IIOEAAOeEss OA??I?ECIA
1. Ee/iinoue oa??i?enoa. Ia?oeenneci e a?oiiiaua aeeyiey
E niaeaeaieth, a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ionoonoaotho ?acaa?iooua oa?aeoa?enoeee
ee/iinoe oa??i?enoa ia aeinoaoi/ii ?ai?acaioaoeaiii o?iaia. Iiyoiio iu
iiaeai ?aniieaaaoue eeoue ioaeaeueiuie, aeaaea ?ac?iciaiiuie naaaeaieyie
ii yoiio iiaiaeo, eiathuaio aanueia aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey iiieiaiey
iioeaaoeee oa??i?ecia.
E.A. Eeiaea? e N.A. Oeoeia i?eaiaeyo iaeioi?ua eioa?aniua naaaeaiey i
ee/iinoe oa??i?enoa, ii, e niaeaeaieth, ia oeacuaatho, ec eaeeo
enoi/ieeia, eai e eaeeie iaoiaeaie iie iieo/aiu. Iie n/eoatho
aeieacaiiui, /oi aieueoay /anoue oa??i?enoia – ethaee, iaaeaeaiiua a
aeaonoaa iaoa?eineei aieiaieai. O ieo i/aiue /anoi ano?a/athony
caaieaaaiey n?aaeiaai ooa. Anoue ii?aaeaeaiiua caeiiiia?iinoe:
iaaeinoaoi/iia ?acaeoea, aeaoneee o?aaiaoeci, eaeea-oi (?) a?iaeaeaiiua
caaieaaaiey. *anoue ec ieo ethaee n y?ei au?aaeaiiui aeaoaeoii ee/iinoe,
iiiaea aea – aaniethoii aaeaeaaoiua, oi?ioi caeaiooee?iaaiiua ethaee n
aeoa?neeie aeaiiuie. Anoue oaeea, eioi?ua «aieueiu» naa?oeaeaae e
iniciaiii eaeoo ia niaa?oaiea oa??i?enoe/aneiai aeoa, i?ae?anii
iniciaaay ana aai iineaaenoaey aeey naay. Oeacaiiua aaoi?u aeoeaioe?otho
aieiaiea ia oii, /oi n?aaee oa??i?enoia iiiai eeoe, eioi?ua a aeaonoaa,
iieiaeinoe iiaeaa?aaeenue oieaeaieyi, ia iiaee naiiooaa?aeeoueny. Iioii,
aueaey ia neaaeothuee o?iaaiue ?acaeoey, iie iiiyee, /oi iiaoo
ioiinoeoue, i?e/ai ia oieueei naiei iaeae/eeai, ii e anaio iauanoao. Yoi
ethaee, eioi?ua ia niiaee ?aaeeciaaoue naie eaeae. Oaeia iieiaeaiea
aucuaaao iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue e aeaeaiea ethaui niiniaii
naiiooaa?aeeoueny, aeieacaoue naia «ss». *aeiaae iiae/an ia iniciaao,
/oi ia iia ?aaeeciaaoue yoi a naia a?aiy ia iioiio, /oi aio ia aeaee, a
iioiio, /oi ii aiiaua ia iia yoiai naeaeaoue – aio yoi auei ia aeaii. Ii
ii ia iiaeao eee ia oi/ao naaa a yoii i?eciaoueny. Aio eaaeaony, /oi
iauanoai iaaeiioeaieei, iai?aaeeueii iaioeinue n iei. E aeinoaoi/ii
/anoi oaeea ?annoaeaeaiey eiatho iiae niaie ii/ao.
I/aiue iiiaea oa??i?enou – yoi ethaee, eioi?ua a naia a?aiy, aunooiay ca
eaeea-oi i?aaa e naiaiaeu, auee inoaeaeaiu ainoaea?noaii, aua?ioaiu,
iinoaaeaiu ca /a?oo caeiia, e aeey ieo oa??i?eci noaiiaeony nioeeaeueiie
ianoueth yoiio ainoaea?noao. Yoi ethaee, oi?ioi iioeae?iaaiiua, oa aea,
eioi?ua ai?thony n oa??i?eciii, /anoi iioeae?iaaiu ooaea e iiaeaa?aeaiu
o?ono?aoeeyi. O?ono?aoeey o iineaaeieo naycaia n iaaeinoaoeii
iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa e ?eneii.
Aieueoeinoai oa??i?enoia (ii aeaiiui E.A. Eeiaea?a e N.A. Oeoeiaa)
ninoaaeytho ioae/eiu, oioy iiiai e aeaiuei, ?ieue eioi?uo a
oa??i?enoe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeeyo i/aiue auniea. N ia/aea oa??i?ecia a
?innee XIX aaea aeaiueiai a iai ioaiaeeeanue aaaeiay ?ieue, iiiaea auee
eaeaieiaaie, naie inouanoaeyee oa??i?enoe/aneea aeou. Oaeea
oa??i?enoe/aneea i?aaiecaoeee, eae E?eaiaeneay ?aaiethoeeiiiay a?iey,
E?aniua a?eaaaeu, eaoeiiaia?eeaineea a?oiiu e o.ae., aeoeaii
eniieuecotho aeaiuei a aaaioo?iuo e aiaauo oeaeyo1.
Ii aeaiiui Aeae. Iionoa, oa??i?enou ia iiiaaeatho a niaoeeoe/aneoth
aeeaaiinoeei-ineoeao?e/aneoth eaoaai?eth. Oioy aue onoaiiaeai iaeioi?ue
?yae io ii?iaeueiiai oeia aei ineoiiaoa, aieueoay /anoue n?aaieoaeueiuo
enneaaeiaaiee ia iaia?oaeeea ieeaeie yaiie ineoe/aneie iaii?iaeueiinoe a
aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa. Oai ia iaiaa, eiaeeaeaeu ni niaoeeoe/aneie
ee/iinoiie i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoueth noaiiayony ia iooue oa??i?ecia.
Noyeeaieae iaaethaeae cia/eoaeueioth aeieth iceiaeaiiuo ia?aiieyeueiuo
eiaeeaeaeia n?aaee /eaiia oa??i?enoe/aneeo a?oii. Iauay /a?oa iiiaeo
oa??i?enoia – oaiaeaioeey e yenoa?iaeecaoeee, iieneo aiaia enoi/ieeia
ee/iuo i?iaeai. Oioy yoa /a?oa ia yaeyaony yaii ia?aiieyeueiie, eiaao
ianoi naa?onin?aaeioi/aiiinoue ia caueoa «ss» iooai i?iaeoeee. Ae?oaea
oa?aeoa?iua /a?ou – iinoiyiiay iai?iieoaeueiay aioiaiinoue, /?acia?iay
iiaeiuaiiinoue niaie e iacia/eoaeueiia aieiaiea e /oanoaai ae?oaeo. Ia
iniiaa ineoiaeeiaie/anee i?eaioe?iaaiiuo eioa?aueth n iaaieueoie a?oiiie
caoaa/aiiuo oa??i?enoia ec O?aeoeee E?aniie A?iee (?AO) Aieeeiaa?
iaia?oaeee ineoiaeeiaieeo, noiaeioth n oie, eioi?ay auea iaia?oaeaia a
neo/ayo, iia?aie/iuo n ia?oeenne/aneeie. Iniaia aia/aoeaiea ia iaai
i?iecaaea enoi?ey ia?oeenne/aneeo o?aai, eioi?ua aaaeoo e
iaaeinoaoi/iiio /oanoao naiioaaaeaiey e iaaaeaeaaoiie eioaa?aoeee
ee/iinoe. Oa??i?enou, eioi?uo ii eioa?auethe?iaae, iaia?oaeeee /a?ou
?anuaieaiey, oa?aeoa?iua aeey eiaeeaeaeia n ia?oeenne/aneie e
iia?aie/iie ee/iinoueth. Ii auyaee, /oi iie iouaieytho ieceiioeaieaaaiua
/anoe naieo naay e i?iaoee?otho eo ia enoaaeeoiaio, eioi?ue yaeyaony
oa?icie aeey eo aa?anneaiinoe. Eiaeeaeaeu, aioaaeoea a oa??i?enoe/aneea
a?oiiu, ?ae?ooe?othony ec anao i?ioannee, ec anao neiaa iauanoaa. Iie
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie naiua ?aciiia?aciua eoeueoo?u e iaoeeiiaeueiinoe,
iiaeaea?aeeaatho oe?ieee niaeo? eaeaieiae/aneeo iai?aaeaiee.
Ee/iinoiua iniaaiiinoe oa??i?enoia aoaeoo caiaoii ?acieoueny a
caaeneiinoe io eiie?aoiiai aeaea oa??i?enoe/aneie aeoeaiinoe.
Iieeoe/aneea e «eaeaaeenoe/aneea» oa??i?enou caiaoii ioee/athony io
iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneeo, ?aeeaeiciuo e oai aieaa e?eieiaeueiuo. Iaeiaei ia
neaaeoao aeoiaoue, /oi niaoeeoeea eaaeaeiai iaeiicia/ii yanoaaiia, /oi
ethaie, e i?eia?o, iieeoe/aneee oa??i?eno aieaa ?acaeo e eioaeeaeooaeai,
/ai iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneee, o/anoaothuee a ?acaieie/uee-ono?aoathuai iaaaaa
ia ninaaeiee ia?iae. Eiia/ii, nia?aiaiiue iieeoe/aneee oa??i?eno
aeieaeai auoue aieaa ia?aciaai, oaeoe/anee e oaoie/anee iiaeaioiaeai,
/ai ethaie ae?oaie, iniaaiii anee ii aeaenoaoao a a?oiia, nicaeaiiie,
iniauaiiie e iiaeaea?aeeaaaiie oioaeeoa?iui ainoaea?noaii. Ii ia
eaaeaeue aeaaea iieeoe/aneee yeno?aieno aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue iacaaiiuie
ea/anoaaie, oiaoue i?ioanneiiaeueii aiaeece?iaaoue eioi?iaoeeth,
i?iaiice?iaaoue e ieaie?iaaoue naie e /oaeea aeaenoaey – ii iiaeao auoue
e i?inoui eniieieoaeai. Aeaaea ?oeiaiaeeoaee iieeoe/aneeo
oa??i?enoe/aneeo a?oii aoaeoo nouanoaaiii ioee/aoueny ae?oa io ae?oaa a
caaeneiinoe io eaeaieiae/aneie iniiau naiaai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, ninoaaa
a?oiiu, ianooaaa e oeaeae aa aeaenoaee, oaoie/aneie iniauaiiinoe,
eiie?aoiuo oeaeae e o.ae.
Oa??i?eci, ii iiaieth A.A.Aeothea, iie?aaony ia ecaa/iua naienoaa
/aeiaa/aneie iaoo?u, eioi?ua aeiieie?otho a ineoieiaee e ii?aaeaeytho
iaioaeeoao ia i/aiue aieueoie a?oiiu eeoe, ii a oie eee eiie ia?a
i?enoue iiiaei, anee ia anai ethaeyi. Aioiaiinoue e ianeeeth aiiaua e
oa??i?enoe/aneiio, a /anoiinoe, ei?iyie ooiaeeo a i?aaie/anee i?enouoth
/aeiaaeo neeiiiinoue e aa?anneaiinoe e ?ac?ooeoaeueiui einoeieoai.
Ea/anoaa yoe n ?acee/iie neeie au?aaeaiu o ?aciuo ethaeae e a oie eee
eiie ia?a iaocaeaiu nouanoaothueie i?aaiauie e i?aanoaaiiuie ii?iaie,
ainieoaieai e eoeueoo?ie. Ii ia a iaeeiaeiaie ia?a e ia iaeeiaeiai
yooaeoeaii. Eeoea oiai ineoe/aneiai neeaaea, aeey eioi?iai oa?aeoa?iu
i?eiao yiioeee iaae ?acoiii, iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo aeoeaiuo ?aaeoeee ia
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue iaae aa iniuneaieai, i?aaeacyoinoue ioeaiie, ieceee
ii?ia oa?ieiinoe e ionoonoaea aeieaeiiai naiieiio?iey, aeinoaoi/ii eaaei
e anoanoaaiii naeeaathony n eaeaae ianeeey. Oi aea naiia ioiineony e e
eeoeai aiieia ?aoeeiiaeenoe/aneiai neeaaea, eioi?ua ioee/athony
caauoaiiuie naiiioeaieaie, aeaaeaeie naiiooaa?aeaeaiey, aeanoiethaeai,
i?ac?aieai e ethaeyi eee iieeoe/aneei oaiaoeciii.
Ana yoe oa?aeoa?enoeee eeoe, neeiiiuo e ianeeeth, aa?iu.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, i?eiao yiioeee iaae ?acoiii (eiioeueneaiinoue),
i?aaeacyoinoue ioeaiie, ieceee ii?ia oa?ieiinoe (?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoue,
aicaoaeeiinoue), ionoonoaea aeieaeiiai naiieiio?iey e ae?oaea
aeinoaoi/ii oi/ii iienuaatho ee/iinoue ianeeuenoaaiiiai i?anooiieea e
aienaiu a iioeaaoeeth aai iiaaaeaiey. Iaeiaei n?aaee ia?a/eneaiiuo /a?o
iao oaeeo, eee, oi/iaa, ni/aoaiey oaeeo, eioi?ua ioee/aee au eiaiii
oa??i?enoia. Iaaeaeo oai eo iiene ninoaaeyao iniiaioth caaea/o iao/iiai
iauyniaiey iioeaaoeee oa??i?enoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey, eae, ai?i/ai, e
ethaiai ae?oaiai /aeiaa/aneiai iiaaaeaiey. Oeacaiea ia «ecaa/iua
naienoaa /aeiaa/aneie iaoo?u, eioi?ua aeiieie?otho a ineoieiaee»,
caeanue ie/aai ia i?iyniyao, iineieueeo iaiiiyoii, i eaeeo naienoaao a
aeaiiii neo/aa eaeao ?a/ue. O?oaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi eaeea-oi
ineoieiae/aneea naienoaa aac oeacaiey ia oi, /oi iie niaie eiie?aoii
i?aaenoaaeytho, aeaenoaeoaeueii aeaoa?ieie?otho oa??i?enoe/aneia
iiaaaeaiea. ss iieaaath, /oi ii naiei ineoieiae/aneei iniaaiiinoyi
oa??i?enou iniaaiii aeecee aeieaeiu auoue oaeeoeai, iineieueeo oa??i?eci
a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue e a iniiaiii – yoi oaeenoai. Oi/iaa – aai iniaay
?aciiaeaeiinoue, eiaaea iinyaaoaeuenoai ia /oaeoth aeeciue /aua
i?ienoiaeeo ia ec-ca iaiaaenoe eee a?aaeaeu e aeaiiiio eiie?aoiiio
/aeiaaeo, a a nayce n oai, /oi ii yaeyaony i?aaenoaaeoaeai eaeie-oi
nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu, eniieieoaeai ii?aaeaeaiiie nioeeaeueiie ?iee. Yoi,
ca eneeth/aieai iaiaaeaiee ia ainoaea?noaaiiuo e iauanoaaiiuo aeayoaeae,
oae neacaoue iaee/iinoiua i?anooieaiey. Anee aa?iooueny e
«iaueiiaaiiui», «iaoa??i?enoe/aneei» oaeeoeai, oi eo, niaeanii iaoei
enneaaeiaaieyi, ioee/atho oaeea /a?ou, eae iiaeic?eoaeueiinoue,
ceiiaiyoiinoue, io/oaeaeaiiinoue, inoeoaeueiinoue, yiioeeiiaeueiay
oieiaeiinoue, ionoonoaea yiiaoee. Iaeioi?uo ec oaeeo oaeeoe
oa?aeoa?ecoao aunieay oycaeiinoue, ?aieiinoue, aieaciaiiay
aini?eei/eainoue a iaeanoe iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaiee.
Ana yoe ee/iinoiua iniaaiiinoe iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue e n?aaee
oa??i?enoia-oaeeoe.
Anoue iniiaaiea n/eoaoue aeinoiaa?iui nouanoaiaaiea oa??i?enoe/aneiai
oeia ee/iinoe, eae anoue i?e/eiu, i?e/ai i/aiue aaneea, aiai?eoue aiiaua
i i?anooiieeao eae ia ii?aaeaeaiiii oeia ee/iinoe. A yoii ian
oaaaeaeatho iiiaea nioeeieiae/aneea e ineoieiae/aneea enneaaeiaaiey
eiie?aoiiai oa?aeoa?a. Ii anoue, eiia/ii, e ae?oaia iiaiea ii yoiio
iiaiaeo, iniiauaathuaany aieueoa ia aano?aeoiuo ?aciuoeaieyo, /ai ia
yiie?e/aneeo aeaiiuo.
Oae, i?eiaieoaeueii e «eaaiio» oa??i?ecio A.A. Aeothe e N.A. Yoe?ia a
1987 a. ienaee, /oi naii iiiyoea «yeno?aienoneee oei ee/iinoe» eee
«yeno?aienoneee oei niciaiey» auaeyaeeo aanueia ?anieua/aoui,
iaiaeiicia/iui e a?yae ee iiaeaeaaony no?iaiio ii?aaeaeaieth. Iuoaoueny
onoaiiaeoue aaeeiue ineoieiae/aneee e eioaeeaeooaeueiue i?ioioei
yeno?aienoa – iaaeaaiaea?iay, aa?iyoii, aeaaea aaciaaeaaeiay caaea/a.
Oaea iaeii /enei iiiuoie oaeiai ?iaea, eo ?aciiia?acea, a /anoi e
ianiaianoeiinoue e?anii?a/eai naeaeaoaeuenoaotho ia yoii. Oa??i?enoia
eaaeeoeoee?iaaee eae eaeaaeenoia e eae oecio?aieeia, eae oaiaoeeia
aeiaiu e eae naaeenoia, eae ethaeae oua?aiuo, caeiiieaeniaaiiuo,
naiiooaa?aeaeathueony, iiaee?aaiuo ee/iuie aiaeoeeyie e aeanoiethaeai
eeai io/ayieai e aeaaeaeie oie/oiaeaiey, eae ethaeae ii?aeueii aeooeo e
eae io/aieeia aunoaai ii?aeueiiai eiia?aoeaa, eae i?anooiieeia e eae
aa?iaa.
Oeacaiiua aaoi?u i?eaiaeyo iiaiea iaeioi?uo caiaaeiuo niaoeeaeenoia,
eioi?ua n/eoatho, /oi eaa/a iienaoue oi, /oi ia oa?aeoa?ii aeey
oa??i?enoa, /ai oi, /oi aeey iaai oa?aeoa?ii. A oeaeii oa??i?enou – yoi
ia o?aiaoiua eneaoaee, ia ineoiiaou, ia auniei eaeaeiua ee/iinoe, ia
ethaee ieceiai nioeyeiiiie/aneiai noaoona e ia eneeth/eoaeueiua ethaee.
Oa??i?enoe/aneia aeaeaeaiea niaea?aeeo a ?aaiie ia?a aeueo?oenoe/aneeo
eaeaaeenoia e aaci?aanoaaiiuo aiaiooeueieeia, ienae I.Eeaeianoioi,
i?iaeaeoa?ia e iaaiaeyaa, oia?aiiuo e yeno?aienoia, oao, eoi euao
oaeiaiiai neo/ay, e oao, eoi nianaaony aaanoaii io aaie?ionoaa,
noi?iiieeia aaoi?eoa?iie aeanoe e i?ioeaieeia any/aneie onoiyaoaeny
aeanoe. Aiaaoua, eae e aaaeiua, ieacuaathony ?ae?ooe?iaaiiuie a
oa??i?enoe/aneea i?aaiecaoeee, o/aiua ia?aaia n iaa?aiioiuie, oa, eoi
iiaoaeaeaaony ee/iuie aiaeoeeyie, a oaeaea e oa, eoi aeaeaeei
eaeaieiae/aneeie iioeaaie.
A.A. Aeothe e N.A. Yoe?ia, ianiio?y ia aanue naie neaioeoeeci ii iiaiaeo
aiciiaeiinoe ii?aaeaeaiey oeia ee/iinoe ?aoeeaeeaenoa, oai ia iaiaa
ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi iie eiaee aiciiaeiinoue oaaaeeoueny, /oi oa??i?enoai
i?enoua i?aaeaeueiay iaoa?ieiinoue e eiaeiiuneeth e oaiaoeci,
ii?iaeaeaiiua iaeneiaeenoneei eaeaaeenoe/aneei ooiieciii, iaiaaenoueth e
nouanoaothuaio no?ith eee iaino?aiiui /oanoaii ioaa?aeaiiinoe. Ei
naienoaaiia oaa?aeay aa?a a iaeaaeaiea aaniethoiie, aaeeinoaaiiie e
ieii/aoaeueiie enoeiie, aa?a a ianneaineia i?aaeiacia/aiea, a aunooth –
e oieeaeueioth – ienneth ai eiy nianaiey eee n/anouey /aeiaa/anoaa. Aa?a
a iacaaiioth ienneth iiaeao auoue «oaiiie», /enoi yiioeeiiaeueiie, a
iiaeao iniiauaaoueny ia «?aoeeiiaeueiuo», eaeaieiae/aneeo iinooeaoao, ii
aa iaee/ea ioee/aao enoeiiiai yeno?aienoa io «iiioo/eeia» e ethaeae, ii
oai eee eiui i?e/eiai neo/aeii ieacaaoeony a yeno?aienoneeo a?oiiao. A
ieo iiaoo auoue e i?inoi i?ioiaeeioeu, oaiiua, iainaaaeiieaiiua eee
iaaeaeaeea ethaee, iiiaaoea iiae /uea-oi aeeyiea.
