I e i e n o a ? n o a i
iauaai e i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Aeaoeeee ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeaaiae/aneee einoeooo
AeEIEIIIAss ?AAIOA
ii a?aaeaeaineiio i?aao
ia oaio:
“Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie.
(Iauea iieiaeaiey).”
Nooaeaio
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue:
– 2 –
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ Стр.
ВВЕДЕНИЕ…………………………………………… 3
ГЛАВА I. ОБЩИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ…………………………….. 5
1 Понятие сделки, ее признаки…………………… 5
2 Условия действительности сделок……………….. 10
3 Недействительные сделки: пон?ятие и виды………… 20
ГЛАВА II. ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ ВИДЫ НЕДЕЙСТ?ВИТЕЛЬНЫХ СДЕЛОК……….. 28
1 Сделки с пороками в субъекте………………….. 28
2 Сделки с пороками формы………………………. 40
3 Сделки с пороками воли……………………….. 41
4 Сделки с пороками содержания?………………….. 52
ГЛАВА III. ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕН?НОСТИ И ПРАВОВЫЕ
ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ПРИЗНАНИЯ СДЕЛОК НЕДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ…. 57
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ…………………………………………. 61
НОРМАТИВНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ И СУДЕБНАЯ ПРАКТИКА………………. 63
СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА………………………………. 65
– 3 –
AAAAeAIEA
Naeaeee ea?atho aieueooth ?ieue a oicyenoaaiiie aeecie. I cia/aiee
naeaeie iiaeii noaeeoue oaea iioiio, /oi ana o/anoieee a?aaeaeaineiai
iai?ioa inouanoaeytho “AEeciue a i?aaa” aeaaiui ia?acii iooai niaa?-
oaiey ?acee/iuo naeaeie. Oae, oece/aneea eeoea aaeaaeiaaii caeeth/atho
naeaeee, ia iniiaa eioi?uo ei i?iaeatho oiaa?u, ieacuaatho oneoae,
auiieiytho ?aaiou. E i?iaeieaeaaony yoi a oa/aiea anae aeecie /aeiaa-
ea – io ?iaeaeaiey (eiaaony a aeaeo, /oi aei ii?aaeaeaiiiai aic?anoa
io eiaie iaeieaoiaai aeaenoaotho aai ?iaeeoaee e iiaeoiu) aei naiie
nia?oe (aeinoaoi/ii oeacaoue ia caaauaiea, ni?aaaaeeeai eiaioaiia
“iineaaeiae aieae”).
Oaeia aea aieueoia ianoi caieiatho naeaeee a i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe iacaaeneii io oiai, eaeao ee ?a/ue i oi?aiaea, oi?ai-
aii iin?aaeie/anoaa, aaieianeeo e ae?aeaauo iia?aoeeyo, eioi?ua a
eiie, /ai naeaeee, oi?ia, ia iiaoo nouanoaiaaoue. Niaa?oay naeaeee,
i?aaiecaoeee niaeaniauaatho naith aeayoaeueiinoue ii i?iecaiaenoao i?i-
aeoeoeee, niaaaeaieth ae?oa ae?oaa iaiaoiaeeiuie iaoa?eaeaie, nu?ueai,
iai?oaeiaaieth, ii eaieoaeueiiio no?ieoaeuenoao e auiieiaieth iao/-
ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo, i?iaeoiuo e eiino?oeoi?neeo ?aaio. I?e ii-
iiue naeaeie th?eaee/aneea eeoea i?aaiecotho ia?aaicee i?iaeoeoeee ?ac-
iuie aeaeaie o?ainii?oa.
Oe?iei eniieuecothony naeaeee e a iaeanoe aiaoiae oi?aiaee.
Aieueoia cia/aiea eiatho iie e a noa?a eoeueoo?u, iai?eia?, aei-
aiai?u iaaeaeo ecaeaoaeuenoaaie e aaoi?aie, iauyaeaiea eiieo?nia ia
nicaeaiea i?iecaaaeaiee iaoee e eneonnoaa.
Oaeei ia?acii, naeaeee yaeythony iniiaiie i?aaiaie oi?iie, a
eioi?ie iiin?aaeoaony iaiai iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie a?aaeaeaineiai iai?i-
oa. E a nayce n yoei iniaia cia/aiea i?eia?aoatho oa o?aaiaaiey,
– 4 –
eioi?ua i?aaeuyaeyao caeii e aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeie. A?aaeaeaineee
Eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee a aeaaa, iinayuaiiie naeaeeai, ia?yaeo
n eo iiiyoeai, aeaeaie e oi?iie, oaeaeyao ianoi e iineaaenoaeyi
i?eciaiey eo iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie. A iiauo oicyenoaaiiuo oneiaeyo
ca/anooth aicieeatho ?aiaa iaecaanoiua ninoaau iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo
naeaeie. Iie auyaeythony i?e i?aia?aciaaiee oi?i nianoaaiiinoe,
i?iaaaeaiee i?eaaoecaoeee, a iaeanoe caiaeueiuo ioiioaiee.
Eoae, y n/eoath, /oi oaia “iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie” yaeyao-
ny aeooaeueiie. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy aeaenoaoao iiaue A?aaeaeaineee Ei-
aeaen, eioi?ue nouanoaaiii ioee/aaony io AE 1964 aiaea, e?iia oiai,
i?eciaiea naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie yaeyaony iaeiei ec niiniaia ca-
ueou a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa. Yoio niinia caueou a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa yaey-
aony yooaeoeaiui e oe?iei i?eiaiyaony ia i?aeoeea.
Aianoa n oai nouanoaotho ii?aaeaeaiiua i?iaeaiu a aeieacuaaiee
oao eee eiuo iniiaaiee i?eciaiey naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie.
AE 1994 aiaea i?aaeoniao?eaaao iiaua ninoaau iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo
naeaeie (no.169, no.174), a iaeioi?ua ninoaau ooi/iaiu.
Ioaeaeueiua aeaeu iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie, iiieii aeaau 9
“Naeaeee”, i?aaeoniao?eaathony e a ae?oaeo noaoueyo AE, eioi?ua iaoi-
aeyony ca a?aieoeaie yoie aeaau, a oaeaea a ae?oaeo caeiiao e i?aai-
auo aeoao (iai?eia?, Naiaeiue eiaeaen niaea?aeeo ?yae ninoaaia ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie).
A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a i?iaeaiiui yaeyaony aii?in i oii,
iiaeii ee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiua naeaeee i?eciaaaoue naeaeeaie e o.ae.
Yoe e iaeioi?ua ae?oaea aii?inu y oi/o inaaoeoue a naiae ?aai-
oa. I?e iaienaiee ?aaiou iiith eniieueciaaia iioaeeeiaaiiay e iano-
iay noaeaaiay i?aeoeea ca iyoeeaoiee ia?eiae (1992-1998 a.). Ii oa-
ia aeeieiiiiai enneaaeiaaiey auee iaienaiu 2 eo?niaua ?aaiou.
.
– 5 –
y2AEAAA I. IAUEA AII?INU OAIU.
1. Iiiyoea naeaeee, aa i?eciaee.
N oi/ee c?aiey a?aaeaeaineiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa i?aaei?eieia-
oaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue – iacaaeneii io oiai, eaeao ee ?a/ue i niaa?-
oaiee aaieianeeo eee ae?aeaauo iia?aoeeyo, oi?aiaea e o.i., – iiaeao
auoue i?aaenoaaeaia eae niaa?oaiea ?acee/iiai ?iaea naeaeie. Naeaeea –
iaeei ec iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo th?eaee/aneeo oaeoia.
*oi aea oaeia naeaeea?
No. 153 AE ?O ii?aaeaeyao iiiyoea naeaeee eae aeaenoaey a?aaeaeai
e th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, iai?aaeaiiua ia onoaiiaeaiea, eciaiaiea eee
i?ae?auaiea a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa e iaycaiiinoaey51y0.
Oaeei ia?acii, naeaeeo oa?aeoa?ecotho neaaeothuea i?eciaee:
a) naeaeea anoue aeaenoaea, o.a. i?iyaeaiiue aiaia aieaaie aeo
aeayoaeueiinoe, iai?aaeaiiue ia aeinoeaeaiea ii?aaeaeaiiie oeaee.
a) naeaeea – aieaaie aeo.
Aoaeo/e aieaaui aeoii, naeaeea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ni/aoaiea
aiee e aieaecuyaeaiey.
Aiey aeaao ioaao ia aii?in: “/oi y oi/o?”, a aieaecuyaeaiea –
“/oi y aeey yoiai aeaeath?” (Iai?eia?, y oi/o iaania/eoue naay ia
neo/ae aieacie eee noa?inoe e iioiio niaa?oath naeaeeo ii no?aoiaa-
ieth aeecie). Oaeei ia?acii, aiey anoue aeaeaiea, iaia?aiea eeoea ni-
aa?oeoue naeaeeo. Ii iaeiie aiee iaaeinoaoi/ii, iaiaoiaeeii aa aeiaanoe
aei naaaeaiey ae?oaeo eeoe. Niiniau, eioi?uie aioo?aiiyy aiey au?aaea-
aony aiaia, iacuaaaony aieaecuyaeaieai.
_____________________________
1. Aeaiiia ii?aaeaeaiea yaeyaony eaaaeueiui, e n iiceoeee iaoee a?aae-
aeaineiai i?aaa iii ia oi/ii.
– 6 –
Aieaecuyaeaiea – aaaeiue yeaiaio naeaeee, n eioi?ui, eae i?a-
aeei naycuaathony th?eaee/aneea iineaaenoaey. A yoii ioee/ea naeaeee
io niauoey, o.a. ianoiyoaeuenoaai, ia caaenyuei io aiee eeoea.
Naeaeee iiaoo ii?iaeaeaoue eiiaaea iineaaenoaey i?e iaee/ee ia oieueei
aieaecuyaeaiey, ii e aeaenoaey ii ia?aaea/a eiouanoaa. Iai?eia?,
naeaeea aea?aiey aicieeaao ec aieaecuyaeaiey aea?eoaey e iaea?yaiiai
e aeaenoaey ii ia?aaea/a aaue iaea?yaiiio. Aioo?aiiyy aiey i?e ni-
aa?oaiee naeaeee iiaeao au?aaeaoueny neaaeothueie niiniaaie:
1) i?yiia aieaecuyaeaiea, eioi?ia niaa?oaaony a ienueiaiiie
eee onoiie oi?ia. Iai?eia?, caeeth/aiea aeiaiai?a, iaiai ienueiaie.
2) einaaiiia aieaecuyaeaiea, eioi?ia eiaao ianoi a neo/ayo,
eiaaea io eeoea, iaia?aaathuaainy niaa?oeoue naeaeeo, enoiaeyo oaeea
aeaenoaey, ec niaea?aeaiey eioi?uo auoaeaao aai iaia?aiea niaa?oeoue
naeaeeo. Aeaiiua aeaenoaey iacuaathony eiieethaeaioiuie.
Oae, niaa?oaiea naeaeie /a?ac aaoiiao ii i?iaeaaea aace?iaaiiie
aiaeu naii ii naaa oaea icia/aao iaia?aiea eeoea caeeth/eoue naeaeeo.
I.2 no.158 AE ?O oeacuaaao, /oi eiieethaeaioiuie aeaenoaeyie iiaoo
niaa?oaoue eeoue naeaeee, eioi?ua a niioaaonoaee n caeiiii iiaoo
auoue niaa?oaiu onoii.
3) ecuyaeaiea aiee iiaeao eiaoue ianoi oaeaea e iin?aaenoaii
iie/aiey. Ii aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau a caeiia niaea?aeaeinue
oeacaiea ia oi, eiaao ee iie/aiea ii?aaeaeaiiia cia/aiea “aea” eee
“iao”. Oae, no.546 AE ?O 1964 a. i?aaeoniao?eaaao, /oi ianeaaeieee,
eioi?ua ia i?ioyaeaiee oanoe ianyoeaa ia au?acyo aieth i?eiyoue ian-
eaaenoai, n/eoathony ioeacaaoeieny io iaai.
a) Naeaeea yaeyaony i?aaiia?iui aieaaui aeaenoaeai. I?aaiia?-
iinoue naeaeee icia/aao, /oi iia iaeaaeaao ea/anoaaie th?eaee/aneiai
oaeoa, ii?iaeaeathuaai oa i?aaiaua iineaaenoaey, ianooieaiey eioi?uo
– 7 –
aeaeatho eeoea, anooiathuea a naeaeeo, e eioi?ua ii?aaeaeaiu caeiiii
aeey aeaiiie naeaeee. Iiyoiio naeaeea, niaa?oaiiay a niioaaonoaee n
o?aaiaaieyie caeiia, aeaenoaeoaeueia, o.a. i?eciaaony ?aaeueii no-
uanoaothuei th?eaee/aneei oaeoii, ii?iaeeaoei aeaeaaiue noauaeoaie
naeaeee i?aaiaie ?acoeueoao. Eiaiii i?aaiia?iinoueth naeaeea ioee/aao-
ny io i?aaiia?ooaiee (aeaeeeoia) – aieaauo aeaenoaee, i?ioeaiuo ca-
eiio e aeaeoueo ca niaie oaeea i?aaiaua iineaaenoaey, eioi?uo ee-
oei, niaa?oeaoaa i?aaiia?ooaiea, ia eiaei aaeaeo e ianooieaiey ei-
oi?uo iii ia aeaeaeiy51y0.
Naeaeea ioee/aaony io aeoia ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia e i?aaiia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, eioi?ua yaeythony iniiaaieyie aicieeiiaa-
iey a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae, ii e eioi?ui iieiaeaiey AE i
naeaeeao ia i?eiaiythony.
a) Naeaeeo ioee/aao iai?aaeaiiinoue aeaenoaee ia ii?aaeaeaiiue
i?aaiaie ?acoeueoao, iaia?aiea aai aeinoe/ue. A no.153 AE yoi au?a-
aeaii a neiaao: “…iai?aaeaiiua ia onoaiiaeaiea, eciaiaiea eee
i?ae?auaiea a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae.” Niaa?oay naeaeeo ee-
oei eiaao aaeaeo oaeiaeaoai?aiea ii?aaeaeaiiie iio?aaiinoe (a aeeeuea,
ieua e o.ae.), o.a. iii noaaeo ia?aae niaie oeaeue yeiiiie/aneiai oa-
?aeoa?a. Iaeiaei oeaeue naeaeee a oii, /oi eeoei, aa niaa?oathuaa, aea-
eaao ia i?inoi oaeoe/aneiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey iio?aaiinoe, ii iieo-
/aiey i?aaa ia iieueciaaiea aeaaii, eioi?ui iii oaeiaeaoai?yaony e
io?aiu yoiai i?aaa. Aianoa n oai iii iniciaao, /oi naeaeea nicaeaao
aeey iaai iaycaiiinoe ii ioiioaieth e ae?oaiio eeoeo (Iai?eia?,
iaycaiiinoue aiineoue eaa?oe?ioth ieaoo). E caeanue neaaeoao ioiaoeoue,
_____________________________
1. Oaoiaoia A.I. Ninoaau i?ioeaii?aaiuo naeaeie e iaoneiaeaiiua
eie iineaaenoaey. Oiine, 1967. – N.87.
– 8 –
/oi aeey naeaeee oa?aeoa?ii niaiaaeaiea oeaee e i?aaiaiai ?acoeueoa-
oay51y0.
Oeaeue e ?acoeueoao ia niaiaaeatho, eiaaea a oi?ia naeaeee niaa?oa-
thony iai?aaiia?iua aeaenoaey. TH?eaee/aneea oeaee iaiaoiaeeii ioee/aoue
io iioeaa, ii eioi?iio iia niaa?oaaony. Iioea – yoi iiaoaeeoaeueiay
i?e/eia, oa nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneay eee eiay oeaeue, ?aaee aeinoeaea-
iey eioi?ie eeoei anooiaao a naeaeeo. Iioea eaaeeo aia i?aaeaeia
naeaeee e ia ieacuaaao ia iaa ieeaeiai aeeyiey. Aeaenoaeoaeueii,
i?eia?aoaaony ee aeaeaieaia?a a ea/anoaa iiaea?ea /eaio naiuee eee
aeey nianoaaiiiai eniieueciaaiey, eeai aeey caiyoey i?aaei?eieiaoaeue-
neie aeayoaeueiinoueth – yoi ieeae ia iiaeao iiaeeyoue ia nai oaeo i?e-
ia?aoaiey i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe ia aeaeaieaia?o, o.a. ia naeaeeo eoi-
ee-i?iaeaaee. TH?eaee/anee aac?acee/ii, aeinoeaei ee eeoei a ?acoeueoaoa
yoie naeaeee oiai ?acoeueoaoa, eioi?ue aunooiee iiaoaeeoaeueiui iioe-
aii naeaeee. Iaeiaei, caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii, i?aaeoniio?aiu ioaeaeueiua
neo/ae, eiaaea iioeao iiaeao i?eaeaaaoueny th?eaee/aneia cia/aiea. Oae,
a no.169 AE niaea?aeeony ii?aaeaeaiea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee, ni-
aa?oaiiie n oeaeueth, caaaaeiii i?ioeaiie iniiaai i?aaiii?yaeea e
i?aanoaaiiinoe, o.a. oeaeue naeaeee i?aaeii?aaeaeyao iineaaenoaey ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. E?iia oiai, noi?iiu ai?aaa naie i?eaeaaaoue iioe-
aai th?eaee/aneia cia/aiea, iaiai?ea onoaiiaeaiea i?aa e iaycaiiin-
oae eeai eo eciaiaiea e i?ae?auaiea, a caaeneiinoe io inouanoaea-
iey iioeaa eee oeaee naeaeee. A oaeii neo/aa iioea, iaiai?aiiue
noi?iiaie, noaiiaeony oneiaeai naeaeee, a naia naeaeea aoaeao niaa?-
_____________________________
1. A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a nouanoaoao e ae?oaia iiaiea. Ni. Ni-
aaoneia a?aaeaeaineia i?aai. *anoue ia?aay / Iiae ?aae. A.O.Ianei-
aa, A.A.Iooeeia. Eeaa, 1983. – N.72.
– 9 –
oaiiie iiae oneiaeai.
Iai?aaeaiiinoue aiee eeoea ia onoaiiaeaiea, eciaiaiea eee
i?ae?auaiea eiie?aoiuo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae ioee/aao naeaeee io oao
aeoia aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ua ia i?aneaaeotho oaeiai ?acoeueoaoa.
Oeaeueth /aeiaaea, eioi?ue ieoao eieao, yaeyaony nicaeaiea eeoa?aoo?-
iiai i?iecaaaeaiey, a ia onoaiiaeaiea a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa e iaycai-
iinoae. Aeaiiua aieaaua aeaenoaey iacuaathony iinooieaie, e i?aaiaua
iineaaenoaey ianooiatho a neeo caeiia, o.a. iacaaeneii io aiee
noauaeoa.
O/eouaay auoaiacaaiiia, iiaeii aeaoue neaaeothuaa ii?aaeaeaiea
naeaeee.
Naeaeeie iacuaaaony i?aaiia?iia, o.a. aeicaieaiiia caeiiii,
aieaaia aeaenoaea, niaa?oaaiia a?aaeaeaiaie e th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie,
iai?aaeaiiua ia onoaiiaeaiea, eciaiaiea eee i?ae?auaiea a?aaeaeain-
eeo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae.
.
– 10 –
2. Oneiaey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeie.
Naii iiiyoea naeaeea ni/aoaao a naaa 4 yeaiaioa. Ai-ia?auo,
yoi naie eeoea, o/anoaothuea a naeaeea. Ai-aoi?uo, yoi noauaeoeaiay
noi?iia (aiey e aieaecuyaeaiea). A-o?aoueeo – yoi oi?ia e a-/ao-
aa?ouo – yoi niaea?aeaiea. Ii?ie oioy au iaeiiai yeaiaioa naeaeee
i?eaiaeeo aa e iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Eoae, iniiaiuie oneiaeyie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeee yaeythony:
1) Niaa?oaiea naeaeee eeoeii, iaeaaeathuei aeinoaoi/iie aeaanii-
niaiinoueth.
2) Aieaecuyaeaiea eeoea aeieaeii niioaaonoaiaaoue aai aeaenoae-
oaeueiie aiea.
3) Oi?ia naeaeee niioaaonoaoao oi?ia, i?aaeoniio?aiiie caei-
iii.
4) Niaea?aeaiea naeaeee ia aeieaeii i?ioeai?a/eoue caeiio, o.a.
?a/ue eaeao i caeiiiinoe niaea?aeaiey naeaeee.
Noauaeoaie naeaeee yaeythony noauaeou a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaa, ia-
eaaeathuea aeaaniiniaiinoueth. Niiniaiinoue naiinoiyoaeueii niaa?oaoue
naeaeee oaea naii ii naaa yaeyaony yeaiaioii a?aaeaeaineie aeaaniinia-
iinoe. A eeoa?aoo?a ia ?ac auneacuaaeinue iiaiea i oii, /oi a?aae-
aeaineay aeaaniiniaiinoue ninoieo ec naeaeeiniiniaiinoe e aeaeeeoinii-
niaiinoe. I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi naiinoiyoaeueiiai cia/aiey yoe ea-
/anoaa ia eiatho. Iiyoiio iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeaeeoue aeaaniiniaiinoue
ia aeaiiua ea/anoaa. Naiinoiyoaeueiia niaa?oaiea naeaeie yaeyaony
iaeiei ec iniiaiuo yeaiaioia aeaaniiniaiinoe, ioiioaiea e niaa?oa-
ieth naeaeie iicaieyao aiai?eoue i ?acee/ee a aeaaniiniaiinoe iaei-
eaoieo e ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo. Aeaaniiniaiinoue th?eaee/aneiai eeoea oa-
?aeoa?ecoaony aai aeayoaeueiinoueth, i?aaeoniio?aiiie o/?aaeeoaeueiuie
– 11 –
aeieoiaioaie th?eaee/aneiai eeoea e iieiiii/eyie i?aaia th?eaee/aneiai
eeoea, eiathuaai i?aai niaa?oaoue naeaeee io eiaie th?eaee/aneiai eeoea.
