?aoa?ao ii i?aaiaaaeaieth ia oaio:
«I?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea a?a/iuo ioiioaiee»
Niaea?aeaiea
Aaaaeaiea.
?aaeno?aoeey a?aea
I?eciaiea a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui.
I?aaiioiioaiey noi?oaia.
A?a/iue aeiaiai?.
?anoi?aeaiea a?aea.
Naiaeiua ioiioaiey n o/anoeai eiino?aiiuo a?aaeaeai e eeoe aac
a?aaeaeainoaa.
Caeeth/aiea.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u.
Aaaaeaiea
Ciaiea th?eaee/aneie noi?iiu a?aea i/aiue aaaeii, oae eae yoi iiiiaeao
anai oai, eoi aeaeaao aueoe caioae eee aeaieoueny, aieaa na?ueacii
ioiineoueny e oaeiio oaao, a oaeaea i?aaeioa?aoeoue iiiaea aaaeu e
i?iaeaiu i?e ?acaiaea e ?acaeaea eiouanoaa. Aieueoeinoai ethaeae,
anooiay a a?ae, ia ciatho, eae auoue oi?ioei ioaeai eee aeaiie, a
aiai?eoue i oii, /oi iie ciatho i?aaiaua aii?inu a?a/iiai nithca e
aiai?eoue iaeuecy.
ss /anoi /eoath a aacaoao, eae ethaee iinoiyiii caaeatho aaeaieaoai e
th?enoai aii?inu, eanathueany naiaeiie aeecie. ss aeoiaea, /oi yoi
ii?iaeueii – ia ethaie eioa?anothuee iaiy aii?in, eacaeinue, oae o?oaeii
iaeoe ioaao n?aaee anao yoeo caeiiia. Ieacuaaaony ana aii?inu,
eanathueany iaeiie oaiu, nia?aiu a Eiaeaen, e iaaei i?inoi acyoue e
iiniio?aoue eo a yoie eeoa?aoo?a.
Ethaee a iaoae no?aia th?eaee/anee aaca?aiioiu. Yoi aeaeii ii
caaeaaaaiui aii?inai – aieueoeinoai ec aii?inia ianeiaeiua: ioaeii
anaai-oi iiniio?aoue iaeio eee aeaa noaouee. Oae e i?e ?acaiaea auaoea
noi?oae ia/eiatho aeaeeoue, ae?aoueny – eiio e /oi aeinoaiaony. A aio a
NOA caeeth/aoue a?a/iue aeiaiai? iau/iia aeaei e i?e ?acaiaea ana
i?ioaeaao ie?ii e aac i?iaeai, ia oi, /oi o ian.
Oeaeueth aeaiiiai ?aoa?aoa yaeyaony iciaeiieaiea n i?aaiaui
?aaoee?iaaieai a?a/iuo aii?inia.
?aaeno?aoeey a?aea
A?ae ii ?inneeneiio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao – th?eaee/anee ioi?ieaiiue
naiaiaeiue e aeia?iaieueiue nithc ioae/eiu e aeaiueiu, iai?aaeaiiue ia
nicaeaiea naiuee e ii?iaeaeathuee aeey ieo acaeiiua ee/iua e
eiouanoaaiiua i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe. Naiaiaea e aeia?iaieueiinoue
anooieaiey a a?ae iaania/eaathony ?aaiii?aaeai ioae/eiu e aeaiueiu,
cae?aieaiiui Eiinoeoooeeae ?O.
Caeii oe?iei o?aeooao iiiyoea «/eai naiuee».
E /eaiai naiuee iiieii noi?oaia ioiinyony: aeaae, aaaea, a?aouey,
nano?u, io/ei, ia/aoa, ianuiie, iaae/a?eoea.
TH?eaee/aneia ioi?ieaiea a?aea ninoieo a aai ?aaeno?aoeee, eiathuae
i?aaiia?acothuaa cia/aiea: oieueei a?ae, ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiue a
onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea, ii?iaeaeaao i?aaiaua iineaaenoaey. ?aaeno?aoeey
a?aea i?iecaiaeeony iooai aianaiey niioaaonoaothuae caiene a eieao
?aaeno?aoeee aeoia a?aaeaeaineiai ninoiyiey (aeoiaay eieaa) e auaea/e
a?aaeaeaiai naeaeaoaeuenoaa i a?aea ia iniiaaiee yoie caiene.
?aaeno?aoeey a?aea i?iecaiaeeony a eioa?anao io?aiu ee/iuo e
eiouanoaaiiuo i?aa noi?oaia, eo aeaoae, a oaeaea eiuo eeoe, naycaiiuo
?iaenoaii eee naienoaii.
A ?innee ?aaeno?aoeey a?aea i?iecaiaeeony oieueei iaaeaeo eeoeaie
?aciiai iiea. A Ieaea?eaiaeao a 1991 aiaeo iaeioi?ua ioieoeeiaeeoaou
?ac?aoeee aiiinaenoaeenoai ?aaeno?e?iaaoue naie a?ae. A NOA a aeaoo
ooaoao ?aaeno?e?otho iaeiiiieua a?aee.
NE (naiaeiue eiaeaen) ?O a noaoueyo 12,13,14 onoaiaaeeaaao oneiaey
caeeth/aiey a?aea, o.a. ianoiyoaeuenoaa, iaee/ea eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeii
aeey i?eaeaiey a?aeo th?eaee/aneiai cia/aiey, e i?aiyonoaey e
caeeth/aieth a?aea, o.a. ianoiyoaeuenoaa, aeaeathuea caeeth/aiea a?aea
iai?aaiia?iui. Oneiaeyie caeeth/aiey a?aea yaeythony:
1) acaeiiia niaeanea eeoe, anooiathueo a a?ae; eo aiey aeieaeia auoue
au?aaeaia naiaiaeii e iacaaeneii; oieueei iaiin?aaenoaaiii naie yoe
eeoea iiaoo ?aoeoue aii?in i nicaeaiee naiuee; ?inneeneia
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ia aeiioneaao caeeth/aiey a?aea /a?ac i?aaenoaaeoaey,
oae eae aiey ia anooieaiea a a?ae aeieaeia auoue au?aaeaia ee/ii;
i?ioeaii?aaiui yaeyaony i?eioaeaeaiea e anooieaieth a a?ae iooai oa?ic,
ianeeey eeai eiiai aicaeaenoaey;
2) aeinoeaeaiea a?a/iiai aic?anoa; a?a/iue aic?ano a ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee – 18 eao; ii niaiaaeaao n aic?anoii a?aaeaeaineiai
niaa?oaiiieaoey; caeiiiaeaoaeue enoiaeeo ec oiai, /oi eiaiii e yoiio
aic?anoo eeoei noaiiaeony oece/anee e ineoe/anee aeinoaoi/ii c?aeui,
/oiau i?aaeeueii ioeaieoue aaaeiinoue e iineaaenoaey oaeiai aeoa, eae
anooieaiea a a?ae; caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ia onoaiaaeeaaao i?aaeaeueiiai
aic?anoa aeey anooieaiey a a?ae; ia eiaao th?eaee/aneiai cia/aiey e
?acieoea a aic?anoa eeoe, anooiathueo a a?ae.
Caeiiii i?aaeoniio?aii, /oi i?e iaee/ee oaaaeeoaeueiuo i?e/ei i?aaiu
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey ai?aaa ?ac?aoeoue anooieoue a a?ae eeoeai,
aeinoeaoei 16 eao. NE ?O aeicaieyao onoaiaaeeaaoue caeiiaie noauaeoia ?O
ii?yaeie e oneiaey, i?e iaee/ee eioi?uo anooieaiea a a?ae a aeaea
eneeth/aiey i?e iaee/ee iniauo ianoiyoaeuenoa iiaeao auoue ?ac?aoaii
eeoeai, ia aeinoeaoei 16 eao. ?ac?aoaiea ia anooieaiea a a?ae eeoeai, ia
aeinoeaoei 18 eao, iiaeao auoue aeaii a oaeeo neo/ayo, eae aa?aiaiiinoue
iaaanou, ?iaeaeaiea ?aaaiea, neiaeeaoeany naiaeiua ioiioaiey e o.i.
I?e nieaeaiee a?a/iiai aic?anoa a a?ae anooiatho eeoea, ia aeinoeaoea
iieiie a?aaeaeaineie aeaaniiniaiinoe. Anooiea a a?ae, iie iaaeaeythony
ee/iuie e eiouanoaaiiuie i?aaaie e iaycaiiinoyie, a oii /enea
iaycaiiinoyie ii ainieoaieth aeaoae. A nayce n yoei no. 21 AE ?O
onoaiiaeea, /oi a neo/ayo, eiaaea caeiiii aeiioneaaony anooieaiea a a?ae
aei aeinoeaeaiey 18 eao, a?aaeaeaia i?eia?aoatho iieioth
aeaaniiniaiinoue n iiiaioa anooieaiey a a?ae. Aeaaniiniaiinoue
nio?aiyaony a iieiii iauaia e a neo/aa ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea aei
aeinoeaeaiey 18 eao. I?e i?eciaiee a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui noae iiaeao
i?eiyoue ?aoaiea ia oo?aoa ianiaa?oaiiieaoiei noi?oaii iieiie
aeaaniiniaiinoe n iiiaioa, ii?aaeaeyaiiai noaeii.
