A?aiaea iaaeaeaeeiinoe
A?a?iaea (eao. arrendare — ioaeaaaoue a ia?i) — oi?ia eiouanoaaiiiai
aeiaiai?a, i?e eioi?ie nianoaaiiinoue ia?aaea?ony ai a?aiaiiia aeaaeaiea
e iieueciaaiea eee ai a?aiaiiia iieueciaaiea a?aiaeaoi?o ca a?aiaeioth
ieaoo. Iai?eia?, a naeueneii oicyenoaa e aeiauaathueo io?aneyo
iiea/eaaaony a?aiaiiia iieueciaaiea caieae eee iaae?aie. Aeeth/aao
caiaeueioth ?aioo, aii?oecaoeeth i?ioeaioa ca iieueciaaiea
iaoa?eaeueiuie aeoeaaie. Ieiaeu, i?iaeoeoeey e aeioiaeu, iieo/aiiua
a?aiaeaoi?ii a ?acoeueoaoa eniieueciaaiey a?aiaeiaaiiiai eiouanoaa a
niioaaonoaee n aeiaiai?ii, yaeythony aai nianoaaiiinoueth.
Iauaeoii a?aiaeu i?eciathony aeaeaeeiua e iaaeaeaeeiua aaue, a oii
/enea: caiaeueiua o/anoee, i?aaei?eyoey, caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey,
iai?oaeiaaiea, o?ainii?oiua n?aaenoaa e ae?oaea aaue, ia oa?ythuea naieo
iaoo?aeueiuo naienoa a i?ioeanna eo eniieueciaaiey (oaeea aaue
iacuaathony iaiio?aaeyaiuie). Aeiaiai? a?aiaeu aeieaeai /?oei
ii?aaeaeeoue eiie?aoiia eiouanoai, naeaaaaiia a a?aiaeo, oi anoue
aeaiiua, iicaieythuea eiaeeaeaeoaeece?iaaoue iauaeo a?aiaeu, aeieaeiu
auoue iaiin?aaenoaaiii oeacaiu a aeiaiai?a. Cai?auaaony naeaaaoue a
a?aiaeo i?aaei?eyoey iai?iiiuo io?aneae, nayce, o?ainii?oa, i?aaei?eyoey
oiieeaii-yia?aaoe/aneiai eiiieaena, caeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo aaieia e o.
ae
Noi?iiu aeiaiai?a
A?aiaeiaeaoaeue (eanni?) — oece/aneia eee th?eaee/aneia eeoei, eioi?ia
i?aaeinoaaeyao eiouanoai a?aiaeaoi?o ca ieaoo ai a?aiaiiia iieueciaaiea
e aeaaeaiea eee ai a?aiaiiia iieueciaaiea. Naeaaaoue a a?aiaeo eiouanoai
iiaeao oieueei aai nianoaaiiee eee eeoei, oi?aaiii/aiiia ia yoi
nianoaaiieeii eeai caeiiii.
A?aiaeaoi? (eanne, iinanni?, ?aioa?, oaiaio) — oece/aneia eee
th?eaee/aneia eeoei, caeeth/eaoaa aeiaiai? a?aiaeu e iiea/eaathuaa
iieueciaaiea e aeaaeaiea eee iieueciaaiea i?aaeinoaaeaiiui eiouanoaii
a?aiaeiaeaoaeth. E a?aiaeaoi?o a?aaeaeaineia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai ia
i?aaeoniao?eaaao eaeeo-eeai o?aaiaaiee e ia?aie/aiee (ca eneeth/aieai
a?aaeaeaineie aeaaniiniaiinoe, eae e e eiui noauaeoai
a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiauo ioiioaiee).
A?aiaeiaeaoaeue ii nianoaaiiie eieoeeaoeaa eee ec acaeyaea ia “ieioia
iiaaaeaiea” a?aiaeaoi?a oi/ao aein?i/ii ?aci?aaoue aeiaiai? a?aiaeu.
Aicieeaao aii?in: eiaaea e i?e eaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao a?aiaeiaeaoaeue
eiaao iniiaaiey aein?i/ii ?aci?aaoue aeiaiai? a?aiaeu? Anee iaa noi?iiu
niaeaniu ?aci?aaoue aeiaiai?, oiaaea ia aicieeaao ieeaeeo i?iaeai. E
iniaaiiuo i?e/ei aeey ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a eneaoue ia ioaeii. Ii ian
eae ?ac eioa?anoao neo/ae, eiaaea ?aci?aaoue aeiaiai? oi/ao eeoue iaeia
noi?iia – a?aiaeiaeaoaeue.
Iiniio?ei, /oi ia yoio n/ao ioia/aii a A?aaeaeaineii eiaeaena Oe?aeiu
(aeaeueoa – AE).