Iienuaaaiue oei ee/iinoe – «cae?uoue» oei – oae n/eoatho A.A. Aeothe e
N.A. Yoe?ia, aeaeeii, caaua nianoaaiiia ooaa?aeaeaiea i iaaiciiaeiinoe
ii?aaeaeaiey oeia ee/iinoe oa??i?enoa. «Cae?uoue» ii iioiio (n yoei
iaeuecy ia niaeaneoueny), /oi eneeth/aao any/aneoth e?eoe/aneoth iuneue,
naiaiaeo auai?a, ianiio?y ia oi /oi aeaeeo ie? oieueei a naaoa
i?aaeonoaiiaeaiiie «aaeeinoaaiiie enoeiu», oioy iia, auoue iiaeao, ia
eiaao ieeaeie nayce n ?aaeueiinoueth eee aeaaii aa oo?aoeea. Eiae/iui
neaaenoaeai «cae?uoinoe» e oaiaoecia yaeyaony ii?aceoaeueiay, iiae/an
ia?aaeienaeueiay ocinoue, iaeiinoi?iiiinoue, aaaeouay e iaeneiaeenoneie
aaniethoecaoeee /anoiiai, au?aaiiiai ec iauae nenoaiu naycae. A neeo
yoiai ie? a ?acoeueoaoa o?ainoi?iaoeee a oaeii niciaiee oa?yao ?aaeueiua
i/a?oaiey, naii aea niciaiea noaiiaeony ieoieiaece?iaaiiui.
ss iaia?aiii i?eaiaeo noieue iiiaea niia?aaeaiey A.A. Aeothea e N.A.
Yoe?iaa iioiio, /oi ec eo iienaiee auoaeaao i?ioeaiiieiaeiia oiio, /oi
iie aea io?eoeaee, a eiaiii, oei ee/iinoe «eaaiai» oa??i?enoa. Eae
ieacuaaaony, nicaeaiea oaeiai oeia ioithaeue ia iaaeaaiaea?iay e ia
aaciaaeaaeiay caaea/a, anee, eiia/ii, ia enoiaeeoue ec oiai, /oi
eaeie-oi aeaiiue oei aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue oieueei oaie /a?oaie, eioi?ua
ia i?enoue ieeaeiio eiiio. Iiiyoii, /oi yoiai i?inoi ia iiaeao auoue.
Anee au auei oae, oeiieiae/aneea iao/iua enneaaeiaaiey i?inoi
i?ae?aoeeenue au. Aianoa n oai a?oaie ioeaeie auaeyaeaea au iiiuoea
oeiieiaece?iaaoue ee/iinoue oa??i?enoa iacaaeneii io oeia naiiai
oa??i?ecia e iauaaeeieoue a iaeio oeiieiae/aneoth a?oiio, iai?eia?,
ia?oecai, «eaauo» e «i?aauo» oa??i?enoia n auiiaaoaeyie ec i?anooiiuo
i?aaiecaoeee, i?eaaaathueo e oa??i?o aeey caioaeaaiey i?aaei?eieiaoaeae
eee naieo eiieo?aioia ec ae?oaeo aaiae. Anoanoaaiii, /oi iieeoe/aneea
oa??i?enou aoaeoo eiaoue iaei iauaai n ia?oecaiaie eee i?aaieciaaiiuie
i?anooiieeaie. Niia?aaeaiey aea enneaaeiaaoaeae, /oi iieeoe/aneeie (a
aeaiiii neo/aa «eaauie») oa??i?enoaie yaeythony caeiiieaeniaaiiua,
naiiooaa?aeaeathueany, ii?aeueii aeooea, oaiaoe/ii iano?iaiiua e o.i.
ethaee, yaeythony, ii-iiaio, aeinoiaa?iuie.
Ieaea iu niiaeai oaaaeeoueny, /oi oa??i?enoai i?enoue e iaeioi?ua
ae?oaea, aanueia aaaeiua ee/iinoiua iniaaiiinoe, eioi?ua eiatho
ia?ainoaiaiiia iioeaaoeeiiiia cia/aiea. Iiiaea ec ieo naycaiu n oai
oaeoii, /oi oa??i?eno iaiin?aaenoaaiii nii?eeanaaony ni nia?oueth,
eioi?ay, n iaeiie noi?iiu, aeeyao ia aai ineoeeo, iinooiee e ia niauoey,
a eioi?ua ii aeeth/ai, a n ae?oaie – aai ee/iinoiay niaoeeoeea oaeiaa,
/oi ii no?aieony e iae. Oa??i?eno ia/eiaao niioaaonoaiaaoue ae,
?ac?ooaao iineaaeiea i?aa?aaeu, ioaeaeythuea io iaa, iicaieyao ae
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aeeyoue ia naay. Nia?oue ioia/aouaaao ia iai naie
ia?ac, ia/eiaao aiai?eoue n iei ia ia /aeiaa/aneii, a ia naiai ycuea, e
aa ?a/ue i?eiineo oi iiieiaiea, eioi?ia ia iiaeao aeaoue ieeaeie ae?oaie
/aeiaae. Oa??i?eno ia caueuai io iaa caaea/ae auaeeaaiey, /aua anaai ii
e ia noaaeo oaeiaie ia?aae niaie, i?eoiaey ii naiae aiea a ciio nia?oe,
io eioi?ie iau/ii no?aieony aea?aeaoueny iiaeaeueoa ethaia aeeaia
nouanoai. ?ac i?eaeeceaoenue e nia?oe, oaeie /aeiaae ia/eiaao
i?eia?aoaoue iiuo, eioi?ue eeai iniciaaony e noaiiaeony iniiaie
aioo?aiiaai ?acaeoey, eeai ia iniciaaony e ia o?iaia ee/iinoiiai niunea
ii?aaeaeyao iiaaaeaiea, a oii /enea /a?ac iio?aaiinoue aiiaue e aiiaue
eniuoaoue ae?iaeue nii?eeiniiaaiey n oai, /oi iaoiaeeony ca a?aiueth.
Ia?eioe/aneay aeey ieo aoiinoa?a aeecinoe nia?oe iiaeao oieeaoue ia
niaa?oaiea e ae?oaeo oaeenoa, ia iaycaoaeueii oa??i?enoe/aneeo,
iai?eia?, ia o/anoea a ?aciuo aiaiiuo eiioeeeoao. N?aaee oa??i?enoia
ano?a/athony ethaee ?aciuo aic?anoia, e iiiaia caaeneo io oiai, eaeia
ianoi caieiaao eiie?aoiia eeoei a ea?a?oee oa??i?enoe/aneie
i?aaiecaoeee. ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie e i?aaiecaoi?aie oa??i?ecia /aua auaatho
eeoea noa?oeo aic?anoia, eniieieoaeyie – iieiaeua. Eo aae iaaeieia,
eiaiii iie iaeaieaa oycaeiu e aeey ioeue no?aaeae ii?yaeea, e aeey
oaieiaiie thnoeoeee.
AEaiueiu, eiia/ii, ninoaaeytho iaiueoeinoai n?aaee oa??i?enoia, ii
n?aaee ieo ano?a/athony aanueia y?eea ee/iinoe. Iai?eia?, Oeue?eea
Iaeioio, iaeia ec ?oeiaiaeeoaeae O?aeoeee E?aniie A?iee, aaaeouee
oai?aoee oa??i?ecia e i?aaeaiiay aio aei eniaiaeythuaai oaiaoecia, aei
aaniethoii oioaeueiie aio aa?iinoe. Yoi ae i?eiaaeeaaeeo ooaa?aeaeaiea:
«Iu cayaeyai, /oi oio, eoi iineo oieoi?io, – naeiuey, o.a. ii oaea ia
yaeyaony /aeiaa/aneei nouanoaii: oaeiai iaoa ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu. N yoeie
ethaeueie aiiaua iaeuecy aiai?eoue, e auno?aeu caeanue naii niaie
?acoiathony». ?aaee ?aaiethoeee iia ioeacaeanue io naieo aeaoo aeaoae;
iieii/eea naiioaeenoaii a aic?anoa 42 eao, /oi aua ?ac iiaeoaa?aeaeaao
iaenei?aieiia aea/aiea oa??i?enoia e nia?oe – e naiae e /oaeie.
Ia A?aaneii Ainoiea ecaanoiinoue iieo/eea Eaeea Oaeaae, /uey e?aneaay
aiaoiinoue noaea aeiiieieoaeueiui oaeoi?ii aeey aa iiioey?iinoe eae
oa??i?enoee.
Oa?aeoa? oa??i?ecia a oeaeii, eae e niune ioaeaeueiuo oa??i?enoe/aneeo
aeoia ii?aaeaeythony ia oieueei naaiaeiyoieie nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneeie,
iaoeeiiaeueiuie e eiuie ?aaeeyie e i?ioeai?a/eyie: ii ooiaeeo naieie
ei?iyie a aeoaue /aeiaa/aneie enoi?ee, a naiua ae?aaiea, aeaaea
ia?aiauoiua a?aiaia, a aei?aeeaeiciua e ?aeeaeiciua i?aaenoaaeaiey,
ii?aaeaeyaony ie?iiuouaieai /aeiaaea, aai ioiioaieai e iauanoao e naiiio
naaa, aai aa/iui e aanieiaeiui iieneii caueou e ni?aaaaeeeainoe. Ia?yaeo
n nioeeaeueiuie oaeoi?aie, aeaoa?ieie?othueie oa??i?enoe/aneea
i?iyaeaiey, iniaiai aieiaiey caneoaeeaatho ineoieiae/aneea aniaeou
i?iaeaiu. Yoi iaiaoiaeeii aeey iauyniaiey ia oieueei eiie?aoiiai
oa??i?enoe/aneiai aeoa e aai i?e/ei, ii e anaai yaeaiey oa??i?ecia a
oeaeii. Ciaiea ineoieiaee oa??i?ecia iicaieyao oaeaea iiiyoue, io eiai
iiaeii iaeeaeaoue niioaaonoaothueo aeaenoaee, /oi i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
oa??i?eno eae ee/iinoue, eae i?aaeoi?aaeaeaoue e ?anneaaeiaaoue
i?anooieaiey, naycaiiua n oa??i?ii, eae iaeacuaaoue aeiiaiuo.
Iniiao ineoieiae/aneiai iiciaiey oa??i?ecia ninoaaeyao aiaeec iioeaia
yoiai i?anooieaiey. Eiathony a aeaeo, eiia/ii aea, ia aiaoia aeaeeiua
i?e/eiu iiaaaeaiey ioaeaeueiuo eeoe, niaa?oathueo oa??i?enoe/aneea aeou,
a nianoaaiii iioeau – eae niune, noauaeoeaiia cia/aiea oaeiai
iiaaaeaiey. Aeaaiue aii?in, aicieeathuee caeanue, aeaeeony a
neaaeothuai: a /ai auea?uo, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ineoieiae/aneee, io
niaa?oaiey niioaaonoaothueo aeaenoaee aeey naiiai aeiiaiiai, a oii /enea
e a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ii aeaenoaoao ca iaoa?eaeueiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea.
Iineaaeiaa ianoiyoaeuenoai auaeaeaii a nayce n oai, /oi ei?unoiua
noeioeu eeoue aiaoia auaeyaeyo aaeeinoaaiiuie iioeaaie, a iiae ieie, a
aeoaeia, ia aanniciaoaeueiii o?iaia, ooieoeeiie?otho aua e ae?oaea, ia
iaiaa iiuiua iiaoaeaeaiey, eioi?ua aeinoaoi/ii /anoi yaeythony aaaeoueie
iioeaaie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, iioea – yoi ia oi, /oi eaaeeo ia iiaa?oiinoe,
ia oi, /oi iiaeao iauynieoue nai i?anooiiee, e ia oi, ?acoiaaony, /oi
oeacaii a i?eaiai?a.
Oa??i?eci i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ii?iaeaeaiea aeano?oeoeaiuo nee a iauanoaa
e /aeiaaea, io?aaeaao eoeueo ianeeey e anaia?ii niinianoaoao aai
oneeaieth e ?ani?ino?aiaieth, iaanoeaieaay /aeiaa/aneoth aeeciue.
Oa??i?eci ?acei nieaeaao cia/eiinoue caeiiia e aiciiaeiinoue
eiii?iiennia, eioi?ua yaeythony iai?aiaiiui ao?eaooii oeeaeeecaoeee, a
oi aea a?aiy aicaiaey iaaeoth e aeanoieoth neeo a ?aia aaeaa ee ia
aeaaiiai ?aaoeyoi?a aeecie, a oii /enea iaaeaeoia?iaeiie. A yoie
iineaaeiae noa?a ii ii?iaeaeaao na?ueaciua cao?oaeiaiey a aeaea
nio?oaeie/anoaa e acaeiiiiieiaiey ?aciuo no?ai, eiiaaea aeaaea noaay
iiae niiiaiea aiciiaeiinoue eo ninouanoaiaaiey.
Oa??i?eci niiniaai i?eaiaeeoue e naa?ouaaieth iieeoe/aneeo, i?aaiauo,
yoe/aneeo, yeiiiie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo aa?aioee i?aa e naiaiae
/aeiaaea, oae eae ia?aaeei aucuaaao ni noi?iiu ainoaea?noaa ioaaoiua
ia?u, ia anaaaea niaeanothueany n aoeaie caeiia. A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo nai
oa??i?eci aunooiaao a ea/anoaa aeaaiiai ?ac?ooeoaey aa?aioee. Ii
?ac?ooeoaeai e iioiio, /oi aucuaaao ioaaoiua iai?iieoaeueiua aa?anneaiua
aeaenoaey ni noi?iiu oao, eoi noae iaiin?aaenoaaiiui iauaeoii
oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeiiiaaoaeuenoa, /oi i?eaiaeeo e aeeeoaeueiui
iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiui e iaaeeiioanneiiiui eiioeeeoai. A i?ioeanna eo
?acaeoey ia?aaeei caauaaaony eo enoi/iee e acaeiiua iaeaeu e iuaiey
ia/eiatho iaa?iiiaeaeaoueny ae?oa ia ae?oaa.
E.A. Caaei?iaeithe, aunooiay ca «e?oaeui noieii» aeo?iaea «Ainoaea?noai
e i?aai» a aeaeaa?a 1994 a., ni?aaaaeeeai ioiaoee, /oi n ineoieiae/aneie
oi/ee c?aiey aaaeii ia oieueei auyaeoue neeiiiinoue eiai-oi e
oa??i?ecio, ii e iiae/a?eiooue aaniethoioth nioeeaeueioth
aeano?oeoeaiinoue yoiai yaeaiey, eai oa??i?eci – yoi ii/oe anaaaea
oaiaeaioeey e naii?ac?ooaieth iineoaeae i?ioa??i?enoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey,
eioi?ia ia iiaeao ianooieoue, anee nio?aiyaony iauanoai eee iauiinoue.
Oa??i?eno (eee a?oiia oaeiauo) anaaaea neai a iinoaiiaea e inouanoaeaiee
naieo oeaeae, aeaaea a neo/aa ouaoaeueiie i?i?aaioee naiiai aeoa
oa??i?a. Yoi i?eioeeieaeueiue iiiaio. Iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo ia?aiao?ia
oaeie neaiiou – ?anoiaeaeaiea iioeaia, eiaaea iaeay aiiiaaiiay
(yoie/anee, nioeeaeueii, ?aeeaeicii e o.ae.) a?oiia eae au iaaycuaaao
naith aieth niiauanoao, eioi?ia aaoa?iaaiii, o.a. ioee/aaony
ieth?aeeciii a iinoaiiaea e inouanoaeaiee naieo oeaeae. Iaoaoi?e/anee
au?aaeaynue, oa??i?enou «i?iecaiaeyo» naie oeaee, enoiaey ec caauoaiiie
naiiioeaiee naiae aiiiaaiiinoe, n/eoay naay «naiuie-naiuie» e aeaeay
iioiio oi, /oi ieeoi ae?oaie ia iiniaao.
Ia iineaaeiai iiiaioa y oioae au inoaiiaeoueny. I?aaenoaaeaiea i naaa
eae i «naiii-naiii» – naiii ni?aaaaeeeaii, naiii o?aa?ii, naiii
cia/eoaeueiii e o.ae. – anoue ia /oi eiia, eae ia?oeenneci. Aai
i?iyaeaiey a oi?ia naiiethaiaaiey, ooaa?aeaeaiee ia eneeth/eoaeueiinoe e
iniauo i?aaao naiae iaoeeiiaeueiie, ?aeeaeiciie eee eeanniaie a?oiiu e
aa i?aaenoaaeoaeae, i nianoaaiiuo auaeathueony niiniaiinoyo e ae?.
iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue o aieueoeinoaa oa??i?enoe/aneeo iauaaeeiaiee,
iai?eia?, /a/aineeo e e?eaiaeneeo. Iaaeaeo oai ia?oeenneci a aniaeoa
oa??i?ecia aua ia enneaaeiaaeny, oioy Y.O?iii niaoeeaeueii aiaeece?oao
yoi yaeaiea a i?e/eiiii eiiieaena /aeiaa/aneie aeano?oeoeaiinoe,
ninoaaiie /anoueth eioi?ie oa??i?eci ia iiaeao ia auoue.
Y.O?iii ii?aaeaeyao ia?oeenneci «eae oaeia yiioeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea,
i?e eioi?ii /aeiaae ?aaeueii i?iyaeyao eioa?an oieueei e naiae
nianoaaiiie ia?niia, naiaio oaeo, naiei iio?aaiinoyi, naiei iuneyi,
naiei /oanoaai, naiae nianoaaiiinoe e o.ae. A oi a?aiy eae ana
inoaeueiia, /oi ia ninoaaeyao /anoue aai naiiai e ia yaeyaony iauaeoii
aai ono?aieaiee, – aeey iaai ia iaiieiaii ianoiyuae aeeciaiiie
?aaeueiinoueth, eeoaii oeaaoa, aeona, oyaeanoe, a aini?eieiaaony eeoue
ia o?iaia ?acoia. Ia?a ia?oeennecia ii?aaeaeyao o /aeiaaea aeaieiie
ianooaa aini?eyoey. Eeoue oi eiaao cia/eiinoue, /oi eanaaony aai naiiai,
a inoaeueiie ie? a yiioeeiiaeueiii ioiioaiee ia eiaao ie caiaoa, ie
oeaaoa; e iioiio /aeiaae-ia?oeenn iaia?oaeeaaao neaaoth niiniaiinoue e
iauaeoeaiinoe e na?ueaciua i?in/aou a ioeaieao»5.
Niaa?oaiii iainiiaaiii Y.O?iii ioia/aao, /oi ia?aaeei /aeiaae-ia?oeenn
aeinoeaaao /oanoaa oaa?aiiinoe aiana ia oeaiith naieo o?oaeia e
aeinoeaeaiee, a aeaaiaea?y oiio, /oi ii noauaeoeaii oaaaeaeai a naiai
niaa?oainoaa, a naieo auaeathueony ee/iuo ea/anoaao e i?aainoiaenoaa
iaae ae?oaeie ethaeueie. Ia?oeenn-oa??i?eno /a?iaao neeu ia oieueei a
noaoe/aneie oaa?aiiinoe a oii, /oi ii «naiue ioae?ue», «naiue
aeaeueiiaeaeiue», «naiue o?aa?ue» e o.ae., ii e a oii, /oi aeieacuaaao
yoi naaa e ae?oaei, niaa?oay aea?ceea iaiaaeaiey e i?aiaa?aaay
iauai?eiyouie oeaiiinoyie. Ii aeaei ia oieueei a yoii: ii eneeth/eoaeai
e aeinoiei ainoeuaiey aua e ii oie i?e/eia, /oi i?aaenoaaeyao oiaea
eneeth/eoaeueioth aea e aaeeinoaaiii «i?aaeeueioth» iaoeeiiaeueioth
(?aeeaeicioth, iieeoe/aneoth, eioth) a?oiio, ieoaaony aa nieaie, aa
i?aie naaoeony e iaae aai aieiaie. A?oiiiaay i?iiiaaaeue naiaai
ianiiiaiiiai i?aainoiaenoaa e «oniaoe» nianoaaiii oa??i?ecia ?iaeaeatho
ia?oeenne/aneoth yieaeaieth, eioi?ie ?yaeiaiio iauaaoaeth i/aiue o?oaeii
i?ioeainoiyoue. Aa?anneaiue ia?oeenneci iau/ii ano?a/aao nii?ioeaeaiea,
/oi /anoi iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue niaie oa?ico aeoaeueiui eioa?anai
niioaaonoaothueo ee/iinoae, a iiyoiio aeieaeai auno?i e yooaeoeaii
iiaeaaeyoueny n iiiiuueth oao aea oa??i?enoe/aneeo iaoiaeia. Oaeia
ianeeea oai aaniiuaaeiaa, /ai aieueoa ouaieaiu a naiai ia?oeennecia
eiie?aoiua ee/iinoe, oai aieaa eeaea?u eee a?oiiu.
Oa??i?enou /anoi ioaeaeathony a iaeanea naieo aeaenoaee e ii oie
ineoieiae/aneie i?e/eia, /oi a ?aaeoeeyo n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee,
iieeoe/aneeo e ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeayoaeae e ae?oaeo ethaeae iie, eae a
ca?eaea, aeaeyo naia i?eciaiea e iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea naiae
eneeth/eoaeueiinoe. Iiyoiio iiaeii aiai?eoue i naiaia?aciie, ii
ianiiiaiiie e ne?uoie nayce iaaeaeo iauanoaii e oa??i?eciii. N?aaenoaa
ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, oi?aoy Aeayieyie noieue yeno?ai?aeeia?iuo ethaeae,
eae oa??i?enou, n iaeiie noi?iiu, oaeiaeaoai?ytho aeao/ee eioa?an
iauaaoaeae a nainaoeeyo e «caacaeao», a n ae?oaie – ia?oeenne/aneea
iio?aaiinoe naieo oaeeo i?anooiieeia. Iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi iiiaea
oa??i?enou i?ae?aoeee au naith aeayoaeueiinoue, anee iia ia iaoiaeeea au
ieeaeiai io?aaeaiey a n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee e ?ai?annee a
ioiioaiee ieo inouanoaeyeenue au oaeii. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, a ii?aaeaeaiiuo
i?aaeaeao naii iauanoai ii?iaeaeaao oa??i?eci.
