Iniaaiiinoe a?aaeaeaineie i?aainoauaeoiinoe aieineie /anoe
Eae anyeee o/anoiee a?aaeaeaineiai iai?ioa, aieineay /anoue iaeaaeaao
i?aainiiniaiinoueth, aeaaniiniaiinoueth e aeaeeeoiniiniaiinoueth.
Iaeiaei yoe aa ea/anoaa eiatho nouanoaaiiua iniaaiiinoe ii n?aaiaieth n
aiaeiae/iuie ea/anoaaie, i?eciaaaaiuie caeiiii ca ae?oaeie noauaeoaie
a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaa.
I?aainiiniaiinoue anaaaea caeeth/aao a naaa a ea/anoaa naiaai iniiaiiai
eiiiiiaioa niiniaiinoue e i?aaiiaeaaeaieth, /oi e iicaieyao ii?aaeaeyoue
aa eae niiniaiinoue eiaoue i?aaa e naycaiiua n ieie iaycaiiinoe.
Enoiaey ec nouiinoe iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee, ?aaoee?oaiuo a?aaeaeaineei
i?aaii, aaaeouei yeaiaioii i?aainiiniaiinoe ethaiai noauaeoa
a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaa yaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue iaeaaeaiey eiouanoaaiiui
i?aaii, eioi?ia iaania/eaaao eiouanoaaiii-?anii?yaeeoaeueioth
naiinoiyoaeueiinoue noauaeoa e neoaeeo iniiaie aai o/anoey a
a?aaeaeaineii iai?ioa. Oaeei i?aaii aeey iauanoaaiiiai ia?aciaaiey
yaeyaony, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, i?aai nianoaaiiinoe, a oaeaea
i?iecaiaeiua io iaai i?aaa oicyenoaaiiiai aaaeaiey e iia?aoeaiiai
oi?aaeaiey. Eeoei, ia iaaeaeaiiia oaeie i?aaiaie aiciiaeiinoueth,
noauaeoii a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaa auoue ia iiaeao. Eia/a iii ia niiaeao
anooieoue a eiouanoaaiiue iai?io, iineieueeo aio ia/aai aoaeao
i?aaeeiaeeoue e iaiaio.
A th?eaee/aneie oai?ee ia aicieeaao ?aciiaeanee ii iiaiaeo oiai, /oi
aeey i?eciaiey th?eaee/aneei eeoeii iaiaoiaeeia eiouanoaaiiay
iainiaeaiiinoue i?aaiecaoeee («cae?aieaiea ca aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeeae
ii?aaeaeaiiiai eiiieaena eiouanoaa (aeeth/ay aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa),
i?aaeiacia/aiiiai aeey oicyenoaaiiiai eniieueciaaiey»60.) Iainiaeaiea
eiouanoaa iaeiie i?aaiecaoeee io eiouanoaa ae?oaie eiaao ia?iiiia
cia/aiea a ?aieao a?aaeaeaineiai iai?ioa. Yoei ii?aaeaeyaony, ianeieueei
naiinoiyoaeueia aeaiiay i?aaiecaoeey a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe e eaeia
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iia iiaeao aeaoue e?aaeeoi?ai a neo/aa iaauiieiaiey
naieo iaycaoaeuenoa. Yoio i?eciae, ii iauai?eiyoiio iiaieth, yaeyaony
aeaaiui, aaaeouei i?eciaeii th?eaee/aneiai eeoea.61
Aiaiiua i?aaiecaoeee, aannii?ii, iaaeaeaiu eiouanoaii, oioy iainiaeaiea
eiouanoaa aiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee eiaao niaa?oaiii eiie oa?aeoa?, /ai
iainiaeaiea eiouanoaa eiiia?/aneeo th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, e, a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue, oicyenoaaiiuo iauanoa e oiaa?euanoa.
Ii iiaieth aaoi?a ia nianai oaea/ii niaea?aeauaany a Oaaea?aeueiii
caeiia «Ia iai?iia» iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi eiouanoai Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee
iaoiaeeony o ieo ia i?aaa oicyenoaaiiiai aaaeaiey eee iia?aoeaiiai
oi?aaeaiey (i. 12 no.1 Caeiia). A niioaaonoaee ni no.294 AE ?O ia i?aaa
oicyenoaaiiiai aaaeaiey eiouanoaii iiaoo iaeaaeaoue eeoue
ainoaea?noaaiiua eee ioieoeeiaeueiua oieoa?iua i?aaei?eyoey, oi anoue
i?aaiecaoeee, inouanoaeythuea i?iecaiaenoaaiioth eee oicyenoaaiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue, e yaeythueany i?aaiecaoeeyie eiiia?/aneeie. A cia/eo,
iniiaiie oeaeueth aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony ecaea/aiea
i?eauee, /oi ianiaianoeii n caaea/aie Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee, onoaiiaeaiiuie
caeiiii. Iiyoiio ia neeoeii ii?aaaeaiii nouanoaiaaiea a Aii?oaeaiiuo
Neeao i?aaiecaoeee, oeaeue nouanoaiaaiey e aeayoaeueiinoe eioi?uo i?yii
i?ioeaiiieiaeia oeaee, onoaiiaeaiiie aeey Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee a oeaeii.
Aiciiaeii ee, enoiaey ec ii?i Caeiia «Ia iai?iia» nouanoaiaaiea a
Aii?oaeaiiuo Neeao i?aaiecaoeee, oeaeueth aeayoaeueiinoe .eioi?uo
yaeyaony ia io?aaeaiea aa?annee, iai?aaeaiiie i?ioea ?O, ia aii?oaeaiiay
caueoa oeaeinoiinoe e iai?eeiniiaaiiinoe oa??eoi?ee ?O, a ecaea/aiea
i?eauee? A yoie nayce neaaeoao niaeaneoueny n iiaieai ssA. Aaeaaiaeiaa,
n/eoathuaai, /oi «anee aicieeaao iio?aaiinoue inouanoaeaiey eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe a eioa?anao Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee, ae?oaeo aiene, aieineeo
oi?ie?iaaiee e i?aaiia, oi ainoaea?noai ai?aaa nicaeaoue
ainoaea?noaaiiua oieoa?iua i?aaei?eyoey eee eiua oicyenoaaiiua iauanoaa
e aiceiaeeoue ia ieo niioaaonoaothuea caaea/e e ooieoeee, iaaeaeea
i?aaii aeayoaeueiinoe a eioa?anao oiiiyioouo aiene, oi?ie?iaaiee e
i?aaiia a oeaeyo ecaea/aiey i?eauee»62 . E oaeei th?eaee/aneei eeoeai
ioiinyony aiaioi?ae, Ainoaea?noaaiiay eiiiaiey «?inaii?oaeaiea» e o.i.
Iiyoiio oa i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ua nicaeaiu aeey iaania/aiey
aeayoaeueiinoe Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee, iaeaaeathuea ainoaea?noaaiiui
eiouanoaii ia i?aaa oicyenoaaiiiai aaaeaiey, yaeythueany eiiia?/aneeie
th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie, e inouanoaeythueie naith aeayoaeueiinoue a
oeaeyo ecaea/aiey i?eauee, ia iiaoo auoue aeeth/aiu a ninoaa
Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee. E a yoie nayce aiieia caeiiiia?iui auaeyaeeo auaiae ec
ninoaaa AN ?O aiaioi?aia, aiaiii-no?ieoaeueiuo e eiuo eiiia?/aneeo
i?aaiecaoeee.