Niaeanii no. 781 AE aeiaiai? iaeia (a?aiaeu) i?ae?auaaony a neo/aa
eeeaeaeaoeee th?eaee/aneiai eeoea – a?aiaeaoi?a eee a?aiaeiaeaoaey. Oi
anoue, anee a?aiaeaoi? – th?eaee/aneia eeoei e yoi th?eaee/aneia eeoei
eeeaeaee?oaony, aeiaiai? a?aiaeu i?ae?auaaony. Ii yoi, neaaeai oae, ia
naiue ?ani?ino?aiaiiue neo/ae e iaoae neooaoeee ia eanaaony.
Iiyoiio eaeai aeaeueoa. O a?aiaeiaeaoaey anoue aiciiaeiinoue a
ii?aaeaeaiiuo neo/ayo ioeacaoueny io aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu – ?aci?aaoue aai
aac ?aoaiey noaea. Oi anoue i?ae?aoeoue aeiaiai? a nayce n
iaeiinoi?iiiei ioeacii io iaai 1.
( 1 A ioee/ea io ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a (i iai iu iiae?iaiaa iiaiai?ei
aeaeueoa), i?ae?auaiea aeiaiai?a a nayce n ioeacii ia ioaeaeaaony a
ia?auaiee e noaeo.)
Ioiineoaeueii yoiai a noaouea 214 AE ioia/aii: ioeacaoueny io aeiaiai?a
noi?iiu eiatho i?aai ca acaeiiui niaeaneai (ia iao neo/ae), a oaeaea a
neo/ayo, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii, aeaaea oiaaea, eiaaea oneiaey
aeiaiai?a iieiinoueth auiieiaiu noi?iiaie.
Oi anoue aeey ioeaca io aeiaiai?a a iaeiinoi?iiiai ii?yaeea aeinoaoi/iui
oneiaeai yaeyaony aeaeaiea, neaaeai oae, eieoeeaoeaiie noi?iiu e iaee/ea
niioaaonoaothueo iniiaaiee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii. E oiaaea oaea
/a?ac nai oaeo ioeaca aeiaiai? n/eoaaony ?aci?aaiiui. Iiniio?ei, /oi yoi
ca neo/ae, i?aaeoniio?aiiua caeiiii.
A niioaaonoaee ni noaoueae 782 AE a?aiaeiaeaoaeue eiaao i?aai
ioeacaoueny io aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu e o?aaiaaoue aica?auaiey aaue, anee
iaieiaoaeue ia aiineo ieaoo ca iieueciaaiea ia i?ioyaeaiee o?ao ianyoeaa
e?yaeo. A neo/aa ioeaca a?aiaeiaeaoaey io aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu aeiaiai?
n/eoaaony ?aci?aaiiui n iiiaioa iieo/aiey a?aiaeaoi?ii niiauaiey
a?aiaeiaeaoaey ia ioeaca io aeiaiai?a.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaeia ec aiciiaeiinoae ecaaaeoueny io a?aiaeaoi?a –
ioeacaoueny io aeiaiai?a /a?ac iaoieaoo a?aiaeiie ieaou ia i?ioyaeaiee
o?ao ianyoeaa e?yaeo. A yoii neo/aa a?aiaeiaeaoaeue aeieaeai iaienaoue
ienueiaiiue ioeac io aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu e iineaoue aai (aeaeaoaeueii n
niiauaieai i a?o/aiee) a?aiaeaoi?o. N iiiaioa iieo/aiey yoiai niiauaiey
aeiaiai? n/eoaaony ?aci?aaiiui.
Anee aeiaiai? a?aiaeu caeeth/ai ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie, eaaeaeay ec
noi?ii aeiaiai?a iiaeao ioeacaoueny io iaai a ethaia a?aiy. A
ienueiaiiii aeaea i?aaeoi?aaeea ia yoii aoi?oth noi?iio ca iaeei ianyoe,
a a neo/aa iaeia iaaeaeaeeiiai eiouanoaa – ca o?e ianyoea. Aeiaiai?ii
eee caeiiii iiaeao auoue onoaiiaeai ae?oaie n?ie aeey i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
ia ioeaca io aeiaiai?a iaeia, caeeth/aiiiai ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie. Oi
anoue anee aeiaiai? a?aiaeu caeeth/ai ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie,
ioeacaoueny io oaeiai aeiaiai?a a?aiaeiaeaoaeue iiaeao aac iniaaiiuo ia
oi i?e/ei (ioaeii oieueei i?aaeaa?eoaeueii niiaueoue i naiai iaia?aiee
a?aiaeaoi?a).
