NIAeA?AEAIEA
1)AAAAeAIEA…………………………………………………….
………………………………………..
2)AEAeU
IA?EIOEEIA……………………………………………………..
…………………………..
3)AeEAAIINOEEA IA?EIOE*ANEIAI IIUessIAIEss
NIINIAU ?ANIICIIAAIEss E IIAeAA?AEAeAIEss
OIIO?AAEAIEss
IA?EIOEEIA……………………………………………………..
………..
4)I?IOEEAEOEEA E OA?IAEIEIAE*ANEIA
EA*AIEA AA?IEIIAIE CAAENEIINOE
………………………………………………….
5)EA*AIEA IAEIOI?UO YENO?AIUO
NINOIssIEE………………………………………..
6)IIIssOEA “CAeI?IAUeA” E “AIEACIUe” A EEEIEEA
IA?EIIAIEE…………………
7)NIENIE
EEOA?AOO?U……………………………………………………..
…………………….
Aaaaeaiea
?aoaiea i?iaeaiu iaiaaeeoeeineiai iio?aaeaiey ia?eioe/aneeo
aauanoa ia
oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee a ianoiyuaa a?aiy auoei a
?ac?yae
ia?aii/a?aaeiuo caaea/, noiyueo ia?aae ainoaea?noaii, e
oanii naycaii n
nia?aiaiiui ninoiyieai ?inneeneiai iauanoaa, eioi?ia /aua
anaai
ii?aaeaeyaony niaoeeaeenoaie eae ianoaaeeueiia e aeaaea
e?eceniia.
Ninoiyiea oeie/aneie caaeneiinoe, ?acaeaathuaany o oiai eee
eiiai
eiaeeaeaea, yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii aicaeaenoaey niaieoiiinoe
oaeoi?ia eae
aeieiae/aneiai, oae e ineoieiae/aneiai e nioeeaeueiiai
ii?yaeeia.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi eiie?aoiia (eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia)
ni/aoaiea i?e/ei,
i?eaiaeyueo e oi?ie?iaaieth ia?ei- e oieneeiiaiee, ?acee/ii
o eaaeaeiai
iaoeeaioa ia?eieiae/aneie eeeieee. N iaeiie noi?iiu,
i/aaeaeiua oniaoe
aeieiae/aneie ia?eieiaee iicaieytho aieaa /aoei auyaeyoue
iae?iaeieiae/aneea e aaiaoe/aneea iniiau iaoieiae/aneeo
i?ioeannia,
eaaeaueo a iniiaa iio?aaeaiey ?acee/iuo ineoiaeoeaiuo
aauanoa. N
ae?oaie, i?ienoaaeoaa a ii?aoi?iaiiie ?innee nieaeaiea
aeeciaiiiai
o?iaiy ianaeaiey e nii?iaiaeaeathuea yoio i?ioeann yaeaiey
iaaaoeaii
aeeytho ia yooaeoeaiinoue iaaeeoeeineeo ia?ii?eyoee.
Aii?in i i?e/eiao, ii?iaeaeathueo, iniaaiii n?aaee
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo e
eeoe iieiaeiai aic?anoa, ?acee/iua oi?iu caaeneiinoe eae
ianniaia,
yieaeaie/aneia yaeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ia naaiaeiyoiee
aeaiue iaeei ec
aeooaeueiuo aniaeoia yooaeoeaiie ai?ueau n ia?ei- e
oieneeiiaieyie.
Aac eco/aiey i?e/ei e oaeoi?ia, i?eaiaeyueo e ?acaeoeth
oeie/aneie
caaeneiinoueth io ?acee/iuo ineoiaeoeaiuo aaaioia,
iaaiciiaeii
aaeaeaaoii ieaie?iaaoue oaeoeeo e no?aoaaeth
i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo, ea/aaiuo
e ?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee o iio?aaeoaeae ineoiaeoeaiuo
aauanoa
(IAA).
Iienaiea iaoiaea
Aeaiiia iiniaea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aiaeec eiiieaena
oaeoi?ia
ieacuaathueo iaaaoeaiia aeeyiea ia ?ani?ino?aiaiea
iaeo?iaieaathueo
aauanoa n?aaee ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo a nia?aiaiiie ?innee.
?anniao?eaathony eae nioeeaeueiua e iee?inioeeaeueiua, oae e
eiaeeaeaeoaeueii- ineoiiaoieiae/aneea e ineoieiae/aneea
i?aaeeeoi?u
ia?eioecia, noaaoea aeooaeueiuie a oa/aiea iineaaeiaai
aeanyoeeaoey.
I?aii?aeaeiua ineoiiaoiiaoieiae/aneea ?anno?ienoaa o
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo ia?eiiaiia i?aaenoaaeaiu a i?eaeiaeueiie
aaoi?neie
o?aeoiaea.
Nioeeaeueiua oaeoi?u
Ianoaaeeueiay yeiiiie/aneay neooaoeey,
oa?aeoa?ecothuayny nieaeaieai
aeeciaiiiai o?iaiy aieueoae /anoe ianaeaiey ?innee,
oiaiueoaieai
aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe, nouanoaaiiui o?iaiai aac?aaioeoeu a
?yaea
?aaeiiia, ionoonoaeai iiieiaaiuo e iniciaaaaiuo
ethaeueie oneiaee
aeey auno?iai oeo/oaiey neooaoeee, i?eaiaeeo e
ninoiyieth oae
iacuaaaiie “nioeeaeueiie aeai?annee”, ionoonoaeth
/oanoaa ee/iie
ia?niaeoeau e cia/eiinoe. ?aeeaie?oaiua iaeioi?uie
n?aaenoaaie
ianniaie eioi?iaoeee (NIE) aunieea noaiaea?ou
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai
aeaaininoiyiey, eioi?ua noi?ie?iaaiu iiae aeeyieai
ca?oaaaeiie
eeii- e oaeai?iaeoeoeee, i?eaiaeyo e oi?ie?iaaieth o
/anoe
ineoe/anee iac?aeie iieiaeaaee eieoaoeeiiiuo iiaeaeae
iiaaaeaiey.
?ieue ia?eioe/aneeo e ineoiaeoeaiuo aauanoa, a eieoaoeee
“aeaaiaeainoaey” aanueia nouanoaaiia.
Ionoonoaea oeaeinoiie eioi?iaoeeiiiie no?aoaaee,
i?eaioe?othuae
iieiaeia iieieaiea no?aiu ia “nio?aiaiea” nianoaaiiiai
caei?iauey e
?aaioiniiniaiinoe, eae iniiaiiai e iaycaoaeueiiai
oaeoi?a
nianoaaiiiai aeeciaiiiai aeaaiiieo/ey.
Iainoi?iaeiia e ca/anooth eaaeiiuneaiiia ia?auaiea n
iaoa?eaeaie i
ia?eioeeao a ioaeaeueiuo n?aaenoaao ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee, i?eaiaeyuaa
e oi?ie?iaaieth “iacaei?iaiai” eioa?ana e iio?aaeaieth e
iio?aaeoaeyi, “iiceoeaiiai” e iei ioiioaiey.
Iaaycaiiay, ii?aaeaeaiiuie e?oaaie, iauanoao aeeneonney
i
“oeaeaniia?aciinoe” eaaaeecaoeee ia?eioe/aneeo aauanoa a
?innee, a
oii /enea iaeiiaieia e oaiaeaioeeiciia inaauaiea iiuoa
“eaaaeecaoeee” ia?eooaiu a Ieaea?eaiaeao e Eniaiee, n
oiie/aieai ia
io?eoeaoaeueiuo iineaaenoaeyo yoiai oaaa.
Oaiaeaioeey e “aoiaiecaoeee” a ioiioaiee e ia?eiiaiee
eae
iauanoaaiiiio yaeaieth, ca/anooth iinyuay aano?aeoiue
oa?aeoa?,
aac o/aoa ?aaeueiuo oneiaee, e eioi?ui ioiinyony:
aunieee o?iaaiue yeiiiie/aneie e oaieiaiie i?anooiiinoe
a no?aia;
ieceay noaiaiue i?aaiaiai ainieoaiey a?aaeaeai;
iaaeinoaoi/iay noaiaiue yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe
eniieieoaeueiie
aeanoe;
Iaaeinoaoi/ii ?ac?aaioaiiay iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea,
ionoonoaea o
iieiaeaaee ?aaeueiuo oi?i eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai
naiiau?aaeaiey, nie?auaiea
“iiceoeaiuo oi?i” aeinoaa, eceeoiyy eiiia?oeeaeecaoeey
aeinoaiauo e
ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee.
Iaaeinoaoi/iay noaiaiue a?aaeaeaineiai niciaiey.
I?iaaeu a oaaea?aeueiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, iniaaiii a
aii?inao
iaania/aiey ianaeaiey aioeia?eioe/aneie i?iiaaaiaeie e
i?ioeaiaeaenoaey i?iiaaaiaea ia?eioeeia.
Iee?inioeeaeueiua oaeoi?u
Cia/eoaeueiay ?ieue n?aaee yoeieiae/aneeo oaeoi?ia,
i?eaiaeyueo e
oi?ie?iaaieth aaeaeeeoeaiiai iiaaaeaiey o
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo,
o?aaeeoeeiiii ioaiaeeony naiuea. Aeeyiea iee?in?aaeu
(aeeaeaeoaai
ie?oaeaiey eiaeeaeaea), eoaea, aaconeiaii, aeeth/athony
aeeceea
?iaenoaaiieee n eiaeeaeaeoaeueii i?enoueie nioeeaeueii-
ineoieiae/aneeie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, a ?yaey neo/aaa yaeyaony iniiaiui
iaoiaaiiui
oaeoi?ii a aaiaca ia?eieiae/aneeo caaieaaaiee.
Iaeiei ec iniiaiuo iaaaoeaiuo iineaaenoaee nieaeaiey
aeeciaiiiai o?iaiy
ianaeaiey, yaeyaony oiaiueoaiea ?iee naiuee eae eeth/aaiai
nioeeaeueiiai
einoeoooa, iaania/eaathuaai iauanoaaiioth noaaeeueiinoue.
Caeanue, iiieii
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo naiaeiuo aeenaa?iiiee, neaaeoao auaeaeeoue
ianeieueei
niaa?oaiii iiauo oaeoi?ia:
Eciaiaiea “nenoaiu oeaiiinoae” a ni/aoaiee n ?aaeceae
i?ioeiai
i?eaiaeeo e nieaeaieth aaoi?eoaoa noa?oaai iieieaiey a
aeacao
iieiaeaaee.
Aeeiaieeci iaeiiai eee iaieo ?iaeeoaeae a nia?aiaiiuo
oneiaeyo
yaeyaony aieaa cia/eiui oaeoi?ii ?enea caaieaaaaiinoe
ia?ei- e
oieneeiiaieyie o aeaoae e iiae?inoeia, aaeaeo aieaa
auno?ie
aeanioeeaeecaoeee aieueiuo o?iie/aneei aeeiaieeciii,
iioa?ae eie
enoi/ieeia n?aaenoa nouanoaiaaiey, e a ?yaea neo/aaa
aeeeuey, /oi a
naith i/a?aaeue iaoneiaeaii ieceei o?iaiai nioeeaeueiie
iiiiue yoiio
eiioeiaaioo.
Ieceay noaiaiue ?aeeaeiciinoe iauanoaa eae iniiau aeey
yoe/aneeo e
ii?aeueiuo noaiaea?oia naiuee, ia oiia ?ac?ooaiey
yoe/aneeo
eiioeaioeee e iinooeaoia a?aiai nioeeaeecia.
Ia aeinoaoi/iay eioi?ie?iaaiiinoue ?iaeeoaeae a aii?inao
oi?ie?iaaiey aioeia?eioe/aneeo onoaiiaie a niciaiee
aeaoae.
Ineoiiaoieiae/aneea oaeoi?u
Ia?ooaiey iiaaaeaiey o aeaoae e iiae?inoeia,
nii?iaiaeaeathueany
iaiaaeeoeeineei iio?aaeaieai ineoiaeoeaiuo aauanoa, e a
/anoiinoe
ioiinyueony e ia?eioe/aneei, iiaoo auoue iaoneiaeaiu
?acee/iuie
ineoieiae/aneeie (eee ineoeao?e/aneeie) i?e/eiaie. A
iineaaeiea
aeanyoeeaoey ?anno?ienoaa e iniaaiiinoe iiaaaeaiey o aeaoae
e
iiae?inoeia ii ?aciiio iiieiathony e eeanneoeoee?othony
?acee/iuie
enneaaeiaaoaeyie (G. Heuyer, J.Dublineau, ?aaiou ?aciuo eao,
Michaux
L, 1953, Stutte H, 1960, Ooaeia A.E.,1971; 1987, Eiaaeaa
A.A. ?aaiou
?aciuo eao). Ia/aoei ia?aie/aiu neiioiiaoe/aneea ?aiee
ineoe/aneeo
caaieaaaiee, iai?eia? oecio?aiee (Ee/ei A.A., 1985). Oaeei
ia?acii,
oi eee eiia ?anno?ienoai (eee ineoe/aneay iniaaiiinoue)
a?yae ee iiaeao
auoue eeanneoeoee?iaaii n oi/ee c?aiey naieioeee a
aeinoaoi/iie noaiaie
ei??aeoii. Enoiaey ec neacaiiiai, aaoi?u ianoiyuaai iiniaey
iiiuoaeenue auaeaeeoue ineoieiae/aneea (ineoeao?e/aneea)
i?eciaee ii
i?eioeeio oaiiiaiieiae/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey. Ec
o?aaeeoeeiiii
?anniao?eaaaiuo a eeeieea iiae?inoeiaie e aeaoneie
ineoeao?ee
niaoeeoe/aneeo aic?anoiuo ineoiiaoieiae/aneeo neiae?iiia
(no?aiiuo
oaea/aiee, iaoaoece/aneie eioieneeaoeee e aaaieaeiiai) iai
ano?a/aeny,
a iniiaiii, eeoue iineaaeiee. Eae ecaanoii, aaaieaeiue
neiae?ii,
iienuaaaiue a naia a?aiy eae “ii?aeueiia iiiaoaoaeuenoai”,
eiaao
neaaeothuea iniiaiua neiioiiu (a iiieiaiee A.A. Ii?iciaa):
Ia?oaeaiea ee/iinoe n ieaaee?iaeie iiiyoee aeia?a e cea,
a- e
aioenioeeaeueiuie oaiaeaioeeyie, oo?aoie eioa?ana e
o/aaa e
iauanoaaiii iieaciiio o?oaeo.
?anoi?iiaeaiea “iecoeo” aea/aiee.
Ineoe/aneee eioaioeeeci.
