O????? ????i ? ?????th
A??????? ???????a ?????
???i ????????i ?????y
A????e ???????e ??????? ?????o ?. I. A???
E???o E?????? e ???i? ?????y
E??? ??a e ????c??y
N?????? “TH?????ey” n ??????? ??????ueth “E??ey”
A???ay ???????ay ???
A????a ???u ????ey ????? ?????i
OOA 2010
NIAeA?AEAIEA
AAAAeAIEA
AEAAA I. I?AAIAIA IIEIAEAIEA AAOIIIIIIAI O*?AAEAeAIEss
1.1 I?? O?????i C??a ? 174 “Ia ????? ????eyo”
1.2 A????a ????? ?e ?ae ?????
AEAAA II. NO?OEOO?A OI?AAEAIEss AAOIIIIIUI O*?AAEAeAIEAI
2.1 O????ue ?????i ?????y
2.2 I??u ?????i ???a?y
AEAAA III. OI?AAEAIEA AAOIIIIIUI IA?ACIAAOAEUeIUI O*?AAEAeAIEAI
3.1 A????a ???????a ?????
3.2 N??? ????ey ???i?i ???????i ?????i
CAEETH*AIEA
AEAEEIA?AOEss
AAAAeAIEA
O????a ?????ey ???????-???? ??, a ???o ??o ?????y e ?i?????? ???????a e
??????a ?????y – ?? ? ?????o ???? ???e???o ????e, ???a ???y ? ??y??e ?y?
?o, ????ay ???u ???e??e ????? ??u. Y? ?????i, ??i?? ?? ?? i ?????e ?? e
iay????e ?????, a ????e, a ??u ?????y, ???y ?????otho ????a ??? ????? a
y?????? ??a.
N???y n?????y ??i ???i, ?i a ?eyo ????y ???? e ?a???y ???a ?????y?? ??a
???? ??????ue a ??????? ????? ??u. Ia ???y ? y?, a ??iy?a ??y ?-????
???ny ???e ?ey ???????? ???a a ??a ????? ??a n ??? ???i ?????e a ?yce n
????th??y ???????e ????e ?????a, ?i y?y?ny ???? a ????? ?????? ????
?????y?? ???ue?o ??a ????th.
A???ay ?? ????e ???????? ??? “A????a ???u ????ey ????? ?????i” ?e ?a ??
???? ??, y?y?ny ??????e e ???? ?????e ? ???y?? ??. A? a 2004 ?? I?c??o
?O A???? I?? ???? ??? i ?i, ????i ??i ????? e n??a ath???o ?????
?????ytho ???i?oyi ????. Ia ?????? ??? I??o???i ??? ?? ???ey ??o ?????,
?e ???o ath???a ??? ??e ? ?????y?ny ????ey? ????o ?????i?i-???? ??, ??e
ec ???o ??e ????? ????ey.
I??????a ?????? ??e ????? ??u ?????y, ????, ???? a i?? ???????-???? ??u:
???????a (??????a) ????? ????ey ??????a? O????? ??i ? 3 ?y?y 2006 a. ?
174-OC “Ia ????? ????eyo (??a – Ca?i ? 174-OC), ????? N??? O???? ia
186-i ????i ????e. I??a ???? ??a O?a???e ??i ? 175-OC “I ???? ????e a
???????a ?? ?????e O???? a ?y? n ??y?? O?????i ??? “Ia ????? ????eyo”
(??a – C?? ? 175-OC).
A ?y? n ??y?? C??a ? 174-OC a ??a ?????y, ? ???th ????ny ???yth?a ?????
y?o ??a th????? ?oe, ?y??? ??????y ???????ue ????i ??????y ???a y?? ??
?????, ???a ????a ???? e ???? a ????????, nay??? n ???? ???i ???a ????ey
y?? th?????i ??. O?ay ???ey ???? ? ???? e ????? ?????o ????ia ??????y, a
??a ??y?th ???e, ??th??th ??? n ?o???i ?????i ????ey n ?????i ??????n?a
? ????.
E?y ???ey ????? ????? ??i ??? a ?? ??????e. Ia ???, ?i ???? ??????
?e???i ath???o ????? ???????i ?????y ??o ???oth ?????????th ?y????ue. I?
y?i ?ey ath???? ??????ey, ??ey?? ??i ????eyi, ???i ???, ?i ??? ????? ?e
???a. Iiy?? ???????, ?i athaeae??a ????ey, ???a “??? ?iyo ? i??” ? ??
???a ? ?????????e ?y??i??, ??? ?? “????” ? ???????o ???? e ??????u a
?oth ???????-???oth ??o. O?? ???i, ?????? ?????e c???e?i ????ue ???u
ath??a, ? ??oy ?e y?i ???? ????thny ?o?????o ???ey ??? ????ey? ???ue?
???? ??a ????th. Ii ??eth ?i???? ???, ?i ??y?a ??i ???? e ???????? ??e,
???? e ????iey e e ??o ????e a ????? ??a. N????e ? ??????a, ? ??e ???u,
??????e, ?i:
– ???ae ???????o ????? a n??n ????? ????o ? ???th ???i?th ???o, a ?????
– ????th ????oth ??o;
– ??e ??? ath???o ????? ???? ???? y?????? ?????ey ath???o ???a.
I? ?????, ?i ??????? ? ath??a ????? ????? ??o ???? ???????i ?e ??????i
???i ? ??????? ???????o ?e ??????o ??a. Ae??i ????? ?????a ?? ?, ?i ????
?, ????? ? ??e????e ?y????e ??o ?????, ???? a ??? ???y??a ????? ?????,
???a ??? ????ue ?????a ??a, ??ue ????? ?a??, a eo ?????eyi ?????ny
?????ue ???iy??? ?????ue ???a ????? e ?? ?cy????e ?y????e.
A y?e ?y? ??? ?? ?? ?a????? ?????ue ? ???ey ??o ath??????o ????, a
?????ue ?????a?y ?a ?ath??y ???????o (??????o) ?????, ????o ???????ue a
???? ??a. A ?ith ???ue ?????i ?e y?i ????? ? ?ay ? ?y???? ???i ?????i
?????y ? ?i?a ??u ???a e ???? e, ??a, ?a???i ? ?ay ? ?????i?? ? ?y?????i
y?o ?????.
N??? ??u ????? ??a a ???e, y?yy? ??i ? ????o y???? ????i-y??????i ???ey
???, ??? ?????ny a ??o, ??????ioth e ???oth ?y ???i ?? ?????. Aeey y??
????? y?????? ?y????e, ?????? ????? ???a, ?a?? ??????? a ????? ??
???a?ey e ????, a ??a ?????y ??ea ???? ??????ey ??a a ??? ???yo.
A???ay ???????ay ??? ?n?? ? ??o ??, ???? ? ????u. I??y ??a “I???a ????a
?????i ?????y”, ???o ? ??oth?o ?????, “I?? O???ue?? C??a “Ia ?????
????eyo”, “A????a ?????a ?e ?ae ?????”. A ??? ??a ?? ?? i O????? C??a
“Ia ????? ????eyo”, ??????o ??? ?????i ????ey ?e ??e ???????-???? ??a,
?e?? ?????i ????ey ? ath???? ?e??. A??y ??a “N???? ????ey ???i?i ?????i”
???o ? ???, ??o ?e “O??e?? ?????i ????ey”, “I??u ?????i ????ey”, ??y??
???? ????ey ????? ?????i. O?? a ??a ?????oth?y ?????? ??? ????ey ?????
?????i, o?? ?e ?????, ?????? e ??th????e ??o, ?????? ? ?????e e ??????o
??. O??y ??a ??y?? ????eth ????? ???????i ?????i, ???y ?e e ????ny
“O????a ????? ???a???? ?????i”. A?? ???o ? ????i? ???: “A????a ???????a
?????” e “N??? ????ey ????? ???????i ?????i”.
A ??iy?e ??? ????? ??oth?a ??:
– ???????? ???? ????a ?????i ????ey;
– ???? ????? ????? ??y? n ath???? ????ey?;
– ???ue ????o ????ey ????? ?????i.
C???e, n ???th ???o ??o ??? ?????? ?? ??oth?a:
– ?????? C??a ? 174-OC;
– ?y??? ??????o ?? ??i??? ????ey ? ath???? ???a, ????e a ?? ??y?y
C?????? ? ????? ????eyo, ???a ?????i ???a?y ? ?? ???????-???? ??;
– ?y??? ???? a ???????? ? ????? ????eyo;
– ?????? ???a ????ey ????? ?????i ? ???a ?????i i???????i ????ey.
I???i ?????ey ????o ???? ????a ?????i ????ey, ??????a e????i ????ey
????? ?????i. I?ae??i y?yth?y ??i??a ????ey, ????? e ????a ???a ????ey
???i?? ????ey.
I???????th ??? ?????ey ???eytho ???a ??u a ???e ?????? ??a. A ??? ??????
??a e ??i? ??? ?????ey, a ?i ??a, ????i-th?????, ????-???? e ???, ????e
??? ????o y??? e ??e???. A ???? ?????ey ??????? ??a ?????a ??? e ??? ?e
???y ????ey, ??? e ???, ????y e ?.
Ii ???e ?????e ??? ??e???e ??i ???ue, ?i ??ay ?? a ?? ??e ???u, ? ?????
?????? a ???e ????? e ???o ?????i ???ey e ?????y. *? ?n??y ???? ????ey
????? ?????i, ? ??ay ?????? ???ny ?????iie ? ??? ???, ?e ?e ???????? ?
????? ????eyo ??o ?? ???u e ?????e a ??? ??a.
I? ????e ????e ???u ?? ?????? ???a ??u ???-?????? a ???e ?????? ??a:
O.A. A????, A. A?tho?a, A.E. A?????, I.E. A???, N.A. A????, A.I.
A?????e, A.A.A?????i, I.N. A?????, O.A. A???, A.A. C????i, E.C???e, A.A.
E???e, A.A. E????o, A.E. Eeth?a, N.A. E??a, I.A.E????, A.A. I??yi, E.A.
I?????e, I.A. I???e, A.TH. I???i, A.A. I??a, E.I. O???a, E.A. *??a, N.E.
O??? e ??? ??? ???a.
AEAAA I. I?AAIAIA IIEIAEAIEA AAOIIIIIIAI O*?AAEAeAIEss
1.1 I?? O?????i C??a “Ia ????? ????eyo”
A ?????? n ???oth?i ??i?????? ??i ? ????a ????o??? ???? a ????? ??a
y?y?ny ???a ????e th????? ?oe. I? ?????, ??? ??i, ????ny ??????ue a
?????, ???e ?????i ??ey? ??????? ?????e ?y ???o??ey ?e ????? ???e e, a
?ith ???ue, ????oy a ??oth ??o, ?????o ??? ?????i y??????i e ?????i
???ey ????. I??i ??a?? ??????ey, ??????a ????????i, ?????? ??????? ?
?ii?yth?y.
A ??? 90-o ??a XX ?? ?eyo ????ey ????th?e ???u ??????? ??i??eyi a ???e
?? ????i ????ey? ?????????th ?y????ue. N??th?i ??i a ??? ?????e ?? ??e
??e ???????-???? ??u e ? ?????, n ??e ???u, ??i ????y a???e ?????e e
?cy????-???y????? ????ey?, a n ??? – ??i ??? ? ? ??????ey. Ae??e ??e
????ny ??y?? O?????i ??? ? 3 ?y?y 2006 a. ? 174-OC “Ia a????o ????eyo” e
? 175-OC “I ???? ????e a ???????a ?? ?????e O???? a ?y? n ??y?? O?????i
??? “Ia ????? ????eyo”, a ??a a ?eyo ????y ???????? ??????i? e ??????o
?????” [25, n.16].
C??u y? ???e ???? ????? ????e, ?? ?????? ???? e ?o?? ????. A ?y? n y?i
????o ?????? ???, ???i ? ?y??? a????o ????? ????, ???????e ???a, ?e y?
???ny ? ?????e, ???????, ???? ???ey, ????? e ??ath??y.
I?????? ???u ???a i ???????o (??????o) ????? ??????? ?????yo ?? ?????? a
??? Oe??a ??????? ????? a ????a A. A??, e ? ??? ???? ? ?? ????i ???????
??i???. I??y ??th??ny a ?i, ?i ??, e ???o, ???????a ????ey ???atho “???”
e ?????ay ???eyth?y ????? ???, ? ??ue ?e ??o ???e ????? ??a, a a????? ?
? ?y????ue ???? ? ??. C??i e ath???a ???? ??i ny????. E, ???oe, ??ay
??ue, ???th ??i ?????, ???? ?????y, A.A. O???i: “I???i ?????? ??? ?
????o??? ??????e”. Ii ? y? a?????a ????i ??ue ???? ????? ??????e
???????o ?????, ???? ????, i ?i, ?i ?e ??? ????ny ? ??????i ???, ? ?e
???e, ?i ?e ??o ???????y ????th, a ? ? ??? 40-45% ? ???ae?? i?????
?????y ath???? ??? [12].
A??u ???? ?????, ?i ???ay ?? ???ey ?????i ????ey ???o a ?i, ??u ????ue
???o, e ???o, ???????o ????? a ???y??e ??????ueth e ?????, ? ? yoi ???
??? ???atho ?ith ???????ue ? ????? ?y????e ?????i ????ey, ? ?? ????y
?????ay ???????ue ?????a.
C?????o, ?????i ????? “?iy??i ??i ??????”, ?????? ?????a a ????? ????ey
?????e ?????y, ??e, ???? e ????? ???, ?i a???i ????o e ??oth?i ?????i.
O?, ?-???, ??? ??????y a ?????e??a ????o ??o ?y ?????e ???ue?e ??u e ???
?y? ?oe???o ???? ?y ???i, ?eth?y ???? ? ???a ? ???th ???, ????a ??? ?y
????a e ???a e o. ae. A? y? ??? e ???? ? ?n????yth?y ? ????? ????ey.
Ai-???, ??e ??e ???????? ????? ?a?, ???? ????? ath???o, ? ?? ????? ?y
?????, ????? ??a e ??? ? ????. A-???o, ?????y ????ey ???????? ??a ???i ?
ath???a ?????a. E????ey ???e ?????o y? ??i ?? ?i, ?i ??ny (??????y) ?e
???y a ???????o ?e ??????o ????eyo, ? ?ith? ? a ????? ????eyo. A-?????,
?y?a ???a ? ?????eth, ???e ????? ???i ?y ???????o e ??????o ???????o
?????. A ??????a ? ????? ????eyo ?y? ???? e ?? ? ??e ??e ?????? –
?????i. I?????y ? ?????y ????? ???o ?i ????th ???i e ??o ???? ??? ????
??e ? ??e n ???e e ???? ????. E, ???oe, ??????? ?? ??o?? a ????? ??a.
N???i ?????e?, ??? ????e ??o ???: ????? ???????a ????? a ????? ????? ?e
???? ?i a ???i ???a; ??a ????i ???????? ?e ???i???i ????ey ???e e ?c?y?
??i ???i, a ??a ????ue ????ue [41].
I??i, ????y ? ?a ?????? ? ???u ????, n 8 y??y 2007 a. ??? ???? a ??
(????a ??i?ey a ??? ???????a ?? – n 1 y??y 2007 a.). Ia ???? ?c ???ey,
??a ??? ???? ??, ?e A????? ??? ?O, Ath???e ??? ?O, I???? ??? ?O, C?? ?
10 ethey 1992 a. ? 3266-1 “Ia ?????e”, C?? ? 12 y??y 1996 a. ? 7-OC “I
??????? ?????yo”, C?? ? 22 ???a 1996 a. ? 125-OC “I ??? e ???????
???????? ?????e”.
I?a ? ?????? ??y?? C??a ? 174-OC ??th??ny a ???e a ?i ??? ??????? ???, a
?????? n ????e I?????? ?????e O???? ??e???y ?????ue ??????? ????i? ????
??, ?????ath?a ????a i??? (??y?e, ??u e ????u), ??????oth?a ???? e
???????? ???????o (?????o e ????a ?????e O????) e ??????o ??ii?? ?????.
A ??iy?a ??y ???i??a ?????? e ??????i ?????y ???? ???ey ????? ????? a
???? ????y a ??? ????ey.
O?, I??????i ?????e O??a?e ??y? ??ue ?????o ?? (a ???????i ??y?a):
– ??????a ? 28 ?y 2007 a. ? 325 “Ia ?????e ??u ?????y i ???? ?????i
????ey ??i ????y ?? ????th?? ???????? ?e ??????? ????ey”;
– ??????a ? 31 ?y 2007 a. ? 337 “I ??yae? ?????y ??a ??i ???i ????i
????a ?????i ????ey”;
– ??????a ? 10 ?oy?y 2007 a. ? 662 “Ia ?????e I???ey ? ??????e ??????
???? ??????? ??? ???e e ????? ????ey ?????? ?????i ????ey”;
– ??????a ? 18 ?oy?y 2007 a. ? 684 “Ia ?????e I??e ??????y ??o? i
?y????e ?????i ????ey e ? ??????e ??????i ? ?i ????a”;
– ??????a ? 24???y 2007 a. ? 924 “Ia ?????? I??e ????? ?????e i ????
?????o ????? ????? ??i ????y ?? ????th?o ?????o ???????o ?????”;
– ??????a ? 18 ??a 2008 a. ? 182 “Ia ???yo e ??y?a ?????ey ???y ????ey a
????e ?o???? ????ey, ????? ? ?? ????a, ??aey??ny a ?????e ??????e, e
??y?a ?????i ?????y ????ey ???y”.
A ????? ???? ??y ???ay ?????y, ???y ??????:
1. I????ue ????n?a ???????? ?????y n ?????y? ?????? ?????e.
2. N???? ????e ??? ????? ?e ?ae?? ?e ?????????e e ?? ???y?e ??? ?y????e.
3. O????ue ?y?th ?????ue ??o ????? ????ey? ?u?? ath???o ????a e ?????
y???i, ????? ? ? ?y????e.