Ioaeaeueiua aeaeu naeaeie th?eaee/aneea eeoea iiaoo niaa?oaoue i?e iaee-
/ee niaoeeaeueiiai ?ac?aoaiey (eeoeaicee)y51y0.
Aeey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeee aiey e aieaecuyaeaiea eiatho cia-
/aiea oieueei a eo aaeeinoaa. Aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaao e oi, eae oi?-
ie?iaaeanue aiey. Iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai aeey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeee
yaeyaony ionoonoaea eaeeo-eeai oaeoi?ia, eioi?ua iiaee au enea-
ceoue i?aaenoaaeaiey eeoea i nouanoaa naeaeee eee aa ioaeaeueiuo yea-
iaioao (caaeoaeaeaiea, iaiai), eeai nicaeaaaoue aeaeeiinoue aioo?aiiae
aiee i?e aa ionoonoaee (oa?ica, ianeeea), eai a aeaiiii neo/aa
eiaao ianoi ii?ie aiee, aaea aiey oioy e niaiaaeaao n aieaecuyaea-
ieai, ii niaea?aeaiea aiee ia io?aaeaao aeaenoaeoaeueiua aeaeaiey e ia-
ia?aiey noauaeoa. Ii?ie aiee oaeaea yaeyaony iniiaaieai aeey i?ec-
iaiey naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie.
Naeaeea ii?iaeaeaao i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe oieueei a oii neo/aa,
anee niaethaeaia aa oi?ia, eioi?ay i?aaeienaia caeiiii (no.158, 162
AE). Oi?ia naeaeie auaaao onoiie e ienueiaiiie. Onoii iiaoo niaa?-
oaoueny ethaua naeaeee, anee:
– caeiiii eee niaeaoaieai noi?ii aeey ieo ia onoaiiaeaia
ienueiaiiay oi?ia;
– naeaeee eniieiythony i?e naiii eo niaa?oaiee (ca eneeth/aieai
naeaeie, aeey eioi?uo o?aaoaony iioa?eaeueiay oi?ia, a oaeaea naeaeie
aeey eioi?uo ianiaethaeaiea i?inoie ienueiaiiie oi?iu aea/ao aa ia-
_____________________________
1. Iieiaeaiea i eeoeaice?iaaiee ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe: Oo-
aa?aeaeaii Iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa io 14.12.94 // NC ?O.
1995. N1 no.69.
– 12 –
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue;
– naeaeea niaa?oaaony ai eniieiaiea ienueiaiiiai aeiaiai?a e
eiaao niaeaoaiea noi?ii ia onoiie oi?ia eniieiaiey (no.159 AE).
Inoaeueiua naeaeee niaa?oathony a ienueiaiiie oi?ia. Ienueiaiiay
oi?ia auaaao i?inoie e iioa?eaeueiie. Ienueiaiiay naeaeea niaa?oaao-
ny iooai ninoaaeaiey aeieoiaioa, ii?aaeaeythuaai niaea?aeaiea naeaeee e
iiaeienaiiiai iaiin?aaenoaaiii eeoeii, io eiaie eioi?iai iia niaa?-
oaia, eee oai, eoi aeaenoaoao ii aai iieiiii/eth (ii aeiaa?aiiinoe).
Iioa?eaeueiay oi?ia ioee/aaony io i?inoie ienueiaiiie oi?iu oai,
/oi ia aeieoiaioa niaa?oaaony oaeinoiaa?eoaeueiay iiaeienue iioa?eonii
eee ae?oaei aeieaeiinoiui eeoeii, eiathuei i?aai niaa?oaoue oaeia iioa-
?eaeueiia aeaenoaea. Aeiaiai?u iiaoo niaa?oaoueny ia oieueei ninoaaea-
ieai aaeeiiai aeieoiaioa, ii e iooai iaiaia aeieoiaioaie iin?aaenoaii
ii/oiaie, oaeaoaeiiie e eiie nayce. Eiaeaen o/ae e nouanoaothuoth
i?aeoeeo i?eiaiaiey ?acee/iuo nia?aiaiiuo niiniaia oaeneieeueiiai
aini?iecaaaeaiey iiaeiene n iiiiuueth n?aaenoa iaoaie/aneiai eee eiiai
eiie?iaaiey yeaeo?iiii-oeeo?iaie iiaeiene e eiuo aiaeiaia nianoaai-
ii?o/iie iiaeiene. Iaeiaei caeanue niaethaeaia ii?aaeaeaiiay inoi?iae-
iinoue: eo eniieueciaaiea i?eciaaony aeiionoeiui, anee a caeiia,
eiii i?aaiaii aeoa eee niaeaoaiee noi?ii ia aoaeoo onoaiiaeaia na-
ia aiciiaeiinoue iiaeiaiuo iiaeienae e ii?aaeaeaiiue ii?yaeie. Ia?ooa-
iea oioy au iaeiiai ec yoeo o?aaiaaiee iiaeao neoaeeoue aeinoaoi/iui
iniiaaieai aeey inia?eaaiey naeaeee. Aeey caeeth/aiey aeiaiai?a ii
oaeneieeueiie nayce iaeiie noi?iia neaaeoao iai?aaeoue iiaeienaiiue ath
ienueiaiiue aeieoiaio ae?oaie noi?iia. Aoi?ay noi?iia iiaeienuaaao
iieo/aiiia oaeneieeueiia niiauaiea, e iai?aaeyao aai ia?aie noi?i-
ia. A ?acoeueoaoa ia?aay noi?iia eiaao i?eaeiae, iiaeienaiiue ath, e
oaeneieeueiia aini?iecaaaeaiea oaenoa aeieoiaioa, iiaeienaiiiai aoi-
– 13 –
?ie noi?iiie. Aoi?ay noi?iia eiaao aeieoiaio, iieo/aiiue ath ii
oaeneieeueiie nayce, ia eioi?ie iinoaaeaia iiaeienue oiieiiii/aiiiai
eeoea ni aoi?ie noi?iiu. A neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey nii?a o eaaeaeie
noi?iiu eiaaony aeieoiaio, eaeaioe/ii io?aaeathuee niaea?aeaiea aeiaiai-
?a, a iiaeeeiiua iiaeiene noi?ii iiaeoaa?aeaeatho oaeo iai?aaeaiey aei-
eoiaioa eaaeaeie ec noi?ii. E?iia oiai, oaoie/aneea aiciiaeiinoe
oaeneieeueiie nayce iiiiaatho aeiiieieoaeueii iieo/aoue iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea
i iieo/aiee niiauaiey e naaaeaiey i iiia?a iieo/aoaey. Eiiaaea i?e
caeeth/aiee aeiaiai?a aicieeatho neo/ae, eiaaea iaeia noi?iia iai?aae-
ea aeieoiaio ae?oaie noi?iia, a oa, ia iai?aaeyy ieeaeeo aeieoiai-
oia, i?enooieea e eniieiaieth, o.a. e ioa?ocea oiaa?a, oieaoa aea-
iaa. A aeaiiii neo/aa ienueiaiiay oi?ia aeiaiai?a aoaeao n/eoaoueny
niaethaeaiiie a neeo i?yiiai oeacaiey i.3 no.434 AE.
Caeiiii, eiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie eee niaeaoaieai noi?ii iiaoo
auoue aeiiieieoaeueii aaaaeaiu o?aaiaaiey e i?inoie ienueiaiiie oi?ia.
Iie iiaoo ioiineoueny e aoiaaa, ia eioi?ie aeieaeai ninoaaeyoueny aei-
eoiaio, iai?., aeaiee onoaiiaeaiiie oi?iu. Aeey niaethaeaiey i?inoie
ienueiaiiie oi?iu iaycaoaeueiui oneiaeai yaeyaony iiaeienaiea aeieo-
iaioa oiieiiii/aiiui eeoeii. Anee a?aaeaeaiei aneaaenoaea oece/aneiai
iaaeinoaoea, aieacie ia iiaeao nianoaaiii?o/ii iiaeienaoue aeieoiaio,
oi ii aai i?inueaa aeieoiaio iiaeao iiaeienaoue ae?oaie a?aaeaeaiei.
Iiae-
ienue yoiai a?aaeaeaieia aeieaeia auoue iioa?eaeueii oaeinoiaa?aia n
oea-
caieai i?e/ei, a neeo eioi?uo niaa?oathuee naeaeeo a?aaeaeaiei ia iia
iiaeienaoueny nianoaaiii?o/ii (i.3 no.160 AE). Neaaeoao eiaoue a ae-
aeo, /oi ?oeii?eeeaae/ee – a?aaeaeaiei, iiaeienuaathuee aeieoiaio ii
i?inueaa ae?oaiai eeoea, nai ia yaeyaony o/anoieeii naeaeee. Caeiiii
oi?iuaia i?ioeaaeo?a niaa?oaiey naeaeie e auaea/a aeiaa?aiiinoae ia
iieo/aiea ca?ieaou e eiuo ieaoaaeae, naycaiiuo n o?oaeiauie ioiioa-
– 14 –
ieyie, ia iieo/aiea aiciaa?aaeaeaiey aaoi?ia e ecia?aoaiee, iainee,
iiniaee e noeiaiaeee, aeeaaeia a?aaeaeai a aaieao. Iiaeienue eeoea,
iiae-
ienuaathuaai oaeoth naeaeeo, iiaeao auoue oaeinoiaa?aia ia oieueei ii-
oa?eonii, ii e i?aaiecaoeeae, aaea a?aaeaeaiei ?aaioaao, o/eony, noa-
oeeiia?iiai ea/aaiiai o/?aaeaeaiey, a eioi?ii ii iaoiaeeeny ia ecea-
/aiee (i.3 no.160, i.4 no.185 AE).
Ana naeaeee th?eaee/aneeo eeoe iaaeaeo niaie e n a?aaeaeaiaie aeieaeiu
niaa?oaoueny a ienueiaiiie oi?ia (no.161 AE). Eneeth/aiea ninoaaeytho
naeaeee, o?aaothuea iioa?eaeueiie oi?iu, a oaeaea naeaeee, eioi?ua ii-
aoo niaa?oaoueny onoii. Oae, eoiey-i?iaeaaea oiaa?a a iaaaceia o?a-
aoao ienueiaiiie oi?iu, iineieueeo iaaacei yaeyaony th?eaee/aneei ee-
oeii e aeiaiai? caeeth/aaony n a?aaeaeaieiii eee ae?oaei th?eaee/aneei
eeoeii. Iaeiaei eniieiaiea naeaeee i?e naiii aa niaa?oaiee, o.a. ia-
iai oiaa?a ia aeaiueae, aeiioneaao aiciiaeiinoue niaa?oaiey naeaeee
eoiee-i?iaeaaee a onoiie oi?ia. Ia neaaeoao n/eoaoue, /oi eanniaue
eee oiaa?iue /ae yaeythony ienueiaiiie oi?iie aeiaiai?a eoiee-i?iaea-
aee. *ae niaea?aeeo eioi?iaoeeth ia i anae naeaeea, a eeoue i noiia, oi-
ea/aiiie iieoiaoaeai. E?iia oiai ia /aea iao iiaeiene noi?ii, ni-
aa?oathueo naeaeeo. Eanniaue /ae iiaeao auoue eniieueciaai oieueei a
ea/anoaa iaeiiai ec aeieacaoaeuenoa niaa?oaiey naeaeee.
Naeaeee a?aaeaeai iaaeaeo niaie ia noiio, i?aauoathuoth ia iaiaa
/ai a aeanyoue ?ac onoaiiaeaiiue caeiiii ieieiaeueiue ?acia? iieaou
o?oaea, ninoaaeytho aoi?oth a?oiio naeaeie, o?aaothueo i?inoie ienue-
iaiiie oi?iu (no.161 AE). Caeiiiaeaoaeue ioeacaeny io onoaiiaeaiey
aeanoei oeene?iaaiiie noiiu, nauoa eioi?ie naeaeee aeieaeiu niaa?-
oaoueny a ienueiaiiie oi?ia. A oneiaeyo eioeyoeeiiiie yeiiiieee
aiieia ii?aaaeaii caeiiiaeaoaeueiia ?aoaiea, onoaiaaeeaathuaa caaene-
iinoue oi?iu naeaeee io ieieiaeueiiai ?acia?a iieaou o?oaea. Ieie-
– 15 –
iaeueiue ?acia? onoaiaaeeaaaony Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie e caaeneo io
o?iaiy eioeyoeee, iaiieiaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e ?yaea eiuo
oaeoi?ia. Oeaeue aaaaeaiey i?inoie ienueiaiiie oi?iu aeey naeaeie, i?a-
auoathueo ii?aaeaeaiioth caeiiii noiio, aiieia i/aaeaeia – iaiaoiaeeii
iaania/eoue onoie/eainoue a?aaeaeaineeo ioiioaiee n iaeiie noi?iiu, e
ia oneiaeiyoue a?aaeaeaineee iai?io aaaaeaieai aeiiieieoaeueiuo o?aaiaa-
iee, n ae?oaie. Iineieueeo caeii naycuaaao oi?io naeaeee n ieieiaeue-
iui ?acia?ii iieaou o?oaea, a yoio ?acia? eciaiyaony aeinoaoi/ii
/anoi, oi neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi oi?ia naeaeee ii?aaeaeyaony caeiiii,
aeaenoaothuei ia iiiaio aa niaa?oaiey.
O?aoueth a?oiio ninoaaeytho naeaeee iaaeaeo a?aaeaeaiaie, ienueiaiiay
oi?ia niaa?oaiey eioi?uo i?aaeoniio?aia caeiiii. O?aaiaaiea ienue-
iaiiie oi?iu iaoneiaeaii iniaie cia/eiinoueth yoeo naeaeie ii noiia,
n?ieai naeaeee, eeai aiciiaeiinoueth ceioiio?aaeaiey i?e ionoonoaee
ienueiaiiie oi?iu. Niaeaoaiea i iaonoieea, caeiaa, ii?o/eoaeuenoaa,
ae?. niiniaao iaania/aiey eniieiaiey iaycaoaeuenoa, i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue
aeiaiai? aeieaeiu niaa?oaoueny a ienueiaiiie oi?ia iacaaeneii io noiiu
naeaeee (no.331, 339, 380, 329 AE) i?e oneiaee, /oi eo o/anoieeaie
yaeythony a?aaeaeaia. A ioiioaiee th?eaee/aneeo eeoe aeaenoaoao iauaa
i?aaeei i ienueiaiiie oi?ia naeaeie. Aeaaiui iineaaenoaeai ia?ooaiey
o?aaiaaiey ia iaycaoaeueiie ienueiaiiie oi?ia noaiao oi, /oi i?e
aicieeiiaaiee nii?a i oii, auea ee naeaeea aii?aee o?aaiaaieyi ca-
eiia niaa?oaia onoii, noi?iia, ooaa?aeaeathuay, /oi yoio oaeo eiae
ianoi, a iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea aai eiaao i?aai eniieueciaaoue ia?aie/aiiue
e?oa aeieacaoaeuenoa. Yoi iiaoo auoue ethaua i?aaeoniio?aiiua caeiiii
(AIE) n?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey (iauyniaiey noi?ii, ienueiaiiua e aa-
uanoaaiiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa), e?iia naeaeaoaeueneeo iieacaiee. Iioa-
?eaeueiay oi?ia o?aaoaony aeey niaa?oaiey naeaeie, i?yii i?aaeoniio-
– 16 –
?aiiuo caeiiii, a oaeaea niaeaoaieai noi?ii, oioy au ii caeiio aeey
naeaeie aeaiiiai aeaea yoa oi?ia e ia o?aaiaaeanue (no.163 AE).
Iioa?eaeueiay oi?ia ioee/aaony io i?inoie ienueiaiiie oi?iu
oieueei oai, /oi niaoeeaeueii oiieiiii/aiiia aeieaeiinoiia eeoei – ii-
oa?eon niaa?oaao ia ienueiaiiii aeieoiaioa oaeinoiaa?eoaeueioth iaae-
ienue. A neo/ayo, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie aeoaie ?innee,
oaeinoiaa?eoaeueiua iaaeiene ai?aaa niaa?oaoue e eiua aeieaeiinoiua ee-
oea: eiiaiaee?u aieineeo /anoae, eiinoeu e o.ae.
Iioa?eaeueiay oi?ia iau/ii i?aaeoniao?eaaaony aeey naeaeie, a
eioii?uo aieaecuyaeaiea noi?ii iaiaoiaeeii caoeene?iaaoue aeinoaoi/-
ii ii?aaeaeaiii, oaeeo, iai?eia?, eae caaauaiea, aea?aiea, eoi-
ey-i?iaeaaea a aeeeeuiie noa?a. Iaeioii?ua naeaeee o?aaotho ainoaea?n-
oaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee. Iaycaoaeueiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee
i?aaeoniio?aia aeey naeaeie n caieae e ae?oaei iaaeaeaeeiui eiouanoaii.
ss n/eoath iai?aaeeueiui ?anniao?eaaoue ?aaeno?aoeeth naeaeie eae iaeio
ec oi?i niaa?oaiey naeaeie, eae n/eoatho iaeioi?ua aaoi?uy51y0. AE ?O
no.158 i?yii i?aaeoniao?eaaao, /oi naeaeee niaa?oathony a onoiie eee
ienueiaiiie oi?ia (i?inoie eee iioa?eaeueiie), ia oiiieiay ie/aai i
oaeie oi?ia, eae ?aaeno?aoeey.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii iao iniiaaiee ?anniao?eaaoue ?aaeno?aoeeth naeaeie
eae iaeio ec oi?i.
ss iieaaath, /oi ainoaea?noaaiioth ?aaeno?aoeeth naeaeie neaaeoao
?anniao?eaaoue eae o?aaiaaiea e caeiiiinoe niaa?oaaiie naeaeee.
Ii?yaeie ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee i?aaeoniio?ai caeiiii ” I
_____________________________
1. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai iiae ?aae. A.I.Na?aaaaa, TH.E.Oienoiai.
– 17 –
?aaeno?aoeee i?aa ia iaaeaeaeeiia eiouanoai e naeaeie n iei.”y51
Oaaea?aeueiue Caeii “I ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee i?aa ia
iaaeaeaeeiia eiouanoai e naeaeie n iei” io 21 ethey 1997 aiaea cao?i-
ioe eioa?anu ?yaea aeeyoaeueiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo no?oeoo? e i?aeoe-
/anee anao noauaeoia a?aaeaeaineiai iai?ioa. A /ai aea nooue i?iaea-
iu? Aei iineaaeiaai a?aiaie ainoaea?noai yaeyeinue eneeth/eoaeueiui
nianoaaiieeii iiaeaaeythuaai aieueoeinoaa iiauaeoia iaaeaeaeeiinoe –
caiee, aa iaae?, aeeeuo e iaaeeeuo no?iaiee. Naeaeee n iaaeaeaeeiinoueth
i?aaenoaaeyee ii nouanoao ia?aeeaaeuaaiea yoeo iauaeoia ec ea?iaia
a ea?iai oiai aea nianoaaiieea.
I?e/ai niaa?oaeenue iie n oaeeaeoaeueiie eaaeinoueth iooai ?anii-
?yaeaiey i?aaeoaeuenoaa, ieieno?a, ia/aeueieea oi?aaeaiey. A nayce n
yoei aeaaiui auei ia o/ao i?aa ia yoe iauaeou, a o/ao iauaeoia a
oece/aneii niunea, iienaiea eo ia?aiao?ia. Neiaeeeanue aeinoaoi/ii
yooaeoeaii ?aaioathuay nenoaia o/aoa iaaeaeaeeiinoe a oece/aneii an-
iaeoa – yoi i?aaiu AOE, Aineiicaia, Ainno?iy. Aic?iaeaeaiea ?uii/-
iie yeiiiieee iinoaaeei iiaoth caaea/o – o/eouaaoue iaaeaeaeeiinoue ia
oieueei eae oece/aneee iauaeo, ii e i?aaa ia iaa.
Eae ioiaoeee ecaanoiua i?aaiaaaeu A.Aeo?yineee, A.Nooaiia,
iaaeaeaeeiinoue iaeiiaoe i?aa?aoeeanue ec oece/aneiai iiiyoey a th?eaee-
/aneia. Iao ioaeaeu aiai?eoue i aeaaii iac?aaoae i?iaeaia noaiaea?oa
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey i?aa ia iaaeaeaeeiinoue.
Caeii /aoei ii?aaeaeyao, /oi ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaeno?aoeey ya-
eyaony aaeeinoaaiiui aeieacaoaeuenoaii nouanoaiaaiee ca?aaeno?e?i-
aaiiiai i?aaa. Caeii anooiee a neeo, e aai iaaei auiieiyoue. Ii
_____________________________
1. Nia?aiea Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ?O N 30 io 28 ethey 1997 a. I?eiyo
Ain. Aeoiie 17 ethiy 1997 aiaea.
– 18 –
eae?