Iineieueeo ia?oeenneci icia/aao nin?aaeioi/aiea ia naiii naaa, naieo
eioa?anao e ia?aaeeaaieyo, ia?oeenne/aneay ee/iinoue auaaao
aeacaaeaioe?iaaiiie aia naiaai ia?oeenne/aneiai ie?oaeaiey –
iaoeeiiaeueiiai, eeaiiaiai, ?aeeaeiciiai e ae?. Ii yoie i?e/eia
iiaeiaiay ee/iinoue aoaeao: 1) aanueia aa?anneaiie ii ioiioaieth ei anai
oai, eoi iaoiaeeony aia aa a?oiiu, a iiyoiio niiniaai nieceoue
naiiioeaieo. Aa?anneaiinoue iiaeao e ia i?iyaeyoueny ai aia; 2)
i?aaei?eieiaoue ana oneeey aeey oiai, /oiau nio?aieoue naith a?oiiiaoth
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue, iineieueeo, iniaaiii anee /aeiaae ie/oiaeai e iaeie,
anee ii a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ia oaeiaeaoai?ai aeeciueth, ia yoii
ceaeaeaony aai i?aaenoaaeaiea i naiai i?aainoiaenoaa. A oaeeo neo/ayo
eiiaaea oi?ie?oaony oaiaoeci, i?enouee iaeioi?ui
oa??i?enoai-naiioaeeoeai e yaeythueeny oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie ia?oeennecia.
Ii iiaieth Y.O?iiia, oa, /ae ia?oeenneci eanaaony a aieueoae ia?a
a?oiiu, /ai naay ee/ii, aanueia /oanoaeoaeueiu, e ia ethaia yaiia eee
aiia?aaeaaiia inei?aeaiea a aae?an naiae a?oiiu ?aaae?otho aanueia
ao?ii. Yoa ?aaeoeey /anoi auaaao ai?acaei eioaineaiaa, /ai o
ia?oeennia-eiaeeaeaeoaeenoia. Eiaeeaeae aua iiaeao oniiieoueny, aeyaey
ia naay a ca?eaei. O/anoiee a?oiiu ia ciaao oaeeo niiiaiee. A a neo/aa
eiioeeeoa n ae?oaie a?oiiie, eioi?ay oaeaea no?aaeaao eieeaeoeaiui
ia?oeenneciii, aicieeaao aeooeay a?aaeaea. A yoeo noaaoeao iau/ii
aicaaee/eaaaony ia?ac nianoaaiiie a?oiiu e i?eieaeaaony aei e?aeiae
oi/ee ia?ac a?aaeaeaaiie a?oiiu.
A?oiiiaie ia?oeenneci i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaeei ec aeaaiuo enoi/ieeia
/aeiaa/aneie aa?anneaiinoe6.
Caeanue a?oiiiaia oa??i?enoe/aneia ianeeea iiaeao aeinoeaaoue
iaiaueiiaaiiie eioaineaiinoe, ii?ie a?aie/auae n iaoieiaeae. Oaeia
iiaeii auei iaaethaeaoue ai a?aiy noieeiiaaiee ionoeueiai n eiaeoenoaie
a Eiaeee, oaieeia e neaiaeia a O?e-Eaiea, a?iyi e aca?aaeaeaeaioeaa a
Caeaaeacuea. Caiaoei, /oi e?aeiyy y?inoue /anoi iaaethaeaaony a oao
iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo e iaae?aeeaeiciuo eiioeeeoao (ii?ie
ia?aieaoathueony), noi?iiaie a eioi?uo aunooiatho aaaeiaeoea a?oiiu
ianaeaiey. ss iieaaath, /oi i?iyaeyaiay eie iaenoiaay aeanoieinoue anoue
e i?ioano i?ioea naiaai o?aae/aneiai iieiaeaiey, e aanniciaoaeueiia
aeaeaiea caueoeoue oi iaeaieaa oeaiiia, /oi iie iacuaatho naiei
iaoeeiiaeueiui eee ?aeeaeiciui aeinoieinoaii e /oi neoaeeo iaeiie ec
aeaaiuo aa?aioee eo nio?aiiinoe.
Ineoieiae/aneoth iniiao a?oiiiaiai ia?oeennecia ninoaaeyao ee/eeainoue
ec-ca i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe e ii?aaeaeaiiie no?aia, iaoeee, ?aeeaee, eiie
nioeeaeueiie a?oiia, ainoaaeaiea eo, ainoeuaiea eie, /oi ia?aaeei
aini?eieiaaony eae iao?eioeci, oaaaeaeaiiinoue, eiyeueiinoue, oaa?aeay
aeeciaiiay iiceoeey. I?e yoii oioneaaony ec aeaeo, /oi iaoeeiiaeueiay,
eeanniaay eee ?aeeaeiciay ee/eeainoue anaaaea e iaecaaaeii i?aaeiieaaaao
n?aaiaiea n ae?oaeie iaoeeyie, eeannaie e ?aeeaeyie, ii anaaaea e
iaecaaaeii ia a iieueco iineaaeieo. Yoi oaea cia/eoaeueii iaeaa/aao
niaa?oaiea ianeeuenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, anee oaeia iio?aaoaony, a
ioiioaiee i?aaenoaaeoaeae ae?oaeo ia?iaeia e eeannia eee aa?othueo a
eiuo aiaia, oai aieaa, /oi ia?oeenne/aneay ee/iinoue anaaaea ?acaeaeyao
iauea aeey naiae a?oiiu oeaiiinoe e aioiaa ia ana ?aaee eo caueou. Oi,
/oi a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eeoue oaioaceth, i?e/ai
eiiaaea aeiaieueii iianioth, aeey ia?oeenne/aneie ee/iinoe ?aaeueiinoue,
a eioi?oth iia nayoi aa?eo, a yoa aa?a iiaee?aieaia a?oiiiaie
nieeaea?iinoueth.
Ia?oeenne/anee i?eaioe?iaaiiue /aeiaae, i?eciaiiue naiae a?oiiie, iiaeao
iniaaiii ai?aeeoueny naiae ia?niiie, a anee aio aua i?eaeaony
iino?aaeaoue ca naith aa?iinoue, ai?aeeoueny aoaeao aaeaieia. *ai
aieueoa ii iaoaeiaeaoai?ai naiae ?aaeueiie aeeciueth, oai e?ai/a aai
i?eaa?aeaiiinoue a?oiia e aioiaiinoue ?aaee iaa ia ana.
Ia?oeenne/aneea iano?iaiey e yiioeee iiaeii ano?aoeoue o i?aaenoaaeoaeae
e aieueoeo, e iaeuo (ii /eneaiiinoe)ia?iaeia. A 90-o aiaeao iu /anoi
iaaethaeaai naiiethaiaaiea iaeioi?uo eaaeacneeo iaoeee, e iniaaiii
aeaaa?ae oa??i?enoe/aneeo a?oii, ninoaaeaiiuo ec eo i?aaenoaaeoaeae.
A a?oiia oa??i?eno ia oieueei oe?aieyao naie ia?oeenneci, ii e
aeinoeaaao ee/iinoiie eaeaioe/iinoe, iieiinoueth ni?yoaaoenue a iae.
Aeey iiiaeo oa??i?enoia, iniaaiii iieiaeuo, a?oiia auiieiyao ?ieue
eieeaeoeaiiai iooea, iaania/eaathuaai naiei aeaoyi i?eaaaeeua e caueoo.
Iio?aaiinoue a eaeaioe/iinoe iiaeao auoue aanueia neeueia o oao, eoi a
neeo naiae ia?aeiaeueiinoe a oie eee eiie oi?ia aue io/oaeaeai io
n?aaeu, oa?iae iaoaea/e a o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?e iieo/aiee
ia?aciaaiey, a ee/iie aeecie eeai a eiuo noa?ao aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe.
Iineieueeo oaeie oa??i?eno i?aaeai a?oiia, a?oiiiaua ii?iu e oeaee
eaeaaeece?othony, noaiiaynue anaiaueie e iaycaoaeueiuie, a ana
inoaeueiia ioiaiyaony. Ionthaea iaoa?ieiinoue e ethaiio eiaeiiuneeth,
ionoonoaea eieaaaiee e niiiaiee, a?aaeaeaaiinoue e oai, eoi
i?eaea?aeeaaaony eiuo acaeyaeia, e aioiaiinoue iiaeaaeoue oaeeo ethaeae
ethaie oeaiie. A oi aea a?aiy nii?io iaoaea/e a o?oaeiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe, i?e iieo/aiee ia?aciaaiey, a ee/iie aeecie eeai a eiuo
noa?ao aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe.
Iineieueeo oaeie oa??i?eno i?aaeai a?oiia, a?oiiiaua ii?iu e oeaee
eaeaaeece?othony, noaiiaynue anaiaueie e iaycaoaeueiuie, a ana
inoaeueiia ioiaiyaony. Ionthaea iaoa?ieiinoue e ethaiio eiaeiiuneeth,
ionoonoaea eieaaaiee e niiiaiee, a?aaeaeaaiinoue e oai, eoi
i?eaea?aeeaaaony eiuo acaeyaeia, e aioiaiinoue iiaeaaeoue oaeeo ethaeae
ethaie oeaiie. A oi aea a?aiy nii?ioeaeaiea, ieacuaaaiia
oa??i?enoe/aneie a?oiia eee a?oiia, aioiaie e oa??i?enoe/aneei
aeaenoaeyi, eee oiio aieaa e?oiiiio iauaaeeiaiey, eioi?ia ethaay ec
ia?auo aeaoo i?aaenoaaeyao, oe?aieyao eo, oiaiueoaao aioo?ea?oiiiaua
i?ioeai?a/ey, niinianoaoao ii?aaaeaieth naiuo aan/aeiaa/iuo oaaia.
Iaoiaeaeaiea a nioeeaeueiie a?oiia niinianoaoao aicieeiiaaieth
ii?aaeaeaiiuo iioeaia iiaaaeaiey, eo eiieo?aioeee, au/eaiaieth aaaeoueo
iioeaia a aeaiiii aeaea aeayoaeueiinoe, iinoaiiaea iiauo oeaeae e
ioiaaeaieth noa?uo, niauaieth iioeaa ia oeaeue e o.ae. I?e oi?ie?iaaiee
iioeaia e oeaeae oa??i?enoe/aneie aeoeaiinoe a a?oiia iiaeao
i?ienoiaeeoue iaiai iiaieyie, ciaieyie, iiuoii, a oaeaea acaeiiia
oaaaeaeaiea e aiooaiea, onei?ythuaa ?aoeiinoue niaa?oeoue aeaiiia
i?anooieaiea. Oa?aeoa? iioeaaoeee iiaaaeaiey eaaeaeiai /eaia e anae
a?oiiu a oeaeii ?acee/aaony ii neea e iai?aaeaiiinoe. Neea caaeneo io
acaeiiiai aeeyiey o/anoieeia a?oiiu, eo eiinieeaeaoeee. Iineieueeo
oa??i?enoe/aneea a?oiiu, eae i?aaeei, niei/aiiua, i?ienoiaeeo oneeaiea
iioeae?iaaiiinoe iiaaaeaiey eaaeaeiai o/anoieea. Iai?aaeaiiinoue
iioeaaoeee au?aaeaaony /a?ac i?eaioaoeeth ia ee/iue e a?oiiiaie oniao,
ia auiieiaiea iauaai aeaea. Yoi aanueia aaaeii, oae eae a
io?eoeaoaeueiii neo/aa aeey eaaeaeiai /eaia ianooieo eaoano?ioa,
iineieueeo ethaia ainoaea?noai ?aaae?oao ia oa??i?enoe/aneea aeou i/aiue
ino?i. Iiyoiio i?e aieueoie acaeiinaycaiiinoe oaaee/eaaaony iioeaaoeey
a?oiiu ia iauoth yooaeoeaiinoue niaianoiuo oneeee.
Aaoiiiiiua oa??i?enoe/aneea a?oiiu /aua auaatho yoaeiiiuie, o.a. oaeeie,
/uey nenoaia acaeyaeia, oeaiiinoae e i?aaenoaaeaiee, iai?aaeaiiinoue
aeayoaeueiinoe ?anniao?eaaaony aeaiiui /aeiaaeii eae yoaeii. Yoi
ii?iaeaeaao e eneeth/eoaeueioth i?aaeaiiinoue oa??i?enoia naiae a?oiia,
eo ia?aaeeaaiey a neo/aa oo?aou nayce n iae. A iiaeiaiuo a?oiiao iioea
ia?aaeei ia?aiauaaony ia naio aeayoaeueiinoue – iieacaoue naith neeo,
aanno?aoea, iaoiae/eainoue, oiaiey.
Aeae. Iiono ?acee/aao n?aaee aa?iiaeneeo oa??i?enoia aeaa a?oiiu:
ia?aoth ninoaaeytho oa, eioi?ua noaayo oeaeueth ?ac?ooeoue ie? iooeia,
eo iinyaaoaeuenoaa – yoi aeou aiciacaeey ca aeaenoaeoaeueiua eee
aiia?aaeaaiua iaeaeu, aeou, iai?aaeaiiua i?ioea iauanoaa eo ?iaeeoaeae;
ei aoi?ie ioiinyony oa (a iniiaiii, iaoeeiiae-naia?aoenou), eioi?ua
inouanoaeytho ienneth iooeia, inoyo iauanoao ca iaeaeo, iaianaiioth eo
?iaeeoaeyi. Oaeei ia?acii, a ia?aii neo/aa eiatho ianoi (ia
neiaiee/aneii o?iaia) aeou i?ioanoa i?ioea ?iaeeoaeae; ai aoi?ii – aeou
eiyeueiinoe e caueou iineaaeieo. ss iieaaath, /oi aeey oa??i?enoia
ia?aie a?oiiu aeieaeii auoue oa?aeoa?ii ?aiianaiaeiia iaaeaaiiieo/ea a
oi?ia iai?eyoey eo a aeaonoaa ?iaeeoaeyie, aeaaea yiioeeiiaeueiiai
ioaa?aaiey, /oi iniaaiii o?aaiaoe/ii, anee iii enoiaeeo io iaoa?e. Yoi
iiaeaeei ca niaie ioaaoioth ?aaeoeeth ioaa?aaiey ?iaeeoaeae e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, iai?eyoey eo ie?a e eo oeaiiinoae. Iioeaaoeey
iiaaaeaiey iiaeiaiuo ethaeae anoue, ia?acii aiai?y, ion?i/aiiue ioaao
nianoaaiiui ?iaeeoaeyi ia aanniciaoaeueiii, eiia/ii, o?iaia. Oaeoth
iioeaaoeeth iiaaaeaiey y iiiaie?aoii iaaethaeae o «iaueiiaaiiuo» oaeeoe,
eioi?ua naiaeeee n/aou n ?iaeeoaeyie, eiiaaea ia neiaiee/aneii,
ineoieiae/aneii o?iaia, a ae?oaeo neo/ayo – iaiin?aaenoaaiii niaa?oay
aa?anneaiua aeaenoaey i?ioea iooea (iaoa?e) eee iaieo. A ia?aoth aea
a?oiio aeieaeiu auoue ioianaiu ana oa, eioi?ua ii ?aciui i?e/eiai
ainieouaaeenue aia naiuee eee ?aii iioa?yee aa. Ai aoi?ie a?oiia
ineoieiae/aneay naycue eiaeeaeaea n ?iaeeoaeyie, iai?ioea, aeieaeia
auoue i/aiue i?i/iie eee i?aaenoaaeyoueny aio oaeiaie, ii iieiinoueth e
aac inoaoea i?eieiaao eo, a cia/eo, eo eoeueoo?o e nenoaio oeaiiinoae.
Eiuie neiaaie, /a?ac ethayueo e ethaeiuo iooea e iaoue noauaeo
aini?eieiaao naith iaoeeth e aa eoeueoo?o, naith caieth, i?eau/ioth n
aeaonoaa i?e?iaeo eae aaeeinoaaiii aiciiaeiua, oieueei naith ?iaeeio eae
naith caueoieoeo e anoanoaaiioth noa?o iaeoaiey eae enoi/iee aai aeecie,
aac eioi?uo aai nouanoaiaaiea aanniuneaiii. Iineieueeo yoi oae, ethaia
iinyaaoaeuenoai ia ieo iuouaaony eae oa?ica auoeth aeaiiiai /aeiaaea,
eioi?ia iaiaoiaeeii caueuaoue ethauie niiniaaie, eo/oa anaai
oi?aaeaeathua-aa?anneaiuie. Aiciiaeai e oaeie aa?eaio: eiaeeaeae aue
ioaa?aioo ?iaeeoaeyie eee iie auee ?aaiiaeooiu e iaio eee aiiaua ia
nua?aee aeey iaai aeaaea a aeaonoaa neieueei-ieaoaeue caiaoiie ?iee
ec-ca aai, iai?eia?, naiiaeinoaoi/iinoe e aooe/iinoe. A yoii neo/aa ii
euao i?eciaiey, caueou e iiieiaiey a iaeuo nioeeaeueiuo a?oiiao, eioi?ua
ea?atho aeey iaai ?ieue eieeaeoeaiiai iooea e iaoa?e e oaea /a?ac
iiaeiaiua a?oiiu aini?eieiaao eoeueoo?o e ineoieiaeth naiaai ia?iaea,
eioi?ua eiiiaine?otho aio oi, /oi ii ia iieo/ee io naieo ?iaeeoaeae. Oae
eee eia/a nouanoaoao neiaeioe/aneay naycue n ?iaeeoaeyie eae eiie?aoiuie
ethaeueie, e n ?iaeeoaeyie eae neiaieaie ?iaeeiu e ia?iaea, i?e/ai, /oi
i/aiue aaaeii, iacaaiiay naycue ii a?oaoeie/aneei eaiaeai ooiaeeo a
aeoai/aeooth ae?aaiinoue.
Naia iaoeeiiaeueiay eoeueoo?a, aeeth/ay nthaea e iaoeeiiaeueioth
ineoieiaeth, iiaeao noeioee?iaaoue oa??i?enoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea, iniaaiii
anee yoa eoeueoo?a aa?anneaiay, anee iia iie?aaony ia naith
iaiau/iinoue, eca?aiiinoue e eneeth/eoaeueiinoue, ianiiiaiiia
i?aainoiaenoai iaae ae?oaeie ia?iaeaie; anee a iaoeeiiaeueiii oa?aeoa?a
y?ei au?aaeaiu ia?oeenne/aneea /a?ou, anee aeaiiue oa?aeoa? ioee/aao
?eaeaeiinoue, o.a. cano?aaaaiinoue, eiaaea aeaaiea iaeaeu aiiaue e
aiiaue aeooaeece?othony, ianiio?y ia caiaoii eciaieaoeany aiaoiea
oneiaey. O ia?iaea n oaeeie /a?oaie oa??i?enoe/aneia oaeenoai anaaaea
aoaeao ?anoeaieaaoueny eae aa?ieci: aioniue oaeeoea Aanaaa noae
iaoeeiiaeueiui aa?iai /a/aioeaa iinea iaaaaa ia a. Aoaeaiiiane a 1995 a.
e eiae oainu noaoue eo i?aceaeaioii. Yoi ia neo/aeiinoue, yoi
caeiiiia?iinoue aeey anao no?ai n iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneei oa??i?eciii.
Eae e ai iiiaeo ae?oaeo neo/ayo, /eainoai a oa??i?enoe/aneie a?oiia
iaeaaeaao aeinoaoi/ii iiuiui e aaoiiiiiui iioeaaoeeiiiui yooaeoii.
I?aaeaea anaai yoi ioiineony e oae neacaoue cae?uoui a?oiiai, eioi?ua
caieiathony iieeoe/aneei e «eaeaaeenoe/aneei» oa??i?eciii: eo /eaiu
aaaeoo iaeaaaeueiia nouanoaiaaiea, eo nayce n iauanoaii iai?aaiu eee
nouanoaaiii ia?aie/aiu, /oi, eae i?aaeei, eiiiaine?oaony naiei oaeoii
/eainoaa a a?oiia. Eae ni?aaaaeeeai ioia/aao Aeae. Iiono, aeaei a?oiiu –
«eaeaieiaey» – eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea, ii iii ia yaeyaony aaaeouei
iioeaii anooieaiey a a?oiio. Iii neoaeeo nei?aa eiae/aneei iainiiaaieai,
niciaoaeueii e ioe?uoi au?aaeaaiui iioeaii. Aeaaiue iioea anooieaiey a
iaa iineo ai?acaei aieaa ee/iinoiue oa?aeoa? e ei?aieony a eiaeeaeaeao,
a eo no?aieaiee e oe?aieaieth ee/iinoiie eaeaioe/iinoe e, /oi iniaaiii
aaaeii, e i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe e a?oiia. Ianeaaeiaaiea /eaiia
caiaaeiiaa?iaineeo e eoaeueyineeo oa??i?enoe/aneeo a?oii iaia?oaeeei o
ieo ieceoth naiiioeaieo, iaaaeaeaaoioth eioaa?e?iaaiiinoue ee/iinoe,
neeiiiinoue i?iaoee?iaaoue ia iauanoai naie iaoaea/e, eioi?uo auei
iaiaei e eioi?ua iie aieaciaiii ia?aaeeaaee. Aeey oaeeo iaeeiieeo e
io/oaeaeaiiuo ee/iinoae oa??i?enoe/aneay a?oiia aeieaeia auea caiaieoue
naiueth, eioi?ie o ieo ieeiaaea ia auei.
