aaa cao?iioou ?aoaieai. Caeii i?aaeinoaaeyao oaeei eeoeai i?aai
caueoeoue naie eioa?anu i?aaeuyaeaieai enea eee eiui caeiiiui iooai.
Caeiiiay neea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey eiaao i?aaeaeu. Aa aeaenoaey ia?aie/aii
ii i?aaeiaoo (iauaeoo) e noauaeoai.
Iauaeoeaiua i?aaeaeu icia/atho, /oi caeiiiay neea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey
?ani?ino?aiyaony oieueei ia oa oaeou e i?aaiioiioaiey, eioi?ua auee
onoaiiaeaiu noaeii i?e ?ac?aoaiee aeaea. Oaeei ia?acii, oa oaeou,
eioi?ua ia enneaaeiaaeenue noaeii ia?aie einoaioeee iiaoo
?anniao?eaaoueny a ea/anoaa naiinoiyoaeueiiai iniiaaiey aeey
i?aaeuyaeaiey enea. ?aaiui ia?acii i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe noi?ii, i eioi?uo
noae ie/aai ia neacae a naiai ?aoaiee ii aeaeo e eioi?ua ia auee
i?aaeiaoii noaeaaiiai ?acae?aoaeuenoaa, iiaoo noaoue i?aaeiaoii iiaiai
enea.
Noauaeoeaiua i?aaeaeu ia?aie/eaatho aeaenoaea caeiiiie neeu ?aoaiey
e?oaii eeoe, o/anoaothueo a aeaea, i?eaea/aiiuo noaeii eeai anooieaoeo a
iaai ii nianoaaiiie eieoeeaoeaa. Caeiiiay neea ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia yoeo
eeoe e ia eo i?aaii?aaiieeia. Aeey inoaeueiuo a?aaeaeai e th?eaee/aneeo
eeoe, /uee i?aaa iiaoo auoue cao?iioou aeaiiui ?aoaieai, nouanoaoao
aiciiaeiinoue i?aaeuyaeaiey enea ia iaueo iniiaaieyo.
I?aaeea i caeiiiie neea ?aoaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiu aeey anao aeaeia ?aoaiee
— eae iniiaiiai, oae e aeiiieieoaeueiiai, eae iau/iiai, oae e cai/iiai.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
1. Eiiiaioa?ee e A?aaeaeaineiio i?ioeannoaeueiiio eiaeaeno ?NON?. I.,
1997.
2. TH.O. Eoaoaa “Aaeaieao a oaieiaiii aeaea” I., 1997.
3. Nai?iee iinoaiiaeaiee ieaioiia aa?oiaiuo noaeia NNN? E ?NON? ii
a?aaeaeaineei aeaeai I., 1997.
4. A?aaeaeaineee i?ioeann. I., 1998.
5. A?aeo?aaeiue i?ioeannoaeueiue eiaeaen ?O.
6. Atheeaoaiue Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O. 1996- 1997. ? 1-7.
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