Iioa?eaeueiia oaeinoiaa?aiea naeaeee n iaaeaeaeeiinoueth noaei io-
iuia iaiaycaoaeueiui, a cia/eo, ia nouanoaoao aieaa “ia?ae/iiai
oeeueo?a”, /a?ac eioi?ue ?aiaa i?ioiaeeee ana i?aaionoaiaaeeaathuea
aeieoiaiou. Oaoie/aneee o/ao iauaeoia aaaeaony n?aco ianeieueeeie
aaaeiinoaaie, a aai i?aaeea ia?aaeei ?aciyony aeaaea a i?aaeaeao iaeii-
ai noauaeoa Oaaea?aoeee. Ia ii?aaeaeaia oi?ia naeaeaoaeuenoaa i aino-
aea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee e iaeneiaeueiue ?acia? ieaou, aceiaaiue ca
aai auaea/o. Aio aeaeaei ia iieiue ia?a/aiue i?iaeai, n eioi?uie
noieeioeenue ia ianoao.
I/aaeaeii, /oi /enei aii?inia, aicieeathueo a oiaea ?aaeno?a-
oeee, iani?acia?ii ieca?iiio n?ieo aeaenoaey caeiia. Inoaaony eeoue
iaaeayoueny ia oi, /oi neooaoeey eciaieony.
Iineaaenoaey ianiaethaeaiey iioa?eaeueiie oi?iu, a oaeaea o?aai-
aaiey i ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee ioee/athony aieaa aeanoeeie ia-
?aie, /ai i?e ianiaethaeaiee i?inoie ienueiaiiie oi?iu. Ianiaethaeaiea
iioa?eaeueiie oi?iu naeaeee, eeai o?aaiaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie ?a-
aeno?aoeee aea/ao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeee. Ia i?aeoeea ia?aaeei
aicieeatho neo/ae, eiaaea noi?iiu eniieieee naeaeeo, ii ia ioi?ieee
aa iioa?eaeueii. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a i?eaaaeo aeaei, eioi?ia ?anniao-
?eaaeinue a Aeaoeeii ai?iaeneii noaea:
A?aaeaeaiei I. iiaea?ee naiaio ciaeiiiio aea/o e ia?aaeae aa ai
aeaaeaiea iaea?yaiiio. Iaea?yaiue ia?aoeeny e iioa?eono, oae eae
aeaiiay naeaeea o?aaoao iioa?eaeueiiai ioi?ieaiey e ?aaeno?aoeee. Aea-
?eoaeue, o.a. a?aaeaeaiei I. ioeacuaaaony io ioi?ieaiey naeaeee, n/e-
oay, /oi ii oaea ia?aaeae ana i?aaa e oaia?ue ioi?ieaieai ionoue ca-
ieiaaony iaea?yaiue. noae i?eciae aiieia iainiiaaiii niaa?oaiioth
naeaeeo aeaenoaeoaeueiie ii o?aaiaaieth iaea?yaiiai (o.e. aiey aea?eoa-
– 19 –
ey auea au?aaeaia, ii ia iaea/aia a o?aaoaioth caeiiii oi?io, oi
?aoaiea noaea a aeaiiii neo/aa, eae au iiaeiaiyao niaie iioa?eaeueioth
oi?io, eai iinea auianaiey ?aoaiey noaeii iineaaeothuaa iioa?eaeueiia
oaeinoiaa?aiea naeaeee ia o?aaoaony (i.3 no.165 AE). Aiaeiae/iia
i?aaeei onoaiiaeaii e aeey oeeiiaiey io ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?a-
oeee. A yoii neo/aa noae auiineo ?aoaiea i ?aaeno?aoeee naeaeee.
Aeaieiay naiaoeey oaeie naeaeee ia i?aaeoniao?eaaaony. A neo/aa onoa-
iiaeaiey noaeii iaaeia?iniaanoiiai oeeiiaiey iaeiie eo noi?ii a
naeaeea io aa iaaeeaaeauaai ioi?ieaiey eee ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?a-
oeee, ia iaa aiceaaaaony iaycaiiinoue aicianoeoue ae?oaie noi?iia
oauoee, aucaaiiua caaea?aeeie (i.4 no.165). Neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo,
/oi nai oaeo auianaiey ?aoaiey noaeii i i?eciaiee naeaeee niaa?oai-
iie eeai i aa ?aaeno?aoeee aua ia aeieacuaaao iaiainiiaaiiinoue oe-
eiiaiey ae?oaie noi?iiu. Oeeiiaiea iiaeao auoue aucaaii e iauaeoea-
iuie i?e/eiaie, i?aiyonoaothueie iaeiie ec noi?ii ioi?ieyoue naeaeeo
iaaeeaaeauei ia?acii, iai?eia?, aieaciueth, ionoonoaeai ii neoaeaaiui
aeaeai.
Caeiiiinoue niaea?aeaiey naeaeee icia/aao niioaaonoaea aa o?aai-
aaieyi caeiia. A ioa/anoaaiiie oeeaeeenoeea o?aaiaaiey caeiia ii-
ieiatho aanueia oe?iei. Oaeeie o?aaiaaieyie yaeythony ia oieueei
i?aaeienaiey caeiia a oceii niunea neiaa, ii e i?aaeea iiaecaeiiiuo
ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia. A a neo/aa eieeecee iaaeaeo caeiiii e iiaecaeii-
iui aeoii niaea?aeaiea naeaeee aeieaeii ii?aaeaeyoueny o?aaiaaieyie ca-
eiia.
.
– 20 –
3 Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiua naeaeee: iiiyoea e aeaeu.
Caeii ia aeaao iiiyoey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee. Oaeia iiiyoea
au?aaioaii a oai?ee i?aaa e cao/eo neaaeothuei ia?acii. Iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiuie naeaeeaie yaeythony aeaenoaey oece/aneeo e th?eaee/aneeo eeoe,
oioy e iai?aaeaiiua ia onoaiiaeaiea, eciaiaiea eee i?ae?auaiea
a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaiioiioaiey, ii ia nicaeathuea yoeo iineaaenoaee
aneaaenoaea ianiioaaonoaey niaa?oaiiuo aeaenoaee o?aaiaaieyi caei-
ia.
Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiay naeaeea ia niiniaia ii?iaeeoue aeaeaaiua noi?i-
iaie iineaaenoaey, ii i?e niioaaonoaothueo oneiaeyo ii?iaeaeaao iaaea-
eaaiua iineaaenoaey. Iineaaeiea i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ii?aaeaeaiiua
naieoeee, aucaaiiua i?ioeaii?aaiui oa?aeoa?ii niaa?oaaiie naeaeee.
Naii iiiyoea “iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee” ia yaeyaony iauai?ec-
iaiiui. Iaeioi?ua aaoi?u auneacuaathony, ioiineoaeueii oiai, iiaeii
ee aiiaua aiai?eoue i iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeea: “anee naeaeea ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueia, cia/eo naeaeee iao, anee aea naeaeea nouanoaoao, iia
ia iiaeao auoue iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie.” A inoi?iaeiie oi?ia yoa iuneue au-
ea au?aaeaia aua a 1929 aiaeo a ?aaioa i?ioanni?a E.N.Ia?aoa?neiai
“Naeaeee, aeiaiai?u”: “Ia anyeia aeaenoaea, iai?aaeaiiia ia onoaiia-
eaiea, eciaiaiea e i?ae?auaiea a?aaeaeaineeo i?aaiioiioaiee ii?iae-
aeaao oa th?eaee/aneea iineaaenoaey, aeey aeinoeaeaiey eioi?uo i?iecaa-
aeaii yoi aeaenoaea. A yoii neo/aa e neaaeoao aiai?eoue i iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiie naeaeea.” ?ac/a au?acee iuneue i i?ioeai?a/eainoe au?aaeaiey
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee i?io. I.I.Aaa?eia a noaouea “Iiiyoea naeae-
ee ii niaaoneiio a?aaeaeaineiio i?aao.”
I?ioanni? Aaa?eia aunoaaee oaeie oacen: naeaeea ia iiaeao auoue
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie, iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui iiaeao auoue eeoue aieaecuyaea-
– 21 –
iea, iin?aaenoaii eioi?iai oioaee niaa?oeoue naeaeeo. I?io. Aaa?eia
n/eoaao, /oi iaaeinoaoeii iiiyoey naeaeee yaeyaony oi, /oi iiiyoea
“naeaeea” oiio?aaeyaony ia oieueei aeey iaicia/aiey oaeeo th?eaee/an-
eeo aeaenoaee, eioi?ua iai?aaeaiu ia onoaiiaeaiea, eciaiaiea,
i?ae?auaiea a?aaeaeaineeo i?aaiioiioaiee e aeaenoaeoaeueii i?eaiaeyo e
yoei iineaaenoaeyi, ii e aeey iaicia/aiey aeaenoaee, eioi?ua iai?aa-
eaiu ia aeinoeaeaiea oeacaiiuo th?eaee/aneeo iineaaenoaee, ii ia naiii
aeaea eo ia ii?iaeaeathoy51y0.
N oi/ee c?aiey i?io. Aaa?eiaa naeaeea ia iiaeao auoue iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueiie. Anee aeaenoaea iai?aaeaii ia onoaiiaeaiea, eciaiaiea
eee i?ae?auaiea a?aaeaeaineeo i?aaiioiioaiee, ii yoio ?acoeueoao ia
aeinoeaaaony, oi ii aai iiaieth, i?aaeeueiaa aiai?eoue i iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiinoe aieaecuyaeaiey. Naeaeea anaaaea aeaenoaeoaeueia, ii iia ii-
aeao auoue aeaenoaeoaeueiie oneiaii. Oae, anee iia niaa?oaia iiae aee-
yieai caaeoaeaeaiey, iaiaia, oi iioa?iaaoee iiaeao aa inii?eoue, e
oiaaea iia oo?aoeo neeo. ss n/eoath, /oi aeaiiay oi/ea c?aiey yaeyao-
ny ia nianai ii?aaaeaiiie iioiio, /oi i?e yoie oi/ea th?eaee/aneea
iineaaenoaey naeaeee ii nooe aeaea aeeth/athony a oaeoe/aneee ninoaa
naeaeee.
Naeaeea, aoaeo/e th?eaee/aneei oaeoii aeeth/aao a naay iiieii
oaeoia aua e oaeoe/aneee ninoaa e th?eaee/aneea iineaaenoaey, auoa-
eathuea ec naieo naeaeie (oaeoia).
Caiaia iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee iiiyoeai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ai-
ee e aieaecuyaeaieai iaiainiiaaiiui yaeyaony e iioiio, /oi oaeoe-
/aneee ninoaa naeaeee ia ia?aie/eaaaony eeoue aieae e aieaecuyaea-
ieai ii?aaeaeaiiiai niaea?aeaiey. Oae, naeaeea caeia iiieii aiee e
_____________________________
1. Iiaeoeeee E.A. Eneiaay aeaaiinoue. – I., 1954. – 67 n.
– 22 –
aieaecuyaeaiey (aeaoue e acyoue acaeiu), i?aaeiieaaaao aua e ia?aaea/o
aeaiaa. Yoi oiaea aieaecuyaeaiea, ii aieaecuyaeaiea ae?oaiai niaea?-
aeaiey. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?aca?aie/aiey oaeoe/aneiai ninoaaa e th?eaee-
/aneeo iineaaenoaee iaiaoiaeeii e iioiio, /oi iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiay naeaeea ia aea/ao ieeaeeo th?eaee/aneeo iineaaen-
oaee, eai iia aea/ao iineaaenoaey: aeaonoi?iiiyy ?aaeno?aoeey, iae-
iinoi?iiiyy ?aaeno?aoeey e o.ae.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaaeaenoaeoaeueiay naeaeea eae th?eaee/aneee oaeo
nouanoaoao. E ia ioaeii iauyniyoue ana yoi ioiioaiea oaeei ia?acii,
/oi iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee ia nouanoaoao, a io?eoeaoaeueiua iin-
eaaenoaey i?ienoaeatho ec ae?oaeo th?eaee/aneeo oaeoia, eae oi ec iai-
?aaiia?iuo aeaenoaee noi?iiu ec iainiiaaoaeueiiai iaiaauaiey. Aieaa
oiai, caiaia iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee iiiyoeai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie
aiee yaeyaony iaii?aaaeaiiui e iioiio, /oi a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiay naeaeea ii?iaeaeaao aeaaea iieiaeeoaeueiua
th?eaee/aneea
iineaaenoaey, o.a. oa naiua, ia eioi?ua iai?aaeaia aiey noi?ii, ii
yoe iineaaenoaey iiaoo auoue oie/oiaeaiu ii i?inueaa caeioa?aniaaiii-
ai eeoea (iai?., naeaeea, niaa?oaiiay iiae aeeyieai nouanoaaiiiai
caaeoaeaeaiey).
A yoeo neo/ayo oaea ieeaeiai niiiaiey a nouanoaiaaiee iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueiie naeaeee eae th?eaee/aneiai oaeoa auoue ia iiaeao. Oaeo ie-
eae ia iiaeao i?aa?aoeoueny a “ia oaeo”. ?ac aiey au?aaeaia e iai-
?aaeaia ia ii?aaeaeaiiue ?acoeueoao, yoio oaeo ianooiee e ia ianoo-
ieaoei auoue ia iiaeao. Oaeo iiaeao auoue aac?acee/iui n oi/ee c?aiey
i?aaa, ii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui auoue ia iiaeao. Ae?oaia aeaei – yoi iin-
eaaenoaey, eioi?ua naycaiu n oaeoii. Iie iiaoo ianooieoue, a iiaoo
e ia ianooieoue, a yoii iineaaeiai neo/aa e aoaeao eiaoue ianoi ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiay naeaeea. Oaeei ia?acii, oaeo nouanoaiaaiey iaaeaen-
– 23 –
oaeoaeueiuo naeaeie ia i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eiae/aneie aanniuneeoeu.
Caiaia iiiyoey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie aieae ya-
eyaony ia oieueei iai?aaeeueiui ii auoaoeacaiiui niia?aaeaieyi, ii
iii e aanoeaeueii, iioiio /oi ia eiaao ieeaeiai i?aeoe/aneiai cia-
/aiey. Oae eae AE ?O i?aaeoniao?eaaao iiiyoea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie
naeaeee, oi iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe eciaiyoue yoi iiiyoea ia eaeia eeai
ae?oaia.
Noaouey 166 AE aini?iecaiaeeo o?aaeeoeeiiiia aeaeaiea iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiuo naeaeie ia inii?eiua e ie/oiaeiua. Oa?ieiieiaeth – ie/oiae-
iinoue e inii?eiinoue naeaeee – aiiaua iaeuecy i?eciaoue oaea/iie. A
th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a auei ia?auaii aieiaiea ia ianiecia?eiinoue
eaoaai?ee ie/oiaeiinoe e inii?eiinoe. Inii?eiinoue oeacuaaao ia ia-
iaoiaeeiinoue niaa?oaiey aeaenoaey aeey oiai, /oiau ono?aieoue th?eaee-
/aneea iineaaenoaey naeaeee, a ie/oiaeiinoue oeacuaaao ia ?acoeueoao,
iieo/athueeny io naeaeee (aa?iaa – ia ionoonoaea ?acoeueoaoa). E?iia
oiai, i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea inii?eiuo e ie/oiaeiuo naeaeie ia ayaeaony
n oai, /oi inii?eiay naeaeea a ?acoeueoaoa inia?eaaiey noaiiaeony
ie/oiaeiie. Inii?eiinoue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eae au iineaaeothuoth ie/-
oiaeiinoue n ia?aoiie neeie.
Oa?iei “ie/oiaeiinoue” yaeyaony ia iiaeoiaeyuei, ia iie acaeyae e
iioiio, /oi ii iaaiaeeo ia iuneue, /oi a aeaiiii neo/aa ia iieo/aao-
ny ie/aai, /oi ec ie/oiaeiie naeaeee ia aicieeaao ieeaeeo th?eaee/an-
eeo iineaaenoaee. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe aea ie/oiaeiinoue naeaeee icia/a-
ao, /oi naeaeea ia onoaiiaeea, ia eciaieea, ia i?ae?aoeea oiai
i?aaiioiioaiey, eioi?ua eiaee a aeaeo eeoea, caeeth/aaoea naeaeeo.
Ie/oiaeiay naeaeea ia ii?iaeaeaao oao th?eaee/aneeo iineaaenoaee, eioi-
?ua naienoaaiiu naeaeeai aeaiiiai ?iaea. Ii iaeioi?ua ae?oaea th?eaee-
/aneea iineaaenoaey ec ie/oiaeiie naeaeee iiaoo aicieeiooue (iai?.,
– 24 –
iaycaiiinoue noi?iiu, iieo/eaoae /oi-eeai io ae?oaie noi?iiu ia in-
iiaaiee ie/oiaeiie naeaeee, ia?aaeaoue iieo/aiiia a aeioiae ainoaea?n-
oaa). Iao eeoue oao iineaaenoaee, eaeea aeaeatho noi?iiu; naeaeea ia
aicuiaea oiai aeaenoaey, eaeia naienoaaiii naeaeea aeaiiiai oeia.
Oaeei ia?acii, n yoie noi?iiu oa?iei “ie/oiaeiay naeaeea” iea-
cuaaaony a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a oneiaiui.
I?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea ie/oiaeiui naeaeeai inii?eiuo naeaeie ia ii-
eieony ia i?eioeeieaeueiie iniiaa: anee inia?eaaiea inouanoaeyaony,
iii i?eaiaeeo e “ie/oiaeiinoe” naeaeee, i?e yoii ia n iiiaioa inia-
?eaaiey, a ii iauaio i?aaeeo, n iiiaioa niaa?oaiey naeaeee, o.a. n
ia?aoiie neeie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ii eiia/iiio ?acoeueoaoo iaaeaeo ie/-
oiaeiie e inii?eiie naeaeeie ?acieoeu iao; ?acee/ea naiaeeony e oiio,
/oi a iaeiii neo/aa noae aeaenoaoao iacaaeneii io /ueae-eeai i?inueau,
ii naiae eieoeeaoeaa, eeoue au aei aai naaaeaiey aeioei ianoiyoaeueno-
ai, neoaeauaa i?e/eiie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeee, a a ae?oaii – ia-
iaoiaeeii cayaeaiea caeioa?aniaaiiie noi?iiu.
A niioaaonoaee n oa?ieiieiaeae A?aaeaeaineiai Eiaeaena iiaeii
n?aaee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie i?iaanoe ?aca?aie/aiea naeaeie ia
aaniethoii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo, o.a. iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo a neeo caeiia,
e ioiineoaeueii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo, eioi?ua noaiiayony iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiuie a neeo i?eciaiey noaea ii niaoeeaeueiiio cayaeaieth caeioa-
?aniaaiiiai eeoeay51y0.
ss n/eoath, /oi aeaeaiea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie ia inii?eiua e
ie/oiaeiua aiieia ii?aaaeaii, o.e. ia?aaeaao nouiinoue ?acee/iuo ea-
oaai?ee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie. A iaeieo neo/ayo naeaeea iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueia naia ii naaa n naiiai ia/aea aa niaa?oaiey, e noae iay-
_____________________________
1. Iiaeoeeee E.A. Naeaeee. Eneiaay aeaaiinoue. – I., 1954. – 88 n.
– 25 –
cai iauyaeoue aa oaeiaie, onoaiiaea oa ianoiyoaeuenoaa, a neeo ei-
oi?uo aeieaeia auoue aiioee?iaaia. A ae?oaeo neo/ayo naeaeea iiaeao
auoue i?eciaia iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie, ii oieueei i?e oneiaee aicaoaeaeaiey
i?ioea iaa nii?a. Inii?eiie yaeyaony naeaeea, iaaeaenoaeoaeueiay a
neeo ?aoaiey noaea ia iniiaaiee enea, cayaeaiiiai noi?iiie e eiuie
eeoeaie, oeacaiiuie a AE. Oae, a neo/aa nii?a i oii, /oi naeaeea
niaa?oaia iiae aeeyieai caaeoaeaeaiey iaeiie ec noi?ii, iia iiaeao
auoue i?eciaia iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie i?e aeieacaiiinoe aeaoaeoia aiee ni
noi?iiu, n/eoathuae naay aaaaeaiiie a caaeoaeaeaiea. Aac cayaeaiey
iioa?iaaoaai yoi onoaiiaeaii auoue ia iiaeao.
Ie/oiaeiie i?eciaaony naeaeea, iaaeaenoaeoaeueiay n naiiai ia/a-
ea aa niaa?oaiey iacaaeneii io ?aoaiey noaea. Oae, anee noae iaia-
?oaeeo, /oi naeaeea niaa?oaia aac niaethaeaiey iioa?eaeueiie oi?iu,
i?aaeoniio?aiiie aeey aeaiiiai aeaea naeaeie (iai?., aea?aiea), oi ii
i?eciaao aa iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie enoiaey ec naiiai oaeoa eae oaeiaiai.
E caeanue ooieoeee noaea ninoiyo oieueei a i?eciaiee oaeoa caeeth/aiey
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee e i?eiaiaiey a iaiaoiaeeiuo neo/ayo e noi-
?iiai, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a caeiia iineaaenoaee. I?e yoii niioaaon-
oaothuea o?aaiaaiey a ioiioaiee ie/oiaeiie naeaeee iiaeao cayaeoue eth-
aia caeioa?aniaaiiia eeoei e aeaaea noae ii nianoaaiiie eieoeeaoeaa.
Oae, iai?eia?, a ?aeiiiii noaea a.Aeueoea aue ?anniio?ai ene a?aaeaea-
ieia I. i i?eciaiee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie iieiie naeaeee.