A anee a?aiaeaoi? ieaoeo ana naiaa?aiaiii e a aeiaiai?a /aoei
i?aaeinoa?aaeai n?ie a?aiaeu? I?inoi acyoue e ioeacaoueny io aeiaiai?a
a?aiaeiaeaoaeue a yoii neo/aa ia niiaeao. Iauyniyaony yoi oai, /oi
iaeiinoi?iiiee ioeac io aeiaiai?a aiciiaeai oieueei a neo/ayo,
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii. Yoe neo/ae oaea auee ioia/aiu auoa.
Iaeiaei a?aiaeiaeaoaeue eiaao aua aiciiaeiinoue ?aci?aaoue aeiaiai? ii
?aoaieth noaea. Ii e a yoii neo/aa, anee aoi?ay noi?iia ia aeaeaao
?ac?uaaoue aeiaiai?, oaeaea ioaeiua aeinoaoi/iua iniiaaiey.
Aea, ?anoi?aeaiea aeiaiai?a ii eieoeeaoeaa oieueei iaeiie noi?iiu
aiciiaeii:
– a neo/ayo, i?yii i?aaeoniio?aiiuo aeiaiai?ii;
– a neo/ayo, i?yii i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a caeiia.
Oi anoue, anee a aeiaiai?a a?aiaeiaeaoaeue i?aaeoniio?eo
aeiiieieoaeueiua oneiaey ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a, e?iia oao, /oi
ii?aaeaeaii a AE (iai?eia?, ca caaea?aeeo eiiioiaeueiuo ieaoaaeae e oiio
iiaeiaiia), oi i?e oaeeo oneiaeyo a?aiaeiaeaoaeue oaeaea iiaeao
ia?auaoueny a noae aeey ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a.
Eia/a aiai?y, oneiaey, i?e eioi?uo aeiaiai? iiaeao n/eoaoueny
?anoi?aiooui, noi?iiu iiaoo i?aaeoniio?aoue a aeiaiai?a. Aeaaea anee a
aeiaiai?a ia aoaeoo i?aaeoniio?aiu oaeea oneiaey eee anee a aeiaiai?a
aoaeoo ia?a/eneaiu oneiaey, ioee/iua io oao, /oi i?iienaiu a caeiia, a
neo/ayo, i?yii i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii, aeiaiai? oaeaea iiaeii aoaeao
?aci?aaoue ii ?aoaieth noaea.
Niaeanii n ii?iaie noaouee 783 AE ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a iaeia ii
o?aaiaaieth a?aiaeiaeaoaey aiciiaeii, anee:
– a?aiaeaoi? iieuecoaony aauueth aii?aee aeiaiai?o eee iacia/aieth aaue;
– a?aiaeaoi? aac ?ac?aoaiey a?aiaeiaeaoaey ia?aaeae aauue a iieueciaaiea
ae?oaiio eeoeo;
– a?aiaeaoi? naiei iaa?aaeiui iiaaaeaieai nicaeaao oa?ico iia?aaeaeaiey
aaue;
– a?aiaeaoi? ia i?enooiee e i?iaaaeaieth eaieoaeueiiai ?aiiioa aaue,
anee iaycaiiinoue i?iaaaeaiey eaieoaeueiiai ?aiiioa auea aiceiaeaia ia
a?aiaeaoi?a.
E aua iaeii. Aeiaiai? iiaeao auoue ?aci?aai ii ?aoaieth noaea ii
o?aaiaaieth iaeiie ec noi?ii ia oieueei a neo/ayo, onoaiiaeaiiuo
aeiaiai?ii eee caeiiii, ii e a neo/aa nouanoaaiiiai ia?ooaiey aeiaiai?a
aoi?ie noi?iiie
I?e yoii nouanoaaiiui aoaeao oaeia ia?ooaiea, eiaaea a ?acoeueoaoa
i?e/eiaiiiai yoei a?aaea aoi?ay noi?iia a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a oa?yao oi,
ia /oi iia ?ann/eouaaea i?e caeeth/aiee aeiaiai?a. Oioy ioiineoaeueii
a?aiaeiuo ioiioaiee yoi i?aaeei a?yae ee nineoaeeo neoaeao. Aaaeue ia
/oi ?ann/eouaaao a?aiaeiaeaoaeue, caeeth/ay aeiaiai? a?aiaeu? Ai-ia?auo,
ia a?aiaeioth ieaoo, ai-aoi?uo, ia nio?aiiinoue eiouanoaa, ia?aaeaiiiai
a a?aiaeo. A AE i?aaeoniio?aiu iniiaaiey aeey ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a,
oaeea eae iaaianaiea a?aiaeiie ieaou e iaa?aaeiia iiaaaeaiea
ioiineoaeueii eiouanoaa. Oae aio auoiaeeo, /oi yoi i?aaeei ia oaeia oae
e aaaeiia, oioy a?aiioiue th?eno iiaeao e ec iaai aue?ooeoue i?eee/iia
iniiaaiea aeey ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a.