Ana eiouanoai, ia?aaeaaaaiia aiaiiui i?aaiecaoeeyi nianoaaiieeii
-?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeeae, aeieaeii iiyoiio cae?aieyoueny ca ieie oieueei
ia i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey, a i?aai oicyenoaaiiiai aaaeaiey iiaeao
i?eiaaeeaaeaoue aiaiiui i?aaiecaoeeyi oieueei ia eiouanoai, iieo/aiiia
eie io ?ac?aoaiiuo ei aeaeia i?eiinyuae aeioiae aeayoaeueiinoe, i /ai
aieaa iiae?iaii aoaeao neacaii ieaea.
E?iia oiai, naii oi eiouanoai, eioi?ia ia?aaeaii Aii?oaeaiiui Neeai, a
neeo naiaai niaoeeaeueiiai i?aaeiacia/aiey, ca/anooth ia iiaeao
o/anoaiaaoue a a?aaeaeaineii iai?ioa, iineieueeo cia/eoaeueioth /anoue
eiouanoaa Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee ninoaaeyao eiouanoai niaoeeaeueiia (aiaiiia),
ecuyoia ec a?aaeaeaineiai iai?ioa (Oeac I?aceaeaioa ?O io 22 oaa?aey
1992 a. ? 179 «I aeaeao i?iaeoeoeee (?aaio, oneoa) e iooiaeia
i?iecaiaenoaa, naiaiaeiay ?aaeecaoeey eioi?uo cai?auaia»), a iioiio ia
neoaeauaa oeaeyi eiouanoaaiiiai iai?ioa. E yoiio eiouanoao ioiinyony
aii?oaeaiey, aiai?eianu e iaio, aiaiiay oaoieea, caianiua /anoe,
eiiieaeoothuea ecaeaeey e i?eai?u e iei, ac?ua/aoua aauanoaa, n?aaenoaa
ac?uaaiey, ii?ioa, ana aeaeu ?aeaoiiai oiieeaa, a oaeaea niaoeeaeueiua
iaoa?eaeu e niaoeeaeueiia iai?oaeiaaiea aeey eo i?iecaiaenoaa,
?aeaoii-einie/aneea eiiieaenu, nenoaiu nayce e oi?aaeaiey aiaiiiai
iacia/aiey, ii?iaoeaii-oaoie/aneay aeieoiaioaoeey ia eo i?iecaiaenoai e
yenieoaoaoeeth, a oaeaea e ae?oaea aeaeu eiouanoaa, oeacaiiua a Ia?a/ia.
Oaeia (aiaiiia) eiouanoai iiaeao ninoaaeyoue eneeth/eoaeueii
nianoaaiiinoue ainoaea?noaa. Iii ie i?e eaeeo oneiaeyo ia iiaeao noaoue
iauaeoii i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe ae?oaeo eeoe (i.2 no. 129 AE ?O), a cia/eo
ia niiniaii neoaeeoue oeaeyi oaeiaeaoai?aiey aiciiaeiuo i?aoaicee
e?aaeeoi?ia 63 .
Ii a oi aea a?aiy aieineay /anoue iaeaaeaao e ae?oaei eiouanoaii, e
eioi?iio ioiinyony i?iaeiaieuenoaea, aauaaia eiouanoai e eiua aeaeu
aiaiiiai eiouanoaa, caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey, aeaiueae e oeaiiua aoiaae,
ae?oaea iaoa?eaeueiua n?aaenoaa, yaeythueany oaaea?aeueiie
nianoaaiiinoueth e cae?aieaiiua ca aieineie /anoueth64. I?aeoe/anee ana
yoi eiouanoai, aoaeo/e cae?aieaiiui ca aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeeae ia i?aaa
iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey, iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny iineaaeiae oieueei a
niioaaonoaee n i?yiuie oeacaieyie nianoaaiieea. E?iia oiai, aieineea
/anoe iieo/atho ?acee/ioth oaoieeo, i?iaeiaieuenoaea, e ae?oaea
iaoa?eaeueiua n?aaenoaa, iaiaoiaeeiua ei aeey auiieiaiey iinoaaeaiiuo
ia?aae ieie caaea/, a ii?yaeea oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai niaaaeaiey, e
aeiaieuenoaothuea i?aaiu ca/anooth nio?aiytho i?aaa ia ia?aaeaiiia eie
aieineei /anoyi eiouanoai. Oae, niaeanii I?eeaco Ieieno?a iai?iiu ?O
1995 a. ? 180 aaia?aeueiui caeac/eeii e oiiaeiaea?aeaoaeai anae
auaeaeyaiie Ieienoa?noao iai?iiu aaoiiiaeeueiie oaoieee e ae?oaiai
aaoiiiaeeueiiai eiouanoaa yaeyaony Aeaaiia aaoia?iiaoaieiaia oi?aaeaiea
Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu ?O. Oaeia iieiaeaiea oa?aeoa?ii e aeey ae?oaeo
aeaeia eiouanoaa aieineeo /anoae.
Iaeiaei aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa, iaoiaeyueany ia n/aoao, ia eiatho eaeie-oi
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaie oi?iu). niaoeeoe/aneie iai?aaeaiiinoe e a yoie
nayce a iai?ioa ia ia?aie/aiu. Iiyoiio o/anoea a oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiuo
ioiioaieyo iin?aaenoaii aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa aeey aiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee
aiciiaeii.
Ii oaeei niiniaii (oi anoue oieueei ca n/ao iaoiaeyueony ia n/aoao
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa) o/anoaotho a iai?ioa eiaiii oa th?eaee/aneea eeoea,
eioi?ua iaeaaeatho eiouanoaii ia i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey. A yoi
aua ?ac iiaeoaa?aeaeaao, /oi ia?aiia/aeueii ia?aaeaaaaiia aiaiiui
i?aaiecaoeeyi nianoaaiieeii eiouanoai aeieaeii cae?aieyoueny ca ieie
oieueei ia i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey, ii ia ia i?aaa oicyenoaaiiiai
aaaeaiey.
Enoiaey ec aiaeeca noaoae 120 e 296 A?aaeaeaineiai eiaeaena ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, eiouanoai iiaeao iaoiaeeoueny ia i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai
oi?aaeaiey eeoue o eacaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey eeai o/?aaeaeaiey, nicaeaiiiai
nianoaaiieeii. Eae oaea ioia/aeinue auoa, a ea/anoaa i?aaei?eyoey
(eiiia?/aneie i?aaiecaoeee) aiaiiua i?aaiecaoeee ?anniao?eaaoueny ia
iiaoo. *oi aea eanaaony o/?aaeaeaiey, oi n oi/ee c?aiey io?anee
oi?aaeaiey Ieienoa?noai iai?iiu iiaeao ?anniao?eaaoueny a ea/anoaa
o/?aaeaeaiey, nicaeaiiiai aeey inouanoaeaiey oi?aaeai/aneeo ooieoeee, e
iiyoiio auoue th?eaee/aneei eeoeii. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeatho e i.i. 2 e 5
Iieiaeaiey i Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee,
ooaa?aeaeaiiiai Oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io 11 iiya?y
1998 aiaea ? 1357 «Aii?inu Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e
Aaia?aeueiiai ooaaa Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee»65. Oaeea
aea i?eciaee iaee/ey oi?aaeai/aneeo ooieoeee a aaeieieno?aoeaii-i?aaiaii
eo iiieiaiee eiathony e o aiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee, ninoaaeythueo a naiae
niaieoiiinoe Aii?oaeaiiua Neeu.
A niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii (i.1 no. 120 AE ?O,
i.1 no.9 Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia «I iaeiiia?/aneeo i?aaiecaoeeyo»66)
o/?aaeaeaieai i?eciaaony iaeiiia?/aneay, nicaeaiiay nianoaaiieeii aeey
inouanoaeaiey oi?aaeai/aneeo, nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iuo eee eiuo ooieoeee
iaeiiia?/aneiai oa?aeoa?a e oeiaine?oaiay iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii
nianoaaiieeii.
Eae aeaeii, ia?a/aiue ooieoeee iaeiiia?/aneiai oa?aeoa?a, a oeaeyo
inouanoaeaiey eioi?uo nicaeathony o/?aaeaeaiey, ia yaeyaony
en/a?iuaathuei. A niioaaonoaee ni no. 11 e i.2 no. 10 Oaaea?aeueiiai
caeiia «Ia iai?iia» aieineea /anoe i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey io?aaeaiey
aa?annee, iai?aaeaiiie i?ioea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, aeey aii?oaeaiiie
caueou oeaeinoiinoe e iai?eeiniiaaiiinoe oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, a oaeaea aeey auiieiaiey caaea/ a niioaaonoaee n
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie aeiaiai?aie ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, oi anoue
nicaeathony aeey auiieiaiey iai?iiiuo ooieoeee, ia naycaiiuo n
ecaea/aieai i?eauee.
Oi anoue aiaiiua i?aaiecaoeee yaeythony ii nooe ainoaea?noaaiiuie
aiaiiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie, e iiaeiaaeatho iiae i?eciaee, i?aaeoniio?aiiua
no.no.120, 296, 298 AE ?O e no.2 Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia «I iaeiiia?/aneeo
i?aaiecaoeeyo».
Eaaeaeay aiaiiay i?aaiecaoeey, eaaeaeay aieineay /anoue, iaeaaeaao
ii?aaeaeaiiui eiee/anoaii eiouanoaa. I?e yoii eiouanoai eaaeaeie
aieineie /anoe iainiaeaii io eiouanoaa anao ae?oaeo iiae?acaeaeaiee. Yoi
aea iaiin?aaenoaaiii iiaeoaa?aeee e caeiiiaeaoaeue, eioi?ue aaae a
Oaaea?aeueiii caeiia «I iaoa?eaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe aiaiiineoaeaueo»
?aiaa ionoonoaiaaaoaa eaaaeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea eiouanoaa aieineie /anoe.
A niioaaonoaee n yoei ii?aaeaeaieai eiouanoai aieineie /anoe — yoi ana
aeaeu aii?oaeaiey, aiaiiie oaoieee, aiai?eianu, ai?th/a-niaci/iua
iaoa?eaeu, oiieeai, i?iaeiaieuenoaea, aauaaia eiouanoai e eiua aeaeu
aiaiiiai eiouanoaa, caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey, aeaiueae e oeaiiua aoiaae,
ae?oaea iaoa?eaeueiua n?aaenoaa, yaeythueany oaaea?aeueiie
nianoaaiiinoueth e cae?aieaiiua ca aieineie /anoueth (no.2 Caeiia).
Aeey ainoaea?noaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaiee «ia?ie» eo eiouanoaaiiie
iainiaeaiiinoe, yaeythuaeny iniiaie eo th?eaee/aneie ee/iinoe, n/eoatho
iaee/ea o ieo naiinoiyoaeueiie niaou e i?aaa naiinoiyoaeueiiai
?anii?yaeaiey e?aaeeoaie67 . Yoi «niaoii-athaeaeaoiia» iainiaeaiea
eiouanoaa ainoaea?noaaiiiai o/?aaeaeaiey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
o/?aaeaeaiea iieo/aao a naia «?anii?yaeaiea» auaeaeaiiua ec athaeaeaoa
aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa, i?e/ai auaeaeaiiua ni no?iai oeaeaaui iacia/aieai,
oeacaiiui a niaoa, e, eae i?aaeei, ia ii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie.
Ii naii ii naaa iaee/ea niaou ia aeaao aiciiaeiinoue iaeiicia/ii
ii?aaeaeeoue, yaeyaony ee i?aaiecaoeey «naiinoiyoaeueiie». Iaee/ea niaou
aua ia naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oie noaiaie iainiaeaiey eiouanoaa, eioi?ay
iaiaoiaeeia aeey th?eaee/aneiai eeoea (i cae?aieaiee eiouanoaa ca yoie
i?aaiecaoeeae eiaiii ia i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey). Eae ni?aaaaeeeai
ioia/aao A.A.Aeici?oeaa, «anyeia niaoiia th?eaee/aneia eeoei eiaao
niaoo, ii ia iaiai?io, oi anoue iaee/ea niaou aua ia naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i
iaee/ee i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey, a?aaeaeaineie
i?aainoauaeoiinoe»68 . Aeey oiai, /oiau eiouanoai noaei aeaenoaeoaeueii
iainiaeaiiui, iaiaoiaeeii ia i?inoi auaeaeeoue yoi eiouanoai aeey
eniieueciaaiey a eioa?anao i?aaiecaoeee, ii iaania/eoue inouanoaeaiea
oaeiai eniieueciaaiey aa (i?aaiecaoeee) nianoaaiiuie aieaauie aeoaie.
I?aai ?anii?yaeaiey eiouanoaii i?aaeiieaaaao oaeoth noaiaiue
eiouanoaaiiie e i?aaiecaoeeiiiie iainiaeaiiinoe iauanoaaiiiai
ia?aciaaiey, «eioi?ay nicaeaao aiciiaeiinoue naiinoiyoaeueiiai
io/oaeaeaiey … i?iaeoeoa – oiaa?a, a oaeaea naiinoiyoaeueiiai ?aoaiey
aii?inia, naycaiiuo n ?anoiaeiaaieai n?aaenoa…»69
Iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii auynieoue, iaeaaeatho ee eiiaiaee?u aieineeo /anoae
i?aaaie ?anii?yaeeoaeae e?aaeeoia?
?anii?yaeeoaee e?aaeeoia iiae?acaeaeythony ia aeaaiuo e ieaeanoiyueo (i.
144 Eino?oeoeee Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Aaiea NNN? io 26.11.84a. ? 27 «Ii
eanniaiio eniieiaieth ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa NNN?»). A
niioaaonoaee n i. 145 yoie aea Eino?oeoeee aeaaiuie ?anii?yaeeoaeyie
e?aaeeoia yaeythony ieieno?u, a cia/eo, e Ieieno? iai?iiu ?O oaeaea
yaeyaony aeaaiui ?anii?yaeeoaeai e?aaeeoia. E aeaaiui ?anii?yaeeoaeyi
e?aaeeoia iiaoo auoue ioianaiu oaeaea ia/aeueieee oi?aaeaiee
ieienoa?noa, anee ei oaeea i?aaa i?aaeinoaaeaiu niioaaonoaothuei
Ieieno?ii.
Ana inoaeueiua ?anii?yaeeoaee e?aaeeoia, ia ioianaiiua e eaoaai?ee
aeaaiuo, yaeythony ieaeanoiyueie ?anii?yaeeoaeyie e?aaeeoia, eioi?ui
ioe?uaathony ioaeaeueiua n/aoa a aaieao, ii eneeth/eoaeueii ia ?anoiaeu
o/?aaeaeaiey (i?aaiecaoeee), aeey ia?aaiaea iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiui
i?aaei?eyoeyi, o/?aaeaeaieyi e i?aaiecaoeeyi, ia oeaio?aeeciaaiiua
ia?ii?eyoey, a oaeaea ia niaea?aeaiea iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaiee e
i?aaiecaoeee, aooaaeoa?neee o/ao eioi?uo oeaio?aeeciaai (i. 148
Eino?oeoeee Ainaaiea NNN? ? 27).