Caeiiii noi?ioee?iaaiu neaaeothuea i?aiyonoaey aeey anooieaiey a a?ae:
1) ia aeiioneaaony caeeth/aiea a?aea iaaeaeo eeoeaie, ec eioi?uo oioy au
iaeii ninoieo a ae?oaii ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiii a?aea; yoio cai?ao auoaeaao
ec i?eioeeia aaeeiia?a/ey (iiiiaaiee), io?aaeathuaai i?aanoaaiiua
i?eioeeiu nia?aiaiiiai iauanoaa;
2) ia aeiioneaaony a?ae iaaeaeo ?iaenoaaiieeaie ii i?yiie ainoiaeyuae e
ienoiaeyuae eeiee, iaaeaeo iieii?iaeiuie e iaiieii?iaeiuie a?aoueyie e
nano?aie (aeaoe, eiathuea iaueo eeai iooea, eeai iaoue), iaaeaeo
onuiiaeoaeyie e onuiiaeaiiuie; cai?auaiea a?aeia iaaeaeo aeeceeie
?iaenoaaiieeaie i?iaeeeoiaaii aeieiae/aneeie, e i?aanoaaiiuie
niia?aaeaieyie, oae eae, ai-ia?auo, aeecei?iaenoaaiiua a?aee ?acei
iiauoatho /anoioo ianeaaenoaaiiuo caaieaaaiee o aeaoae, ?iaeaeaiiuo a
oaeii a?aea, a ai-aoi?uo, cai?ao ii?aaeaeyaony e i?aanoaaiiui iai?eyoeai
a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa e?iainiaoaiey; ?iaenoai aieaa ioaeaeaiiuo
noaiaiae, /ai oeacaii auoa, ia yaeyaony i?aiyonoaeai aeey caeeth/aiey
a?aea (iai?eia?, iaaeaeo aeaith?iaeiuie a?aoueyie e nano?ai e aiciiaeai,
ii eeoeai, anooiathuei a oaeie a?ae, neaaeoao, aeaeeii,
i?ieiinoeueoe?iaaoueny o niaoeeaeenoia ii ianeaaenoaaiiui caaieaaaieyi);
C) ia ?ac?aoaaony caeeth/aiea a?aea iaaeaeo eeoeaie, ec eioi?uo oioy au
iaeii i?eciaii iaaeaaniiniaiui, oae eae iii ia iiaeao naiaiaeii e
iacaaeneii au?aceoue naith aieth ia anooieaiea a a?ae.
Ia?a/aiue oneiaee caeeth/aiey a?aea e i?aiyonoaee e caeeth/aieth a?aea
iineo en/a?iuaathuee oa?aeoa?, o. a. ie iaeei ainoaea?noaaiiue i?aai eee
aeieaeiinoiia eeoei ia iiaeao auaeaeaaoue eaeea-eeai aeiiieieoaeueiua
oneiaey.
?aaeno?aoeey a?aea i?iecaiaeeony ia iniiaaiee ee/ii iiaeaiiiai
anooiathueie a a?ae a?aaeaeaiaie cayaeaiey a i?aaiu caiene aeoia
a?aaeaeaineiai ninoiyiey (CAAN) ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa iaeiiai ec ieo eee
eo ?iaeeoaeae. Caeeth/aiea a?aea i?iecaiaeeony a ee/iii i?enoonoaee eeoe
anooiathueo a a?ae, ii enoa/aiee ianyoea n iiiaioa iiaea/e
niioaaonoaothuaai cayaeaiey. I?e iaee/ee oaaaeeoaeueiuo i?e/ei i?aai
CAANa iiaeao ?ac?aoeoue caeeth/aiea a?aea aei enoa/aiey ianyoea eee
oaaee/eoue yoio n?ie, ii ia aieaa /ai ia iaeei ianyoe. Iinea
?aaeno?aoeee noi?oaai auaeaaony naeaeaoaeuenoai i a?aea.
A?ae – naiue aaaeiue oaa a aeecie ethaeae. ?aaeno?aoeey a?aea /anoi
iineo aeey ethaeae neiaiee/aneee oa?aeoa?, ii ii [a?ae] aiceaaaao
ii?aaeaeaiioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia ieo.
I/aiue oi?ioi, /oi caeii a iaoae no?aia ?ac?aoaao eiaoue oieueei iaeio
aeaio eee iaeiiai ioaea. Aeaaea a Aeaeee iaienaii, /oi o ioaea aeieaeia
auoue iaeia aeaia.
I?eciaiea a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui
A?ae iiaeao auoue i?eciai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui, anee caeeth/ai: i?e
ionoonoaee acaeiiiai niaeaney; n eeoeii, ia aeinoeaoei a?a/iiai aic?anoa
(anee aic?ano ia aue nieaeai a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea); i?e iaee/ee oioy
au o iaeiiai ec noi?oaia ae?oaiai aieaa ?aiiaai ia?anoi?aiooiai a?aea; n
eeoeii iaaeaaniiniaiui; n aeeceei ?iaenoaaiieeii. I?eciaaony
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui e oeeoeaiue a?ae, o.a. a?ae aac iaia?aiey nicaeaoue
naiueth.
Ionoonoaea acaeiiiai niaeaney — iaeii ec iniiaaiee i?eciaiey a?aea
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui. Noae iiaeao i?eciaoue a?ae iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui a
nayce n oai, /oi eeoei ia iiiaio caeeth/aiey a?aea ia iiaei iniciaoue
cia/aiey naieo aeaenoaee a neeo aieaciaiiiai ninoiyiey ineoeee, oioy ia
yoio iiiaio iii e ia auei eeoaii aeaaniiniaiinoe. Ionoonoaoao naiaiaeiia
e aeia?iaieueiia niaeanea ia caeeth/aiea a?aea e a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea
eeoei aeaenoaiaaei iiae aeeyieai ianeeey, iaiaia, caaeoaeaeaiey
ioiineoaeueii th?eaee/aneie nouiinoe a?aea. Iaeiaei caaeoaeaeaiea
ioiineoaeueii iauanoaaiiiai eee eiouanoaaiiiai ninoiyiey aoaeouaai
noi?oaa, ninoiyiey aai caei?iauey, anooiathueo a a?ae, ia niioaaonoaoao
eo enoeiiui iaia?aieyi. Anooiay a a?ae, iie ia eiatho oeaee nicaeaoue
naiueth, a i?aneaaeotho oeaeue i?eia?aoaiey eiouanoaaiiuo eee eiuo aeaa
(i?aai ia aeeeieiuaaeue, ion?i/ea io neoaeau a a?iee e o.ae.). I?eciaiea
oeeoeaiiai a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui aea/ao ca niaie e ioiaaeaiea anao
i?eoycaiee, iniiaaiiuo ia yoii a?aea. Io oeeoeaiiai a?aea neaaeoao
ioee/aoue a?ae, caeeth/aiiue ii eiouanoaaiiui eee eaeei-eeai eiui
aeeoaeneei niia?aaeaieyi (oae iacuaaaiue a?ae ii ?an/aoo). Anee i?e yoii
ioae/eia e aeaiueia nicaeatho naiueth, oi oaeie a?ae, aaconeiaii,
yaeyaony aeaenoaeoaeueiui, oae eae caeii ia i?iaiaeeo ieeaeie
aeeooa?aioeeaoeee iioeaia caeeth/aiey a?aea.
NE ?O a /. 3 no. 15 onoaiiaee, /oi anee iaeii ec eeoe, anooiathueo a
a?ae ne?uei io ae?oaiai iaee/ea aaia?e/aneie aieacie eaee AE* –
eioaeoeee iineaaeiaa ai?aaa ia?aoeoueny a noae n o?aaiaaieai i i?eciaiee
a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui. Naii ii naaa iaee/ea oeacaiiuo caaieaaaiee ia
yaeyaony iniiaaieai, eneeth/athuei aiciiaeiinoue ?aaeno?aoeee a?aea.
Oaieiaiia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai (no. 121, 122 OE ?O) i?aaeoniao?eaaao
oaieiaioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ca?aaeaiea ae?oaiai eeoea aaia?e/aneie
aieaciueth eeoeii, ciaaoei i iaee/ee o naay yoie aieacie, a /oi eanaaony
AE*-eioaeoeee, oi oaieiaiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue i?aaeoniao?eaaaony aeaaea
ca caaaaeiiia iinoaaeaiea a iianiinoue ca?aaeaiey ae?oaiai eeoea, a ia
oieueei ca ca?aaeaiea aeaiiie aieaciueth.
Nie?uoea iaeiei ec anooiathueo a a?ae eeoe iaee/ey o iaai eaeiai-eeai
ae?oaiai caaieaaaiey, e?iia oeacaiiuo auoa, ia yaeyaony oi?iaeueiui
iiaiaeii e iinoaiiaea aii?ina i i?eciaiee a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui.
Iaaeeoeeineia ianeaaeiaaiea eeoe, anooiathueo a a?ae, a oaeaea
eiinoeueoe?iaaiea ii iaaeeei-aaiaoe/aneei aii?inai e aii?inai
ieaie?iaaiey naiuee i?eaiaeyony o/?aaeaeaieyie ainoaea?noaaiiie e
ioieoeeiaeueiie nenoaiu cae?aaiio?aiaiey oieueei n niaeaney eeoe,
anooiathueo a a?ae. ?acoeueoaou ianeaaeiaaiey ninoaaeytho iaaeeoeeineoth
oaeio e iiaoo auoue niiauaiu ae?oaiio eeoeo oieueei n niaeaney oiai, eoi
i?ioae ianeaaeiaaiea. Yoi i?aaeei iniiauaaaony ia eiinoeoooeeiiiii i?aaa
eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea ia iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue ee/iie aeecie, ee/ioth e
naiaeioth oaeio (no. 2 Eiinoeoooeee ?O).