Oaia?ue ioiineoaeueii ii?yaeea ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a. Anee
a?aiaeiaeaoaeue e a?aiaeaoi? yaeythony noauaeoaie i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, oi a yoii aii?ina ei neaaeoao ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny
noaoueae 188 Oicyenoaaiiiai eiaeaena Oe?aeiu. Oi anoue ei ioaeii
auiieieoue iaeioi?ua aeinoaeaaiua oi?iaeueiinoe. Yoe oi?iaeueiinoe
iiaeii i?iionoeoue, anee iaeia ec noi?ii ii aeiaiai?o yaeyaony
oece/aneei eeoeii – ia noauaeoii i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Anee aea iaa noi?iiu yaeythony noauaeoaie i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, ioaeii eiaoue a aeaeo neaaeothuaa:
Noi?iia aeiaiai?a, eioi?ay n/eoaao iaiaoiaeeiui eciaieoue eee ?aci?aaoue
aeiaiai?, aeieaeia iai?aaeoue i?aaeeiaeaiea ioiineoaeueii yoiai aoi?ie
noi?iia ii aeiaiai?o.
Noi?iia aeiaiai?a, eioi?ay iieo/eea i?aaeeiaeaiea ia eciaiaiee eee
?anoi?aeaiee aeiaiai?a, a aeaaaeoeaoeaeiaaiie n?ie ii iieo/aiee
i?aaeeiaeaiey niiauaao aoi?ie noi?iia i ?acoeueoaoao aai (i?aaeeiaeaiey)
?anniio?aiey.
A neo/aa, anee noi?iiu ia i?eoee e niaeaneth ioiineoaeueii eciaiaiey
(?anoi?aeaiey) aeiaiai?a eee a neo/aa iaiieo/aiey ioaaoa a onoaiiaeaiiue
n?ie, n o/aoii a?aiaie ii/oiaiai ia?auaiey, caeioa?aniaaiiay noi?iia
eiaao i?aai ia?aaeaoue nii? a noae (oicyenoaaiiue noae).
Anee aeiaiai? ?anoi?aaaony ii ?aoaieth noaea, oi ?anoi?aiooui ii aoaeao
n/eoaoueny ia iiiaio auianaiey niioaaonoaothuaai ?aoaiey (anee ae?oaie
n?ie ia onoaiiaeai ii ?aoaieth noaea).
Iaiiiiei: anee aeiaiai? ?ac?uaaaony ia oii iniiaaiee, /oi
a?aiaeiaeaoaeue ioeacuaaaony io aeiaiai?a (a?aiaeaoi? o?e ianyoea ia
aiineo ieaoo ca a?aiaeo), oi aeiaiai? n/eoaaony ?aci?aaiiui n iiiaioa
niiauaiey ia yoii a?aiaeaoi?o.
Aaaeiue iiiaio – a neo/aa i?ae?auaiey aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu, a?aiaeaoi?
iaycai iaiaaeeaiii aa?iooue a?aiaeiaeaoaeth aauue a ninoiyiee, a eioi?ii
iia auea iieo/aia, n o/aoii ii?iaeueiiai eciina, eee a ninoiyiee,
eioi?ia auei iaoneiaeaii a aeiaiai?a.
Anee a?aiaeaoi? ia auiieiyao naiaai aeieaa ioiineoaeueii aica?auaiey
aaue, a?aiaeiaeaoaeue eiaao i?aai o?aaiaaoue io a?aiaeaoi?a oieaou
iaonoieee a ?acia?a aeaieiie ieaou ca iieueciaaiea aauueth ca a?aiy
i?in?i/ee. Anee a?aiaeaoi? ioeacuaaaony iiea/eaaoue iaonoieeo
aeia?iaieueii, a?aiaeiaeaoaeue niiaeao acuneaoue aa n a?aiaeaoi?a ii
?aoaieth noaea.
?anoi?aeaiea aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu aeeeuey
A oii neo/aa, anee a?aiaeiaeaoaeue – oece/aneia eeoei, naeaao a a?aiaeo
naia aeeeuea, aeey oiai, /oiau auynieoue, eaeea anoue iniiaaiey aeey
?anoi?aeaiey yoiai aeiaiai?a, iai neaaeoao ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny noaoueyie
825, 826 AE.