Oaaoea aeaea oaeiaa:
Iuoaynue ecaaaeaoue eiioeneaoeee eiouanoaa, a?aaeaeaiei O. ioi?i-
eyao aeiaiai? aea?aiey ia eiy naiaai ?iaenoaaiieea. Aeaenoaeoaeueiiai
aeaeaiey ia?aaeaoue i?aai nianoaaiiinoe ii ia eiaao, eai caeioa?ani-
aai a nicaeaiee aeaeeiinoe ia?aoiaea i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe aeey noaeaa-
iuo i?aaiia. Enoiaey ec yoiai noae i?eciae aeaiioth naeaeeo iaaeaenoae-
– 26 –
oaeueiie ii no.170 AEy51y0.
A nayce n eceiaeaiiui aeaeii iaaei iiae/a?eiooue, /oi niaeanii
Iinoaiiaeaieth 6/8 Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O e Ieaioia Aunoaai
A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O io 1 ethey 1996 aiaea “I iaeioi?uo aii?inao,
naycaiiuo n i?eiaiaieai /anoe ia?aie A?aaeaeaineiai Eiaeaena ?in-
neeneie Oaaea?aoeee: …I?e oaeiaeaoai?aiee enea a iioeae?iai/iie
/anoe ?aoaiey noaea i i?eciaiee naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie aeieaeii
auoue oeacaii, /oi naeaeea yaeyaony ie/oiaeiie”y52y0.
A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a nouanoaoao oi/ea c?aiey, /oi aeey
i?eciaiey ie/oiaeiuo naeaeie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe
aeaaea ia?auaoueny a noae. Aieaa oiai, e noae, e ana ae?oaea i?aaiu e
eeoea, nii?eeanaynue n yoeie naeaeeaie, aeieaeiu enoiaeeoue ec oiai, /oi
iie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuy53y0.
Ii aianoa n oai nouanoaoao oi/ea c?aiey, /oi iieiaeaiea i.1
no.166 AE i oii, /oi ie/oiaeiay naeaeea yaeyaony iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie
iacaaeneii io i?eciaiey aa oaeiaie noaeii, aiana ia icia/aao, /oi
onoaiiaeoue oaeo ie/oiaeiinoe iiaeao ethaia eeoei aac ia?auaiey a no-
aeaaiua i?aaiuy54y0. Aeaiiay oi/ea c?aiey iioeae?oaony oai, /oi aeey on-
oaiiaeaiey oaeoa ie/oiaeiinoe naeaeee iaiaoiaeeii oeacaoue iaee/ea
ianoiyoaeuenoa, aeaeoueo ca niaie ie/oiaeiinoue naeaeee.
_____________________________
1. A?oea ?aeiiiiai noaea a.Aeueoea 1996. Aeaei N1-1639.
2. Atheeaoaiue Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O. 1996. N9 – N.6.
3. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai: Neiaa?ue ni?aai/iee /Iiae ?aae. I.Oeoiie?iaa.
O., 1996. – N.175; A?aaeaeaineia i?aai /Iiae ?aae. TH.E.Oienoiai,
A.I.Na?aaaaa. I., 1996. – N.217.
4. Oeuaaiia Y. Noae iicaaee, ii i?iaeaiu inoaeenue //Yeiiiieea e
aeeciue 1996. N18. – N.22.
– 27 –
Iai?eia?, aeey onoaiiaeaiey oaeoa ie/oiaeiinoe i?eoai?iie
naeaeee iaiaoiaeeii aeieacaoue oiunae noi?iiu ia niaa?oaiea naeaeee n
oeaeueth i?ee?uoue ae?oaoth naeaeeo. Eeoei, onoaiaaeeaathuaa oaeo
ie/oiae-
iinoe naeaeee ioeaieaaao aeieacaoaeuenoaa e a eiia/iii eoiaa i?eiaiy-
ao ii?io i?aaa, o.a. oaeoe/anee inouanoaeyao i?aainoaeea.
A niaeanii no.118 Eiinoeoooeee ?O i?aainoaeea a ?O inouanoaey-
aony oieueei noaeii.y51
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi e oa e ae?oaay oi/ea c?aiey eiaao i?aai
ia nouanoaiaaiea. Oieueei a iaeiii neo/aa noae eiinoaoe?oao ie/oiae-
iinoue naeaeee, a a ae?oaeo neo/ayo ethaie eiie i?aaiio?aieoaeueiue
i?aai, nii?eeanaynue n ie/oiaeiie naeaeeie, aeieaeai enoiaeeoue ec oiai,
/oi iia iaaeaenoaeoaeueia, i?eiaiyy niioaaonoaothuea iineaaenoaey.
_____________________________
1. N 1 yiaa?y 1997 a. a ?O aaaaeaia iiaay noaeaaiay nenoaia. Ni. OC
“I noaeaaiie nenoaia a ?O”. I?eiyo Ain. Aeoiie ?O 23 ieoya?y
1996 a. //?in. aac. 1997. 6 yiaa?y.
.
– 28 –
y2AEAAA II. IOAeAEUeIUA AEAeU IAAeAENOAEOAEUeIUO NAeAEIE
1. Naeaeee n ii?ieaie a noauaeoa
Aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeee caaeneo io aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ia?acoth-
ueo aa yeaiaioia. Iiyoiio iaaeaenoaeoaeueiua naeaeee iiaoo auoue
na?oiie?iaaiu a caaeneiinoe io oiai eaeie ec yeaiaioia ieacaeny
aeaoaeoiui.
Ia iie acaeyae oeaeaniia?acii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue ia oneiaey ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeee, a auaeaeyoue ioaeaeueiua aeaeu
iaaeaenoaeoaeue-
iua naeaeie, aa?y ca e?eoa?ee ia?ooaiey oneiaee aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
A nayce n yoei neaaeoao auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea ninoaau iaaeaenoaeoaeue-
iuo naeaeie:
1) naeaeeaie n ii?ieaie a noauaeoa;
2) naeaeee n ii?ieaie oi?iu;
3) naeaeee n ii?ieaie niaea?aeaiey;
4) naeaeee n ii?ieaie aiee.
Ia?yaeo n ioaeaeueiuie ninoaaaie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie caeii
oi?ioee?oao iauoth ii?io, niaeanii eioi?ie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie yaey-
aony ethaay naeaeea, ia niioaaonoaothuay o?aaiaaieyi caeiia eee eiui
i?aaiaui aeoai. Ianiioaaonoaea caeiio eee ae?oaiio i?aaiaiio aeoo
au?aaeaaony a ia?ooaiee o?aaiaaiee, onoaiiaeaiiuo eie.
I?eaaaeo i?eia?.
A?aaeaeaiei i?eia?ae no?ieoaeueiue iaoa?eae o iaecaanoiiai aio
aiaeeoaey aaoiiiaeey, iaeiaei aiineaaenoaee auynieeinue, /oi aiaee-
oaeue, ia yaeyeny nianoaaiieeii yoeo iaoa?eaeia e ?anii?yaeeeny ia
i?eiaaeeaaeauei aio eiouanoaii. N oi/ee c?aiey ia?acothueo yeaiaioia
naeaeee ia?ooaiey iao, iineieueeo aiaeeoaeue aeaaniiniaai, naeaeea auea
– 29 –
eniieiaia a iiiaio niaa?oaiey, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ii?iea oi?iu iao,
aiey auea au?aaeaia /aoei e ynii, ii n oi/ee c?aiey i?aaeienaiey
caeiia oaeay naeaeea iaaeaenoaeoaeueia, eai aiaeeoaeue ia yaeyeny nian-
oaaiieeii iaoa?eaeia e ia aue oiieiiii/ai ia eo io/oaeaeaiea. Oaeay
naeaeea i?eciaaony iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ii no 168 AE.
I?aaeei ianoiyuae noaouee i?eiaiythony ei anai naeaeeai, iani-
ioaaonoaothuei o?aaiaaieyi caeiia eee eiuo i?aaiauo aeoia, ca ene-
eth/aieai oao neo/aaa, aeey eioi?uo AE onoaiaaeeaaao niaoeeaeueiua
i?aaeea. Naeaeea, eioi?ay ia niioaaonoaoao caeiio eee eiiio i?aai-
aiio aeoo, ie/oiaeia. Ec yoiai i?aaeea caeiiii iiaoo i?aaeoniao?e-
aaoueny eneeth/aiey. Oae noaouey 162 AE i?aaeoniao?eaaao, /oi naeaeea,
i?inoay ienueiaiiay oi?ia eioi?ie ianiaethaeaia, ii iauaio i?aaeeo,
aeaenoaeoaeueia e caeanue caeii i?aaeoniao?eaaao eiua iineaaenoaey ia-
?ooaiey, a eiaiii: iaaiciiaeiinoue a neo/aa nii?a nnueaoueny a iiaeo-
aa?aeaeaiea naeaeee e aa oneiaee ia naeaeaoaeueneea iieacaiey.
Naeaeee n ii?ieaie a noauaeoa neaaeoao iiae?acaeaeyoue ia aeaa
a?oiiu. Ia?aay naycaia n iaaeaaniiniaiinoueth a?aaeaeai, a aoi?ay – ni
niaoeeaeueiie i?aainiiniaiinoueth th?eaee/aneeo eeoe eeai noaoonii eo
i?aaiia. ?acaeaeueiue aiaeec naeaeie, niaa?oaaiuo a?aaeaeaiaie e th?e-
aee/aneeie eeoeaie, iaoneiaeai oa?aeoa?ii niaa?oaaiuo aeaenoaee.
Naeaeea eae aieaaie aeo o?aaoao iaee/ey aeaaniiniaiinoe o eeoea, aa
niaa?oathuaai. Iineieueeo aeaaniiniaiinoue th?eaee/aneiai eeoea ia?ac-
?uaii naycaia n aai i?aainiiniaiinoueth, oi ninoaau iaaeaenoaeoaeue-
iuo naeaeie,iniiaaiiuo ia iieiii eee /anoe/iii ionoonoaee aeaanii-
niaiinoe, ia iiaoo auoue i?eiaiaiu e th?eaee/aneei eeoeai. N ae?oaie
noi?iiu, i?e ii?aaeaeaiee e?oaa iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie n ii?ieaie
a noauaeoa iaaeeaaeeo o/eouaaoue, /oi i?aainiiniaiinoue th?eaee/aneeo
eeoe, a ioee/ea io i?aainiiniaiinoe a?aaeaeai, iiaeao auoue ia iauae,
– 30 –
a niaoeeaeueiie. Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie, o/anoieeaie eioi?uo ya-
eythony a?aaeaeaia, iniiauaaaony ia oao aea e?eoa?eyo, /oi e iauea
i?aaeea i aicieeiiaaiee aeaaniiniaiinoe, a eiaiii ia oaeeo e?eoa-
?eyo, eae aic?ano e ineoe/aneia ioiioaiea e niaa?oaaiui aeaenoae-
yi. Ii yoei e?eoa?eyi caeiiii noi?ioee?iaaiu neaaeothuea ninoaau
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie:
a) naeaeee, niaa?oaaiua a?aaeaeaieiii, i?eciaiiui iaaeaaniinia-
iui (no.171 AE).
Ii oaeei naeaeeai aeaaniiniaiay noi?iia iaycaia, iiieii eniie-
iaiey iauaai o?aaiaaiey ii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui naeaeeai, aicianoeoue
ae?oaie noi?iia ?aaeueiue oua?a, iiianaiiue a ?acoeueoaoa caeeth/aiey
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee.
Oaeay iaycaiiinoue aiceaaaaony ia aeaaniiniaioth noi?iio a neo-
/aa, anee iia ciaea eee aeieaeia auea ciaoue i iaaeaaniiniaiinoe ae?o-
aie noi?iiu.
E?eoa?ee, iieiaeaiiua a iniiao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe iacaaiiuo
naeaeie, eiatho iauaeoeaiue, iacaaeneiue io o/anoieeia naeaeee oa-
?aeoa?: aic?ano eeai ninoiyaoaany ?aoaiea noaea i i?eciaiee a?aae-
aeaieia iaaeaaniiniaiui eee ia?aie/aiii aeaaniiniaiui. A nayce n
yoei aaaeii aeieacaoue, /oi aeaaniiniaiay noi?iia ciaea eee aeieaeia
auea ciaoue i oaeoa iaaeaaniiniaiinoe.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeaonoi?iiiyy ?anoeoooeey i?eiaiyaony e naeaeea,
niaa?oaiiue iaaeaaniiniaiui eeoeii, iacaaeneii io aeiu aeaaniiniaiie
noi?iiu, a eiouanoaaiiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue a oi?ia aiciauaiey ?a-
aeueiiai oua?aa – i?e iaee/ee aa aeiu.
A niioaaonoaee ni no. 29 AE i?eciaiea a?aaeaeaieia iaaeaanii-
niaiui inouanoaeyaony noaeii, anee ii aneaaenoaea ineoe/aneiai
?anno?ienoaa ia iiaeao iiieiaoue cia/aiey naieo aeaenoaee eee ?oei-
– 31 –
aiaeeoue eie. Ie/oiaeiuie yaeythony ana naeaeee, niaa?oaiiua a?aaeaeaie-
iii, i?eciaiiui iaaeaaniiniaiui.
I?eaaaeo i?eia?.
A?aaeaeaiei N. i?iaeae naith iaoeio a?aaeaeaieio I. *a?ac iaeioi-
?ia a?aiy a noae ia?aoeeanue aeaia a?aaeaeaieia N. n eneii i i?eciaiee
eoiee- i?iaeaaee iaoeiu iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie. Noae oaeiaeaoai?ee eneiaia
cayaeaiea a?aaeaeaiee N., oae eae auynieeinue, /oi a?aaeaeaiei N. ia
iiiaio niaa?oaiey naeaeee aue i?eciai iaaeaaniiniaiui, a aai aeaia
yaeyaony aai iiaeoiii. E?iia oiai, noae iaycae a?aaeaeaieia I. aic-
ianoeoue iaaeaaniiniaiie noi?iia iiianaiiue oua?a, o.e. a?aaeaeaiei
I. ciae i oii, /oi a?aaeaeaiei N. yaeyaony iaaeaaniiniaiui.
Noae a aeaiiii neo/aa i?eiaiee i?aaeea No.171 AE, o.e. naeaeea
auea niaa?oaia eeoeii, i?eciaiiui noaeii iaaeaaniiniaiui. I.2 No.
171 i?aaeoniao?eaaao, /oi naeaeea niaa?oaiiay iaaeaaniiniaiui eeoeii
iiaeao auoue i?eciaia noaeii aeaenoaeoaeueiie, anee a ?acoeueoaoa aa
niaa?oaiey yoio a?aaeaeaiei iieo/ee auaiaeo. Iaeiaei,noae ai?aaa au-
ianoe oaeia ?aoaiea eeoue ia iniiaaiee niioaaonoaothuaai o?aaiaaiey
iiaeoia iaaeaaniiniaiiai a?aaeaeaieia eeai ii o?aaiaaieth eiuo caei-
oa?aniaaiiuo eeoe, eiathueo i?aai i?aaeuyaeyoue enee i i?eiaiaiee
iineaaenoaee ie/oiaeiie naeaeee. Auaiaeie yaeyaony ia oieueei iieo/a-
iea eaeeo-eeai aeiiieieoaeueiuo eiouanoaaiiuo aeaa iaaeaaniiniaiui
eeoeii, ii e, iieo/aiea ni?acia?iuo ia?aaeaiiui iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa,
niiniaiuo oaeiaeaoai?eoue ioaeaeu yoiai a?aaeaeaieia.
a) naeaeee, niaa?oaiiua ianiaa?oaiiieaoieie, ia aeinoeaoeie 14
eao, yaeythony ie/oiaeiuie. Iaeieaoiea a aic?anoa io 6 aei 14 eao
ai?aaa niaa?oaoue iaeeea auoiaua naeaeee, naeaeee, iai?aaeaiiua ia
iieo/aiea aacaiciacaeiie auaiaeu, ia o?aaothuea iioa?eaeueiiai oaein-
oiaa?aiey, eeai ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee, naeaeee ii ?anii?yaea-
– 32 –
ieth n?aaenoaaie, i?aaeinoaaeaiiuie caeiiiuie i?aaenoaaeoaeyie eee n
niaeaney iineaaeiaai o?aoueei eeoeii aeey ii?aaeaeaiiie oeaee. Ana ae?o-
aea naeaeee ca ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo aei 14 eao, a oaeaea ana naeaeee ca
iaeieaoieo, ia aeinoeaoeo 6 eao, iiaoo niaa?oaoue oieueei eo caeii-
iua i?aaenoaaeoaee. Naeaeea, niaa?oaiiay iaeieaoiei, iiaeao auoue
i?eciaia noaeii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ii o?aaiaaieth aai ?iaeeoaeae, onu-
iiaeoaeae eee iiaeoia, anee naeaeea niaa?oaia e auaiaea ianiaa?oai-
iieaoiaai.
I?eia?ii iiaeao neoaeeoue aeaei, eioi?ia ?anniao?eaaeinue a ?ae-
noaea a.Aeueoeay51y0.
A Aeaoeeee noae ia?aoeeny a?aaeaeaiei E. n eneii i i?eciaiee ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee, niaa?oaiiie ianiaa?oaiiieaoiei ia aeinoea-
oei 14 eao. 12-eaoiee Eaai (nui enooea) i?iaeae naie aaeineiaae
“Auiiae” 18-eaoiaio Na?aath. Iineaaeiee ooaa?aeaeae, /oi aaeineiaae
aue ei i?eia?aoai i?e o/anoee noa?oaai a?aoa Eaaia 20-oeeaoiaai
Aeaenaiae?a. Noae i?iecaae eiinoaoaoeeth caeeth/aiey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiin-
oe naeaeee ii no. 172 AE enoiaey ec naiiai oaeoa caeeth/aiey naeaeee
ianiaa?oaiiieaoiei, ia aeinoeaoei 14 eao. A oaeaea iaycae noi?iiu
aica?aoeoue ae?oa ae?oao ana iieo/aiiia.
a)naeaeee, niaa?oaiiua ianiaa?oaiiieaoieie a aic?anoa noa?oa
14 eao. Aeaiiay noaouey ia ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia neaaeothuea neo/ae:
a) ia naeaeee ianiaa?oaiiieaoiaai a aic?anoa io 14 aei 18 eao,
n/eoathuaainy iieiinoueth aeaaniiniaiui a neo/aa anooieaiey a a?ae.
(no.21) eee yiaineiaoeeae (no.28 AE)
a) ia oa aeaeu naeaeie, eioi?ua ianiaa?oaiiieaoiea a aic?anoa
io 14 aei 18 eao iiaoo niaa?oaoue naiinoiyoaeueii a niioaaonoaee ni
___________________________
1 A?oea aeaoeeiai ai?iaeneiai noaea a.Aeueoea 1996. aeaei N2-138
– 33 –
no.26 AE.
Naeaeee, niaa?oaaiua ianiaa?oaiiieaoieie a aic?anoa io 14 aei
18 eao yaeythony inii?eiuie. Iniiaaieai i?eciaiey naeaeee, niaa?-
oaiiie ianiaa?oaiiieaoiei, iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie yaeyaony, ionoonoaea
ienueiaiiiai niaeaney caeiiiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae ia aa niaa?oaiea.
No.176 AE i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie, niaa?-
oaiiuie eeoeaie, ia?aie/aiiuie noaeii a aeaaniiniaiinoe. Yoi iiaeao
eiaoue ianoi i?e iaee/ee aeaoo iaeiia?aiaiii nouanoaothueo oneiaee:
ceioiio?aaeaiea nie?oiuie iaieoeaie eee ia?eioe/aneeie n?aaenoaaie
e a ?acoeueoaoa yoiai naiuey ieacuaaaony a oyaeaeii iaoa?eaeueiii ii-
eiaeaiee.
Ia?aie/aiii aeaaniiniaiue ai?aaa niaa?oaoue oieueei iaeeea au-
oiaua naeaeee. Niaa?oaoue ae?oaea naeaeee, a oaeaea iieo/aoue ca?aaioie,
iaineth e eiua aeioiaeu e ?anii?yaeaoueny eie ii iiaeao oieueei n niaea-
ney iacia/aiiiai aio iiia/eoaey.
Iiae “?anii?yaeaieai” neaaeoao iiieiaoue naeaeee, iai?aaeaiiua ia
ia?aaea/o eiouanoaa ae?oaei a?aaeaeaiai, ia yaeythueiny /eaiii naiuee
eee th?eaee/aneei eeoeii.
Aeaenoaea yoie noaouee ia ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia naeaeee, ii eioi-
?ui a?aaeaeaiei, ia?aie/aiiue a aeaaniiniaiinoe, iieo/aao eaeia-eeai
eiouanoai ia i?aaenoaaeyy acaiai naiaai. Oi?ia niaeaney iiia/eoaey
ia niaa?oaiea naeaeee, ia?aie/aiii aeaaniiniaiui aeieaeia niioaaon-
oaiaaoue oi?ia, onoaiiaeaiiie caeiiii aeey niaa?oaaiie naeaeee. Ene
i i?eciaiee oaeie naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie iiaeao cayaeoue oieueei
iiia/eoaeue. Naeaeea, niaa?oaaiay ia?aie/aiii aeaaniiniaiui eeoeii
yaeyaony inii?eiie.
Caeiiii i?aaeoniio?aii aeaa ninoaaa iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie
th?eaee/aneeo eeoe:naeaeee auoiaeyuea ca i?aaeaeu niaoeeaeueiie
i?aainii-
– 34 –
niaiinoe th?eaee/aneiai eeoea (no.173 AE), e naeaeee, naa?oaiiua i?-
aaiaie th?eaee/aneiai eeoea n i?aauoaieai eo iieiiii/ee (no.174 AE).