A?ae iiaeao auoue i?eciai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui oieueei noaeii ii eneo
caeioa?aniaaiiiai eeoea — noi?oaa, /uee i?aaa ia?ooaiu, i?ieo?i?a i?aaia
iiaee e iiia/eoaeuenoaa. Iineaaenoaey i?eciaiey a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui
ninoiyo a oii, /oi ii ia ii?iaeaeaao i?aa e iaycaiiinoae noi?oaia,
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo naiaeiui i?aaii. A?a/iue aeiaiai?, caeeth/aiiue
noi?oaaie, a yoii neo/aa oaeaea i?eciaaony iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui. I?eciaiea
a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui ia aeeyao ia aeaoae, ?iaeeaoeony a oaeii a?aea
eee a oa/aiea 300 aeiae ni aeiy i?eciaiey a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui. I?e
auianaiee ?aoaiey i i?eciaiee a?aea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui noae ai?aaa
i?eciaoue ca noi?oaii, i?aaa eioi?iai ia?ooaiu (aeia?iniaanoiui
noi?oaii), i?aai ia iieo/aiea io ae?oaiai noi?oaa niaea?aeaiey, anee yoi
i?aaeoniio?aii caeiiii, a oaeaea i?eciaoue aeaenoaeoaeueiui a?a/iue
aeiaiai? iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii. Aeia?iniaanoiue noi?oa ai?aaa
o?aaiaaoue aiciauaiey, i?e/eiaiiiai aio iaoa?eaeueiiai e ii?aeueiiai
a?aaea ii i?aaeeai, i?aaeoniio?aiiui a?aaeaeaineei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii,
a oaeaea ai?aaa nio?aieoue oaieeeth, eca?aiioth ei i?e ?aaeno?aoeee
a?aea.
I?aaiioiioaiey noi?oaia
I?aaiioiioaiey, aicieeathuea iaaeaeo noi?oaaie, iiaoo iineoue ee/iue e
eiouanoaaiiue oa?aeoa?. Ee/iua i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe a ioee/ea io
eiouanoaaiiuo ia eiatho yeiiiie/aneiai niaea?aeaiey e oaniui ia?acii
naycaiu n ee/iinoueth noi?oaa, ia ioaeaeeiu iaa. Ee/iua i?aaa
iaio/oaeaeaaiu, iie ia iiaoo auoue i?aaeiaoii eaeeo-eeai naeaeie. *enei
ee/iuo i?aa noi?oaia, oeacaiiuo a caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa n?aaieoaeueii
iaaaeeei, oae eae ee/iua acaeiiioiioaiey noi?oaia a neeo naiie i?e?iaeu
iaeiaiaa anaai niiniaiu iiaeaa?aaoueny i?aaiaiio ?aaoee?iaaieth.
A no. 31 NE ?O cae?aieai i?eioeei ?aaainoaa noi?oaia a naiuea,
iniiaaiiue ia eiinoeoooeeiiiii ?aaiii?aaee a?aaeaeai, a oii /enea
iacaaeneii io iiea. Naiaeiia i?aai i?aaeoniao?eaaao niaianoiia ?aoaiea
noi?oaaie aii?inia naiaeiie aeecie ia ia?eoaoiuo ia/aeao.
Noi?oae niaianoii ?aoatho oaeea aii?inu, eae i?enaiaiea eiai aeaoyi, eo
ainieoaiea, ia?aciaaiea, aaaeaiea aeiiaoiaai oicyenoaa e o.ae.
Iniaaiiinoue naiaeiuo ioiioaiee ninoieo a oii, /oi ?aaiii?aaea caeanue
iiieiaaony eia/a, /ai a ae?oaeo io?aneyo i?aaa. ?aoaiey ii naiaeiui
aii?inai i?eieiathony noi?oaaie a oie oi?ia, eioi?ay eo ono?aeaaao,
eioi?ay ii?aaeaeyaony eo naiaiaeiui auai?ii. Noi?oae naie ?aoatho,
eiaaea aii?in iaaei ianoaeeoue, a eiaaea iaeei ec noi?oaia aeiaa?yao
oiio i?eieiaoue oa eee eiua ?aoaiey (iaaiciiaeii niae?aoue naiaeiue
niaao eaaeaeue ?ac, eiaaea iaaei naeaeaoue caia/aiea ?aaaieo eee
aua?aoue eaeie oeaa eoieoue e caao?aeo). I?aai — neeoeii a?oaue
eino?oiaio aeiy naiaeiuo ioiioaiee e i?eiaiyaony ii ainoaea?noaii
oiaaea, eiaaea noi?oae ia iiaoo naiinoiyoaeueii, iiethaiaii ?aoeoue
naiaeiua i?iaeaiu. A i. 3 no. 31 NE ?O aiai?eony ia iaycaiiinoe noi?oaia
no?ieoue ioiioaiey a naiuea ia iniiaa acaeiioaaaeaiey e acaeiiiiiiue,
niaeaenoaiaaoue aeaaiiieo/eth e oe?aieaieth naiuee, caaioeoueny i
aeaaininoiyiee e ?acaeoee naieo aeaoae. Yoe ii?iu, ia niio?y ia eo
ecaanoioth aeaeea?aoeaiinoue, oai ia iaiaa, neoaeao iiaeaeueth naiaeiuo
acaeiiioiioaiee, iaeia?yaiuo ainoaea?noaii.
E /eneo ee/iuo i?aa noi?oaia ioiineony i?aai ia naiaiaeiue auai? ?iaea
caiyoee, i?ioannee, ianoa i?aauaaiey e aeeoaeuenoaa. Yoi icia/aao, /oi
eaaeaeue noi?oa eiaao i?aai ?aoaoue aeaiiua aii?inu ii nianoaaiiie aiea
iacaaeneii io aiee eee niaeaney ae?oaiai noi?oaa. Oae, ia?aiaia ianoa
aeeoaeuenoaa iaeiei ec noi?oaia ia aea/ao iaycaiiinoe ae?oaiai noi?oaa
ia?aaoaoue aianoa n iei. Iaeiaei nioeeaeueiua ooieoeee naiuee
auiieiythony iaeeo/oei ia?acii, eae i?aaeei, i?e niaianoiii i?iaeeaaiee
noi?oaia. A nayce n yoei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai niaea?aeeo ?yae ii?i,
iaania/eaathueo aiciiaeiinoue noi?oaai i?iaeeaaoue aianoa. Iai?eia?, i?e
ia?aaiaea noi?oaa ia ?aaioo a ae?oaoth ianoiinoue iaania/eaaaony
ia?aacae aianoa n iei aoi?iai noi?oaa e /eaiia naiuee (iiea/eaaaony
i?iacae, nooi/iua).
E /eneo ee/iuo i?aa ioiineony i?aai noi?oaa ia auai? oaieeee i?e
caeeth/aiee e ?anoi?aeaiee a?aea. Oaieeey auiieiyao aaaeioth
nioeeaeueioth ?ieue eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeee ee/iinoe a iauanoaa.
Niaeanii no.19 AE ?O a?aaeaeaiei i?eia?aoaao e inouanoaeyao i?aaa e
iaycaiiinoe eneeth/eoaeueii iiae naiei eiaiai, eioi?ia aeeth/aao a
ea/anoaa ninoaaiuo /anoae oaieeeth, nianoaaiii eiy, a oaeaea io/anoai,
anee eiia ia auoaeaao ec caeiia eee iaoeeiiaeueiiai iau/ay.
Eeoei iieo/aao oaieeeth ?iaeeoaeae (eee iaeiiai ec ?iaeeoaeae), oaeaea
eae e nianoaaiii eiy, i?e ?aaeno?aoeee ?iaeaeaiey. I?e caeeth/aiee a?aea
noi?oae iiaoo ii nianoaaiiiio aeaeaieth aua?aoue oaieeeth iaeiiai ec ieo
a ea/anoaa iauae eee inoaaeoue aeia?a/iua oaieeee. Iau/iui yaeyaony
auai? noi?oaaie iauae oaieeee (/aua ioaea) n oai, /oiau o noi?oaia e
aeaoae auea iauay oaieeey. A oi aea a?aiy ia yaeythony ?aaeeeie neo/ayie
nio?aiaiey eaaeaeui ec noi?oaia aeia?a/iie oaieeee, iau/ii ii iioeaai
i?eia?aoaiiie aei a?aea ecaanoiinoe, a neeo naiaeiie o?aaeeoeee e o. ae.
I?e ?anoi?aeaiee a?aea noi?oa, eciaieaoee a a?aea naith oaieeeth, iiaeao
nio?aieoue aa eee aa?iooue naaa aeia?a/ioth oaieeeth. Niaeanea aoi?iai
noi?oaa aeey yoiai ia o?aaoaony.
Auiieiaiea naiueae iacaaiiuo auoa nioeeaeueiuo ooieoeee o?aaoao iaee/ey
ii?aaeaeaiiiai iaoa?eaeueiiai eiiieaena, a nayce, n /ai iaaeaeo
noi?oaaie aicieeatho eiouanoaaiiua ioiioaiey ii iiaiaeo naiaeiie
nianoaaiiinoe e acaeiiiai iaoa?eaeueiiai niaea?aeaiey (aeeiaioia).