Aeiaiai? a?aiaeu aeeeuey iiaeao auoue ?aci?aai ii ?aoaieth noaea ii
o?aaiaaieth a?aiaeiaeaoaey a neo/aa:
– iaaianaiey a?aiaeaoi?ii ieaou ca aeeeuea ca oanoue ianyoeaa, anee
aeiaiai?ii ia onoaiiaeai aieaa aeeeoaeueiue n?ie, a i?e e?aoein?i/iie
a?aiaea (caeeth/aiiie n?ieii aei iaeiiai aiaea) – nauoa aeaoo ?ac;
– ?ac?ooaiea eee ii?/a aeeeuey a?aiaeaoi?ii eee ae?oaeie eeoeaie, ca
aeaenoaey eioi?uo ii ioaa/aao (a yoii neo/aa ii ?aoaieth noaea
a?aiaeaoi?o iiaeao auoue i?aaeinoaaeai n?ie ia aieaa iaeiiai aiaea aeey
ainnoaiiaeaiey aeeeuey).
Anee ia i?ioyaeaiee n?iea, ii?aaeaeaiiiai noaeii, a?aiaeaoi? ia ono?aieo
aeiiouaiiuo ia?ooaiee, noae i?e iiaoi?iii enea a?aiaeiaeaoaey auiineo
?aoaiea i ?anoi?aeaiee aeiaiai?a iaeia aeeeuey. Ii i?inueaa a?aiaeaoi?a
noae iiaeao ion?i/eoue auiieiaiea ?aoaiey ia aieaa /ai ia iaeei aiae.
Anee a?aiaeaoi? aeeeuey eee ae?oaea eeoea, ca aeaenoaey eioi?uo ii
ioaa/aao, eniieuecotho aeeeuea ia ii iacia/aieth eee nenoaiaoe/anee
ia?ooatho i?aaa e eioa?anu ninaaeae, a?aiaeiaeaoaeue iiaeao
i?aaeoi?aaeeoue a?aiaeaoi?a i iaiaoiaeeiinoe ono?aiaiey yoeo ia?ooaiee.
Anee a?aiaeaoi? eee ae?oaea eeoea, ca aeaenoaey eioi?uo ii ioaa/aao,
iinea i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey i?iaeieaeatho eniieueciaaoue aeeeuea ia ii
iacia/aieth eee ia?ooaoue i?aaa e eioa?anu ninaaeae, a?aiaeiaeaoaeue
eiaao i?aai o?aaiaaoue ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu aeeeuey.
Aeiaiai? a?aiaeu /anoe aeiia, eaa?oe?u, eiiiaou (/anoe eiiiaou) oaeaea
iiaoo auoue ?aci?aaiu ii o?aaiaaieth a?aiaeiaeaoaey, a neo/aa
iaiaoiaeeiinoe eniieueciaaiey aeeeuey aeey i?iaeeaaiey naiiai
a?aiaeiaeaoaey e /eaiia aai naiuee. A yoii neo/aa a?aiaeiaeaoaeue
aeieaeai i?aaeoi?aaeeoue iaieiaoaey i ?anoi?aeaiee aeiaiai?a ia
iicaeiaa, /ai ca aeaa ianyoea.
Eae aeaeei, naiui oaeiaiui niiniaii ecaaaeoueny io a?aiaeaoi?a, anee
?a/ue eaeao ia a?aiaea aeeeuey, yoi iiiuoea ?aci?aaoue aeiaiai? ia
iniiaaiee, /oi aeeeuea, eioi?ia naeaaony a a?aiaeo, a?aiaeiaeaoaeue
oi/ao eniieueciaaoue aeey naiaai i?iaeeaaiey eee /eaiia aai naiuee.
Ai-ia?auo, a yoii neo/aa ia neaaeoao iiaeaaaoue iiaoi?iue ene, eae a
neo/aa n ?anoi?aeaieai aeiaiai?a ia ae?oaeo iniiaaieyo (caaea?aeea
a?aiaeaoi?ii a?aiaeiie ieaou, ii?/e a?aiaeaoi?ii eiouanoaa
a?aiaeiaeaoaey). Ai-aoi?uo, eniieuecoy yoi iniiaaiea, iiaeii ?aci?aaoue
aeiaiai? a?aiaeu aeeeuey aeaaea n naiui aeia?iniaanoiui a?aiaeaoi?ii.
E ioia/aiiiio i?eaaaei, /oi a neo/aa ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu
aeeeuey, a?aiaeaoi? e ae?oaea eeoea, eioi?ua aeeee a iiiauaiee,
iiaeeaaeao aunaeaieth ec aeeeuey ia iniiaaiee ?aoaiey noaea, aac
i?aaeinoaaeaiey ei ae?oaiai aeeeuey.
Oaia?ue iiaiai?ei i n?ieao aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu, ia aaoiiaoe/aneii
i?iaeieaeaiee aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu, i oii, eae a?aiaeiaeaoaeth
cano?aoiaaoue naay io i?iaeieaeaiey aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu iaaeaeaeeiinoe aac
aai ia oi niaeaney.