Eiathony neiioiiu, iaeaieaa oa?aeoa?iua aeey ?aiiaai
aaaieaea
(iaaethaeathuaainy o aeaoae 11-13 eao), e a /anoiinoe , oae
iacuaaaiue
“a?aae naiaeiie iaiaaenoe”. Aeaiiue neiioii i?iyaeyaony a
iaei??eae?oaiii iaaaoeaiii ioiioaiee ?aaaiea oaeoe/anee e
ethaui
aeaenoaeyi ?iaenoaaiieeia a ioiioaiee naay.
Eae iieacae iiuo ?aaiou eeeieee aeaoneie e iiae?inoeiaie
ia?eieiaee
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai einoeoooa ia?eieiaee Ieicae?aaa
?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, a iiea c?aiey a?a/a ineoeao?a-ia?eieiaa /aua
anaai
iiiaaeatho aieueiua n aaaieaeiui neiae?iiii,
iaaethaeathueiny aia ?aiie
oecio?aie/aneiai i?ioeanna, ii iaia?oaeeaathuea
iaa?ieiae/aneoth
iee?ii?aaie/aneoth neiioiiaoeeo. A oi aea a?aiy, iau/ii
ia?acei
au?aaeaiiua a i?aii?aeaeiii ia?eiaea i?eciaee aaaieaeiiai
neiae?iia
oneeeaathony i?e i?eniaaeeiaiee ia?eioecaoeee. Ii iiaieth
aaoi?ia, i?e
ia?eiiaieyo aaaieaeiue neiae?ii neoaeeo eae yoeieiae/aneei
oaeoi?ii a
ioiioaiee iio?aaeaiey IAA (a /anoiinoe, oaeea i?iyaeaiey
oiiiyiooiai
neiioiiieiiieaena, eae aioe- e anioeeaeueiinoue,
?anoi?iiaeaiiinoue
aea/aiee, ?aaea ineoe/aneee eioaioeeeci), oae e neaaenoaeai
ia?anoathuae oiene/aneie yioeaoaeiiaoee e ineoiaaiiiai
aii?iaeueiiai
?acaeoey ee/iinoe ia?eiiaia (a iiieiaiee E. Aeiaea?a).
Iaiaoiaeeii
ioiaoeoue, /oi aioe- e anioeeaeueiinoue, ?anoi?iiaeaiiinoue
aea/aiee,
ioaeaeueiua i?iyaeaiey ineoe/aneiai eioaioeeecia eae
i?aaeeeoi?u
ia?eiiaiee iiaoo ano?a/aoueny ia?aaeei aia ?aiie aaaieaeiiai
neiae?iia,
eae iiii?anno?ienoaa eee iniaaiiinoe ee/iinoe. A /anoiinoe,
aioe- e
anioeeaeueiua oaiaeaioeee iiaoo iaaethaeaoueny a ?aieao
aii?iaeueiiai
?acaeoey ee/iinoe (a iiieiaiee E. Aeiaea?a) i?e oi?ie?iaaiee
“e?aaaie” ineoiiaoee (eae i?aaeei, aicaoaeeiiai eee
enoa?i-aicaoaeeiiai oeia). Yoe aea ee/iinoiua iniaaiiinoe
iiaoo
iaaethaeaoueny a ?aieao “yaea?iie” ineoiiaoee eee
niioaaonoaothuae
aeoeaiooaoeee ee/iinoe (a iiieiaiee E. Eaiiaa?aea), a oaeaea
i?e
ineoii?aaie/aneii neiae?iia. Ai anao neo/ayo oaeaea neaaeoao
eneeth/eoue
aa?iyoiinoue oecio?aie/aneiai i?ioeanna. Eeeieea oiiiyiooiai
oaiiiaia
aeinoaoi/ii oi?ioi iienaia iiiaeie enneaaeiaaoaeyie, e
iiyoiio a neeo
iaiaoiaeeiinoe naeaoiai eceiaeaiey iaoa?eaea a aeaiiii
iiniaee ia
eceaaaaony. Oeaeaniia?acii iiae/a?eiooue, /oi a ia?eiae
oiaaeea aeooiaiuo
oeaiiinoae, oa?aeoa?iiai aeey ii?aoi?iaiiie ?innee, /anoioa
aioe- e
anioeeaeueiuo oaiaeaioeee e niioaaonoaaiii eo ?ieue eae
yoeieiae/aneeo
oaeoi?ia ia?eiiaiee o ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo caeiiiia?ii
aic?anoaao.
A?aie/ao n aioe e anioeeaeueiuie oaiaeaioeeyie
aeaonei-iiae?inoeiaua
?aaeoeee i?ioanoa i?ioea cia/eiuo aeey ee/iinoe e
ia?aaeeaaaiuo eae
iaaaoeaiua yaeaiee iianaaeiaaiie aeecie. Oaeie i?ioano
iiaeao auoue
iai?aaeai eae i?ioea iaaeaaii?eyoiie naiaeiie ianoaiiaee
(iai?eia?,
a neo/aa iueyinoaa iooea eee iaoa?e, ieceiai iaoa?eaeueiiai
aeinoaoea a
naiuea), oae e i?ioea iauaeoeaii nouanoaothuae a ianoiyuaa
a?aiy iauae
aeaaaeueaaoeee aeooiaiuo oeaiiinoae (iineaaeiaa ia?aaeei ia
iniciaaony e
noauaeoeaii ia?aaeeaaaony a aeaea io?eoeaoaeueiuo
yiioeeiiaeueiuo ?aaeoeee
ia iianaaeiaaiua yaeaiey aeecie).
Aii?in i nianoaaiii ?anoi?iiaeaiiinoe aea/aiee a oceii
niunea yoiai
oa?ieia aia ?aiie aaaieaeiiai neiae?iia neiaeai. I?e
eco/aiee
i?aii?aeaeiuo iniaaiiinoae ee/iinoe ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo,
aieueiuo
ia?eiiaieyie, iu auaeaeeee aeaa iniiaiua a?oiiu iaoeeaioia n
oiiiyiooui
oaiiiaiii:
?anoi?iiaeaiea aea/aiee o “aaaeiie/aneeo” ee/iinoae, oi
anoue o
iaoeeaioia, iniiaiui noeioeii iiaaaeaiey o eioi?uo a
i?aii?aeaeiii
ia?eiaea auei iieo/aiea” aaaeiie/aneeo” ia?aaeeaaiee:
ieuaauo,
naenoaeueiuo e o.i. E i?i/ei ianeaaeaeaieyi oaeea
iiae?inoee ia?aaeei
i?eaaaeytho naaa yooaeo io iio?aaeaiey ia?eioeeia.
?anoi?iiaeaiea aea/aiee o iaoeeaioia n i?aii?aeaeii
eiathuei ianoi
ineoii?aaie/aneei neiae?iiii (eae i?aaeei,
?aceaeoaeueiiai aaiaca).
N?aaee i?iyaeaiee ineoe/aneiai eioaioeeecia, oia?aiii
au?aaeaiiua
i?eciaee eioi?iai ii nouanoao yaeythony ii?iie o
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo
(ii iiaieth iaeioi?uo enneaaeiaaoaeae, aeaaea aei 30% e
aieaa eeoe ec
/enea ac?ineiai ianaeaiey eiatho a ea/anoaa iaaieaciaiiuo
ee/iinoiuo
iniaaiiinoae i?eciaee ineoe/aneiai eioaioeeecia, (oeeo. ii
Eiaaeaao
A.A., 1979), iaeaieaa /anoi a ea/anoaa i?aaeeeoi?a
ia?eiiaiee
aunooiaee neaaeothuea:
Iio?aaiinoue a y?eeo yiioeeiiaeueiuo ia?aaeeaaieyo.
?iainoue e ia?aoeoaeueiinoue (i?eciaaony eae neiioii
ineoe/aneiai
eioaioeeecia ia anaie enneaaeiaaoaeyie).
O ?iaeeo e ia?aoeoaeueiuo aeaoae e iiae?inoeia /anoi
iaaethaeaaony
ineoieiae/aneay caaeneiinoue io aieaa noa?oeo e aieaauo
ciaeiiuo. A
oneiaeyo, eiaaea nauo ia?eioeeia i?eiineo naa?oi?eaueue,
ianiaa?oaiiieaoiea n au?aaeaiiuie /a?oaie ?iainoe e
ia?aoeoaeueiinoe
ia?aaeei iiae aeaaeaieai ciaeiiuo, eiathueo au?aaeaiiua
aieaaua
iniaaiiinoe oa?aeoa?a e aiaea/aiiuo a noa?o ia?eiaeciana,
ia/eiatho
iio?aaeaiea ia?eioeeia.
A neo/aa, anee aeia?o?ioe?iaaiiua /a?ou ineoe/aneiai
eioaioeeecia,
oiiiyiooua auoa, ni/aoathony n yaeaieyie caaea?aeee
ineoe/aneiai
?acaeoey eee “aiaoeaoi?iuie” oi?iaie ieeaio?aiee, ?ene
i?eiauaiey e
nenoaiaoe/aneie ia?eioecaoeee cia/eoaeueii aic?anoaao.
O?aaiaeii – iieoaeueiua /a?ou oa?aeoa?a, yaeythueany iniiaie
oae
iacuaaaiie ineoanoaiee, oaeaea a neo/aa naiae cia/eoaeueiie
au?aaeaiiinoe iiaoo auoue i?aaeeeoi?aie nenoaiaoe/aneie
ia?eioecaoeee. A
aeaiiii neo/aa ia?eioeee i?eia?aoatho eiiioieeaoeaioth e
o?aieaeeece?othuoth (aa?iaa caiaiythuoth aa
yeoi?ece?othuoth) ooieoeee. *ai
aieaa au?aaeaiu o?aaiaeii-iieoaeueiua /a?ou, oai iaiaa
oaa?aiii
/oanoaoao naay ?aaaiie (iiae?inoie) n?aaee naa?noieeia, oai
aieaa ii
ioaeaeaaony a ineoieiae/aneie iiaeaea?aeea. Ia iieo/ay aa a
aeieaeiie
noaiaie, ii ia?aaeei i?eaaaaao e “oeie/aneie” iiaeaea?aeea,
eioi?oth aio
ioioii i?aaeinoaaeytho oi?aiaoeu ia?eioeeaie.
Ia?aaeei ia?eiiaiee iaaethaeathony o iiae?inoeia n aunieeie
eioaeeaeooaeueiuie aiciiaeiinoyie, i?aainoiaeyueie ca/anooth
eioaeeaeo
aieueoeinoaa naa?noieeia. I?e yoii ee/iinoue iiaeao
?acaeaaoueny a
i?aii?aeaeiii ia?eiaea aiieia aa?iiie/ii, ioiioaiey a naiuea
e ni
naa?noieeaie iiaoo auoue aeinoaoi/ii aeaaii?eyoiuie. Caeanue
?a/ue eaeao i
neo/ayo, eiaaea ia?eiiaiey ?acaeaaaony eae aoaeoi ia oiia
iieiiai
ineoieiae/aneiai e ineoeao?e/aneiai aeaaiiieo/ey. Ii iiaieth
aaoi?ia,
i?e/eiie ia/aea ia?eioecaoeee a yoeo neo/ayo ia?aaeei
neoaeeo
“eioi?iaoeeiiiay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue” (aeeceay eee
oiaeaeanoaaiiay
ineoieiae/aneiio iiiyoeth “naini?iay aeai?eaaoeey”).
Ineoieiae/aneea
iaoaieciu ia/aea ia?eioecaoeee caeeth/athony a oii, /oi
ie?oaeathuea
iee?inioeeaeueiua oneiaey ia i?aaeinoaaeytho oi?ioi
?acaeoiio
eioaeeaeooaeueii eiaeeaeaeo aeinoaoi/iuo iniiaaiee aeey
yiioeeiiaeueiiai e
eioaeeaeooaeueiiai ianuuaiey. I?ioeann aeecie a yoeo neo/ayo
aini?eieiaaony noauaeoeaii eiaeeaeaeii eae “neo/iue”. Iienee
ianuuaiey
yiioeeiiaeueiie noa?u e iiauoaiey eioaeeaeooaeueiie iaa?ocee
caeanue
ia?aaeei i?iaioee?otho iio?aaeaiea “eioaeeaeooaeueiuo”
ia?eioeeia
(eieaei) eee neioaoe/aneeo iieieaeia. A?a/ ineoeao?-ia?eieia
a
iiaeiaiie neooaoeee ia?aaeei ano?a/aaony n “eaeaeiuie”
ia?eiiaiaie,
eioaeeaeooaeueii aini?eieiathueie ia?eioeee eae aunoaa
aeaai.
Nouanoaaiioth ?ieue a i?eiauaiee e iio?aaeaieth IAA ia?aaeei
ea?atho
aeaonei-iiae?inoeiaua ?aaeoeee iiae?aaeaiey. Ii iaoaio
iiaieth, a iniiaa
yoeo ?aaeoeee iiaoo eiaoue ianoi ?acee/iua iniaaiiinoe
ee/iinoe,
aieueoeinoai ec eioi?uo ia?a/eneaii a ianoiyuai iiniaee.
?acoiaaony, a aeaiiii ?acaeaea iu ia?a/eneeee ia ana
ineoieiae/aneea e
ineoeao?e/aneea i?aaeeeoi?u ia?eiiaiee o ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo.
Aeaiiue
aii?in aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie ia yaeyaony aeinoaoi/ii
eco/aiiui e
ioaeaeaaony a aeaeueiaeoai enneaaeiaaiee. Iaeiaei, ii iaoaio
iiaieth, a
ianoiyuai iiniaee inaauaiu iniiaiua aniaeou aii?ina i
ineoieiae/aneeo e ineoeao?e/aneeo i?e/eiao i?eiauaiey
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo e iio?aaeaieth ia?eioeeia, eioi?ua iiaoo
caeioa?aniaaoue i?aeoe/aneiai a?a/a.
A caeeth/aiee aeaiiie /anoe ?aaiou neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi a
iiea c?aiey
a?a/a ineoeao?a-ia?eieiaa, ?aaioathuaai n
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieie
aieueiuie ia?eiiaieyie, ioiineoaeueii ?aaeei iiiaaeatho
iaoeeaiou,
iaia?oaeeaathuea a i?aii?aeaeiii ia?eiaea:
Eaeeiiaoe/aneoth (“aaioeiioth”) yieeaioe/aneoth aieaciue
n
noaei?iaeiuie noeaiaoaie , ?aiiei ia/aeii e
niioaaonoaothueie
eciaiaieyie ee/iinoe.
A?aaeiaua ineoicu.
Aaeethoeeiaoi?iua ?anno?ienoaa.
Neeiiiinoue e nenoaiaoe/aneiio ceioiio?aaeaieth
aeeiaieai.