4. E???????ue ????ey e ?????e ????? ? ??? y?????? ???? e ????eth ?e e,
?i ??i, ???i?? ???i ????e ?????, ???a ? ? ?????i ????????i ???ey.
5. Ae??????ue ????ey ? ?????? ????? ???yth?e ????? ? ?? ???ey ???????i
??? ??o ??????i ????a e ?????i.
6. ?a????ue ? ?? ??a ???u e ???c?? ?u????? ????ey ???????i ?????i, ??a
?? y?o ???a ? ???ny e ??????? ????eyi, ? ???a a ????eth ??y?y ???????
???e, ?y????o ? ??? ?y ???a?y, ? e (???a n ???a ??y?y c??a “Ia ?????e) –
?y ?i ?????? [24, n. 61].
E?? ? ?th??a ??u ?????? ?????i ????ey ???ue ????ue a ???? ??o?
A ?????? n i. 1 ?. 2 C??a ? 174-OC ????? ????? y?y?ny ??????? ??????,
???y ????y ?????e O????e, ????i ?O ?e ??????i ?????? a ?eyo ?o????ey
????? ???a ???????e ??? e ???? ??????ey a ??? i??, ?????y, ???????y,
????, ??a??e ???, ?iy??e ia???y, ????? ???? e ???. O????e y? ??u ????tho
?? ?e ????? ?oe???e ??.
A????a ????ey ??o ?? ???u ?? ??i ????y ?? ????th?? ???????? (???????)
??ae??y, ?? n ???ey ??i??? ?????y. I??????y, ?i ???ay ??a ????? ?????,
???? ? ????o yo??, ?y??y ?????i ????y ??, ?i ???? ????ue o ?????i ????ey
?a ??????? ????u (????, ??a???? ? ???e??e e o.i.), ?ath??y o ????th??
????ey (i. 12 no. 5 C??a ? 174-OC). E????i ?? ???o ??? ?????e, ???
???????o (i??????) ?????, ????? ????ey ???ue ??cy.
A i. 2 ?. 20 C??a ? 174-OC ??????i, ?i ????a ?? ????th?o a??????? e
??????o ????? ???????y ? ?????y. N??????, ?y i?????ey ?y????e a ??a
???????y ????? ????ey ??? ?????y ???. A?iy?i, ???ay ??a ?? ???a ?y
??????ey ??????? ??? ????ey ??a ????? ??a, ???a?? ????th, e ??? ? ????.
A?n? n ?i ?a ??? ?????e ?y?? ???? a ????? ?????, a ??? ??i ????y ??
????ey ?a? ???????y, ????a ????ue a??????a ????? ???a ???. E?e ? ???o
???ey ?????i ????ey i?????o ??????? ?? ??????? ae????a, ? ?? ??a ?????
???n.
A ????a ??y ??i ??i ???ue, ?i n ??y?? ??? ???a ? ????? ????eyo ?????i
????th?o ath???o ????? ????? ??ue ?????e – ?c ??a ????? e y?? e ????a
?????? ??a. I??i ??? ???ey ? ?atho ?ae ??e ????e. E? ?????i i. 4 ?. 5
C??a ? 174-OC, ???a i ???? ?????i ????ey ??i ????y ??, ????th?? ????????
?e ??????? ????ey ?e?i ?????y I??????i ?O, ??? ?i?????i ???i ???????e
?an? ???? ?O ?? ???e ???????e, ? ?? ? ????? ??? ????ey ?? n ?i ???ey.
A?? ??, y? ???a ??o ?????y ?? a ?i ???, ?? ?i ? ???? ? ??e ????y
???????o ?? ???i, ?eth?y ??a ? ?e??? ?????i ?????y, ? ???a a ????? ??e.
E?? ??, ?????a i ???? ??i??? ????ey ??? ????ue ?????a ?i ???ey n ???
????o ????i-y?????? ?????e, ?????e ?y ???iey e ???? ???y?? ??o, i?????
??a. A ???? ???yo ?? i ??? ???????? ???? ????th?o ????? a ????? ????ey
?c ??a ?????? ????y e ??iy?y ????th?o ????? ?? ? ??o.
C???, ?i ???, ??o???? ? ??iy?a ?e a ????o?th?o ???, ?e ???i, ??????? a
?????e a ?o ??y?a e ????? ??? ??????ey?? ??c y? ??? ath???o ????, a n
????i ? ???? ath?????ey, ???????? ? ????o, – e a ????? ???????o ???o
?????e ?y????e. O?? ???i, ??????o ???e ? ???? ????th?o ???????o
(??????o) ????? a ???i?a ????ey ??y?? ??i ? ??o. I???a, ??o ???ue, ?i
?aae???y?? ????????i ?????e ? ??a?th ?????i ????ey ??? ??????ny n ???e
??????th [28, n. 25].
N????tho ? ??a ??? e ??a ????o ??????th ?????e ????ey? ?????????e
?y????e? Oe????a?i ?????ue ?a ???a: ?-???, ???ae?? ?????? ?????????
?????i ????ey a ??????e ?????????e aeay????e, ?-???, ???? (?????) ??????
?y ??????y ??e ?y????e, ?eth/ay ?????a ????? ??? ?????e ?????? n ?????e
??ae??y?.
C???????i ?????y? ?????o ????eth ???o ??????y i????o ???a. N???i i. 8 ?.
2 C??a ? 174-OC ????a ??? ???atho a ???y?i? ?????i ????ey e ??o ???????y
? ?y ????ey ?????o ??e. Ae??a ??u ??e n ??????ai ??????y ????th??
ath???? ???a?y? ???a ? ?????????e e ?? ???y?e ??ae ?y????e. I??i a ioe??
? ???? n ath???? ????ey? ?????e ????a ?????i ????ey ? ??o ??a ? ????a
???a ? ?y????e ?????i ????ey e ??????y ??????i ? ????? ?????i ????a (i.
9 ?. 2 C??a ? 174-OC). Y? ????, ?i ????? ????? ?????? ???? a ??????
????? ???a. Ia ?? ??iyo ath?a?? ???u ??????i e ???i ? i????????? e ??
???y?e ??ae ?y????e ??? ????th?y ??? ????u o?? ?????y e ?????ey, ???a
?oy e ? ???tho ?? ath???o ????? ? ???iy???a ???y??a ????, ??? ????? ???,
?????o? e ?????tho ????? ?????? n ???? ???????e ??? (???? ??o????y).
N???i i. 2 ?. 4 C??a ? 174-OC ????? ????ey ??? ???o?y? ?y????ue a ??????
n ???y? ????ey ????i ?? ? ????th i??. E?? ??, ????? ????ey ??o ?a ???e
????ey ???y? ???, ??ny??y e ?i ???? ?y????e, e ????ue ??? ? ??o ? ?????
?e ???? ????? ??a ???yo – ? ?? a ??y?a, ??????i ???e??e ???? (i. 6 ?. 4
C??a ? 174-OC). An? ???e ??y?e ?????o, ?y????ue, ??ny?thny e ????, ?a
???y ????ey ????? ????? ????ey? ? ??o.
Ca ????? ?????i ????? ??i ???y? e ?oth ?y??i??, ? ?? ????o, ????o y?
?o?o ????eth ??e, ?? ???o ????? ???i, e ?? ?e ???e, ?i ??a ?? ?y????e
???u a ??? ?????i ????ey.
I??i y??, a C??a ? 174-OC ??? ?yae ??, ???yth?o ?????o ????eth ????ey?
?ith ?y????ue e ???y? ????? a ??a ????y?? ???yo. O?, ? ?????e ????ey?
????? ???a ??a ? ???y??th ?????: ???? ?????? ????y ?? ?y ???y??y ????? e
??i ??? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???y??ny n?i?iy???. A??a n
?i ????? ????? ????? ????? ??o i?????a ????? ?????y. O?, ?? a ???? ???a
????y ??????? o????o ???? ????? ????? ???o ??o a ??? ?????i, ?? ??i
oe??? ????i ????a, ???? ? ????? ???i ????a ?????i ??ey?ny ? ??o.
??????ay ??a ????? ? ????? ??? ????????i a ??iy?a ??y ?????i y??ey, e?
????? ????a, ????? a ??aeo, ? ?? ath??a [10, n. 22].
A????a ????? ??? ????? ???a ???? ????. A n??a ?? ?? ??? ????o 10% ?????
????e ???a ?????i ????ey, a, ??????i, ??? ????y ???e, ?y ? ??????y
?????y ????a ??th????? ??? ?????i ????ey [16, n. 35].
A???? ???, ??o ? ??? ?? ?????e ?????? n ?????e ??ae??y?? N???i i. 5 ?. 2
C??a ? 174-OC ?????e ????a ?????i ????ey ? ??o ???????e ? ?y?????i ???
????ey. A i. 2 ?. 120 AE ?O e a i. 4 ?. 2 C??a ? 174-OC ??????i, ?i
????? ????? ???? ? ??i ?y?????i ?? ?????? ? ?i ?????, ? ??th??? ?????i e
?iai ???i ????i. I??i ???oth ??ue ????a, ??????i ? ????? ?????i, ????,
??o ???ey? ?e ?c ????? e ??i ??? ???? ????i, a ?? ????i, ???i ?????
????? ??? ???? ? ??i ?y?oa???i, ???ny ??????i ??. I? y?i a ?????? n i.
10 ?. 5 C??a ? 174-OC ??? ??????e ???ey??i ????a ?y ???y ???????e ?
?y?????i ????ey?ny ?? i?????? e ?y?????i ???????? (i?e?????) ????ey,
????i aei ????y ?i ??, ?c ??a ??????o ?y????a ?????i ????ey a ?ae??.
Aeey ????y: ???a ?e ath???a ????? ???? ? ??i ?y?????i ??aey??ny a ?i
???y??e ????e ?aaen??e, a ?e ? ???????e ?????oth ???????ue ? ?y?????i
??? ????ey ??o ?????e ?i ????a [33, n. 176].
O???? ??u ??atho n ?????? ??e, ?y??? n ??????? ????? ?????i ????????eie
?y????e, ?????ay ? ??th???? ? ????? ?????, a ???, ? ? ?????a, ????? e
?????? ??a.
O?? ???i, ?oy ????? ????? ??o ??? ?? ?y ?n????ey ????? ???a ? ??????
????eth, ?????e ?y ? ????y ????? a ?? ?????y ?????e ?y????e, ???a ?i ??o
????ey? ? ???e ???, a ??a ?????y ???a ????a, ???i ????? ????ea ???? ?
??i ?y?????i ?e ????? ?????? ???????e ?n????.
Ec ath??a ??o ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????i ???y ????ey n ??? ???? ?
????? ?????i e ??i ???i ae???? ????a ?????i ????ey, ? ??? ???a, ? ???i
???? ???????y y?y?ny ??a ????i, a ??a ? ????? ?????a ???ey ????i? ????ey
a ??? ?????? ????. Ae??a ??????? ??o ????ey?ny a ?? ???? ?e ????e,
????y?? ? ??a ????? ????? a ???. I????a ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????ue ?c
???ey ? ? ???i ??????? ? ???u ??i? ?????? [22, n. 20].
A ??th????o ????yo e C??o ? 174-OC ?? ???? i ?i, ?i ??i ?????i ?????y
????ey ???y, ??????? ?????i ?y ???????? ?e ??????? ????ey ath???? ?e
?????i, ? ??o ???? ? ?? ?????. Ae??y ??a ???o ?????? ???? ????????
??iaea e ?????eth ???? ?????i ?????y ????ey ???y ????ey ?y ???????o e
??????o ????? ??o ??a e, ??????i, ??????i ?????y ???a ??????ey ?y ??i???
????ey. A ? ? ??y ???ao? ??y??? ??, ?i ????? ? ?????? ???a ?y ?????i
????ey, ???a a ????? ???y ??a ? ath???a ??????? a ?i ?e ?? ????? ??.
1.2 A??i?? ????? ?e ?ae ?????
Aei ???y O?????i ??? ? 3 ?y?y 2006 a. ? 175-OC “I ???? ????e a ???????a
?? ?????e O???? a ?y? n ??y?? O?????i ??? “Ia ????? ????eyo”, a ??a a
?eyo ????y ???????? ???????o e ??????o ?????” a ???????? ??????? ??
?iy?a – “o????a” n ????i ? ????a ?? ?????, ???th??y ?? ? ??a a ?????e ?
??, ??i ??????i ?i ?? n???. Ae????? ???? ??oth?o ??????? ??????? ?a????
a ??a ?????:
1) ???????o ?????, ????o ?????e O????e ? ?? ???a ?????oth?? ath??a;
2) ??????o ?????, ????o ??????? ?????y? e ??????o ? ?ao ???a ????
ath??a;
3) /??? ?????, ????o e ??????o ? ?? ????a e ???a ???i e (?e) th????? ?oe
– ????i?? (?. 13.1 C??a i ??????? ?????yo).
???? ?iy?a ????ey ???????y ?????, ??? ?y ?? ??a ????ee. E??a ?????
?e???y ???e th?????i ??. I?????th ????ey y?y?ny ?, ?i ?i ??? ????y ???i
?????i, ??th??y ? ?i ????e. O????ue ???ey? ?? ?y????e ????ey, ???a
?????otho ?i ??e o??????a ?e ?????n?e ?????e e ??????th?y a ???? ????? a
??? ???ey ??? – ?????y ??ath?y ?y ??????y ???????, ????i-????? ?e ??
???e ???????i ????a (i. 1 ?. 120 AE ?O).
A ????? ??y?y ??? ??? a AE ?O ?y?yth?y ?e ?? ?????: ???????a e ??????a
ath???a ?????, ???????a e ??????a ??i??a ????? e ???a ?????. I? ???th?y
? ???????, ???????yi n ?????i e ????i ???i ? ???y??th ??aey??y a ? ???e
????? e ?????.
A ??a ????o ??/, ???a ???? ??? ?????i ???ey ????? ??? ??, a ??? ?????, –
???? ???e ?y ?o ?????, e??? ???? ?????? ???iy???, ?i ???? ????ue ?????a
? ?????i ??y ? ????ey e ???? ???? ??a [32, n. 75].
A????a ????ey ? ???y?? ?? ???? ???e ???? ??e ????th?a ???????a ath???a
????ey, ?????ue ???o ????ey?ny y?i ?????. I??????a ?????i ??i? ???????
??? ??a ???iy??? ?????ue ath???a ????ey ???i e ???????o ????eth ?????e
????o. I? y?i ?a? ????ey ???oth ?????ue ???? ??? ??a ? a ????o ??????y
???e e ???y ??/ ?????a, a n ??e ?? ??th ????y ???????i ath???? ??i????y.
Ii ??? I?????a ????a a ??? 2003-2008 ??a e????i ath???o ????? ? ?????i
??? ?????ue ??a ?i a ???a ??, ????a 37 ?n. A????? ?a ? ??i ?????e ???i
??????? ?? “???” ?????, ?i ?a?i ????i ?????ue ????? ?????ue? ?n??y??ny
????? ? ?????? ????? e ?????oth?? ?????e ????.
Ii ??? I?????a y??????i ?c??y e ??iy?? ???o ???????? ??o ????? ?????o
???????o ??ae??e ?????, ? ?????ue ???ey? 36,4 ?n. A????? ????i ?????ue
?????? ??? ???????o e ????? ???? ?y ???ey ? ?y????ueth ????? e ?
??????ey ? ??a. I? y?i ??? ? ?????e ??? a ???e ??? ????o ? ??a 6,5 ?n.
?ae???? ???????o ?????, ???? n ???e ????ey ???????o ???e.
A ? ? ??y, ???a??a ????? ?????e ???????o ?????e ??i ? ?????? ?? ????? a
????i ???i ????ey?ny ?e????i ?a ?oy ? ???, ?i ?y y?? ??? ????? ????
????oth e ??? ???????th ??? ? ?????eth e ?????eth ? ??e ????????e ????e
???? ???????o e ???e??? ?????. A y?e ?y?, ?n??y ? ?a ????? ?????i
o????y, ????? “????ue” ??ue ????th?o ath???o ?????e e ????i ???ue ????
?????a, ?y??? n ? ????????i, ??i ??? ??????? [34, n. 16].
O????y? ?e ath???o, ?e e ????? ????? y?yth?y ??? ???, ????ey? ???o ?????
– ????? e th????? ??. Ii ??i ???????yi n ????ey? ath???a e ???a ??ae??y
????u, a ??? ????? o ?o ???? ???a ?y ????ey ??y?o ? ?ay ?y????a ?????oth
???????ue ? ?o ??o ?????. A????a ????? ??o ?o ? ?????e, ?i e ath???a, ?
????? ? ??o ?????? ???????e ? ? ?y?o???? e, ?? o ?o ?????? ??ae?o ???a,
? ?e ??o ?i??? ???? ? ??i ?y?????i ?athu?ny a ? ???y??e ??????ueth, ? ??
?????.
A ????e ????a ?o???? ????ey ????ey?ny ?????i i???ue ??oth?a ???u: ?e,
???i ????i ???ey?yi, ????? ????ey ??o ?????y e ???????ue ??th???? a
???????e ?e ??????e ??a ??????e. I?????? ??th??y th????? ?oe e ???i ?
??a ????o ??ae??? ?????i ????ey ????ey?ny ??????, ???? a ??a ??, ?i
?????a ???????? ????o ?????ue ??????y ????????o ?????. C??? ??a, ?i
????????? ?????i ????ey ??o ?? ?????? ??i ?i ??????ey a th????? ?? ??
???????-???? ??u ?? ? ??? ???????ue ?i ?????a a ???? th?????? ??.
I?????e ?????ueth ?????i ????ey ???o ???ue ? ????ioth ????????ue ?
????eth ??????ii o?????? ???e ?????a a ???yo “???a ????? ??a”, a ???
??e, ?????y, ???????y – ??????a ??o ???e ???i a ???? ?? ???ey ?????
?????. A???, ? ???y?? ?? ???????a ???e a ?y? “?????” ???? ??????? ??ue
???i, ?i ???o ????eth n ?e ?e ?? ?oy?? ??o ?????y? ?????e eth?a ?????