Anee enoiaeeoue ec iieiaeaiee auoaiacaaiiuo Eino?oeoeee
Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Aaiea NNN?, oi eiiaiaee?ia aieineeo /anoae a?yae ee
iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae ?anii?yaeeoaeae e?aaeeoia. Yoi naycaii n oai,
/oi aieineei /anoyi, o/?aaeaeaieyi e i?aaiecaoeeyi Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu
iiaoo ioe?uaaoueny eneeth/eoaeueii oaeouea n/aoa (i.210 Eino?oeoeee
Ainaaiea NNN? ? 27), eoaea ia?aaiaeyony oieueei n?aaenoaa ia auieaoo
ca?aaioiie ieaou (aeaiaaeiiai aeiaieuenoaey aiaiiineoaeaueo), iieaoo
oicyenoaaiiuo, iia?aoeeiiiuo e ae?oaeo ?anoiaeia (i.207 Eino?oeoeee
Ainaaiea NNN? ? 27).
I?e yoii, a niioaaonoaee n i. 1.6. Eino?oeoeee Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Aaiea
NNN? io 30.10.86 a. ? 28 «I ?an/aoiuo, oaeoueo e athaeaeaoiuo n/aoao,
ioe?uaaaiuo a o/?aaeaeaieyo Ainaaiea NNN?» e i.207 Eino?oeoeee Ainaaiea
NNN? ? 27, oaeouea n/aoa ioe?uaathony oieueei oai athaeaeaoiui
o/?aaeaeaieyi, eioi?ua ia yaeythony naiinoiyoaeueiuie ?anii?yaeeoaeyie
e?aaeeoia, i?aaiecaoeeyi e o/?aaeaeaieyi, ia iaeaaeathuei i?eciaeaie
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, a oaeaea oeeeaeai, i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaai,
ioaeaeaieyi e ae?oaei iainiaeaiiui iiae?acaeaeaieyi th?eaee/aneeo eeoe.
Aiciiaeiinoue aea ioe?uoey athaeaeaoiuo n/aoia, eioi?uie ?anii?yaeathony
?anii?yaeeoaee e?aaeeoia, i?aaeoniao?eaaaony eeoue aeey athaeaeaoiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee ii?aaeaeaiiiai o?iaiy, i?e/ai niaoeeaeueii iaiaa?eaaaony,
/oi a oneiaeyo Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee athaeaeaoiua n/aoa ioe?uaathony
aeiaieuenoaothuei oeiainiaui i?aaiai Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu (i. 197, 210
Eino?oeoeee Ainaaiea NNN? ? 27).
?acee/ea iaaeaeo n/aoii athaeaeaoiui e n/aoii oaeouei caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oi ia athaeaeaoiue n/ao aeaiaaeiay iaee/iinoue ia ia?a/eneyaony, e
ia iai eeoue aaaeaony o/ao ?anoiaeia a i?aaeaeao io?uouo ii athaeaeaoo
e?aaeeoia, a oi a?aiy eae oaeouee n/ao iiaeao auoue ioe?uo oieueei i?e
oneiaee i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai ia?a/eneaiey ia yoio n/ao aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa
n ae?oaeo n/aoia, iineieueeo auaea/a n?aaenoa n oaeouaai n/aoa
i?iecaiaeeony oieueei a ?acia?a eo inoaoeia ia yoii n/aoa70.
Ioieo 217 Eino?oeoeee Ainaaiea NNN? ? 27 i?aaeinoaaee aeiaieuenoaothuei
oeiainiaui i?aaiai Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu i?aai iocuaaoue n?aaenoaa n
oaeoueo n/aoia oeiaine?oaiuo eie aieineeo /anoae ia naie athaeaeaoiue
n/ao. I?e/ai oaeea ?anii?yaeaiey ia iocuaa n?aaenoa auiieiythony
o/?aaeaeaieyie aaiea aac i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey e niaeaney aeaaeaeueoea n/aoa
(oi anoue aac i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey e niaeaney aieineie /anoe) (i.218
Eino?oeoeee Ainaaiea NNN? ? 27). Aea e i?e cae?uoee oaeoueo n/aoia aiey
eo aeaaeaeueoeaa ieeiei ia?acii ia o/eouaaaony (i.220 Eino?oeoeee
Ainaaiea NNN? ? 27).
Enoiaey ec oeacaiiuo iieiaeaiee eiiaiaee? aieineie /anoe ia iaaeaeyaony
i?aaaie «?anii?yaeeoaey e?aaeeoia», oioy e ?anii?yaeaaony n?aaenoaaie,
iinooiathueie ia oaeouee n/ao aieineie /anoe.
Ii a oi aea a?aiy a neeo no.no.152, 164 Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee71ia?yaeo n aeaaiuie ?anii?yaeeoaeyie e
?anii?yaeeoaeyie athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa (eioi?uie yaeythony i?aaiu
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe, eiathuea i?aai ?ani?aaeaeyoue n?aaenoaa
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ii iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiui ?anii?yaeeoaeyi e
iieo/aoaeyi athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa )72 o/anoieeaie athaeaeaoiiai
i?ioeanna, iaeaaeathueie athaeaeaoiuie iieiiii/eyie ia oaaea?aeueiii
o?iaia, yaeythony oaeaea athaeaeaoiua o/?aaeaeaiey, ainoaea?noaaiiua e
ioieoeeiaeueiua oieoa?iua i?aaei?eyoey, ae?oaea iieo/aoaee athaeaeaoiuo
n?aaenoa.
Aiaiiay i?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia i?eciaaaoueny athaeaeaoiui o/?aaeaeaieai,
iineieueeo, ai-ia?auo, nicaeaaony i?aaiii ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, ai-aoi?uo, nicaeathony aeey inouanoaeaiey
ooieoeee iaeiiia?/aneiai oa?aeoa?a, a-o?aoueeo, aa aeayoaeueiinoue
oeiaine?oaony ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia iniiaa niaou aeioiaeia e
?anoiaeia, e a-/aoaa?ouo, iaaeaeaia ainoaea?noaaiiui eiouanoaii ia i?aaa
iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey, ia eiay noaoona oaaea?aeueiiai eacaiiiai
i?aaei?eyoey. Niaieoiiinoue anao yoeo ii?aaeaeaiiuo a caeiia (no. 161
Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena ?O) i?eciaeia eiaaony o aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeee, a
cia/eo, n oi/ee c?aiey athaeaeaoiuo i?aaiioiioaiee, iia yaeyaony
athaeaeaoiui o/?aaeaeaieai.
A ?ac yoi oae, e athaeaeaoiia o/?aaeaeaiea a i?aaeaeao niaou aeioiaeia e
?anoiaeia eiaao i?aai ia eniieueciaaiea athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa, a oaeaea
naiinoiyoaeueii a ?anoiaeiaaiee n?aaenoa, iieo/aiiuo ca n/ao
aiaathaeaeaoiuo enoi/ieeia73, oi eiiaiaee? (ia/aeueiee) aiaiiie
i?aaiecaoeee yaeyaony ?anii?yaeeoaeai e?aaeeoia.
Naie iieiiii/ey ?anii?yaeeoaey e?aaeeoia eiiaiaee? (ia/aeueiee) aiaiiie
i?aaiecaoeee ?aaeecoao, ?anii?yaeaynue n?aaenoaaie aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeee,
iaoiaeyueieny ia aa eeoeaaii n/aoa, ioe?uaaaiii a niioaaonoaothuai
oa??eoi?eaeueiii i?aaia Oaaea?aeueiiai eacia/aenoaa74.