Oi?ie?othueany ia?aiieyeueiua /a?ou oa?aeoa?a n
aeia?nioeeaeueiui
?aaeeeaeii.
Au?aaeaiiua i?iyaeaiey “?aoeie?iaaiiie” eiioiiae?ee.
Neiae?iiu no?aiiuo oaea/aiee eee iaoaoece/aneie
eioieneeaoeee (a
iiieiaiee A.A. Eiaaeaaa).
Caeeth/aiea
Ia iniiaaiee auoaeceiaeaiiiai noaiiaeony ynii, /oi aac
?aoaiey ?yaea
aeooaeueiuo i?iaeai nioeeaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a, eciaiaiey
niaea?aeaiey
i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo aioeia?eioe/aneeo i?ia?aii n o/aoii
?aaeueiuo
ianoiuo oneiaee, i?iaaaeaiey aaeaeaaoiie iieiaeaaeiie
iieeoeee,
iaaeaaaeiinoaaiiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey, aeiaeoueny nieaeaiey
?ani?ino?aiaiiinoe ia?eieiae/aneeo caaieaaaiee n?aaee
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo aoaeao /?acau/aeii cao?oaeieoaeueii.
Aeeaaiinoeea ia?eioe/aneiai iiueyiaiey.
Niiniau ?aniiciaaaiey e iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey oiio?aaeaiey
ia?eioeeia
Onoaiiaeoue oaeo oiio?aaeaiey ia?eioeeia iiaeii ianeieueeeie
iooyie:
N iiiiuueth yeni?ann-oanoia ia ia?eioeee
Ii einaaiiui i?eciaeai oiio?aaeaiey ia?eioeeia e
ia?eioe/aneie
caaeneiinoe
A i?ioeanna ia?eieiae/aneie yenia?oecu
Ia?eieiae/aneay yenia?oeca
Anee Aai iaiaoiaeeii aeieacaoue, /oi eoi-eeai ceioiio?aaeyao
ia?eioeeaie eee iaoiaeeony a ninoiyiee ia?eioe/aneiai
iiueyiaiey a
ianoiyuae iiiaio, e io yoiai caaeneo ?aoaiea nii?iuo
th?eaee/aneeo
aii?inia, oi iaiaoiaeeii i?iaaaeaiea
noaeaaii-ia?eieiae/aneie
yeniao?ecu. Noaeaaii-ia?eieiae/aneay yenia?oeca yaeyaony
iaeiie ec
?aciiaeaeiinoae noaeaaii-iaaeeoeeineie yenia?oecu e
i?iaiaeeony oieueei
niaoeeaeenoaie ainoaea?noaaiiuo ia?eieiae/aneeo ea/aaiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee e
oieueei ii cai?ino i?aaiia IAAe eee thnoeoeee. Yoi cia/eo,
/oi aa iiaeii
i?iaanoe ii ?aoaieth noaea, anee, iai?eia?, Aaoe
eiouanoaaiiua nii?u
?acae?aao noae. Aiciiaeii i?iaaaeaiea n?i/iie yenia?oecu ii
?aoaieth
AAE, eiaaea iia eanaaony eeoe, oi?aaeythueie o?ainii?oiuie
n?aaenoaaie.
Anee Aai i?inoi caoioaeinue oee/eoue naiaai aeeceiai eee
ciaeiiiai
/aeiaaea a iio?aaeaiee ia?eioeeia, a i?iaaaeaiee
ioeoeeaeueiie
yenia?oecu, eiia/ii, Aai ioeaaeoo – yoi ouaieyao i?aaa
/aeiaaea.
Ia?eieiae/aneay yenia?oeca a Iaoa?ao?aa i?iaiaeeony,
iai?eia?, a
Ai?iaeneii ia?eieiae/aneii aeeniaina?a (A.I., 4-y eeiey,
ae.23/25), a
Iaeanoiii ia?eieiae/aneii aeeniaina?a (Iiai-Aeaayoeeii,
ae.19/1) e a
ae?oaeo ia?eieiae/aneeo aeeniaina?ao e ineoeao?e/aneeo
aieueieoeao.
Yeni?ann-oanou aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ia?eioeeia
A aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo iiaeii ociaoue ia oiio?aaeaiee
ia?eioeeia n
aunieie noaiaiueth aeinoiaa?iinoe n iiiiuueth
yeni?ann-oanoia ia
ii?aaeaeaiea ia?eioeeia a ii/a. Yeni?ann-oanou ia ia?eioeee
ii aeaeo e
ono?ienoao iioiaee ia oanou aeey ii?aaeaeaiey aa?aiaiiinoe,
anee Aai
i?eoiaeeeinue eo aeaeaoue 🙂
Aeaeeoa, nenoaia aeey oanoe?iaaiey i?aaenoaaeyao ec naay
aoiaaeioth
iieineo, ia eioi?oth iaeeaaii ia/oi a?aaea i?iiieaoee. Yoa
«i?iiieaoea» i?iieoaia a ii?aaeaeaiiuo ianoao ianeieueeeie
oeie/aneeie
e aaeeiauie ninoaaaie. ?anoai? ia?eioeea (iai?eia?, ii/a
ia?eiiaia)
iiaeieiaaony aaa?o ii «i?iiieaoea» e anooiaao n oiiiyioouie
ninoaaaie
a na?eth iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo ?aaeoeee. A ?acoeueoaoa
iiyaeyaony
ie?aoeaaiea a oii ianoa, aaea i?ienoiaeeo caeeth/eoaeueiay
ec ieo.
?aaeoeee yaeythony eiioiioeie/aneeie, oi anoue i?ienoiaeyo
iaaeaeo
aioeoaeaie e aioeaaiaie, eiathueieny a «i?iiieaoea», e
i/aiue
/oanoaeoaeueiu. A ii/a, iai?eia?, yeni?ann-oano oeaaeeaaao
neaaeu
ia?eioeeia-iieaoia ia i?ioyaeaiee 5 nooie iinea
iaeiie?aoiiai i?eaia.
Nai oano auiieiyaony oae: Au i?ineoa iiaeic?aaaaiiai
iiii/eoueny a
aaii/eo, iinea /aai ia 5 naeoiae iioneaaoa a ii/o iieineo
aei
iaicia/aiiiai ai?eciioaeueiie /a?oie o?iaiy a ieaeiae aa
/anoe.
Anee a oa/aiea 5 ieioo a n?aaeiae /anoe iieinee iiyayony
aeaa
ei?e/iaaaoi-e?aniuo iiia?a/iuo /a?oi/ee, oi ana a ii?yaeea –
ia?eioee
ia iaia?oaeai. Anee iiia?a/iay /a?oi/ea aoaeao iaeia, oi a
ia?acoea ii/e
anoue ia?eioee. Iaeiiaoe, anee /a?oi/ae aiiaua iao, cia/eo,
oano
i?iaaaeai iai?aaeeueii e aai iaaei ia?aaeaeaoue.
Einaaiiua i?eciaee oiio?aaeaiey ia?eioeeia e ia?eioe/aneie
caaeneiinoe
Aeeeiiua ?oeaaa iaeaaeaeu anaaaea, iacaaeneii io iiaiaeu
e ianoaiiaee.
Iaanoanoaaiii oceea eee oe?ieea c?a/ee iacaaeneii io
inaauaiey.
Io?aoaiiue acaeyae..
*anoi – ia?yoeeaue aeae, nooea aieinu, ioaeoea eenoe
?oe; oaiiua,
?ac?ooaiiua, «iaeiiaiiua» coau a aeaea «iaiueeia».
Inaiea /aua noooeay..
Iaaiyoiay, «?anoyiooay» ?a/ue.
Iaoeethaeea e caiaaeeaiiua aeaeaeaiey i?e ionoonoaee
caiaoa aeeiaiey
eci ?oa.
ssaiia no?aieaiea ecaaaaoue ano?a/ n i?aaenoaaeoaeyie
aeanoae.
?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoue, ?aceinoue e iaii/oeoaeueiinoue a
ioaaoao ia
aii?inu.
Iinea aai iiyaeaiey a aeiia o Aan i?iiaaeatho aaue eee
aeaiueae.
Neaaeu oeieia ia?eiiaiu iau/ii ia iieacuaatho, ii
eiiaaea eo iiaeii
caiaoeoue ia oueueiie noi?iia eenoae, a aiiaua-oi
ia?eiiaiu ni
noaaeai aeaeatho naaa euaeoeee eoaea oaiaeii, e neaaeu
ioaeii eneaoue ai
anao iaeanoyo oaea, ia eneeth/ay eiaee ia aieiaa iiae
aieinaie.
*anoi neaaeu oeieia auaeyaeyo ia i?inoi eae
iiiaeanoaaiiua e?aniua
oi/ee, a neeaathony a ieioiua neiaaaoi-aaa?iaua oyaee ii
oiaeo aai.
I?aaeiieiaeeoue oiio?aaeaiea ia?eioeeia ii einaaiiui
i?eciaeai eaa/a
ethaeyi, eioi?ua iinoiyiii ano?a/athony eee aeeaoo n
iiaeic?aaaaiui, e e
niaeaeaieth, oaeeie ethaeueie /aua anaai yaeythony
?iaeeoaee.
Einaaiiua i?eciaee ia?eioecaoeee iiaoo auoue niaoeeoe/iuie
aeey
ioaeaeueiuo i?aia?aoia e iaueie, oa?aeoa?iuie aeey anao
ia?eioeeia. *oi
eanaaony iaueo aeey anao ia?eioeeia i?eciaeia, oi iie
aaniieiyo
aieiaoaeueiuo ?iaeeoaeae a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue. I?aaaea,
eiiaaea eo n/eoatho
«aiieia ii?iaeueiui aeey iiae?inoea iiaaaeaieai». Aio iie:
Ia?anoathuay ne?uoiinoue ?aaaiea (aiciiaeii, aac
oooaeoaiey
ioiioaiee n ?iaeeoaeyie). *anoi iia nii?iaiaeaeaaony
o/auaieai e
oaaee/aieai a?aiaie «aoeyiee», eiaaea ?aaaiie ooiaeeo ec
aeiia a oi
a?aiy, eioi?ia ?aiueoa i?iaiaeee a naiuea eee ca
o?ieaie.
Aiciiaeii, ?aaaiie neeoeii iicaeii eiaeeony niaoue e ana
aeieueoa
caeaaeeaaaony a iinoaee n oo?a.
Iaaeaao eioa?an e o/aaa eee e i?eau/iui oaea/aieyi e
oiaae, iiaeao
auoue, ?iaeeoaee ociatho i i?iaoeao oeieueiuo caiyoee.
Nieaeaaony oniaaaaiinoue.
Caoi oaaee/eaathony oeiainiaua cai?inu, e iieiaeie
/aeiaae aeoeaii
euao iooe eo oaeiaeaoai?aiey, aui?aoeaay aeaiueae ai ana
aic?anoathueo eiee/anoaao (anee ia/eiatho i?iiaaeaoue
aeaiueae ec
?iaeeoaeueneeo eioaeueeia eee oeaiiua aaue ec aeiia –
yoi i/aiue
o?aaiaeiue i?eciae!).
Iiyaeythony iiaua iiaeic?eoaeueiua ae?ocuey (ii aia/aea
iieiaeie
/aeiaae iau/ii ano?a/aaony n aanueia i?eee/iuie ia aeae
ia?eiiaiaie) eee iiaaaeaiea noa?uo i?eyoaeae noaiiaeony
iiaeic?eoaeueiui.
?acaiai?u n ieie aaaeoony oaiioii, iaiiiyoiuie o?acaie
eee a oaaeeiaiee.
Iano?iaiea ?aaaiea – yoi i/aiue aaaeiue i?eciae –
iaiyaony ii
iaiiiyoiui i?e/eiai, i/aiue auno?i e /anoi ia
niioaaonoaoao
neooaoeee: aeia?iaeooea e ayeinoue a neaiaeaea eee,
iaiai?io,
?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoue a niieieiie neooaoeee.
Iaeiiaoe, Au iiaeaoa caiaoeoue neaaeu eiuaeoeee (o.a.
oeieia) ii oiaeo
aai ia ?oeao.
I?IOEEAEOEEA E OA?IAEIEIAE*ANEIA EA*AIEA AA?IEIIAIE CAAENEIINOE
NENOAIIUE IAEIENIIIAUE OANO
a) Iieacaiey e ineoieiae/aneay iiaeaioiaea iaoeeaioa
Iaeienii – /enoue aioaaiieno iieaoia, eioi?ue /anoi
eniieuecoaony i?e
ea/aiee ia?aaeice?iaee iieaoia. Iaeieniiiaiio oanoo aeieaeii
i?aaeoanoaiaaoue aeeeoaeueiia (ia iaiaa 24 /ania – i?ei.
N.A.)
iaaethaeaiea iaoeeaioa n oeaeueth auyaeaiey aiciiaeiiai
neiae?iia
aanoeiaioeee.
Iaeieniiiaue oano i?iaiaeeony a neo/aa niiieoaeueiiai eee
neaai
au?aaeaiiiai aanoeiaioiiai neiae?iia, eee ii aeaeaieth
iaoeeaioa. (N
oeaeueth iauaeoeaecaoeee aeeaaiica iieaoiie ia?eiiaiee –
i?ei. N.A.)
Oano i?iaiaeeony iinea ioeaiee oece/aneiai ninoiyiey
iaoeeaioa,
eneeth/aiey iaee/ey a aai aiaiiaca ineoioe/aneeo ?aaeoeee e
aeea?ae/aneeo ?aaeoeee ia i?aia?ao.
A?a/ iaycai iiaeaioiaeoue iaoeeaioa e iaeieniiiaiio oanoo.
Aieueiua n
eaea?noaaiiie caaeneiinoueth aiyony i?iyaeaiey iaciaeiiuo ei
neiioiiia
aanoeiaioeee, iiyoiio eo iaaei oniieieoue. Iaeieniiiaue oano
aucuaaao
auno?ia ?acaeoea neiae?iia aanoeiaioeee e iaaaoeaioth
yiioeeiiaeueioth
?aaeoeeth. Yoa ?aaeoeey iiaeao i?eaanoe e ioeaco io
aeaeueiaeoaai ea/aiey,
ioeaco iaoiaeeoueny iiae iaaethaeaieai a noaoeeiia?a eee a
aeiaaiii
noaoeeiia?a. Iiyoiio i/aiue aaaeii oaaaeeoue iaoeeaioa a
iaiaoiaeeiinoe
i?iaaaeaiey oanoa, ia oioneay ec aeaeo neaaeothuaa:
Caaa?eoue iaoeeaioa, /oi aanoeiaioiue neiae?ii aoaeao niyo
aaeaeaaoiui
ea/aieai;
Iauynieoue aio, /oi iaeieniiiaue oano iaiaoiaeei, /oiau ia
naeaeaoue
caaeneiui iacaaeneiiai io iieaoia iaoeeaioa eee
noi?ie?iaaoue aieaa
oyaeaeoth caaeneiinoue o oia?aiii caaeneiiai i?e
iai?aaeeueiii
iacia/aiee caianoeoaeueiie oa?aiee.