[36, n. 5].
A???? C??? ? 174-OC ???a ?? ???????o e ??????o ????? ? athae??? e ?????
?????? ??????ue ?????ey n ????e ???y?, ???a ?ath?y ??o ??.
1) ????i e ath????, e ?????i ????ey ???ey?ny ? ?i ? ??a ?????? ????ey.
N?????? ????a y?y?ny ??????? ?????y O????, ???o ?O, ??????a ?????a. I?e
y?i ath???a ????? ? ??? ?/??? ?? ?? ???? ???y??ny ??a??i, ?????? ? ?i
??????i ?e ??????i y?i ?????i ? ?? n???, ??e??o ?o ??????i ? ?????? ???
????a. A?e ????i ?? ?????i ? ?? ???a, ????? ? ?????e ???y?e ??ae
?y????e, ?i ????o a ???iy???a ????y??a.
A????a ? ????? ?c ???ey ????ey ? ??? ?n??y??ny ???:
– ????? ?????, ?????? ? ?i ?????i ?e ??????i ????? ?????i ? ?? ???a,
????? ?o ?????i ? ?????? y?? ????a;
– ??i ??? ???? ?????, ??a??i? ? ?i ?????i ?e ??????i ????? ?????i ? ??
???a, ????? ?o ?????i ? ?????? y?? ????a.
I???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???y??ny ???iy???. E ?? ????y:
– eth?a ????i, a ?e ??e e ?????, ???a ?? ?????i ? ?? ???a ? ?????e
?????????e e ?? ???y?e ??ae ?y????e;
– ????i, ?????? ? ?i ?????i ?e ??????a ????? ?????i ? ?? ???a, ????? a?
?????i ? ?????? y?? ????a, ?? y? ????i ? y?y?ny ????? ?e ??i ???.
2) ath???a ????? ??e?i ????o ???? ????, ????? io ?????e ???y?e ??ae
?y????e, e ??????a ? ? ?? ????i. A????a ????? ??? ?????i ????ue ?????
????i, ?????? ? ????? ?????i ?e ??????a ???i?i ?????i ? ?? ???a, ?????
?o ?????i ? ?????? y?? ????a, a ??a ??aey?any o a????? ????ey ??i ???
???? e????.
3) ??????? ath???? ????ey ?????ny ?????i ? ?????oth?? ath??a ? ???a
??????o ????? ? i??th??ny a ?????? n ?????? ? ??? ???a e ????. O????a
???? ??ey?? ?o ? ??a ???? ???? a ?????? n ?????, ?o????? ath???i
????????i, ? ?? ??i ??ey?? ??????, ???ath?o ? ???e ?? ????ey a ??????.
A ????e ? ?o???? ????ey ????? ????ey? ??? ????? ?????a ????ey ????
????????i ???y ????ey n o??i ???? ? ????? ?????i ????a e ??i ???i ????i
????a, ?????? ? ????? ???ai?i. I? y?i ??????? ?????ny a ?? ???? e ????e,
? ?? ???o ???? ?????e.
4) ??i ??????o, ?i ??a ???e ????ey e ?y????a ??ae ?????? ????? ????? ?
?i?o ????eth ??? ???y? ???, ????ue ???, ??ny??y e ?i ???? ?y????e, ?y
???i e th????? e? ? ??o e ? ????? ?e ??a?e ????? ??a ???yo a ??y?a,
o?????? ?????? ????. O?? ???i, ????? ????? ??o ?aai ??ue ??o ? ???,
??ny??y e ??e ???? ?y????e, ?? ??y?e o????i ???i.
5) e ath???a, e ????? ????? ??o ???? ??? ? ?????e ?????????e e ?? ???y?e
??ae ?y????e. Ae??a ??? ?e yo? ????i y?yth?y ??????ueth ?????oth?? ?????
?????y, ?e ?e ????? ??o ??ue ????i ?? a i????? ????? (? ??a ???iy????
???y??y), ? ? a ??????e. A ??? n ????? ?????i ???eo??i ??????y, ?i
?????e ????a ?????i ????ey ? ??o ??a ? ????a ???a ? ??????y ????? ?????i
?y????e e ??e???ey ??????i ? ????? ?????i ????a. N??????, ????? ??a???
??o ?????ue ????th e ???iy??? ?????? y? ??? a ??o ?eyo.
6) ????? ????? a ??????i ??y?a ??? ????ue ??a a ????o ?????yo, a ? ??y
?e ath???a ????ey ??o ??ue ?? e??? ??a a ??????.
7) ath???a ????? ??/?o ? ??i ??? ?? ?ath??ny ??ae?? ?????: ?????e ?????i
e ??????e ?????i ???iy???, ? ? ????? a ??????? ?? (???? ??yn??th A???
A?????i N?a ?O e ????a, ??????? ? ??th???o ?????). A?e ???? ???a ? ???o
??? a ?????? ? ???o, ? e ?????? ???????e ??o ????i ?????e ????a, a
?y????ue ath???ai ????ey ??o ?-???io ??i????ny ? ??a. A????a ? ?????
???? ? ??i ?y?????i ?????ui ? ?i ?????. I? y?i ?????? ??? ???? i ?i, ?i
? ??? ?????i ????ey ????a ? ??o ?? ???? ? ????? ????i e ??i ??? ????
????i, ?e????a ? ?i ?????i ?e ??????a ????? ?????i ? ?? ???a, ????? ?o
?????i ? ?????? yo?i ????a.
8) ?y ath???o ????? ? ??????i ????? ???a i ??e ?y??i??. I? ??? ????
????ue ???oth ????eth, ??? ??y ?y???? ? o????? ?????i ????????i. A????a
? ????? ?y?? ???? ??????oue ??? i ??e ?y????e e ? ??????e ??????i ca ?i
????a a ?????? ?????i ?????i ????ey ????o ???? ?????. E?? ??, ?????
????? ?y?? ????? ????? e ?????ue ?????, e ???i ??ny?y:
– ??a ?????i ????ey, a ?e ??e ????a a ?? ????y;
– ??????i i ???????e ?????e ?????i ????ey;
– ???a ????ey i ???? ?????i ????ey;
– ???a ????ey i ????? ?????ey ?????i ????ey;
– ????y i ????, ?????a???o ?????i ????ey;
– ????u, ????? ???ey i ???a ??th????? ??? ?????i ????ey;
– ?? ????i-?cy????e ?y????e ?????i ????ey;
– ???y ??????y ????? ????i? ????ey;
– ??o??? ??th??a i ????i?? ???e ??????e ????? ?????i ????ey.
9) ????? ????? ??o ????i ???? ????ue ?y????e ??o, a ? ??y ?e ?y ath???o
????? ???ay ?y???? ? ??????a.
10) ?????? ????i? ????ey ? ??? ???iy??? ??th/?ue ?a ??? ? ??e ????ey.
E??ay ??? ?e ??? n ?????????th ?????y n ???????? ????y ??th????? ???.
I?eth????e ??o ?y?i ?????ue ?????a ?????ey i ????? ???e ??? a ???a
iy???? ?????o ?? n ???a ?????y ??? i????ey ?????eth ??th????? ???, a?e
???i ?????i ????ey ? ???i??i ??a ???? ?? [37, n. 30].
Ec a?? ???????, ???i i???? ?????? ?????i ????ey: ?-i??o, “i?????????”
???? ??????e ath???? ????ey a ?????; ?-???, ??????ue ???????? ??? ??????
????i? e ???? ?i?? ????i ??a??, ??????? ????eth; a-???o, ???o?a ??????e
????ey? ath???a ???e???a ?????i ????ey a ??? ??u ???a e ????. I????ath?y
a ?ith ???ue e ????? ?????i ????ey: ?-i??o, ??????ue ?y?e aeay????e
????ey n ??????? ???i ???y? ?????a; ?-???, ??????ue ???ey e ???????ey a
????? i?eth????? ???, ? ?????i ????e ???????e ????ey?; a-???o, ????????
??u ???????e ????ey, ???y ???iy? ?????a ??th???? o??????y.
A ??? ?a ??????? ?????-???? ?? ????? ???y ???, ?e ? ?????i ???, ?e e ?
??? ????a ?????e O????, ??? ??i, ? ???? ???oth?o ath???o ????? a ???
?????.
Ii ????? I?????a y??????i ???ey ???e, ? ??iy?th ? ???? ethey 2008 ??,
????? ? 41 ?????? ?a?a ??????? ??? a ???? ?????o ???????o ?????, ??????
e ????th ?? ? ?????a ????? ?????, ?eth?? 231 ?????a ath???a ?????.
Ec ?o a 2009 ?? – 86; a 2010 ?? – 80; a 2011 ?? – 22 ath???o ????ey.
I??????a?y ????a ?? ath???o ????? a ???: ?????y – 34, ??o?u – 4, y????e
-10, ?????? ??????y e ????? – 91, ??????? e ???i ????? – 66, ??e – 23 e
o.ae. Ii ????? I?????a y?i????? ???ey ???e, ????? ? ????a ?????e O????,
????????y ???i? ?? ? ????? ????ey ??a 1000 ath???o ?????.
Ec ?o a 2009 ?? – 285; a 2010 ?? – 259; a 2011 ?? – 8 ath???o ????ey. I?
y?i a 2007 ?? ?a ???? ??? 78 ath???o o????e. N???a ????? ????? ???o?e
?????e O???? ????????y ??a??? a ??? ?????y, ???????y, ????, n?????
?????ey, ?????u e ???, ?????? ?y????e e ae?.
*? ???ny ?????e A?????i, ? ??i ???? ????? ?????a ???ey ????? ?????. A
?eyo ????? I?? ???ey?e ? ???????? ath???e ?? ????? ?????y ???y ??oa ?
????e ??? ?y ????e? A?????i ?? ???????o ?????, a ???, ????? ?????. I???
????ey? ???a ????? ????? ??e A????e ??????, N??????? e O?i???? ?????a
????, ?i ???? e ?????e ????e e ???? ath??a ?????e A?????i, ????th ????
??a, ?????y?? ??? ????ey? e y?????? ????ey ath???? ????e. A ???????eth
ath???e ?? ???y ???? ?a ??e ?yae ????? ???? ????????i ?????y ?????? e
?????? ????. Ia ??????i ??? ???y ??? ? ???? ??e ??i??o ???????o ????? ?
????oth ??o ???????ey. ???a ? ???? ath???o ???????o ????? O? a ????? ??
??? a 2008 a. ? ?? ??a ????? ????, ???e a ???a A?i? N????, ????e ????ey
?????y A?????? AI a. O? ?A, ???e ???? n ???? i ??? ????? ??c????? ?????
a ???a ????? [47].
N??n ?????i ????ey ????o ??ae ???i ??i ??a ???a ?????e a ??a ???y??y
?????, ?????e ? ???ey ??????? ???o ???????o ??a, ??a ?????y ????? ???a
??? ??a. A ?? ????i?i ??????y ????e ?? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?o: ?????
y?e, ?????y, ?iy?y a ????, ??a ???????, ??? ????, ??????-???????y ???,
??????iay ?y????ue. E?? ??, ???? ?o?e ? ?????ny ???? ?a????e ???, ???ey
?? a ???u e ?????, ??? ????i ?y, ?????y ???a “O??a ??”, “O?? ?y ?????
????e”. I???a ?????, ?i ???? ??? ???ue ca ??????? ???, ?????th?a ????th
? ??e. I??i ????? ???? ????a ???? ???a a ??? ???? ?? ?c “???a” a ???
???????a ???a?y, ?i ????o ???a ? ???i ????i-???????e ????e e ??? ?????
???i??. Ia ???y?? ?? a ???a ???i 31 ??????a ????? ????? ???????a ?????.
A Ae???i ??? – 3, E????? – 4, E???? – 3, E???? – 5, Ieoy???i – 10,
I???????? – 2 e N???? – 4. A ??? O????y ?????y ????e A?????? ????? ??
????? ?????. N y??y 2010 a., ??? ????? ???????o ?????, ?????y ???ae a
??? ????? ????ey ???????i ?????y ??e [47]. O?? ???i, ???y ?? ??? ??u,
???o ???ue ??oth?a ??ae: ?y ????i “????y” ????? ????? ????? ????ue ?yae
?ath??y o ?o ?????a. A ???, ???o ?y??ue iay????a ????? i ???? ??th????ai
???, a ??a ??? ??? i ????e ?????i ????? i ???a e ????e ????a, ? ???a ?
??o ?? ???? ????a.
AEAAA II. NO?OEOO?A OI?AAEAIEss AAOIIIIIUI O*?AAEAeAIEAI
2.1 O????ue ?????i ?????y
N???i ??? 6 C??a ? 174-OC, ???o?ai ?????i ????ey y?y?ny:
1) ?????y O???ey a ????e ??i??? ????ey, ???a ???i ? ?? ????a, ??aey??ny
a ?????e ????i??;
2) ???o ?O a ????e ?????i ????ey, ???a ???i ? ?? ???o?, ??aey??ny a
??????e ????;
3) ??????a ?????a a ????e ?????i ????ey, ???a ???i ? ?? ????a, ??aey??ny
a ??????e ??????e.
A????a ????? ??o ??ue ??? ??? ????ey, ???e ?aa??? ??a, ?????i ????
y?ya?y ??oth?a: 1) ?????? ????ey, ?eth?th?a ??a “????? ?????” e ???? ?
???? ?i ?y????e, a ??a ?????? ?i ????a; 2) ??i ????ey ????ey; 3) ???o e
?? ?y????e ????ey; 4) ?/???th?e ???? ??a ?y????e, ???a ????? ??? ????ey?
a ?????? n ?ey?, ?y ????ey ???o ?i ???i; 5) ???ey i ???? e ?????????
????ey; 6) ????o, ?????th, ??y?e ?????ey, ??e ????? e ??y?e ?y????e ???a
????ey; 7) ?? ???????a ???i ???ey [11, n. 29].
N 1 y??y 2009 ?? Ath???i ???? (?. 69.2) ???i ?????? ath???o ?????? ? ???
???y ????ey. Ca??y ??o ?? ?? ????????, ?? ???????. I?y? n ath????
????ey? ???y ????ey ?????ath?y ????? ????eyi. I???? a ??iy?a ??y ?????a
?????a ?y ?????ey ???y ????? ?? ?y ??ii?? ?????, ????i i ?o.
I???a ???i ?e ????e ???a ath???? ????ey y?y?ny ???n ?????ey ???? ? ????a
????th?? ???????? (???????) ????ey. I???ue ????a n ????i ????e ?????ny
?????oth?i ?????i ???i ??????? ???, ???i ??????? ??? ???? ?????e O????
e? ???i ???? ??????ey. E ??a ??????ny ??y ??????a i ???? ????a a ???
?????? ????a, a ??a ???ey ? ?? ????a, ????? ???? a ?????a ????? ??????
?????i ????ey [16, n. 96].
???? ? ????e ?? ????th?? ????ey ?????y ??? ??????i ???i y?? ????ey (?e
i??? ??? ???) ?e ?i ??????i.
O????ue ?y????e ??i??? ????ey, ????o ??i ????y ?? ath???o ?????, ???o ?
?? ???eyth?o: ??????? ???y ?????o ????eth, ???yth?? ?o, n ??e ???u,
???/??ue ???? ????th a i??????e ??a, a n ??? ???u, n??iy? ?????oth ????
e, ??????i, ??????? ????ey; ???y ?????? ????? ??????ey ??????ey ??a,
?????? ???? [17, n. 12].
A??a????a (??????a) ???a – y? ????, ?????ath?e ????ey e ???o, ????, ???
(????eth), ???yi, ??y?o e ?????i ?????o ???????o (??????o) ??a (????ey
??o) (?. 6 AE ?O).
Oe?ueth ????? e ?????ey ???e y?y?ny ??????? ??a (????? ??o) ?y ????ey
???????o ????????i ?????e O???? ???e ?????a a ???e ??e, ?????y,
???????y, ????, ????? ???, ?iy??e ????y, o????e ?e??u e ???.
N ??????? ???y ????? ??? ??a ?????i ????ey? ??????? ??????ey ??a ????th,
????ay ???y ?i ????eyi, ???a ?????tho ??????? ??a ??a ???? ????. A???a
?????? ??e a ??????a ???y ? ???? ath???o ??a ??o ??????ue ????ey e
????th ???? ??e ?y????e.
Ae???? ???e, ????? ?????a ???o ????? ? ?????e ???, ???y? ?y?? ??i????a
????? n ?????e, ???i ????ie ????ey?, ????oth?? e ????th ???? ?????y??
??a (???y?? ??o) [18, n. 50].
Ath???i ???? (i. 1 ?. 69.2) n ??? ????o ????e e I??????i ? 182 ????ii,
?i ???????a ???a ??? ????ue: ???o ? ?a?? ????o ?y????a; ?????,
????e?th?a ???, ???? e ??i (?????) ?????o ??a (????? ??o); ??y?e ???ey ?
?????i ???????? (??oe??ue??) ???y; ????ey e i????e; ??y?e ???ey ??a
(????? ??o); ????e ????? (th?????) ?oe – ?????? ??a; ????? ?? (???) ?
??? ??a ?e ??y?e ? ?????ey.
E????ey? ???e ?????e ??o au? ???????a ????ey (ath???a e ?????) e ??
??????? ????oe?.
A ?? ?? ?i ?y ath???o ????? ????a ????y ??i? ????ey ?????? ?????e ????n?
? ????????, ????? ???? i????u ????y e ????ey ???e ?????o ????eth.
I??a ??i, ???o ????, ?i ? ??a ????? ????? e????ey? ???????o (??????o)
???e ??o ?? ??? ?, ???a ?????nue a ????? ????y ???a ath???o ?????.
O??ey e ??y?e ???i??y e ?????i ?????y ????ey ???y ????? ?????i ??????
??iy ???????i I??????i ? 182. Ae??i ???????, a ????e, ?????, ?i ???y
?????ath?y a ?i????e n ???? ?y????ueth, ???????e ???i a????? ????ey n
??? ?????e ????ey i ?????e a ?????oth?o ???o, ?????o ? ????e: ???????