A noaouea 763 AE ioia/aii, /oi aeiaiai? a?aiaeu caeeth/aaony ia n?ie,
onoaiiaeaiiue aeiaiai?ii. A oi aea a?aiy, anee n?ie aeiaiai?a ia
onoaiiaeai, aeiaiai? a?aiaeu n/eoaaony caeeth/aiiui ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue
n?ie. Ioiineoaeueii a?aiaeu aeeeuey, oi a niioaaonoaee n noaoueae 821
AE, anee a aeiaiai?a n?ie ia onoaiiaeai, aeiaiai? n/eoaaony caeeth/aiiui
ia iyoue eao.
Anee aeiaiai? a?aiaeu caeeth/ai ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie, eaaeaeay ec
noi?ii aeiaiai?a iiaeao ioeacaoueny io iaai a ethaia a?aiy. A
ienueiaiiii aeaea i?aaeoi?aaeea ia yoii aoi?oth noi?iio ca ianyoe, a a
neo/aa a?aiaeu iaaeaeaeeiiai eiouanoaa – ca o?e ianyoea. Aeiaiai?ii eee
caeiiii iiaeao auoue onoaiiaeai ae?oaie n?ie aeey i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey ia
ioeaca io aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu, caeeth/aiiiai ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie.
Caeiiii iiaoo auoue onoaiiaeaiu iaeneiaeueiua (i?aaeaeueiua) n?iee
aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia eiouanoaa. I?e yoii, anee e
ieii/aieth onoaiiaeaiiiai caeiiii iaeneiaeueiiai n?iea a?aiaeu ie iaeia
ec noi?ii ia ioeacaeanue io aeiaiai?a, caeeth/aiiiai ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue
n?ie, ii i?ae?auaaony ii ieii/aiee iaeneiaeueiiai n?iea aeiaiai?a.
Aeiaiai? a?aiaeu, n?ie eioi?iai i?aauoaao onoaiiaeaiiue caeiiii
iaeneiaeueiue n?ie, n/eoaaony caeeth/aiiui ia n?ie, /oi ioaa/aao
iaeneiaeueiiio n?ieo.
Ni n?ieaie aeiaiai?a ana iiiyoii. Iaeiaei caeanue anoue iiaeaiaeiua
eaiie, ia eioi?ia iaoaeeeaaaony aieueoeinoai a?aiaeiaeaoaeae. Aeaei a
oii, /oi noaoueae 764 AE ii?aaeaeaiu i?aaiaua iineaaenoaey i?iaeieaeaiey
iieueciaaiey eiouanoaii ii ieii/aiee n?iea aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu.
A yoie noaouea i?yii ioia/aii: anee a?aiaeaoi? i?iaeieaeaao
iieueciaaoueny eiouanoaii ii ieii/aiee n?iea aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu, oi, i?e
ionoonoaee aic?aaeaiee a?aiaeiaeaoaey ia i?ioyaeaiee iaeiiai ianyoea,
aeiaiai? n/eoaaony iaiiaeaiiui ia n?ie, eioi?ue aue ?aiaa onoaiiaeai
aeiaiai?ii.
Aio e auoiaeeo, /oi iiiaea a?aiaeiaeaoaee, eioi?ua ia oneaaeeee ca
a?aiaeaoi?ii, “ii aeia” yoie ii?iu iioii ia iiaoo ecaaaeoueny io
a?aiaeaoi?ia aua aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy. Oae /oi i oaeie iniaaiiinoe
i?ieiiaaoeee aeiaiai?ia iaeuecy caauaaoue a ethaii neo/aa.
Aeiionoei, a?aiaeiaeaoaeue eiaao iniiaaiey o?aaiaaoue io a?aiaeaoi?a,
/oiau ii inaiaiaeee a?aiaeiaaiiia iiiauaiea (caeii/eeny n?ie aeiaiai?a
a?aiaeu, a?aiaeiaeaoaeue ioeacaeny io aeiaiai?a ec-ca oiai, /oi
a?aiaeaoi? caaea?aeeaaao a?aiaeiua ieaoaaee). Iaeiaei a?aiaeaoi? e ia
niae?aaony aunaeyoueny ec caiyoiai ei iiiauaiey. *oi aeaeaoue a yoii
neo/aa a?aiaeiaeaoaeth? O iaai anoue aeaa iooe. Ia?aue – i?eiyoue
eaeea-oi ia?u naiinoiyoaeueii, oi anoue auioaeeoue a?aiaeaoi?a
inaiaiaeeoue iiiauaiea. Aoi?ie – ia?aoeoueny a noae.