(Caeanue ?a/ue eaeao i caianoeoaeueiii ea/aiee iieaoiie
ia?eiiaiee n
iiiiuueth iaoaaeiia, eioi?ia a ?innee cai?auaii. Iiae
“oia?aiiie” e
“aieaa oyaeaeie” caaeneiinoueth iiieiathony niioaaonoaaiii
ineoe/aneay e
oece/aneay caaeneiinoe, eioi?ua aucuaaao iaoaaeii – i?ei.
N.A.)
Iienaoue e iauynieoue iaoaieci neiae?iia ioiaiu o iaoeeaioa
n
eaea?noaaiiie caaeneiinoueth.
Iaoeeaio aeieaeai aeaoue ?anieneo, /oi ii i?ieioi?ie?iaai i
iaoiaeeea
auiieiaiey oanoa, a oaeaea eiaoue aa?aioee, /oi aanoeiaioeey
aoaeao
eoie?iaaia iaeauno?aeoei
niiniaii.
a) Iaoiaeeea iaeieniiiaiai oanoa
Aioo?eaaiiia aaaaeaiea iaeieniia (n?aaeiyy aeica 0,5 ia)
aucuaaao
aanoeiaioiue neiae?ii ia i?ioyaeaiee ianeieueeeo ieioo. Aai
eioaineaiinoue i?iii?oeeiiaeueia noaiaie eaea?noaaiiie
caaeneiinoe.
Ia?aiao?u ioeaiee aanoeiaioiiai neiae?iia i?eaaaeaiu a
Oaaeeoea 1. Anee
aioo?eaaiiia aaaaeaiea cao?oaeiaii, iaeienii iiaeao auoue
aaaaeai
aioo?eiuoa/ii; a yoii neo/aa ?acaeoea aanoeiaioiiai
neiae?iia
caaea?aeeaaaony ia 30-60 ieioo…
…Iiuo i?iaaaeaiey iaeieniiiaiai oanoa a ?acee/iuo eeeieeao
aiai?eo i
oii, /oi:
Ii oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueii ia?aiineony iaoeeaioaie;
Aucuaaao e?aoein?i/iue neiae?ii ioiaiu, iiyoiio iaiaa
o?aaiaoe/ai
(ii n?aaiaieth n anoanoaaiiui oa/aieai aanoeiaioeee aac
iaeieniia
– i?ei. N.A.)
Iiaeao i?eiaiyony a aeiaaiuo noaoeeiia?ao i?e iaee/ee
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai ia?niiaea,
Aeaao aiciiaeiinoue iauaeoeaece?iaaoue aeeaaiinoeeo
i?eciaeia
oece/aneie caaeneiinoe;
Ia aucuaaao iiai/iuo yooaeoia o iieaoiacaaeneiuo
noauaeoia.
a) Niaoeeaeueiua i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
Iaeieniiiaue oano ia iieacai aa?aiaiiui.
Oiio?aaeaiea iieaoia ianee?oao ineoicu, iiyoiio i?e
i?iaaaeaiee
iaeieniiiaiai oanoa ia?niiae aeieaeai auoue iiaeaioiaeai
aeey eoie?iaaiey
ineoioe/aneeo ?aaeoeee, neaaeothueo ca neiae?iiii ioiaiu.
Iaiaoiaeeii
oaeaea i?aaeoi?aaeeoue iaoeeaioa, /oi aai oiea?aioiinoue e
iieaoai
nieceony, e iau/iay aeica aa?ieia, iai?eia?,
iiaeao aucaaoue ino?oth eioieneeaoeeth.
Oaaeeoea 1.1 Iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue ?acaeoey neiioiiia
aanoeiaioeee i?e
ioiaia iieaoiuo ia?eioeeia
Noaiaiue
aanoeiaioeeeNeiioiiu
Ii?oei*anu iinea iineaaeiaai aaaaeaiey
Aa?iei – Iaoaaeii
Noaiaiue 0Eiiioeueneaiia aea/aiea e ia?eioeeo,
no?ao6812
Noaiaiue 1Caaioa, neacioa/aiea, iioeeainoue,
ianii?e, nii
n i?iaoaeaeaieyie14834-48
Noaiaiue 2Iaino?aiea iienaiiuo neiioiiia,
ieae?eac,
iuoa/iue aeeneiioi?o ieeiy?aeoeey, a?eoiey,
a?o?aeaey,
ieaeaey, o?aii?, aiee a nieia161248-72
Noaiaiue 3 Iaino?aiea iienaiiuo neiioiiia,
aanniiieoea,
aeia?oaicey, aeiioa?iey, oaoeiiiy, oaoeea?aeey,
anoaiey.24-36 18-24
Noaiaiue 4 Iaino?aiea iienaiiuo neiioiiia,
oea?eeeyoeey
iuooe, ?aioa, aeea?ay (aiciiaeia iioa?y aana),
yyeoeyoeey,
niiioaiiue i?aaci, eaeeioeeoic, yiceiioeeey,
oia?aiiay
aeiiaeeeaiey36-48 24-36
IIEACAIEss AeEss IAIOEIAEIIE OA?AIEE I?E EIOIENEEAOeEE
IIEAOAIE
Iaoiaeeea
1) Aaiienou iieaoia (aa?iei, ii?oei, iaia?eaeei, iaoaaeii)
eee
aaiienou-aioaaiienou (aooi?oaiie, aoi?aii?oei, iaioacioeei)
iiaoo
aucaaoue ino?ia io?aaeaiea iieaoaie (ia?aaeice?iaeo) a
neo/ayo
i?eiaiaiey eo a aunieeo aeicao eee aianoa n ae?oaeie
i?aia?aoaie,
iioaioee?othueie yooaeo.
2) Ino?ua iieaoiua io?aaeaiey iau/ii iaaethaeatho i?e ieceie
oiea?aioiinoe e iieaoai ia ia/aeueiie noaaeee eaea?noaaiiie
caaeneiinoe, eee, /aua, iinea ia?eiaea aanoeiaioeee a
oa/aiea
aeaoieneeaoeeiiiie oa?aiee.
3) Iaeaieaa /anoua i?e/eiu ia?aaeice?iaee iieaoia
neaaeothuea:
Oiio?aaeaiea “oee/iuo” ia?eioeeia n aieaa aunieie
eiioeaio?aoeeae
aa?ieia, /ai iau/ii ?ani?ino?aiaiiay;
I?eai iieaoia iinea iaeioi?iai ia?eiaea aicaea?aeaiey a
aeica,
?aaiie iineaaeiae i?eiyoie aeica, ia oiia iaoneiaeaiiiai
aanoeiaioeeae nieaeaiey oiea?aioiinoe;
Niaianoiue i?eai iieaoia n ineoio?iiiuie noanoaioeeyie,
iniaaiii
oaeeie, eae aeeiaieue, aa?aeoo?aou, aaiciaeeacaieiu,
iae?ieaioeee
(e eeiieaeei – i?ei. N.A.);
I?eiaiaiea oee/iiai aa?ieia n oiene/iuie i?eianyie
Noiie?iaaiea yooaeoia aa?ieia e iaoaaeiia o noauaeoa,
eioi?ue ia
eiaao aaeaeaaoiie iieaoiie oiea?aioiinoe (caeanue e a
neaaeothuai
ioieoa: i?e iiaeaea?aeeaathuai ea/aiee iaoaaeiiii –
i?ei. N.A.);
I?eai aunieie aeicu iaoaaeiia noauaeoii, eoi ia eiaao
aaeaeaaoiie
iieaoiie oiea?aioiinoe;
Ia/ayiiue i?eai iieaoia aeaoueie (ne?ii iaoaaeiia e
o.i.).
4) Eeanne/aneay o?eaaea neiioiiia i?e ino?ii io?aaeaiee
iieaoaie
aeeth/aao ieic, oaiaoaiea aeuoaiey e ia?anoathuaa iii?a/aiea
niciaiey,
ia?aoiaeyuaa a eiio. Oaeaea ano?a/athony aoi?e/iua neiioiiu
e i?eciaee
(iai?eia?, aeaaeiua, nooea e oieiaeiua iie?iau e neecenoua –
i?ei.
N.A.). Ineiaeiaiey iiaoo auoue i?aaenoaaeaiu ino?ui ioaeii
eaaeeo.
a) Oaiaoaiea aeuoaiey: iiaeao iaaethaeaoueny 5-6 aaeioia a
ieiooo. Aieaa
neeueiue ?anie?aoi?iue aeeno?ann iiaeao i?eaanoe e aiiia.
Iaoeeaio
noaiiaeony aeaaeiui eee neithoiui, ?acaeaaaony ?anie?aoi?iue
aoeeaeic.
Oaiaoaiea aeuoaiey – iaeaieaa na?ueaciue oiene/aneee yooaeo
ii?oeiiiiaeiaiuo aauanoa e o?aaoao iaioeiaeiie oa?aiee.
a) Iii?a/aiea niciaiey i?aaenoaaeaii iau/ii i?aeiiie e
oieueei a
?aaeeeo neo/ayo ?acaeaaaony aeoaieay eiia.
a) Ieic c?a/ea: a oyaeaeuo neo/ayo c?a/ee i?aaeaeueii
noaeaiu, ia
?aaae?otho ia naao, /oi yaeyaony oa?aeoa?iui
aeeaaiinoe/aneei
i?eciaeii ia?aaeice?iaee iieaoia (e i?inoi i?eciaeii eo
oiio?aaeaiey
– i?ei. N.A.). Oeacaiiua i?eciaee iiaoo auoue iaei au?aaeaiu
eee
ionoonoaiaaoue a neaaeothueo neo/ayo:
i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii i?eaia aauanoaa n ieae?eaoe/aneei
aeaenoaeai
(ao?iieiiiiaeiaiua, o?eoeeeee/aneea aioeaeai?annaiou,
aioeaenoaieiiua, aioaoaieiu, eieaei e o.ae.),
i?e ino?ie eioieneeaoeee iaia?eaeeiii,
a iineaaeiae noaaeee eiiu.
a) Ino?ue ioae eaaeeo: yoi ineiaeiaiea eiaao ieioie i?iaiic
e iiaeao
i?eaanoe e eaoaeueiiio enoiaeo.
5) I?aia?aoii auai?a a ea/aiee ino?ie iieaoiie eioieneeaoeee
yaeyaony
iaeienii, aioaaiieno iieaoia. Ii eiieo?aioii auoaniyao
iieaou ec
iieaoiuo ?aoeaioi?ia, ono?aiyy oiene/aneia aeaenoaea
iieaoia.
6) I?aaeii/oeoaeueii aioo?eaaiiia aaaaeaiea aioaaiienoa, ii
anee
aaaaeaiea a ia?eoa?e/aneea aaiu cao?oaeiaii, oi aaiaeyo a
aaae?aiioth eee
ia?oaeioth y?aiioth aaio. Aiciiaeii oaeaea aioo?eiuoa/iia
eee iiaeeiaeiia
aaaaeaiea, ii aeaenoaea i?aia?aoa ianooieo eeoue /a?ac 15-20
ieioo.
7) Iaeienii nouanoaoao iiae oi?aiaie ia?eie Ia?eai 2 ie ai
oeaeiia
(0,4 ia) (a Iaoa?ao?aa ano?a/aaony e a ae?oaeo aeaeao,
i?e/ai iieueneee
– naiue aeaoaaue – i?ei. N.A.). *oiau ono?aieoue oaiaoaiea
aeuoaiey o
iiai?iaeaeaiiiai, ?iaeaeaiiiai io iaoa?e, no?aaeathuae
iieaoiie
caaeneiinoueth, a iaiiaoaeueiii ia?eiaea eniieuecotho
oieueei Ia?eai
(aeaeeii, oieueei a Eoaeee – i?ei. N.A.). A yoii neo/aa
ia/aeueiay aeica
ninoaaeyao 0,01 ia/ea. N?aaeiyy ia/aeueiay aeica aeey
ac?ineuo 0,4 ia
aioo?eaaiii.
8) A neo/aa, anee ac?ineue ia ?aaae?oao ia aeico 0,4 ia
iaeieniia
/a?ac 2-3 ieioou, aaiaeeony aioo?eaaiii aua iaeia aeica 0,4
ia
iaeieniia. Anee e ia yoio ?ac ?aaeoeee ia iineaaeoao
iaiaoiaeeii
ia?aiaieoue ea/aiea, oae eae aaaaeaiea iaeieniia yaeyaony
iaeiia?aiaiii
e aeeaaiinoeeie ex juvantibus. I?e iaee/ee ?aaeoeee ia
iaeieniiiaoth
oa?aieth auno?i iaeeaeythony ?aoeaenu, ?anoe?yaony c?a/ie,
ainnoaiaaeeaaaony aeuoaiea. A neo/aa ino?iai aeeiaieueiiai
io?aaeaiey
eee io?aaeaiey ae?oaeie aeai?annaioaie oeaio?aeueiie ia?aiie
nenoaiu
yooaeo iaeieniia neaaue.
9) Iaoeeaiou, auaaaeaiiua ec eiiu, aeieaeiu iaoiaeeony iiae
iaaethaeaieai a
neo/aa eioieneeaoeee aa?ieiii 3-6 /ania, a neo/aa
eioieneeaoeee
iaoaaeiiii 24-48 /ania. Eiieo?aioiue aioaaiienoe/aneee
yooaeo
iaeieniia e?aoeia?aiaiiue (20-30 ieioo iinea aioo?eaaiiie
eiuaeoeee e
2-3 /ana iinea aioo?eiuoa/iie eiuaeoeee). Iaoeeaio iiaeao
iiaoi?ii
aianoue a eiio eee ?anie?aoi?ioth aeai?anneth ec-ca
ia?nenoe?othuaai
aaiienoe/aneiai yooaeoa, iiyoiio iiaeao iio?aaiaaoueny
aeiiieieoaeueiia
aaaaeaiea iaeieniia. (Ae?oaea enoi/ieee ?aeiiaiaeotho
iinoiyiioth eiooceth
iaeieniia ia i?ioyaeaiee ~12 /ania. Iiuo oieneeieiaia
“Nei?ie iiiiue”
Iaoa?ao?aa naeaeaoaeuenoaoao, /oi aeiionoeia a/iuoa/iay
“iaeieniiecaoeey” aei iiyaeaiey noieeiai ieae?eaca – i?ei.