Caeii cae?aieyao ?yae i?aaee, ?aaoee?othueo ioiioaiey noi?oaia ii
iiaiaeo nianoaaiiinoe. Noi?oae iaeaaeatho i?aaii niaianoiie
nianoaaiiinoe ia eiouanoai, iaaeeoia a ia?eiae a?aea. E oaeiio eiouanoao
ioiinyony aeioiaeu eaaeaeiai ec noi?oaia io o?oaeiaie
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe, ?acoeueoaoia eioaeeaeooaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, iieo/aiiua eie iainee, iiniaey. Iauei eiouanoaii
noi?oaia yaeythony oaeaea i?eia?aoaiiua ca n/ao iaueo aeioiaeia noi?oaia
aeaeaeeiua e iaaeaeaeeiua aaue, oeaiiua aoiaae, iae, aeeaaeu e ethaia
ae?oaia iaaeeoia noi?oaaie a ia?eiae a?aea eiouanoai iacaaeneii io oiai,
ia eiy eiai ec noi?oaia iii i?eia?aoaii eeai ia eiy eiai eee eai ec
noi?oaia aianaiu aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa. Iniaaiiinoue iauae niaianoiie
naiaeiie nianoaaiiinoe caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi i?aai ia iauaa eiouanoai
i?eiaaeeaaeeo oaeaea noi?oao, eioi?ue a ia?eiae a?aea inouanoaeye
aaaeaiea aeiiaoiaai oicyenoaa, ooiae ca aeaoueie eee ii ae?oaei
oaaaeeoaeueiui i?e/eiai (o/aaa, aieaciue e o.i.) ia eiae
naiinoiyoaeueiiai aeioiaea.
Niaianoiay nianoaaiiinoue – yoi iauay nianoaaiiinoue aac ii?aaeaeaiey
aeieae. O/anoieee niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoe niiaua aeaaeatho e
iieuecothony iauei eiouanoaii. ?anii?yaeaiea yoei eiouanoaii
inouanoaeyaony ii eo iauaio niaeaneth, eioi?ia i?aaeiieaaaaony
iacaaeneii io oiai, eai ec o/anoieeia niaa?oaaony naeaeea. O/anoiee
niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia iiaeao i?iecaanoe io/oaeaeaiey naiae aeiee a
i?aaa naiae nianoaaiiinoe ia iauaa eiouanoai, ia?aaeaoue eee iiaea?eoue
aa ae?oaiio eeoeo. Aeey yoiai ii aeieaeai nia/aea ii?aaeaeeoue e
auaeaeeoue naith aeieth. E?oa o/anoieeia niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoe
en/a?iuaathuei ia?acii onoaiiaeai caeiiii e ia iiaeao auoue ?anoe?ai ii
aeaeaieth ae?oaeo o/anoieeia niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoe.
A iauae aeieaaie nianoaaiiinoe eaaeaeue o/anoiee eiaao ca?aiaa
ii?aaeaeaiioth aeieth nianoaaiiinoe. A eiiiaioa?ee e NE ?O aiai?eony,
/oi yoie aeieae ii iiaeao naiinoiyoaeueii ?anii?yaeaoueny: iiaea?eoue,
ia?aaeaoue, ioaeaoue a caeia n niaethaeaieai i?aaa i?aeiouanoaaiiie
iieoiee aa ae?oaeie o/anoieeaie aeieaaie nianoaaiiinoe. Ii, eiaaea iie
?iaeeoaee ioi?ieyee aea?noaaiioth ia iaiy e iith nano?o, ieeoi ec ieo ia
iia iiaea?eoue naith aeieth eiio-ieaoaeue aac niaeaney ae?oaiai noi?oaa,
oioy o ieo e auea iauay aeieaaay nianoaaiiinoue.
I?e ?acaiaea ii caeiio niaianoii iaaeeoia eiouanoai aeaeeony iiiieai, ii
a iiae naiuea ana auei iaiai?io: ioaoe iiaeaeaeae ni?aaeo i oii, /oi iiy
iaia iaaiaiyaia e i?iaeae naia eiouanoai, aeieacaoue /oi-eeai auei
iaaiciiaeii, oae eae ii iiaeeoiee noaeueth.
Oaeoe/aneay naiaeiay aeeciue, ii aac ?aaeno?aoeee a?aea, ia nicaeaao
niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia eiouanoai. Aaeeinoaaiiui eneeth/aieai aoaeao
oio neo/ae, eiaaea eiouanoai auei iaaeeoi niaianoii eeoeaie,
i?iaeeaathueie a iaca?aaeno?e?iaaiiii a?aea n 1926 aiaea aei 8 ethey
1944, iineieueeo a oeacaiiue ia?eiae caeii i?eaeaaae oaeoe/aneei a?a/iui
ioiioaieyi oaeia aea i?aaiaia cia/aiea, eae e ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiiio a?aeo.
Eiouanoai, i?eia?aoaiiia eeoeii, ninoiyuei a oaeoe/aneeo a?a/iuo
ioiioaieyo a oeacaiiue ia?eiae, n/eoaaony eo niaianoiie
nianoaaiiinoueth.
Aeaaeaiea, iieueciaaiea e ?anii?yaeaiea iauei eiouanoaii noi?oaia
inouanoaeythony ii eo iaithaeiiio niaeaneth. I?e niaa?oaiee iaeiei ec
noi?oaia naeaeee ii ?anii?yaeaieth iauei eiouanoaii i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi
ii aeaenoaoao n niaeaney ae?oaiai noi?oaa. Oaeay naeaeea iiaeao auoue
i?eciaia noaeii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ii o?aaiaaieth aoi?iai noi?oaa
oieueei a neo/ayo, anee aeieacaii, /oi ae?oaay noi?iia naeaeee ciaea eee
caaaaeiii aeieaeia auea ciaoue i ianiaeanee aoi?iai noi?oaa n
niaa?oaieai yoie naeaeee. Aeey niaa?oaiey naeaeee ii ?anii?yaeaieth
iaaeaeaeeiinoueth e naeaeee, o?aaothuae iioa?eaeueiiai oaeinoiaa?aiey e
(eee) ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee (i?iaeaaea aeiia, naaeiaiai o/anoea
e o. i.), iaiaoiaeeii iieo/eoue iioa?eaeueii oaeinoiaa?aiiia niaeanea
ae?oaiai noi?oaa.
Eiouanoai, i?eiaaeeaaeaaoaa eaaeaeiio ec noi?oaia aei anooieaiey a a?ae,
a oaeaea eiouanoai, iieo/aiiia iaeiei ec noi?oaia ai a?aiy a?aea a aea?,
yaeyaony aai nianoaaiiinoueth. Aaue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey
(iaeaaeaea, iaoaue e o. i.) ca eneeth/aieai ae?aaioeaiiinoae e ae?oaeo
i?aaeiaoia ?ineioae, i?eciathony nianoaaiiinoueth oiai noi?oaa, eioi?ue
ei iieueciaaeny.
Aaue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey – iaeaaeaea, iaoaue, einiaoe/aneea
n?aaenoaa, ea/aaiua i?eai?u e ae?., aeaaea anee iie i?eia?aoaiu ca n/ao
iaueo n?aaenoa noi?oaia, yaeythony eiouanoaii eaaeaeiai noi?oaa.
Eneeth/aiey naeaeaiu aeey ae?aaioeaiiinoae e ae?oaeo i?aaeiaoia ?ineioe.
A iiiyoea ae?aaioeaiiinoae aeeth/athony cieioua aaue e ae?oaea
thaaee?iua ecaeaeey ec ae?aaioeaiiuo e iieoae?aaioeaiiuo iaoaeeia e
eaiiae. E i?aaeiaoai ?ineioe ioiinyony oeaiiua aaue, i?iecaaaeaiey
eneonnoaa, aioeeaa?iua e oieeaeueiua ecaeaeey, eieeaeoeee e ae?oaea
aaue, eioi?ua ia yaeythony iaiaoiaeeiuie aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey ianouiuo
iio?aaiinoae /eaiia naiuee. I?aaeiaou ?ineioe – iiiyoea ioiineoaeueiia,
iii iaiyaony a nayce n eciaiaieyie iauaai o?iaiy aeecie a iauanoaa.
Iiyoiio a caeiia neiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue, eaeea aaue neaaeoao n/eoaoue
i?aaeiaoaie ?ineioe. A neo/aa nii?a eo ii?aaeaeyao noae n o/aoii
eiie?aoiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa.
Noaeueaa i?aaeiaoia i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe noi?oaia, iai?eia?
eiioea?oiiai ?iyey aeey iocueaioa, eiiiuethoa?a aeey i?ia?aiienoa e
o.i., a NE ?O ia ii?aaeaeaia. Anee eo noieiinoue iacia/eoaeueiay, iie
iiaoo auoue ioianaiu e aauai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey, e
n/eoaoueny nianoaaiiinoueth noi?oaa. Iaeiaei iaeioi?ua ec ieo noiyo
i/aiue aei?iai, e iani?aaaaeeeai ioiineoue eo e nianoaaiiinoe oieueei
oiai noi?oaa, eioi?ue eie iieuecoaony, o.e. iie auee i?eia?aoaiu ia
iauea n?aaenoaa. Eo neaaeoao i?eciaoue niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoueth
noi?oaia.