Anee aea ?anniao?eaaoue i?aaa eiiaiaee?a (ia/aeueieea) aiaiiie
i?aaiecaoeee ii ?anii?yaeaieth n?aaenoaaie, iieo/aiiuie io ?ac?aoaiiuo
aeaeia i?eiinyuae aeioiaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, oi yoeie n?aaenoaaie
eiiaiaee? (ia/aeueiee) aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeee ?anii?yaeaaony e aiana
naiinoiyoaeueii. Iiyoiio eiiaiaee? (ia/aeueiee) aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeee
yaeyaony aa i?aaiii, aeaenoaeyie eioi?iai e ?aaeecoaony a?aaeaeaineay
i?aainoauaeoiinoue aieineie /anoe.
A cia/eo, aiaiiua i?aaiecaoeee iaeaaeatho «eiouanoaaiiie e th?eaee/aneie
naiinoiyoaeueiinoueth». Ii yoiio e?eoa?eth aiaiiua i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeiu
?anniao?eaaoueny eae naiinoiyoaeueiua i?aainiiniaiua noauaeou
a?aaeaeaineeo i?aaiioiioaiee.
E?iia oiai, eniieuecoy auaeaeaiiia e cae?aieaiiia ca iae nianoaaiieeii
eiouanoai, aieineay /anoue eiaao i?aai inouanoaeyoue i?eiinyuoth aeioiae
aeayoaeueiinoue, i?eia?aoay i?aai oicyenoaaiiiai aaaeaiey ia iieo/aiiia
io oaeie aeayoaeueiinoe eiouanoai e o/eouaay aai ia ioaeaeueiii aaeaina,
i /ai iiae?iaiaa aoaeao neacaii ai aoi?ie aeaaa ianoiyuaai
enneaaeiaaiey. Ii e yoei ia ia?aie/eaathony, eiouanoaaiiay
iainiaeaiiinoue aieineie /anoe. Eae ethaie noauaeo a?aaeaeaineeo
i?aaiioiioaiee aieineay /anoue ai?aaa eiaoue eiouanoai e ia i?aaa
nianoaaiiinoe. I?aai nianoaaiiinoe iiaeao auoue i?eia?aoaii aieineie
/anoueth ia oi eiouanoai, eioi?ia iieo/aii e iae ia io ainoaea?noaa, a
ii ae?oaei iniiaaieyi. Aaoi? eiaao aaeaeo eiouanoai, iieo/aiiia ii
aacaiciacaeiui naeaeeai (oaeei eae aea?aiea e iiaea?oaiaaiea) eee
th?eaee/aneei oaeoai (ianeaaeiaaiea ii caaauaieth). Oaeia eiouanoai
iinea aai i?eiyoey aoaeao ia oaaea?aeueiie nianoaaiiinoueth, a
eiouanoaii aieineie /anoe.
Oaeei ia?acii, iainiaeaiiia eiouanoai aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeee,
ninoaaeythuaa iaoa?eaeueioth aaco aiciiaeiinoe aa o/anoey a
a?aaeaeaineeo i?aaiioiioaieyo, ninoieo a aaciaee/iuo aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoaao, niaieoiiinoe eiouanoaa ia ecuyoiai ec iai?ioa, iaoiaeyuaainy
o aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeee ia ia?aie/aiiii aauiii i?aaa, aeeth/ay eiouanoai,
i?eia?aoaiiia aieineie /anoueth io i?eiinyuae aeioiae aeayoaeueiinoe e
eiouanoai, iieo/aiiia aieineie /anoueth a ?acoeueoaoa aacaiciacaeiuo
naeaeie e th?eaee/aneeo oaeoia, iaoiaeyuaany a nianoaaiiinoe aieineie
/anoe.
A niioaaonoaee ni no.26 AE ?NON? 1964 aiaea i?aainiiniaiinoue
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea aicieeaea n iiiaioa ooaa?aeaeaiey aai onoaaa eee
iieiaeaiey, a a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iii aeaenoaoao ia iniiaaiee iauaai
iieiaeaiey ia i?aaiecaoeeyo aeaiiiai aeaea, – n iiiaioa i?eiyoey
eiiiaoaioiui i?aaiii ?aoaiey i aai nicaeaiee. Iiyoiio aiaiiua
i?aaiecaoeee a niioaaonoaee n iieiaeaieyie i ieo i?eciaaaeenue
th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie n iiiaioa, ii?aaeaeaiiiai a aee?aeoeaa
niioaaonoaothuaai i?aaia aiaiiiai oi?aaeaiey ia eo ia?aciaaiee. Caeii ia
o?aaiaae eo ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee.
Neooaoeey eciaieeanue iinea aaaaeaiey a aeaenoaea ia oa??eoi?ee ?innee
Iniia a?aaeaeaineiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa Nithca NN? e ?anioaeee 1991
aiaea75, i.C no. 13 eioi?uo onoaiiaee i?aaeei ia iaycaoaeueiie
ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee th?eaee/aneeo eeoe. Yoi aea i?aaeei iaoei
naia cae?aieaiea e a no.51 aeaenoaothuaai AE.
Iniaaiii ino?i aii?in i i?eciaiee ca aiaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie noaoona
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea enoiaey ec iaee/ey eee ionoonoaey aai
oi?iaeeciaaiiiai i?iyaeaiey – ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee – noieo, eae
i?aaeei, i?e ?anniio?aiee aeae a a?aeo?aaeiuo noaeao. I?e/ai, eae
i?aaenoaaeyaony, i?eaeaieth ino?iou aeaiiiio aii?ino niinianoaiaaea
iiceoeey naieo aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe
Iiyoiio, iai?eia?, caianoeoaeue I?aaenaaeaoaey Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai
Noaea ?O a ia?oa 1998 aiaea aeae ?acuyniaiea i oii, /oi a eaaeaeii
eiie?aoiii neo/aa iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeeiaeeoue aieineei /anoyi
iiaeoaa?aeeoue naia i?aaiaia iieiaeaiea. Anee aea aiaiiay i?aaiecaoeey
ia eiaao i?eciaeia th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, a oii /enea e ec-ca ionoonoaey
ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee, oi aiciiaeii i?eaea/aiea e o/anoeth a
aeaea auoanoiyueo i?aaiecaoeee aieioue aei Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu ?O eae
iaiin?aaenoaaiii, oae e iooai auaea/e niioaaonoaothuae aeiaa?aiiinoe
eiiaiaeiaaieth eiie?aoiie aieineie /anoe77.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaeno?aoeey yaeyaony oi?iaeeciaaiiui i?iyaeaieai
iaee/ey o nioeeaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey anao iaiaoiaeeiuo i?eciaeia
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, e, eae neaaenoaea, aeinoaoi/iui e aannii?iui
iiaeoaa?aeaeaieai iaee/ey noaoona noauaeoa a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaa o
aeaiiiai ia?aciaaiey78 . Eae ioia/aaony a nia?aiaiiie eeoa?aoo?a,
iaycaoaeueiay ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaeno?aoeey th?eaee/aneeo eeoe auea
aaaaeaia caeiiiaeaoaeai aeey oiai, «/oiau iaeaa/eoue iieiaeaiea
o/anoieeia a?aaeaeaineiai iai?ioa, e i?aaeaea anaai oao ec ieo, eoi
?aoaao aeey naay aii?in i caeeth/aiee aeiaiai?a n niioaaonoaothuei
ia?aciaaieai»79.