N.A..)
10) Iieiaeeoaeueiay ?aaeoeey ia iaeienii iiaeao niaieoueny
aanoeiaioiui
neiae?iiii. A yoii neo/aa aaaaeaiea iaoaaeiia ia iieacaii (a
a ?innee –
eaoaai?e/anee cai?auaii e i?aneaaeoaony a oaieiaiii ii?yaeea
a ethaii
neo/aa – i?ei. N.A.).
11) Iinea i?iaaaeaiey iaioeiaeiuo ia?ii?eyoee iaoeeaio
aeieaeai auoue
aeinoaaeai a noaoeeiia? ia oieueei ii i?e/eiai, eceiaeaiiui
a i. 9, ii e
aeey ea/aiey ae?oaeo aiciiaeiuo ineiaeiaiee, ia eioi?ua
aeaenoaea
iaeieniia ia ?ani?ino?aiyaony (ioae eaaeeo, ia?ooaiey
oee?eoeyoeee,
oiene/aneea yooaeou ae?oaeo iaeiia?aiaiii i?eiyouo aauanoa,
ooyaeaeaiea
nouanoaothuae iaoieiaee e o.ae.).
12) Aeia?iaieueoeu, ?aaioathuea a n?aaea ia?eiiaiia,
aeieaeiu ia?eiaee/anee
eioi?ie?iaaoue eo i aiciiaeiuo i?e/eiao ia?aaeice?iaee,
iienaiiuo a
ioieoa 3, iniaaiii aicieeathueo a ia/aea e eiioea
aeaoieneeaoeee.
IIEAOIAss AeAOIENEEAOeEss EEIIEAeEIII,
EEIIEAeEIII/IAEIENIIII E
EEIIEAeEIII/IAEO?AENIIII.
Aiia Oa??a?e, Yieeei Noa?iea?e
Ioaeae oieneeieiaee e eeeie/aneie oa?iaeieiaee Oieaa?neoaoa
a. Iiaeaiu
1.Aaaaeaiea
Oa?aiey, i?aaenoaaeaiiay a yoie aeaaa, o?aaoao ouaoaeueiiai
ioai?a
aieueiuo e no?iaiai iaaeeoeeineiai eiio?iey ca ieie. Yoio
iaoiae ea/aiey
ia yaeyaony i?inoie aeueoa?iaoeaie ea/aieth iaoaaeiiii
(eiaaony a aeaeo
ae?iaiay aeaii?oeiecaoeey iaoaaeiiii, cai?auaiiay a ?innee –
i?ei.
N.A.), ii eiaeeaeaeoaeai e aeieaeai oaeiaeaoai?youe anai
iio?aaiinoyi
ioaeaeueiiai aieueiiai.
I?e auai?a i?ioieiea [aeaoieneeaoeee] iu ?anniao?eaaai:
aieueiiai
(oieneeieiae/aneee aiaiiac, iauaa ninoiyiea, iaiaoiaeeiinoue
ea/aiey,
?ano?nu, iioeaaoeey, ieaiu ia aoaeouaa), i?aia?aou
(niioiioaiea
?ene/yooaeoeaiinoue a oa/aiea ei?ioeiai e aeeeoaeueiiai
ia?eiaea),
oneiaey ea/aiey (iieeeeeieea, aeiaaiie noaoeeiia?, eeeieea,
o/anoeiaue
a?a/, nio?oaeie/anoai /eaiia naiuee).
2. Iaoiaeeea
2.1. Eeiieaeei
Eeiieaeei, i?iecaiaeiia eieaeaciea, yaeyaony naeaeoeaiui
a-2-aae?aiiieiaoeeii, aai i?yiia iacia/aiea – ea/aiea
a?oa?eaeueiie
aeia?oiiee. Iin?aaenoaii noeioeyoeee a -2
aae?aii?aii?aoeaioi?ia
(ia?aoiue caoaao ii?aae?aiaeeia) ii nieaeaao neiiaoe/aneoth
aeia?noeioeyoeeth, i?enouoth iieaoiiio neiae?iio ioiaiu.
Eeiieaeei
eniieuecoaony a aeaea iiiioa?aiee eee a eiiaeiaoeee n
iaeieniiii/iaeo?aeniiii aeey aeaoieneeaoeee eae iaoaaeii-,
oae e
aa?ieicaaeneiuo aieueiuo, oioy a Eoaeee yoe iieacaiey
eeiieaeeia ia
ca?aaeno?e?iaaiu Ieienoa?noaii cae?aaiio?aiaiey (a ?innee
aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii ?aeiiaiaeiaaia Iei.cae?aaii).
Iu iiae/a?eeaaai, /oi eeiieaeei ia noieue yooaeoeaai a
eoie?iaaiee
neiae?iia ioiaiu, eae ii?oei eee iaoaaeii (eoie?iaaiea
iieaoiie
aanoeiaioeee iieaoaie – naiia yooaeoeaiia ea/aiea eci anao
aiciiaeiuo!
– i?ei. N.A.:). Ii ia aicaeaenoaoao ia iieaoiua ?aoeaioi?u,
a oieueei
ia oeaio?aeueioth aae?aia?ae/aneoth nenoaio, eioi?ay
iaoiaeeony a oaniii
acaeiiaeaenoaee n yiaei?oeia?ae/aneie nenoaiie. Ii ia
aucuaaao
aanniiieoeo (iai?ioea, a ia/aea ea/aiey aucuaaao
au?aaeaiioth
niieeainoue i?e eniieueciaaiee aaeaeaaoiuo aeic – i?ei.
N.A.) e
i?eno?anoea, ii nieaeaao /oanoai o?aaiae, aaeeoaoeeth,
iuoa/iua aiee. Ii
iieiinoueth ono?aiyao oioiioo, ?aioo, aeea?ath.
Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii, ii n?aaiaieth n iaoaaeiiii,
aeaao aieaa
au?aaeaiiue neiae?ii ioiaiu ia aieaa aeeeoaeueiue n?ie, e
iniaaiii a
ia?aoth iaaeaeth ea/aiey (iiyoiio ioeacu io ea/aiey a ia/aea
oa?aiee
ano?a/athony /aua, /ai i?e ea/aiee iaoaaeiiii; neiae?ii
ioiaiu e ioeac
io ea/aiey iaaethaeathony iau/ii iinea ia?auo aeiae ea/aiey,
eiaaea aeica
nie?auaaony aei 10 ia/noo. e ieaea. Eniieueciaaiea
eeiieaeeia a
aeaoieneeaoeee ia icia/aao nie?auaiea aeicu iaoaaeiia e
/enea
nii?aaee/aneeo neo/aaa oiio?aaeaiey aa?ieia iaoeeaioaie,
eiathueie
oia?aiioth oece/aneoth caaeneiinoue, eee ia eiathueo aa
aiana (a
iineaaeiai i?aaeeiaeaiee, aeaeeii, iiae?acoiaaaaony, /oi
eeiieaeei ia
i?aaeioa?auaao aiciiaeiuo ia?eioe/aneeo yenoeannia,
iineieueeo ia
nieaeaao aea/aiey e ia?eioeeo – i?ei. N.A.).
2.2.Iaoiaeeea auno?ie aeaoieneeaoeee eeiieaeeiii/iaeieniiii
e
eeiieaeeiii/iaeo?aeniiii.
Iaoiaeeea aace?oaony ia aeaoo eiioeaioeeyo:
1. Caiauaiea yeciaaiiuo iieaoia a niaoeeoe/aneeo ?aoeaioi?ao
yeciaaiiuie iaeieniiii eee iaeo?aeniiii
2. Ea/aiea neiae?iia ioiaiu eeiieaeeiii n iaeiia?aiaiiui
nie?auaieai
aai i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe iaeieniiii/iaeo?aeniiii.
Yoe niiniau ea/aiey i?aaeeiaeaiu aeey aeaoieneeaoeee eae
aa?iei-, oae e
iaoaaeiicaaeneiuo aieueiuo. Ii n?aaiaieth n iiiioa?aieae
eeiieaeeiii,
iie oei?a/eaatho ia?eiae ioiaiu e ia iaino?ytho aai. A
n?aaiaiee n
aeaoieneeaoeeae iaoaaeiiii, yoe iaoiaeu ea/aiey oei?a/eaatho
ia?eiae
aeeneiioi?oa neiae?iia ioiaiu, oioy iee yoiai aeeneiioi?oa
iiaeao auoue e
auoa. (Iie eiatho caaaaioth aiaeeeneoth aaa?aaeaoo?o UROD –
“Ultra
Rapid Opiate Detoxication” e iiaeoiaeyo aeey naiuo
ineoiiaoece?iaaiiuo
ia?eiiaiia. I?aaaea, aeey ianoiyuaai URODa o?aaoaony aua e
aeiiieieoaeueiay eioaineaiay naaeaoeey aa?aeoo?aoaie eee
aaiciaeeacaieiaie – i?ei. N.A.:). Yoe iaoiaeu i?eiaieiu
oaeaea a ia/aea
[i?ioeai?aoeeaeeaiiai] ea/aiey iaeo?aeniiii. Eeiieaeei ia
ono?aiyao
inoaoi/iua yaeaiey neiae?iia ioiaiu, iiyoiio iaoeeaio iiaeao
i?eaaaiooue
e oiio?aaeaieth aa?ieia. I?e ia?i?aeueiii i?eaia iaeo?aeniia
n aieaa
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiui aeaenoaeai aianoi iaeieniia aeieaaea
iieaoiuo
?aoeaioi?ia aieaa aeeeoaeueiay, e aieueiie [n aieueoae
aa?iyoiinoueth]
iiaeao ioeacaoueny io oiio?aaeaiey iieaoia.
Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii e iaeieniiii eiaao oio
iaaeinoaoie, /oi
aucuaaaiue iaeieniiii neiae?ii ioiaiu eeoue /anoe/ii
ono?aiyaony
eeiieaeeiii e aieueiie iiaeao ioeacaoueny io ea/aiey. I?e
eniieueciaaiee
iaeo?aeniia aianoi iaeieniia, neiioiiu ioiaiu eioaineaiu e
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiu e iiaoo iiaea/ue aeaeaiea i?aiaeieaoue
aeieaaeo aaaaeaieai
aieaa aunieeo aeic iieaoia. Iaa auno?ua iaoiaeeee
aeaoieneeaoeee
eeiieaeeiii/iaeieniiii e eeiieaeeiii/iaeo?aeniiii ia iiaoo
eniieueciaaoueny aeey aeinoeaeaiey ninoiyiey naiaiaeiiai io
ia?eioeea
(eiaaony a aeaeo aieaa-iaiaa noieeay ?aienney – i?ei. N.A.),
a
yaeythony eeoue i?iiaaeaaoe/aneeie aeey aaaaeaiey a eo?n
ea/aiey
aioaaiienoaie eee a eo?n ineoioa?aiee.
3.Oeaee
3.1. Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii
A. Iicaieyao i?iaanoe eo?n aeaoieneeaoeee iieaocaaeneiui
aieueiui aac
au?aaeaiiie oece/aneie caaeneiinoe iooai nie?auaiey
neiae?iia ioiaiu
A. Aeaao aiciiaeiinoue i?iaanoe eo?n aeaoieneeaoeee
iieaocaaeneiui
aieueiui n au?aaeaiiie oece/aneie caaeneiinoueth, eiaaea
caianoeoaeueiay
oa?aiey [iaoaaeiiii] ia iieacaia e ia iiaeao auoue
eniieueciaaia aeey
eoie?iaaiey neiae?iia ioiaiu.
3.2. Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii/iaeieniiii
Aeaoieneeaoeey i?ioiaeeo a oa/aiea ei?ioeiai ia?eiaea
a?aiaie, eo/oa a
oneiaeyo
noaoeeiia?a, auno?i ono?aiyaony aeeneiioi?o o
caeioa?aniaaiiuo a
ea/aiee aieueiuo,
nicaeathony oneiaey aeey ia?aoiaea e ea/aieth iaeo?aeniiii e
ineoioa?aiee.
3.3.Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii/iaeo?aeniiii
Nie?auaaony a?aiy, iaiaoiaeeiia aeey ia?aoiaea e ea/aieth
iaeo?aeniiii
caeioa?aniaaiiuo aieueiuo, auno?aa ono?aiyaony aeeneiioi?o
neiae?iia
ioiaiu.
4. E?eoa?ee iacia/aiey
Yoe niiniau ea/aiey iiaoo i?eiaiyony o anao iieaocaaeneiuo
aieueiuo,
oae eae ia aucuaatho caaeneiinoe. Iaeeo/oea ?acoeueoaou
ioia/aee o
aieueiuo n iieiaeeoaeueiie onoaiiaeie ia ea/aiea e
aucaei?iaeaiea ec
oao, eoi aei ia/aea aeaoieneeaoeee iieo/ae caianoeoaeueioth
oa?aieth
iaoaaeiiii a aeica, ia i?aauoathuae 20 ia. Iaoiaeeea auno?ie
aeaoieneeaoeee iaeo?aeniiii i?eiaiyeanue o ia?aie/aiiiai
/enea aieueiuo,
iienaiiua ?aaeeiu aeaoieneeaoeee o?aaotho iinoiyiiiai
iaaeeoeeineiai
iaaethaeaiey e oi?ioae eiiiaoaioiinoe niaoeeaeenoia.
5. Eiio?aeo ia ea/aiea
Aieueiie aeaao niaeanea ia ea/aiea iinea iieo/aiey
en/a?iuaathuae
eioi?iaoeee i oeaeyo aeaoieneeaoeee aac i?eiaiaiey ae?iaiie
aeaii?oeiecaoeee, i niioiioaiee iieueca/?ene aeaiiie
iaoiaeeee, a oaeaea
ia i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo iiiaioao i?iaiaeeiiai ea/aiey.
6.Iaoiaeeea ea/aiey
I/aaeaeii, /oi auno?ay aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii e
aioaaiienoaie
ii?oeia i?iaiaeeony a oneiaeyo noaoeeiia?a. I?iaiaeeeenue
oaeaea
yenia?eiaioaeueiua eo?nu ea/aiey a aeiaaiiai noaoeeiia?a,
aaea aieueiua
aeieaeiu auee iaoiaeeony iiae iaaeeoeeineei iaaethaeaieai ii
e?aeiae ia?a 12
/ania a oa/aiea 2-o ia?auo aeiae ea/aiey. Iau/ii i?eiaiaiea
iiiioa?aiee eeiieaeeiii eee a eiiaeiaoeee n iaeieniiii eee
iaeo?aeniiii o?aaoao no?iaiai iaaeeoeeineiai eiio?iey.