Ia?aue niinia, iau/ii, a?iaea au iaiiiai aieaa i?eaeaeaoaeueiue aeey
a?aiaeiaeaoaey, aaaeue noaeaaiue i?ioeann iiaeao aeeeoueny ia iaeei
ianyoe, iethn aiciiaeiua ?anoiaeu ia ainiioeeio e ae?oaea ?anoiaeu,
naycaiiua n noaeaaiui i?ioeannii. Iaeiaei aoaeao ee yoio ia?aue niinia
inaiaiaeaeaiey naiaai iiiauaiey caeiiiui?
Iaeiicia/ii ioaaoeoue neiaeii: iiiaia caaeneo io oiai, eaeie eiaiii
iooue ecaa?ao a?aiaeiaeaoaeue a i?ioeanna aunaeaiey a?aiaeaoi?a, eaeeie
iaoiaeaie aoaeao aeaenoaiaaoue, eae ninoaaeai aeiaiai? e eae naay
iiaaaeao a ioaao a?aiaeaoi?.
Ia i?aeoeea ano?a/athony neo/ae, eiaaea a aeiaiai?a iaaeaeo noi?iiaie
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony: anee a?aiaeaoi? ia inaiaiaeaeaao iiiauaiey,
a?aiaeiaeaoaeue eiaao i?aai nai i?eiyoue ia?u, /oiau auaoaoue a o?iiooia
a?aiaeaoi?ii iiiauaiea, iaania/ea ia?ii?eyoey ii nio?aiiinoe eiouanoaa.
Aaue a?aiaeaoi?a iienuaathony, auaicyony e aica?auathony aiineaaenoaee
a?aiaeaoi?o oeaeuie e iaa?aaeeiuie. Ii eiiaaea a?aiaeaoi? ana ?aaii
iiaeaao a noae ia a?aiaeiaeaoaey, iaaeiyy aai a naiioi?aanoaa e e?aaea
aai eiouanoaa. E oioy noaeaaiue i?ioeann oaeea a?aiaeaoi?u, eae i?aaeei,
i?iea?uaatho, yoi ia nianaao a?aiaeiaeaoaey io eeoieo ?anoiaeia ia
aaeaieaoa, io ia?aio?aiee, e?iia oiai, a aai ianneaa – ?anoiaeiaaiea
a?aiaie.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa ioaao ia aii?in, iiaeii ee
naiiio a?aiaeiaeaoaeth inaiaiaeeoue iiiauaiea, aa?iyoiaa anaai, aoaeao
io?eoeaoaeueiui. Iiiyoii, /oi a?aiaeaoi?, eioi?ue ia oi/ao
inaiaiaeaeaoue iiiauaiey, – iinoiyiiay aieiaiay aieue aeey
a?aiaeiaeaoaey. Ii a eaaeaeii ethaii neo/aa, aeaenoaey a?aiaeiaeaoaey ia
aeieaeiu i?ioeai?a/eoue onoaiiaeaiiiio ii?yaeeo aica?auaiey iiiauaiey.
Oi anoue, eiaaea ana aiciiaeiua niiniau ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a aac
ia?auaiey a noae oaea eniuoaiu, a eiaiii: iiiuoea ie?ii aeiaiai?eoueny
ia oaeaeanue,ienueii i ?anoi?aeaiee aeiaiai?a a iaeiinoi?iiiai ii?yaeea
(anee auea caaea?aeea a?aiaeiie ieaou) i?ieaii?e?iaaii, e ana yoi ia
i?eaaei e aeaeaaiiio ?acoeueoaoo, aunaeyoue ec iiiauaiey a?aiaeaoi?ia
neaaeoao /a?ac noae.
Anee ?ane?uaaoue aeaa?e iiiauaiey e inaiaiaeaeaoue iiiauaiea io aauae
a?aiaeaoi?a naiinoiyoaeueii, oi ana yoi iiaeao i?eaanoe e ano?a/iiio
eneo a noae ni noi?iiu a?aiaeaoi?a. E oiaaea oaea a?aiaeiaeaoaeue aoaeao
aunooiaoue ioaao/eeii a noaea. A yoi a?yae ee iaeeo/oee aa?eaio.
*aua anaai, iieo/aiea noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey aua ia icia/aao iieo/aiey
aeieaa ca a?aiaeioth ieaoo e iiiauaiea. Aia?aaee aua ai?ueaa ca naia
eiouanoai e i?ioeaaeo?a acuneaiey aeaiaa, a eioi?oth aoaeoo oaea
aiaea/aiu ainoaea?noaaiiua eniieieoaee. Oi anoue, iieo/ea ?aoaiea noaea,
aunaeaieai aoaeao caieiaoueny aineniieieoaeue. E caaeaiea a?aiaeiaeaoaey
– aeoeaii aio a yoii niinianoaiaaoue. Oiaaea aeaei ii aunaeaieth
caaa?oeony oniaoii.