?acaeae iauaai eiouanoaa noi?oaaie o?aaoee?iaai no. 38 e 39 NE. Noi?oae
iiaoo ?acaeaeeoue naia niaianoii iaaeeoia eiouanoai a ethaie iiiaio –
eae a ia?eiae a?aea, oae e iinea aai ?anoi?aeaiey. Neaaeiaaoaeueii,
i?aai ia ?acaeae iauaai eiouanoaa o o/anoieeia iauae niaianoiie
nianoaaiiinoe nouanoaoao anaaaea. ?acaeae eiouanoaa icia/aao i?ae?auaiea
iauae niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoe e iiyaeaiea ?acaeaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe
eaaeaeiai ec noi?oaia. Iauaa eiouanoai noi?oaia iiaeao auoue ?acaeaeaii
iaaeaeo ieie e ii iaithaeiiio niaeaoaieth, eioi?ia ii eo aeaeaieth
iiaeao auoue iioa?eaeueii oaeinoiaa?aii. A neo/aa nii?a ?acaeae iauaai
eiouanoaa noi?oaia i?iecaiaeeony a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea. Ana, /oi auei
i?eia?aoaii noi?oaaie ia iauea n?aaenoaa eneeth/eoaeueii aeey
oaeiaeaoai?aiey iio?aaiinoae eo ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo aeaoae, ?acaeaeo ia
iiaeeaaeeo e ia?aaeaaony aac eiiiainaoeee oiio ec noi?oaia, n eioi?ui
i?iaeeaatho aeaoe. Iaeeoei no?aieaiea ia?aaeeoue eae eiouanoaaiiua, oae
e ee/iua eioa?anu, ia aeinoeaoeo niaa?oaiiieaoey aeaoae, ?iaeeoaee
eioi?uo aeaeyo eiouanoai. Oi aea naiia iiaeii neacaoue i aeeaaea a
aaiea, aianaiiii noi?oaaie (iaeiei noi?oaii) ia eiy eo iaueo
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo aeaoae. Oaeea aeeaaeu aacioiineoaeueii e eo ?acia?o
n/eoathony i?eiaaeeaaeaueie yoei aeaoyi e ia o/eouaathony i?e ?acaeaea
eiouanoaa noi?oaia-?iaeeoaeae.
I?e ?acaeaea iauaai eiouanoaa noi?oaia e ii?aaeaeaiee aeieae a yoii
eiouanoaa aeiee noi?oaia i?eciathony ?aaiuie, anee eiia ia
i?aaeoniio?aii a?a/iui aeiaiai?ii. Noae ai?aaa ionooieoue io ia/aea
?aaainoaa aeieae noi?oaia, enoiaey ec eioa?ania ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo
aeaoae.
Iauea aeieae noi?oaia i?e ?acaeaea iauaai eiouanoaa ?ani?aaeaeythony
iaaeaeo noi?oaaie i?iii?oeeiiaeueii i?enoaeaeaiiui ei aeieyi.
Ana, i /ai aiai?eeinue auoa a ioiioaiee i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe noi?oaia,
ninoaaeyao iiiyoea caeiiiiai ?aaeeia eiouanoaa noi?oaia, o.a., ?aaeeia,
onoaiiaeaiiiai caeiiii e aeaenoaothuaai a neo/ayo, anee iaaeaeo
noi?oaaie ia caeeth/ai a?a/iue aeiaiai?. Noaouey 256 AE ?O aia?aua
i?aaeoniio?aea aiciiaeiinoue caeeth/aiey iaaeaeo noi?oaaie a?a/iiai
aeiaiai?a, aeaaa 8 NE ?O aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaii ?aaeaiaioe?oao aii?inu,
eanathueany a?a/iiai aeiaiai?a.
Eiaaea /eoaaoue noaouee i ?acaeaea eiouanoaa, eaaeaony yoi oae eaaei. Ii
i?aeoeea – yoi oieaeaiey e inei?aeaiey, eiio-oi aeinoaaony aieueoie eoo,
a ae?oaiio ie/aai. Iiyoiio naiue eo/oee niinia ecaaaeaoue i?iaeai –
caeeth/eoue a?a/iue aeiaiai?.
A?a/iue aeiaiai?
A?a/iui aeiaiai?ii i?eciaaony niaeaoaiea eeoe, anooiathueo a a?ae eee
niaeaoaiea noi?oaia, ii?aaeaeythuaa eo eiouanoaaiiua i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe
a a?aea e (eee) a neo/aa aai ?anoi?aeaiey. Neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea
ia oi, /oi a?a/iue aeiaiai? iiaeao ii?aaeaeyoue eiouanoaaiiua i?aaa e
iaycaiiinoe, ia cao?aaeaay ee/iuo i?aa noi?oaia, i
eioi?uo aiai?eeinue auoa. Ia eiaao cia/aiey, caeeth/ai ee a?a/iue
aeiaiai? oio/an iinea anooieaiey a a?ae eee nionoy iiiaea aiaeu iinea
a?aeini/aoaiey. Aeaaiia, /oiau ii ninoiyeny, iiea a?ae nouanoaoao.
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue noi?oaeaneeo ioiioaiee iau/ii neacuaaaony ia
niaea?aeaiee a?a/iiai aeiaiai?a. Anee ii caeeth/ai aei a?aea eee anei?a
iinea aai ioi?ieaiey, iauai eiouanoaaiiuo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae noi?oaia,
eae i?aaeei iaaaeee. A?a/iue aeiaiai? iiaeeaaeeo iioa?eaeueiiio
oaeinoiaa?aieth.
A?a/iue aeiaiai? iicaieyao:
1) naiaiaeii, ii nianoaaiiiio oniio?aieth ?anii?yaeaoueny naiei i?aaii;
2) i?aaeioa?aoeoue ia?ooaiea eiouanoaaiiuo i?aa eaaeaeiai ec noi?oaia;
3) i?aaeioa?aoeoue ia?ooaiea eiouanoaaiiuo i?aa iao?oaeiniiniaiiai,
ioaeaeathuaainy noi?oaa;
4) nio?aieoue ii?aaeaeaiioth noaaeeueiinoue a iaania/aiee eiouanoaaiiuo
i?aa noi?oaia;
5) aa?aioe?iaaoue niaethaeaiea eiouanoaaiiuo eioa?ania ia oieueei
oece/aneeo eeoe, ii e ainoaea?noaa.
Naiaia?acea a?a/iiai aeiaiai?a ninoieo a aai aioo?aiiai niaea?aeaiee.
Iii i?aaeii?aaeaeyaony iaueie i?aaeeaie, noi?ioee?iaaiiuie a no. 42 NE,
eioi?ua caeeth/athony a oii, /oi noi?oae ai?aaa:
1) eciaieoue onoaiiaeai caeiiii ?aaeei niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoe – aianoi
caeiiiiai aoaeao nouanoaiaaoue aeiaiai?iue ?aaeei eiouanoaa noi?oaia;
2) onoaiiaeoue ?aaeei niaianoiie, aeieaaie eee ?acaeaeueiie
nianoaaiiinoe ia ana eiouanoai noi?oaia eee ia aai ioaeaeueiua aai aeaeu
eee ia eiouanoai eaaeaeiai ec noi?oaia.
Iaei oiai, NE ii?aaeaeyao, /oi iiaeao noaoue niaea?aeaieai a?a/iiai
aeiaiai?a (i.1 no. 42):
1) i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe ii acaeiiiio niaea?aeaieth;
niiniau o/anoey a aeioiaeao ae?oa ae?oaa, /oi i/aiue aaaeii, eiaaea
noi?oaai i?eoiaeeony eiaoue aeaei n iaaeaeaeeiinoueth eee i?aaei?eyoeyi,
aeathuei eae i?eaueue, oae e oauoee, e o.i.;
2) ii?yaeie ianaiey eaaeaeui ec ieo naiaeiuo ?anoiaeia.
Yoio ia?a/aiue ia yaeyaony en/a?iuaathuei, iineieueeo a a?a/iue aeiaiai?
iiaoo auoue aianaiu ethaua eiua iieiaeaiey, eanathueany eiouanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee noi?oaia.
A?a/iue aeiaiai? ia iiaeao ia?aie/eaaoue i?aainiiniaiinoue, ie
aeaaniiniaiinoue noi?oaia, e i?aai ia ia?auaiea a noae ca caueoie naieo
i?aa; ?aaoee?iaaoue ee/iua iaeiouanoaaiiua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo noi?oaaie,
i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe noi?oaia a ioiioaiee aeaoae; i?aaeoniao?eaaoue
iieiaeaiey, ia?aie/eaathuea i?aai iao?oaeiniiniaiiai ioaeaeathuaainy
noi?oaa ia iieo/aiea niaea?aeaiey; niaea?aeaoue ae?oaea oneiaey, eioi?ua
noaayo iaeiiai ec noi?oaia a e?aeia iaaeaaii?eyoiia iieiaeaiea eee
i?ioeai?a/ao iniiaiui ia/aeai naiaeiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.
A ii?yaeea eneeth/aiey ii o?aaiaaieth iaeiiai ec noi?oaia a?a/iue
aeiaiai?, iiaeao auoue, ?anoi?aioo, ii oieueei a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea e a
neaaeothueo neo/ayo, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo no. 450 e 451 AE e i.3 no. 43 NE:
i?e nouanoaaiiii ia?ooaiee aeiaiai?a ae?oaie noi?iiie;
i?e nouanoaaiiii eciaiaiee ianoiyoaeuenoa, ec eioi?uo noi?iiu enoiaeeee
i?e caeeth/aiee aeiaiai?a;
i?e i?ae?auaiee a?aea ?acaiaeii iacaaeneii io oiai, a eaeii ii?yaeea
a?ae ?anoi?aaeny.
A?a/iue aeiaiai? iiaeao auoue i?eciai noaeii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui a
neaaeothueo neo/ayo:
1) ii iniiaaieyi, i?aaeoniio?aiiui AE ?O aeey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo
naeaeie;
2) ii o?aaiaaieth iaeiiai ec noi?oaia, anee oneiaey aeiaiai?a noaayo aai
a e?aeia iaaeaaii?eyoiia iieiaeaiea.