???? ????? ?????? ??a; ??iy ?????ai??e ????th?i ???i e ????i ??a; ??????
?????? ?????i ????ey ? ???eth ??a; ???? a ??? n ???ey ????ey ?????i
????a ?e ??i ???i ????i ????a, ??????i ? ?????i ????? o????? ?????i e?
??????? y?i ?????i ? ?? ???a, ????? ?o ?????i ? ?????? ??? ????a, ?????
?????a ????ey ???? ?????i ? ????ey?ny; ?????e ????ey ?????i ???i?i
?????i ???y a ???? ????? ?? [19, n. 17].
I????, ?????? ???y ????ey ?????o ???????? ????eth ? ??aa ?????? ??????ey
???? ????oue ???a ????y ???i ath???o ???ia, ????i? ?y ????ey ??iy?? e
????? ???? ? ???eth ???????o ???????o ??a. I?? ??i ath???o ???a,
?????y?? ???? ??ae?eth, ???ey?ny ???i ????a ????? ??????ey e ?????ueth
??ath??y a i??????? ?????.
O??ey e ??y?e ???i??y ???y ????ey ?y ???????o (??????o) ????? ?????
???eyth?y:
1) I??????i ?O a ????e ????? ?????, ????o ? a?a ????a, ??aey??ny a
???e?? ??????e;
2) ??? ??????? ???i ???????e ??? ???? ?O a ????e ????? ?????, ????o ? ??
????a, ??aey??ny a ??????e ???? ?O;
3) ???e ??????? a ????e ????? ?????, n???? ? ?? ????a, ??aey??ny a
???i??? ??????e.
C??? ????ey ? ?a??a ??a ?? ????? ??o ?????ny ? ?? ? ??? ?? a ??? ?????y
ath??a ? ????e ????? ?ae e ? ?? ? ?? ?o a ??aa o????ey ath??a ? ????e
????? ?ae e ???? ???.
N???i ?????? ???yi e ??y?o ???????y ????? ???y ????ey, ??????a
??????ueth ????ey ????o ?y????a ?????e O????. O?, ????, a ??a ?????y
o??????ny ???a, ???a ?????? ???????a ??i ???i ? ????? e ??????a ??a
?????a, ????a e ???a ???????? ?????a, a ??a ??i ? ??? ???????? ?????a ?
???n?e ??? [21, n. 51].
A ?????? n C??? ? 174-OC ????? ??????o ???y aeey ?????i ????ey a ??????
n ???????e ?i ???i ???? ?y????ueth. N????? ??? e ?????th ????ey ???y
????ey ?????o ??ae??th ???? ? ??????e ???? e ????? ???. A ?????? n
???oth?i ????????i ????????y ????a ???a ? ? ????? ????? ????? ?e ???o, a
? ??????? ????ey ???y ????ey, ? ?? ??????? ? ?y????e ? ??????eth ??a
????th, ?????? ? ??? ????? ???.
O?, ????, ?ae ???????e ???e ????ny ???, ?????y?ay ?????? (??ath??ny) ?
??????e ??? ???a???? ?????i, ?y??ay n ??????i o ?? ???, ??? e ???a (a ?i
??a ???????? ?y????e) a ?? ???ey ???????o ????, ???th?o ????eyi ????????
???????? ????a, e ?????ay ? ?ao ???a ath??? [30, n. 65].
I????? ????ey ???y ????ey ?????o ???????? ????eth ???? ?: ????th
???????o o????e e y?????o ??????th ath???o ???? e ????th y??????
????o??? ?y????e e ????th ???? ???????o ??a a ?????? n n?????e ????ey?
??a ??a e ??????? ?????e; ??????? ath???o ???? ???????i ????eyi ??aey ?
??? ???? ???????o ??a e ?? i????? ??? y?????? i??????? ?y????e ????
????y; i????? ???o ????e ???i ath???o ????, ?????i ?y ??????y ???a????
?y????e e ??????ey ???? ???ey; ?????a ???iyoa???e ???o ????e a ??????e
ath??i? ?????? ??o ??? ath???e ??????e [35, n. 11].
I?y?e ?????ey ???y ?????i ???i ??????? ???, ????eyth?i ?i?? e ????ey
????ey ?????? ?o???? ????ey, ???ey?ny n ??ii ????? I???ey, ??????i
I??????i ? 182. N???i I???eth i ?????? ???y ????ey a ????e ?????? a?????
????ey ?????, ????eyth?e ???e ? ????a ?????ai?e ???? e ?????-????o
??????th a ?????oth?e ??a, ???ey? ?? ??a, ?????, ?????oth?a ???, ???? e
??i (?????) ??a (????ey ?a?), a ??a ??y?e, ???y e ????? ???????o ??a
(??o), ??u??? ?????i ????? ?????i.
N??y 69.2 Ath???? ???a ???????o ???????e ???? ????ey ???????? ???y.
I??????y, ?i ??e ? ???????e ???? ??? i??ue e ???? ath???? ??????ey
???????? ???y, ???????? ?y ????? e ath???o ?????.
I?? ?????i ?????y ???y ????ey ? ??? ????y a ?????ue ? ?? ?????oth??
????????i ?e ??????? ????ey ?e o??ee, ?i ????? ????? ???i ??i ????y ??
????th?? ????o???i ?e ??????? ????ey. E??y ? y?ai ????y ??y?e ?????ey
???y e ?????a ???? ?i ?????i ????iey ? ???? ??a (????? ??o) ?y ?????i
????ey ???otho e ?y ath???o ?????.
N????i ?-???o ?y ???i ? y?o ??a ????? ??th?y ???u ? ?????o ?????th
????ey ????a, ???ey ????? e o. ae.
O????a ?????a ????ey ?????? ????a, ??aey??ny a ?????i ????? ?????o
ath???o ?????, ??? ????ey?ny a ???oth?i ??y?a, ????o ??????y ??????
?????e ??????y ??y?a ?????i ?????y ????ey ??eae??i e ??i ???i ????i
????a ???ny ?? ????? ????? [38, n. 17].
A ????e ?????i o????y a ?????? n C??? ? 174-OC (i. 3 ?. 4) ?????
????ey?: ????? ?????a ????ey ???y n ??? ???ia ? ????? ?????i ????a e ??i
???i ????i ????a, ?e????o ? ????? ?????i ?????i ?e ??????o ????? ?????i
? ?? ???a, ????? ?o ?????i ? ?????? ??? ????a, ???? ia ??? ???a, a ????
?u?? ???????y ? ???i ????ny ?????oth?a ????i, a ?i ??a ????a ???e; ?????
?????a ???ey ?????i ????ey a ??? ????u, ?????? a ??????i ??y?a.
A ???a io ath???o ?????, ???i ath???a ?????ey ? ????? ???y ? ???eth ??a
??aey?y a ???a ?????? ath???e ??u, ?????o ????eth ath???a ?????ey ?
????? ???y ??eyth?y ?????? ???e ???e a oi?a ??oth?o ????: ? ????? ??? ?
???eth ??a (????eth ??o); ? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????i e ??i ???i ????i
????a, ??????i ? ????? ?????i ?e ??????? ? ?? ???a, ????? ?????i, a ??a
???? ? ??? ???a, a ???? ???a ???????y ? ???i ????ny ?????oth?a ????i, a
?i /?? ????a ???e; ? ?????a ???? ???ey ?????i ????ey; n ??th ?????ey
?????i ?an???y ????ey ???y. ???? ???? ???ey?ny ?e ???? ??o ???? ath???o
a?????e, ???????o ?????? ath???? ????eth ? ???e ?ae e ???? ???, e ????
???? ? ????? ?????o ??? ? ??ai? ?????i ????? ?????i ??a e ia ?????
?????oth?? ?????i ????a e ??i ???i ????i ????a [37, n. 40].
N?? ???a ???e e ?y????a ????? ????? ??? ??a ? ??? ????eth ????ue ??ae
(???y? ???), ??ny??y e ???? ?y????e, ????i e ? ????? ?e ???? ??a ???yo
?y ???i e th????? ?oe a ?????? n ??y??, ??????i ????????i.
O????a ?????a ???y ????ey ? ???eth ???????o (??????o) ??a
O????a ?????a ???y ????ey ? ???eth ???????o (?i?????) ??a ??? ????ey?ny
? ?????e ???.
O?, ????, ?????? ???y ????ey ?????i ????? ????eyi ????????i ?????y ? ???
?????? ??????ey ???? ????? ???a ????y ???i ath???o ????, ?????i ?y
????ey ??iy?? e ????? ???? ? ???eth ???????o ???????o ??a. I?? ?u?
ath???o ???a, ?????y?? ?a??o ????th, ???ey?ny ???i ????a ????? ??????ey
e ?????ueth ??ath??y a ???????i ?????.
Ii ?? ??a ?????a?i ?????a ?????i ???????? ?????y ?i?? ??? ? ??? ????
?????y ? ?? ???ey ??iy ???i ??iy?? e ??iy?? ????, ?i a ???yo ????ey ???i
????a ??????ey ?????? ????? ??????i? ????eyi ?????? ???i ??? ? ?? y???e
ath???o ???a. I????? ??? ???y ????ey ? ??? ????a ????? ??????ey ??y?? n
???i ? ???, ??? ?????y ?????ue ?????a, ?e ???e ???e?? ????a ???????
???y? ????oue ??????? ?y????e ?????? ?????i ???????? ????ey a ??e ???ey
???????o ???????o ??a ?????, ????, ???i e ???????i ????????i ?????y. I?
?????e ?????ueth ??ath??y ????ny ??????y ?????ue ???? ?????a (??????y
?????ue ????a, ??ath??y ?? ? ???????i ????? ?????, ????, ???i e ???????i
????????i ?????y), ????? ???o ?o???y?ny a ?????? n ???????i ???? [46].
I?? ?????i ?????y ????ey ???y, ??????? ?????i ???????? ?e ???????
????eth (ath???? ?e ?????o), ? ??o ??n?ue ? ?? ??? ????ey (i. 1 ?. 20
C??a 174-OC). N??????, ?????? ???i ???y???i ???a ?????? ath??a ??y?e
?????y ?????o ??? ? ???ea ??? ??? ?? ? ??o ?????y ?y ?????o ath???o
????? e o????? ????? ?????. A ?y? n y?i ?????-???? ??i ?????ai ???
??????? ??? ??? ???ae??y ??? ??y?e ?????y ?????o ??? ? ???? ??a.
Ath???i ???? (??uey 69) ????????y ????a ath???o ????a?e ? ???? ???????o
(??????o) ??a, a ?i ??a ?????? ? ??? ???????o (??????o) ????? ? ????
???a, ????? ??o, ???? ??a ?y ???????o (??????o) ??. I????e ???n ?e
??i???? e ????? ?????e ???y ????ey ????ey? ??? ?eth??y a ??? ???y
???-????????o ??o.
N???? ??ueth ???y ????ey ??o ?? ????? ???-????a???? ??o, ????o ???? C??o
? 174-OC ????? ??????o ???y ?y ?????i ????ey a ?????? n ???????e ?i ???i
???? ?y????ueth, a ??? ???e ??? e ???-??a?????ay ?y????ue. N???? ???y
????ey ??? ?eth?? ??? ???ey ??a e ????ey ????a ?a e ??????oth ??ue
“????? ??o”, ???y ?????y a ?????? n ???? ??o ??o, ?????? ?????? ????
??????? ???, ????eyth?? ???e ? ????a ???? e ?????-????o ?????ieth a
??????e ??a, a ??????i ?????i ??y?a.
I? y?i ??y?e ?????i ?????y ??? ? ????? ???-e???????? ??o ?e ?????e
????ey?, ?e e ath???? ????ey?, ????, ????????, a ??? ???????ai ???y
????ey ??? ?? ???.
E? ?a ?? ????, ????? ????ey? ????? ?????a a????y ???y n ??? ???? ? ?????
?????i ????a e ??i ???i ????i ????a. C??? ? ????? ????eyo ??????i, ?i ?e
?c??e ?????i ????ey ??i ????y ??, ????th?? ???????? (???????) ????ey ?
?????y ?uy?a ?e ????? ????a e ???? ???a, ??aey??y o ????o???i (?????i?i)
????ey. E????, a ?i ??a ?i??a ????, ?????? ?????o ????eth ?e ?i ????,
??? ?? ????i? ?y ?????y ?????e ????ey? i??????oth ?i ???i ?y????ue e ?n?
????a??? ? ?y?????i, ????i o ???????? (???????) ????ey ? ????y ?i ??
[45].
I?? ?????i ?????y ????ey ?????i ????a e ??i ???i ????i ????a, ?????? ?
????? ?????i ?????i ?e ??????o ? ?? ???a, ????? o?????, ???ey?ny n ???
???? ?????i ????ey ? ??? ???a, a ???? ???a ???????y ? ???i i????y
?????oth?a ????i, a ?i ??a ????a ???e. A n??a ??e a ??? n ???ey ????ey
?????i ????a ?e ??i ???i ????i ????a, ?????? ? ????? ?????i ?????i ?e
??????o ? ? ?? ???a, ????? ?????i, ????ia ?????a ????ey ??ai e???? ?????
? ????ey?.
O????a ?????a ????ey ?????i e ??i ???i ????i ????a ?????i ????ey
????ey?ny ? ???: ????? ??? ? ????? ?????i ????a; ????? ??? ? ????ea ??i
???i ????i ????a; ????? ??? ? ??? ???a.
O????ue, ?????ay ???y ?y ?????i ????ey a ?????? n ?i o???e ?y????ueth,
????ey? e ????? ?????a ???ey ????? ????? a ??? ????, ?????? a ???a???
??y?a. O??????a ???? ? ???? ?????i ????ey ??? ????eyo?y a ??a ???? ?
?????oth?? ath??a [43].
C??? ????ey ???? ??i ???oth?o ????o ?y????a ???e?? O???? ? ???eth
??????i? ???????o ??a e ???oth?o ????o ?y????a ?????e O???? ? ??????eth
????o ?????a ????th.
O?? ???i, ?y????ue ?????i ????ey ??? ?? ????? ?????i ????? ???y ????i?
??a e ???y?? ??o, ?i ????o ??????ue ????ey ?????i ????ey ???y. Y? a ???
?? ??????o ????eth i ??????? ???e ???e ????? ???iy????e ?????i ??aeae?ey
n ?????i ?i ????a??? ??ae ?????i ? ????? ??e ?y????e ? ????eth ???y.
E ?????e ????ey a ???e ????ey ????? ?????i i??y?y, a ????e, ?????a ?i
??? e ????e e ??, ???i??ey e ????ey, a ??a ????a ?? ????ey, ?????
?????ey ?????i ?????y e ?????a ?i ?????, ???o??a e ????a ?????e ?????ey
i ???? e ????? ???? ?????i ????ey, ? ???? e i ???? ?i ???????? (??uey 9
C??a ? 174-OC).
2.2 I??u ?????i ???a?y
A ?????? n ??ueth 1 ??? 8 C??a ? 174-OC ????a, ?????y ???a ?o????
????ey, ??y?e ? ?????ey, ??e ????? e ??y?e ?yo???? ??o ???a ???eyth?y
???i ????i? ????ey a ?????? n y?i ?????? ???i e ??e ?????? ????.
N??????, a ??? ?????i ????ey ? ??? ????e ?e y?? ???, ?e e ???o ?????o
??i? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????ey ????? ?????i, ? ?????y e ??e ?????, ?????
??y?e ? ???ey e ?y????e, ? ?? ????? ??i e ?????i ??i ??????ue a ??? ?a
???e, ?y??? n ????o?eae ??y?a ????ey ????? ???????i ?????i, ?i ????o
n???? ????? y?e ??e ???.
I???e ?????i ????ey y?yth?y ??th????e ??o, ??????, a ??a ?? ???????a
?????? ???? e ???i ?o???? ????ey ??? (??a ???? (?????y) ????ia, ??? ??o,
??????? ??o e ???). I? y?i ???? ? ??a ???? (?????th) ????? a ??a ???a
?????i ????ey ?y??? a ??? ?e?a ? ??iy?th I???th? e ????? ????? ????? y??
??? ????ey a ????? ???????i ????? [44].
Aeey ?????y ??th??y ?????ey aeay????e ?????i ????ey ?eyi, ???i? a ?i
???, ????y ??th????e ??o. I?e?a ??th????? ??? a ?????e ????ey ????ey? –
y??? i?? e ?????? ?i, a ????e, ?i ???? ???? ???y ??o ?????y ? ?????
??????i, a ??????, n ?i, ??u ???? ????? ???a?a ? ia???? ?????e ?eiy??
???y. I?eth????e ??o – y? ??????e ??i. A ?i ??? ???? ?a?a 10 ??o ???ue ?
??a iy? e ? ??a ?????e ???.
A ??? ??th????? ??? ??yo ??????e ????ey, ????a?i? ???a ???????e ??? e
???a ???? ??????ey, ??????e ???????, a ?i ??a ??, ?ath?a ???e e ????ey a
?????oth?e ??a ?y????e. A ??th????e ??o ??o ??a ???ue ??????e ??
????oa??o ???a e ???a ???? ??????ey, ??????e ????? ???i?? ????ey.
C??? ? 174-OC ?????u ??oth?a ??????? ????ey e ????????o e ?????y a ????e
???y ????o ????e ?oe a ??th????i ??? ?????i ????ey: 1)????? ???????
???????o ???a e i??? ???? ??????ey, ?eth?y ????e??e ????ey, a ???a
??th????? n??a ??? ????ue ?? ??ue ? ??? ??a ??? ??th????? n??a; 2)?????
??????? ????? ???i?? ????ey ? ??o ????ue ?? o?? ? ??? ??a ??? ??th?????
???; 3)?????? ?????i ????ey e ?i ?????e ? ??o ?? ???e ??th????? ???.
I?i e oi ? ?? ??o a?ue ??? ??th????? ??? ??????? ??i ?c. E?a, ?ath?a
??y?th ?e ?????oth ????ue, ? ??o ???ue a ?n?a ??th????? ???. A????a
????? ? ??? ?????ue ??? ??th????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?e ??o ?y????e, ?