Neaaeoao i?eiyoue
ai aieiaiea oaeaea:
1. Aeiioaiceaiue yooaeo eeiieaeeia o?aaoao iiieoi?eiaa
e?iayiiai
aeaaeaiey a oa/aiea 2 /ania iinea i?eaia aeicu. Anee ia
iiiaio i?eaia
neaaeothuae aeicu aeaaeaiea ieaea 90/60 ii ?o. no., oi aa
neaaeoao
ioeiaeeoue aei iiaeuaia aeaaeaiey.
2. Oae eae i?eai eeiieaeeia aucuaaao oaeaea naaeaoeaiue
yooaeo, oi
aieueiie ioaeaeaaony a nii?iaiaeaeathueo ia iooe a oeaio?
aeaoieneeaoeee;
3. Aieueiie aeieaeai auoue i?ieioi?ie?iaai, /oi
aeai?anneaiia aeaenoaea ia
OeIN naaeaoeaiuo, niioai?iuo n?aaenoa e aeeiaiey iiaeao
auoue oneeaii
iineaaeothuei i?eaiii eeiieaeeia. Eiio?ieue ca oiio?aaeaieai
iaeaaaeueiuo
noanoaioeee e aeeiaiey i?iaiaeeony aaeaaeiaaii ii aiaeecai
ii/e;
4. A neo/aa aeaoieneeaoeee a aiaoeaoi?iuo oneiaeyo eo/oa
ca?o/eoueny
iiaeaea?aeeie aeiaa?aiiiai eeoea [?iaenoaaiieea], eoi aoaeao
eiio?iee?iaaoue
i?eai aeiaaiie aeicu a niioaaonoaee n ninoiyieai, a?aiaiai
i?eaia,
niaethaeaieai iacia/aiiuo aeic (/oi iaiaeiaaaeii aeey
aioaaiienoia –
i?ei. N.A.). Aieaa oiai, aieueiie aeieaeai auoue
i?ieioi?ie?iaai i
iiai/iuo yooaeoao e iaiaoiaeeiuo aeaenoaeyo i?e eo
iiyaeaiee. A
/anoiinoe, aieueiie aeieaeai auoue i?ieioi?ie?iaai, /oi a
neo/aa
aicieeiiaaiey aeiioiiee e niieeainoe neaaeoao ioeiaeeoue
i?eai
eeiieaeeia; (Aieiaiea! Aaaeii! Eeiieaeei ia?aaeei
iioaioee?oao iieaoioth
aeieaaeo aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a; i?eai
ii?oeia/aa?ieia/iaoaaeiia ia oiia
aaeaeaaoiuo aeic eeiieaeeia iiaeao noaoue ?aaeueiie oa?icie
aeey aeecie
aieueiiai – i?ei. N.A.).
5. Iniaia aieiaiea aeieaeii auoue oaeaeaii iiaeai?o
ia/aeueiie aeicu
eeiieaeeia
(iniaaiii a neo/aa aeaoieneeaoeee aa?ieicaaeneiiai
aieueiiai), oae eae
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay ?aaeoeey neeueii aa?uee?oao. Iiaeae?aaony
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay
yooaeoeaiay aeica, niiniaiay aeiee?iaaoue neiae?ii ioiaiu e
aucaaoue
ieieioi iiai/iuo ?aaeoeee (a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue neaaeoao
ecaaaaoue
aieiaie?oaeaiey, aeiioiiee e ieanoaiee – i?ei. N.A.).
Eanaoaeueii i?eiaiaiey iaeieniia eee iaeo?aeniia aeey
auno?ie
aeaoieneeaoeee: iieacaiey, i?ioeaiiieacaiey,
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey iienaiu
aeey iaeieniia a aeaaa 1 a ?acaeaea “Nenoaiiue iaeieniiiaue
oano”, aeey
iaeo?aeniia – a aeaaa 6 a ?acaeaea “Ea/aiea iaeo?aeniiii”.
Iu
ioia/aee iiyaeaiea neiae?iia ioiaiu nionoy ianeieueei ieioo
iinea
aaaaeaiey iaeieniia e nionoy 5-45 ieioo iinea aaaaeaiey
iaeo?aeniia a
noaiaie, i?iii?oeeiiaeueiie o?iaith caaeneiinoe.
Aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaey
iaeieniia caaenaea io niiniaa aaaaeaiey: i?e aioo?eaaiiii
aaaaeaiee –
aei 30 ieioo, i?e aioo?eiuoa/iii e iiaeeiaeiii aaaaeaiee –
aei 2-3 /ania.
A neo/aa iaeo?aeniia neiioiiu ioiaiu iaaethaeaeenue aeaaea
/a?ac 72 /ana
iinea i?eaia i?aia?aoa. *oiau iioeiece?iaaoue aeico
eeiieaeeia,
iaiaoiaeei iiieoi?eia oyaeanoe neiae?iia ioiaiu aei e iinea
aaaaeaiey
aioaaiienoia ii?oeia, n eniieueciaaieai oeaeo Alanhlo eee
Wang (aeaaa
1, “Nenoaiiue iaeieniiiaue oano”). I?ioieieu aeaoieneeaoeee,
eioi?ua
i?eaaaeaiu a oaaeeoeao 1,2,3,4 e 5, aeieaeiu auoue
aaeaioe?iaaiu e
eiie?aoiiio aieueiiio e aai ?aaeoeee ia ea/aiea. Iieacii
aaanoe a
noaio ea/aiey aaiciaeeacaieiu, /oiau ono?aieoue aanniiieoeo
e iuoa/iue
aeeneiioi?o.
7.I?ioeaiiieacaiey e niaoeeaeueiua i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
*oiau naanoe aei ieieioia iiai/iua yooaeou, iaiaoiaeeii
ouaoaeueii
iiaeae?aoue eiioeiaaio aieueiuo, eneeth/eoue niiaoe/aneeo e
ineoe/anee
aieueiuo, aa?aiaiiuo e eaeoe?othueo aeaiuei. A /anoiinoe,
aeieaeiu auoue
eneeth/aiu aieueiua, no?aaeathuea na?aea/ii-ninoaeenouie
caaieaaaieyie,
oecio?aieae, aeai?anneae, yiioeeiiaeueiuie ?anno?ienoaaie;
aieueiua,
iieo/aaoea ea/aiea eiaeaeoi?aie IAI, o?eoeeeee/aneeie
aioeaeai?annaioaie, oaiioeaceiaie a i?aaeoanoaiaaaoea 2
iaaeaee;
aeeiaieeee e ceioiio?aaeythuea niioai?iuie n?aaenoaaie.
Iaeaieaa /anoi
iaaethaeaaiua iiai/iua yooaeou eeiieaeeia: aeiioiiey,
nooinoue ai ?oo
(40%), aieiaie?oaeaiea (16%), caoi?iiaeaiiinoue, caii?u
(10%), anoaiey,
niieeainoue. Iaiaa /anou: aii?aeney, iaaeiiiaaiea, oioiioa e
?aioa,
eioia?u, aaeethoeeiaoeee, aeaee?ee.
Iaeaieaa iai?eyoiie aeey aieueiuo n eaea?noaaiiie
caaeneiinoueth
yaeyaony aanniiieoea (eioi?ay aiana ia yaeyaony iiai/iui
yooaeoii
eeiieaeeia – i?ei. N.A.). Iia o?oaeii ia?aiineony eie,
yaeyaony
i?e/eiie iaino?aiey ae?oaeo neiioiiia a ia?eiae ioiaiu e
o?aaoao
ea/aiey, iai?eia?, aaiciaeeacaieiaie ei?ioeiai aeaenoaey.
Iaiiieiaai, /oi ea/aiea eeiieaeeiii aeieaeii auoue caaa?oaii
a oa/aiea
24 aeiae
iinoaiaiiui nieaeaieai aeicu. ?aceay ioiaia eeiieaeeia
iiaeao aucaaoue
ia?aiciinoue, aaeeoaoeeth, aieiaioth aieue. Ia?aaeice?iaea
eeiieaeeia
i?eaiaeeo e aeiioiiee, a?aaeeea?aeee, oaiaoaieth OeIN e
aeuoaiey,
aeiioa?iee, ieico, aiiieaenee [eoaie/aneiio einoeueoo?],
niieeainoe,
eaoa?aee, a?eoiee.
Ea/aiea ia?aaeice?iaee aeeth/aao: eiooceiiioth iaa?oceo,
ia?aaiae
iaoeeaioa a iieiaeaiea “aieiaa aiec, iiae aaa?o”, aaaaeaiea
aeiiaieia
(io 2 aei 20 iea/ea/iei.) eee oieacieeia. Oieacieei –
a-aae?aiiaeieaoi?, yaeyaony niaoeeoe/aneei aioeaeioii
eeiieaeeia,
aaiaeeony a/a ii 10 ia eaaeaeua 30 ieioo (ieoa?neea
oieneeieiae a oao
aea oeaeyo i?eiaiytho iaoaeeii?aieae (oea?oeae) a
ia?anoathueo aeice?iaeao
io 10 ia aei iieo/aiey yooaeoa – i?ei. N.A.). I?e
ia?aaeice?iaea
iaeieniia eee iaeo?aeniia iaiaoiaeeii neiioiiaoe/aneia
ea/aiea e
iiieoi?eia. Ia?aaeice?iaea iaeo?aeniia iiaeao i?eaanoe
oaeaea e
ia?ooaieyi iaiyoe.
Oaaeeoea 5.1 Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii ia?i?aeueii
(iaoaaeiicaaeneiua aieueiua, Eleber, 1981).
AeieEeiieaeei ia?i?aeueii
8.0016.0023.00
16 iea/ea 6 iea/ea
n 2 ii 107 iea/ea3 iea/ea 7 iea/ea
113 iea/ea2 iea/ea4 iea/ea
122 iea/ea 1 iea/ea 2 iea/ea
13 1 iea/ea 1 iea/ea
Oaaeeoea 5.2 Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii ia?i?aeueii
(aa?ieicaaeneiua aieueiua, iiaeeoeeaoeey Elabar, 1981).
AeieEeiieaeei
n 1 ii III eee IV io 16 aei 20 iea/ea,
?acaeaeaiiuo ia 3
aeicu a 8 , 16 e 23 /ana
n IV eee V ii
VI eee VII aeaiueieaaiia nieaeaiea aeicu aei
i?ae?auaiey
ea/aiey
Oaaeeoea 5.3 Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii e iaeieniiii
(Riordan,
Kleber1980)
AeieI?aia?aou
1-eeeiieaeei 0,1 ia 3 ?aca a aeaiue /eaaeaeua 8
/ania/
2-eeeiieaeei io 0,2 aei 0.Cia 3 ?aca a aeaiue;
iaeienii
0.2ia, caoai 0,3 ia, caoai 0,4 ia 3 ?aca
eaaeaeua 2 /ana.
3-eeeiieaeei io 0,2 aei 0.Cia 3 ?aca a aeaiue.
Iaeienii
0.8ia a/i eaaeaeua 2 /ana 5 ?ac.
4-eiaeienii 0.4ia a/i eae oano-aeica. Anee
neiae?ii ioiaiu
ia iaaethaeaaony, ia/eiatho ea/aiea
iaeo?aeniiii. Anee
iaeo?aenii ia i?aaeoniio?ai, ea/aiea
inoaiaaeeaatho ia 3-e
aeaiue.
Oaaeeoea 4. Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii e iaeo?aeniiii
(iaoaaeiicaaeneiua aieueiua, Nhaa1ao e ae?., 1986).
Aeaiue Eeiieaeei per os a aeaiueIaeo?aenii (NTX) per os a
aeaiue
1 5-10iea/ea (9.00, 15.00, 21.00)
2 5-10iea/ea (eaaeaeua 4 /ana)1ia eaaeaeua 4
/ana (ia iicaea
17.00)
3 5-10iea/ea (eaaeaeua 4 /ana)2 ia eaaeaeua 4
/ana (ia iicaea
17.00)
4 5-10iea/ea (eaaeaeua 8 /an.)10 ia a 9.00,
13.00, 17.00
5 oieueei i?e iio?aaiinoe 50 ia a 9 /ania
6-10 eae a 5 aeaiue eae a 5 aeaiue
Ia?aay aeica eeiieaeeia ninoaaeyao 5 iea/ea, iineaaeothuea
aeicu
iiaeae?atho enoiaey ec o?iaiy ioiaiu e iiai/iuo yooaeoia.
Ii?aaeaeytho
o?iaaiue ioiaiu ia?aae eaaeaeui aaaaeaieai iaeo?aeniia
AEaeaoaeueia
ainieoaeecaoeey ia?aua 3 aeiy, oae neiae?ii ioiaiu eiaao iee
ia 2-3
aeaiue.
Oaaeeoea 5.5 Aeaoieneeaoeey eeiieaeeiii e iaeo?aeniiii
(iaoaaeii- e aa?ieicaaeneiua aieueiua,
Margolin A., Koster T.R, 1991)
1-e aeaiue a) eeiieaeei 0,2 ia ia?i?aeueii a 9 /an, e aeaeaa
eaaeaeua 4 /ana aei aeicu 1,0 ia. Iiieoi?eia AAe
eaaeaeua 15
ieioo a oa/aiea 1 /ana, caoai eaaeaeua 30 ieioo
a oa/aiea
6 /ania.
a) ienacaiai 15-30 ia ia?i?aeueii a 9 /ania,
caoai 15-30
ia eaaeaeua 6 /ania aei aeicu 90 ia. Aieaa
aunieay ia/aeueiay
aeica auaaao iaiaoiaeeia, /oiau eiio?iee?iaaoue
niaciu
iuooe, aucaaiiua iaeo?aeniiii.
a) iaeo?aenii 12,5 ia ia?i?aeueii a 10 /ania.
2-e aeaiue Eae a ia?aue aeaiue, ca eneeth/aieai
iaeo?aeniia,
eioi?ue aaiaeyo a aeica 25 ia.
3-e e 4-e aeieEae a 1-e e 2-e aeie, ca
eneeth/aieai
iaeo?aeniia, eioi?ue aaiaeyo a aeica 50 ia.
Aeica eeiieaeeia
e ienacaiaia aeieaeia iinoaiaiii oiaiueoaoueny
aei
i?ae?auaiey ea/aiey ia 5 aeaiue.
Ia/eiay n 4 aeiy aieueiie iieo/aao aeiee?othuoth
aeico
iaeo?aeniia, /oiau ia?aeoe e ea/aieth yoei
i?aia?aoii.