Ai aoi?ii neo/aa a?a/iue aeiaiai? iiaeao auoue i?eciai
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui, anee auee ia?ooaiu oneiaey i aeaaniiniaiinoe eee
naiaiaea aieaecuyaeaiey i?e caeeth/aiee aeiaiai?a. A yoii neo/aa a?a/iue
aeiaiai? yaeyaony inii?eiui. E oaeei naeaeeai ioiinyony naeaeee,
niaa?oaiiua eeoeii, ia?aie/aiiui a aeaaniiniaiinoe, naeaeee,
caeeth/aiiua iiae aeeyieai caaeoaeaeaiey e ae?.
I?e caeeth/aiee a?a/iiai aeiaiai?a noi?oaai, ia eiathuei iauaai
a?aaeaeainoaa eee niaianoiiai ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa, neaaeoao eca?aoue
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai, eioi?ia iiaeeaaeeo i?eiaiyoue aeey ii?aaeaeaiey eo
i?aa e iaycaiiinoae ii a?a/iiio aeiaiai?o. Anee iie yoiai ia naeaeatho,
oi yoi naeaeaao noae.
NE ?O onoaiaaeeaaao ia oieueei ?aaeei eiouanoaa noi?oaia, ii i?aaeea
eniieiaiey noi?oaaie eiouanoaaiiuo iaycaoaeuenoa.
Iauea aeieae noi?oaia i?e ?acaeaea iauaai eiouanoaa ?ani?aaeaeythony
iaaeaeo noi?oaaie i?iii?oeeiiaeueii i?enoaeaeaiiui ei aeieyi. Acuneaiea
ia?auaaony ia iauaa eiouanoai noi?oaia oaeaea ii iaycaoaeuenoaai iaeiiai
ec noi?oaia, anee caeiiii onoaiiaeaii, /oi ana, iieo/aiiia ii
iaycaoaeuenoaai iaeiei ec noi?oaia, auei eniieueciaaii ia ioaeaeu
naiuee. ?a/ue eaeao, iai?eia?, i neo/ayo, eiaaea iaeei ec noi?oaia acye
e?aaeeo a aaiea e ec?anoiaeiaae aai ia iino?ieeo aeiia aeey naiae
naiuee. A neo/aa iaaica?auaiey e?aaeeoa acuneaiea iiaeao auoue ia?auaii
ia eiouanoai, iaoiaeyuaany a iauae niaianoiie nianoaaiiinoe.
Ii iaycaoaeuenoaai iaeiiai ec noi?oaia acuneaiea iiaeao auoue ia?auaii
eeoue ia eiouanoai yoiai noi?oaa.
Aaaeiui aeaeii eiouanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee iaaeaeo noi?oaai yaeythony
aeeiaioiua ioiioaiey. Noi?oae iaycaiu iaoa?eaeueii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue
ae?oa ae?oaa. Acaeiiay iiaeaea?aeea noi?oaia yaeyaony aee ieo ia oieueei
ii?aeueiie, ii e i?aaiaie iaycaiiinoueth. I?e iaiieo/aiee iiiiue io
noi?oaa ioaeaeathueeny a iiaeaea?aeea noi?oa a i?aaa ia?aoeoueny a noae
e acuneaoue ni aoi?iai noi?oaa aeeiaiou. Aeeiaioiua ioiioaiey yaeythony
no?iai ee/iuie, o. a. iie i?ae?auathony ni nia?oueth iaeiiai ec
noi?oaia.
I?aai o?aaiaaoue i?aaeinoaaeaiey aeeiaioia a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea io
ae?oaiai noi?oaa, iaeaaeathuaai iaiaoiaeeiuie aeey yoiai n?aaenoaaie,
eiatho:
1) iao?oaeiniiniaiue ioaeaeathueeny noi?oa;
2) aeaia a ia?eiae aa?aiaiiinoe e a oa/aiea o?ao eao ni aeiy ?iaeaeaiey
iauaai ?aaaiea;
3) ioaeaeathueeny noi?oa, inouanoaeythuee ooiae ca iauei
?aaaieii-eiaaeeaeii aei aeinoeaeaiey ?aaaieii aic?anoa 18 eao eee ca
iauei ?aaaieii-eiaaeeaeii n aeaonoaa 1 a?oiiu.
I?aai o?aaiaaoue i?aaeinoaaeaiey aeeiaioia a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea
nio?aiyaony a ?yaea neo/aaa e i?e i?ae?auaiee a?aea. Oae, yoi i?aai
i?aaeinoaaeaii caeiiii: 1) auaoae aeaia a ia?eiae aa?aiaiiinoe, a a
oa/aie? o?ao eao ni aeiy ?iaeaeaiey iauaai ?aaaiea; 2) ioaeaeathuaiony
auaoaio noi?oao, inouanoaeythuaio ooiae ca iauei ?aaaieii-eiaaeeaeii aei
aeinoeaeaiey ?aaaieii aic?anoa 18 eao eee ca iauei ?aaaieii-eiaaeeaeii n
aeaonoaa 1 a?oiiu; C) iao?oaeiniiniaiiio ioaeaeathuaiony auaoaio noi?oao
noaaoaio iao?oaeiniiniaiui aei ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea eee a oa/aiea aiaea n
iiiaioa ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea; 4)ioaeaeathuaiony noi?oao, aeinoeaoaio
iaineiiiiai aic?anoa ia iicaeiaa, /ai /a?ac iyoue eao n iiiaioa
?anoi?aeaiey a?aea, anee noi?oae ninoiyee a a?aea aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy.
Neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi iao?oaeiniiniaiui n/eoaaony noi?oa,
aeinoeaoee iaineiiiiai aic?anoa eee yaeythueeny eiaaeeaeii. Ii?aaeaeaiea
ioaeaeaaiinoe noi?oaa a iaoa?eaeueiie iiaeaea?aeea i?iecaiaeeony a
eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa, enoiaey ec aeioiaeia e iio?aaiinoae noi?oaa,
iaee/ey o iaai eaeaeeaaioeaa e ae?oaeo aeeciaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa.
Aeeiaiou iiaoo auoue acuneaiu oieueei n noi?oaa (auaoaai noi?oaa),
eioi?ue iaeaaeaao iaiaoiaeeiuie aeey yoiai n?aaenoaaie. Anee iaaeaeo
noi?oaaie iao niaeaoaiey ia oieaoa aeeiaioia, oi eo iacia/aao noae,
enoiaey ec oiai, /oiau aeeiaiou ii aiciiaeiinoe ia auee iaiueoa
i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia.
I?e ?acaiaea eae iieacuaaao i?aeoeea naiue neiaeiue aii?in – aeeiaiou e
?acaeae eiouanoaa. Aieueoeinoai a?aiaie th?eaee/aneeo oaeai?ia?aii
caieiatho aii?inu, iinayuaiiua aeeiaioai e ?acaeaeo eiouanoaa. Aio
i?eia? ec aeo?iaea «Aeiiaoiee aaeaieao» aii?in ? 123456:
„Ioae, 57 eao, iaei? ia iainee, ?acaaeny ni iiie iinea 37 eao a?aea. A
ianoiyuaa a?aiy ?aaioaao a io?aiiuo no?oeoo?ao. Ia?aaoae e ?iaeeoaeyi,
ioi?iea ?aioo n iiaeeciaiiui niaea?aeaieai. ss – iaineiia?ea, eiaaeeae,
auea eaeaeeaaieie. Eiath ee y i?aai ia aeeiaiou?”
Ioaao th?enoa Oaoueyiu Aeaenaiae?iaiu: „Aea, eiaaoa. A niioaaonoaee n
i.1 no.90 NE ?O i?aai o?aaiaaoue i?aaeinoaaeaiey aeeiaioia a noaeaaiii
ii?yaeea io auaoaai noi?oaa, iaiaoiaeeiuie aeey yoiai n?aaenoaaie, a
/anoiinoe, eiatho:
– iao?oaeiniiniaiue ioaeaeathueeny auaoee noi?oa, noaaoee
iao?oaeiniiniaiui aei ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea eee a oa/aiea aiaea n iiiaioa
?anoi?aeaiey a?aea;
– ioaeaeathueeny noi?oa, aeinoeaoee iaineiiiiai aic?anoa ia iicaeiaa /ai
/a?ac 5 eao n iiiaioa ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea, anee noi?oae ninoiyee a a?aea
aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy.
?acia? aeeiaioia e ii?yaeie eo i?aaeinoaaeaiey auaoaio noi?oao iinea
?anoi?aeaiey a?aea iiaoo auoue ii?aaeaeaiu niaeaoaieai iaaeaeo auaoeie
noi?oaaie.