??th??? ?????e ??????i ??????? ????, ???????i ?y??? n ???? a ???
??th????? ???. *?? ??th????? n??a ??o ?????ny ???? ?????i o/???ey ??? ?
??? ???yo n ???e ?????.
???? i ????? ??? ??th????? ??? ?e ????i ?????e ? ????? ?????y ?????i.
???? i i????e ??????y ????? ?????i o????y ??? ??th????? ??? e? ????i
?????e ?i ????? ??e??ny a ??y?a, ???????i ???i ?o???? ????ey.
I????y ??a ??th????? ??? i?? ?? ????? ????:
1) ? ???a ??a ??th????? ??oa;
2) a ??? ??????e ????ey ??? ??th????? ??? ??o ?y???o? ? ??iy?th ???uey
?e ? ???a ?i ????ey a ??a ????ey ?????i ????ey a ???a ???o ?ny?a;
3) a ??? ?????y ??a ??th????? ??? e ????e ???????e.
I????y ??a ??th????? ???, y?yth??ny ??????? ???????? ??? ?e ??? ????
??????ey e ??iy?? n y?i ???i a ???? ????yo, ??a ??o ?? ????? ???? a ???
?????y ???? ????e.
A???? ??a, ??????ny a ??th????i ??? a ?y? ? ???th ?e ????i ?????? ?????
?i ???, ???th?y ? ????ny ?? ????? i?eth????? ??? ?????i ????ey.
I?????ue ??th????? ??? e????y ? ?? ????? ??th????? ??? ? ??a ?i ??? ???i
?????? ???a. I?????? ????? ?????i ????ey ? ??o ?? ??? ??n???? ??th?????
???. I?????ue ?a???o ??? i?eth????? ???, ???? ?i ????y, ????????? ? ?o e
????? ???a ????a. A ????? ?????ey ?i ???e ???y? ???e ? ???? ?? ??th?????
???, ? ??th??? ??????y ????? ?????i o/???ey.
A ?????e ? ??????o ???e 11 C??a ? 174-OC ????? ??th????? n??a ??o ??
???? ??? ??? a???a, ??ny??y e ?????e ??th????ai ??? ?????i ????ey. I??y
??ia ???? ???????o: ??th????e ??o ??????o e ?? ?????? ????eth ?????i
????ey ? ??oth?i ????:
1) ?????y ????ey ?e ?????ey i ???? ????e a ??a ?????i ????ey; 2) ?????y
????ey ?e ???ae??y i ???? e ????? ???? ?????i ????ey, ? ???? e i ???? ?i
????????; 3) ?????y o????y ?e ?????ey i ??????e ?????i ????ey ?e i ?i
?????; 4) ?????y ????ey ?e ?????ey ? ?uy?e ????a, ??????i ? ????? ?????i
? ??a ?????? ????ey; 5) ?????y ?????ey ? ???e ?????i ????ey a ???
th????? ??o, a ?i ??a i ???? ??ae?o ???a e ??i ????a a ???? ???e ???
th????? ?oe ?e ???? ??? ????a ?? ???i, a ???? ????ey ?e ????a; 6) ?????y
?????ey i ????? ??? ? ???y??th ?o???i, ???i ????? ????? ??? ???y??ny ???
n ???ey ???oaey. ???? ? ??????i ???? ???a? ????? ?????i ????ey.
A??y ??? ???? ???: ??th??e?? ??o ??????o e ?? ??th??a ? ??oth?i ????: 1)
?????y ?????ey i ??? ????o ?????e, a ?o?? ????? ????? ??o ???ue ?????
??a; 2) ??? ??a ????i-?cy????e ?y????e ???i?? ????ey (??y ???a ??a
???ey?ny ????eth). Ii ??????i ???? ???a ????o ?????? ?????i ??ae??y.
E ???e ??? ???? ??ny?y: i?eth????e ??o ??????o e ?????: 1) ? ??????th
?????ey ???u ???a i ?y????e ?????i ????ey e ? ??????e ?i ????a, ? ?????
??a ?i ????i-?cy????e ?y?e???, ???th ??????th ????? ?????i ????ey. E??
????o ????? ???eyth?y ????eth.
E, ???oe, ????y ??? ????: ??th????e ??o ??????o e ????o ???y ? ??oth?i
????: 1) ???ae?ey ?????ey i ????? ???o ???; 2) ?????y ?????ey i ?????
??ie, a ????? ???o ???y ??????i??ue; 3) ???u ????ey ??? ???e ??????e
????? ?????i ????ey e ?????y ?????e ?????e.
A???, ??ny??y e ?i???? ??th????? ??? ?????i ????ey, ? ??o ?? ???? ?
?????? ??? ???a ?????i ????ey.
Ii ????eth ??th????? ??? ?????i ????ey ?e eth?? ? ?i ??ia ??? ??? ?????i
????ey ?y?? ?????? ????eth ? ????, ??ny??y e ?????e ??th????? n??a
?????i ????ey.
O?? ???i, ???? a ????o ????ey ?????i ????ey ??? ?y????? ??? o????y ?e
??th????e ??o n ??????e ????ey?, ??th?i?y a ???? ???? ?????e ????
?y????e e ??????y ????i-?cy????e aeay????e ?????i ????ey, y?y?ny ?yi?
????? ????ey y????n?o ?? e ??? y?? ??? ?? ????ey ? ????th n ath???i
?????i.
E ?????e ?????ey ?????i ????ey, a ?????e ? ?? ?i ?y????e y? ??o ?? ????,
???, ???e ??, ??????? ?????? e ???, ??ny?y ???u ?o????ey ???? ?????a, ?
??th??? ?o ? ?o, ???a ?????? ???? ?e ???i ?????i ????ey ???? e ?????e
????ey ?????i ????ey, ??th????? ??? ?????i ????ey eee ?? ???a ?????i
????ey (??o 1 ??? 13 C??a ? 174-OC).
E? ?? ???? ??a, ?????? ?????i ????ey e ?i ?????e ? ??o ?? ???e ??th?????
???.
??????ue ?c ?????? ????o io ??e ???i?? ????ey, a ?i ??a ????ey? ?i ????
e ????o ???, ????? ???a ?????, ?ai ?i ????i-?cy????e ?y????e, ?i ???th
??????th ?????, ????? ????u ?????i ????ey, ??? ???u e ?ao ???ey, ?y????a
aeey ????ey ??e ?????e ?????i o????y.
Ec ??i ??????? ???o ???ue ??ae, ????y ? ?, ?i ??e ?i ????? ??? ?????
?????i, ?????ue ??????y ????? ?????i n?? ???e ??y?th ???o ? ?? ????ey.
N?????? y?y?ny ?????y O????, ???o ?O ?e ??????a ?????a, ?e ?e ? ?????o
???????o C??? ? 174-OC ????? ??????a ???ey ????o ??? ?. O????ue ?c??? e
???o ?????ey ?????i ????ey, y? ??o ?? ????, ?????e ????, ???, ???e ??,
??????? ??????, ???yth?e e ?. a ?????e ? ??u ?y????e. E? ????, ?????ue
??th????? ??? ? 5 ? 11 ???, ??iy?? ? ??oth?o ???????, a ??? ???????
????ey, ??????? ???a ??????i? ??? ?e ???a ???? ??????ey, ???????, ????i
????? (? ??a 1/3 ??? ???). E?? ???y, e ??ue ????o ????y ?????, a ??a ?i,
?? ?e ????otho.
O????ue ??a ??o ?????th ????ey e ????? ?????y ?y????e ??? ??th????? ???.
O? ?e ??????a ?i?? ???o ? ????ey ?????i ????ey, ? ?? ?????, ? ??eth ???
Oe?????i ??? ???ey “I????? – ?y ??”, y? ???? e ???????o ??o ????e a
????? ??a. I? ??atho, ?i ??? ????e ??o ???, ????? ???????a ????? a ?????
????? ?e ???? ?i a ???i ???a. O??, ??a ????i ???????ai ?e ??????? ????ey
???e e ??y? ??i ???i, a ??a ????ue ????ue.
*???e, a ????e, ???o ?????ue a “A????i ????? – ??a” ???e ???u ???? 17 ??
e ??i ???o ????o, a, ????, ??????a – e ? ??i ??i?, ???ay ?i ??i ???ue ?
n ???a. Oi ? ??a ????y e ?????eth ???o ?????e ?e ??? ????e.
Ii ??eth ?a?a Oe?????i ??? ???ey “I????? – ?y ??”, C?? ? 174-OC ????
???e ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???i e ??? a ??i. A? ???otho ?a ??? ?oe:
?ae??????a ?????? ???????o ????ee, ??ath?a ??a????? ????i a ????? ??a,
?e a 90-o ??o ???? ?? y? ?? ???i a ??????? e ???? ?cy??a; ????????
?c???u, ???a ??th?y ???ue ?e ???e? y? ????i.
A?????? ?? ?c ?e???o ???a ???? a ???, ?a?th?? ???ey ?????oth?o ????, a
??? ????ue ????? ??????? ??n????e e ??? ????i ?????, ?i ???? ??????
?????i ????ey.
AEAAA III. OI?AAEAIEA AAOIIIIIUI IA?ACIAAOAEUeIUI O*?AAEAeAIEAI
3.1 A????a ???????a ?????
A ???yo ???? y???? ?????e?? ?????e, a ????e ???????a ??? ???a ????y,
???atho ??? ???e ????? ???? y?????? ????e e a y?i ???? ?e ???i n
???????o ???e ?????ath?y ??????y? y?????? ??e, ?????????i ?????i,
???????e ?????e, ????a?, ??????? ???i ?????y.
A ???e ???e ?ey???y ??y?a ? ???????th ?????th ??????ony ???????, a
?????? ???e, ?e??e ??? ?????y. N ??e ???u, ?????a ????ey? ??e ???????
??i, a, n ??? ???u, ??o ?????a?ny ?e y?????? ???n, ???o, ??e?i ??????
??i e ???. Y?o ??ae ????y e ? ??? ?? ??i ??????? ?y????e, ? y?yth??y
?????????e, ? ?? ? ?????thu? a ???? ??e ???e ?? ???????a ????? ???e.
I?????y ?????, ?a?????? ????a ??????y ?????????e e ??????????e ?y????e
?????o ?e ??????a, ?e e ?????? ??????a ??????? ?????e, a ? ??a ???????o,
a ???? ?????? ????a e ??oi?a ???? ????e [13, n. 15].
I?????i e ?????e ??c ?????a ? ?????e e ????? ????e ?????y ??????o
??????ue “????? ?a??y” i??????? ?????e a ??a, ?i ??i ?? th????? ????a e
????i? a ?????? ???i ??y?i C??a ? 174-OC. E? ?????ay ???????-???ay ??a
???????o e ??????o ??????? ?????e, ????? ????? ??e??o ????, ??? ??i
?????.
?????i ????a ???u ?????y ???????o ??a a ??a ?????i ????ey. I???, ?i ?? e
??u ??????y ??i, a ?i ??a ???????i, y?????? ?y????e ????? ??????.
A??????? ?c ???, a ????e, ????eyoue ???th ???????th ?y????ue, a ?i ??a a
???? ???????o ???????o ????? (i. 10 ?. 41 C?i? ?O “Ia ?????e”), a ??a
?????y? ?? i??????? ?i ???i ???, e ?i n?? ????? ??????? ????? ????.
I? y?i ???o ??ue a ??, ?i e a ?? ??? y??????i ????a, e a ?????? n
???????? ?????ey? ???ay – ???????y e ????????y – ?y????ue ????ey?ny
???iy???e, ??? ???y?e i?????e ??ae ? ???? ???. Aei ????i ???e ??e ??ae
????y o ???????? a?a, a ?????? n ???? ? ?????e, a ???iy???i ???y??e ?e
??n?a, ????? ? ??th???? ????a. O ?y? ???o ??? o/??o ????e ? ??i ?????i
???? ??a? ath???? ??????ey, ??ey??i ?. A ? ? ??y Ath???e ??? ?O (i. 2 ?.
42) ???????o ?????a ???a, ??/??o ath???i ?????i ? ????????e? e ??
?y???noe, ???y?e ??ae, a ??? ??? a ??ae ?????oth?? ath??a [20, n. 16].
O?? ???i, ??i ?????, ?i a?????ay, a ????e ???????y e i??i-????????y,
????y ???????? ???i ???? ????y ?????a? e ?i ?????oth y?????oth
???iy????ue, ?i ??? ????ny a ?????? ?????oth?? ????i, ??? ??i
?????-????i ??????y, ???yth?? ?? ? ?????? ????eth ???y??ny ?????, ?????e
? a?ath???e ???????e e ????????e ?y????e, a o? ??a ?????ue ?????a ????i.
I?????i ?????i ?e ????? i??y??y a ?i ???e ??a ????ey? y?i a ??????i ???
? ath???a ???????, a ?n??? ? ?????? ?? ? ????? ??? ?????i e ?????i
??????i, ????e, ??a???; ??? ??a ??????? ? ath???o ????? ? ??????o ??ith
? ??????, ???? ??a; ??iy?a ???e? ????e ?a?? ???a.
Ae???th?a ? ????i ???e (? i?y?y 2006 ??) ??u ???????? ? ??c??? ???????e
???? ???????o ??a a ???????-???? ??a ?? ???????o ???????o ?????, ?i ?o?
n ???e ?????? ???????? ?????i ?????? ? ???a a ??????o ????yo. Aei ?o ??
???????a ??, ?e ???????a ???????a ????ey, ???? ??? ???e ???iy?e???th, ?i
a ???? ???a ? ???o?ai?? ????o ???o ????ey, ??????? AE ?O. Ia ??i ??,
???????i ??i ?? ??????a ???/?? ??i ??????ay ?????ue ????ue ???ue ?
??????y ????a, ??????i ? ?? ?????? ? ??a ??a?a?? ????ey, a ????e ? ??e a
??? ????o ????e, ??e?? ????. Y? ?? ??ae ????i ?????eyi ???????o ??a
?????, ?i ?c – y? ???ey?a, a ??? – ?i ????. A ??i ?y? y?????? ?????
??a???? ?????a i ???? ??i ??u ???????? ????? ???????? ???ey?y, ? ?
?????i ???e a ???? ????yo ?e ?cy??oth?? ????. A?????? ?? ??ey, ?i ?c –
y? ???ey?a, ????y?a ????an?e ??? – ???o ??????, a ????i ?i ?????i
??????? – e???i e ?????yi ???o ?????? o??oth ?????????th ????th. A ???
????a ??????y ???, ?i ???y ???a ????ey a ???????o ?c? ? ???y? ??????ue
?????????th ????th, ?c ???e ??????? ?? y?? ????ny ???????. A? ??? ????o
????? ???? ??i????oth ????o ?? e ??? – ????a n ?i ????, ?i ??? ???ue
?e???a ?????ey ????i ??ae?ey ???????? ?? ?e ???? ??i?y?y [14, n. 4].
A?? ?? e C?? ?O “Ia ?????e”, a ??ae ? ?i e O????? C?? “I ??? e ???????
???????? ??????” ????? ???y? ?eeth??, n ??e????i ???????? ????a, eth?a
??ee, a ?i ??a e ???a, ?c ????e?ey ???ey ? ???u ????ey, ??? n ?????i ?
?? ?????? ???o???? ? ?y?????i ???????? ??, a ?i ??a ??e?? a ?????
???iy???e ?????????e ?y????e.
I???a, ??ue e ??? ??????, ??????e ???iy????e ???????i ?????yi a ??
???????o ????? ?? ???i ?????i ?????ey ????? y?????? ????a n??? ?????y,
??? ??i ? ????o???i ???a, a ???yo ?????? ath???? ????????ey, a ?y
????????o ???????o ????? ?i ??i ?? th????e ????? ????? y?????ay ??aa ?
??????y e ???ey.
A????? ??????, ?i, ?? a 90-a ?? ???? ?? e a ??? y?? ???? ????a ??i ??
????ue ?????i ?????? ???ey ? ???u ?????a e ???????? ?o ??i, a ??a ??????
????i ? ??????? ???????? ????a, ? ?a e 2004 ?? a ???o ??? ??? ????ue
???a ????a i ??????e ???? ??y???y ????e n ???????i ??a??i, a ????e n
?????y?, ?????e ? ??a ?????? ????ey. I?? ????? ?o ?????o ?????? ????? ??
????? ??? a ?????-???? ???????? ??th ??o ??????? ?????e – ????? ?????,
?o?ay ? ??? ??????? ????th a ?e?? ???e ??????o ?????y ??eyi ???y
???????o e ?i????? ??????? ?????e, a ?i ??a ???????o ??? ???o ????e, a
?????e ???? y???? [30, n. 67].
TH????? ?????? ???????i ????a ???????e ????oe? ?????i ??????ueth ????
??? ???????e ?y????e, ?????i ???e ??????ny ????ey ???????? ??a ???i ?
?????a.
A ?ith ???ue, ????a ???? ?a?o, a ???i?i-???? ???a, ?-??uo, ???? ?????e
?????e ??????i?e ???????i ?????yi, ?-???, ???? ? ??? a ??????
???????-???? ???, ???? ??? ??????? ?????e, a-???o, ?????a ?iyoey
???iy???e y?????? ?y????ueth, i??ny?e ??ae.
O??????a ?????e ???????? ???????e ?????e ????, ?i ?a ??? ?????ue a
??????i, y?????? ???a ??? a ?e ??a e a o? ???, i???? y? ????? ?y ?????y
e ??????y ???? ?? – ????ey ???????e ?y????e, e n?????? ?.
O? ??i ???ny ?????a ? ?eeth??a ?????-???? ??? ???????o ?????e e ? ???a a
?????????e ?y????e, ? ??, ???e ???e, eth?y ???????y ?????y ia ???, ? ???
???o, ?? ????? ???, ?ny?o, a ?????? n ??a? AE ?O, ?????????e ????,
?????e ??o ??? ??o ?? ??? i???????e, ? ?? ????? ? ???????a ????? ???e.