Iiae oaeei niaeaenoaeai neaaeoao iiieiaoue neaaeothuaa:
– niaeaenoaea a aeinoaaea a?aiaeaoi?ii iinoaiiaeaiey ia ioe?uoee
eniieieoaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa n i?aaeeiaeaieai i aeia?iaieueiii
inaiaiaeaeaiee iiiauaiey e a?o/aiey yoiai iinoaiiaeaiey aeieaeieeo;
– aeinoaaeo eniieieoaey ia ianoi aunaeaiey;
– iiiiuue a i?aaiecaoeee ?aaio ii ioe?uoeth iiiauaiey, anee a?aiaeaoi?
cae?ue iiiauaiea e a iai ia iaoiaeeony;
– niaeaenoaea a i?aaiecaoeee e iieaoa ?aaio ii auaico eiouanoaa
a?aiaeaoi?a e ia?aaea/a aai ia o?aiaiea.
Anee aiai?eoue ia oieueei i aunaeaiee, ii e i acuneaiee a?aiaeiie ieaou
n a?aiaeaoi?a, oi ia eneeth/aii, /oi noaeaaiua (e ae?oaea) ?anoiaeu
i?aaunyo aeiea “eaa?oe?aioa”, iiyoiio, i?aaeaea /ai ia/aoue noaeaaiia
?acae?aoaeuenoai, neaaeoao iiaen/eoaoue ana aoaeouea ?anoiaeu e auoue
oaa?aiiui ioiineoaeueii ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe a?aiaeaoi?a.
Auoa iu ioia/aee, /oi naiinoiyoaeueii aunaeeoue a?aiaeaoi?a aoaeao ia
nianai caeiiiui. Iaeiaei aunaeeoue iaaeia?iniaanoiiai a?aiaeaoi?a eee
oiai, o eiai n?ie a?aiaeu oaea ieioe, aeaaea iieo/ea iinoaiiaeaiea
noaea, oiaea oaeaaony aeaeaei ia anaaaea.
A yoii neo/aa a?aiaeiaeaoaeth oaea ie/aai ia inoaiaony, eae i?eaaaiooue
e ?aciui niiniaai, eioi?ua au iiiiaee onei?eoue aunaeaiea a?aiaeaoi?a.
I?aeoeee, eioi?ua oaea noaeeeaaeenue n iiaeiaiie i?iaeaiie, aeatho
?aciua niaaou. Iaeie, /oiau onei?eoue aunaeaiea a?aiaeaoi?a,
i?aaeeaaatho ia/aoue a iiiauaiee eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio eee aua eae-oi
iiiaoaoue oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe a?aiaeaoi?a. Iai?eia?, anee
ooaeao eee ae?oaea neoaeaaiua iiiauaiey iaoiaeyony ioaeaeueii io ioena,
cae?uoue eo. Ae?oaea niaaootho ia?ae?uoue aiaeo, ioeeth/eoue naao (oi
anoue aeaenoaiaaoue /a?ac eiiioiaeueiua neoaeau), anaeeoue a ioen iiauo
a?aiaeaoi?ia (ionoue aeaaea eeiiauo), eciaieoue caiee. A eiioea-eiioeia,
o a?aiaeiaeaoaey oaea aoaeao ?aoaiea noaea, ia iniiaaiee eioi?iai
aeiaiai? aoaeao n/eoaoueny ?aci?aaiiui. Oi anoue aeaenoaey, eioi?ua e
noaeo iiaee au ?anoeaieaaoueny eae naiioi?aanoai (aeiionoei, aeaaea, /oi
yoi oae), iinea auianaiey noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey oaea ia aoaeoo auaeyaeaoue
oaeeie (oioy caeanue oiaea anoue a?aieoea iaaeaeo eaaaeueiinoueth e
aaccaeiieai e aaaeii aa ia ia?anooieoue).
A caeeth/aiea oioaeinue au caiaoeoue neaaeothuaa. Aunaeaiea a?aiaeaoi?a
i?e aai aeoeaiii i?ioeaiaeaenoaee yoiio – aeaei i/aiue neiaeiia, ii aeey
oiai, /oiau a?aiaeiaeaoaeue a yoie aeoaa ia ieacaeny noi?iiie, /oi
i?iea?aea, ioaeii iaycaoaeueii aeaenoaiaaoue a i?aaeaeao caeiia. Yoe
a?aieoeu iu e iinoa?aeenue i/a?oeoue a yoie ioaeeeaoeee. Oae /oi oniaoia
aai.
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