I?e ionoonoaee niaeaoaiey iaaeaeo auaoeie noi?oaaie ia oieaoa aeeiaioia
?acia? aeeiaioia, acuneeaaaiuo ia auaoaai noi?oaa a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea,
ii?aaeaeyaony noaeii enoiaey ec iaoa?eaeueiiai e naiaeiiai iieiaeaiey
auaoeo noi?oaia e ae?oaeo caneoaeeaathueo aieiaiey eioa?ania noi?ii a
oaa?aeie aeaiaaeiie noiia, iiaeeaaeauae oieaoa aaeaiany/ii (no.91 NE
?O). ”
Oaeaea y ?anneaaeo i naiai i?eia?a: iie ?iaeeoaee i?iaeeee aianoa 13
eao, iiy iaia noaea eiaaeeaeii i?e iaia. Eiaaea iie ?acioeenue, iaia
iiaeaea ia iaai ia aeeiaiou, ii ae auei ioeacaii – ioaoe iaoae eacaeeo a
caeiia. I?e eo niaianoiie aeecie iie eoieee aeii,
eioi?ue ioi?ieee ia aaaooeo n iaieiie noi?iiu. A i?e ?acaiaea ioaoe
neacae iaia, /oi eoieo o iaa aeii, ii i?e yoii i?ineo aaaooeo ioi?ieoue
ia iaai aea?noaaiioth ia aeii. Iaia oae e naeaeaea, ii iaaei auei
ioi?ieoue eoieth – i?iaeaaeo. Iiyoiio, eiaaea iia iiaeaea ia iaio ia
aeeiaiou, ii i?eian a noae aoiaao, aoaeoi ieacae ae iaoa?eaeueioth
iiiiuue, e ae auei ioeacaii. Iai ec eiouanoaa inoaeinue iieeaa?oe?u, a
aio – aoi?ay iieiaeia eaa?oe?u, iaaeino?iaiiay eaa?oe?a, aeii, aea/a, 3
aa?aaea, iaineiiao, 4 aaoiiiaeey, iioioeeee e ae?. Eae aeaeii, iaoa
noaeaaiay nenoaia i/aiue neaaa.
?anoi?aeaiea a?aea
Naiaeiia i?aai ?aaoee?oao aii?inu i?ae?auaiey a?aea, eioi?ia i?ienoiaeeo
aneaaenoaea neaaeothueo th?eaee/aneeo oaeoia: 1) nia?oe eee iauyaeaiey
noaeii iaeiiai ec noi?oaia oia?oei; 2) ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea ii cayaeaieth
iaeiiai eee iaieo noi?oaia, a oaeaea ii cayaeaieth iiaeoia noi?oaa,
i?eciaiiiai noaeii iaaeaaniiniaiui.
I?ae?auaiea a?aea aneaaenoaea nia?oe noi?oaa eee iauyaeaiey aai oia?oei
ieeaeie aeiiieieoaeueiie i?ioeaaeo?u ia o?aaoao. Aeinoaoi/ii
i?aaenoaaeaiey a i?aaiu CAANa aeieoiaioa, oaeinoiaa?ythuaai nia?oue
noi?oaa, eee noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey ia iauyaeaiee aai oia?oei. A neo/aa yaee
noi?oaa, iauyaeaiiiai noaeii oia?oei eaee aacaanoii ionoonoaothuei, e
ioiaiu noaeaaiuo ?aoaiee i?ae?auaiiue aneaaenoaea yoiai a?ae iiaeao
auoue ainnoaiiaeai CAANii oieueei ii niaianoiiio cayaeaieth noi?oaia, o.
a. anee oaeiai cayaeaiey ia iineaaeoao, a?ae i?eciaaony i?ae?auaiiui.
A?ae ia iiaeeaaeeo ainnoaiiaeaieth, anee ae?oaie noi?oa anooiee a iiaue
a?ae.
Ee/iui i?aaii eaaeaeiai ec noi?oaia yaeyaony oaeaea i?aai ?anoi?aiooue
a?ae, i /ai aoaeao iiae?iaii ?anneacaii ieaea.
?anoi?aeaiea a?aea i?iecaiaeeony a neo/aa, anee noaeii aoaeao
onoaiiaeaii, /oi aeaeueiaeoay niaianoiay aeeciue noi?oaia e nio?aiaiea
naiuee iaaiciiaeiu. I?e yoii noae ai?aaa i?eieiaoue ia?u ii i?eie?aieth
noi?oaia. Aeey oaeiai i?eie?aiey noaeii iacia/aaony n?ie a i?aaeaeao
o?ao ianyoeaa, e ?acae?aoaeuenoai aeaea ia yoi a?aiy ioeeaaeuaaaony.
Anee ia?u ii i?eie?aieth noi?oaia ieacaeenue aac?acoeueoaoiuie e noi?oae
ianoaeaatho ia ?anoi?aeaiee a?aea, oi noae i?eieiaao ?aoaiea i
?anoi?aeaiee a?aea.
?anoi?aeaiea a?aea noaeii i?iecaiaeeony ii enoa/aiee ianyoea ni aeiy
iiaea/e noi?oaaie cayaeaiey i ?anoi?aeaiee a?aea.
?anoi?aeaiea a?aea iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny ii aeaeaieth ethaiai ec
noi?oaia (a i?aaiao CAANa eee a noaea).
I?e niaeanee noi?oaia, ia eiathueo iaueo aeaoae, ?anoi?aeaiea a?aea
inouanoaeyaony a i?aaiao CAANa. Niaeanea aeieaeii auoue au?aaeaii a
ienueiaiiie oi?ia iooai iiaea/e niaianoiiai eee aeaoo ?acaeaeueiuo
cayaeaiee noi?oaia. Anee aei ioi?ieaiey ?acaiaea iaeei ec noi?oaia,
iiaeaaoeo cayaeaiea, eciaieo naia ia?aiia/aeueiia ?aoaiea, ?anoi?aeaiea
a?aea aiciiaeii oieueei /a?ac noae.
A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo caeii i?aaeoniao?eaaao aiciiaeiinoue ?anoi?aeaiey
a?aea a i?aaiao CAANa ii cayaeaieth oieueei iaeiiai ec noi?oaia, i?e /ai
iacaaeneii io iaee/ey i?niaa?oaiiieaoieo aeaoae.
Yoi aiciiaeii, anee ae?oaie noi?oa: 1) i?eciai noaeii 6acaanoii
ionoonoaothuei; 2) i?eciai noaeii iaaeaaniiniaiui; 3) Inoaeaeai ca
niaa?oaiea i?anooieaiey e eeoaieth naiaiaeu ia n?ie nauoa o?ao eao.
Cayaeaiea noi?oaia i ?anoi?aeaiee a?aea ?anniao?eaaaony e ?ac?aoaaony a
i?aaia CAANa ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa noi?oaia. I?aaiu CAANa ia i?iaiaeyo
auyniaiey ianoiyoaeuenoa aeaea, ii?ina naeaeaoaeae. ?anoi?aeaiea a?aea e
auaea/a naeaeaoaeuenoaa i ?anoi?aeaiee a?aea i?iecaiaeeony ii enoa/aiee
ianyoea ni aeiy iiaea/e cayaeaiey.
A neo/aa, eiaaea iaa noi?oaa, eiathuea ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo aeaoae,
niaeaniu ia ?anoi?aeaiea a?aea, iii, oai ia iaiaa, i?iecaiaeeony a
noaeaaiii ii?yaeea a oeaeyo caueou i?aa e eioa?ania aeaoae ii enoa/aiee
ianyoea ni aeiy iiaea/e cayaeaiey. A noaeaaiii ii?yaeea ?anoi?aaaony
oaeaea a?ae, anee ia yoi ia eiaaony niaeaney iaeiiai ec noi?oaia.
Iau/iuie iniiaaieyie aeey ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea yaeythony iueyinoai eee
aeeiaieeci noi?oaa.
I?e ?anoi?aeaiee a?aea a noaea noi?oaai neaaeoao i?aaenoaaeoue ia
?anniio?aiea noaea niaeaoaiea i oii, n eai aoaeoo i?iaeeaaoue
ianiaa?oaiiieaoiea aeaoe, i ?acia?ao n?aaenoa ia niaea?aeaiea aeaoae e
(eee) iao?oaeiniiniaiiai ioaeaeathuaainy noi?oaa, e (eee) i ?acaeaea
eiouanoaa noi?oaia. A neo/aa anee oaeia niaeaoaiea ionoonoaoao, a oaeaea
a neo/aa, anee iii ia?ooaao eioa?anu aeaoae eee iaeiiai ec noi?oaia,
noae iaycai nai ?aoeoue yoe aii?inu. Aeaei i ?acaiaea ?anniao?eaaaony a
noaea a ioe?uoii canaaeaiee, ii ii i?inueaa noi?oaia, iiaeao auoue
i?iaaaeaii cae?uoia canaaeaiea.
A?ae, ?anoi?aaaiue a noaea, n/eoaaony i?ae?auaiiui ni aeiy anooieaiey
?aoaiey noaea a caeiiioth neeo. Eiaaea a?ae ?anoi?aaaony /a?ac noae,
?acaiae iaiaoiaeeii ca?aaeno?e?iaaoue a i?aaiao CAANa. Ca
ainoaea?noaaiioth ?aaeno?aoeeth ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea aceiaaony
ainoaea?noaaiiay iioeeia.
Aieueoa anao ec caeiiia i ?acaiaea iia iii?aaeeny oio, eioi?ue ia
?ac?aoaao ioaeo ?acaiaeeoueny n aeaiie, iiea iia aa?aiaiia. Eia/a yoi
i?eaaei au e oiio, /oi ?aaaiie aue au iacaeiiii?iaeaeaiiue.
Naiaeiua ioiioaiey n o/anoeai eiino?aiiuo a?aaeaeai e eeoe aac
a?aaeaeainoaa
NE ?aaoee?oao aii?inu, naycaiiua n caeeth/aieai a?aeia n eiino?aioeaie.
I?e caeeth/aiee a?aea a ?innee e eaaeaeiio ec eeoe i?eiaiyaony
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai oie no?aiu, a?aaeaeaieiii eioi?ie ii yaeyaony. Anee
/aeiaae eiaao ianeieueei a?aaeaeainoa, oi i?eiaiythony caeiiu oie
no?aiu, eioi?oth ii auaa?ao nai. Iiyoiio aiciiaeii caeeth/aiea a?aeia n
eeoeaie iieiaea 18 eao, anee yoi i?aaiia?ii ii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao eiiai
ainoaea?noaa, a?aaeaeaieiii eioi?iai yaeyaony noi?oa.