Oaeeoea Ieaaa oa??i?eno Naciiia iacuaae Aiaaoth i?aaiecaoeeth yna?ia,
/eaiii eioi?ie ii ninoiye, «aicethaeaiiie iaoa?ueth» e anaaaea ienae i
iae a auni?aiiii noeea. ?oeiaiaeeoaey Aiaaie i?aaiecaoeee a 1901-1903
aa. Aa?ooie ii n/eoae «aiieiuaieai oiai, /ai /aeiaae aeieaeai noaoue…
/a?ac nioie eao», ia?acoeaie aeey iiae?aaeaiey aeey iaai auee oa??i?enou
Ia?ey Nie?eaeiiiaa, Eaai Eaeyaa, Ai?en Naaeieia, iineaaeiaai Naciiia
n/eoae «/oaeaniui oeaaoeii, ioeoaea-oi caianaiiui». Ii /?acau/aeii
aieaciaiii aini?eiye ?aciaea/aiea Acaoa, ?oeiaiaeeoaey Aiaaie
i?aaiecaoeee, eae i?aaeaoaey, /oi, eae iieaaatho iaeioi?ua
enneaaeiaaoaee, iniaaiii a nayce n iauei e?ecenii ia?oee yny?ia e
naa?ouaaieai oa??i?a aeoeaii niinianoaiaaei oooaeoaieth ineoe/aneiai
caei?iauey e naiioaeenoao Naciiiaa a 1910 a. I?aaiecaoeey aeey iaai auea
aai naiueae.
Oa??i?enoe/aneea a?oiiu iiaoo ninoiyoue ia oieueei ec aeaaieo
iaoaea/ieeia, iaoaa?aiiuo a naaa e no?aaeathueo iaiieiioeaiiinoueth
eeoe, ii e ec oiiuo, aieaauo, oaa?aiiuo a naieo neeao. Ia?aua, eae oaea
ioia/aeinue, euoo a a?oiia i?eciaiea e ineoieiae/aneia oaaaeeua, aoi?ua,
anee iie noaiiayony eeaea?aie, ioee/athony oaiaeaioeeae e
aeiieie?iaaieth e oi?aaeaieth ie?oaeathueie. Anee yoi oae, oi,
ii-aeaeeiiio, ca oeacaiiie oaiaeaioeeae noieo aunieay o?aaiaeiinoue,
iineieueeo /aeiaae, iaaeaeaiiue aieaauie ea/anoaaie, no?aieony
oi?aaeyoue ae?oaeie e i?aaieciauaaoue eo ia naioth aeanoieoth aa?anneth
a nayce n oai, /oi a eiii neo/aa ii aanniciaoaeueii iianaaony nai noaoue
iauaeoii ianeeey. *aua eiaiii oaeea ee/iinoe (iie iiaoo aeaenoaiaaoue ia
oieueei a ninoaaa a?oiiu, ii e a iaeeii/eo) yaeythony oai?oeaie
eaeaieiaee oa??i?ecia eeai, onaiea, i?eiya /uea-oi /oaeia o/aiea,
aeoeaiaeoei ia?acii iiaeaea?aeeaatho aai e aa?aa?neeie iaoiaeaie
iuoathony aiaae?eoue a aeeciue.
Anoanoaaiii, /oi iianiinoue aeey oa??i?enoe/aneie, eae e ethaie ae?oaie
i?anooiiie a?oiiu, ni noi?iiu a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe aiieia ?aaeueia, ii a?oiia ?aaeei i?eciaao, /oi eiaiii iia
ii?iaeeea oaeoth ?aaeoeeth naieie iauanoaaiii iianiuie aeaenoaeyie.
Ia?ac aea a?aaa a?oiia nicaeaao aua a naiii ia/aea, eiaaea iia oieueei
oi?ie?oaony – yoi aa enoiaeiay iiceoeey ia a?aie ia?aiieyeueiinoe: a?aa
aeieaeai auoue, /oiau auei eiai nie?ooaoue e oai naiui aeaoue auoiae
anae iaeiieaoaeny aeano?oeoeaiie yia?aee. Anee au a?aaa ia auei,
aa?anney auea au iai?aaeaia ia ae?oaea oaeea aea eee eiua i?anooiiua
a?oiiu. Oioy iaeiieaoeeny ?ac?ooeoaeueiue iioaioeeae i?e aeinoeaeaiee
ii?aaeaeaiiiai o?iaiy aeieaeai iaeoe auoiae, o.a. aiaoithth oeaeue, aeey
naiiai aai iaeiieaiey ioaeii iaeioi?ia a?aiy, a naii iaeiieaiea
neeaaeuaaaony ec aua?inia ioaeaeueiuo nio/anoieeia e naie aua?inu
ia?aoatho iiaia ea/anoai. A?oiia ioaeaeaaony ai aiaoiai iinooiea aeey
oiai, /oiau (e?iia ae?oaeo i/aiue aaaeiuo oeaeae) nieaeaoue naith
aioo?aiithth iai?aaeaiiinoue, ii?aaaeaoue naia nouanoaiaaiea e
iiaeaea?aeaoue nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneoth niei/aiiinoue.
Eiaaea «ioeoeeaeueii» aeaeea?e?oaiua oeaee aeinoeaioou, aeey ioaeaeueiuo
oa??i?enoia iiaeao ianooieoue ee/iay eaoano?ioa – y eiath a aeaeo oao,
eioi?ua ia/aee caieiaoueny oa??i?eciii ec iae?ioeeueneeo eee ea?iauo
iiaoaeaeaiee, ec aeaeaiey eaeaioeoeoee?iaaoueny a a?oiia e iieo/eoue aa
ineoieiae/aneoth iiaeaea?aeeo, eioi?ua ai anai aeiyo ae?oaeo e aioiau
inoeoue anaio ie?o, eioi?ui, iaeiiaoe, eo/oa anaai oaeaaony oi aeaei,
eiaaea ioaeii iieueciaaoueny i?oaeeai, e iie ia niiaoo iaeoe naay a
ie?iii o?oaea. Auoiaeu: ii?aaeaeaiea iiauo oeaeae aeey oa??i?enoe/aneie
aeoeaiinoe, iaaiie/anoai, iaueiiaaiiue aaiaeeoeci, ec?aaeea i?ee?uaaaiue
oeaaoanouie «eaauie» eee «i?aauie» o?acaie. Anoanoaaiii, ana yoi auoiaeu
aeey oao, eoi ia iiaea ai a?aiy oa??i?enoe/aneie aeoeee e ia iiiae a
oth?ueio. Enoaoe, ec oth?ueiu oiaea iiaeii ?oeiaiaeeoue oa??i?ii.
I?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e oaeei ?aoa?aioiui a?oiiai, i?e/anoiinoue e aa
«aa?ie/aneei» aeaeai, a oai aieaa aeoeaiia o/anoea a ieo, cia/eoaeueii
iiauoatho naiiioeaieo ee/iinoe, nieaeatho o?aaiaeiinoue ii iiaiaeo naieo
nioeeaeueiuo e nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneeo noaoonia, oi?ie?otho niune
aeecie. Ineoieiae/aneay caaeneiinoue eiaeeaeaea io a?oiiu aoaeao aua
neeueiaa, anee ii aaaeii ea?iauie iioeaaie, neeiiai e o/anoeth a
neooaoeeyo aunieiai, aeaaea nia?oaeueiiai ?enea, anee ii aeeaao iaeaieaa
iieiie aeeciueth a ino?uo, yiioeeiiaeueii ianuuaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao, a
eo oa??i?eci eae ?ac i?aaeinoaaeyao a eciaeeee. *ai aieueoa i?anooieaiee
niaa?oaao a?oiia, oai aeano/a aai i?eaycaiiinoue e iae, iineieueeo
oaia?ue iia aunooiaao aeaaiie e aeaaea aaeeinoaaiiie caueoieoeae io
aanueia ?aaeueiuo aiaoieo iianiinoae. Eiiaaea eeaea?u oieeatho a?oiio ia
niaa?oaiea eaeiai-ieaoaeue oyaeeiai e aeaaea iaoa??i?enoe/aneiai
i?anooieaiey, iai?eia? oaeenoaa (oae iinooiaee iaeioi?ua
aei?aaiethoeeiiiua ?inneeneea oa??i?enou), /oiau aua oaniaa naycaoue aa
/eaiia, noeaiaioe?iaaoue aioo?ea?oiiiaoth nieeaea?iinoue. Eieaaethueany
e niiiaaathueany ia ioaeiu oaeiio iaoi?iaeueiiio iauaaeeiaieth, oai
aieaa, anee iii caeiinie?e?iaaii e aaaeao iaeaaaeueiia nouanoaiaaiea; io
oaeeo iaiaoiaeeii ecaaaeyoueny ethaui niiniaii. Anoue e aeia?iaieueiue
enoiae, eiaaea iaeioi?ua ethaee naie i?ae?auatho o/anoea a
oa??i?enoe/aneeo oi?ie?iaaieyo, ii yoi naycaii ia noieueei n eo
«oioae?aieai», neieueei ni niaiie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo aeeciaiiuo oeeeeia.
Oioy ?aoaiea anooieoue a iaoeeiiaeenoe/anei-naia?aoenoneoth a?oiio
iineo, ii iiaieth Aeae. Iionoa, iaiaa aeoaieee oa?aeoa? e ia
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iieiiai ?ac?uaa n iauanoaii, caeanue oaeaea aeaeaiea
anooieoue a a?oiio aiieia iiaeao aicieeaoue ec /oanoaa io/oaeaeaiey.
No?aia aaneia a Eniaiee i?eia/aoaeueiui ia?acii iaeii?iaeia. Oieueei 8%
naiae yaeythony niaoaiiuie eniaii-aaneneeie, e aeaoe ec yoeo naiae
i?ace?athony e ioaa?aathony. Iaeiaei oeaeuo 40% /eaiia oa??i?enoe/aneie
i?aaiecaoeee YOA, oeaeue eioi?ie ninoieo a onoaiiaeaiee ioaeaeueiiai
aaneneiai ainoaea?noaa, i?ienoiaeyo ec oaeeo niaoaiiuo naiae. Ia
i?eiaaeeaaea e ii?aaeaeaiiie a?oiia, iaoiaeynue ia iai/eia iauanoaa, iie
no?aiyony noaoue «aaneaie ec aaneia». Iie i?aoaaee/eaatho naith
iieeoe/aneoth eaeaioe/iinoue n oeaeueth aeinoeaiooue
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneie eaeaioe/iinoe. Iio?aaiinoue i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe
e a?oiia naienoaaiia oa??i?enoai ai anai ie?a, eaeeie au ?acee/iuie ie
auee eo eaeaieiae/aneea oeaee. A iniiaa oaeie iio?aaiinoe eaaeeo
iaiieiay eee ?acae?iaeaiiay nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneay eaeaioe/iinoue,
oae /oi aaeeinoaaiiia, aeaaiaea?y /aio eiaeeaeae /oanoaoao naay
aeinoaoi/ii oeaeinoiui, yaeyaony naycue n a?oiiie, i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e
iae noaiiaeony aaaeiui eiiiiiaioii aai naiiiiciaiey e ooiaeaiaioii
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneie eaeaioe/iinoe.
Eiia/ii, a?oiia eaeaaeece?oaony aa i?aaeaiiui /eaiii eee ia/oathuei a
iaa iiianoue, aa noaiaea?ou noaiiayony noeioeaie iiaaaeaiey noauaeoa, ii
oi, /oi iia aiai?eo, iieiinoueth niioaaonoaoao aai «ss», oi, /oi iia
o?aaoao, aeaeaaii ei naiei. Aio eiioi?oii e iioiio, /oi ia ana naie
aii?inu, ii?ie io/eoaeueiua, aeeciaiii cia/eiua, ii ii/oe iaaa?iyea
iaeaeao ioaaou o iaa, i?e/ai i/aiue /anoi aioiaua. Ana, /oi aia aa eee
aia oie nioeeaeueiie iauiinoe, eioi?oth iia oae aeinoieii i?aaenoaaeyao,
ana /oaeaei, iaiiiyoii, a?aaeaeaaii, a iiyoiio aeieaeii auoue
ioaa?aiooi, a anee ioaeii – oie/oiaeaii.
Aaaeiui niiniaii iaania/aiey aioo?ea?oiiiaie niei/aiiinoe e iiae/eiaiey
eaaeaeiai iauei eioa?anai – yoi oi?ie?iaaiea ia?aca aaniiuaaeiiai,
eiaa?iiai, ia ana aioiaiai a?aaa a eeoea iauanoaa, ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe, nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu, ae?oaie ?aeeaee, ae?oaie iaoeee e o.ae. I?e
yoii aeieaeii auoue iaania/aii /a?ii-aaeia aeaeaiea ie?a a oii niunea,
/oi «ana ia iaoa – ieioia, ana iaoa – oi?ioaa». «Anai ieioei» a aieaa
?aaeeeo neo/ayo iiaeao auoue aanue ie?, eae e «anai oi?ioei» – oieueei
a?oiia, e oiaea a aieaa ?aaeeeo neo/ayo.
Iacaaiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey iaoiaeyo aeeaie ioeeee, iniaaiii o iaioeoia,
eioi?ua anaaaea niooii iuouaee, /oi eo aeeciaiiua iaoaea/e e i?iaaeu
i?iecioee ia iioiio, /oi iie iaaa?ii eee aaci?aanoaaiii iinooiaee, a
iioiio, /oi e iei ana auee iani?aaaaeeeau, eo aac anyeeo iniiaaiee
i?aneaaeiaaee e o.ae. Oieueei caeanue, n?aaee niaeuo e ?aoeoaeueiuo
ethaeae, aioiauo ia ana, iie iaoee, iaeiiaoe, i?eciaiea e iiaeaea?aeeo.
Ioiuia iaiaaenoue e iauanoao (aeanoe, no?ith, nioeeaeueiie a?oiia e
ae?.) aoaeao ne?aieyoue eo aianoa. Eae oieueei a?aa ii?aaeaeai,
eaeie-eeai i?aanoaaiiue naiioi?ae en/acaao, iineieueeo oie/oiaeeoue,
ionoue e aanueia aeanoieei ia?acii, yoiai iaiaaenoiiai i?ioeaieea,
ioaaonoaaiiiai ca ana aaaeu, nianai ia aii?aeueii.
Iacaaiiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie a aieueoae ia?a iaeaaeatho aaoiiiiiua
oa??i?enoe/aneea a?oiiu, /ai oa, eioi?ua ninoaaeytho /anoue aieueoie
oa??i?enoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee eee iaia?aiii nicaeathony ainoaea?noaii
aeey, iai?eia?, iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oa??i?ecia. A iineaaeiai neo/aa iia
iiaeao aeeth/aoue a naay eaae?iauo nio?oaeieeia niaoeneoaea e aieueoa
iioiaeeo ia aiaiioth aaeeieoeo. A iae nii?u i eeaea?noaa i?aeoe/anee ia
aicieeatho, iineieueeo aa aicaeaaeyao oio, eoi iacia/ai auoanoiyuei
?oeiaiaenoaii. Ii aiiaua no?iaay aeenoeeieeia, iiae/eiaiea i?eeaco eee
oeacaieth eiiaiaee?a (eeaea?a, aeaaa?y), niaethaeaiea eiinie?aoeee,
/aoeia acaeiiaeaenoaea e o.ae. yaeythony oneiaeyie auaeeaaiey ethaie
oaeie a?oiiu e aaaeiui iiiaioii neooaoeeiiiie iioeaaoeee.
2. Oeiieiaey iioeaia oa??i?ecia
Aeaenoaey oa??i?enoia, aeaaea iieeoe/aneeo, iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneeo e
«eaeaieiae/aneeo», iau/ii eaaeoony ?aoeeiiaeueiuie, i?iaeoiaiiuie,
oi?ioi iiaeaioiaeaiiuie, ia neo/aeii iaia?oaeeoue e caaea?aeaoue
i?anooiieeia auaaao i/aiue o?oaeii; a?iaea au ia aeieaeii aucuaaoue
niiiaiee oi, /oi ia?aae iaie ?acoiiua, ciathuea naie oeaee e aeaeaeeiua
yniuie iioeaaie ethaee. Iaeiaei, eae niaianoeoue naaoeua eaeaaeu e
ia/aeiaa/aneoth aeanoieinoue oa??i?enoia, aunioo eo iiiuneia e
i?eieoeaiinoue acaeyaeia e ciaiee, aioiaiinoue e naiiiiaea?oaiaaieth
?aaee ethaeae e oaa?aiiinoue a aeiionoeiinoe oie/oiaeaiey iiiaeo ec ieo
?aaee oi?aeanoaa naieo caiuneia. Iiyoiio iiaeii neacaoue, /oi
aia/aoeaiea iiiyoiinoe e yniinoe iioeaia oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeoia aanueia
iaiai/eai. Eae e iiiaeanoai ae?oaeo /aeiaa/aneeo iinooieia, iioeaaoeey
oa??i?ecia iineo neiaeiue, iiiaio?iaiaaue, iaiaeiicia/iue oa?aeoa?, naie
iioeau a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a aanniciaoaeueiu e eo iaiaoiaeeii ?acee/aoue
a caaeneiinoe io aeaeiaie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe eiie?aoiiai i?anooiiiai aeoa.
Neiaeiinoue iaia?oaeaiey iiaeeeiiuo iioeaia oa??i?ecia naycaia n oai,
/oi o iaai eiaaony aeaa aniaeoa – ?aoeeiiaeueiue e e??aoeeiiaeueiue.
?aoeeiiaeueiinoue caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau n iiiiuueth /?acau/aeiiai
ianeeuenoaaiiiai aeoa, eioi?ue ianoieueei auoiaeeo ca ?aiee nioeeaeueiuo
ii?i, /oi canoaaeyao Nenoaio eaeoe ia onooiee oa??i?enoai, aeinoeaiooue
eiie?aoiie oeaee: i?eciaiey o?aaoaiuo iieeoe/aneeo eee iaoeeiiaeueiuo
naiaiae, auionea ia naiaiaeo ae?oaeo oa??i?enoia, iiae?uaa noaaeeueiinoe
a iauanoaa e o.ae. I/aiue /anoi yoe ?aoeeiiaeueiua oeaee aeinoeaathony,
ii yooaeo io ieo inoaaony i/aiue eieaeueiui eae ii a?aiaie, oae e ii
nioeeaeueiiio iauaio. Canoeaiooay a?anieio Nenoaia, eae ni?aaaaeeeai
ioia/aao I.Iaeaioueaaa, aia/aea iiaeao iiae/eieoueny oa??i?enoai, ii
caoai eniiaeaieue e iinoaiaiii eni?aaeyao iaaaoeaiua iineaaenoaey
iiae?uaiuo aeaenoaee. E??aoeeiiaeueiue aniaeo oa??i?ecia aeeth/aao a
naay yecenoaioeeaeueiue iiuo, eioi?ue ia?aaeeaaao aai o/anoiee. I?e
oa??i?enoe/aneii aeoa nicaeaaony oieeaeueiay ineoieiae/aneay neooaoeey,
a eioi?ie ethaee ia/eiatho aeaenoaiaaoue ii niaa?oaiii eiui caeiiai,
iaaeaee a iau/iie aeecie, a nenoaia i?eiyouo naycae. Iai?eia?, a
neooaoeee «oa??i?eno – caeiaeiee» ae?aia i?eia?aoaao iniaue, aeoaeiiue,
ii/oe iioieiae/aneee niune, iineieueeo iaeaieaa iiaa?oiinoiua neie
ee/iinoe iaiiaaiii niuaathony ia?aae eeoeii aiieia ?aaeueiie e
iauaeoeae?iaaiiie nia?oe. Nai oa??i?eno noaiiaeony eae au noauaeoii
nia?oe: n iaeiie noi?iiu, ii aucuaaao ia naay anth aeaaioneoth
?ac?ooeoaeueioth iiuue Nenoaiu, a n ae?oaie – iieo/aao ieiieaoiia, ii
e?aeia ino?ia iniciaiea aaniethoiiai i?aainoiaenoaa iaae caeiaeieeaie e
aeanoe iaae eo aeeciyie.
Caeanue anoue e iacioeci, a?aie/auee n ?aeeaeiciui io/aie/anoaii,
iineieueeo oa??i?enoo a?iceo nia?oueth Nenoaia, anoue e naaeeci,
iineieueeo ii iieo/aao oaeiaeaoai?aiea io ainiiaenoaa iaae caeiaeieeaie.
A oeaeii aea iiuo oa??i?a aica?auaao o/anoieeia e iaeioi?ui aeoaeiiui,
aaciaui o?iaiyi nouanoaiaaiey, i eioi?uo a ii?iaeueiie aeecie
iiaeaaeythuaa aieueoeinoai ethaeae aeaaea ia iiaeic?aaaao, ii eioi?ua
iaaeaeeii e iainiciaii aeeytho ia aanue no?ie /aeiaa/aneie aeecie. Yoei
iauyniyaony oae iacuaaaiue «noieaieueineee neiae?ii», o.a.
aeia?iaieueiia ioiaeaeanoaeaiea caeiaeieea n oa??i?enoii e i?eiyoea aai
noi?iiu. Aeaei ooo ia oieueei a caueoiii iaoaiecia ineoeee: aea?oaa
aeaenoaeoaeueii iiaeao auoue aeaaiaea?ia iaea/o ca o?ie ineoieiaee
iia?aie/iuo ninoiyiee e aeoaeiiie aio?iiieiaee, /oi iiae/an iicaieyao
/aeiaaeo niiioaiii iniciaoue nianoaaiioth i?e?iaeo9.