OA?AIEss IAEO?AENIIII
Aaaaeaiea
Oa?aiey iaeo?aeniiii (eiieo?aioiue aioaaiieno iieaoiuo
?aoeaioi?ia
aeey ia?i?aeueiiai i?eaia n aeeeoaeueiui aeaenoaeai)
eniieuecoaony
iaeiia?aiaiii n ineoioa?aieae aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey ioeaca io
aa?ieia
(iaiiaeiaea ea/aiey aeeiaieecia “Ynia?aeai”). A ia?eiae
ea/aiey o
aieueiiai oi?ie?oaony iiceoeaiay yiioeeiiaeueiay, o?oaeiaay
e nioeeaeueiay
iioeaaoeey aeey ia/aea iiaie aeecie. Ea/aiea iaeo?aeniiii ia
aeieaeii
i?iaiaeeoueny eciee?iaaii io anaai eiiieaena
?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee. Iaeiie ec aeaaiuo i?iaeai oa?aiee iaeo?aeniiii
yaeyaony
niaeaoaiea i ea/aiee. Yoio i?aia?ao ia i?iecaiaeeo
i/aaeaeiiai
yooaeoa, ii aai ioiaia naycaia n iai?eyoiuie iineaaenoaeyi.
Ia?aiineiinoue iaeo?aeniia o aieueiuo n iieaoiie
caaeneiinoueth
cia/eoaeueii ooaea, /ai aaiienoia (iai?eia?, iaoaaeiia). A
ia/aea
ea/aiey iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau ?iaenoaaiieee eee ae?ocuey
aieueiiai
aeiaa?eoaeueii iiaiai?eee n iei n oeaeueth oaaaeeoue aai a
iaiaoiaeeiinoe
ea/aiey iaeo?aeniiii. A caeeth/aiea iaiaoiaeeii neacaoue,
/oi o?oaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue eciee?iaaiioth yooaeoeaiinoue iaeo?aeniia a
i?aiaeieaiee
eaea?noaaiiie caaeneiinoe.
1.Oeaee
a) Iiaeaea?aeea ioeaca io iieaoia n oeaeueth i?aiaeieaiey
oece/aneie
caaeneiinoe;
a) Aeeeoaeueiay iiaeaea?aeea eo?na ineoioa?aiee e
?aaaeeeoaoeee,
a) Oi?ie?iaaiea o aieueiiai onoaiiaee ia iiaoth aeeciue,
naiaiaeioth io
ia?eioeea.
2.E?eoa?ee iacia/aiey
Iacia/aiea iaeo?aeniia aa?ieicaaeneiui aieueiui, eiathuei
oece/aneoth
caaeneiinoue, iiaeao aucaaoue neiae?ii ioiaiu nionoy 1-2
/ana iinea
i?eaia, iiyoiio ea/aiea iaeo?aeniiii aeieaeii ia/eiaoueny
oieueei iinea
caaa?oaiey aeaoieneeaoeee. Oioy oa?aiey iaeo?aeniiii iiaeao
auoue
iacia/aia ethaiio iieaocaaeneiiio aieueiiio, eo/oea
?acoeueoaou
aeinoeaathony o caeioa?aniaaiiuo a ea/aiee iaoeeaioia n
aunieei
eoeueoo?iui e i?ioanneiiaeueiui o?iaiai, eiaaea ea/aiea
iaeo?aeniiii
inouanoaeyaony a eiiieaena n ineoioa?aieae e
?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiuie
ia?ii?eyoeyie e a nio?oaeie/anoaa n ?iaenoaaiieeaie
aieueiiai.
3.Niaeaoaiea i ea/aiee
Aieueiie aeieaeai aeaoue niaeanea ia ea/aiea iinea oiai, eae
ii aoaeao
iieiinoueth i?ieioi?ie?iaai i oeaeyo ea/aiey, i iieueca e
?enea aeaiiiai
iaoiaea ea/aiey. Anee e ea/aieth i?eaeaeathony ?iaenoaaiieee
eee
aeiaa?aiiua eeoea aieueiiai, oi iie oaeaea aeieaeiu aeaoue
niaeanea
o/anoaiaaoue a i?iaaaeaiee ea/aiey. Aieaa oiai, eae
aieueiie, oae e
?iaenoaaiieee i?eieiatho ia naay iaycaoaeuenoai no?iai
neaaeiaaoue
iaiai?aiiie i?ioeaaeo?a ea/aiey.
3.1.Noaia niaeaoaiey i ea/aiee.
Aeieaeiu auoue inaauaiu neaaeothuea ioieou:
Oeaee ea/aiey
Eiio?ieue ca i?ioeaaeo?ie i?eaia iaeo?aeniia
I?e/eiu, eioi?ua iiaoo i?eaanoe e eciaiaieth ea/aiey eee
ioeaco
io ea/aiey,
Ieieiaeueiay i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue eo?na ea/aiey,
Aeeeoaeueiinoue e oneiaey eiio?iey oiea?aioiinoe e
iaeo?aeniio
(eeeie/aneea e eaai?aoi?iua oanou)
Iaoiaeeea eiio?iey ii/e (aeey auyaeaiey neo/aaa
oiio?aaeaiey
ia?eioeeia – i?ei. N.A.)
Iienaiea e oneiaey i?iaaaeaiey ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneie e
?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiie i?ia?aii iaeiia?aiaiii n ea/aieai
iaeo?aeniiii
Eiio?ieue ?iaenoaaiieeia eee ae?oaeo aeiaa?aiiuo eeoe ca
auiieiaieai
aeinoeaiooiai niaeaoaiey i ea/aiee.
Ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia oa?iaeieiae/aneie,
ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneie e
?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiie i?ia?aii
Caaa?oaiea oa?aiee iaeo?aeniiii.
3.2.Ioeaee e i?ae?auaiea ea/aiey aac aeinoeaeaiey oeaee.
I?ae?auaiea ea/aiey iiaeao noaoue iaiaoiaeeiui i?e
neaaeothueo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao:
a) Aieueiie iuoaaony i?aiaeieaoue aeieaaeo iieaoiuo
?aoeaioi?ia, iiaoi?ii
ceioiio?aaeyao eieaeiii, aeeiaieai, niioai?iuie, ae?oaeie
i?aia?aoaie, aieaa ia nio?oaeie/aao n a?a/ii a i?iaaaeaiee
ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneie e ?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiie i?ia?aii. Ea/aiea
iiaeao auoue
ia/aoi caiiai oieueei i?e iiaoi?iie iieiie ia?aioeaiea
neooaoeee n
aeaaii?eyoiuie auaiaeaie.
a) Ino?ue aaiaoeo eee aa?aiaiiinoue.
a) Iiyaeaiea iiai/iuo yooaeoia i?aia?aoa, eioi?ua ia
ia?aiinyony
aieueiui eee i?aaenoaaeytho oa?ico aai caei?iaueth ii
iiaieth a?a/a.
4.Iaoiaeeea ea/aiey
Ea/aiea iaeo?aeniiii aeieaeii i?iaiaeeoueny iiae
i?enoaeueiui
eiio?ieai a?a/a.
Iaiaoiaeeii ecaanoeoue o/anoeiaiai a?a/a i i?iaiaeeiii
ea/aiee.
Ea/aiea aeieaeii auoue ia/aoi a noaoeeiia?a, iniaaiii
anee aio
i?aaeoanoaiaaea auno?ay aeaoieneeaoeey
eeiieaeeiii/iaeieniiii eee
eeiieaeeiii/iaeo?aeniiii.
*oiau ecaaaeaoue ino?iai neiae?iia ioiaiu, ea/aiea
aeieaeii
ia/eiaoueny iinea ieieiaeueiiai eioa?aaea (7aeiae nionoy
iineaaeiaai
i?eaia aa?ieia e 10 aeiae nionoy iineaaeiaai i?eaia
iaoaaeiia, a
oaeaea iinea iieo/aiey iaaaoeaiiai ?acoeueoaoa ia
iaee/ea iieaoia
e iaoaaeiia a ii/a). Iaiaoiaeeii oaaaeeoueny, /oi
aieueiie ia oieueei
aeaoieneoee?iaai (ionoonoaea ii?oeia a ii/a), ii e
i?iaanoe
iaeieniiiaoth i?iao ia ionoonoaea oece/aneie
caaeneiinoe.
Ea/aiea iaeo?aeniiii ia/eiatho oieueei anee iaeieniiiaay
i?iaa
io?eoeaoaeueiay.
4.1. Ia/aei aaaaeaiey iaeo?aeniia.
Iinea aeaoieneeaoeee eeiieaeeiii, iienaiiie a aeaaa 5,
ia/eiatho
aaaaeaiea iaeo?aeniia ii iaeiie ec neaaeothueo iaoiaeee:
Aaiaeyo 10 ia iaeo?aeniia a ia?aue aeaiue, a
iineaaeothuea 5-7 aeiae
iiauoatho aeico aaeaaeiaaii ia 10 ia aei aeinoeaeaiey
yooaeoeaiie
nooi/iie aeicu 50 ia/aeaiue, niiniaiie aeiee?iaaoue 25
ia aa?ieia ia
24 /ana i?e aioo?eaaiiii aaaaeaiee;
Aaiaeyo 25 ia iaeo?aeniia a ia?aue aeaiue iiae eiio?ieai
a?a/a a
oa/aiea 1 /ana, i?e ionoonoaee i?eciaeia neiae?iia
ioiaiu aaiaeyo
inoaaoothny /anoue yooaeoeaiie aeicu.
4.2.Noaia iiaeaea?aeeaathuaai ea/aiey iaeo?aeniiii
Aiciiaeiia aaaaeaiea:
-50 ia/aeaiue;
-50 ia/aeaiue n iiiaaeaeueieea aei iyoieoeu e 100
ia/aeaiue a
aine?anaiuea,
-100 ia /a?ac aeaiue;
-100 ia a iiiaaeaeueiee e n?aaeo e 150 ia a iyoieoeo.
Noaia aaaaeaiey, aua?aiiay a?a/ii, aeieaeia aa?aioe?iaaoue
aeieaaeo
?aoeaioi?ia a eioa?aaeao iaaeaeo aaaaeaieyie e
niioaaonoaiaaoue
aeinoeaiooiio niaeaoaieth i ea/aiee. Aaoi?u ia ?aniieaaatho
naaaeaieyie
i eiio?iee?oaiuo enneaaeiaaieyo n i?eiaiaieai ae?oaeo aeic.
Ia?aae
ia/aeii ea/aiey iaiaoiaeeii i?iaaaeaiea 6-oeiany/iiai
aeioeie/aneiai e
eeeie/aneiai eaai?aoi?iuo enneaaeiaaiee, n aeoeaioii ia
iieacaoaee
ooieoeee ia/aie (ca yoi a?aiy ia?eiiai iiaeao oia?aoue io
ia?aaeice?iaee
eee io/ayiey, a ?iaenoaaiieee i?aaeaaeoo Aan noaeo Eei/a –
i?ei. N.A.),
Ia i?ioyaeaiee ea/aiey iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue eaai?aoi?iue
eiio?ieue
ii/e, /oiau iiaeoaa?aeeoue ioeac io ceioiio?aaeaiey
aa?ieiii,
aeeiaieai, eieaeiii.
5.I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ea/aiey
I/aaeaeii, /oi onoaiiaeoue iioeiaeueiue ia?eiae ea/aiey aeey
anao aieueiuo
neiaeii. Ieieiaeueiay i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ea/aiey,
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiay
eeeie/aneeie enneaaeiaaieyie, 6 ianyoeaa. Ieii/aiea ea/aiey,
i?e
ionoonoaee i?iaeai ni caei?iaueai iaoeeaioa, aeieaeii auoue
ianoaeaeaii n
iei e aai ?iaenoaaiieeaie eee aeiaa?aiiui eeoeii.
6.I?ioeaiiieacaiey e niaoeeaeueiua i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
I?eiaiaiea iaeo?aeniia i?ioeaiiieacaii a neaaeothueo
neooaoeeyo:
Iieaocaaeneiua aieueiua i?aaeaa?eoaeueii ia
aeaoieneoee?iaaiu;
Ai a?aiy neiae?iia ioiaiu;
O aieueiuo, ia i?ioaaeoeo iaeieniiiaoth i?iao,
I?e iaee/ee i?iecaiaeiuo ii?oeia a ii/a aieueiiai;
Ino?ue aaiaoeo e ae?oaea caaieaaaiey ia/aie;
Aeia?/oanoaeoaeueiinoue e iaeo?aeniio a aiaiiaca;
Aa?aiaiiinoue.
A ae?oaeo neooaoeeyo, e?iia oiiiyioouo auoa, ia?aiineiinoue
iaeo?aeniia
oi?ioay.
Iaeaieaa /anouie iiai/iuie yooaeoaie i?e i?eiaiaiee
iaeo?aeniia
yaeythony ia?ooaiea nia, o?aaiaa, aieiaiua aiee, aiee a
iaeanoe
aeeaioa. Ioia/aiu neo/ae i?aoiaeyuaai ia?ooaiey ia/aii/iuo
ooieoeee i?e
i?aauoaiee aeic, aeinoaoi/iuo aeey aeieaaeu iieaoiuo
?aoeaioi?ia.
Iaeo?aenii yaeyaony eiieo?aioiui aioaaiienoii iieaoiuo
?aoeaioi?ia.
Iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeoi?aaeeoue aieueiiai, /oi iiiuoea
i?aiaeieaoue aeieaaeo
aaaaeaieai aieaa aunieeo aeic ii?oeia iiaeao i?eaanoe a
eaoaeueiiio
enoiaeo. Aieueiiai neaaeoao niaaaeeoue aeieoiaioii,
eioi?ie?othuei, /oi ii
iaoiaeeony ia ea/aiee iaeo?aeniiii (ia neo/ae n?i/iie
ainieoaeecaoeee
e iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?eiaiaiey iieaoiuo aiaeueaaoeeia).
Aeieoiaio n
iienaieai oa?aiee iaeo?aeniiii aeieaeai iaoiaeeony i?e
aieueiii
iinoiyiii.
Oaeaea aieueiie aeieaeai auoue i?ieioi?ie?iaai ia oaaee/aiee
/oanoaeoaeueiinoe e i?iecaiaeiui ii?oeia, ia neo/ae, anee ii
?aoeo
i?a?aaoue ea/aiea iaeo?aeniiii e aiiaue aa?iooueny e i?eaio
iieaoia.
Ea/aiea iaeioi?uo yeno?aiiuo ninoiyiee
A. Iniiaiua ?aaieiaoeeiiiua ia?ii?eyoey. I?eciaee
eeeie/aneie nia?oe
(inoaiiaee aeuoaiey e e?iaiia?auaiey) – ionoonoaea
aeuoaoaeueiuo
aeaeaeaiee e ioeuena ia e?oiiuo a?oa?eyo. Iniiaiua
?aaieiaoeeiiiua
ia?ii?eyoey iicaieytho eneonnoaaiii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue
e?iaiia?auaiea e
aaioeeyoeeth eaaeeo. Yoe ia?ii?eyoey aeaeyo ia 10 yoaiia,
eioi?ua iiaeii
iauaaeeieoue a 3 a?oiiu – iiaeaea?aeaiea i?ioiaeeiinoe
aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae,
aeuoaiey e e?iaiia?auaiey.