I?e yoii aeaiiua i ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee aeieaeiu aeeth/aoueny a
aaeeiue ainoaea?noaaiiue ?aano? th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, ioe?uoue aeey
anaiauaai iciaeiieaiey. Ii auiieiyaiua aiaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie ooieoeee
ia?ac?uaii naycaiu n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth nio?aiaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie e
aiaiiie oaeiu, a cia/eo, aeeth/aiea aiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee a ioe?uoue aeey
anaiauaai iciaeiieaiey aaeeiue ainoaea?noaaiiue ?aano? iiaeao iaianoe
cia/eoaeueiue oua?a aaciianiinoe ainoaea?noaa. Iiyoiio auei au eiae/ii
i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi a caeiia i ?aaeno?aoeee th?eaee/aneeo eeoe aeey
aiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeai auoue i?aaeoniio?ai iniaue ii?yaeie
?aaeno?aoeee a ea/anoaa th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, iicaieythuee niaethnoe
ioaee/ii-i?aaiaua eioa?anu io?aiu ainoaea?noaaiiie oaeiu (iai
i?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi i?iaaaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee
Oioy, iai?eia? A.A. Aa?aiaieiaui auneacaii iiaiea i oii, /oi
ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaeno?aoeey yaeyaony «noaooniia?acothuei» i?eciaeii,
ia?aaia n i?aaiecaoeeiiiui aaeeinoaii e eiouanoaaiiie iainiaeaiiinoueth,
e io iaa i?iecaiaeiu oaeea i?eciaee th?eaee/aneiai eeoea eae
naiinoiyoaeueiay eiouanoaaiiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue ii naiei
iaycaoaeuenoaai, a?aaeaeaineay aeaaniiniaiinoue e i?ioeannoaeueiay
i?aainiiniaiinoue (ni. Aa?aiaieia A.A., Oeac, ni/., n.6, 13, 14, 15).
Iaeiaei, ii iiaieth aaoi?a, n yoei iaeuecy niaeaneoueny, iineieueeo
ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaeno?aoeey i?aaiecaoeee a ea/anoaa th?eaee/aneiai
eeoea eeoue iiaeoaa?aeaeaao iaee/ea o iaa anao iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey yoiai
i?eciaeia, e, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, naiinoiyoaeueiie eiouanoaaiiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe ii naiei iaycaoaeuenoaai. Eiia iiieiaiea ianao a naaa
ia?ac?aoeiua aioo?aiiea i?ioeai?a/ey, iineieueeo aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
i?eciaaaoue naiinoiyoaeueiuie o/anoieeaie eiouanoaaiiiai iai?ioa ethauo
iauanoaaiiuo ia?aciaaiee, ia iaeaaeathueo ia oieueei eiouanoaaiiie
naiinoiyoaeueiinoueth, ii aeaaea e nianoaaiiui iaeiaiiaaieai, ii
eiathuei caienue i ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee a ea/anoaa
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea aiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeii auoue aiceiaeaii ia
Ieienoa?noai iai?iiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee n oai, /oiau ionoonoaea
ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee Ieienoa?noaii thnoeoeee ia i?eaaei e
ia?ooaieth ioaee/iuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo eioa?ania).
Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue (iiea ia i?eiyo caeii i ?aaeno?aoeee
th?eaee/aneeo eeoe) ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaeno?aoeey i?iecaiaeeony ia
oieueei i?aaiaie thnoeoeee, ii e iaeioi?uie ae?oaeie i?aaiaie.
Iaeaieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea iiea eiaao ?aaeno?aoeey th?eaee/aneeo eeoe
ioieoeeiaeueiuie i?aaiaie. A ?yaea neo/aaa aeey yoie oeaee nicaeathony
niaoeeaeueiua ?aaeno?aoeeiiiua iaeaou, eae yoi naeaeaii, iai?eia?, a
Iineaa. A yoie neooaoeee aaoi? iieaaaao aiciiaeiui ii?o/eoue i?iaaaeaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee aiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee Ieienoa?noao iai?iiu
?O. Yoi oai aieaa aiciiaeii, /oi aeey iaeioi?uo aeaeia th?eaee/aneeo
eeoe oaeay aiciiaeiinoue oaea nouanoaoao. Oae, eiiia?/aneea aaiee
?aaeno?e?othony a Oeaio?aeueiii Aaiea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee (Aaiea
?innee)80, a n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee – a Ieienoa?noaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee ii aeaeai ia/aoe, oaea?aaeeiaauaiey e n?aaenoa ianniauo
eiiioieeaoeee 81 .
Oaeaea e i?e nicaeaiee aiaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee Ieienoa?noaii iai?iiu,
yaeythuainy oaaea?aeueiui i?aaiii eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe, iie
?aaeno?e?othony yoei i?aaiii, ei i?enaaeaaaony iaeiaiiaaiea
(aeaenoaeoaeueiia e oneiaiia), a?o/aaony aiaaia ciaiy. Iiyoiio
?aaeno?aoeey aieineie /anoe i?e aa nicaeaiee a Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu
yaeyaony iaeiia?aiaiii e ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeeae aiaiiie
i?aaiecaoeee eae th?eaee/aneiai eeoea.
Oai aieaa anoue iniiaaiey i?eciaaaoue i?ioaaeoeie ainoaea?noaaiioth
?aaeno?aoeeth ?aiaa nicaeaiiua (aei 3 aaaonoa 1992 aiaea) aiaiiua
i?aaiecaoeee e aac i?iaaaeaiey aeiiieieoaeueiie ?aaeno?aoeee eo a
ea/anoaa th?eaee/aneeo eeoe. Yoi auoaeaao ec oiai, /oi iineieueeo oaeea
iauanoaaiiua ia?aciaaiey iaeaaeaee a i?ioeii e iaeaaeatho a ianoiyuai
anaie iaiaoiaeeiuie i?eciaeaie th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, oi iie iiaoo
i?iaeieaeaoue naia o/anoea a eiouanoaaiiii iai?ioa e aac oi?iaeecaoeee
iaee/ey i?enoueo ei i?eciaeia. Anee aea ia i?eciaaaoue ca yoeie
i?aaiecaoeeyie noaoon th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, oi yoi, ai-ia?auo, iiaeao
iaianoe a?aae eioa?anai eo e?aaeeoi?ia (anee nouanoaotho ioiioaiey,
aicieeoea aua a ia?eiae i?eciaiey ca ieie noaoona th?eaee/aneiai eeoea),
a ai-aoi?uo, iio?aaoao iaycaoaeueiiai i?iaaaeaiey i?ioeaaeo?
?ai?aaiecaoeee eee eeeaeaeaoeee aeaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee eae th?eaee/aneeo
eeoe, /oi oaeaea a?yae ee ii?aaaeaii n oi/ee c?aiey ioaee/ii-i?aaiauo
eioa?ania, iineieueeo iiaeao i?eaanoe e oooaeoaieth iai?iiiniiniaiinoe
ainoaea?noaa e iio?aaoao cia/eoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo cao?ao.
Iiyoiio aaoi? n/eoaao, /oi ?aaeno?aoeey, i?iaiaeeiay Ieienoa?noaii
iai?iiu i?e nicaeaiee aieineeo /anoae, nii?yaeaiiay n i?enaiaieai ei
aeaenoaeoaeueiiai e, i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe, oneiaiiai iaeiaiiaaiey,
yaeyaony aeinoaoi/iui iiaeoaa?aeaeaieai iaee/ey eo ainoaea?noaaiiie
?aaeno?aoeee.