A?aey a ???oth ???o ????? ????ey, ?????? ?i ??i ????e th????oth ?????ue
???ey ???????o ??a a ??a ? ??? o????? e ??aey??y a a??? ????a ?O ??
???????o ???????o ?????, ? e a ??a ?????i ????ey.
I?????? e ??a ?????y ???e?? ????a ??i ??? a ?????o ???????o ????eyo
????y e ?????e I?????a ?i???? O???? ii ?????th e ??a e O?????i ????a ?
????eth ?????i ?????.
Ai-???, ???ny ?????e ???? i?? ???i ????i ????a – 50 ?n. ?a., ? ?? ????ay
????ue ?i ??? ????ue ????th ????.
A ???? ??th??y ??i ??? ??o ?? ???? ????i, ????ue ???? ???ey? ??a 50 ?n.
?a., ? ?c e???i ??????a ?????i ????? ?????? ??e ???? ?y????e ??o ?????.
A-???o, e ??i ???o ????o ????y ??a, ????? ???? ???o?y?ny a ?????i ??y?a,
??????i ???? e ??e ?????? ????e ??ie ?????e O????. E ??o ??? ?o???
??????? I?????? ??ny?y ???? ???oe? e ????, ??aey??y a ?????e ??????e e
?eth??? a ??? ???????e ??e I???? ??a ???e, ?????? ??u, ????eyth?a ??e
?iy??e ???e e ????, a ??a ????u A???? ??a ?????e O????.
A-????o, a ??? ??i ???i ????a ? ??? ????i, ? ???????a ?y ??????y ????
?y????e ?????i ????ey, a ??a ?, ???a ?????i ? ? ?? ???a ? ????ey?? a
?????? n ???i ?y????e. A aea?? ??? ???????y, ?i ??a ????i ?????i ?????
?????i ???iy???, a ? ?e???i ? ?i ?i ?????i.
O?? ???i, ????a ?????i ????a e ??i ???o ?????ny a ?a y??. A???
?????ath?y ?aeu e????, ?????? ?y ?????? ??u ???ay????e, a ?????? n ??y??
???ey?, a ?a ??i ????? ?????? ?????i ????ey ????i n O????? ????? ?
????eth ?????i e????i ????o ???a ? ????e ?? ?e ??i ????a e ?????oth?? ??
??i ???i ????a, ?????o ? ??? ??????o ????a ? ????? y??. Aeey ?????
?????, n????? ? ??? ????a, ??aey??ny a ??????e ????a ?in???e O????, a
??a a ??????e ??????e, ??y?e ?????y ??a ??i ???i ????i ????a ???????y
?????oth?i ??? ??????? ???i ???????e ??? ???? ?????e O???? ?e, ???????,
i???i ???? ??????ey n ??? ??y?o ??iy?i ??????? ????? e ??i ??i ???i
????a. O? ??i ??i ???ue a??, ?i ???? ?????e O???? e ??????a ?????y ???
??? ? ??? ??????o ???eaa ??????? ????ey e ????th ????a a ???? ??i ???i
[29, n. 57].
O?? ???i, th????e ???y?ny ?a?th?y ??a y?????? ???????e ??ae??? (??????o
?????e) n ?????? e ????? ?e ???????? e ??????? ????ey?.
1. I???i-???? ?????a – ?????y O???ey, ???o ?????e O????, ??????a ?????a
– ????? ???o th????? ?? – ????? ?y ??????y ?????? ?y????e a ???????o
(??????o) ????o, ???ey? e ????? ?o ??, ???, ????o ????, ???ey? ? ?e ??
????i, a ?e ??e ??ey, ????ey, ????a?y.
2. N???? ????? ????? ???iyo??i ????ey? ?????oth ??a?? ?ey? e ?????
?y????ue ? ???yo ????????ey, ????y ? ??? ????eth ?????? ? ?i ????i, a
????e ?????. A????a ????? ??aa ???iy??? ??th?? ??? n eth?i ???? ?????, a
?e ?noe ?????? ? ?i ?i ?????i a ?? ??? ???????e ??? ?e ?a?a ????
??????ey. N ???ey ??ae??y ????? ????? ??? ????ue ??? e n ????? e ??i ???
???? ?????, ???????i ?o ??aee??i – ??????i.
3. A?ue ????? ??ae ? ????ey?ie ???iy??? y?????? ?y????e ????o a ??????ue
?????i ????ey e ???a ????ey ?i ????eth ? ???ath?y.
A ???a ? ????i ??????y ath???o ?????, ???i ? ????????y ???? ????ey ?
???iy???i ???y??? ??? ????ey ?????, ?????e ? y?????? ?y?e???, ???y?e
??ae, C?? ? 174-OC ???????o, ?i “???a ???” (??uey 14) ???ath?y n
???????? ????y ??th????? n??a ?????i ????ey. A ? ? ??y, ????y ? ????ey,
??????a ??a?? ??????? I?????? ?O, ??? ?????? ????ey?ny ???? ????y e????
??i ???. A eth?i ?ca ??? ??i ???ue ????? ???e ???? ??e, ?c ???o ?i
?y????ue ? ????i ??????yi ??o ????ia. O? ? ??i ???????ue e ????? ???
???? ?y ??????i ????a. O?ay ????? ??o a ?? ??? ?y ??????o y??? [29, n.
59].
A????, a ?y? n i?iy?? C??a ? 174-OC, ????y a AE ?O ???ytho ??????ue
????? ?e ?c????? ??a ?????? ????ey, ???a??? ?????y? ????ey ? ???y??th
?????? ? ????i y?? ??a ?????. Y? ??i ?????? ????ey ????i ???ey?y, ??i
?????? o????y ath???? ?e ???? ????ey, ??i ?????? ????ey ?????i ????ey.
O?????y a ??i ??????a ??????i ????y a ???? ?????i? y?????? ?y????e
???????o (??????o) ?????, ???o ???ue ??ae, ?i ??y ????o ??iy???i ????eyi
?????? ??a ??????? i ????i ????? ?aa a ???iy???i ??????e e ???y??e
???????i (??????i) ?????, ?e y?i, ?e ?a??, a ???yo ? ath???? ????????ey,
?????? ? ?????oth?? ????ey?, ???????i ????, ?????y, ????o?u e ???,
?????? ???i?i ?????i ???????e ?? y?e ?ee ????? ?e ????? ??a ?????n?, ?e
e ??????i ???i ??a – ?a? ?????? ????ey, ???a e ?e ????ey? ??e ????oth
?????th, ??eo??th ?? ?y ?????e ??e??e y???? e ?????i ?????? ??a. O? ??i
????i ??? ?? ??u??a ??? ? ??e ???? ???a ?????e ??a ??????e, ??????
??i????i ?? th????? ?????, ? ?aa/ath?o ???? ????i ???? ????e. A ??????
???e ?? ??i ???? i ????e ????? ????a?e ????a ???????o e ??????o ?????,
?e ?e ???? ????i, a ????? e ??i ??? ???? – ? ???ia?eth n ?????i ????
????y ? ??????e ?????a ?e ??????? ?????y e ????o a ???a ?? ?????i ????o
???.
Ia ???y?? ?? ??????i ? ????u a ???o ? ?????e ????a ????? ?????ey e
?????ey n AE ?O. O?, ??? i. 4 ?. 39 C??a ? ?????e ?????y ?????ue ??ae??y
????a, ??????i ? ???????i ?????i ?i ?????i, ??????i e????, a ??y?a e ?
???yo, ???a???? ? ?eue? ????????i ?????e O????, ? e ????????i ????a
?????e O???? e ????e ??? ???a ???? ??????ey.
I???a ????? ????a, ??????i ? ?????i eth?? ?? ? ??a ?????? ????ey,
ae????ny AE ?O ? ??????i ? ????yi – ?????a?a, ????, ?????? ? ? ????eth.
O?? ????? ??o ????????ny ?? ?????? ???? (i. 3 ?. 299 AE ?O), a ? ???? e
??e ?????? ????e ??? ??ae?a ?????e O???? e ?i ??a ? ????e ??? ???a ????
??????ey, ?e ?e ?????a ???????? ????y a ???e ?????e O????.
I???ay ??a ?????? ????th i. 6 ?e ? ??? i ?i, ?i ?uy?a ????a, ??????i ?
???????i ?????i, ?????y ??? ? ????e ??a ???? ??o ??????i e ???????i
?????i ?e ??o ??????i e ?????i. I???? ???i ??? ? ??o ????ny e ????????
????eth, ?e ?e ??i ???i ??a, a ????e ??????i – ??a ?????? ????ey,
???ey?ny ? ????i, a ?????i ???i, ?i e ???ey? ??/? ???i ??a ? ?y???????i.
I?? i. 3 ?. 299 AE ?O ??????o, ?i ??i ?a????i ????ey ????? ?????ny ?
????yi e a ??y?a, ???????i A????? ????, ???e ?????? ???? e ??e ????e
??ie ?y ?????y ??a ??????e, a o?? a ??ayo ?????? ?uy?y ????a o ?????y ?
???th ??????.
A ?????? n ???e AE ?O ???tho ????y C??a ? i????? i ?????????a ???????o
?????, ?e ?e ????? ????y ?? ????-???? ?????? (???????a e? ??????a o????a
– ath???a ?? ????? ?????), ?? ?????i ?e th????? ??i. C???a ?????ue
?i????????, ?????? ? ????e ??e? ???????e ?????e ??o ??e e ? ????th e
????? ?e ???????? ????eth. Iiy? ??y ? ??? o y?????? ????????, ?????? ???
a ??? ??y??ny, ?????e?i ?????? ?????-???? ??u, ??? ?? ?????e ??????o
????e. Aei???a ???????e ???? ??, eo ?????y??? e ?????yi ????? ??????
????e a ?????? ??a, ?? ? ???ue ?????y, ????, ??????y a y?o ?eyo ??????o
th????? ?????e ?? ?th???? y????n?o ??????, ?a y? ???eo e ????eth ???
?????-???? ???, ????eth ????????, ???????e ?i?u ??????y ???? ??????o
???i?. N?????? ??u ?????y ? ?? ???o ????e, a ???yo ???oth?? A?????i
???a, ia ??????? ????a ???u ????i ??????y ??????o ????e.
Ae???th?a ???????? ?? ?????ue ???ey ???????o ??? ???o ????e a ??e ? ??
?? ???????? ????ey – ath???? ?? ?????i, ????th?o, a ?????? n ???i, ????e
???e ?????e ?y ????ey ???iy???e y?????? ?y????e.
A?u, ????ath?a ????e ????e e ???????e ???e ?y ????ey ?y????e, ???y?e
??ae, ????a a ????? ???o ???o ????ey? ???th ???????th ?y????ue ?????i
???? ? ??????? ? ?????i ??a ??a ??????yi, a ??a ???e? ????? ???a ?????ey
???, a ?????? n C??? i ?????n?o ?????yo, ??y? ???a i ??i ??????? a ?????
?????. A y?i ??? ?e ??th?y a ?????? ???e ath???? ??????ey. I??i ??ue
???ay ??a ?????i ????ey a ????e ???e ??????o ?????yi ?o ???????o ??a,
???a ?????i ??? ??e ???????e e ????????e ?y????e ????? ??o? ????tho e
???ath?y a ???? ye???a. A ?? ??ayo, ?e ?? ???yo, a ????e ?????y ????????
?aaa ? ????a ???i ?????y; ??????e ????ey ???????? ??? ? ????? ??????;
??????e ????? ? ?????, ??i ???????, ? ?????i ?????i ?????yi (?a????oyi);
??????e ???i i?a?? ?? ?????th ? ???e ???; i?????? ????ey ?? a ?????
?a??, ??? a ???? ????????, ?????i ???, a ???? ??, ?? ?i ??? ????? ???? e
?????y?? ????? ?????yi, ??othony ?????a ???????a (ath???a) ?????a?a e
?????a a ??????o ?????. I? y?i ???iy???y y?????ay ?yo???? a ??a ???ey
???o ?????e?? ??a, ????ey ???o ?????? i????y?ny ????ii?, ? ???y?e ????
???a. A y?i ??? ??ae????? ?c ????? ?? ??????a a ??a ath???? ????????
????ey.
A??????? ?? ????tho e a ???? ???? ???o, ? y?????? ????a e, ???????, ?i
???? ????????a ????ny ????? ???i ??????i. A ???o n ???????? ???????i
?????i ???? ?????y (O??ey, A???y, E??y, E??ey, ?.) y?????ay ?y????ue
???????o ??a ????aony ?y?i ????o??? ??, ??? ??? ???? [26, n. 43].
A ???o n ???e ????? ??a (A??????y, A???ey, I?ay C???y, ?yae ?? ??iy???
??i) ???ay ??????y ? y?????? ?y????e ???ey?ny th????? n???i ??? ???i
???? ????y.
I??i ? ?? ???o y?????ay e ????ay ??????? ?? ????? ae???i ?????y a ?i
???, ??? aeey ????????i ??y?a ????ey ???? ????y ????oth?y a ?????? n
?????? e ??????? ?????yie ?????? ???a ????ey ??????. A ???o n ???e ?????
??a o???a ??u ?? ?????ath?y n ???? ????ey ??????.
A ??i ????i-y?????ea ????ey ?????i a??? ???? ????y ????th?y, ??? ??i,
???e ??? ????????.
N??? ??ue a ??, ?i ????a ???i ?????y a ?????a ??i ????ey?ny ? ????? ???.
I?? ???y ?? ? ??????i ?????y?? ??a?????a ???.
E? ???i, ?? ???iy??? ??th?tho ??? i ????? ? ?????? ?i?a ???o ??????,
???a ? ?????a n ?????i ????? ???? a n?e ??ae.
O?, E??n ?????y O??? ???eyao ????oth ?o??eth ???????o ??? ???o ????e, a
?????? n e??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?????ytho ???a ???, ??atho ?? ????ey ????
??e ??? ?????? e ?????? ?y????e. Ath???a ??????? ??a?y? ie?i 90% ????e
??u, e ????i ????? ????ey ath???? ?ca ??ny?y – ????? ???o ???; ??a ?
????u ? ???i ?????eyi; ??? ? ????o ??a; ??????a ??? ????a e ?????.
A??????? ?? A?e?????, a ? ???yth?a ?????i, ???tho ????? ???e ?o???e,
????e y??????; ? 40 ? 60 ??a?? ? ath??? ???eytho ??th???a ?????y, a
????e ? ????ey ????? ?????? ? ???i ??, ????ey ??o ? ???i ?????? e ???o
???e; ? ??? ? ???? ?????o ???ny, ? ?????o ???a e ??????e.
O?????u ??? ??? ????? ?e?u, ?????, ???y? ?????, ?????ue ??e, ????ey? ???
a ??u, ????ue, ???? e ???ue a ??? ????i. I?? ??????e ?????e ? eth?a
????i ???????? ?????? ?????o ?o ??? [15, n. 132].
Ia ???y?? ?? ???????a ?? ???eytho ?????i ???????o ?a???? ?????e ? ??
???? ???o. I???y ? ???oth ??? ? y???? e ????ath?a ?????a a ?o ???o ?oe,
???????e ??? ???i ?????y ???? ????? e ???? ?????? ??i a ???a ?????y ??eo
?????. Y? ?????i, ??? ??i, ???e ????ey ??????i?, ???????o ?y????a ?
????eth ?????i ??iy ?????y e ??a ?/??e ? ?????a, ?e e ? ????a ???i
?????y.
A ?????e ???e ???a ?????? ???? ? ??? ???????? ???a ???i ?????y ?????i
??? ???e ????e, ?e ??????? ?????i??i ??a ???i ? ????a ?????i ???i ?????y
? ????? ???; ?????? ??? ?no?????o ??a n ????? ???i ???i ???i?e, ????ny ?
NNN?; ??????ue ???y ??? ???????o ??/.
A ? ? ??y ??????? ????? y???? a ?????e ???ey ??a ??????o ?????th
??????ue ????y ???? ????? e a y?????oth ?y????ue ???????o ??? ???o
????e. I? y?i ??? ??th??ny ??y??ny ???? ????u, a ?e ??e e ????, e ???i
???o ???e ??i ??????e, ?????th.
A y?e ?y? ???? a y?????oth ???? ????? ?????, ? i??o ??eth, ?a ??? ?????o
?????y ?????i, a ???, y??????, ??ae????? e ????????o ??a ?????i ??????ey
???????? ????a a ???a ?eue???a.
????e ???? a ??a ???????ai ???i ?????y ??o ???????y, ? ?o ??yae, a
??oth?o ?????yo. Ai-???, ????? ????? a ???????o ??o ? ??? ???????? ???,
?????? ? ????? i??a ??e ???????o (??????o), a ??a ??n?????? ??a. Ai-???,
????a ? ?n?? ??a ???o ??????e, ????eyth?o ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????,
???y?o ??ae; ??????? ? a ???iy??i? y?????? ???u e th????? ??. A-???o,
??????? ???????o ??a a ???a th????? ?? n ???????i ?????a, ?O, n???? ?O,
?e ??????? ?????y, i??y ???? ??i ????a ??i. Ath??i? ? ?i?????a ????ey?ny
??? ???????e ?y????e a ?????? n ???????? ?????e ???????i ???i. A-????o,
?????a ???o ????? a ???? ?????? ?????a?? ??a n ?????e ?????e ??ae? e
???????? ???????o e ????????o ??a a ???a [39, n. 14].
Ii ??? ??eth, ?? ?????a ?n?a ???a ????y, a ? ? ???u a ????, ? ?ath?a ?
???y?? ae?ue ? ?????i ??????i ?????y, ? ???? ????, ? ?????oth?o ???e
???ey, ???? e ?y?? ??y? ???? ?????i ???i ?????y ? ??????i ??e ???ue.
3.2 N??ia ????ey ????? ???????i ?????i
E? ????, ?????y ????a ???a ????ey ??i ???ey?ny C??? ?O “Ia ?????e” (a
?ae. OC ? 10.07.1992 ? 3266-I), C??? ?O “I ??? e ??????? ?????e” (a ?ae.