Oeiieiaey iioeaia oa??i?ecia iaiaeiie?aoii ianoaeaeaeanue a iao/iie
ia/aoe, iineieueeo yoa i?iaeaia eiaao ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea aeey iaoee
e i?aeoeee. Niia?aaeaiey ii yoiio iiaiaeo, anoanoaaiii, auneacuaaeenue
naiua ?aciua.
N.A. Yoe?ia iacuaaao neaaeothuea iioeau oa??i?ecia: naiiooaa?aeaeaiea,
naiieaeaioeoeeaoeey, iieiaeaaeiay ?iiaioeea e aa?ieci, i?eaeaiea naiae
aeayoaeueiinoe iniaie cia/eiinoe, i?aiaeieaiea io/oaeaeaiey,
eiioi?iecia, iaacee/ee, noaiaea?oecaoeee, ia?aeiaeueiinoe, i?anuuaiey e
o.i. Aiciiaeiu ei?unoiua iioeau, eioi?ua iiaoo auoaniyoue eaeaeiua eee
ia?aieaoaoueny n ieie. E?iia oiai, eiai-oi iaieiatho aeey niaa?oaiey
oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeoia.
Naiui iniiaiui iioeaii N.A. Yoe?ia n/eoaao «eaeaeiue aaniethoeci»,
«aeaeaciua» oaaaeaeaiey a iaeaaeaiee aaeeinoaaiiie, aunoae,
ieii/aoaeueiie enoeiie, oieeaeueiui ?aoeaioii nianaiey» naiaai ia?iaea,
a?oiiu eee aeaaea /aeiaa/anoaa. Oaeay iaioaeueiinoue i?enoua,
?acoiaaony, ia oieueei oa??i?enoai, ii ia?aaeei iieeoe/aneei e
?aeeaeiciui eeaea?ai, i?iiiaaaeieeai, iieeiaiaeoeai e ae?. A ioee/ea io
ieo, o oa??i?enoa, iieiaaoaai «neithth ioeoeo» aaniethoiie enoeiu,
aicieeaao anoanoaaiiia aeaeaiea i?eiaueoue e iae ae?oaeo eee ono?aieoue
ianiaeaniuo. Ethaie oeaiie! Oae «eaeaeiue aaniethoeci» i?aaie/ii
ia?a?anoaao a oa??i?eci. Aaaeii ioiaoeoue i?e yoii, /oi, oioy ana
aaniethou, eae i?aaeei, ?ooeeenue, anyeia iiaia ianneainoai –
iieeoe/aneia, iaoeeiiaeueiia, ?aeeaeiciia – anaaaea n/eoaao naay
oieeaeueiui, iineaaeiei, ieii/aoaeueiui («E?oaeue noie» aeo?iaea
«Ainoaea?noai e i?aai», 1994).
N aieueoeinoaii i?eaaaeaiiuo caeanue niia?aaeaiee neaaeoao niaeaneoueny,
ii, eiia/ii, eaaeaeue ec iacaaiiuo iioeaia o?aaoao ianoiyoaeueiiai
aiaeeca. A ea/anoaa iauaai caia/aiey iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi,
ai-ia?auo, iioeau caiaoii ioee/athony a eiie?aoiuo aeaeao
oa??i?enoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey; ai-aoi?uo, aeaaea a ?aieao iaeiiai e oiai
aea i?anooiiiai aeoa ?aciua aai o/anoieee iiaoo noeioee?iaaoueny ?aciuie
iioeaaie.
I?aaeaea anaai ioaeii ioiaoeoue ianiiiaiiinoue oaeiai iioeaa eae
naiiooaa?aeaeaiea, eioi?ue /anoi ia?aieaoaaony n aeaeaieai
aeiieie?iaaoue, iiaeaaeyoue e oi?aaeyoue ie?oaeathueie. Oaeay
iio?aaiinoue auaaao naycaia n aunieie o?aaiaeiinoueth, eioi?ay :eiaaony
a neo/aa ainiiaenoaa a nioeeaeueiie n?aaea, i?e/ai ainiiaenoai iiaeao
aeinoeaaoueny n iiiiuueth a?oaie neeu, oie/oiaeaiey iaoaiaeiuo. Aeaiiue
iioea iaia?oaeeaaaony a ethaii aeaea oa??i?enoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey, oai
aieaa, /oi iiaeaaeaiea ae?oaeo /anoi iaania/eaaao e ee/ioth
aaciianiinoue. Aaiaea eaniuo ?acaieieeia, aea?aeaueo a no?aoa anth
ie?oao, e eo aeaaa?ue, eiiaiaee? aeaaea iaaieueoiai ieeoiaoeeiiiiai
aieineiai iiae?acaeaeaiey aoaeoo /oanoaiaaoue naay ioiineoaeueii
caueuaiiuie, anee ana a?aiy niiaoo oa??i?ece?iaaoue ianaeaiea. A naiii
oa??i?enoe/aneii aeoa i?anooiiee aeaiiino?e?oao oi, ia /oi niiniaai e
/oi oioae au iieacaoue ae?oaei (oi, aanno?aoea, eiaeinoue, oaoie/aneea
iaauee e o.ae.) e oai naiui naiiooaa?aeeoueny, o.a. a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
aeieacaoue naiiio naaa, /oi ana yoe ea/anoaa e o iaai anoue. Nai oaeie
aeo iiaeao niaa?oaoueny eiaiii ?aaee yoiai.
I?aaenoaaeyaony ianiiiaiiui e nouanoaiaaiea oaeiai iioeaa oa??i?ecia,
eae iieiaeaaeiay ?iiaioeea e aa?ieci, i?eaeaiea naiae aeecie e
aeayoaeueiinoe iniaie cia/eiinoe, y?einoe, iaiau/iinoe. Ai iiiaii yoi
ooiae a ieo e neaceo, a eioi?uo aeaenoaotho aanno?aoiua aa?ie, ianouea
ethaeyi aeia?i e neeie, ii?ie oeaiie iaiaeuo aea?oa, onoaiaaeeaathuea
ni?aaaaeeeainoue. Yoi ooiae e a caueuaiiia aeaonoai, a eioi?ii auei oae
niieieii e oi?ioi e aa?eeinue, /oi ana aeaeaaiia aeinoeaeeii. Oa??i?eno
naieie iinooieaie eaeaioeoeoee?oaony n eaaaiaea?iui (neaci/iui)
ia?niiaaeai e oai naiui oiaea ooaa?aeaeaaony e naiiooaa?aeaeaaony.
Neeyiea n ia?acii iieiaeeoaeueiiai aa?iy aiana ia iaycaoaeueii, iiaeao
auoue aea/aiea e e ceiio ia?niiaaeo. Oaeie aa?eaio eiaao ianoi, eiaaea
o?aaoaony ioiinoeoue naiei a?aaai, iau/ii ia eiathuei eiie?aoiiai eeoea,
ethaeyi aiiaua, naiei iaeae/eeai e a?aaai. A yoii neo/aa iaee/anoaoao
iauaa a?aaeaeaaiia ioiioaiea e aeecie e aeaaea, ia eneeth/aii,
ioa?auaiea e aeecie.
Iienee ?iiaioeee e aa?ieee, aanueia, ai?i/ai, naiaia?aciuo,
ia?aieaoathony o oa??i?enoa n ea?iaie iioeaaoeeae, iio?aaiinoueth a
?enea, iianiuo aeey aeecie e naiaiaeu iia?aoeeyo, iuouaiee naay a
iaiau/iuo neooaoeeyo. Aioiaynue e oa??i?enoe/aneiio aeoo, ieaie?oy aai,
iiaeuneeaay oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa eee nio/anoieeia, niaa?oay naie
oa??i?enoe/aneea aeaenoaey e ooiaey io i?aneaaeiaaiey, i?anooiiee aeeaao
iieiie aeeciueth. Ea?a i?iyaeyaony e a oii, /oi oa??i?eno anooiaao a
ii?aaeaeaiiua ioiioaiey n iauanoaii, ia oa?aeoa?iua aeey ae?oaeo
i?anooieaiee, – n aeanoueth, i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie, n?aaenoaaie
ianniaie eioi?iaoeee. Aa?y ia naay ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca niaa?oaiiia
ceiaeayiea, oa??i?eno oai naiui niiauaao eaeoth-oi eioi?iaoeeth i naaa e
n yoiai iiiaioa ia/eiaao iiaoth ea?o, iieioth aeey iaai aa?ieee. Aai
iieiaeaiea noaiiaeony iniaaiii uaeioeeaui e ino?ui, iineieueeo i?ioea
iaai iauaaeeieeinue ana iauanoai oie no?aiu, aaea ii niaa?oee
oa??i?enoe/aneee aeo. Aio iiyoiio i?eoiaeeony iaeneiaeueii
iiaeeeciauaaoue naie neeu e i?iyaeyoue naay, oai naiui aiiaue
naiiooaa?aeaeaynue; a oi, /oi i?ioea iaai aeaenoaotho iaiauyoiua neeu,
i?eaeaao aio a nianoaaiiuo aeacao aua aieueoa cia/eiinoe e aaniiinoe.
Iiaeii enoiaeeoue ec oiai, /oi iioeaii oa??i?enoe/aneiai aeoa aunooiaao
naiiooaa?aeaeaiea naay a aeeaeaeoae n?aaea, i?aaeaea anaai a ?aoa?aioiuo
a?oiiao. Iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue oaeaea, /oi oa??i?enoaie aeaeaeao iaeay
anaiiaeiuathuay, oaiaoe/iay eaeay, eioi?ie iie aacia?ii i?aaeaiu,
iai?eia?, ei?aiiie ia?ano?ieee iauanoaa e aeaaea anaai ie?a eee
«nianaiey» naiae iaoeee. Aua iaeia aeiioaca caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
oa??i?eci iiaeao aeeeoiaaoueny iio?aaiinoueth iieo/aiey cia/eoaeueiuo
auaiae aeey naiae nioeeaeueiie, iniaaiii iaoeeiiaeueiie, a?oiiu eee aeey
naay ee/ii. Oaeay auaiaea iiaeao iineoue e /enoi aeaiaaeiue oa?aeoa?.
Iaaeaeo oai auneacaiiua i?aaeiieiaeaiey ioiineoaeueii noeioeyoeee
oa??i?ecia, a oii /enea ca ieaoo, iaecaaaeii aucuaatho aanueia aaaeiue
aii?in: ii/aio aeey aeinoeaeaiey naiae oeaee oa??i?eno ecae?aao nia?oue,
oie/oiaeaiea e ono?aoaiea, a ia eaeie-ieaoaeue eiie niinia, a oii /enea
aiieia caeiiiue? Iai?eia?, caaea/e ia?ano?ieee iauanoaa, ?aaii eae e
iieo/aiey auaiae aeey naiae iaoeee, iiaeii ?aoaoue iooai aiieia
eaaaeueiie iieeoe/aneie ai?ueau. Oaiaoeci iiaeao oieeaoue /aeiaaea a
iaenoiaoth ?aeeaeiciinoue eee ienoeeo, ii aac ac?uaia aiia. Aeaiueae
oiaea iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu aac o/eiaiey i?anooiiuo aeaenoaee, iai?eia?
iooai eiiia?oeee, /oi oai aieaa aa?ii, iineieueeo a oa??i?ecia /anoi
o/anoaotho e aeinoaoi/ii iaania/aiiua ethaee. Noaei auoue, aicieeaao
iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaeoe aeaaiia eee aeaaea aaeeinoaaiiia, /oi ii?iaeaeaao
oieueei oa??i?eci eee eiua aeaenoaey, aanueia noiaeiua n iei ii naiae
i?e?iaea e iniiaiui oa?aeoa?enoeeai, iiae/an noiaeiua aei oiai, /oi eo
o?oaeii ioaeaeeoue io iaai – y eiath a aeaeo e i?aaiaoth eaaeeoeeaoeeth.
Iaeia ec aeaaiuo caaea/ iaoee i /aeiaaea eae ?ac e caeeth/aaony a iienea
oiai oieeaeueiiai iioeaa, eioi?ue ii?iaeaeaao eiaiii aeaiiia iiaaaeaiea.
ss iieaaath, /oi iaeiei ec oaeeo iioeaia, anee eiaoue a aeaeo oa??i?eci,
aeaeouee /aeiaa/aneea aea?oau, aunooiaao aea/aiea ioaeaeueiuo ethaeae e
nia?oe, e oie/oiaeaieth, noieue aea neeueiia, eae e aea/aiea e aeecie.
Eiiai e ia iiaeao auoue, iineieueeo aea/aiey e nia?oe a ecaanoiii niunea
aaeaeaaoii aea/aieth e aeecie, a o eiie?aoiiai /aeiaaea iie iiaoo
iaee/anoaiaaoue iaa eae aiaeaaeaioiua oaiaeaioeee. Aea/aiea e nia?oe
(iae?ioeeey) iauaaeeiyao cia/eoaeueioth a?oiio ethaeae, eioi?ua ?aoatho
naie aeaaiua i?iaeaiu, nay nia?oue, i?eaaaay e iae eee iaeneiaeueii
i?eaeeaeaynue.
Iae?ioeeey, eae ienae Y.O?iii, ?iaenoaaiia o?aeaeianeiio
aiaeueii-naaeenoneiio oa?aeoa?o e einoeieoo nia?oe, ii eeoue
?iaenoaaiia, a ia aaeaeaaoia. Iae?ioeeu aeeaoo i?ioeui e ieeiaaea ia
aeeaoo aoaeouei, n/eoae Y.O?iii, e yoi iaoiaeeo naia aeinoiaa?iia
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea iniaaiii o iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneeo oa??i?enoia, eioi?ua oae
ethayo ainoaaeyoue aa?ie/aneia i?ioeia naiaai ia?iaea e aac inoaoea
i?aaeaiiu o?aaeeoeeyi. Aeey iae?ioeea oa?aeoa?ia oaeaea onoaiiaea ia
neeo, eae ia ia/oi, /oi ?ac?ooaao aeeciue. I?eiaiaiea neeu ia yaeyaony
iaaycaiiui aio ianoiyoaeuenoaaie i?aoiaeyuei aeaenoaeai – iii yaeyaony
aai ia?acii aeecie. «Eae aeey oiai, eoi ethaeo aeeciue, iniiaiie
iiey?iinoueth a /aeiaaea yaeyaony iiey?iinoue ioae/eiu e aeaiueiu, oae
aeey iae?ioeeia nouanoaoao niaa?oaiii eiay iiey?iinoue – iaaeaeo oaie,
eoi eiaao aeanoue oaeaaoue, e oaie, eiio yoa aeanoue ia aeaia. Aeey ieo
nouanoaotho oieueei aeaa «iiea»: iiaouanoaaiiua e eeoaiiua aeanoe,
oaeeoeu e oaeoua. Iie aethaeaiu a oaeaathueo e i?ace?atho oao, eiai
oaeaatho. Eiiaaea oaeoth «aethaeaiiinoue a oaeaathueo» iiaeii iiieiaoue
aoeaaeueii: iie yaeythony i?aaeiaoii naenoaeueiuo ono?aieaiee e
oaioacee… Aeeyiea ethaeae oeia Aeoea?a e Noaeeia oaeaea iieieony ia eo
iaia?aie/aiiie niiniaiinoe e aioiaiinoe oaeaaoue. Ii yoie i?e/eia iie
auee ethaeiu iae?ioeeaie. Iaeie aiyeenue eo e, ia aeaeay i?eciaaaoueny
naaa a yoii no?aoa, i?aaeii/eoaee ainoeuaoueny eie. Ae?oaea ia
/oanoaiaaee iae?ioeeueiiai a yoeo aiaeaeyo e aeaeaee a ieo niceaeaoaeae,
nianeoaeae e aeia?uo «iooeia»10.
Oa??i?eno aeaeaao nia?oue naiei oaoeoai, oai aieaa, /oi nai
oa??i?enoe/aneee aeo aeieaeai aiooaoue no?ao, aeaaea oaean. Caeanue
oa?ica nia?oe e ?ac?ooaiey, aiieia aiciiaeiuo a aoaeouai,
iaaeno?aeaaaony iaae oaea naa?oeaoeiny, ia?acoao ie?aieaeo, eioi?ay
aaeaieia aeieaeia ono?aoaoue. Eiia/ii, no?anoue e e?iaaaiio ianeeeth
i?enoua ia iaeiei oa??i?enoai, ii e iaaiiui oaeeoeai, aiaiiui iaaiieeai,
naenoaeueiui iaiueyeai-oaeeoeai, anai oai, eoi eeoaao aeecie ae?oaiai ia
«neo/aeii», iiae neeueiui aeaaeaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa, ia a iaenoianoaa eee
a ninoiyiee yiioeeiiaeueiiai iio?ynaiey, ia aaeeiiaeaeu, a iinoiyiii e
iinoaiaiii, ia/eiay n iaeeeo aeoia ianeeey, eoi, oie/oiaeay, eiaiii a
yoio iiiaio, aeeaao iaeaieaa iieiie aeeciueth. I/aiue aaaeii
iiae/a?eiooue, /oi aeaiiue iioea, eae e aieueoeinoai ae?oaeo, nouanoaoao
ia aanniciaoaeueiii o?iaia e e?aeia ?aaeei iniciaaony aeaenoaothuei
noauaeoii. Ii /anoi auaaao aaaeouei, /oi ia eneeth/aao iaee/ey ae?oaeo,
aeiiieieoaeueiuo iioeaia, iai?eia? ei?unoiuo.
Iaeioi?ua oa??i?enou, iniaaiii oa??i?enou-naiioaeeoeu, aoeaaeueii
ca/a?iaaiu nia?oueth, ii a oi aea a?aiy naiae aeia?iaieueiie aeaaeueth
iuoathony iaannia?oeoue naay e yoei niiniaii i?aiaeieaoue nianoaaiiue
no?ao nia?oe. Aeaei a oii, /oi nayiea nia?oe anoue iaeei ec niiniaia
niyoey no?aoa ia?aae iae, iineieueeo iia oiaaea ineoieiae/anee
iaeneiaeueii i?eaeeaeaaony e /aeiaaeo, noaiiaeony aieaa iiiyoiie.
Oa??i?eno-naiioaeeoea – yoi ee/iinoue n i/aiue aunieei o?iaiai
o?aaiaeiinoe, a iiyoiio ii iinoiyiii, oioy e ia aanniciaoaeueiii o?iaia,
euao oi, /oi aucuaaao o iaai o?aaiao, e iaoiaeeo yoi a nia?oe. Ioithaeue
ia neo/aeii oa oa??i?enou, eioi?ua iinea niaa?oaiey oa??i?enoe/aneiai
aeoa inoaeenue a aeeauo, i?iaeieaeaee no?aieoueny e nia?oe. Ia?ey
Nie?eaeiiiaa, niaa?oea oaeenoai Eoaeaiianeiai, «onie?eoaey» e?anoueyi,
ieeai ia auea caaea?aeaia, ii naia aea noaea e?e/aoue a oieia.
Ioeacuaaynue iiaeaaaoue aiiaeyoeeth, iiyniyea, /oi aa nia?oue ioaeia
aeey n/anouey ia?iaea. Niciiia, oaeeoea Ieaaa, ia eaoi?aa ana-oaee
iieii/ee n niaie.
Iioeaaoeey oa??i?enoe/aneeo naiioaeenoa aanueia neiaeia, iineieueeo a
ieo ia?aieaoathony iioeau e oa??i?ecia, e naiioaeenoaa. Iacaaiiua iioeau
/aua i?iyaeythony i?e ni/aoaiee iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneeo noeioeyoeee n
?aeeaeiciui ooiaeaiaioaeeciii. Ii yoi a iniiaiii aiaoia: y ieneieueei ia
i?aoiaiueoath cia/aiey ainieoaiey ee/iinoe a aeooa oaiaoecia e
yeno?aiecia, o?aaeeoeee aaeiaie iaiaaenoe e ae?oaei ia?iaeai e eo
?aeeaee; aianoa n oai, oioaeinue au ioiaoeoue, /oi o
oa??i?enoa-naiioaeeoeu aeieaeia auoue ee/iinoiay, noauaeoeaiay
i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue e iiaeiaiiai ?iaea naiioaeenoao. Eiaaea ii
aioiaeony e iaio, a oai aieaa niaa?oaao, aai ineoeea iaoiaeeony a eiii,
ea/anoaaiii ioee/iii io iau/iiai ecia?aiee, ii oaea nouanoaoao eae au ia
a caeaoiae aeecie. Aai naiui iiuiui ia?acii i?eoyaeaaao nia?oue – naiy e
/oaeay, a iiyoiio n aieueoie noaiaiueth aa?iyoiinoe iiaeii aiai?eoue i
oaeii naiioaeeoea, eae i iae?ioeeueneie ee/iinoe. Aeaiiia
i?aaeiieiaeaiea oianoii e a oii neo/aa, anee nia?oue i?aaenoaaeyaony aio
/ai-oi i?ae?aniui11.
Anee no?anoiia aea/aiea e e?iaaaiio ianeeeth i?enoua e ae?oaei iianiui
ianeeuenoaaiiui i?anooiieeai, oi /ai aea io ieo ioee/athony oa??i?enou?