A noaouea 173 auaeaeaiu aeaa neo/ay auoiaea th?eaee/aneiai eeoea ca i?a-
aeaeu aai i?aainiiniaiinoe:
a) naeaeee, eioi?ua niaa?oaiu th?eaee/aneei eeoeii ca i?aaeaeaie
aai niaoeeaeueiie i?aainiiniaiinoe;
a) naeaeee, niaa?oaiiua th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie, ia eiathueie
eeoeaicee ia caiyoea niioaaonoaothuae aeayoaeueiinoueth.
Ia?aue neo/ae eiaao ianoi oiaaea, eiaaea oeaee aeayoaeueiinoe
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea ii?aaeaeaiii ia?aie/aiu ei aea a onoaaa eee ae?o-
aeo o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioao. Eiathony aaeaeo yaii oieueei
th?eaee/an-
eea eeoea, eioi?ua iaeaaeatho a niioaaonoaee ni no.49 AE iauae i?a-
ainiiniaiinoueth, o.a. ana eiiia?/aneea i?aaiecaoeee. ca eneeth/aieai
oieoa?iuo i?aaei?eyoee e eiuo aeaeia i?aaiecaoeee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo
caeiiii. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?a/ue eaeao i oicyenoaaiiuo oiaa?euanoaao e
iauanoaao, eioi?ua iiaoo a naieo o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioao i?aaeon-
iio?aoue ia?aie/aiey, cai?auathuea ei niaa?oaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua naeaeee
( iai?., caeeth/aoue naeaeee ia ae?aea e ae?.).
Ai aoi?ii neo/aa th?eaee/aneia eeoei n/eoaaony ia eiathuei ee-
oeaicee ia caiyoea niioaaonoaothuae aeayoaeueiinoueth, anee:
a) eeoeaicey ia iieo/aia ei;
a) ioicaaia i?aaiii, aa auaeaaoei;
a) ieii/eeny n?ie a aeaenoaey.
A neo/aa, eiaaea a iiiaio niaa?oaiey naeaeee eeoeaicee o th?eaee-
/aneiai eeoea ia auei, ii iia auea iieo/aia ia iiiaio ?anniio?aiey
nii?a noaeii, naeaeea aeaeeii, ia aeieaeia i?eciaaaoueny
iaaeaenoaeoaeue-
iie.
I?aaeea aeaiiie noaouee ?ani?ino?aiythony ia aeao- e iiiainoi-
– 35 –
?iiiea naeaeee (aeiaiai?a), eioi?ua iiaoo caeeth/aoueny eae iaaeaeo
th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie, oae e iaaeaeo th?eaee/aneei eeoeii e
a?aaeaeaieiii.
Naeaeee, niaa?oaiiua th?eaee/aneei eeoeii, auoiaeyuei ca i?aaeaeu i?a-
ainiiniaiinoe, ioiinyony e /eneo inii?eiuo. Ene i i?eciaiee oaeie
naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie e i?eiaiaiee iineaaenoaee aa iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiinoe iiaoo i?aaeuyaeoue naii th?eaee/aneia eeoei, aai o/?aaeeoaeue
(o/anoiee) eee ainoaea?noaaiiue i?aai, inouanoaeythuee eiio?ieue eee
iaaeci? ca aeayoaeueiinoueth th?eaee/aneiai eeoea.
Iniiaaieai aeey i?eciaiey naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie, iiieii aa
niaa?oaiey a i?ioeai?a/ea n oeaeyie n oeaeyie aeayoaeueiinoe, ii?aaea-
eaiii ia?aie/aiiuie a o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioao, eeai aac eeoeaicee
ia caiyoea ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth, yaeyaony aeieacaiiinoue oae-
oa, /oi eiio?aaaio ciae eee caaaaeiii aeieaeai aue ciaoue i iacaeii-
iinoe naeaeee. Yoio oaeo aeieaeii aeieacuaaoue eeoei, i?aaeuyaeaoaa ene.
A no.173 AE ?a/ue eaeao i i?eciaiee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie naea-
eie, niaa?oaiiuo aac niaoeeaeueiiai ?ac?aoaiey (eeoeaicee) oieueei
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea e caeanue ni?aaaaeeeai aicieeaao aii?in:”Eaeiaa
noaeueaa naeaeee, eioi?ay niaa?oaia aac eeoeaicee a?aaeaeaieiii-i?aaei-
?eieiaoaeai?” ss iieaaath, /oi naeaeee a?aaeaeaieia-i?aaei?eieiaoaey,
niaa?oaiiua aac eeoeaicee, oiaea aeieaeiu i?eciaaaoueny iaaeaenoaeoaeue-
iuie ii no.173 AE.
Oaeie auaiae y aeaeath ec aiaeeca i.3 no. 23 AE, eioi?ue aiai-
?eo i oii, /oi e i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe a?aaeaeai, ino-
uanoaeyaiie aac ia?aciaaiey th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, niioaaonoaaiii
i?eiaiythony i?aaeea ianoiyuaai eiaeaena, eioi?ua ?aaoee?otho aeay-
oaeueiinoue th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, yaeythueony eiiia?/aneeie i?aaiecaoeey-
ie, anee eiia ia auoaeaao ec caeiia, eiuo i?aaiauo aeoia eee no-
uanoaa i?aaiioiioaiey. O.a. i.3 no.23 AE i?aaeoniao?eaaao aiciiae-
– 36 –
iinoue ?ani?ino?aiaiey ia a?aaeaeai-i?aaei?eieiaoaeae i?aaee AE, ?a-
aoee?othueo aeayoaeueiinoue eiiia?/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee.
A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a anoue oi/ea c?aiey i oii, /oi naeaeee
a?aaeaeaieia-i?aaei?eieiaoaey, niaa?oaiiua aac eeoeaicee aeieaeiu i?ec-
iaaaoueny iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie ii no.168, eae naeaeee, ianiioaaonoaoth-
uea caeiio eee eiui i?aaiaui aeoai. Aeaiiia iieiaeaiea a?aoiaioe?o-
aony oai, /oi ai-ia?auo, a?aaeaeaia iaeaaeatho iauae i?aainiinia-
iinoueth e, ai-aoi?uo, ec nouanoaa i?aaiioiioaiey auoaeaao iaaic-
iiaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey i.3 no.23 AE.y51y0 N oaeei ?aoaieai i?iaeaiu a?yae
ee iiaeii niaeaneoueny, o.e. a niioaaonoaee ni no.49 AE eiiia?/an-
eea i?aaiecaoeee iaeaaeatho iauae i?aainiiniaiinoueth (eae e a?aaeaea-
ia-i?aaei?eieiaoaee) e y, ia aeoiath, /oi ec nouanoaa i?aaiioiioaiey
auoaeaao iaaiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey i.3 no.23 AE.
Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae i oii, /oi e a?aaeaea-
iai-i?aaei?eieiaoaeyi, inouanoaeythuei aeayoaeueiinoue aac eeoeaicee
iiaeao auoue i?eiaiaia no.173 AE.
Caeii e /eneo inii?eiuo naeaeie ioiineo naeaeee niaa?oaiiua
eeoeii, iieiiii/ey eioi?iai ia?aie/aiu (no.174).
Caeanue iiaeii auaeaeeoue o?e iniiaaiey i?eciaiey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie
naeaeee, niaa?oaiiie n i?aauoaieai iieiiii/ee:
1. I?aauoaiea a?aaeaeaieiii iieiiii/ee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo aeiai-
ai?ii, a i?aaiii th?eaee/aneiai eeoea – iieiiii/ee, ii?aaeaeaiiuo aai
o/?aaeeoaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie.
2. Iai/aaeaeiinoue aeey ae?oaie noi?iiu oaeoa ia?ooaiey iieiiii-
/ee, o.e. ec aeiaa?aiiinoe, caeiia eee ianoaiiaee, a eioi?ie ni-
_______________________________
1 Ni. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai / iiae ?aae. TH.E. Oienoiai, A.I.Na?aa-
aaa. – Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, 1996. – N.234.
– 37 –
aa?oaaony naeaeea, n yniinoueth neaaeoao, /oi iia niaa?oaaony oi?aai-
ii/aiiui eeoeii.
3. Aeieacaiiinoue oaeoa, /oi ae?oaay noi?iia ciaea eee caaaaeiii
aeieaeia auea ciaoue ia ia?aie/aieyo iieiiii/ee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo aei-
aiai?ii eee o/?aaeeoaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie th?eaee/aneiai eeoea.
ss oi/o iiae?iaiaa inoaiiaeoueny ia naeaeeao, niaa?oaaiuo th?eaee-
/aneeie eeoeaie n i?aauoaieai iieiiii/ee, o.e. caeanue anoue ii?aaea-
eaiiua i?iaeaiu.
Eae ecaanoii, a niioaaonoaee n i.3 no. 53 AE th?eaee/aneea ee-
oea i?eia?aoatho a?aaeaeaineea i?aaa e i?eieiatho ia naay a?aaeaeaineea
iaycaiiinoe, /a?ac naie i?aaiu, aeaenoaothuea a niioaaonoaee n ca-
eiiii e eiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie e o/?aaeeoaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie. Oae,
iai?eia?, aeey aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa oaeiaui i?aaiii yaeyaony aa-
ia?aeueiue aee?aeoi?, eioi?ue eae aeaneo i.2 no.69 Oaaea?aeueiiai Ca-
eiia “Ia aeoeeiia?iuo iauanoaao”y51y0 aeaenoaoao io eiaie iauanoaa aac
aeiaa?aiiinoe, a o./. niaa?oay a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiaua naeaeee. *anoue
ec ieo iiaeao auoue niaa?oaia ia iniiaaiee naiinoiyoaeueiiai ?aoaiey
aee?aeoi?a, a /anoue eneeth/eoaeueii iinea ?aoaiey iauaai nia?aiey
aeoeeiia?ia eee niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia. Iineaaenoaeai naeaeee, niaa?oai-
iie n i?aauoaieai aee?aeoi?ii iieiiii/ee (o.a. naeaeee, ia iniiaai-
iie ia iaiaoiaeeiii aeey eiie?aoiiai neo/ay ?aoaiey niaaoa aee?aeoi-
?ia eee iauaai nia?aiey aeoeeiia?ia) iiaeao yaeyoueny iniiaaieai aeey
i?eciaiey aa iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea.
Aiciiaeiinoue e iniiaaieai aeey i?eciaiey naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeue-
iie caaeneo io oiai, i?aauoaiu ee aee?aeoi?ii i?e aa niaa?oaiee
______________________
y51 y0Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia AAN ?O io 26 ia?oa 1996 a.
N 7435/95/ Aanoiee AAN. 1996. – N 7. – N.35.
– 38 –
iieiiii/ey, ii?aaeaeaiiua caeiiii e eiuie i?aaiaui aeoii eee oieue-
ei onoaaii iauanoaa. I?e i?aauoaiee iieiiii/ee, ii?aaeaeaiiuo ca
eiiii eee eiui i?aaiaui aeoii (iai?., naeaeea ii io/oaeaeaieth eio-
uanoaa iauanoaa noieiinoueth aieaa 25% aai aeoeaia, ia iniiaaiiay
ia ?aoaiee eee a iineaaeothuai ia iaeia?aiiay ?aoaieai iaeiiai ec i?-
aaiia oi?aaeaiey iauanoaa a niioaaonoaee ni no.79 OC “Ia aeoeei-
ia?iuo iauanoaao”), oi naeaeea iiaeao auoue i?eciaia ie/oiaeiie ii
no.168 AE. Anee aea aee?aeoi?ii niaa?oaia naeaeea a i?aaeaeao iieii-
ii/ee, onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiii, iaeiaei i?e yoii i?aauoaiu iieiiii-
/ey, ii?aaeaeaiiua onoaaii iauanoaa (iai?., i?iecioei io/oaeaeaiea
eiouanoaa noieiinoueth 20% aeoeaia aac niioaaonoaothuaai ?aoaiey ni-
aaoa aee?aeoi?ia, oiaaea eae onoaa iauanoaa o?aaoao oaeiai ?ac?aoa-
iey), aeaiiay naeaeea, yaeyynue inii?eiie, iiaeao auoue i?eciaia noaeii
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ia iniiaaiee no. 174 AE.
Eae oeacuaaeinue auoa, iaeiei ec iniiaaiee i?eciaiey naeaeee,
niaa?oaiiie n i?aauoaieai iieiiii/ee, yaeyaony aeieacaiiinoue oae-
oa, /oi ae?oaay noi?iia ciaea eee caaaaeiii aeieaeia auea ciaoue ia
ia?aie/aieyo iieiiii/ee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo aeiaiai?ii eee o/?aaee-
oaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie th?eaee/aneiai eeoea. Ii aeaiiiio iniiaaieth no-
aeaaii-a?aeo?aaeiie i?aeoeeie noi?ioee?iaaiu iiaeoiaeu a /anoe aeiea-
cuaaiey ecaanoiinoe ioaao/eeo ii?i o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioiay51y0.
?anniio?aa iaoa?eaeu aeaea ii nii?o iaaeaeo AICO “O” e III “Z”
I?aceaeeoiii Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai noaea onoaiiaeaii neaaeothuaa: iaae-
aeo III “Z” e AICO “O” 26.08.94 a. caeeth/ai aeiaiai? caeiaa eio-
uanoaa iauanoaa a iaania/aiea aica?aoa e?aaeeoa, auaeaiiiai aaieii
__________________________
1.Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia AAN ?O io 26 ia?oa 1996 a.
N7435/ 95 E. Aanoiee AAN. 1996. N7.N.35.
– 39 –
yo1.9
“Q”. I?aaeiaoii caeiaa yaeyeinue caeaiea. Aeiaiai? caeiaa ni noi?iiu
caeiaiaeaoaey iiaeienai i?aaenaaeaoaeai i?aaeaiey AICO “O”, aeaenoaoth-
uei, eae oeacaii a aeiaiai?a, ia iniiaaiee onoaaa. Oaeei ia?acii,
ii iiaieth I?aceaeeoia AAN ?O, ec yoie caiene neaaeoao, /oi ae?oaay
noi?iia, o/anoaothuay a naeaeea, aeieaeia auea iciaeiieoueny n oaenoii
onoaaa iauanoaa, /oiau auynieoue eiathony ee o i?aaenaaeaoaey i?aaea-
iey iieiiii/ey ia caeeth/aiea aeiaiai?a caeiaa iaaeaeaeeiiai eiouano-
aa. Iaaeaeo oai, eae aeaeii ec onoaaa AICO “O” i?aaenaaeaoaeue i?aaea-
iey ia iaaeaeai iieiiii/eyie niaa?oaoue oaeea naeaeee. Iiyoiio i?a-
ceaeeoi AAN ?O naeaeae auaiaeu, /oi ia iniiaaiee no.174 AE aeaiiue
aeiaiai? yaeyaony iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeeie.
Oaeei ia?acii, Aunoee A?aeo?aaeiue Noae ?O ii?aaeaeee, /oi ca-
ienue a aeiaiai?a i oii, /oi aee?aeoi? aeaenoaoao ia iniiaaiee onoaaa
aeinoaoi/ia aeey oiai, /oiau n/eoaoue, /oi noi?iia ii naeaeea aeieaeia
auea ciaoue i i?aaeaeao iieiiii/ee i?aaiia th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, onoa-
iaaeeaaaiuo aai onoaaii. I?e yoii enoaoe oaeoe/anee inaiaiaeaeaaony
io iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeieacuaaiey ecaanoiinoe ii?i onoaaa ioaao/eeo.
Neaaeoao i?eciaoue, /oi aeaiiue iiaeoiae a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie
oaeanoi/aao o?aaiaaiey e o/anoieea a?aaeaeaineiai iai?ioa i?e niaa?-
oaiee eie naeaeie.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, iniio?eoaeueiay noi?iia ii aeiaiai?o oaia?ue
aeieaeia ciaoue ia oieueei ia onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiii iieiiii/ee eeoea,
i?aaenoaaeythuaai ae?oaoth noi?iio, ii e iciaeiieoueny n onoaaii eiio-
?aaaioa. Ianiaethaeaiea yoiai o?aaiaaiey aiieia iiaeao i?eaanoe e
i?eciaieth aeiaiai?a iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui e niioaaonoaothuei oauoeai. N
eneii i i?eciaiee naeaeee, niaa?oaiiie eeoeii,iieiiii/ey eioi?iai
ia?aie/aiu, ai?aaa ia?aoeoueny eeoei, a eioa?anao eioi?iai onoaiia-
eaiu ia?aie/aiey.Iineaaenoaeai i?eciaiey oaeie naeaeee iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiie yaeyaony aeaonoi?iiiyy ?anoeoooeey.
.
– 40 –
2. Naeaeee n ii?ieaie oi?iu
yo1.9
Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie aneaaenoaea ii?iea oi?iu naeaeee ca-
aeneo io oiai, eaeay oi?ia caeiiii eee niaeaoaieai noi?ii aeey ni-
aa?oaiey oie eee eiie naeaeee onoaiiaeaia. Anoanoaaiii, /oi ia
aiciiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue ianiaethaeaiea onoiie oi?iu naeaeee. Caeii nay-
cuaaao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue oieueei n ienueiaiiie oi?iie naeaeee. Ia-
niaethaeaiea i?inoie ienueiaiiie oi?iu aea/ao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue
naeaeee oieueei a neo/ayo, niaoeeaeueii oeacaiiuo a caeiia (no.339
AE) eee a niaeaoaiee noi?ii. Ianiaethaeaiea aea o?aaoaiie caeiiii
iioa?eaeueiie oi?iu, a oaeaea ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee naeaeee
anaaaea aea/ao aa iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue. Oaeay naeaeea yaeyaony ie/-
oiaeiie. Iaeiaei aeey iaeioi?uo neo/aaa i?aaeoniio?aia aiciiaeiinoue
ecaaaeaoue iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe oeacaiiuo naeaeie (i.2 no.165 AE).
I?eiaieoaeueii e ia?ooaieth o?aaiaaiey i oi?ia eiaaony a aeaeo neoo-
aoeey, eiaaea naeaeea e iiiaioo aicieeiiaaiey aii?ina i aa iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueiinoe eniieiaia (?aaioa auiieiaia), ii noi?iia, eniieiea-
oay naeaeeo, ia?auaaony a noae ca caueoie naieo eioa?ania. A aeaiiii
neo/aa noae iiaeao oaeiaeaoai?eoue ene, i?eciaa naeaeeo aeaenoaeoaeue-
iie. Oaeia ?aoaiea inaiaiaeaeaao noi?ii io iioa?eaeueiiai oaeinoiaa-
?aiey naeaeee.
A ioiioaiee naeaeie, a eioi?uo iaeia ec noi?ii oeeiiyaony io
ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee ?aoaiea noaea nicaeaao iaycaiiinoue i?i-
ecaanoe ?aaeno?aoeeth niioaaonoaothuaio i?aaio, ii i?e oneiaee, /oi
naeaeea niaa?oaia a iaaeeaaeauae oi?ia.
Aianoa n i?eciaieai aeaenoaeoaeueiie iacaaa?aiiie o iioa?eona
naeaeee eee auianaiey ?aoaiey, iaycuaathuaai ca?aaeno?e?iaaoue naeae-
eo, ia noi?iio, iaiainiiaaiii oeeiieaoothny io iioa?eaeueiiai oaein-
oiaa?aiey eee ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee, iiaeao auoue aiceiaeaia
iaycaiiinoue aicianoeoue i?e/eiaiiua ae?oaie noi?iia oauoee.
.
– 41 –
3. Naeaeee n ii?ieaie aiee
yo2
Naeaeee n ii?ieaie aiee iiaeii iiae?acaeaeeoue ia naeaeee, niaa?-
oaiiua aac aioo?aiiae aiee ia niaa?oaiea naeaeee, e naeaeee a eioi-
?uo aioo?aiiyy aiey noi?ie?iaaeanue iai?aaeeueii. Aac aioo?aiiae
aiee niaa?oathony naeaeee iiae aeeyieai ianeeey, oa?icu, ceiiaia?ai-
iiai niaeaoaiey i?aaenoaaeoaey iaeiie noi?iiu n ae?oaie noi?iiie
(noaouey 179 AE), a oae aea a?aaeaeaieiii, ia niiniaiui iiieiaoue cia-
/aiey naieo aeaenoaee eee ?oeiaiaeeoue eie (no 177 AE), a oaeaea
naeaeee, niaa?oaiiua iiae aeeyieai caaeoaeaeaiey (no 178 AE).
Noaouey 177 AE i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie, ni-
aa?oaiiuo a?aaeaeaieiii, oioy e aeaaniiniaiui, ii iaoiaeyueiny a ii-
iaio niaa?oaiey naeaeee a oaeii ninoiyiee, eiaaea ii ia aue niini-
aai iiieiaoue cia/aiea a naieo aeaenoaee eee ?oeiaiaeeoue eie.
Ianiiniaiinoue iiieiaoue cia/aiey naieo aeaenoaee eee ?oeiai-
aeeoue eie aeieaeia eiaoue ianoi a iiiaio, eiaaea naeaeea n/eoaaony ni-
aa?oaiiie. I?e yoii ia eiaao cia/aiey eiie?aoiay i?e/eia, eioi?ie
aucaaia ianiiniaiinoue iiieiaoue cia/aiea naieo aeaenoaee eee ?oei-
aiaeeoue eie. Yoi iiaoo auoue ia?eioeee, ia?aiia iio?ynaiea, aeei-
aieueiia iiueyiaiea, o?aaia, aieaciue. Ene a noae i i?eciaiee iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueiie naeaeee, niaa?oaiiie a?aaeaeaieiii ianiiniaiui iiieiaoue
cia/aiee naieo aeaenoaee eee ?oeiaiaeeoue eie, iiaeao i?aaeuyaeoue nai
yoio a?aaeaeaiei, eeai eeoei /uee i?aaa, e io?aiyaiua caeiiii eioa?a-
nu ia?ooaiu a ?acoeueoaoa aa niaa?oaiey.