Eae oeacuaaeinue ?aiaa, aeey naiinoiyoaeueiiai o/anoey a a?aaeaeaineii
iai?ioa noauaeoo iaiaoiaeeii iaeaaeaoue e a?aaeaeaineie
aeaaniiniaiinoueth.
Iineieueeo i?aaiaua ioiioaiey, o/anoieeaie eioi?uo yaeythony noauaeou
i?aaa, – ioiioaiey aieaaua82, eioi?ua, a naith i/a?aaeue, iaoneiaeaiu
iauanoaaiiuie ioiioaieyie, oi iiaeii neacaoue, /oi i?aaiaua ioiioaiey –
yoi noauaeoeaiay noi?iia iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee. Iiyoiio neaaeoao
niaeaneoueny n Ae.Aaieeiui a oii, /oi iaeaaeaiea i?aainoauaeoiinoueth –
yoi «iaoneiaeaiiay iauanoaaiiuie ioiioaieyie niiniaiinoue nicaeaaaoue
th?eaee/aneea eee aieaaua ioiioaiey»83. Ionthaea iiaeii naeaeaoue
auaiae, /oi i?aainoauaeoiinoue (a a iae e any nouiinoue i?iaeaiu
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea) ia?ac?uaii naycaia n aii?inii i naiinoiyoaeueiii
o/anoee a i?aaiioiioaieyo eae ioiioaieyo aieaauo. Iineieueeo aea aieaaua
ioiioaiey i?iyaeythony aiaia, oi e aii?in i noauaeoa i?aaa, i
th?eaee/aneii eeoea – yoi aii?in i aunooieaiee aeaiiiai ia?aciaaiey eae
aaeeinoaa, eae iineoaey aiee a aai ioiioaieyo n ae?oaeie noauaeoaie
i?aaa, a noauaeo i?aaa – yoi iineoaeue aieaauo ioiioaiee, auyaeyaiuo
aiaia, a iai?ioa.
Aeey i?eciaiey ca iauanoaaiiui ia?aciaaieai eae noauaeoii a?aaeaeaineiai
i?aaa aieaniiniaiinoe, iii aeieaeii auoue i?aaieciaaii a aaeeiia oeaeia.
Iineieueeo a oa/aiea aeeeoaeueiiai ia?eiaea a?aiaie iniiaiie ooieoeeae
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea auea oeaio?aeecaoeey nianoaaiiinoe, eaieoaea84oi ia
ia?aia ianoi n?aaee i?eciaeia th?eaee/aneiai eeoea anaaaea noaaeee oi,
/oi yoi i?aaiecaoeey ianeieueeeo eeoe. E aei neo ii? einoeooo
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea aunooiaao eae aaaeiaeoay i?aaiaay oi?ia
oeaio?aeecaoeee e eiioeaio?aoeee eaieoaea. «Iniiaiui i?eciaeii,
ii?aaeaeythuei aiciiaeiinoue ?acee/iuo iauanoaaiiuo ia?aciaaiee
aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa noauaeoia i?aaa – o/anoieeia i?aaiioiioaiee,
yaeyaony i?aaiecaoeeiiiia aaeeinoai»85- oeacuaaao ?.I. Oaeoeia. Neaaeoao
iaeiaei ioiaoeoue, /oi e ianoiyuaio a?aiaie, eiaaea iau/iui yaeaieai
noaee th?eaee/aneea eeoea, ninoiyuea ec iaeiiai o/anoieea (oece/aneiai
eee th?eaee/aneiai eeoea), oaeay o?aeoiaea th?eaee/aneiai eeoea oaea ia
auaeyaeeo iaeiicia/iie, aucuaay na?ueaciua aic?aaeaiey. Ii iineieueeo
aieineay /anoue, /uey a?aaeaeaineay i?aainoauaeoiinoue yaeyaony
i?aaeiaoii iaoaai enneaaeiaaiey, a i?eioeeia ia iiaeao ninoiyoue ec
iaeiiai o/anoieea, oi neaaeoao i?eciaoue i?eciae «i?aaiecaoeee»,
«i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai aaeeinoaa», aeaenoaeoaeueii eiathuei ia?ainoaiaiiia
cia/aiea.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiia aaeeinoai oa?aeoa?ecoao anyeoth i?aaiecaoeeth eae
aaeeiia oeaeia. I?eciae «i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai aaeeinoaa» ?anniao?eaaaony a
ea/anoaa i?eciaea nouanoaaiiiai e eiino?oeoeaiiai, aunooiathuaai a
ea/anoaa iaoaiecia, niiniaa ?aaeecaoeee i?aainoauaeoiinoe th?eaee/aneiai
eeoea.
«I?aaiecaoeey» a eaene/aneii oieeiaaiee iiieiaaony eae «iauanoaaiiia
iauaaeeiaiea eee ainoaea?noaaiiia o/?aaeaeaiea; i?aaieciaaiiinoue,
i?iaeoiaiiia ono?ienoai»87 Oi anoue «i?aaiecaoeeth» iiaeii iiieiaoue eae
oi?iaeueiia iauaaeeiaiea oece/aneeo e (eee) th?eaee/aneeo eeoe aeey
niaianoiiai aaaeaiey eaeie-eeai aeayoaeueiinoe. Iiyoiio iiaeii
auaeaeeoue aeaa aeaaiuo cia/aiey, eioi?ua i?eaeathony oa?ieio
«i?aaiecaoeey» 88 :
1. i?aaiecaoeey eae aeayoaeueiinoue, iai?aaeaiiay ia oii?yaei/aiea,
iaeaaeeaaiea, i?eaaaeaiea a nenoaio /aai-eeai, iai?eia? i?aaiecaoeey
o?oaea, i?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa e oae aeaeaa;
2. i?aaiecaoeey eae ii?aaeaeaiiia nioeeaeueiia ia?aciaaiea –
«iauanoaaiiue i?aaieci», iai?eia?, i?iiuoeaiiia i?aaei?eyoea,
aeia?iaieueiia nii?oeaiia iauanoai e oae aeaeaa.
Aaconeiaii, /oi iiiyoea «i?aaiecaoeee» i?eiaieoaeueii e ?anniao?eaaaiiio
i?eciaeo th?eaee/aneiai eeoea eiaao cia/aiea oieueei ai aoi?ii cia/aiee.
I?eiaieoaeueii e yoiio cia/aieth iiaeii aiai?eoue i oii, /oi «nouiinoue
ethaie i?aaiecaoeee (eae e iauanoaa a oeaeii) caeeth/aia ia a naieo ii
naaa ethaeyo, a a oao naycyo e ioiioaieyo, a eioi?uo ethaee (eo
nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu, eeannu, ainoaea?noaa) iaoiaeyony ae?oa e ae?oao,
iauaaeeiyynue aeey aeinoeaeaiey iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae»89 .
Iiyoiio «i?aaiecaoeey» i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ii?aaeaeaiiia nioeeaeueiia
ia?aciaaiea eae nenoaio nouanoaaiiuo nioeeaeueiuo acaeiinaycae,
iin?aaenoaii eioi?uo ethaee (eee a?oiiu ethaeae) iauaaeeiythony aeey
aeinoeaeaiey iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae a aaeeiia no?oeoo?ii e ooieoeeiiaeueii
aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiia nioeeaeueiia oeaeia.
?acoiaaony, ia ethaay i?aaiecaoeey i?eciaaony th?eaee/aneei eeoeii e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia ethaay i?aaiecaoeey iiaeao o/anoaiaaoue a
yeiiiie/aneii iai?ioa. Aeey oiai, /oiau ca i?aaiecaoeeae aue i?eciai
noaoon th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, iia aeieaeia iaeaaeaoue oaeaea e anaie
auoaoeacaiiuie i?eciaeaie.