Ai-ia?auo, oai, /oi oeaeueth e niaea?aeaieai oa??i?a yaeyaony ono?aoaiea
(aiooaiea oaeana), no?aieaiea e oiio, /oiau oaeei iooai ia?aeeciaaoue
i?ioeaieea. Ai-aoi?uo, oa??i?eno, a ioee/ea io iaaiiiai oaeeoeu,
?acaieieea eee naenoaeueiiai oaeeoeu-iaiueyea iiaeao ?aoaoue ia oieueei
naie, noaoai noauaeoeaiua i?iaeaiu, ii e iauanoaaiiua, naycaiiua n
eioa?anaie aai iaoeee, ?aeeaee, naeou, nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu. Iiyoiio
iiaeii neacaoue, /oi iaeioi?ua oa??i?enou a ecaanoiii niunea /anoi
aanei?unoiu, yoi eae au i?anooiieee- « eaeaaeenou ».
Oaeeie «eaeaaeenoaie» iiaoo auoue ioaeaeueiua ?oeiaiaeeoaee
aeaniioe/aneeo ainoaea?noa, ene?aiia oaaaeaeaiiua a oii, /oi iie, aeaaea
?acaycuaay aaiioeeae i?ioea nianoaaiiiai ia?iaea, aeaenoaotho oieueei
?aaee aunoeo e aeaai?iaeiuo oeaeae, ?aaee aeinoeaeaiey iaeiaai eaeaaea,
iai?eia?, iino?iaiey eiiioiecia. *ai /eua a yoii ieaia iiiuneu ethaiai
oa??i?enoa, a /anoiinoe, ainoaea?noaaiiiai, /ai aieueoa ii i?aaeai eaeaa
e a oi aea a?aiy /ai aieueoa ineoieiae/anee io/oaeaeai io ethaeae, oai
aieueoa ii iianai. A yoii oaaaeaeaao aeeciue e ee/iinoue iiiaeo
aei?aaiethoeeiiiuo ?inneeneeo oa??i?enoia ec i?eaeeaae?iaaiiuo neiaa
iauanoaa. Iiaeiieueiay oa??i?enoe/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, eiia/ii, eeoaea
eo i?eau/iuo iaoa?eaeueiuo e aeooiaiuo aeaa.
Iineieueeo oa??i?eci iiiaieee, iioeaaoeey ioaeaeueiuo aai i?iyaeaiee
iineo ioia/aoie oiai oeia, e eioi?iio ioiineony aeaiiue oa??i?enoe/aneee
aeo. Iaeuecy iiiyoue, iai?eia?, oa??i?eci, naycaiiue n iaoeeiiaeeciii,
anee ia o/eouaaoue ?ieue e cia/aiea ?iaeeiu, iaoeee a aeecie /aeiaaea.
Iiiaea ethaee aanniciaoaeueii ia?aiinyo ia naie ?iae, ieaiy, iaoeeth,
?aeeaeth, ia caieth e i?e?iaeo a oeaeii naia ioiioaiea e iaoa?e eae e
ei?ieeeoea e caueoieoea, eioi?ay iieiao, iaeaneaao e caueoeo.
Aanueia e?anii?a/eaua aeieacaoaeuenoaa yoiai iiaeii iaeoe a oaeeo
au?aaeaieyo, eae «iaoue-caiey», a iaicia/aiee, iai?eia?, ?iaeiiai ycuea
eee noieeoeu no?aiu, iineieueeo a yoeo iaicia/aieyo i?enoonoaoao neiai
«iaoue» (iai?eia?, a aiaeeeneii e a?oceineii ycueao). Iineieueeo ?iaeaao
oieueei aeaiueia, aa ia?ac ioiaeaeanoaeyaony n ieiaei?iaeeai e aea?aie
i?e?iaeu, n naiie i?e?iaeie, io eioi?ie aeaaiiieo/ea ethaeae iieiinoueth
caaeneo e nae/an, oioy oaeia ioiioaiea e iae iiin?aaeiaaii oaia?ue
iiiaeie ii?iaeaeaieyie eoeueoo?u. Ii yoie i?e/eia aeaiueia aeaaii noaea
neiaieii caiiie aeecie e iaoa?eaeueiiai aeaaiiieo/ey ethaeae, eiuie
neiaaie – eo aiaeanoaii. Aiaeiy-iaoue – ia oieueei noi?oaa
aiaeanoaaiiiai oai?oea, ii iia ieeoeaoai?yao e aeaineia oai?/aneia
ia/aei a i?e?iaea. Oioy aia/aea aa ooieoeee eiiaaea ?ani?aaeaeyeenue
n?aaee ieoieiae/aneeo oeao?, ii iaai? yoeo ooieoeee aue aaeeiui.
*?acia?iay neiaeioe/aneay naycue n ?iaeii, ?anie, eiie nioeeaeueiie
a?oiiie eee ?aeeaeae noieue aea iiania, eae e iiaeiaiay aea naycue n
?aaeueiie iaoa?ueth. E a yoii neo/aa aeanoeay i?eaycaiiinoue eeoaao
/aeiaaea naiaiaeu, aeaeaao aai aeooei e neaiui, i?aiyonoaoao aai
?acaeoeth, yaeyynue iiuiui enoi/ieeii iaoeeiiaeecia, ?anecia, oiaeiecia,
?aeeaeiciie e iieeoe/aneie iaoa?ieiinoe, anyeiai ?iaea oaiaoecia, oioy e
i?ee?uaaaiiai caiieeie o?acaie e aiaoia i?eaeaeaoaeueiie neiaieeeie.
Eiaeea aeanoeie caaeneiinoe /aeiaaea io «iauaaeeiaiiie» iaoa?e oaeiaa,
/oi ii ioithaeue ia aeaeaao na?ineoue neiauaathuea aai ineoieiae/aneea
ioou, a, iai?ioea, no?aieony e oe?aieaieth eiioaeoia n iae, e aua aieaa
iieiiio aoiaeaeaieth a aa eiii. Anee ii iinooieo eia/a (a yoi auea au
eiay ee/iinoue), oi inoaiaony iaeeiieei, aaccaueoiui, i?aaeinoaaeaiiui
eeoue naiei neaaui neeai, /oi icia/aao cia/eoaeueiia iiauoaiea aai
o?aaiaeiinoe, aeaaea aei o?iaiy no?aoa nia?oe. Oaeie aea no?ao aunooiaao
a ea/anoaa iaeiiai ec naiuo iiuiuo noeioeia oa??i?enoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey
eioaioeeueiuo ee/iinoae.
N yoeo iiceoeee ynii, /oi iaoeeiiaeueiay a?oiie?iaea eee ia?oey
iieeoe/aneeo eee ?aeeaeiciuo aaeeiiiuoeaiieeia, iaenoiauo e
aaneiii?iienniuo, «ieaiaiiuo» iao?eioia eee oaiaoe/iuo iaoeeiiaeenoia
ninoieo, nianoaaiii, ec iaeeiieeo e ineoieiae/anee neaauo ethaeae,
eioi?ua iiaoo /oanoaiaaoue naay neeueiui oieueei a oieia. Iie io yoiai
ia iaiaa iianiu, iineieueeo iainiciaaaaiay eie oa?ica inoaoueny iaeei ia
iaeei n ie?oaeathuei ie?ii e n o?aaiaoe/iuie aioo?eee/iinoiuie
i?iaeaiaie, a oii /enea naenoaeueiuie, aeaeaao eo iniaaiii aa?anneaiuie.
Iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiua ?ani?e e iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneea aeaeaeaiey a ?anioaeeeao
auaoaai NNN? naieie aeoaeiiuie ei?iyie ooiaeyo a aacaeio ioiioaiee e
«i?inoi» iaoa?e, iaoa?e-?iaeeia, iaoeee, i?e?iaea, oiio, /oi,
iieuecoynue iiiyoeyie E.A. THiaa, iiaeii iacaaoue a?oaoeiii «Aaeeeay
Iaoue». Aeoeaecaoeey yoeo aeaeaeaiee aucaaia ?aniaaeii NNN?, eiaaea ia
noaei «Aaeeeiai Iooea» – iiuiie oeaio?aeueiie aeanoe.
Iniiauaaynue ia i?eaaaeaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao, iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae i
oii, /oi no?aieaiea e eaeaioeoeeaoeee n iaoa?ueth-?iaeeiie, iaoeeae e
o.ae., yaeyaony aeoaeiiui iioeaii oa??i?a, naycaiiiai n iaoeeiiaeeciii.
Naia nia?oue aunooiaao o ieo a ea/anoaa i?inoiai e i?aanoaaiii
i?eaieaiiai niiniaa ?aoaiey neiaeiaeoeo i?iaeai, oai aieaa /oi aeeciue
i?aaenoaaeoaey eiie iaoeee eee ?aeeaee ia i?aaenoaaeyaony oaiaoe/iiio e
naa?o?aaeeeaeueiiio acaeyaeo neeoeii aieueoie ieaoie. Yoi, nianoaaiii,
/a?ii-aaeia ioiioaiea e aeecie, /aoeia ?acaeaeaiea ia naieo e /oaeeo e
i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea eo ae?oa ae?oao.
Iaiaeoth ?ieue ea?atho o?aaeeoeee, iau/ae, any enoi?ey aeaiiiai ia?iaea
eee aeaiiie ?aeeaee, eo ineoieiaey, eo i?eaa?aeaiiinoue e oai eeai eiui
oi?iai iiaaaeaiey. Ii/oe anaaaea eaeaieiaeth e ineoieiaeth iaoeee, eae
ecaanoii, a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a ii?aaeaeyao ?aeeaey.
Ineoiaiaeec naycuaaao iaiaeieeiia aea/aiea e nia?oe n naiui ?aiiei
yoaiii ineoe/aneiai ?acaeoey, eioi?ue i?eoiaeeony ia ia?aua aiae-aeaa
aeecie. Aai iacuaatho i?aaeyaeeiaeueiie oacie, iineieueeo ii
i?aaeoanoaoao iiyaeaieth ioe?uoiai C.O?aeaeii eiiieaena Yaeeia. Ia yoii
yoaia ieaaeaiaoe iaioaeaeei io iaoa?e, ii e iae aaniethoii, iieiinoueth
i?eaycai e aai ioaeaeaiea io iaa aeey ?aaaiea eaoano?ioe/ii. A
iineaaeiai neo/aa, eae ioia/atho iiiaea ineoiaiaeeoeee (iai?eia?, A.E.
Aaeeei), a naiai aanniciaoaeueiii ii iaanaaaea inoaiaony a ieaio
io/eoaeueiuo, n o?oaeii iiaeaeathueony ?anoeo?iaea ia?aaeeaaiee,
naycaiiuo n oineie ii iaaica?aoiiio ninoiyieth iieiie acaeiiie
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe e aeaeaieai aini?iecaanoe neooaoeeth iiai?iaeaeaiiiai,
aua eo/oa – ia?iaeaeaiiiai, naycaiiiai n iaoa?ueth ioiiaeiie. ?iaeeoueny
ia?aoii, aeaeaieai «ia auoue».
I aea/aiee e iaauoeth e nia?oe ia?aaeei iiaeii oneuoaoue io oaeeoe,
iiiaeo ec eioi?uo aeanoii aea/ao e naaa nia?oue. Aio /oi aiai?ee iia
iaaeiyaiue a iyoe oaeenoaao: «Nia?oue – yoi eiaaea en/acaao oaeoi?
a?aiaie. Iia iia eioa?ania, y au aa enneaaeiaae, ii o iaiy nae/an iao
ia?eioeeia, a oi au y eo i?eieiae e i?eaeeaeaeny e nia?oe. ?aaaiie a
oo?iaa iaoa?e aaaeue ia iiieiaao, /oi ii ?iaeeony, a oi au ii ioeacaeny
yoi naeaeaoue. A oo?iaa oi?ioi, aai oai ei?iyo, oai oaiei. AEeciue
auoaeeeaaao a ae?oaoth aeeciue, aaea iao a?aiaie. AEeciue aia oo?iau
anoue nia?oue. ss iiiiaae nia?oe. Iia iiiiaaei cei, e iia n iei auei
oi?ioi. Iia no?aoii aac cea, eoi y, a nouiinoe, aac iaai? ss oioae au
aa?iooueny a aeaonoai, ii ia a oo?iao, iioiio /oi n niciaieai oai
iaaiciiaeii auoue. Anee au iaiy eeoeee niciaiey, y au niaeaneeny oeoe a
oo?iao. Iia niciaiea, oa?ucaiey niaanoe e ia?aaeeaaiey ie e /aio. Ioaeai
iieie. Iia oi?ioi e a oth?aiiie eaia?a, ia ioaeii aiyoueny, naaoei,
nia?oaee io?aiiee. Oi/o ee y ia naiaiaeo? A eoi iaiy aoaeao io?aiyoue,
eoi aoaeao ei?ieoue. Oi?ioi, /oiau i oaaa caauee».
A yoeo aanueia ia?aciuo, aeaaea aoi?enoe/aneeo auneacuaaieyo iieiaeiai
iieoa?aiioiiai /aeiaaea («Nia?oue – yoi eiaaea en/acaao oaeoi? a?aiaie»
– aaeeeieaiii!) aiieia io/aoeeai cao/eo aea/aiea e nia?oe, iaauoeth,
no?aieaiea aa?iooueny a aaciianiia iaoa?eineia eiii e aianoa n oai no?ao
ia?aae aeeciueth. Ii aaaeue nia?oue yoi aaciianiia eiii, a eioi?ia
iiaeii ni?yoaoueny io yoie ioaathuae e iaiiiyoiie aeecie.
A.E. Aaeeei aieiaoaeueii i?iaiaeece?iaae ecaeaiioth a 20-o aiaeao eieao
«Iineaaeiea neiaa eaciaiiuo» – i iaeaieaa y?eeo ia?niiaaeao
aeiaieueoaaenoneiai yoaia ?onneie ?aaiethoeee. AEaeyaia, Ia?ianeay,
Oeueyiia, Eaeyaa – eo ?a/e ia noaea, ia?aaeaiiua ec oth?ueiu
i?aaenia?oiua caienee. A eaaeaeie ec ieo anoue oiiieiaiea i iaoa?e:
aeaeii, eaeia ia?iiiia ianoi caieiaao iia a iuneyo, eiaaea /aeiaae
niaoeo auneacaoue naiia aeaaiia. Ii yoi ia oa ?aaeueiay aeaiueia,
eioi?ay no?aaeaao e aoaeao aua aieaa aeanoiei no?aaeaoue iinea
eniieiaiey i?eaiai?a, i eioi?ie ioaeii iiaeoiaoue e iicaaioeoueny.
Eiiaaea aeaaea auei iaiiiyoii, aeeaa ee iia aiiaua, yoa iaia, eee
i?enoonoaoao oieueei a ainiiieiaieyo. A ethaii neo/aa yoi nei?aa
neiaiee/aneee ia?ac, eeoaiiue eiie?aoiuo caiiuo /a?o, ii iaeaaeathuee
ia?iiiie aioo?aiiae neeie. E eaaei i?ineaaeeaaaony, eae ii ieaaii
ia?aoaeaao a ae?oaie, aua aieaa iauaiiue e cia/eoaeueiue – ia?ac no?aiu,
caiee, ?iaeeiu. Iia ian/anoia, inei?aeaia, ii?oaaia; ae ia ia eiai
aieueoa ?ann/eouaaoue, e?iia iaiy; oai, /oi y aeaeath, – aa caueuath,
nianath; ae ia i?eaeaony aieueoa ieaeaoue12.
Oa??i?enou-iaeeii/ee ano?a/athony ioiineoaeueii ?aaeei, /aua oa??i?enou
iauaaeeiythony a a?oiiu, a eioi?uo aanueia aaeeea ?ieue eeaea?a. Yoi
iiaeii iaaethaeaoue a ?aeeaeiciuo e naeoaioneeo ia?aciaaieyo, i?e/anoiuo
e oa??i?o, iai?eia?, a «AOI Nei?eea». Anee yoi oa??i? ainoaea?noaa, oi
aai eeaea? (aiaeaeue) iaeaaeaao iaia?aie/aiiie aeanoueth, ii i?aaiecoao
e iai?aaeyao aanue ainoaea?noaaiiue oa??i?. Ana aeaeaeaiey a a?oiia,
aeaaea aeaaioneie, nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneia acaeiiaeaenoaea a aa
?oeiaiaeyuai yae?a, aioo?aiiyy ea?a?oey a iai caaenyo io aai aiee.
Aeanoue aai ia oieueei aaniethoia, io iaai aeaeoo /oaea e ii nai aa?eo a
naie iaae/aneea niiniaiinoe, eae yoi auei n Aeoea?ii e Noaeeiui, a
iieeiiaiea oaeiio eaeieo ia ciaao a?aieoe. Iiyoiio anoue ana iniiaaiey
n/eoaoue, /oi oioaeeoa?iue eeaea? anoue i?yiie ineoieiae/aneee
ianeaaeiee ia?aiauoiiai Iooea-aiaa-aiaeaey-iaaa, ioae?iai,
ni?aaaaeeeaiai, caaioeeaiai, oioy e aeanoieiai i?aaeaiaeeoaey e
iie?iaeoaey ae?aaiae i?aeu. Iaae/aneeie naienoaaie iaaeaeytho e eeaea?ia
naeoaioneeo oa??i?enoe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee, oiai aea «AOI Nei?eea».
Ouaoaeueiay eiinie?aoeey oa??i?enoe/aneeo a?oii e iinoiyiiua iuouaiey
a?aaeaeaaiinoe n?aaeu ii?aaeaeytho no?iaoth aeenoeeieeio aa /eaiia,
aeanoeoth e /aoeoth ea?a?oeth e ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ieae, aaconeiaiia
iiae/eiaiea i?eeacai e iauei ?aoaieyi. Ineoieiae/aneay acaeiinaycue
o/anoieeia iiaeiaiuo a?oii i/aiue aaeeea, /oi ia iiaeao ia aeeyoue ia
naie iioeau e i?ioeann iioeaaoeee. Au?aaeaaony yoi, iai?eia?, a
eiioi?iiii iiae/eiaiee a?oiia e no?aieaiee ooaa?aeeoue naay a aa aeacao,
o.a. ia nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneii o?iaia.
Neacaiiia ia en/a?iuaaao ineoieiae/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee oa??i?ecia,
ieacuaathueo aeeyiea ia oi?ie?iaaiea e ?aaeecaoeeth iioeaia.
Oa??i?enoai, eae e ae?oaei iaeaieaa iianiui ianeeuenoaaiiui
i?anooiieeai, naienoaai ioeac io iaua/aeiaa/aneeo oeaiiinoae, aunieee
o?iaaiue aa?anneaiinoe e aeanoieinoe, oaaaeaeaiiinoue a naiae
eneeth/eoaeueiie i?aaioa e, eiia/ii, iieiia ionoonoaea niia?aaeeaaiey
aea?oaai. Iioa?iaaoea, iniaaiii anee eo iiiai, eae au ia eiatho
/aeiaa/aneiai eeoea, yoi ?aciuoay ianna, eeoue i/aiue niooii
iaiiieiathuay ethaeneoth. A oi aea a?aiy oa??i?enou i/aiue no?aiyony e
iaieoanoaoeee, iaeanea naieo aeaenoaee, iinea iaiaaeaiey iau/ii
cayaeytho, /oi eiaiii eie aue niaa?oai oa??i?enoe/aneee aeo. Yoi
iai?yioth oiaea naycaii n ono?aoaieai, yaeythueiny iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiui
yeaiaioii oa??i?ecia. Iacaaiiia no?aieaiea oeacuaaao e ia oi, /oi n?aaee
oa??i?enoia, a oii /enea oa??i?enoia-eniieieoaeae, iiiai enoa?e/iuo
ee/iinoae, /anoi ca ?aieaie ineoe/aneie ii?iu.
Iiiaea oa??i?enou eiioi?iiu, o.a. eo aa?anneaiua aeaenoaey
ii?iaeaeathony ia ?ac?ooeoaeueiuie ono?aieaieyie, a oai, /oi ei
i?aaeienaii iinooiaoue eiaiii oae e iie naie n/eoatho naiei aeieaii
iiae/eiyoueny oeacaieyi. Iaiiae/eiaiea o?aaiaaieyi i?aaenoaaeyao
iianiinoue, io eioi?ie caueuathony oai, /oi auiieiytho eo. Eiioi?ieci
oa?aeoa?ecoao a iniiaiii eniieieoaeae oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeoia, ii eo
iiae/eiaiea ia yaeyaony auioaeaeaiiui i?e aeoeaiii aioo?aiiai
nii?ioeaeaiee, iai?ioea, eo ainieoaiea, nioeeaeueiia oi?ie?iaaiea
i?aaeii?aaeaeytho iiae/eiaiea. Nieaeaou, ?anno?aeeaathuea ii i?eeaco
eiiaiaee?a ie?iia ianaeaiea, nianai ia iaycaoaeueii ?oeiaiaenoaothony
aeano?oeoeaiinoueth e aeanoieinoueth, i?e ionoonoaee i?eeaca iie,
aa?iyoii, aiiaua ia noaee au oae iinooiaoue. Iie yoi aeaeatho, i?eau/ii
iiae/eiyynue e ia caaeaaay aii?inia, a nayce n /ai ?aaeei eniuouaatho
oa?ucaiey niaanoe. Iieiaeie ia?aiue, o/anoaothuee a iaaaaa ia ianaeaiea
ae?oaiai ieaiaie, ioithaeue ia oi/ao iieacaoueny o?onii a aeacao naieo
niieaiaiieeia, aeaaea anee oaeenoaa e a?aaaaee aio nianai ia ii ioo?o.