OC ? 22.08.1996 ? 125-OC), O??? ????? ? ???????i ????? ???i ????????i
?????y. A ??? ??a ???????y ??????ay ?????y ??, ???y ???o ? ?? ???? n
?????i ?i ???????e e ?????e ? ???u ??? ?????a e ????????i ????ey. A??c
???? ???????ai ????ey ???y? ???i ???? ?yae “?e?? ??e” ???u ????ey ??i,
?th?o ?? ?a ??? e ??????? a ????i ???i.
O?, ????, C?? ?O “Ia ??????” ????e ???o ????ey a ???????o ????eyo, ?e
??e??oth ? ??oe?? ?????ey e ??????ey, ? ??a ???e O????? ??i “I ??? e
??????? ?????e”, ?????i ????e ????th ?????e ????ey a ??o a ???o ???ey
????? ???i ???: n ??iy ??? ??????ey ? ??iy ??????? ???. I??u ??????ey
???tho ??i ????e ??? ?????e, a ? ??y ?e ???????ue ?????ny ?y ????y ????
e ?????? ??????? ???e e ?????iy?ny, ???????, ?eue? ? ??o ????? ?i ?y ???
?????e. N??????a – y? ? ??? ????u e ??u ??????i ??y?y ???e, ? e ???a
????? ?????y ? ?????. N??????a ?????y ??c ???????? ?e ?????a??a o/??a a
?????, a ? ??y ?e ???????ue ??????ny i??????? ??c ???????? ?e y?????
????????i. N??????a ?????y ? ???? ???? ???ay????e ???c??, a ? ??y ?e
???????ue ???aa??a a ???eyo ???? ??????? ??. N??????a ???????y i???i
???e ? ?? y??o ???????i ??a, ???y n ?????ey e ????ay ???y? ???ey, a
???????ue ?yc?a ???????i n y??i ??y?y ??ae???? ???e [27, n. 129].
A??c ???? ??o ?? ????i, ??? ?????? y?y?ny ?, ?i ???oth?y ?????y ?? a ??a
????y ??a e ?? ??? ???a a ???a o????y ??? ?? ???? e ??????? ????u,
??ieyth?a ??????ue ae????i ?????i ???ath??y ???u ????ey.
I?y? n ??y???th ???oth?? ???????? a ?????e ???i ??? ?e ??? ??????ey ?e
?, ?e ???e???i ???, ????? ??e ?yae ???i n ?y???i ????? ????????? ???i
???. I????????ue eth?? ????i ??? ?????y ??c ??th??y ????a ?????
????????i ??? ?ae ???????e ????; ?????; ????????i ????a ???? ???a
??????ey; ???iy????e; ???????e ????????i ??? ??????ey. A??c i???e ????ey
??? ?????, ?i ?i?a ???? ???yth?y ??? ?????i, ???yy ???u ????????? ???
??o? a ?? ???a?e, ??? i???? e ???????i ????a.
N??? e ??? ????? y?y?ny ?? ? ?th??o ???? ?????e ???a?y – ??? ??????y
?????e e ??o????? ??o ???? ????ey. E????ey e ???????ue ????o???i ??ae??y
????? a ??? 32 C??a ?O “Ia ?????e”. I???i, ?i ??? y?o ???? ????? e
y?y?ny ???? ??????y ??o ???i ???????? ????ey e ??????i ???????? ????ey.
I??i ????th?y ???ay ?? ? ???? ??o-?? ??, ???yth?o ????? ?????i ?iy?y
“??a ?????i” e “???????? ?????”, e O??? ????a i ?? a ??? 56 ???? ???a i
??????e ????? ???i ??? e ???a ? ??a? ??? ???i ???? ????y.
O?????a ???a ????ey ??i ?i???o ??c ????o ???a. A ??? 12 C??a “I ??? e
??????? ?????e” ????y: “???? ???????? ?e ??????? ???i ???? ????y a
i?y?a, ?????i? ???i ???i ???? ????y, ????ny ??? ?????? ? ??i ????
(?????e) ? ?? ? iy? ?o e ?????ny a ????e ???i ????ey i?????i, a ???e
???? ????y ?n?a ???a ????a”.
A????ue ??????e ??? ??u a ???e ??o ??? ????. I??i ???????i ???i a ???e
?e ?????? 12 (25) y??y 1755 a. “I??o ? ????? I????? ??????”, a ?????? n
???i ?????o ???y?y N??o, ???y?y ?????, ?????? ????e ???th. E???y ?????a
???ey? ??????e ??i ?e ????o. A ?y? n ????i ??o ??????a a A??a, E??e e
O???a 5 (18) ?y?y 1804 a. ?e ??i ??? ??e ???????e ??a, a ?????? n ???i ?
??a ?????? ?iye N?? ?????a, ???e ???e ???a. 26 ethey (8 ???a) 1835 a. ?e
??? ??e ??a????? ??a, a ?????? n ???i ????? ??????? ???i e ????eyi ???o
???a, ?????o ?????? ????i ?????y. E????? ???? ?????? ??i, a ?????a –
?????i. I?iy?e 18 (30) ethiy 1863 a. ???????e ??a ??ue ?? ????? ??
???????? ae????e e ?????a. 23 ???a (5 n?oy?y) 1884 a. ?e ??? ??a, ???e
??ue ?????? ????th ??????a. A ?/?a ???th?e 1905–1907 ?. ????y ??????a ??
??????a “A????e ????e”, ???a ????? ???? ?? ??a ???eth???i ???????? ?????
1907 a. O??????? ??a 1884 a. ????? ? ???y 1917 a. A??i, ? ???e ????ue
???a ?? a ?y? ??????a ????? ????ny ?a??e ??? ? 30-o ?. C??, a ???a
?ny???e, ???u ??a ?????ue. E?ue C?? ?O “Ia ?????e” ?????e ????? ???? ???
???o ????e [26, n. 87].
A??c ??????e e ????? ???e e ?????e ???? ???????? ????ey ???y? ???? ?yae
???e ???c?? ????ey ??i. O?, ??? ?? ????ny ? ??y?th ?????e e ?o????e ??,
a ???????? ???i – ??? ???i ?? ? ??a ??? N??a, ?? ? ??a ???? ??a ?oe, ?
??????i ????i a N??a. E????y e ??? ??o e ?????? ?ca. I? y?i ???e
????????i ??? e ??????e ??i ????u: ?a?e ??o ????ey? ???th ??????y ????a
??????-????????? ???a, ?i?eth ???????a e ???ey. A?????ey ?? ????o
??????i-???y????i ???i ??e ?????e. I???????e ??i e ??????y ???????
???iy?e?u e ??????otho ??o ??e ?????i ???u ???e e ??????.
???? (????o) ??????, ????? ?? ???? ?????a ??, ???y? a ?? ????ey ???i
?????? e?a ?? e ?????ey ???i ???. Oo??e ??u ??????e ???y? ?? ??, ???a
???? ?ith ????ue ? ?????. A ??? ??? ??? ?e ????o?ue ?? a ????e ??
i?i?????ey?ny ??????e ?e ???????o ??? ??????. N??ay ???a ??? ???
??th??ny a ?i, ?i ??ue ?a? ??i ???a ?????ey ???? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ???
a ??o ??? ?????? ??. Ii a y?e ??? ???? ?????ue ????a ???????, ???e
????y? ????eth ??????i-???y????o ???e, e ???a (?????), ???e ???e ???y? ?
????.
Y? ??? ???y? ???????th ??????? ?????a??o ???a ?? ? ?? ????ey ????? ???a,
???e ????o ?????? a ?? ??o: a) ?e ??? ?????a ?? ???????ai ????ey; a) ?e
?????? ???????i ??? – ??????e ??; a) ?e ?????? ???aa????i ???, a ???
???? ? ??? ? ??i?? a ???? ??u ?????e. O????e?ay ??????y ???????? e
??????? ???a a ??? ??? ???y?ny. ?????a ????? ???a ??i ????? ??o ??ue e
??e??? ?? ?i ??????e, ?e ??ae ????i ?i ?????i, ?e e ??ae ??i ??? ???i.
I???y ??? ????ue a ????? ??????o. I? ?y? ??????o ???? ??ay ??? ? ??? ?y?
??i??e, ???a ?? ? ??ue ???i?e a ??? 90-o ?., ? ??e ae????i ????i
?iy?y?ny a ????a a?u. A ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????o ?ae ??e ??e ???? ????ey e
??????ey ??i, ?i ???o ?????e ???ey?e ????e ????e ??, ??i??a?e ???. I??ue
???? i????a ?y ??a, ?ath?o ??? ????e??? ????, ??oth ???????th ????e?oth
????, a ? ??y ?e ?????i ????? ??????a – y? ??ue ???a ?? n ???? ????.
E?????? ae??e ??? ??? ????y ? ??????th e ????th ???oth ??, ?????ath?th
?a ???? ??????i ???n????ey ???, ??ath?th ????u, ??th?th?a ??????th ???,
???ey ? ?o ?? ???a ??????ey a ??. I??i i?a?? ?? ?????i ?????y ?????e ?
????, ???? ???u ??? ?????u. O???????a ??? ?????y a ??o a ?????? ???e
????ey?ny ? ??? ?????y ???a e ???? [23, n. 4].
I?????? a ??o ?ia???o ????? ? ?????? e ??????eth ??? ??u ?????? ?y?y? i
???? e ??? ???? ??? ?y????e ?? e ?i ?????a ? ?????i ?????i.
A??a n ?i, ?????ey ???????e ???? ??a ????tho, ?i ???a?th?? y?yth?y ?e ?c
? ?????? ?? ???????e ????, a ath??????y.
????e ?i ???????e ????, ???? ??i ?????th?e ????eth ????oe? ? ?????
?????? ??e ? ?????i y?????o ???eth, ??? ????? ??i ?? a ????o ??e
??i??????? e ??????e ?????th ??a????.
I?????? ????????y ??? ??a??y ??? ????? ??? ????ny ?c??? ?????i. A??a n
?i, ????, ?i ??? ????e ???eyth?y ????? ?o ?e ?? ??i, ???oth?o ???o??th?a
y????a ??? e ??????. A 2004 a. ?e ?????i ??? “E???? ???y ?????e O???? a
????? ???????? ?????y?, ????eyth?ie ?y????ue a ??a ?????y”. ??????e
E???? ?? ??? ???a ??? ???????e ???a e ????eth ath e ????? ?yae ?o???a
????ey ?????? ???, ????ii ??iyth?o ?????th ??????? ?y??i??, a ?i ??a e a
??? ?i?. ??????e E???? ??uy?? ???a ????ey ??oth?a ????e ??a, ?e ?i?y
???y??? ????o ????, ?eth?y ? ????oth ??, ????y e ???yi e???a ?????
??????. C??????ue e ???ao??y ???? ??????i? ????u ??a, ???y ??? ????yie
??o ?y????? ??????a ???? e ? ???y? ?????ue ???o ???????o ??a a ?????? n
?????? ????y? e ????ey? ??????. N??i?ao??y, ??i ??ath?yny ? ???oth ?y?
???a ????? ??e e i??e ?????a ?y????e ??a ?c ???? ????? a ?? ??????e.
C????? ????? ?????a ? ???e ???????i ????? ??/ ??, ??????a ?a? ???
???????ey ??, ??????e ???ey ??????? ?y????e ? ???e ??a ??, ???y ? ???ey
?y?e n ????, ???? ?????y?, ????ay ?y???i ????i ??? ? ??a ??a e ???????a
?????a ai??????o ?????e ??u ?????y ? ????? ??????yi e ????i ??? ????????
??????? ???? e ?????? ????????i ?????y a ??i.
Iay????? ????? ???????e ?a?????th, ?????oth??y ?i, ?i a ??i ? ???a
?????y ???ue ?i?a ???? ??? ???ey? ??a 31 %, ?y?e??o ????ey ???? ??? (a
????e?o ??o) – 1,0 %. I?? ? ????? ?????y ????a ???i ?????e ????ey ?c?e,
? i??th ??????a E????, a ?????a ??o ??ue ??????? ???????o ???????o
?????e, a ????? ???? ????o ???a ????eay O???ey, a ?? ???????-???? o??.
A ???? ???? ??, a ???a ?a? ?? ??????u ???????a ????ey ????????i ?????y,
?????ath?y ??oth?a: ???????a ????? ?????a (AAO); ???????y ????ay
????/??y ?????y (?????y) – AAII.
N???? ????ey AAO ?a???y?ny ??oth?i ???i, a ???, ??? ?a? I??????e ??o.
E??????e ??i ?e????ue ?????e e ??????e. E?a i??u ????ey, ???????a ?????i
?e?? e ???i ????ey (??? ??o, o??????e ??o e ?.).
Ae??y ????a ????ey y?y?ny ???i ??????e e ? ????o ????o ??a. I???ny a
???? ?????-???? ??. C???????i i ??????? ?????yo y?y?ny ??i ? ???? ??i
??????o a ??e ???a ????????. A ??iy?a ??y ? ??? ???a ??u ?????y ?????y
????? ??ay ?????y ?????e ????ey ???????? ????ey?. O?? y??? ???u ????ey
??? ??? ?e ??????? n?? ?? ?????y a C??a ?O “Ia ?????e” e a C??a ?O “I
??? e ??????? ???????? ?????e”. N????i ????, ?i ??y ?????y ????ey ???
??? ????y a ???? ?????i ?????i ?????e. C???????i ??? ??????ue ????? e
???? ???i a i????? ????ey ???, a ?i ??a ????? ???a ??e ????e ????e, ??y
??i ?????ue ????? ??e ?ae?e ????e, a ?????e ? ?? ??, ???e ????? ??????o
??iae e ????e, ????, ???????e ????, ???e ??, ?i ?????e e ???iy????
??????th ?th??o ????? [29, n. 54].
I?????? ????a ??e ???u ?????y ??? ?c ???????e y???????? ????e ??a?
??????e ?????e ?????y?, ?eth?y ????? ???i????, ?????i ?????i – ????
y??o???e ????ey ???. I?o ????? ??a e ???u ???i ?????y a ??i ? ?????e
????ey ??? n ??o?i ?ia????? ???a y?y?ny ??? ??????. A y?e ?y? ???i???
y???????? ????, ???oth?a ??? ??? ?????e ????ey ??i ?y ????ey ??a a y?e
??a.
A??a ??y?? ????? ????ey ???u ????ey ??i y?y?ny ath???e??y ????ey, ?y??ay
n ?????i ?u?a ???? ??????e e ????. I??i?????? ??? a y?i ????a ??? ??ue
???ey ? ???eth e ?????a??eth ??????? ????, ?????th?o ????? y?a?u
ath??????, a ??oth ???ue n ??? ? ???a ?i????? ???????o ???? ?????ey ???,
??y?y ?th??o ??????? ???e, ???? ????? ??????? ????, ??????o ?? ??????e,
?????? e ?i??y ?y????e ??. ?yae ????, ?????th?o ????ue e ???a???, ??o ??
????? ? ???-????: ?y????y ????y ????ey ???a AOC?, ?y????e ????e ?????e
??o ??a e o. ae.
A?yae ? ?????i y?y?ny ?????a ?y AAO ?????ue ??? ?????e ??????? ??i
????ey. Eeth??i ????i ???ey ??? ????ey ??? ?e?i ??ue ???i ??????e,
?????e ??? ??????o ???e ???????? ???? ??, ?e ?e a ???yo ??????ey ??i
????? ?????o ?????e n ??????ueth ?iytho ????ey e ????eth ? ??? ?? [31,
n. 12].
A??i ???? ?????e ????ey yaey?ny ??????a ??????? ?????. A ????oeeth
???????i ??? ??yo, ??? ??i, ?????? ?????e i ???? ????e e ????? a ??a
?????i ????ey, i ??????e e ????? ?????i ????ey, i ???? ???? e ????e???a,
? ????? (???e) ??? th???n?o ?oe; ?????? ??a ????i-?cy????e ?y????e e
???a i ?i e????e, ???? ??????? ???a; ????a ?????e ?????ey ?????i ???a?y
i ????? ???o ??? n ???o?i ????ey, a ??a ???, a i???? ???o ???y ????
???n?, ?????ey ?????i ????ey i ?a???e ??? ? ???y??th ????? e ??i ???
ae???i ????? [40, n. 12].
I????? ?????? ?????e ?y????e ?????e; ???? ????e e ????? a ??a ?????e ?e
???ae?? ??? ?????e a ??e ????; ??????y e ????ey ?????e; ????ea e ????a
?????a ????? ??? ??????? ???????i ???, ????i?i ???????i ???; ?????a ??a
?i???-?cy????e ?y????e e ??y?a ??i???y ???a ?????e, ???? ??? e ????
??????? ???a; ??y?a ???? i ???? ???? e ???? ?a??????a ?????e; ?????a
????? ?????, ??????th?o ?y????ue i????? e ? ???a; ?????? e ????a ?????e
???????i ??? i ????? ???o ??? e ???, a ????e ???o ???y ???? ????a.
E ?????e ?????ey ?????i ???a?y (????a, ???a) ??ny?y ?a ???u ???? ?????a
?????i, ? ??th??? ????, ???i?o ???i ?e ???i ?????i ????ey e ?????e
????ey ?e ???????i ???. ??????ue ?????i ????ey ???c?o ????? ???e ????ey
e ???????i ??? ????ey, ?c ?????? ????o ? ?i ??e, a ?i ??a ????ey? ?i
???? e ????o ???, ????? ???a ????? e ??? ????? ????u, ??????th?a ?y??i??
?????i ????ey, ??? ???u e ?? ???ey, ?y??e?? ?y ????ey ??e ?????e ???i??
????ey [46].
I?o ?y????e ?????n?o ???a ? C??a ?????, ?i ?????e ?????i ????y ??o y?e
????? e ???????? ?????i ?nyo ??? ????e ????. Aeey ????? AOC? y? ???? ??o
??e ? ?th??o, ??? ??i ?e ????o ????ey ??a ????ey ??i a ??? ??e ???.