Oae, a?aaeaeaiea E. auaeaea aeiaa?aiiinoue a?aaeaeaiea N. ia i?iaea-
aeo aa eaa?oe?u e iieoieo aeiia a naeueneie ianoiinoe. N. eniieieea
ii?o/aiea, ii nionoy iaeioi?ia a?aiy, E. ia?aoeeanue a noae n caya-
eaieai i i?eciaiee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui eae aeiaiai?a ii?o/aiey, oae e
aeiaiai?a i i?iaeaaea aa eaa?oe?u e iieoiea ae aeiia a naeueneie iano-
– 42 –
iinoe. Noae oaeiaeaoai?ee eneiaua o?aaiaaiey E. i i?eciaiee caeeth-
/aiiuo aeiaiai?ia iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie, o.e. i?iaaaeaiiay ii aeaeo no-
aeaaii-iaaeeoeeineay yenia?oeca aeaea caeeth/aiea, /oi E. a iiiaio
ioi?ieaiey aeiaiai?a ii?o/aiey, a neeo naiaai ninoiyiey, ia iiie-
iaea cia/aiey naieo aeaenoaeey51y0.
I. 2 no.177 i?aaeoniao?eaaao, /oi naeaeea niaa?oaiiay a?aaeaea-
ieiii aiineaaenoaee i?eciaiiui iaaeaaniiniaiui, iiaeao auoue i?eciaia
noaeii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ii eneo aai iiaeoia, anee aeieacaii, /oi a
iiiaio niaa?oaiey naeaeee a?aaeaeaiei ia aue niiniaai iiieiaoue cia-
/aiey naieo aeaenoaee eee ?oeiaiaeeoue eie.I?e yoii ia eiaao cia/a-
iey, /oi iniiaaiea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe aicieeei aei iacia/aiey iia-
eoia. A ioee/ea io naeaeie eeoe, i?eciaiiuo iaaeaaniiniaiuie aneaaen-
oaea aeooaaiie aieacie eee neaaioiey, naeaeee a?aaeaeai oioy e aeaan-
iiniaiuo, ii iaoiaeyueony a iiiaio eo niaa?oaiey a oaeii ninoiy-
iee, /oi iie ia iiaee iiieiaoue cia/aiea naieo aeaenoaee, ia yaey-
thony ie/oiaeiuie, o.a.iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie, a iiaoo auoue inii?aiu a
noaea. Iineaaenoaeai niaa?oaiey oaeie naeaeee yaeyaony aeaonoi?iiiyy
?anoeoooeey.E?iia oiai, noi?iia ii naeaeea iaycaia aicianoeoue niio-
aaonoaothuae noi?iia ?aaeueiue oua?a, anee aoaeao aeieacaii, /oi noi-
?iia ciaea eee aeieaeia auea ciaoue i iaaeaaniiniaiinoe ae?oaie noi?i-
iu eee iaoiaeaeaiee aa a oaeii ninoiyiee,eiaaea iia ia iiaea iiie-
iaoue cia/aiea naieo aeaenoaee eee ?oeiaiaeeoue eie.
Noaouey 178 i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie, niaa?-
oaiiuo iiae aeeyieai caaeoaeaeaiey.
Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue oaeie naeaeee iniiauaaaony ia oii,/oi au-
?aaeaiiay a iae aiey o/anoieea iai?aaeeueii neiaeeeanue aneaaenoaea
___________________________
1 A?oea ai?iaeneiai noaea a.Aeueoea. 1996 a. Aeaei N 1-67.
– 43 –
caaeoaeaeaiey, e iiyoiio naeaeea aea/ao eiua i?aaiaua iineaaenoaey
aeey iaai, iaaeaee oa, eioi?ua ii a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe eiae aaeaeo.
Caeanue eiaao ianoi ii?ie naiie aiee, aa oi?ie?iaaiey, iaia?aiey
noauaeoa, a ia ianiaeaniaaiiinoue, ia ii?ie au?aaeaiey aiee. E y
aeoiath, /oi iaeuecy ia niaeaneoueny n auaiaeii Iiaeoeeiai E.A. i oii,
/oi i?e caaeoaeaeaiee iiaeii aiai?eoue i ii?iea aiee, o.e. “… oioy
aieaecuyaeaiea caeanue aiieia niioaaonoaoao aiea eeoea, ii naia ai-
ey, naii aioo?aiiaa ?aoaiea neeaaeuaaaony iiae aeeyieai ioeai/iiai
i?aaenoaaeaiey”y51y0.
Caaeoaeaeaiea yaeyaony iniiaaieai i?eciaiey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie
naeaeie eae a?aaeaeai, oae e th?eaee/aneeo eeoe. Iaeiaei th?eaee/aneia
cia/aiea eiaao ia anyeia caaeoaeaeaiea, a oieueei nouanoaaiiia. Iiae
oaeiaui AE iiieiaao caaeoaeaeaiea ioiineoaeueii i?e?iaeu naeaeee eeai
oiaeaeanoai eee oaeeo ea/anoa aa i?aaeiaoa, eioi?ua cia/eoaeueii nie-
aeatho aiciiaeiinoe aai eniieueciaaiey ii iacia/aieth. Nouanoaaiiia
caaeoaeaeaiea aeieaeii eanaoueny aeaaiuo yeaiaioia naeaeee. Iineaaenoaey
oaeiai caaeoaeaeaiey eeai iaono?aieiu aiiaua, eeai eo ono?aiaiea
naycaii aeey caaeoaeaeaaoaeny noi?iiu ni cia/eoaeueiuie cao?aoaie.
Caaeoaeaeaiea iiaeao eanaoueny i?e?iaeu naeaeee, iai?eia?, eiaaea caa-
eoaeaeaaoeeny i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi ii caeeth/aao aeiaiai? eoiee-i?iaeaaee,
a a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe caeeth/ai aeiaiai? iaeia. Caaeoaeaeaieai a oiae-
aeanoaa neaaeoao n/eoaoue caaeoaeaeaiea a oiaeaeanoaa nouanoaaiiuo onei-
aee niaeaoaiey, aac eioi?uo aeaonoi?iiiyy naeaeea ia iiaeao auoue
i?eciaia aeaenoaeoaeueiie, ninoiyaoaenyy52y0.
______________________
1 Iiaeoeeee E.A. Naeaeee. Eneiaay aeaaiinoue. I.,1954.N.103.
2 Ieaaiceoo A.A. Aiey e aieaecuyaeaiea. Aeooaiaa, 1983. N.212.
– 44 –
Iai?aaeeueiia i?aaenoaaeaiea eiaao ianoi, iai?eia?, eiaaea
i?aaei?eyoea i?eia?aoaao ioeeieiaaiiua o?oau n iaaeinoaoi/iui eiee-
/anoaii oeeiea, aneaaenoaea /aai o?oau iiaeii aoaeao yenieoaoe?iaaoue
cia/eoaeueii aieaa ei?ioeia a?aiy, /ai ?ann/eouaae iieoiaoaeuey51y0.
Iaeeea ioeaee e iacia/eoaeueiua ?anoiaeaeaiey iaaeaeo i?aaenoaaeyaiuie
e aeaenoaeoaeueiuie iineaaenoaeyie naeaeee ia iiaoo neoaeeoue iniiaaie-
ai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
I?e ?aoaiee aii?ina i nouanoaaiiinoe caaeoaeaeaiey ii iiaiaeo
ianoiyoaeuenoa, oeacaiiuo a no.178, iaaei enoiaeeoue ec nouanoaaiiin-
oe aeaiiiai ianoiyoaeuenoaa aeey eiie?aoiiai eeoea n o/?oii iniaai-
iinoe aai iieiaeaiey, ninoiyiey caei?iauey, cia/aiey inia?eaaiie
naeaeee e o.ae., a anee oaeeo iniaaiiinoae iao – ec n?aaeieo i?aaen-
oaaeaiee, neiaeeaoeony ioiineoaeueii niioaaonoaothueo ianoiyoaeuenoa.
A AE iniai iiae/??eiooi, /oi caaeoaeaeaiea a iioeaao naeaeee ia eiatho
nouanoaaiiiai cia/aiey. Iioea naeaeee – yoi oa ianoiyoaeuenoaa, ii
eioi?ui eeoei niaa?oaao naeaeeo. E caaeoaeaeaiea a iioeaa aeaenoae-
oaeueii iaeuecy ?anniao?eaaoue eae iniiaaiea aeey inia?eaaiey naeaeee,
yoi iiae?uaaei au onoie/eainoue a?aaeaeaineiai iai?ioa e i?aiyonoai-
aaei iaiaoiaeeiie caueoa eioa?ania ae?oaie noi?iiu, eioi?ay auea au
iinoaaeaia a caaeneiinoue io oiai, /oi ia ii?aaaeaeenue ?an/?ou, ia-
ia?aiey e aeaeaiey o/anoieea naeaeee. Caaeoaeaeaiea a iioeaa ia iiaeao
eiaoue i?aaiaiai cia/aiey e iioiio, /oi iioeau eaaeao aia naeaeee.
A noaeaaiie i?aeoeea /anoi ano?a/athony aeaea i i?eciaiee naeae-
ee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ii no.178 AE. I?eaaaeo i?eia?y52y0.
___________________________
1 Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia AAN ?O io 3 oaa?aey 1996a. (eca-
ea/aiey) // Aanoiee AAN ?O. – 1996. – N10. – N.71.
2 A?oea ai?iaeneiai noaea a. Aeueoea.1997. Aeaei N2-11.
– 45 –
A?aaeaeaiea A. ia?aoeeanue n eneii a noae i i?eciaiee aeiaiai?a
aea?aiey eaa?oe?u iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui. Enoeoea A oeacaea, /oi nui
oaiai?ee aa iieoe a iioa?eaeueioth eiioi?o e “?aoeoue aii?in n
eaa?oe?ie”. Nui aaae aa a caaeoaeaeaiea,o.e. A. oioaea naeaeaoue
caaauaiea ia aeaoo nuiiaae. A iioa?eaeueiie eiioi?a ae ie/aai ia
?acuynieee, e iia ii iaa?aiioiinoe iinoaaeea iiae iei naith
iiaeienue.Aeaiiua oaeou iaoee iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea, e noae i?eciae aeiaiai?
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui ii no.178 AE.
Aaaaeaiea a caaeoaeaeaiea iaiaoiaeeii ioee/aoue io iaiaia, eioi-
?ue oaeaea yaeyaony iniiaaieai i?eciaiey naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiue.
Caaeoaeaeaiea eiaao ianoi oiaaea, eiaaea o/anoiee naeaeee iiieii naiae
aiee e aiee ae?oaiai o/anoieea ninoaaeyao naaa iai?aaeeueiia iiaiea
eee inoaaony a iaaaaeaiee ioiineoaeueii oao eee eiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa,
eiathueo aeey iaai nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea, e iiae eo aeeyieai niaa?-
oaao naeaeeo, eioi?oth ii ia niaa?oee, anee au ia caaeoaeaeaeny. Ii a
oii neo/aa, anee o/anoiee naeaeee aeaeeo, /oi ae?oaie o/anoiee au?a-
aeaao aieth iiae aeeyieai caaeoaeaeaiey, ii ia niiauaao aio enoeiiia
iieiaeaiea aauae a naieo eioa?anao, naeaeea aoaeao n/eoaoueny niaa?-
oaiiie iiae aeeyieai iaiaia. Oaeei ia?acii, aaaaeaiea a caaeoaeaea-
iea- iaoiuoeaiiia aeaenoaea eee aacaeaenoaea o/anoieea naeaeee.
Naeaeea, niaa?oaiiay iiae aeeyieai caaeoaeaeaiey, inii?eia. N eneii a
noae i i?eciaiee oaeie naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ai?aaa ia?aoeoueny
noi?iia, eioi?ay caaeoaeaeaeanue. Iineaaenoaeai oaeiai-?iaea naeaeee
neoaeeo aeaonoi?iiiyy ?anoeoooeey. Anee aea aoaeao aeieacaia aeia io-
aao/eea a caaeoaeaeaiee (iai?eia?, neo/ae, eiaaea i?iaeaaaoe ia niia-
uee iieoiaoaeth ia eiathueo nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea naienoaao i?eia-
?aoaaiie aaue, /oi ii?iaeeei caaeoaeaeaiea), enoaoe ai?aaa o?aaiaaoue
io ioaao/eea aiciauaiey i?e/eiaiiiai aio ?aaeueiiai oua?aa.Anee aea
– 46 –
yoi ia oaeaeinue onoaiiaeoue, AE(i.2.no.178) n/eoaao iaiaoiaeeiui ca-
ueoeoue eioa?anu ioaao/eea. Niioaaonoaaiii i?eciaa naeaeeo iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueiie, noae aiceaaaao ia enooea iaycaiiinoue aicianoeoue ioaao-
/eeo i?e/ei?iiue ?aaeueiue oua?a, aeaaea a neo/aa, eiaaea caaeoaeaeaiea
aicieeei ii iacaaenyuei io enooea ianoiyoaeuenoaai. No.179 AE i?a-
aeoniao?eaaao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie, niaa?oaiiuo iiae aeeyieai
iaiaia, ianeeey, oa?icu, ceiiaia?aiiiai niaeaoaiey i?aaenoaaeoaey
iaeiie noi?iiu n ae?oaie eee oyae?euo ianoiyoaeuenoa.
Aeaiiua naeaeee eiatho aeaa iaueo iiiaioa, eioi?ua iicaieytho
iauaaeeieoue eo a iaeio noaoueth:
1) Iioa?iaaoay noi?iia a aieueoeinoaa yoeo naeaeie eeoaia aic-
iiaeiinoe naiaiaeii au?aceoue naith aieth e aeaenoaiaaoue a naieo eioa-
?anao, /oi i?ioeai?a/eo iniiaiui ia/aeai a?aaeaeaineiai caeiiiaea-
oaeuenoaa, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui a?aaeaeaineea i?aaa i?eia?aoatho-
ny inouanoaeythony a?aaeaeaiaie e th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie naiae aieae e
a naieo eioa?anao.
2) Aieaecyaeaiea iioa?iaaoaai ia niioaaonoaoao aai aiea,
o.e. i?e eiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao naeaeea niaa?oaia ia auea au aiana
eee niaa?oaia ia ae?oaeo oneiaeyo.
I?aaeea no.179 i?eiaiythony eae a?aaeaeaiai, oae e e th?eaee/an-
eei eeoeai. E?iia oiai, neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iaiai, oa?ica, iane-
eea iiaoo enoiaeeoue ia oieueei io noi?iiu naeaeee, ii e io ae?oaeo
eeoe, aeaenoaothueo a a? eioa?anao. I?e caeeth/aiee naeaeee iiae aeey-
ieai iaiaia ia ?aoaiea iioa?iaaoaai aicaeaenoaoao iai?aaeeueiia
i?aaenoaaeaiea, eioi?ia eneeth/aao aiciiaeiinoue iaaeeaaeauaai oi?ie?i-
aaiey aiee noauaeoa. Iiae aeeyieai iaiaia neeaaeuaaaony ioeai/iia
iaia?aiea, i?eieiaaony iai?aaeeueiia ?aoaiea, aicieeaao ii?ie ai-
ee, i?eaiaeyuee e ioeai/iiio aieaecuyaeaieth. Iaiai iiaeao ioiineoue-
– 47 –
ny e ethaiio yeaiaioo naeaeee, a oii /enea e e iioeaai a? caeeth/a-
iey. Ii iaiaoiaeeii /oiau aai aeeyiea auei nouanoaaiiui aeey Oi?ie-
?iaaiey aiee.
I?eaaaeo i?eia? naeaeee, caeeth/?iiie iiae aeeyieai iaiaiay51y0.
AAN ?O (ni. niio?e iinoaiiaeaiea IAAN io 2 ethey 1996a.
N94/96) ioiaiee ?aoaiea noaea ieaeanoiyuae einoaioeee ii eneo AICO e
eeeie/aneie aieueieoea i acuneaiee oo?aoiuo naieoeee ca i?in?i/eo
iieaou iiae?yaeiuo ?aaio e iai?aaee aeaei ia iiaia ?anniio?aiea. In-
iiaaieai ioiaiu iineoaeee oaeo oiai, /oi noaeii 1y5iey0 einoaioeee ia
auea aeaia ioeaiea cayaeaieth i?aaenoaaeoaey eeeieee i caeeth/aiee aei-
aiai?a iiae aeeyieai iaiaia e oa?ic, ia iniiaaiee eioi?iai acunee-
aaeenue naieoeee, a nayce n /ai naeaeea iiaeao auoue i?eciaia iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueiie ia iniiaaiee no. 179 AE.
Eae oeacuaaeinue auoa, i?e iaiaia i?eniaaeeiyaony au? iaeii
ianoiyoaeuenoai, a eiaiii: oiuoeaiiia, iaia?aiiia nicaeaiea eiaeiuo
i?aaenoaaeaiee o eiio?aaaioa eee oiuoeaiiia, iaia?aiiia eniieueci-
aaiea oaea eiathuaainy o iaai eiaeiiai i?aaenoaaeaiey a oeaeyo iiaoae-
aeaiey aai e niaa?oaieth naeaeee, eioi?oth ii aac iaiaia ia niaa?oee
au. Iaiai iiaeao au?aaeaoueny eae a oi?ia aeaenoaey, oae e a oi?ia
aacaeaenoaey.
Ianeeea oiaea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaiin?aaenoaaiiia aicaeaenoaea
ia aieth. Aiiaua iiae ianeeeai iiieiatho i?e/eiaiea o/anoieeo naeaeee
eee eeoeai aeeceei aio, oece/aneeo eee aeooaaiuo no?aaeaiee n oeaeueth
i?eioaeeoue e niaa?oaieth naeaeee.
Ianeeea aeieaeii au?aaeaoueny a iacaeiiiuo aeaenoaeyo, oioy e ia-
iaycaoaeueii a oaieiaii-iaeacoaiuo. Iii ia aeieaeii enoiaeeoue iai?a-
________________________
1 Yeiiiieea e aeeciue. – 1998.
– 48 –
iaiii io noi?iiu a naeaeea, iaeiaei o/anoiee naeaeee aeieaeai ciaoue i
i?eiai?iiii ianeeee e aeieaeai niciaoaeueii yoi eniieueciaaoue aeey ii-
aoaeaeaiey e niaa?oaieth naeaeee.
Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie yaeyaony naeaeea, eioi?ay niaa?oaia iiae aee-
yieai oa?icu.
Oa?ica – ineoe/aneia aicaeaenoaea ia aieth eeoea iin?aaenoaii
cayaeaiee i i?e/eiaiee aio eee aai aeeceei oece/aneiai eee ii-
?aeueiiai a?aaea, anee ii ia niaa?oeo naeaeeo. Oa?ica aicaeaenoaoao
ia ia ineoeeo noauaeoa. E aicaeaenoaea i?ienoiaeeo ia noieueei ia
niciaiea, neieueei iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia aieth ioo?i i?eiaiaiey ineoe-
/aneiai i?eioaeaeaiey: iiae aeeyieai no?aoa noauaeo au?aaeaao naith
aieth, auae?ay iaiueoaa ec aeaoo ciey51y0. Iai?aaeeueii aiai?eoue, /oi
i?e
oa?ica ionoonoaoao aiey e eiaaony aieia aieaecuyaeaiea, aiiaua ia
au?aaeathuaa aioo?aiiae aiee.
I?e oa?ica, eae e i?e ianeeee i?eioaeaeaiea aeaenoaoao ia ine-
oeeo noauaeoa. Noauaeo i?eieiaao ?aoaiea, ianiioaaonoaothuaa aai
enoeiiui iaia?aieyi. Ii oa?ica ioee/aaony io ianeeey ii neaaeothuei
i?eciaeai:
a) oa?ica – yoi ia ?aaeeciaaiiia a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe iaia?a-
iea i?e/eieoue a?aae;
a) Oa?ica iiaeao au?aaeaoueny eae a aiciiaeiinoe niaa?oaiey i?a-
aiia?iuo aeaenoaee( niiauaiea i i?anooiiie aeayoaeueiinoe eeoea, ia-
eiaeaiea a?anoa ia eiouanoai), oae e a aiciiaeiinoe niaa?oaiey iai-
?aaiia?iuo aeaenoaee( i?e/eiaiea a?aaea aeecie e caei?iaueth,
iia?aaeaea-
iea eee oie/oiaeaiea ee/iiai eiouanoaa).
A eeoa?aoo?a anoue oi/ea c?aiey i oii, /oi iaeuecy i?eciaaaoue
_______________
1 ?aaeiiae/ I.A. Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie … n.71.
– 49 –
naeaeeo iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie, anee eeoei ai?aaa inouanoaeoue naith oa?i-
co (iai?eia? oa?ica eeoea i?aaeuyaeoue /ae i acuneaiee i?e/eoathuaeny
aio noiiu n iineaaeothuei ia?auaieai acuneaiey ia eiouanoai aeieaeie-
ea, anee iineaaeiee ia niaeaneony i?iaeaoue aai aeia?iaieueii)y51y0.