Eoae, ineoieiae/aneea ei?ie oa??i?ecia iaoiaeyony a i?aaeunoi?ee
/aeiaa/anoaa, iie naycaiu, a /anoiinoe, n a?oaoeiaie Iaoa?e e Iooea;
oa??i?enoe/aneay a?oiia ioee/aaony neiaeiie no?oeoo?ie e niaoeeoeeie
a?oiiiaie aeeiaieee; ioaeaeueiua oa??i?enou iaeaaeatho oaeeie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, eae aa?anneaiinoue, aeanoieinoue, oaiaoe/aneay
oaaaeaeaiiinoue, ineoieiae/aneay io/oaeaeaiiinoue io ethaeae, a oaeaea
eiioi?iiinoue e ia?oeenneci. N?aaee ieo iaiaei iae?ioeeueneeo ee/iinoae.
Eae oaea ioia/aeinue, oa??i?enoe/aneea aeou eiiaaea iiaoo niaa?oaoueny
ia ?aaee ono?aoaiey ianaeaiey aiiaua, a oieueei aai eiie?aoiuo
nioeeaeueiuo a?oii. Iai?eia?, aiciiaeiu oaeenoaa auiiaaoaeyie
i?aaei?eieiaoaeae ia oieueei aeey oiai, /oiau iaeacaoue ca
ianaiai?/eainoue, ii /oiau ono?aoeoue e ae?oaeo aeaeiauo ethaeae,
eioi?uo oiaea iaeiaeao aeaiueth.
Ai iiiaeo aea ae?oaeo neo/ayo ono?aoaiea ia yaeyaony naiinoiyoaeueiui
iioeaii, a eiaao ae?oaie niune e i?aneaaeoao ae?oaoth oeaeue:
aeiaeoueny, iai?eia?, eciaiaiey iieeoeee ainoaea?noaa eee aai
ioaeaeueiuo i?aaiia, a oii /enea a ioiioaiee ?aaeiiia no?aiu. Oaeie
iioea aeaeaeao /a/aineeie oa??i?enoaie, oa??i?enoaie ec E?eaiaeneie
?anioaeeeaineie a?iee, aeiaeaathueieny auoiaea Ieuenoa?a ec ninoaaa
Aaeeeia?eoaiee, aaneneeie e oaieeueneeie yeno?aienoaie e iaeioi?uie
ae?oaeie, eioi?ua aeiaeaathony eciaiaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai noaoona naiae
?iaeeiu. ?inneeneea oa??i?enou ai aoi?ie iieiaeia XIX a., ia n/eoaynue n
iauaeoeaiuie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie, oiaea o?aaiaaee iaiaaeeaiiiai eciaiaiey
iieeoeee ainoaea?noaa ii ?yaeo oceiauo aii?inia.
Ai?i/ai, iaaei caiaoeoue, /oi iaeioi?ua ?inneeneea oa??i?enou i?ioeiai
(eae e a nia?aiaiiii ie?a) ia anaaaea aeaaea naie ynii iiieiaee, /oi ei
ioaeii io ainoaea?noaa. «I?inoi» oaeei niiniaii iie aaee aieio n
iaiaaenoiie aeanoueth, eioi?ie i?eienuaaee naie aaaeu, iiaeiaiui iooai
au?aaeaee aanniciaoaeueiia iai?eyoea ie?oaeathuaai ie?a, inoeee ca
aeaenoaeoaeueiua eee iieiua iaeaeu, ee/iua ii?aaeaiey e ianauaoeany
ia/oaiey. Aiiaua aieia n iiiiuueth oa??i?a anaaaea auea aeinoaoi/ii
?ani?ino?aiaia, e iia eiaao ianoi oiaaea, eiaaea neeu, io eeoea eioi?uo
aeaenoaotho oa??i?enou, ia iiaoo ni?aaeoueny n aeanoueth eiui niiniaii –
aeinoaoi/ii aniiiieoue *a/ith e Aeaee?. Oi, /oi oa??i? anoue /anoue
aieiu, oaaaeeoaeueii i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaee i?aeoe/anee ana o/anoieee
aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu, eiaaea oa??i? eniieueciaaeny a eneeth/eoaeueii
aieueoeo ianooaaao (aicaeooiua aiiaa?aee?iaee, oie/oiaeaiea ie?iiai
ianaeaiey e o.ae.).
Iaeuecy, eiia/ii, eneeth/aoue neo/ae, eiaaea oa??i?enoe/aneay aieia n
aeanoueth aaaeaony aeey oiai, /oiau naiei caoaaoeoue aeanoue, iinoaiaiii
?anoaouaay ainoaea?noaaiiua einoeooou e no?oeoo?u.
A ia/aoe auee auneacaiu iainiiaaiiua niia?aaeaiey, /oi eiaiii yoio iioea
i?enoonoaiaae a i?anooiiuo aeaenoaeyo ?aeeaeiciie naeou «AOI Nei?eea».
ss oi/o iniai ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oi, /oi yoi iaeei ec naiuo
?ani?ino?aiaiiuo iioeaia oa??i?ecia, i?e/ai ii ?ac ca ?acii iiaeao, eae
iieacuaaao enoi?ey, ii?iaeaeaoue oa??i?enoe/aneea aeou ia i?ioyaeaiee
aeanyoeeaoee, eae, iai?eia?, a Aaeeeia?eoaiee. Iiyoiio niioaaonoaothuay
eaoaai?ey oa??i?ecia aeieaeia i?eaeaeaoue ia?ainoaiaiiia aieiaiea.
A ae?oaeo neo/ayo oa??i?enou o?aaotho ia aeiaaeueiiai eciaiaiey iieeoeee
ainoaea?noaa eee i?aaeinoaaeaiey iacaaeneiinoe ioaeaeueiui ?aaeiiai
no?aiu, a ?aoaiey aieaa /anoiuo aii?inia. Eo aiiaoeou oiaaea ianeieueei
ne?iiiaa e iai?aaeaiu ia eciaiaiea iaeioi?uo eiie?aoiuo ?aoaiee
caeiiiaeaoaeueiie, eniieieoaeueiie eee noaeaaiie aeanoe. Oae,
oa??i?enoe/aneea oaeenoaa, iioeuaiea ethaeae e o.ae. iiaoo niaa?oaoueny
?aaee iieo/aiey cia/eoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo auaiae – eiaiii ?aaee yoiai
ai?ieanue eieoiaeeneay ia?eiiaoey n aeanoyie. Oa aea aeaenoaey iiaoo
aeeeoiaaoueny aeaeaieai aeiaeoueny inaiaiaeaeaiey ec caeeth/aiey
nio/anoieeia. Iiaeiaiua o?aaiaaiey, eae ecaanoii, /anoi auaeaeaaee
a?aaneea yeno?aienou.
A aeaenoaeyo oa??i?enoia, aeaaea eacaeinue au naiuo aanei?unoiuo e
aeaenoaothueo eeoue ii eaeaeiui niia?aaeaieyi, i/aiue /anoi yanoaaiii
aeaeai e iioea ianoe. Eiiaaea yoi ianoue iaiaaenoiui iieeoe/aneei,
ainoaea?noaaiiui eee ?aeeaeiciui aeayoaeyi a nayce n eo
ainoaea?noaaiiie, ?aeeaeiciie eee iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoueth, ii auaaao oae, /oi yoi ianoue i?inoui ethaeyi,
i?aaenoaaeythuei iaoeeth, eioi?ie i?eiaaeeaaeeo ainoaea?noaaiiay
aeanoue, eee iaoeeth, n eioi?ie aaaeaony ai?ueaa, neaaeai, ca nii?ioth
oa??eoi?eth. Iauaeoii ianoe iiaoo aunooiaoue aa?othuea, i?eiaaeeaaeauea
e ae?oaie eiioannee, eo oea?eae, nayuaiiua neiaieu e o.ae. Ai anao
neo/ayo ianoe i?inoui ethaeyi aeanoieinoue iau/ii ia ciaao a?aieoe e
iiie?athony ethaua i?aaiaua, i?aanoaaiiua e ?aeeaeiciua onoaiiaeaiey,
eae yoi auei, iai?eia?, a 1995 a. a Aoaeaiiianea. Nicaeaaony
aia/aoeaiea, /oi oaeenoaa e ae?oaea ianeeey naie ii naaa yaeythony
ne?uoui, ii iiuiui iioeaii oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeaenoaee, /oi aanueia y?ei
oa?aeoa?ecoao naieo oa??i?enoia eae iae?ioeeia, o.a. ethaeae, aeaaiui
iiaoaeaeaiea eioi?uo yaeyaony oie/oiaeaiea aeecie. Anee yoe i?anooieaiey
nii?iaiaeaeathony a?aaaaeaie, oi nthaea neaaeoao i?eniaieoieoue e
ei?unoiua iiaoaeaeaiey.
Aua iaeio a?oiio iioeaia iiaeii au iacaaoue eaeaaeenoe/aneeie. ss eiath
a aeaeo no?aieaiea ioaeaeueiuo ethaeae e naiiooaa?aeaeaieth iooai
ianeeuenoaaiiie ?aaeecaoeee naieo eee i?i/ii onaiaiiuo /oaeeo eaeae e
caiuneia iieeoe/aneiai, ?aeeaeiciiai, eaeaieiae/aneiai eee eiiai
oa?aeoa?a. Yoe «eaeaaeenou», iiaeiuaiiua oaiaoe/aneie i?eaa?aeaiiinoueth
naiei oaaaeaeaieyi e, eae ei eaaeaony, aacoi?a/iui iino?iaieyi, iiaoo
auoue eneeth/eoaeueii iianiu, ia inoaiaaeeaaynue ie ia?aae eaeeie
aea?oaaie. Iie iiaoo i?aaieciauaaoueny a a?oiiu, a oii /enea
ienoe/aneiai eee iieoienoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a, eeai aunooiaoue a
iaeeii/eo, ii aeey anao ieo eaeay – ana, niiniau aa ?aaeecaoeee – ie/oi.
Eiia/ii, n?aaee ieo iaiaei ineoe/anee aieueiuo ethaeae, ii yoi ie a eiae
ia?a ia nieiaao i?iaeaiu eco/aiey iioeaia eo iiaaaeaiey, a oai aieaa
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey e i?ana/aiey eo oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeaenoaee.
Iiiuoea ooaa?aeeoue, i?iyaeoue naay, aeieacaoue naaa e ae?oaei
oeaiiinoue nianoaaiiie ee/iinoe, oeoe io na?inoe e iaac?a/iinoe naiaai
nouanoaiaaiey oaeaea iiaeao ii?iaeaeaoue oa??i?enoe/aneea aeou. Ia yoi
iau/ii eaeoo iaoaea/ieee eee oa, eioi?ua iuouatho naay oaeiauie. Oa??i?
aeey ieo eiaao niune iaiiaaiiiai i?eaea/aiey aieiaiey e naiae ia?niia e
naiei i?iaeaiai, a oai naiui iiauoaiey naiiaini?eyoey. I?e/ai aea/aiea e
yoiio noieue aaeeei, /oi aeaaea aiieia ?aaeueiay iianiinoue auoue oaeoui
i?e niaa?oaiee oaeiai i?anooieaiey eo ia inoaiiaeo. Eiie?aoiia
enneaaeiaaiea i?e/ei caoaaoa caeiaeieeia a ianoao eeoaiey naiaiaeu, a
eioi?ii y i?eieiae o/anoea, iieacaei, /oi a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo
iiaeiaiia ianeeea ii?iaeaeaaony eiaiii aeaeaieai i?eaea/ue aieiaiea e
naaa e ia?aaeeaaaiui o?oaeiinoyi. *a/aineea oa??i?enou aanueia ioioii
?acaeatho eioa?aueth e iice?otho ia?aae eeiieaia?aie, aieaa oiai,
o?aaotho yoiai.
No?aieaiea i?eaea/ue e naaa aieiaiea e oai naiui ooaa?aeeoueny iiaeao
iioeae?iaaoue oa??i?enoe/aneea aeaenoaey iaeioi?uo iieeoe/aneeo
i?aaiecaoeee eee a?oii, i?aoaiaeothueo ia ?ieue oaeeo i?aaiecaoeee,
eioi?ua eiui iooai i?inoi ianiiniaiu ia oieueei caoaaoeoue aeanoue, ii e
neieueei-ieaoaeue caiaoii iiaeeyoue ia iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneoth
ianoaiiaeo a no?aia. Ia neo/aeii iie iiaeno?aeatho ia aa?anneaiua
aeaenoaey iaeaieaa yecaeueoe?iaaiiua neie iauanoaa, a oii /enea
ia?aeiaeueiua.
Aua iaeei iioea niiniaai ii?iaeeoue oa??i?enoe/aneee aeo: y eiath a
aeaeo aeaeaiea iieii/eoue aeeciue naiioaeenoaii, aaaeue
oa??i?enou-naiioaeeoeu, eae iieacuaaao ia/aeueiue iiuo, iai?eia?, Eiaeee
e Ec?aeey, ioithaeue ia ?aaeeinoue. Aeaiiue iioea ?aaeecoaony a
neaaeothueo aa?eaioao: noauaeo no?aieony e aeaaee i?e o/eiaiee aeaiiiai
i?anooieaiey e ana aeaeaao aeey yoiai, i?e/ai ii iiaeao oioaoue oaeie
«neaaiie» nia?oe, /oiau iaiineaaeie i?eaea/ue e naaa aieiaiea, eioi?iai
ii aei yoiai aue eeoai; /aeiaae aiieia iiieiaao, /oi iaycaoaeueii
iiaeaiao, ii niciaoaeueii aea?oaoao niaie ?aaee «aunieie» eaeae.
Eiaeeaeae eaeao ia aanueia ?eneiaaiiia aeey iaai oa??i?enoe/aneia
i?anooieaiea, ii aai niciaiea ia ioaaouaaao ?aaeueii nouanoaothuee iioea
naiioaeenoaa.
Eae e ethaia /aeiaa/aneia iiaaaeaiea, oa??i?enoe/aneia iiaeao
ii?aaeaeeoue ia iaeei, a ianeieueei iioeaia n?aco, oioy oaeaeueiue aan
eaaeaeiai ec ieo a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa ?acee/ai. Oae, iioea,
caeeth/athueeny a no?aieaiee eciaieoue ?aoaiea noaea, iiaeao ni/aoaoueny
n aeaeaieai caiieo/eoue aua e iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe, a iioea
?aaeeciaaoue naie eaeae e oai naiui naiiooaa?aeeoueny – n i?eaea/aieai e
naaa aieiaiey.
Oa??i?eci iiiaieee. Noieue aea ?aciiia?aciu ii?iaeaeathuea aai iioeau,
iiiaea ec eioi?uo iaiieiaiu no?anoyie e ao?iuie yiioeeyie, eioi?ua
iaoneiaeeaatho e iaioa?aoeiinoue oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeoia, e eo iniai
?ac?ooeoaeueiue, e?iaaaue oa?aeoa?. Iaiaaenoue e aaconeiaiay
oaa?aiiinoue a naiae i?aaioa anaaaea aoaeoo aucuaaoue e aeecie oaeea
i?anooieaiey.
A eeoa?aoo?a ia ia?aue aiae ianoaeaeaaony aii?in i oii, iiaeii ee
aiai?eoue ia eaeaieiae/aneeo iioeaao eae naiinoiyoaeueiuo e aeinoaoi/ii
iiuiuo noeioeao oa??i?enoe/aneie aeoeaiinoe, iniaaiii iieeoe/aneie e
«eaeaaeenoe/aneie». ss ia aeoiath, /oi yoi oae, nei?aa oae iacuaaaiua
eaeaieiae/aneea iioeau i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ?aoeeiiaeecaoeeth ae?oaeo,
aanniciaoaeueiuo ee/iinoiuo iioeaia e yaeythony ii nouanoao
iioeae?iaeaie. *oi nianoaaiii oaeia aini?eyoea eiie?aoiui eiaeeaeaeii
eaeaieiaee? Iia, ia?acii aiai?y, noaiiaeony aai aeacaie, oie
eiino?oeoeeae, aac eioi?ie ii ia iiaeao niio?aoue ia ie? e ioeaieaaoue
aai. Anoanoaaiii, /oi aeaiiay eaeaieiaey aeieaeia iieiinoueth
niioaaonoaiaaoue aai ee/iinoe, aai iioaaiiui aea/aieyi e aeaaea
aiaeaeaeaieyi, aai aanniciaoaeueiui iuouaieyi naay e ie?oaeathueo.
*aeiaae «aa?ao» aeaiioth eaeaieiaeth eae anee au ii iieoiae naaa einothi
a iaaaceia – ii ?inoo, iauaio, oeaaoo, ynoaoe/aneei e ooieoeeiiaeueiui
oa?aeoa?enoeeai; iia aeieaeia niioaaonoaiaaoue aai i?iaeeoie aeecie, aai
iiuoo, ii i?aaeoaioiaai e i?eiyoeth eiaiii yoie, a ia eaeie-ieaoaeue
ae?oaie eaeaieiaee. Eiaiii iia ioe?uaaao aio aeaca, aeaeaao ie?
iiiyoiui, iicaieyao iaeoe naia ianoi a aeecie e a eiie?aoiie nenoaia
ioiioaiee, ia?anoe naay e iaania/eoue naiii?eyoea.
Iaeioi?ua aaoi?u (A.A. *o?eia) auaeaeytho
iaa?ioe/anei-ineoiiaoieiae/aneee oei iioeaia oa??i?enoe/aneeo iinooieia,
/oi i?aaenoaaeyaony iaaeinoaoi/ii iainiiaaiiui, iineieueeo ethaua
?anno?ienoaa ineoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe naie ii naaa ia yaeythony
iioeaaie iiaaaeaiey. Iaeiaei iie niiniaiu nouanoaaiii aeeyoue ia iaai,
anee i?aiyonoaotho aaeaeaaoiie ioeaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe a oeaeii eee
ioaeaeueiuo niauoee e eeoe, iaeaaeeaaieth e iiaeaea?aeaieth iauaeaiiuo
naycae e ioiioaiee a iaeuo nioeeaeueiuo a?oiiao, anee niinianoaotho
eiioeueneaiui, nei?iiaeeoaeueiui ?aoaieyi, anee o/anoaotho a
oi?ie?iaaiee e i?iyaeaiee oaeeo ee/iinoiuo /a?o, eae iiauoaiiay
aini?eei/eainoue, aa?anneaiinoue, iiaeic?eoaeueiinoue, ceiiaiyoiinoue,
?aieiinoue, oycaeiinoue i?e ieceie naiie?eoe/iinoe. Neaaeoao oeacaoue e
ia oi, /oi ineoe/aneea aiiiaeee e aieacie i?aiyonoaotho onaiaieth
i?aanoaaiiuo ii?i, ?aaoee?othueo /aeiaa/aneia iauaiea e niaea?aeaueo
cai?ao ia iai?aaiia?iia i?eiaiaiea ianeeey.
Iioeaaoeey nia?aiaiiiai, a oii /enea iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oa??i?ecia
nouanoaaiii ioee/aaony io iioeaaoeee oa??i?ecia a aiaeu aoi?ie ie?iaie
aieiu e oa??i?ecia oioaeeoa?iuo ainoaea?noa. Nae/an niaoeeoeea
iioeaaoeee a iaiaeie noaiaie ii?aaeaeyaony oai, /oi e oaeiio aeaeo
ianeeey iau/ii i?eaaaatho /eneaiii iaaieueoea a?oiiu, oi?ioi
caeiinie?e?iaaiiua, iao/aiiua e aii?oaeaiiua, aeey aicaeaenoaey ia
iaoeeiiaeueiua e iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiua o/?aaeaeaiey e einoeooou. Iaeioi?ua
ec ieo oi?ie?othony e iiaeaea?aeeaathony ainoaea?noaaie, eae i?aaeei,
oioaeeoa?iuie. Niaea?aeaiea iioeaia e eioaineaiinoue eo i?iyaeaiey a
oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeaenoaeyo a?oiiu caaenyo e io oiai, eaeea neeu noiyo
ca iae e ieoatho aa, ianeieueei iia naiinoiyoaeueia, eaeea eiie?aoiua
oeaee noaaeo ia?aae niaie, eaeiaa oa iniiaa, eioi?ay iauaaeeiyao aa
/eaiia, eaeiaa no?oeoo?a a?oiiu e eoi aa aicaeaaeyao. Eneeth/eoaeueii
aaaeia eaeaieiaey a?oiiu e oie aieaa iiao/ae neeu, eioi?ay aucuaaao aa e
aeecie.
Oa??i?eno, eae e iiiaea ae?oaea ianeeuenoaaiiua i?anooiieee, i?e/eiu
naiaai o/anoey a oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeaenoaeyo neeiiai aeaeaoue ia a naiii
naaa, aeaaea anee yoi e i/aaeaeii, a ai aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoaao,
iiaaaeaiee ae?oaeo ethaeae e oeaeuo ia?iaeia, a aeaenoaeoaeueiie eee
iieiie oa?ica, eioi?ay iuouaaony eae enoiaeyuay io ieo. A yoii
ineoieiae/aneii aniaeoa iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi oa??i?enoe/aneee aeo
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iiiuoeo caueoeoueny.
Aanueia aaaeiui iiiaioii yaeyaony oi, /oi, i?eaaaay e oa??i?o, o.a.
oie/oiaeay ae?oaeo ethaeae, iaoa?eaeueiua e aeooiaiua oeaiiinoe, /aeiaae
iuouaao, i?aae/oanoaoao, /oi eiui iooai aio ia aeiaeoueny oniaoa.