Iniiaiui e?eoa?eai aeey auaeaeaiey aeaiiiai aeaea i?aaiecaoeee eae
naiinoiyoaeueiiai aeaea o/anoieeia i?aaiioiioaiee (ii i?eciaeo iaee/ey
i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai aaeeinoaa) neoaeeo oa?aeoa? aeayoaeueiinoe, ooieoeee,
auiieiyaiua aeaiiui iauanoaaiiui ia?aciaaieai. I?e/ai iineieueeo
ii?aaeaeaiiua ooieoeee iiaoo auiieiyoueny ia ?acee/iuo o?iaiyo, oi
eiee/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee ia eiatho ?aoathuaai cia/aiey.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiia aaeeinoai ?anniao?eaaaony eae «i?aaeinoaaeaiiua
o/?aaeeoaeyi caeiiii th?eaee/aneea aiciiaeiinoe, a i?aaeaeao
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiauo oi?i nouanoaiaaiey th?eaee/aneeo eeoe,
oi?ie?iaaoue nenoaio aioo?aiieo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo naycae iaaeaeo
yeaiaioaie, ninoaaeythueie aai eiino?oeoeeth, n oeaeueth iaania/aiey
niiniaiinoe i?aaiecaoeee aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa noauaeoa a?aaeaeaineeo
ioiioaiee»90.
TH?eaee/aneia eeoei, oaeei ia?acii, iaycaoaeueii i?aaeiieaaaao
«ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii i?aaieciaaiioth naycue ethaeae»91, a oneiaeai
aicieeiiaaiey th?eaee/aneie ee/iinoe yaeyaony aieaaay aeayoaeueiinoue
ethaeae, iai?aaeaiiay ia aa nicaeaiea. I?aaiecaoeey i?aa?auaao aaeeinoai
i?aa e iaycaiiinoae aoiaeyueo a iaa eeoe (ethaeae) a iiaia ea/anoai,
eioi?ia au?aaeaaony a i?aaao e iaycaiiinoyo naiie i?aaiecaoeee eae
aaeeiiai oeaeiai.
Ii e?iia aioo?aiiaai i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai aaeeinoaa i?aaiecaoeey,
i?aoaiaeothuay ia noaoon th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, aeieaeia iaeaaeaoue
oaeaea e aiaoiae aaoiiiieae, iiae eioi?ie iiieiaaony «iaiaoiaeeiay ia?a
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe a aeaenoaeyo aeaiiiai th?eaee/aneiai eeoea ii
ioiioaieth ei anai «o?aoueei eeoeai», ooieoeeiie?othuei eae a ?aieao
iaeiie nenoaiu (aaaeiinoaa), oae e ca aa i?aaeaeaie»92 .
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, /oiau nioeeaeueiia ia?aciaaiea iiaei ?anniao?eaaoueny a
ea/anoaa naiinoiyoaeueiiai e ia yoii iniiaaiee aunooiaoue a iai?ioa io
naiaai, a ia /oaeiai eiaie, oaeia nioeeaeueiia ia?aciaaiea ia aeieaeii
caaenaoue a naieo aeaenoaeyo e ?aoaieyo io aiee ae?oaeo eeoe. Anee aea
oaeia ia?aciaaiea ia naiaiaeii a naieo aeaenoaeyo io aiee eaeiai au oi
ie auei ae?oaiai ia?aciaaiey, ionoue aeaaea e nouanoaothuaai a ?aieao
oie aea, /oi e ia?aia ia?aciaaiea, nenoaiu, oi iaeuecy i?eciaoue ca
oaeie i?aaiecaoeeae (nioeeaeueiui ia?aciaaieai) i?aa naiinoiyoaeueiiai
o/anoieea oao ioiioaiee a eioi?uo iii o/anoaoao. Iiaeii eeoue aiai?eoue
i i?aaenoaaeoaeueneie ooieoeee yoie i?aaiecaoeee, ii ?aaeueiui
o/anoieeii ioiioaiee, a eioi?uo oi?iaeueii oeao?e?oao ianaiinoiyoaeueiay
i?aaiecaoeey, aoaeao ana-oaee oi eeoei, /uey aiey eae ?ac e ?aaeecoaony
iin?aaenoaii aeaenoaee iaaaoiiiiiie i?aaiecaoeee.
E Aii?oaeaiiui Neeai e aieineei /anoyi i?eciae «i?aaiecaoeee»,
«i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai aaeeinoaa» i?eiaiei a neeo oeacaiey i.1 no. 10 Caeiia
?O io 31.05.96 a. ? 61-OC «Ia iai?iia», i?e/ai caeii iacuaaao ana
Aii?oaeaiiua Neeu aaeeiie i?aaiecaoeeae, a ana ioaeaeueiua
iiae?acaeaeaiey – oeaio?aeueiua i?aaiu aiaiiiai oi?aaeaiey,
iauaaeeiaiey, niaaeeiaiey, aieineea /anoe, aeaeu e ?iaea aiene, Oue
Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee, aienea, ia aoiaeyuea a aeaeu e ?iaea aiene
Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee ?O – iacaaiu iaoiaeyueieny a ninoaaa yoie i?aaiecaoeee
(no. E Caeiia ?O «Ia iai?iia»).
Oieueei a Caeiia ?O io 05.08.95 a. ? 126-OC «I aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo
aieneao ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee» onoaiiaeaii, /oi aieineea /anoe yoeo
aiene yaeythony th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie (i.2 no. 10 Caeiia).
A oi aea a?aiy Oaaea?aeueiue caeii io 12.07.1999 a. ? 161-OC «I
iaoa?eaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe aiaiiineoaeaueo»93 ii?aaeaeee, /oi
aieineeie /anoyie yaeythony i?aaiu aiaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, iauaaeeiaiey,
niaaeeiaiey, aieineea /anoe, ei?aaee, i?aaiecaoeee, aiaiiua
ia?aciaaoaeueiua o/?aaeaeaiey i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, a eioi?uo
a niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
aiaiiineoaeauea i?ioiaeyo aiaiioth neoaeao (no.2 Caeiia).
Oaeei ia?acii, aiaiiineoaeauea, ninoaaeythuea «ethaeneie noano?ao»
aiaiiie i?aaiecaoeee (aieineie /anoe), ianiio?y ia oi, /oi iie i?ioiaeyo
aiaiioth neoaeao a Aii?oaeaiiuo Neeao e iiae/eiythony aaeeiiio aeey anao
?oeiaiaenoao – ?oeiaiaenoao Ieienoa?noaa iai?iiu (iacaaeneii io oiai,
i?ioiaeyo ee iie neoaeao a Aiaiii-Aicaeooiuo Neeao eee a Aiaiii-Ii?neii
Oeioa, aeeneioee?oaony ee eo /anoue a Io?iaineie iaeanoe eee a
Eiiniiieuenea-ia-Aio?a), a oi aea a?aiy i?aaieciaaiu a ?aieao
ioaeaeueiie aieineie /anoe, aoaeo/e naycaiu i?aaiioiioaieyie n aeaiiie
eiie?aoiie aieineie /anoueth, iaeaaeatho ii?aaeaeaiiuie i?aaaie,
naycaiiuie n i?ioiaeaeaieai neoaeau eiaiii a yoie, a ia a eaeie-eeai
ae?oaie /anoe, e ianoo ii?aaeaeaiiua niaoeeoe/aneea iaycaiiinoe,
aicieeathuea aeey ieo a nayce ni neoaeaie a aeaiiie /anoe eae a
ioaeaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee.
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