N oaeie oi/eie c?aiey a?yae ee iiaeii niaeaneoueny, o.e. a iiaeiaiii
neo/aa iiaeii inoaaeoue aac caueou, iai?eia? eioa?anu oao eeoe, a
ioiioaiee eioi?uo iaiainiiaaiii aicaoaeaeaii oaieiaiia aeaei ii ii-
aeic?aieth a niaa?oaiee ei?unoiiai i?anooieaiey e o.i. Aea e a ethaii
neo/aa caeanue aiey eeoea aoaeao oi?ie?iaaoueny iiae aeeyieai oa?icu,
ionoue aeaaea, anee iii aoaeao au?aaeaoueny a aiciiaeiinoe niaa?oaiey
i?aaiia?iuo aeaenoaee.
Iiieii anaai yoiai, neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi aeey i?eciaiey
naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie aneaaenoaee oa?icu iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau oa?ica
auea ?aaeueiie, eniieieiie e cia/eiie. Yoe iiiaiou onoaiaaeeaathony
noaeii n o/?oii anao ianoiyoaeuenoa aeaea.
Oaieiaiue eiaeaen ?O 1996 aiaea aia?aua i?aaeoniio?ae oaieiaioth
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca i?eioaeaeaiea e niaa?oaieth naeaeee eee ioeaco io
aa niaa?oaiey. No. 179 OE ?O Onoaiaaeeaaao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
i?eioaeaeaiea e niaa?oaieth naeaeee eee ioeaco io a? niaa?oaiey iiae
oa?icie i?eiaiaiey ianeeey, oie/oiaeaiea eee iia?aaeaeaiea /oaeiai
eiouanoaa, a ?aaii ?ani?ino?aiaiea naaaeaiee, eioi?ua iiaoo i?e/e-
ieoue nouanoaaiiue a?aae i?aaai e caeiiiui eioa?anai iioa?iaaoaai
eee aai aeeceeo. Oaeei ia?acii, iiieii oiai, /oi naeaeea, niaa?-
______________________________
1 Ni. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai ANN?. – Ieine,1975. – O.1. – N.147;
Niaaoneia a?aaeaeaineia i?aai. – I.,1986. – O.1. – N.222; A?aaeaeain-
eia i?aai./ Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae TH.E.Oienoiai, A.I.Na?aaaaa. Naieo-Ia-
oa?ao?a.
– 50 –
o?iiay iiae aeeyieai iaiaia, ianeeey, oa?icu, iiaeao auoue i?eciaia
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ii eneo iioa?iaaoaai, oa?ica i?eiaiaiey ianeeey,
oie/oiaeaiea eee iia?aaeaeaiea eiouanoaa iioa?iaaoaai, a oaeaea oae-
oe/aneia i?eiaiaiea ianeeey aeaeoo oaieiaioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ii
no. 179 OE ?O. Aeaiiia i?anooieaiea niaa?oaaony oiuoeaiii, o.a.
eeoei i?eioaeaeaao iioa?iaaoaai e niaa?oaieth naeaeee eee e ioeaco io
a? niaa?oaiey, aeaeaao aeinoeaiooue yoiai, niciaoaeueii i?eaaaay e
aeaenoaeyi, oeacaiiui a no. 179 OE.
“Ceaiiia?aiiia niaeaoaiea” i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi iniiaaieai aeey
i?eciaiey naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ii yoiio ianoiyoaeuenoao yaeyao-
ny oiuoeaiiia niaeaoaiea n oeaeueth i?e/eieoue iaaeaaii?eyoiua iin-
eaaenoaey eeai iieo/eoue eaeoth-eeai auaiaeo. I?e ionoonoaee oiunea o
i?aaenoaaeoaey i?eiaiythony i?aaeea i aeiaiai?a ii?o/aiey, a a neo-
/aa i?aauoaiey ei iieiiii/ee – i?aaeea i niaa?oaiee naeaeee ia oi-
?aaiii/iui eeoeii. Aeey i?eciaiey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie eaaaeueiie naeaeee
iaiaoiaeeii iaee/ea iaeiia?aiaiii o?ao i?eciaeia:
1) niaa?oaiea naeaeee ia e?aeia iaauaiaeiuo oneiaeyo;
2) iaoiaeaeaiea eeoea, niaa?oathuaai naeaeeo, a oyaeaeuo ianoiy-
oaeuenoaao;
3) eeoei niaa?oaao naeaeeo auioaeaeaiii, o.a. iiieii naiae aiee.
A ea/anoaa i?eia?a eaaaeueiie naeaeee i?eaaaeo iaeii ec noaeaaiuo
aeae, naycaiiuo n iaiaiii aeeeuo iiiauaieey51y0.
Ii i?ioanoo caianoeoaey I?aaenaaeaoaey Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?innee
?inoianeee iaeanoiie noae i?eciae iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeeo ii iaia-
io o?aoeiiiaoiie eaa?oe?u, iaieiaoaeai eioi?ie auea a?-ea O. , ia
iaeiieiiiaoioth eaa?oe?o a oii aea aeiia, aaea i?iaeeaaea naiuey O. ec
__________________________
1.Oicyenoai e i?aai. 1997. – N5. – N.155.
– 51 –
o?ao /aeiaae, ii neaaeothuei ianoiyoaeuenoaai: iaiai ninoiyeny a eth-
ia, a a aaaonoa O. ia?aoeeanue a noae n eneii i i?eciaiee iaiaia
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui, oeacaa, /oi niaa?oeea aai aneaaenoaea noa/aiey
oyaeaeuo ianoiyoaeuenoa: a iaa iinea oyaeaeie aieacie oia? aa ioae,
iia oyaeaei ia?aaeeaaea aai nia?oue, a nayce n /ai auea aeinoaaeaia a
aieueieoeo n ino?ui ia?ooaieai iicaiaiai e?iaiia?auaiey, a caoai
i?ioiaeeea aiaoeaoi?iia ea/aiea.
Ii neiaai O., ainiieueciaaaoenue yoei ianoiyoaeuenoaii, O. e aa
ioae neeiieee aa iaienaoue cayaeaiea ia iaiaia eaa?oe?u. Ioi?ieaiea
iaiaiiuo aeieoiaioia, i?iieneo e ia?aacae inouanoaee aac aa o/anoey
ioae O.
Oaeiaeaoai?yy ene, noae oeacae, /oi iaiai ia e?aeia iaauaiaeiuo
aeey O. oneiaeyo aue niaa?oai aneaaenoaea noa/aiey oyaeaeuo ianoiy-
oaeuenoa, eiaaea aieth a?aaeaeaieia, oioy iia e niioaaonoaoao aai
aeaenoaeth, iaeuecy ?anniao?eaaoue eae naiaiaeii neiaeeaoothny,
iineieue-
eo iia oi?ie?oaony iiae aeeyieai yoeo ianoiyoaeuenoa.
Aeaiiua naeaeee iiaoo auoue i?eciaiu iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie ii eneo
iioa?iaaoaai iineaaenoaeai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe oaeeo naeaeie yaey-
aony iaeiinoi?iiiyy ?anoeoooeey. E?iia oiai, ae?oaay noi?iia iaycaia
aicianoeoue iioa?iaaoae noi?iia ?aaeueiue oua?a.
.
– 52 –
4. Naeaeee n ii?ieaie niaea?aeaiey.
Naeaeee n ii?ieaie niaea?aeaiey i?eciathony iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie
aneaaenoaea ?anoiaeaeaiey oneiaee naeaeee n o?aaiaaieyie caeiia e
eiuo i?aaiauo aeoia. N?aaee ioaeaeueiuo ninoaaia iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo
naeaeie n ii?ieaie niaea?aeaiey neaaeoao iacaaoue naeaeee, niaa?oaaiua
n caaaaeiii i?ioeaiie iniiaai i?aaiii?yaeea e i?aanoaaiiinoe
(no.169 AE), a oaeaea iieiua e i?eoai?iua naeaeee (no.170 AE). In-
iiaaie i?aaiii?yaeea yaeythony onoaiiaeaiiua caeiiii aa?aioee ino-
uanoaeaiey noauaeoeaiuo i?aa e iaania/aiey no?iaiai eniieiaiey
th?eaee/aneeo iaycaiiinoae a a?aaeaeaineeo i?aaiioiioaieyo. I?eaaaeo
i?eia? iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeee, niaa?oaiiie n oeaeueth, i?ioeaiie
iniiaai i?aaiii?yaeea: Aaie a eeoea ?aaeiiaeueiiai ioaeaeaiey ia in-
iiaaiee caeeth/aiiiai e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a i?aaeinoaaee e?aaeeo OII.
A iaania/aiea aica?aoa e?aaeeoa OII caeiaeeei aaieo iaaacei “I?i-
aeoeou”, naeaeaoaeuenoaii /aai yaeyeny caeeth/aiiue iaaeaeo ieie aeiai-
ai? caeiaa. Aei enoa/aiey n?iea aeaenoaey aeiaiai?a caeiaa OII (i?i-
aeaaaoe) e i?aaei?eyoea (iieoiaoaeue) i?e o/anoee aaiea (caeiaiaea?aea-
oaey) caeeth/eee aeiaiai? eoiee-i?iaeaaee iaaaceia “I?iaeoeou” n onei-
aeai ia?a/eneaiey iieoiaoaeai noiiu iieoiee ia ?an/aoiuo n/aoao
aaiea e OII. A neo/aa caaea?aeee ieaoaaea iieoiaoaeue iaycuaaeny oi-
eaoeoue caeiaiaea?aeaoaeth oo?ao a ?acia?a 5% io noieiinoe iaaaceia
ca eaaeaeue aeaiue i?in?i/ee. Iaeiaei ia iiiaio caeeth/aiey oeacaiiuo
aeiaiai?ia caeiaa e eoiee-i?iaeaaee iaaacei “I?iaeoeou” iaoiaeeeny iiae
a?anoii ii ii?aaeaeaieth ?aeiiiiai ia?iaeiiai noaea a ea/anoaa ia?u
ii iaania/aieth enea a?aaeaeaieia E. e OII.
*a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy aaie ia?aoeeny a a?aeo?aaeiue noae n en-
eii i acuneaiee n i?iaeaaoea caaeieaeaiiinoe ii aeiaiai?o eoiee-i?iaea-
– 53 –
aee eiouanoaa e oo?aoa ca caaea?aeeo ia?a/eneaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe.
Oaeiaeaoai?ea eneiaua o?aaiaaiey aaiea, noae ieaeanoiyuae einoaioeee
iioeae?iaae naia ?aoaiea oai, /oi yoe o?aaiaaiey iniiaaiu a aeiai-
ai?iii iaycaoaeuenoaa ioaao/eea, i?aaeoniao?eaathuai eniieiaiea a
iieueco enooea. Iinoaiiaeaieai AAN io 17.12.96a.N3200/96 aeaiiia ?a-
oaiea auei ioiaiaii, iineieueeo ia iiiaio caeeth/aiey aeiaiai?ia ca-
eiaa e eoiee-i?iaeaaee iaaacei “I?iaeoeou” iaoiaeeeny iiae a?anoii e a
neeo no.134 AIE ?NON? ia iia yaeyoueny iauaeoii a?aaeaeainei-i?aai-
auo naeaeie.
Oaeei ia?acii , aeiaiai?u caeiaa e eoiee-i?iaeaaee auee i?ecia-
iu iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie ii no.169 AE.No.169 i?aaeoniao?eaaao,/oi ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiie yaeyaony oaeaea e naeaeea niaa?oaiiay n oeaeueth i?i-
oeaiie i?aanoaaiiinoe.
I?aanoaaiiinoue – yoi neiaeeaoaany a iauanoaa i?aaenoaaeaiea i
aeia?a e cea ni?aaaaeeeaii e aeieaeiiiy51y0.
A aeaiiii neo/aa ?a/ue eaeao ia iauanoaaiiie i?aanoaaiiinoe.
*oi eanaaony niaa?oaiey naeaeee, niaa?oaiiie n oeaeueth, i?ioea-
iie iniiaai i?aaiii?yaeea, oi caeanue eiathony aaeaeo naeaeee,
iiaeiaaea-
thuea iiae eaoaai?eth niaa?oaiiuo a i?ioeai?a/ee n ioaee/iui ii?yae-
eii a no?aia, n ia?ooaieai a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiauo ii?i-cai?aoia, au-
?aaeathueo iniiau iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee.
Iieiaeaiea no.169 i naeaeeao niaa?oaiiuo n oeaeueth, i?ioeaiie
iniiaai i?aanoaaiiinoe, yaeythony iiaiaaaaeaieai e, /oi eiae aaeaeo
caeiiiaeaoaeue, neacaoue o?oaeii, oae eae ioaeeeaoeee ii aeaiiiio aii?i-
no iao, aea e noaeaaiay i?aeoeea oiaea ionoonoaoao.
______________________
1. Eiiiaioa?ee e AE ?O. *anoe ia?aua (iinoaoaeiue) / Iiae
?aae. Naaeeeiaa I.I. – I., 1995. – N.37.
– 54 –
Nei?aa anaai ?a/ue eaeao i naeaeeao, eioi?ua ia?ooatho eiaiii
iniiaiua ia/aea i?aanoaaiiinoe,- yoi iiaoo auoue naeaeee, eanathuea-
ny naiaeiuo ioiioaiee, naycaiiuo n aeayoaeueiinoueth nooaia?ia, naeae-
ee, iai?aaeaiiua ia ia?aie/aiea eiouanoaa a?aaeaeai ii iaoeeiiaeueii-
io i?eciaeo.
Iia eaaeaony, /oi caeiiiaeaoaeue aue niaa?oaiii i?aa, cai?aoea
Oaaea?aeueiui Caeiiii “I o?ainieaioaoeee i?aaiia e (eee) oeaiae /a-
eiaaea”y51y0 eoieth-i?iaeaaeo oeaiae e i?aaiia /aeiaaea, a naii ecuyoea
ia?iuo i?aaiia o aeeaiai aeiii?a iinoaaee a no?aia ?aieo oneiaee
yoiai ecuyoey (co.1,11 oeacaiiiai caeiia) , oae eae iiaeiaiua
naeaeee i?ioeai?a/ao iauanoaaiiie i?aanoaaiiinoe.
No.169 AE eiaao aaeaeo ia ethaoth naeaeeo, ianiioaaonoaothuoth ca-
eiio, a oieueei oaeoth, eioi?ay niaa?oaia n oeaeueth caaaaeiii i?ioea-
iie iniiaai i?aaiii?yaeea e i?aanoaaiiinoe. Iie ia i?inoi ia?ooatho
caeii, a iinyaatho ia iniiau i?aaiii?yaeea eee i?aanoaaiiinoe aino-
aea?noaa e iauanoaa. I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi a iiaii AE (no.169) naii
iacaaiea naeaeie aeieaeii niaea?aeaoue oeacaiea ia oi, /oi ?a/ue eaeao
ia
iauanoaaiiie i?aanoaaiiinoe e eioa?anao ainoaea?noaa e iauanoaay52y0.
Iniiaaieai aeey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe oaeiai ?iaea naeaeee neoaeeo
oi, /oi eeoei aeaenoaiaaei oiuoeaiii. Iineaaenoaeai niaa?oaiey oaeie
naeaeee yaeythony aa ie/oiaeiinoue e acuneaiey a aeioiae ?O anaai, /oi
iieo/aii ii naeaeea (iaeei ec niiniaia iaaeiiouaiey ?anoeoooeee). Yoi
iineaaenoaea i?eiaiyaony a neo/aa, anee noi?iiaie naeaeea eniieiaia
___________________________
1.Aaaeiiinoe nuacaea ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia ?O e Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa
?O. – 1993. – N2.
2. AE ?NON? 1964 aiaea yoe naeaeee eiaiiaae eae naeaeee, ni-
aa?oaiiua n oeaeueth i?ioeaiie eioa?anai ainoaea?noaa e iauanoaa.
– 55 –
e iie oiuoeaiii.A neo/aa, anee naeaeea eniieiaia iaeiie noi?iiie,
oi n ae?oaie noi?iiu acuneeaaaony a aeioiae ?O ana iieo/aiiia ath e
ana i?e/eoaaoaany n iaa ia?aie noi?iia a aiciauaiea iieo/aiiiai.
I?e ionoonoaee oiunea o noi?iiu ae aica?auaaony i?iecaaaeai-
iia eniieiaiea, a iieo/aiiia ae?oaie noi?iiie eeai i?e/eoaaoaany
ae a aiciauaiea eniieiaiiiai acuneeaaaony a aeioiae ?O.
No.170 AE i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue iieiie e i?eo-
ai?iie naeaeie. Noaouey aaiaeeo iiiyoey “iieiie” e “i?eoai?iie”
naeaeee a nai oaeno noaouee, oiaaea eae no.5A AE 64a. niaea?aeeo yoe
oa?ieiu oieueei a caaieiaea.
Iieiie yaeyaony naeaeea, niaa?oaiiay eeoue aeey aeaea, aac iaia-
?aiey nicaeaoue niioaaonoaothuea iineaaenoaey. A aeaiiuo naeaeeao eiaao
ianoi oieueei aieaecuyaeaiea, a iniiaa eioi?iai iao aiee niaa?oeoue
aeaiioth naeaeeo eia/a, eae oieueei aeey aeaea. Iniiaiui i?eciaeii aeai-
iie naeaeee yaeyaony ionoonoaea o noi?ii iaia?aiey nicaeaoue i?aai-
ioiioaiey, niioaaonoaothuea caeeth/aiiiio aeiaiai?o.
Iieiie aoaeao, iai?eia?, naeaeea eoiee-i?iaeaaee aeeeiai aeiia,
anee yoio aeii inoaeny ai aeaaeaiee i?iaeaaoea, a ec ianoiyoaeuenoa
aeaea aeaeii, /oi noi?iiu i?eneaaeiaaee oeaeue aini?aiyonoaiaaoue ia?a-
uaieth acuneaiey ia aeii e?aaeeoi?aie aeieaeieea.
Aeaiiay naeaeea ie/oiaeia. Iineaaenoaeai niaa?oaiey aeaiiuo naea-
eie yaeyaony aeaonoi?iiiyy ?anoeoooeey.
I.2y5 y0no.170 i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue i?eoai?iie
naeaeee.
I?eoai?iay naeaeea anoue naeaeea, eioi?ay niaa?oaia n oeaeueth
i?ee?uoue ae?oaoth naeaeeo.
I?eoai?iay naeaeea niaa?oaaony eeoue aeey aeaea n oeaeueth nicaeaoue
o ie?oaeathueo iai?aaeeueiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i aeaenoaeoaeueiuo acaeii-
– 56 –
ioiioaieyo noi?ii ii naeaeea.
Caeanue eiaao ianoi aieaecuyaeaiea, iai?aaeaiiia ia aeinoeaeaiea
ii?aaeaeaiiiai i?aaiaiai ?acoeueoaoa, ii a oiaea a?aiy noi?iiu aeiai-
aa?eaathony ia eiuo i?aaiauo iineaaenoaeyo, iaaeaee oa, eioi?ua nia-
eanii caeiio yaeythony ?acoeueoaoii aeaiiiai aieaecuyaeaiey.
I?eia?ii i?eoai?iie naeaeee yaeythony iieo/eaoea aeiaieueii oe-
?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea naeaeee eoiee-i?iaeaaee aaoiiaoei,eioi?ua
ioi?ieythony eae ia?aaea/a ai a?aiaiiia aacaiciacaeiia iieueciaaiea
eee iooai auaea/e aeiaa?aiiinoe. Yoi aeaeaaony iau/ii aeey oiai, /oi-
au ecaaaeaoue iaiaoiaeeiinoe ieaoeoue i?e/eoathuothny ca niaa?oaiea
naeaeee eoiee-i?iaeaaee aaoiiaoeiu ainoaea?noaaiioth iioeeio.
E naeaeea, eioi?ay i?ee?uaaeanue i?eoai?iie naeaeeie e eioi?oth
noi?iiu aeaenoaeoaeueii eiaee a aeaeo, i?eiaiythony i?aaeea, ioiiny-
ueany e yoie naeaeea. Yoi icia/aao,/oi naeaeea, caeeth/aiiay i?eo-
ai?ii n oeaeueth i?ee?uoue ae?oaoth naeaeeo, ai aieiaiea ia i?eieiaaony,
i?eciaaony ie/oiaeiie.
A aeaiiii neo/aa naeaeea naea/e a aacaiciacaeiia iieueciaaiea ao-
aeao i?eciaia iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie, a e ioiioaieyi noi?ii aoaeoo i?eia-
iyoueny ii?iu i eoiea-i?iaeaaea.
I?ee?uaaaiay naeaeea iiaeao auoue aeaenoaeoaeueiie, ii /aua anaai
aeaiiay naeaeea yaeyaony iacaeiiiie.
.
– 57 –
y2AEAAA III.I?IOeANNOAEUeIUA INIAAIIINOE E I?AAIAUA IINEAAeNOAEss
y2I?ECIAIEss NAeAEIE IAAeAENOAEOAEUeIUIE
I?eciaiea naeaeie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie eiaao naie i?ioeannoaeueiua
iniaaiiinoe. Oae o?aaiaaiea i i?eciaiee naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie
iiaoo i?aaeuyaeoue eeoea, oeacaiiua a no. 171-179 AE.