Eiiaaea aea?oau – ouny/e, nioie ouny/, ieeeeiiu ethaeae. ss oioae au
auneacaoue neaaeothuaa i?aaeiieiaeaiea: oa??i?, eiaaea aeaioo ethaee,
anoue ia /oi eiia, eae aea?oaii?eiioaiea. Oa??i?eno (ainoaea?noaaiiue,
iieeoe/aneee, ?aeeaeiciue e o.ae.), ia?auaynue e aunoae neea,
oi?aaeythuae ie?ii, aoaeue oi Aia, i?iaeaeaiea eee ia/oi, ia eiathuaa o
iaai oi/iiai iaeiaiiaaiey, iiaeiaiui niiniaii iuoaaony oieeinoeaeoue yoo
neeo, /oiau iia iioea iaano?a/o aai aeaeaieyi. Eiia/ii, ia?auaiea e iae
e aanue i?eaaaeaiiue caeanue «?an/ao» ia iinyo o iaai no?iai
?aoeeiiaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a, e ii aiana ia ?anniao?eaaao ana yoi eae
aea?oaii?eiioaiea. A oaeeo aeaenoaeyo iiaeii aeaeaoue aica?auaiea
ae?aaiaeoaai /aeiaa/aneiai iiuoa i?eianaiey ethaeae ia aeoa?ue a?iciiai
e iiaouanoaaiiiai aiaeanoaa, /oiau eniieieeenue naiua caaaoiua aeaeaiey.
Aeoiath, /oi i?ienoiaeeo yoi iiieii niciaiey /aeiaaea ii iaoaieciai
eieeaeoeaiiai aanniciaoaeueiiai.
*eaiu iauanoaa Ooea, eaeaeiiai i?aaeoa/e aeoea?ianeiai iaoeecia,
iaycuaaeenue i?eiineoue /aeiaa/aneea aea?oau. AE.Aa?aeuea e E.Iiaaeue
iieaaatho, /oi iooaeeeaathua aanniuneaiiia oie/oiaeaiea 750 ouny/ oeuaai
ia eiaei, iioiaea, ieeaeeo eiuo i?e/ei, e?iia «iaae/aneeo». Aieueo?ai
Ceaa?n, iaeei ec ynynianeeo aeaaa?ae, aue iacia/ai eniieieoaeai,
ae?aoeii-aea?oaiaaoaeai, ?eooaeueiui oaeeoeae. Aunoea ?oeiaiaeeoaee
aa?eee, /oi /aeiaa/aneeie aea?oaii?eiioaieyie iiaeii iiaaaeeoue
?aaiiaeooea «iiaouanoa» e caaiaaaoue eo aeaaineeiiiia aieiaiea. A yoii e
caeeth/aaony iaae/aneee niune /aeiaa/aneeo aea?oa. Ana oi aea io
ae?aaiaeoeo a?aiai aei iaoaai aeeceiai «a/a?a», io aoeoaeia aei
iaoeenoia. A oiaea Ith?iaa?aneiai i?ioeanna i/aiue /anoi e i/aiue iiiaea
oaeeaeyeenue niaa?oaiiiio aac?acee/eth aa?oiaiuo ?anii?yaeeoaeae
iaenoiaie aieie e niaeayiiiio ii eo aiea e i?eeaco. Iaea/e eaaeaeue ?ac
caauaaee naie aea?oau, iia?oaeaynue a i?a/iue ainoi?a oaeinoaa13 .
N ae?aaiaeoeo a?aiai aea?oaii?eiioaiea ninoaaeyei i/aiue aaaeioth /anoue
ioiioaiee /aeiaaea n Aiaii (aiaeanoaii) e anaaaea iineei niune aai
oieeinoeaeaiey ?aaee aeinoeaeaiey oniaoa eee (e) aeaaiaea?iinoe ca oaea
naeaeaiiia. Aeaeiaeoee aei?aaiethoeeiiiue ?onneee aiaineia A.I. Eiiooei
ienae, /oi /oanoaoy naia ie/oiaeanoai e naith iieioth caaeneiinoue io
aunoaai nouanoaa, /aeiaae noa?aaony oieeinoeaeoue aai a neo/aa aaaenoaey
eee aicaeaaiaea?eoue a neo/aa aeaaiaeainoaey, ?aaii eae e i?inoi
au?aceoue /oanoaa naiae i?aaeaiiinoe aio e aneaaenoaea yoiai
aea?oaiaaoue aio oaeia, /oi aei?iai e i?eyoii aio naiiio, a
i?aaeiieiaeaiee, /oi oi aea naiia aoaeao i?eyoii e aiaeanoao. I?e
iaiau/aeiuo niauoeyo aea?oau eiiaaea i?eiineeenue a ia?iiiuo
eiee/anoaao. Oae, aeaeaeneee Nieiiii ii neo/ath inayuaiey o?aia i?eian a
aea?oao 22 oun. aieia e 120 oun. iaaoe14.
Oa??i?enou ethaiai ?aiaa – io ?aeeaeiciuo oa??i?enoia-naiioaeeoe aei
eiiioii-oaoenoneeo aeeeoaoi?ia – anaaaea iuouaee aeoaieee, niooiue,
aeeooociue no?ao ca oniao naiaai aeaea e ca naay, a nayce n /ai ei
i/aiue ioaeia oaea/a, iiaeaea?aeea iaaeaeeiuo, ii iiuiuo nee. Ia
neo/aeii iiiaea ec iacaaiiuo eeoe i/aiue noaaa?iu e aa?yo a i?eiaou.
Oa??i?eci a eo aeaenoaeyo noaiiaeony eae niiniaii ono?aiaiey e
ono?aoaiey eiieo?aioia, oae e, aa?iyoii, aea?oaii?eiioaieai.
Oie/oiaeaiea ouny/ ethaeae i?e ainoaea?noaaiiii oa??i?a iiaeao auoue
iauyniaii ia oieueei aiciiaeiinoyie oioaeeoa?iiai ainoaea?noaa oai?eoue
ianeeea a oaeeo ianooaaao, ii e oai, /oi oaeia ainoaea?noai oai naiui
?aoaao a?aiaeeicioth caaea/o – nio?aieoue naith nenoaio aeanoe.
Nianai iaiaycaoaeueii, /oiau a aea?oao i?eiineeny naiue aei?iaie e
aeeceee /aeiaae, eae, iai?eia?, a neo/aa Aa?aaia, eioi?ue aioia aue
iiaea?oaiaaoue naiei nuiii. Iiiaea ia?iaeu, iai?eia?, eiaeaeoeu a
aeieieoiaiaue ia?eiae, i?eiineee a aea?oao acyouo a ieai. Yoi auea
aeaaiaea?iinoue aiaii ca aea?iaaiioth iiaaaeo e iieueaa, a iiaeao auoue,
e ieaoa iaia?aae ca oa aeaaa, a /anoiinoe, ca iiaua aieineea iiaaaeu,
eioi?uie iaaaniua aeanoeoaee eo iaea?yo a aoaeouai. I?eianaiiua aea?oau
Aiao eee ioaeaeueiui nayoui oe?iei i?aeoeeoaony a iaoe aeie – io naa/ee
ia?aae eeiiie e aiaaouo aea?ia oea?eae aei caeeaiey aeeaioiiai.
Ii-aeaeeiiio, yoi oeeaeeeciaaiiia i?iaeieaeaiea oao i/aiue aaaeiuo
iau/aaa e?iaaauo aea?ia, eioi?ua i?eiineee aiaai iaoe aeaeaeea i?aaeee.
Iiaeii iieaaaoue, /oi aeiioaca i aea?oaii?eiioaiee iiaeao iiiaia
iauynieoue, iniaaiii a neo/ayo, eiaaea a ?acoeueoaoa oa??i?a aeaioo
ethaee, ia eiaaoea e eiioeeeoo ieeaeiai ioiioaiey, e eo oaeenoai ie n
eaeie «?aoeeiiaeueiie» oi/ee c?aiey ia aeieaeii i?eiineoue auaiaeu.
Ii iiaieth A.A. *o?eiaa, o ?aeeaeiciiai oaiaoeea, aioiaiai niaa?oeoue
naiioaeenoaaiiue oa??i?enoe/aneee aeo, aiciiaeii, iaeaieaa ?aeueaoii
i?iyaeyaony oi, /oi oneiaii iiaeii iaicia/eoue eae «yeno?aienoneia
niciaiea». Iii iiaeao i?enoonoaiaaoue e a nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneii e
yoiiiieeoe/aneii aeaeao oa??i?ecia. A iai iioeaaoeeiiiie aeiieiaioie
yaeyaony aa?a a iaeaaeaiea aunoae aaeeinoaaiiie enoeiie, oieeaeueiui
?aoeaioii «nianaiey» naiaai ia?iaea, nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu eee anaai
/aeiaa/anoaa. Iiyoiio oa??i?enoia iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae
aaniethoenoia e «enoeiii aa?othueo». Oaeay aa?a caaeaao oei oeaiiinoiuo
e iiaaaeai/aneeo iiaeaeae oa??i?enoe/aneeo a?oii; eiia?aoea
aaeeinoaaiiie enoeiu naiaai e?aeiaai au?aaeaiey aeinoeaaao nae/an a
?aeeaeiciii ooiaeaiaioaeecia.
A.A. *o?eia niaa?oaiii aa?ii ioia/aao, /oi oeacaiiie iioeaaoeeiiiie
aeiieiaiou iaaeinoaoi/ii aeey ia?auaiey e oa??i?ecio. Ethaeae
oaaaeaeaiiuo, /oi iie aeinoeaee aunoae e aaeeinoaaiiie enoeiu iaiaei a
naiuo ?aciuo noa?ao, e eeoue iaiiiaea i?eaaaatho e oa??i?o. Iaiaoiaeeiui
oneiaeai yaeyaony e?aeiyy iaoa?ieiinoue e eiaeiiuneeth, ei anyeiai ?iaea
niiiaieyi e eieaaaieyi, ia?a?anoathuay a oaaaeaeaiea, /oi ii?iaeueiue,
iieiioeaiiue /aeiaae ia iiaeao aeaeaoue aaue a eiii naaoa, /ai oio,
eioi?ue ioe?uaaaony aeaaiaea?y iaeaaeaieth aaniethoiie enoeiie.
Iineieueeo ia i?aeoeea eneeth/eoue eiaeiiuneea iaaiciiaeii, aicieeaao
ae?oaie eiiiiiaio iioeaaoeee – eaeay ia?auaiey eiaeiiuneyueo a
aaeeinoaaiii enoeiioth aa?o. Aa ?aaeecaoeey aiciiaeia iooai ie?iie
i?iiaaaiaeu eee ienneiia?neie aeayoaeueiinoe eeai n iiiiuueth ianeeey.
Aoi?ie iooue aaaeao e oa??i?ecio. A naith i/a?aaeue yoi naycaii n
ioeacii io iaua/aeiaa/aneeo oeaiiinoae e e?aeiae aa?anneaiinoueth a
ni/aoaiee n oaaaeaeaieai, /oi oeaeue ii?aaaeuaaao n?aaenoaa. Oaiaoe/iay
oaaaeaeaiiinoue a aunoae i?aaioa iiaeao auoaniyoueny niia?aaeaieyie
i?aeoe/aneiai eioa?ana, ei?unoiuie iioeaaie, no?aieaieai caoaaoeoue e
oaea?aeaoue aeanoue. Oaiaoeee-eaeaaeenou i?aa?auathony a i?aaiaoeeia e
oeeieeia eee ono?aiythony iineaaeieie. Iniaaiii aaaeia aeey ia?auo
oaaaeaeaiiinoue a nianoaaiiie i?aaioa.
Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ?aeeaeiciue oa??i?eci noeioee?oaony ia
oieueei niciaieai oiai, /oi aeaiiia eeoei iaeaaeaao aunoae enoeiie,
eaaeauae, anoanoaaiii, a ?onea eniiaaaeuaaaiie ?aeeaee. Oaeie /aeiaae
iiaeao i?eaaaiooue e yeno?aienoneiio ianeeeth e iioiio, /oiau nianoe
naith ?aeeaeth, naith oea?eiaue, caueoeoue eo aeaaea oeaiie nianoaaiiie
aeecie, oai aieaa, anee ii iaaeaaony ia aa/iia aeaaeainoai iinea nia?oe.
Iiaeiaioth iaaeaaeaeo iiaeii anaeeoue (eee oe?aieoue) n iiiiuueth
ia?eioeeia eee aeiiioe/aneiai aiooaiey. ?aeeaeiciua oaiaoeee niiniaiu
i?eaaaiooue e oa??i?o e iioiio, /oiau aua aieueoa aicaaee/eoue,
ooaa?aeeoue naith ?aeeaeth. Iiiaea eneaineea ooiaeaiaioaeenou, iai?eia?,
oaaaeaeaiu, /oi iaaa?iuo e a?aoeeia iaiaoiaeeii ia?aoeoue a enoeiioth
aa?o eee oie/oiaeeoue. Yoi oaaaeaeaiea eae ?ac e i?ienoaeaao ec
oaa?aiiinoe a iaeaaeaiee aunoae e aaeeinoaaiiie enoeiie. Iacaaiiay
oaa?aiiinoue aanueia oa?aeoa?ia e aeey iieeoe/aneiai,
«eaeaaeenoe/aneiai» e, eiia/ii, ainoaea?noaaiiiai oa??i?ecia.
Aieueoaaeee, oa, eioi?ua aua auee eaeaaeenoaie, e iniaaiii Eaiei, enoiai
aa?eee a iai?aeiaeiinoue e enoeiiinoue ia?enenoneeo aeiai e i?i?i/anoa,
iie, e iniaaiii Eaiei, auee aaniethoii iaoa?ieiu e /oaeiio iiaieth, iie,
e iniaaiii Eaiei, aioiau auee ia ethaia ianeeea ?aaee oi?aeanoaa eaeae.
Ii iie (ai anyeii neo/aa a iaiaeie naiae /anoe), e Eaiei a eo /enea, ia
auee ei?unoiu a iaoa?eaeueiii ieaia. Oa, eioi?ua ia noaee i?aaiaoeeaie e
oeeieeaie, auee caoai oie/oiaeaiu i?aaiaoeeaie e oeeieeaie, eioi?uo
aucaae e aeecie Noaeei.
ss iieaaath, /oi oaiaoeci ioithaeue ia yaeyaony iniaaiiinoueth, i?enouae
ethaiio oa??i?enoo, e aeoiaoue oae – cia/eo neeueii oi?iuaoue i?iaeaio.
Aai iao o e?eieiaeueii-ei?unoiuo oa??i?enoia, ia?oecai, eeoe,
o/anoaothueo a ainoaea?noaaiiii oa??i?a – iaaiciiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue,
iai?eia?, /oi Aa?ey aue enoiaui ia?enenoii. Iiiaea iieeoe/aneea e
?aeeaeiciua oa??i?enou ioee/athony ia oaiaoeciii, a iiauoaiiie
aiooaaiinoueth e iiae/eiyaiinoueth, ae?oaea aeaaeaeoo aeanoe, o?aouee
eniuouaatho iio?aaiinoue a oie/oiaeaiee aeecie e o.ae. Ioaeii ia?aoeoue
aieiaiea e ia oi, /oi «oai?ee» ioaeaeueiuo oa??i?enoe/aneeo a?oii
(iai?eia?, a Eaoeineie Aia?eea) e?aeia i?eieoeaiu e oaiae, yoi, a
nouiinoe, i?inoi eicoiae, i?e/ai ia anaaaea aei eiioea i?iaeoiaiiua. Yoe
a?oiiu aeaeaeeiu ia oaiaoeciii, a yeaiaioa?iui iieneii nioeeaeueiie
ni?aaaaeeeainoe.
Aianoa n oai iaiaoiaeeii ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oi, /oi oa??i?enoe/aneea
a?oiiu aeiaieueii /anoi caeinoaotho eaaua e i?aaua ?aaiethoeeiiiua
oai?ee, iniuneeaatho eo ii-naiaio e aeiaiaeyo aei e?aeieo i?aaeaeia. Yoa
iaeneiaeecaoeey eneaaeaao, i?e/ai i/aiue a?oai, nioeeaeueioth
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, eioi?oth oa??i?enou caoai ia/eiatho aini?eieiaoue a
oaea oaeii eneaaeaiiii aeaea. Ieoieiaece?iaaiiay ii naiei
i?aaenoaaeaieyi ?aaeueiinoue aucuaaao iaaiaeiaaiea, a?aaeaeo,
iaiaaenoue, no?aieaiea ?ac e iaanaaaea iieii/eoue n iae. Ii
yeno?aienoneay ieoieiaey ia anaaaea e ia nianai aanii/aaiia, iia iiaeao
eiaoue iauaeoeaiua iniiaaiey, ii yoe iniiaaiey aeiaiaeyony aei aano?aea,
eiaaea, iai?eia?, ?acaeoua no?aiu i?aaenoaaeytho n?aaeioi/eai cea, a eo
eoeueoo?o – oieueei eae oioaeeoa?iue eiio?ieue. Ie? ieacuaaaony
iiaeaeaiiui ia aeaa /anoe: aaniethoiiai cea e aaniethoiiai aeia?a.
Eoae, oa??i?enou – yoi iniaue eeann ethaeae. A naiae cia/eoaeueiie /anoe
yoi naiaai ?iaea iiaeaeaeieee n io?eoeaoaeueiui ciaeii, ioia/aiiua
eca?aiiinoueth, e aiaeaaeaioiui, aeaienoaaiiui ioiioaieai e aeecie: n
iaeiie noi?iiu, iie oioyo aa naeaeaoue ni?aaaaeeeaie e i?aaeeueiie, a n
ae?oaie – oie/oiaeatho aa, oaeaay iiiaeo aeey aeinoeaeaiey naieo
eaeaaeia. Aianoa n oai o ieo aiieia yanoaaiii i?iyaeyaony no?aieaiea
aueoe ca ?aiee naiaai iianaaeiaaiiai, aoaeie/iiai nouanoaiaaiey,
iaiieieoue aai y?eeie e?aneaie, iaiau/iuie niauoeyie, ?eneii, ino?uie
ia?aaeeaaieyie, iaeiiaoe, /oi iniaaiii aaaeii, nii?eeiniooueny ni
nia?oueth, aeaaea oeoe a iaa. Niioaaonoaothuee ineoieiae/aneee yooaeo
aeinoeaaaony aeaiyeei iooai: eiaaea yeno?aieno ?eneoao naiae aeeciueth,
noaay aa ia a?aiue iaauoey, e eiaaea ii oaeaaao. Eiioaeo ni nia?oueth
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?aiaeieaiea ia?aie/aiiinoe naiaai auoey e auoiae ca
aai i?aaeaeu a aaneiia/iia, eai nia?oue e anoue aaneiia/iia. I?aauaaiea
a iai, oioy au e iooai oie/oiaeaiey ae?oaiai, ii?aaeaeyao oi iniaia,
ieeae ia n?aaieiia n iau/iui ninoiyiea ineoeee, iaoiaeaeaiea aa a
niaoeeoe/aneii ecia?aiee, /oi iaaethaeaaony i?aeoe/anee o anao oaeeoe,
eioi?ua oaeaaee iaiaeiie?aoii. A aaneiia/iii, o.a. a nia?oe ae?oaiai,
eiaeeaeae aeeaao naiae aua iai?iaeeoie aeeciueth e ianeieueei yoa /anoue
nianoaaiiiai nouanoaiaaiey i?aaenoaaeyaony iaiieiaiiie iaaaoeaiuie
ia?aaeeaaieyie, ianoieueei aa?iyoiu aeano?oeoeaiua ono?aieaiey.
A aeoa oaeenoaa /aeiaae noaaeo naay iaae aeeciueth, aanniciaoaeueii
iuouaao naay aa oicyeiii – oioy au e iaeiie aaeeinoaaiiie. Oai naiui ii
i?aiaeieaaaao naith ia?aie/aiiinoue, ii yoi ia anoue oieueei
ooaa?aeaeaiea naay eae ee/iinoe, ia anoue i?iaa?ea naay ia oi, /oi «y
iiao eee ia iiao», /ai oae io/eeny ?iaeeii ?aneieueieeia. Yoi eiaiii
i?aiaeieaiea ia?aie/aiiinoe, i?enouae /aeiaaeo eae i?e?iaeiiio nouanoao,
yoi auoiae a aaneiia/iia.
Iiaeii niaeaneoueny n Y.O?iiiii, /oi ?ac?ooeoaeueiinoue – aoi?e/iay
iioaioeeaeueiay aiciiaeiinoue, ei?aiyuayny a naiii nouanoaiaaiee
/aeiaaea e iaeaaeathuay oaeie aea neeie e aeanoueth, eae e ethaay
ae?oaay no?anoue. Iaeiaei ?ac?ooeoaeueiinoue anaai eeoue aeueoa?iaoeaa
niceaeaoaeueiinoe. Niceaeaiea e ?ac?ooaiea, n/eoaao Y.O?iii, ia
yaeythony einoeieoaie, nouanoaothueie iacaaeneii ae?oa io ae?oaa.
No?aieaiea e ?ac?ooaieth iaecaaaeii aicieeaao a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ia
oaeiaeaoai?yaony no?aieaiea e niceaeaieth. ss ia aeoiath iaeiaei, /oi
oa??i?enou oaeaatho iioiio, /oi ia oaeiaeaoai?yaony eo iio?aaiinoue a
niceaeaiee ni?aaaaeeeaiai iauanoaa. Anee au oaeia iauanoai auei
iino?iaii, oa??i?enou, ai anyeii neo/aa aieueoeinoai ec ieo ana ?aaii
i?iaeieaeaee au oaeaaoue, iineieueeo iie, eae y ioiaoee auoa,
ninoaaeytho niaa?oaiii iniaue eeann ethaeae. Yoo eo iniainoue iiaeii
iacaaoue iae?ioeeueiinoueth.
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