I?aiyonoaey e a?aeo a caeiiao ?aciuo no?ai ?acee/iu, e o?aaiaaiey
eiino?aiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa iiaoo ieacaoueny eiuie.
Eieeeceiiiua ii?iu ia oneiaeyo caeeth/aiey a?aea niaea?aeao iaeioi?ua
aeiaiai?u ?innee i i?aaiaie iiiiue e eiiaaioeee no?ai NIA. Eie
i?aaeienaii i?eiaiyoue eeai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ainoaea?noaa, ia
oa??eoi?ee eioi?iai caeeth/aaony a?ae, eeai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai no?aiu,
ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?ie caeeth/aaony a?ae, a ioiioaiee i?aiyonoaee e
caeeth/aieth a?aea (oae ?aoai aii?in a Eiiaaioeee no?ai NIA). I?eia?ii
oaeie eiiaaioeee yaeyaony Eiiaaioeey i i?aaiaie iiiiue e i?aaiauo
ioiioaieyo ii a?aaeaeaineei, naiaeiui e oaieiaiui aeaeai, ninoiyaoayny a
Ieinea 22 yiaa?y 1993 a.
NE i?eciaao a?aee: 1) iaaeaeo a?aaeaeaiaie ?O, i?iaeeaathueie ca
a?aieoeae oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee iie caeeth/aiu a eiinoeuenoaao e
aeeieiiaoe/aneeo i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaao ?O; 2) iaaeaeo eiino?aioeaie,
caeeth/aiiua ia oa??eoi?ee ?innee a eiinoeuenoaao e
i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaao, anee noi?oae ia iiiaio caeeth/aiey a?aea yaeyeenue
a?aaeaeaiaie eiino?aiiiai ainoaea?noaa, iacia/eaoaai iinea eee eiinoea;
3) iaaeaeo a?aaeaeaiaie, caeeth/aiiua ca i?aaeaeaie ?O n niaethaeaieai
caeiiia no?aiu, ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?iai iie caeeth/aiu. A?ae,
caeeth/aiiue ia oa??eoi?ee ?O e ca aa i?aaeaeaie i?eciaaony
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui, anee ia?ooaiu auoa ia?a/eneaiiua oneiaey.
A no.160 NE ?O ?ane?uaathony aii?inu, eanathueany ?anoi?aeaiey a?aea n
o/anoeai eiino?aiiuo a?aaeaeai e a?aaeaeai ?innee, i?iaeeaathueie ia
oa??eoi?ee ?O e ca aa i?aaeaeaie. Noaouey aiai?eo i oii, /oi
?anoi?aeaiea a?aea iaaeaeo a?aaeaeaiaie ?O, eiino?aioeaie e eeoeaie aac
a?aaeaeainoaa ia oa??eoi?ee ?O inouanoaeyaony ii caeiiai ?O.
?O i?eciaao ?anoi?aeaiea a?aea i?e auiieiaiee neaaeothueo oneiaee: 1)
a?aaeaeaiei ?innee iiaeao ?anoi?aiooue a?ae n a?aaeaeaieiii ae?oaiai
ainoaea?noaa a ?inneeneii noaea, eiinoeuenoaa eee aeeieiiaoe/aneii
o/?aaeaeaiee; 2) ?anoi?aeaiea, niaa?oaiiia ca i?aaeaeaie ?O n
niaethaeaieai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa niioaaonoaothuaai eiino?aiiiai
ainoaea?noaa.
Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii aii?inu ee/iuo e eiouanoaaiiuo i?aa noi?oaia,
naycaiiuo n eiino?aiiui yeaiaioii, ?aoathony ia iaueo i?aaiauo
iniiaaieyo.
Eiaeaen i?aaeienuaaao i?eiaiyoue e i?aaai e iaycaiiinoyi noi?oaia
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ainoaea?noaa, ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?iai noi?oae eiatho
niaianoiia ianoi aeeoaeuenoaa.
Onoaiaaeeaathony aeiiieieoaeueiua eieeeceiiiua ii?iu ia neo/ae, eiaaea
noi?oae ia eiatho eee ieeiaaea ia eiaee niaianoiiai ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa.
I?e ionoonoaee niaianoiiai ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa i?eiaiyaony
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ainoaea?noaa, ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?iai noi?oae eiaee
iineaaeiaa ianoi aeeoaeuenoaa.
ss n/eoath, /oi neaaui ianoii a caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa yaeyaony oi, /oi i?e
?acaiaea a?aaeaeai ?aciuo no?ai eiaeaen i?aaeienuaaao i?eiaiyoue e
i?aaai e iaycaiiinoyi noi?oaia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ainoaea?noaa, ia
oa??eoi?ee eioi?iai noi?oae eiatho niaianoiia ianoi aeeoaeuenoaa, oae
eae i?e yoii ainoaea?noai aoaeao anyeeie niiniaaie caueuaoue naiaai
a?aaeaeaieia, a o a?aaeaeaieia ae?oaiai ainoaea?noaa aoaeao iaiueoa
i?aeiouanoa auea?aoue aeaei, iai?eia? i?e ?acaiaea.
Caeeth/aiea
Ainoaea?noai n ae?aaiaeoeo a?aiai a oie eee eiie noaiaie inouanoaeyei
i?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea naiaeiuo ioiioaiee. Naaiaeiy naiaeiia i?aai
yaeyaony iaeiie ec io?aneae i?aaa, nenoaiie i?aaiauo ii?i, ?aaoee?othueo
naiaeiua ioiioaiey, aicieeathuea ec a?aea. Ainoaea?noai inouanoaeyao
i?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea naiaeiuo ioiioaiee a oeaeyo caueou eae iauanoaa a
oeaeii, oae e eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea a ioaeaeueiinoe.
Ia ai anao naieo yeaiaioao naiaeiua ioiioaiey i?eaietho i?aaiaia
?aaoee?iaaiea. Ainoaea?noai, onoaiaaeeaay ii?iu naiaeiiai i?aaa,
no?aieony aianoe a yoo aaaeioth noa?o aeecie iaiaoiaeeioth
oii?yaei/aiiinoue, iaania/eoue i?aaa e caeiiiua eioa?anu aeaoae,
aeaiuei, noa?eeia e anao ae?oaeo /eaiia naiuee.
Eco/ea caeiiu, cao?aaeaathuea a?a/iua ioiioaiey, y iiiyea, /oi oioy iie
e ia eaeaaeueiu, iie iai?aaeaiu ia caueoo i?aa anao a?aaeaeai, a oaeaea
oaeaeaea, /oi naiaeiia i?aai a iaeanoe a?aea iniiauaaaony ia neaaeothueo
i?eioeeiao:
1) aeia?iaieueiinoue a?a/iiai nithca ioae/eiu e aeaiueiu;
2) ?aaainoai i?aa e iaycaiiinoae noi?oaia a naiuea; ionooieaiea io yoiai
i?eioeeia caeii aeaeaao oieueei aeey caueou iniauo i?aa aeaiueiu a
ia?eiae aa?aiaiiinoe e ainieoaiey iaeieaoieo aeaoae;
3) ?ac?aoaiea aioo?enaiaeiuo aii?inia ii acaeiiiio niaeaneth; noae
i?eieiaao oa eee eiua ?aoaiey ii naiaeiui aii?inai iau/ii a neo/ayo,
eiaaea /eaiu naiuee ia iiaoo aeinoeaiooue ii iei niaeaoaiey.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
1. Ei?ieaa TH.A. Eiiiaioa?ee e Naiaeiiio eiaeaeno ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
(iinoaoaeiue). – I.: «TH?eaee/aneee Aeii «THnoeoeeioi?i», 2003. – 416 n.
2. A?aaeaeaineee eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Iieiue oaeno:
ioeoeeaeueiue oaeno, aeaenoaothuay ?aaeaeoeey. – I.: Yecaiai, 2004. –
304 n.
3. Ia/aaaa A.I. Naiaeiia i?aai. – I.: TH?enoue, 1999. – 336 n.
4. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai. Oii 3. O/aaiee. Ecaeaiea o?aouea, ia?a?aaioaiiia
e aeiiieiaiiia / Iiae ?aae. A.I. Na?aaaaa, TH.E. Oienoiai. – I.: IAITHE
E.A. ?iaeieeia, 2000. – 632 n.
5. Eiinoeoooeey (Iniiaiie caeii) ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. – I.: III
«Ecaeaoaeuenoai ANO», 2002. – 64n.
6. Oaieiaiue eiaeaen ?O OC io 13 ethiy 1996 a. ? 63 – OC: a ?aaeaeoeee
OC io 24.07.2002 ? 103 – OC io 25.07.2002 ? 112 OC – Aeaoa?eiao?a:
O?aeth?eaeecaeao, 2002. – 144 n.
7. Eeeiaiei A.A., ?oiuieia A.A. Iauanoaiciaiea: Aeey oeieueieeia noa?oeo
eeannia e iinooiathueo a aocu: O/aa. iiniaea. – I.: Ae?ioa, 2001. – 480
n.
8. AEo?iae «Aeiiaoiee aaeaieao» ? 12, 2005.
9. Naiaeiue eiaeaen ?O: a ?aaeaeoeee OC io 28.12.2004 ? 185 – OC –
Aeaoa?eiao?a: O?aeth?eaeecaeao, 2005. – 120 n.
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