Ia?auaiea a noae n o?aaiaaieai i i?eciaiee inii?eiie naeaeee
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie e i i?eiaiaiee iineaaenoaee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie
naeaeee, eae inii?eiie, oae e ie/oiaeiie, iiaeao auoue inouanoaeaii a
i?aaeaeao n?iea eneiaie aeaaiinoe. Inii?eiay naeaeea iiaeao auoue
i?eciaia noaeii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie a oa/aiee iaeiiai aiaea ni aeiy,
eiaaea eeoei ociaei eee aeieaeii auei ociaoue ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao, ya-
eythueony iniiaaieai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeee. Yoi iauee ii?yaeie
ia/aea oa/aiey n?iea eneiaie aeaaiinoe. Aeey naeaeie, niaa?oaiiuo
iiae aeeyieai ianeeey eee oa?icu, caeii onoaiaaeeaaao niaoeeaeueiue
ii?yaeie en/eneaiey n?iea eneiaie aeaaiinoe, aa oa/aiea ia/eiaaony
ni aeiy, eiaaea i?ae?aoeeinue aeaenoaea ianeeey eee oa?icu (i.2 no.
181 AE). Eiaeea caeiiiaeaoaey aiieia iiiyoia: iineieueeo ianeeea
eee oa?ica ieacaee noieue neeueiia aeeyiea, /oi i?eaaee e caeeth/a-
ieth naeaeee, oi aaeaa ee iiaeii ?ann/eouaaoue, /oi a?aaeaeaiei
?aoeoueny
inii?eoue yoo naeaeeo a ia?eiae, iiea ianeeea eee oa?ica i?iaeieaeatho
naia aeaenoaea. A i?aaeaeao oiai aea aiaee/iiai n?iea iiaeao auoue ca-
yaeaii e o?aaiaaiea i i?eiaiaiee iineaaenoaee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe
inii?eiie naeaeee. A niioaaonoaee n Oaaea?aeueiui Caeiiii “I aaaaea-
iee a aeaenoaea /anoe ia?aie AE ?Oy51y0 aeeth/ee e aeaaa 9 “Naeaeee”
ia?aoiaeioth ii?io aeey noaoae, i?aaeoniao?eaathueo iniiaaiey e
________________________
y51y0. I?eiyo Ain. Aeoiie 21 ieoya?y 1994 aiaea.
– 58 –
iineaaenoaey i?eciaiey naeaeie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie (no. 162, 165-180
AE).” Niune aeaiiie ii?iu ninoieo a oii, /oi oeacaiiua noaouee i?e-
iaiythony e naeaeeai, o?aaiaaiey i i?eciaiee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie e
iineaaenoaey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe eioi?uo ?anniao?eaathony noaeii iin-
ea 1 yiaa?y 1995 aiaea, iacaaeneii io a?aiaie niaa?oaiey niioaaon-
oaothueo naeaeie. Yoi icia/aao, /oi ?aoathuaa cia/aiea eiaao iiiaio
?anniio?aiey aeaea a noaea, a ia a?aiaie niaa?oaiey naeaeee.
A niioaaonoaee n i.1 no.181 AE n?ie eneiaie aeaaiinoe ii o?a-
aiaaieth i i?eiaiaiee iineaaenoaee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ie/oiaeiie
naeaeee ninoaaeyao aeanyoue eao. Ii ia/eiaao oa/ue ni aeiy, eiaaea ia-
/aeinue eniieiaiea naeaeee iaeiie ec noi?ii, a anee noi?iiu ia/aee
eniieiyoue naeaeeo iaeiia?aiaiii, oi ni aeiy, eiaaea ia/aeinue yoi en-
iieiaiea.
I?eciaiea naeaeie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie naycaii n ono?aiaieai oao
eiouanoaaiiuo iineaaenoaee, eioi?ua aicieeee a ?acoeueoaoa eo en-
iieiaiey. No.167 / AE cae?aieyao iauea iieiaeaiey i iineaaenoaeyo
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeee. Niaeanii aeaiiie noaouea naeaeea ia aea-
/ao th?eaee/aneeo iineaaenoaee e?iia oao, eioi?ua naycaiu n aa ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth, e naeaeea n/eoaaony iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie ia n ii-
iaioa onoaiiaeaiey eee i?eciaiey yoiai oaeoa noaeii, a n iiiaioa
aa niaa?oaiey. Iiyoiio i?aaiaua iineaaenoaey aeaiiie naeaeee i?eia-
iythony e aeaenoaeyi o/anoieeia naeaeee, i?iecaaaeaiiui n iiiaioa aa
niaa?oaiey aei auianaiey noaeii niioaaonoaothuaai ?aoaiey, e iiaoo
?ani?ino?aiyoueny ia aeaenoaey, eioi?ua aua ia i?iecaaaeaiu iaeiei ec
o/anoieeia naeaeee.
Caeii aeaeaao eneeth/aiea aeey inii?eiie naeaeee, (i.3 no.167
AE):, anee ec niaea?aeaiey inii?eiie naeaeee auoaeaao, /oi iia iiaeao
auoue i?ae?auaia eeoue ia aoaeouaa a?aiy. Noae, auiiny ?aoaiea i aa
– 59 –
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, i?ae?auaao aa aeaenoaea ia aoaeouaa a?aiy. A
niioaaonoaee n AE iiaeii auaeaeeoue 4 a?oiiu i?aaiauo iineaaenoaee:
1). Iauei i?aaeeii yaeyaony aica?ao noi?ii a oi eiouanoaai-
iia iieiaeaiea, eioi?ia eiaei ianoi aei eniieiaiey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie
naeaeee. Eaaeaeay ec noi?ii iaycaia aica?aoeoue ae?oaie noi?iia ana
iieo/aiiia ii iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie naeaeea. Oaeie aica?ao noi?ii a
ia?aiia/aeueiia iieiaeaiea iacuaaaony aeaoonoi?iiiae ?anoeoooeeae.
2). Iineaaenoaeai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeie yaeyaony oaeaea
iaeiinoi?iiiyy ?anoeoooeey, i?e eioi?ie iaeia ec noi?ii aica?auaao
iieo/aiiia ath ii naeaeea ae?oaie noi?iia, a oa ia?aaeaao ana, /oi
iieo/eea eee aeieaeia auea iieo/eoue ii naeaeea, a aeioiae ?O.
3). AE a ea/anoaa iaeiiai ec iineaaenoaee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe
naeaeie i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaaeiiouaiea ?anoeoooeee.
Iaaeiiouaiea ?anoeoooeee icia/aao, /oi ana, /oi iaa noi?iiu
iieo/eee eee aeieaeiu auee iieo/eoue ii naeaeea, acuneeaaaony a aeioiae
?O.
?acee/ey iaaeaeo iineaaenoaeyie iiaeii i?ieeethno?e?iaaoue ia i?e-
ia?a eoiee-i?iaeaaee caiaeueiiai o/anoea n ia?ooaieai onoaiiaeaiiuo
o?aaiaaiee. I?e i?eiaiaiee aeaoonoi?iiiae ?anoeoooeee i?iaeaaaoe ii-
eo/aao ia?aoii caiaeueiue o/anoie, ii aica?auaao iieoiaoaeth iieo-
/aiioth ca o/anoie noiio. I?e iaeiinoi?iiiae ?anoeoooeee a neo/ayo,
eiaaea iniiaaieai i?eciaiey naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie iineoaeeee iai-
?aaeeueiua aeaenoaey i?iaeaaoea, iineaaeiee aica?auaao iieoiaoaeth oi-
ea/aiiua ca caieth aeaiueae, a iieoiaoaeue ia?aaeaao a aeioiae ?O ca-
iaeueiue o/anoie. Iaeiiaoe, anee ii ianoiyoaeuenoaai aeaea eneeth/aao-
ny ?anoeoooeey aeey iaaeo noi?ii, i?iaeaaaoe ia?aaeaao a aeioiae ?O
aeaiueae, eioi?ua oaea oniae iieo/eoue, a iieoiaoaeue – i?eia?aoaiiue
ei caiaeueiue o/anoie (anee ii ca iaai ia ?ann/eoaeny, oi e inoaa-
– 60 –
oothny e iieaoa noiio) a athaeaeao ?O.
Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi AE (no.167) i?aaeoniao?eaaao o?e iaueo
iineaaenoaey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeie, i?eiaiythony e niaoeeaeueiua
a aeaea aiceiaeaiey iaycaiiinoe aicianoeoue oua?a, iiianaiiue iaeiie
ec noi?ii aneaaenoaea caeeth/aiey e eniieiaiey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie
naeaeee. Aiciauaiea oauoeia eae i?aaiaia iineaaenoaea iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiinoe naeaeee i?aaeoniao?eaaaony eeoue niaoeeaeueiuie ii?iaie (no.
171, 178, 179 AE ?O). ?aoaiea noaea i oii, eaeia ec ia?a/eneaiiuo
iineaaenoaee aeieaeii niioonoaiaaoue i?eciaieth naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeue-
iie caaeneo a eiia/iii eoiaa io oiai, eaeia ec o?aaiaaiee caeiia
ieacaeinue ia?ooaiiui. No. 180 AE i?aaeoniao?eaaao iineaaenoaey ia-
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe /anoe naeaeie. *anoue naeaeee – yoi iaeii eee ian-
eieueei aa oneiaee, aac eioi?uo naeaeea n/eoaaony niaa?oaiiiey51y0.
No.180 AE niaea?aeeo iauoth i?acoiioeeth, a neeo eioi?ie iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueiinoue /anoe naeaeee naia ii naaa ia i?aiyonoaoao i?eciaieth
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeee a oeaeii. A yoii niunea iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue
/anoe naeaeee “enoeaeeia”. Oae, ianiaethaeaiea onoaiiaeaiiie oi?iu
niaeaoaiey ii oneiaeyi naeaeee (iai?eia?, i caeiaa), yaeyaony in-
iiaaieai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe yoie /anoe naeaeee i?e nio?aiaiee in-
oaeueiie /anoe. Iaeiaei i?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue aaeaeo, /oi ai
anao oaeeo neo/ayo “enoeaeaiea” iiaeao i?ienoiaeeoue eeoue iooai ene-
eth/aiey ec naeaeee iaaeaenoaeoaeueiiai oneiaey, ii ia aai caiaiu. Ii
yoie i?e/eia, anee iao iniiaaiey i?aaeiieaaaoue, /oi naeaeea iiaea
au auoue caeeth/aia e aac oaeiai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiiai oneiaey, aicii-
aeai oieueei iaeei aa?eaio: iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue anae naeaeee.
_________________________
1.Eiiiaioa?ee e AE ii ?aaeaeoeeae Naaeeeiaa I.I. – N.87.
.
– 61 –
y2CAEETH*AIEA
Ia iniiaaiee auoaeceiaeaiiiai iiith naeaeaiu neaaeothuea auaiaeu:
1). N/eoath oeaeaniia?aciui cae?aieoue a AE ?O neaaeothuaa iiiy-
oea naeaeee: naeaeea – anoue y_i?aaiia?iiay. o.a. aeicaieaiiia caeiiii
aieaaia aeaenoaea, niaa?oaaiia a?aaeaeaiaie e th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie,
iai?aaeaiiua ia onoaiiaeaiea eciaiaiey eee i?ae?auaiey a?aaeaeain-
eeo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae.
2). Ii iiaio, iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?anniao?eaaoue ?aaeno?aoeeth
naeaeie eae iaeio ec noaaeee caeeth/aiey naeaeie. Ia iie acaeyae, ?a-
aeno?aoeeth naeaeie neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue eae o?aaiaaiea e caeiiiin-
oe niaa?oaaiie naeaeee.
3). Ii iiaio, iaiaoiaeeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue ia oneiaey iaaeaen-
oaeoaeueiinoe naeaeie, a auaeaeyoue ioaeaeueiua aeaeu iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo
naeaeie. Iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea a?oiiu iaaeaenoae-
oaeueiinoe naeaeie:
Ia?aue aeae iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie ninoaaeytho naeaeee n ii?i-
eaie a noauaeoa.
Aoi?ie aeae iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie ninoaaeytho naeaeee n ii?i-
eaie oi?iu.
O?aoee aeae iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie ninoaaeytho naeaeee n ii?i-
eaie oi?iu.
*aoaa?oue aeae iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo naeaeie ninoaaeytho naeaeee n
ii?ieaie aiee.
4). N/eoath, /oi neaaeoao ooi/ieoue iacaaiea noaouee 189 AE. Iii
aeieaeii cao/aoue oae: iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeee, niaa?oaiiie n
oeaeueth, i?ioeaiie iniiaai i?aaiii?yaeea e iauanoaaiiie i?aanoaai-
iinoe.
– 62 –
5). Aiaeec iiaiai AE iicaieyao auaeaeeoue 4 a?oiiu i?aaiauo
iineaaenoaee i?eciaiey iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoe naeaeie, a ia 3, eae i?e-
iyoi a th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a. A eiaiii:
aeaonoi?iiiyy ?anoeoooeey;
iaeiinoi?iiiyy ?anoeoooeey;
iaaeiiouaiea ?anoeoooeee;
aiciauaiea oauoeia( a ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai i?aai-
aiai iineaaenoaey).
6). N/eoath, /oi oaia “Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie” ioaeaeaaony a
aieaa iiae?iaiie ?aaeaiaioaoeee, o.e. iao oai?aoe/aneeo ?ac?aaioie
ii aeaiiie oaia, a noaoae, ioiinyueony e aeaiiie oaia i?aeoe/anee
iao.
7). Iiieii anaai i?i/aai, o?aaoaony i?eaaaeaiea i?aeoeee a
niioaaonoaea n aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
A ?aaioa auee naeaeaiu e iaeioi?ua ae?oaea auaiaeu e i?aaeeiaeaiey.
.
– 63 –
2II?IAOEAIUE IAOA?EAE E NOAeAAIAss I?AEOEEA.
1. Eiinoeoooeey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. – I.,1995. – 61 n.
2.A?aaeaeaineee eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. – I., 1995.-176n.
3. A?aaeaeaineee eiaeaen ?NON?. – I., 1979. – 124 n.
4. Naiaeiue eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee //?in. aac. – 1996.
– 27 yiaa?y
5. Oaieiaiue eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee – I., 1996. 188 n.
6. I oainieaioaoeee i?aaiia e (eee) oeaiae /aeiaaea: Oaaea-
?aeueiue caeii io 22 aeaeaa?y 1992 a. // Aaaeiiinoe Nuacaea ia?iaeiuo
aeaiooaoia e Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. – 1993.- N2. –
No.62.
7. I noaeaaiie nenoaia a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee: Oaaea?aeueiue
caeii io 23 ieoya?y 1996 a. // ?in. aac. – 1997. – 6 yiaa?y.
8. I ii?yaeea iioaeeeiaaiey e anooieaiey a neeo aeoia I?ace-
aeaioa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee:
Oeac I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io 26 ia?oa 1991 a. // Nia-
?aiea aeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. – 1992. – N1 – No.1 1993. – N17
no. – 1453.
9. I ii?iaoeaiuo aeoao oeaio?aeueiuo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiiai
oi?aaeaiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee: Oeac I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie Oaaea-
?aoeee io 21 yiaa?y 1993 a. // Nia?aiea aeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
– 1993. – N4 – No.301.
10. Iieiaeaiea i eeoeaice?iaaiee ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe:
Ooaa?aeaeaii Iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io
24 aeaeaa?y 1994 a. N1418 // Nia?aiea Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee. – 1995. – N1. – No.69.
11. I iaeioi?uo aii?inao, naycaiiuo n i?eiaiaieai /anoe ia?-
– 64 –
aie A?aaeaeaineiai eiaeaena ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee: Iinoaiiaeaiea Iea-
ioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e Ieaioia Aunoaai A?-
aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io 1 ethey 1996 a. // Atheea-
oaiue Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. – 1996. – N9. – No.6.
12. Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?in-
neeneie Oaaea?aoeee io 26 ia?oa 1996 a. N7435/95 // Aanoiee Aunoaai
A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O – 1996 a. – N7. – N.35.
13. Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O io
1 ieoya?y 1996 aiaea N 1129/96 (ecaea/aiey) // Aanoiee Aunoaai A?-
aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O. – 1997. – N1. – n.62-63.
14. Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O io
12 iiya?y 1996 a. N2808/96 (ecaea/aiey) // Aanoiee Aunoaai A?aeo-
?aaeiiai Noaea ?O. – 1997. – N2. – N.46-47.
15. Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O io
3 oaa?aey 1996 aiaea N1373/96 (ecaea/aiey) // Aanoiee Aunoaai A?-
aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O. – 1997. – N1. – N.71.
16. Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O io
17 ia?oa 1996 a. N1294/96 // Aanoiee Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea
?O. – 1996. – N6. – N.52.
17. Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O io
23 ethey 1996 a. N3782/96 // Aanoiee Aunoaai A?aeo?aaeiiai Noaea ?O.
– 1996. – N9. – N.63.
18. A?oea ai?iaeneiai noaea a. Aeueoea Eeiaoeeie iaeanoe ca
1995-1998 aa.
19. A?oea ?aeiiiiai noaea a. Aeueoea Eeiaoeeie iaeanoe ca
1995-1998 aa.
– 65 –
2NIAOeEAEUeIAss EEOA?AOO?A
1. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai ANN?. – O.1 – Ieine, 1975. – 437 n.
2. A?aaeaeaineee eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Eiiiaioa?ee /an-
oe ia?aie. ?aaeaeoeey aeo?iaea “Oicyenoai e i?aai”. Oe?ia “Nia?e”. –
I.,1995. – 597 n.
3. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai. A 2-o oiiao. O/aaiee iiae ?aae. Nooaiiaa
A.A. – O.1. – I.,1993. – 384 n.
4. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai ?innee. Eo?n eaeoeee. *anoue ia?aay / Iiae
?aae. Naaeeeiaa I.I. – I.,1996. – 304 n.
5. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai /Iiae ?aae. Oienoiai TH.E., Na?aaaaa A.I.
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, 1996. – 552 n.
6. A?aaeaeaineia i?aai. Neiaa?ue ni?aai/iee / Iiae ?aae. Oeoiie-
?iaa I. – I. 1996. – 575n.
7. Eiooa I.N. Iaycaoaeueiia i?aai. – I., 1975. – 880 n.
8. Eiooa I.N. ?acaeoea oeeaeeenoe/aneie iunee a NNN? (/anoue
II). – EAO, 1978. – 172 n.
9. Eiooa I.N. Niaaoneia a?aaeaeaineia i?aai. Eo?n eaeoeee. –
EAO, 1958. – 415 n.
10. Eiiiaioa?ee e a?aaeaeaineiio eiaeaeno ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
*anoe ia?aie (iinoaoaeiue) / Ioaaonoaaiiue ?aae. Naaeeeia I.I. –
I., 1995. – 448 n.
11. Eiiiaioa?ee e A?aaeaeaineiio eiaeaeno. Iiaue A?aaeaeaineee
eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. E?aoeee iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneee eiiiai-
oa?ee / Ioaaonoaaiiua ?aae. Aaiaaa A.I., Cei/aiei N.A., Eoeueyioeaa
A.A. – ?inoia-ia-Aeiio, 1995. – 373 n.
12. Eiiiaioa?ee e Oaieiaiiio eiaeaeno ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee /
Iiae ?aae. Iaoiiaa A.A. – I., 1996. – 823 n.
13. Iiaeoeeee E.A. ?eineia i?aai. – I., 1995. – 245 n.
– 66 –
yo1.8
14. Iiaeoeeee E.A. Naeaeee. Eneiaay aeaaiinoue. – I., 1954. –
209 n.
15. I?aaiceoo A.A. Aiey e aieaecuyaeaiea. – Aeooaiaa, 1983. –
395 n.
16. I?aaei?eieiaoaeueneia i?aai. Eo?n eaeoeee / Iiae ?aae. Eeaei
I.E. – I., 1993. – 480 n.
17. ?aaeiiae/ I.A. Iaaeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naeaeie e aa iineaaen-
oaey. – EAO, 1960. – 247 n.
18. ?iiaiaieia I.N. Naeaeee e ?uiie. Niaaou th?enoa. // Oaia-
oe/aneee auione. – I., 1994. – N. 6-9.
19. Naaoeaieia N.?. Iieiua naeaeee. // Yeiiiieea e aeeciue. –
1996. – N49.
20. Naeaeee. Iiiyoea, aeaeu e oi?iu (eiiiaioa?ee e iiaiio
A?aaeaeaineiio eiaeaeno ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee). I?aaiaua ii?iu i
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa. // Atheeaoaiue. – I., 1995. – N2. – N. 66-83.
21. Niaaoneia a?aaeaeaineia i?aai. *anoue 1. – I.,1986.-354 n.
22. Niaaoneia a?aaeaeaineia i?aai. *anoue ia?aay. Aoi?ia ecaea-
iea / Iiae ?aae. Ianeiaa A.O., Iooeeia A.A. – Eeaa, 1983. – 318 n.
23. Niaaoneia a?aaeaeaineia i?aai: O/aaiee / Iiae ?aae. E?anaa-
/eeiaa I.A. – O.1. – I.,1967. – 415 n.
24. Niaaoneia a?aaeaeaineia i?aai. / Ioa.?aae. Naaeeeia I.I. –
I., 1983. – 464 n.
25. Oeuaaiia Y. Noae iicaaee, ii i?iaeaiu inoaeenue. // Yeiiiie-
ea e aeeciue. – 1996. – N18.
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eaiiua eie iineaaenoaey. – Oiine, 1967. – 289 n.
27. Yeaeeiiaa Y.A. Naeaeee a iioa?eaeueiie e noaeaaiie i?aeoe-
ea.- I.,1981. – 118 n.
28. Yeiiiieei-i?aaiaie atheeaoaiue AEAeE // Yeiiiieea e aeeciue.
Oaiaoe/aneee auione. – I.,1993. – N27. – N.35-40.
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