I?????? ???????i ??? ???e?i ?????ue ? ????y. I???i, ?i ????o ????y
???????i ??? ??o ??ue ?????th ??ey??? (1 ?c a 3 ?ny?), ? ??????ue
?????ey ? ????y, ???? ????o ?? a ??i ?????ay y?????ay ???a, ao?o ?????
???.
I?????? ??????? ???a ???/?ue ?ay ????? ?????e, ??u ????ue ?ith ??? ?
???eth e ?????o ?y????e ??. N???? ???????i ?????y ??? ??????? ???a
???atho ? ??? a ?y? n ?i, /? eth?e ?c – y? ??ue ???y e ??????ay ???a, ?
e ???, ?i ??ee ?c a ???e ???y ??o ?????th ???o ?????ey, ????e, ???ey e
???a ??????? ?????.
I?????? ???ue ??????? ??? ???????i ??? ?y ??y?y ????????o ??????? ???e.
Y? ??e?a ??o ?????i ?????? ???? ia ????o y??o ?y????e ??????? ???a. A
?y? ??i ????? ?????y ????a ???ey ?a?a ??/????o ???a.
I?????ay y??? a ??????e ?e???e e ???????e ??o ???yth?? ???? ??. N???? a
y?e ???e ?????i ?????tho ?a ???? ??? ????ey. Ae????i ??? ?y ????
???????ey ??????? ???a y?yth?y ?????y ? ??y?o ?????ey ???a ????ey AAO.
A??i ???i ?????i ????ey y?y?ny ??????? ??o, ????ny ??? ? iy? ?o, a ???a
? ??a ?? e ? ??a ?????e ???. A ??? ???????i ??? ??yo ??????e ?????? ???
??????? ???, ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????e O???? ?e ??? ???? ????a??y, a
???e ???? ????y ????ia ?????, ??????e ?????? ???a ??????? ???, ???a
?i?????e ??? ???? ?????e O???? ?e ???a ???? ??????ey, ? e??? ????i ?????
???????i ?e ??????i ?????, e ??????e ???????, a ?i ??a ??, e?th?a ???e e
????ey a ?????oth?e ??a ?y????e. A ??? ???????i ??? ??o ???ue ??a
??????e ?? ???????o ???a e ???a ?n??i ??????ey [42, n. 104].
???? i ????? e ????i ?????e ????? ??? ???????i ??? ?????i ????ey ?????y
?i ?????i. I????y ??a ???????i ??? AAO ??o ?? ???? ? ??e ?? ??????? ??i
?c. I?????ue ???????i ??? ????ny ? ?ie ????? ??????i? ??? ???e ???????i
??? ? ? ??a ???i ?????? ???a ? ??? ??a ??? ???????i ???. I??????e ??o
??? a eth?a ??y ?????ue ??? ?????ey ?????? a ?a ??e ai??a ? ??? ??a ???
???????i ???. I?????ue ???????i ??? ??th?? ? e?? AAO ???? ???? n ??????i
?????i ????ey, ?? ???i ? ?a????i ?? ??y?e ??th??y ??? ????. I???????i?
??? ??????? ???a: ???????i ??????e ???. A?e a ?? ??????? ???a ???i ??i
??????e, ? ?????e ? ?????e ???i ???????-??????i ????a ????ey ??? ???, ?
y? ??? ?ae??ey?ny ???e, ?????th?? ??? ????????a ??o ??????y? ????? e
????a, ?eth?y ???-?????.
I??ay ???? ?????ey ??????? ???a ????y ? ??? ? ????o ????ey, ? e ?????
????e???a, ??????i ? ????? ?????yie, ??????a ????????i. N??ay ?????ue ?
????e ??? ??????? ???a ??o ?ey? ? ? ???e ?e ??y?e ???e. I????ey ????
?????tho ?????ue ??? ??oa ? 3 ? 11 ???e, ?i ???? ??e ?yae ?c???e: ?-???,
?? ??yy ???a ?????e ?e ????, ? ??? ?y ?th??o ???e ??? 2 ????; ?-???, ??
???i?? ?????ue ???e ? ????o y????? ????????i i?????? ????????o ?????e,
???? ?y ???o i??????? ??a; a-???o, ??ay ?????ue ? ???o ?????e ??u ?y ???
???? e ???, ???a ??????? ????o ????e [26, n. 96].
Ia ?o ??yae, ??cy ???ue a ??oth ????ue e ???????ue ?????ue ??????? ???a,
??? ?y ??eth??i ?????a ??a ??? ??? ??? ????ny ? 9 ???e e ? ????ue 25
???e.
A???a ??o ???????-???? ?? y?y?ny ??i ? ????? ????a?e ??? ??u. A?yae ?
??o ?????o ?????a ?y? ?th??o ?? ??????, ????? a E????: ?????y ??
???????? ???????o ?????e ??u ?????y, ?????a ????a e ????a ??y?y ???? i
????? ???y ?????e O???? a ????? ?a???ey? ??u ?????y e ????? ? a ?????e
??????e; ?????a ?a????, ?????? ??? ??iyi ?????a??i ?e ??????? ????ey;
?????e, ?ae???o ????????; ???i? y?????? ?y????e ???????o ?????e ??u
?????y ? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????-???? ??, ???a ??????ey, ??? ?????a
? ?y????e. A??a n ?i, ?euecy ? ????ue ?? ??? ??i a ??????? ??? ??u, ?
??? ?????o ?????e e ?????, ???a ????i ????o a ???? ????? ??????e
???????-???? ?? ??a, a ??a ??o ???i, ?????o y?i ?i??? [46].
I??aey ??e ???o ??e ??? ????ey ??i, ???o ???? ??oth?a, ?-???, ?????
y?y?ny ?? ?ay ???ae??? ?????ey ???????-???? ?? ???y ???????e ?y????e, ?e
?e ????ay ?????y ???????? ????ey ??i ? ???? ?????yi ???ey ??? ??u,
?????? ???????a ???? ??a, ??y???o ?y??eth ??o ?? ???o ????e. Ai-???,
?????ay ??ue ???e a ??a ???????? ?i???i??y ??a ???? ???e ?? e ????
????ey ???, “?????” ??????oth ????th ???i ?????y a ??e o??o ????
???????? ??????. A-???o, ????? ??a ????ey ??? a ??? ??o ???????-?a??o ??
???o ??ue ???a ??e ?y ??? ??u ???e, ?????y ???o ???? a ????? ?????? ??e
????e ?i?o ???e ? ?????? ??a ??a, ?????e n ??? y?? ??a ?????-?a??e ?? e
?????? e ?e?i ??a y?? ????ey ??o ???????-???? ?? ???y ???????e ?y????e a
??i a ????o ??? o?? ???.
CAEETH*AIEA
A ??iy?a ??y a ??o ?????a ??????u ?????? ????? ???u – ?????y ? i??? e
???, ????? ???e, ??? e ?? ?y????a ???e. E?? ??, ?????i a ?? ??o ???a, a
??a ?????o ?e ???? ??o ?????????th ?y????ue – ??o a ??? ????? ????i,
????o ????a ??iua ??? ????th. I?? ? ??, ???a ??o ?eth?? ????e ???e, ??y?
n ???????? e ??????? ????? ???ey?y?, a???tho ???????a e ??????a ???a?y,
?e ???i, y?yth??y ath????.
Ii ???? ? ??o ? ??a, a ?????y e ?th i??? ???o ??????ey ????? ???i??e.
Ath???a ????ey, ???a ??????eoth ????, ???atho ???? a ????? ?????? ????
?????y?? ????uo ??a ????th. I?th? ???ea ??????ue a ??????? ath???? ???a,
? ?? ???e ?i ?????e ??ae??y?. Ath???a e ????? ????ey ????eytho ??e ?a
???iy???o ?? ?n?????? e ??????o ?????. N??? ????, ?i ???? ??a??a ????
?????? ???i n ??y?? O?????i ??? ? 3 ?y?y 2006 a. ? 174-OC “Ia ?????
????eyo”, ???i e ?e ??? ??e ?i ????ey – ????? ?????.
A?e ???? ???, ????? ????? ????ny ? ath?a??i ???e n???th y?????? ???u,
?????ueth ??a???ey ????, ???a ?y ath???o ????? ??????? ????? ?e ????u.
O?, ????? ????ey ??? ????? ???? ????, ????ue ??a a ???i? ???ca?yo,
???iy??? ??i?y??ny ????? ??? ????a, ?i ?a???i a ????e ath???o ?????. E??
??, ????? ????? a ???a io ath???? a ?????i ???e ???e ??? ?????? ? ?ith
?????, ?aeue ????eue ?????i ????ey ?????o ?????? ??i ?i ?y????e, ???ey??
???? ????ey. O?? ?u??otho ?????e ???????e ?????i ????ey ? ??i ?y?????i,
???th?a ?i ? ath???? ????ey.
I??i ???ay ?????ue ?????i ????ey ???iy??? ????ey? ??????a ????ey ?????
?????. N???i i. 2 ?. 8 C??a ? 174-OC ????e ???ie ?????i ????ey y?yth?y
??th????e ??o e ??????. *? ???ny ???ae??y ?????i ????ey, ? ?, ?-???,
?????y ?????i, ?-???, ? ??th??? ?????y ??a ????i-?cy????e ?y????e e ???
????o ?????e ?y ??? ???? ???a, ?????? ? ??? ???iy??? ?ei??ue ???y ? ???
????. A-???o, ?????? ? ??? a ??????e ??? ??i ?????i ????ey – ??th????e
??o. A ? ? ??y ???e i?eth????? ??? ?????i ????ey ? ????i ????, ? ??th???
???o?ey ???o ??? e ???, a ????e ???o ???y ?????????, ?nyo ?? ????????
????.
O?? ???i, ?????ue ??????y ????? ?????i ??o ?i?? ??y?th ???o ? ?? ????ey
?????i ????ey, ?e ?e ? ?e???? ???????o C??? ? 174-OC ????? ??????a ???y
????o ??? ii. E ?? ? ?????? ??o ??????? ? ?y????ue ?????i ????ey /??
??th????e ??o, a ???e ?y??e?i ??yo ???aa??e ????ey ?????i ????ey, a ??y
?????ue ???????o ?????o ?oe ??? ??u?? 1/3 ? ??? ????? ???.
O?y????-???y????y e ????ay ???iy????ue ?????i ????ey ??o ? ??????? ??c
?????? ? ?i ??????ey, ?y?? ??? ? ????e ?????i ????ey ??i ????ue ?ae
????. I????ey ????ey ?????i ????ey ??o ???ue ? ??e ????? ?????i ????ey
????ey? ??????oth ?o ?aae?????ue?oth ?y????ue, ?i, a ?ith ???ue, ?ae?
??ey? ? ???? ?????y?? ??o e ??a. E?? ??, ????? ????o???i ??????ey y?y?ny
????? ??ae???i ????????, ?e ?e ??????? y?y?ny ????i ?????, ?????? ????e
?y ???th?o n ?i a ??????ey ????a ?????? ??a.
O?? ???i, ???y ?ia ????e ???????? ???, ???o ?????ue, ?i ???????? ? ?????
????eyo ??o ??? ???a??e ???? e ??o ?? ???u, ???a ?a?? ????ey e ???ey
????.
AEAEEIA?AOEss
I????i-???? ??
1. Ath???e ??? ?????e O???? ? 31 ethey 1998 ? 145-OC (a ???? ? 27 ???y
2009 a. ? 374-OC). // N???a ???ae????a ?O. – 03.08.1998. – ? 31. – ?.
3823; ?????y ???. – ? 153-154. – 12.08.1998.
2. A????? ??? ?????e O???? (??ue ??ay) ? 30 ?y?y 1994 ? 51-OC (a ????e ?
27 ???y 2009 a. ? 352-OC). // N???a ???????? ?O. – N???a ???????? ?O. –
05.12.1994. – ?32. – ?. 3301; ?????y ???. – ? 238-239. – 08.12.1994.
3. I???? ??? ?????e O???? (??ue ??ay) ? 31 ethey 1998 ? 146-OC (a ??e?e
? 9 ??a 2010 a. ? 20-OC). // N???a ?????e??a ?O. – 03.08.1998. – ? 31. –
?. 3824; ?????y ???. – ? 148-149. – 06.08.1998.
4. I???? ??? ?????e O???? (??ue ??ay) ? 5 ???a 2000 a. ? 117-OC (a ????
? 5 ??ey 2010 a. ? 41-OC). // N??i? ???????? ?O. – 07.08.2000. – ? 32 –
?. 3340; Ia?????y ???. – ? 151-152. – 10.08.2000.
5. O????? ??i “Ia ????? ????eyo” ? 3 ?y?y 2006 a. ? 174-OC (a ???? ? 18
?oy?y 2007 a. ? 230-OC). // N???a ???????? ?O. – 06.11.2006. – ? 45. –
?. 4626; ?????y ???. – ? 250. – 08.11.2006; I?????ay ???. – ? 185-186. –
09.11.2006.
6. O????? ??i “I ???? ????e a ???????a ?? ?O a ?y? n ??y?? O?????i ???
“Ia ????? ????eyo”” ? 3 ?y?y 2006 a. ? 175-OC (a ???? ? 10 ???y 2009 a.
? 18-OC). // N???a ???????? ?O. – 16.02.2009. – ? 7. – ?. 786; I?????ay
???. – ? 9. – 17.02.2009; ?????y ???. – ? 25. – 13.02.2009.
7. O????? ??i “I ??????? ??i??eyo” ? 12 y??y 1996 a. ? 7-OC (a ???? ? 5
??ey 2010 a. ? 40-OC). // N???a ???????? ?O. – 15.01.1996. – ? 3. – ?.
145; ?????y ???. – ? 14. – 24.01.1996.
8. O????? ??i “Ia ?????e” ? 10 ethey 1992 ? 3266-1 (a ??e?e ? 17 ethey
2009 ? 148-OC). // ???e?ay ???. – ? 172. – 1992. – 31 ethey; ? 252. –
2009. – 29 ???y 2009.
9. O????? ??i “I ??? e ??????? ???????? ?????e” ? 22 ???a 1996 a. ?
125-OC (a ???? OC ? 2 ???a 2009 ? 217-OC). // N???a ???????? ?O. – 26
???a 1996. – ? 35. – No. 4135; ?????y ???. – ? 252. – 2009. – 29 ???y
2009.
E????a
10. A????a ?????: ???? e ????? ???u ?y????e // A????a ????ey: y????,
???????a e ??????e ??o. – 2008. – ? 6. – C. 17-22.
11. A????a ????ey // A????a ???a?y: y????, ???????a e ??????e ??o. –
2008. – ? 5. – N. 29-43.
12. A?th?i, A. E? ??? ??? “A????a ?????”. Ai??????a e ??????a ????ey ???
?????e / A. A?th?i // ?????y ???. – 2006. – 18 ?y (? 4069).
13. A?????, A.E. I???e e y?????? ?a?n ????a ???????e ?y????e. N?? i
????? ?a // C??. – 2006. – ? 4. – N. 15-18.
14. A??a, I. E., A?????, A.I. I?? ????? ????? a ????? ???a ?????y //
I????? ????u a ?????e. – 2006. – ? 33. – N. 4-19.
15. A???a, N.A. E??? ??? e ??? n ?????????th ????? ????? / N.A. A???a //
AE??e ?????i ??a. – 2008. – ? 9. – N. 132-141.
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A?????. – I.: A??I??, 2008. – 112 n.
17. A?????, A.A. Ec???y a ????i-?cy????i ????a ???????ey ath???o ?????
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18. A??? ??y?a e ?????e ???a???y ath???o ????? a ????? ????ey // A????a
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19. A??? ????ey ????? ???u ???????y a ????? ????eyo // A????a ????ey:
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20. A????a, I.N. A????a ????ey: ????, ??????y e ????ey / I.N. A????a //
A??a??a ??i. – 2008. – ? 4. – N. 14-17.
21. A????a, I.N. I???e ??i ????a ?o???o ????? / I.N. A????? // TH??. –
2008. – ? 8. – N. 51-58.
22. A????a, I.N. I???e ??i ????a ?o???o ????? / I.N. A????a // A????a
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23. A??a, O.A. E???ey ????i ??????y ???a ????? ???????o ????? / O.A.
A??a // I?? e y????. – 2006. – ? 12. – N. 4-13.
24. C????, A.A. I?? th????? ?? (??i??a ?????) / A.A. C???? // AE??e
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25. Co??a E. A????a e ???? // I?ay ?????y. – 2007. – ? 2. – N. 16-25.
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A.: ?o. ?e??? E??? A.A. Ae??? A.A., E???i, N.A. – E?. 4-a, ???a. e ?i. –
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27. E???, A.A. A??a ???a ????a ?e ???o ??a: ???? ???? e ????? ??a. –
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28. E????o, A.A. O????y: ????a ???u ??y?a e ?????e ???? a ????ue ??? /
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30. Eo?a N.A. I????? e ?????a ??i. – I.: A??a, 2004. – N. 65-66.
31. E????, I.A. A??a ???a ????a ? ??a ???????o ??a: ????? ???? ????ey. –
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32. I??yi, A.A. A????a ????ey a ???a ??????? ?????e / A.A. I??yi //
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35. I???i, A.TH. I???e ??i ??????ey ?????? ????? ????? a ????, ???o,
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36. I??, A.A. A????a ???? ????? ????e ?????e ????ey? / A.A. I?? //
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37. N????a ????a ????? ????ee // A????a ????ey: y????, ??????i? e
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38. O???, E.I. A????a ?????: ??o ath??? e ????? // O????a e ??????a
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39. *??, E.A. A????a ???a?y: “?n?????” a ????? ??a ?e ??? e ??o? / E.
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40. *??, E.A. A????a ????ey: “????o??? ?????” a ????? ??a ?e ??ee e ??o?
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41. *?? Oe?????i ??? ???ey “I????? – ?y ??” “I?” ????eth ??????i ?????
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42. O??i, N.E. A????a ????? – ??y ??? ???ey ??u a ???e: ?????ia ???a. –
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