1. Iiaeaea?aeaiea i?ioiaeeiinoe aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae
a. Oaaaeeoueny a oii, /oi aieueiie aac niciaiey, aeey /aai
inoi?iaeii
iio?ynoe aai.
a. Anee niciaiea ionoonoaoao, oi aucaaoue ?aaieiaoeeiiioth
a?eaaaeo.
a. Iieiaeaiea ?aaieie?oaiiai – eaaea ia nieia, ia oaa?aeie
ieineie
iiaa?oiinoe (anee a e?iaaoe – oi ia ueoa).
a. Iieiaeaiea ?aaieiaoi?a – ia eieaiyo eee noiy naieo io
?aaieie?oaiiai, ia o?iaia aai iea/: oae oaeiaiaa i?iaiaeeoue
EAE ?io a
?io e iai?yiie iannaae na?aeoea.
ae. Iaania/aiea i?ioiaeeiinoe aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae. A
ionoonoaea o?aaiu
oaeiiai ioaeaea iicaiii/ieea – ia?a?aciaiooue aieiao. I?e
iiaeic?aiee
ia o?aaio oaeiiai ioaeaea iicaiii/ieea – auaeaeiooue aia?aae
ieaeithth
/aethnoue, aieiao ia cai?ieeaeuaaoue.
2. Iiaeaea?aeaiea aeuoaiey
a. Oaaaeeoueny a oii, /oi naiinoiyoaeueiiai aeuoaiey iao.
I?eciaee
naiinoiyoaeueiiai aeuoaiey – aeuoaoaeueiua aeaeaeaiey e
auaeuoaiea aicaeooa,
eioi?ia iiaeii oneuoaoue eee ii/oanoaiaaoue eaaeiiueth.
6. EAE i?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa i?iaiaeeoue n iiiiuueth ianee, ii
aiciiaeii e
iaoiaeii ?io a ?io e ?io a iin. Nia/aea aeaeatho aeaa
aeoaieeo aaeoaaiey
(i?iaeieaeay iiaeaea?aeeaaoue i?ioiaeeiinoue aeuoaoaeueiuo
iooae), i?e yoii
aeieaeiu iiyaeoueny ianneaiua aeaeaeaiey a?oaeiie noaiee.
3. Iiaeaea?aeaiea e?iaiia?auaiey
a. Oaaaeeoueny a oii, /oi ioeuena iao, iooai iaeueiaoeee
niiiuo a?oa?ee a
oa/aiea 5 n.
a. Aucaaoue ?aaieiaoeeiiioth a?eaaaeo.
a. Iai?yiie iannaae na?aeoea. Anee ?aaieiaoi? iaeei, oi ia
eaaeaeua 15
iaaeaaeeaaiee ia a?oaeioth eeaoeo aeieaeii i?eoiaeeoueny 2
aaeoaaiey, anee
?aaieiaoi?ia aeaia, oi niioiioaiea – 5:1.
A. Niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua ?aaieiaoeeiiiua ia?ii?eyoey
(iaiaoiaeeii auoue a
eo?na iineaaeieo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee).
A. Eiia
1. I?e/eiu eiiu e ae?oaeo ino?uo ia?ooaiee niciaiey iiaeii
?acaeaeeoue
ia 2 a?oiiu: aeeooociia oiene/aneia eee iaoaaiee/aneia
ii?aaeaiea OeIN
e i/aaiaia i?aaie/aneia ii?aaeaiea OeIN. Onoaiiaeoue
yoeieiaeth eiiu
iaaei aac i?iiaaeeaiey, oae eae oiene/aneia eee
iaoaaiee/aneia
ii?aaeaiea OeIN ea/ao oa?aiaaoe/anee, a i/aaiaia ii?aaeaiea
iiaeao
iio?aaiaaoue iae?ioe?o?ae/aneiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa.
2. Ia?aii/a?aaeiua ia?u – yoi iniiaiua ?aaieiaoeeiiiua
ia?ii?eyoey e
noaaeeecaoeey aeeciaiii aaaeiuo ooieoeee. N ia?auo ieioo
iaiaoiaeeii
neaaeeoue ca oaiia?aoo?ie, /anoioie aeuoaiey, *NN e
na?aea/iui ?eoiii,
aiciiaeiui iiyaeaieai i?eciaeia oiea. I?e iiaeic?aiee ia
o?aaio
oaeiiai ioaeaea iicaiii/ieea eiiiaeeece?otho oath. Iinea
oiai eae
iaania/aiu i?ioiaeeiinoue aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae, aaioeeyoeey
eaaeeo e .
ieneaaiaoeey e?iae, onoaiaaeeaatho aaiiciue eaoaoa? e aa?oo
e?iaue ia
iauee, aeioeie/aneee (aetheica, yeaeo?ieeou, AIE, e?aaoeiei,
aaciaue
ninoaa) e oieneeieiae/aneee aiaeec, a oii /enea ia
aeeiaieue.
?aaeno?e?otho YEA aeey auyaeaiey ia?ooaiee ?eoia e
i?iaiaeeiinoe
na?aeoea. Ii aiciiaeiinoe ii?aaeaeytho o?iaaiue aetheicu n
iiiiuueth
oano-iieinie. Anee o?iaaiue aetheicu iaecaanoai eee auyaeaia
aeiiaeeeaiey, aaiaeyo 50 ie 50% aetheicu a/a. I?e
iiieaeaiiii ieoaiee
(i?e aeeiaieecia, aeeiaioa?iuo aeeno?ioeyo) aeey
i?ioeeaeoeee
yioeaoaeiiaoee Aa?ieea aaiaeyo 100 ia oeaieia a/i eee a/a
(ni.
Aeeiaieueiue aanoeiaioiue neiae?ii). Aaiaeyo oaeaea
iaeienii, 2 ia a/a,
a i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe (io?aaeaiea aaiciaeeacaieiaie) –
aioaaiieno
aaiciaeeacaieiia oeoiacaiee (ni. i. V.A.3).
3. Niae?atho aiaiiac o ?iaenoaaiieeia, ae?ocae, a?a/ae
nei?ie iiiiue,
ea/auaai a?a/a. Iaeaaeaeo, aaue, iiiauaiea iniao?eaatho ia
i?aaeiao aiioe
n eaea?noaaiiuie i?aia?aoaie. Anee eino?oeoeey ii
i?eiaiaieth
i?aia?aoa iaienaia ia iieiinoueth eee ia?acai?/eai,
iaiaoiaeeii
naycaoueny n aioaeie e oi/ii auynieoue niaea?aeaiea yoie
eino?oeoeee.
Auyniytho, ia auei ee o aieueiiai iaanoanoaaiiuo aeaeaeaiee,
noaei?ia,
o?aai, eaeea eaea?noaaiiua n?aaenoaa e ieuo ii i?eieiae,
eaeeie
o?iie/aneeie caaieaaaieyie no?aaeaao (naoa?iue aeeaaao e o.
i.).
4. A i?ioeanna oeceeaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey iaeaaeeaatho
iiieoi?eia
iniiaiuo oeceieiae/aneeo iieacaoaeae, eoie?otho ia?ooaiey
?eoia
na?aeoea, noaaeeece?otho aaioeeyoeeth eaaeeo. Iniiaiua yoaiu
oeceeaeueiiai
enneaaeiaaiey:
a. Ia?oaeiue iniio?: i?eciaee o?aaiu (nnaaeeiu, ooeau, ?aiu,
ia?aeiiu), neaaeu eiuaeoeee eee ae?oaeo niiniaia aaaaeaiey
i?aia?aoia.
Aeia?aiey eiaee, iocu?e ?aciuo ?acia?ia aiciiaeiu i?e
io?aaeaiee
aa?aeoo?aoaie e oaa?iui aacii, a oaeaea a ?acoeueoaoa
aeeeoaeueiiai
naeaaeaiey. I?iaiaeyo iniio? aa?aaaiiuo ia?aiiiie (i?e
ia?aeiia
iniiaaiey /a?aia aiciiaeii neiieaiea e?iae a n?aaeiai ooa).
a. Aeeaaiic aeeiaieueiie eiiu iaeuecy noaaeoue ia iniiaaiee
iaeiiai
oieueei caiaoa aeeiaiey eci ?oa.
a. Na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoay nenoaia. A?oa?eaeueiay aeia?oiiey
iiaeao auoue
eae naiinoiyoaeueiui caaieaaaieai, oae e neiioiiii
aioo?e/a?aiiie
aeia?oaicee (iai?eia?, i?e aioo?e/a?aiiii e?iaieceeyiee) eee
ia?aaeice?iaee aae?a-ia?ae/aneeo n?aaenoa. ?anno?ienoaa
niciaiey
aiciiaeiu i?e oaoe- e a?aaeea?eoieyo, eiaaea iaaeaao
na?aea/iue aua?in.
I?e o?iiaica eaaiai aeaeoaei/ea aiciiaeia yiaieey iicaiauo
ninoaeia.
a. I?e aaiaoiiaaaeee e anoeeoa neaaeoao caiiaeic?eoue
ia/aii/ioth
cioeaoaeiiaoeth.
ae. Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea aeiaeieiae/aneia e ?aeoaeueiia
enneaaeiaaiea (ia
i?aaeiao e?iaioa/aiey, eii?iaeiuo oae, iauaiiuo ia?aciaaiee,
ainiaeaiey).
5. Iaa?ieiae/aneia ianeaaeiaaiea. Ii?aaeaeytho o?iaaiue
niciaiey,
aeoaeio e ?eoi aeuoaiey, aeeaiao?, neiiao?e/iinoue, oi?io e
?aaeoeee
c?a/eia, ieoeiaanoeaoey?iua ?aoeaenu, aeaeaaoaeueiua
?aoeaenu e
niiioaiiua aeaeaeaiey. Oaeia ianeaaeiaaiea iicaieyao
aeiaieueii oi/ii
ioeaieoue ninoiyiea OeIN, a eiiaaea e caiiaeic?eoue iauaiiia
ia?aciaaiea.
I?e iaoaaiee/aneie eiia c?a/ee iau/ii oceea eee n?aaeieo
?acia?ia, ia
naao ?aaae?otho. Aieciei?ey e aneiiao?e/iinoue c?a/eiauo
?aaeoeee
aiciiaeiu a neaaeothueo neo/ayo: 1) o?aaia aeaca; 2)
caeaiuaaiea
i?aia?aoia, aeeythueo ia aeeaiao? c?a/ea; 3)ninoiyiea iinea
iia?aoeee
ia aeaciii yaeiea; 4) iauaiiia ia?aciaaiea OeIN.
Iaeiinoi?iiiee
iinoiyiiue ieae?eac a ni/aoaiee n oaiaoaieai niciaiey –
i?eciae
aioo?e/a?aiiiai iauaiiiai ia?aciaaiey. Oi/a/iua c?a/ee
oa?aeoa?iu
aeey io?aaeaiey iieieaeaie; a yoii neo/aa c?a/ee i?e
aaaaeaiee
iaeieniia aeieaeiu noaoue oe?a.
6. Ieai aeiiieieoaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey au?aaaouaatho n
o/aoii aeaiiuo
aiaiiaca, iauaai e iaa?ieiae/aneiai ianeaaeiaaiee. Iaoiae
auai?a i?e
eiia – EO aieiaiiai iicaa, oae eae eiiiuethoa?iua oiiia?aou
eiathony
ii/oe ai anao aieueieoeao. EO iicaieyao auno?i auyaeyoue
aieueiuo,
eioi?ui o?aaoaony yeno?aiiia iae?ioe?o?ae/aneia
aiaoaoaeuenoai. Anee
iieacaia ethiaaeueiay ioieoeey, oi EO iau/ii aeaeatho aei
iaa. Iaeiaei i?e
iiaeic?aiee ia iaieiaeo ethiaaeueiay ioieoeey e aaaaeaiea
aioeaeioeeia
aeieaeiu auoue i?iaaaeaiu iacaiaaeeeoaeueii;
a yoeo neo/ayo (anee iao i/aaiaie iaa?ieiae/aneie
neiioiiaoeee)
iiaeii e ia aeiaeeaeaoueny EO.
A. Ino?ua eioaeoeeiiiua caaieaaaiey. Iineieueeo
aioeiee?iaiuo n?aaenoa
i/aiue iiiai, a /oanoaeoaeueiinoue iee?ii?aaieciia iinoiyiii
iaiyaony,
iu ia?aie/einy eeoue iaueie ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyie.
1. Iiaaiiiey. I?iaiaeyo aaeoa?eieiae/aneia e na?ieiae/aneia
enneaaeiaaiey aeey ii?aaeaeaiey aicaoaeeoaey e aai
/oanoaeoaeueiinoe e
aioeaeioeeai. Iiea ?acoeueoaou ia iieo/aiu,
aioeaeioeeioa?aieth
iacia/atho i?ioea iaeaieaa aa?iyoiuo aicaoaeeoaeae.
O/eouaatho aic?ano
e ninoiyiea eiioieoaoa (ia iaai aeeytho naoa?iue aeeaaao,
ceiea/anoaaiiua iiaiia?aciaaiey, AE*-eioaeoeey, i?eai
eiioiiaeai?annaioia), a?aiy aiaea (iai?eia?, ceiie e aaniie
iiaaiiiey
/aua aicieeaao ia oiia a?eiia), aiciiaeiia ianoi ca?aaeaiey
(aeiia, a
aieueieoea. a eioa?iaoa). Neaaeoao eneeth/eoue
anie?aoeeiiioth iiaaiiieth.
Iiaeoaa?aeeoue aeeaaiic iiaaiiiee iiaeii ?aioaaiieiae/anee.
2. Eioaeoeee ii/aauo iooae. Ea/aiea caaeneo io iiiaeo
oaeoi?ia: I)
au?aaeaiiinoe ainiaeaiey, aai eieaeecaoeee e
?ani?ino?aiaiiinoe
(oeenoeo, ieaeiiao?eo); 2) iiea e aic?anoa: 3)
niioonoaothueo
caaieaaaiee; 4) iaaeaaieo aeeaaiinoe/aneeo e ea/aaiuo
aiaoaoaeuenoa ia
ii/aauo iooyo. A iaeieo neo/ayo iiaeii ia?aie/eoueny
ei?ioeei eo?nii
aioeaaeoa?eaeueiie oa?aiee aioo?ue, a ae?oaeo iaiaoiaeeia
ainieoaeecaoeey
aeey aaaaeaiey aioeaeioeeia a/a. Oa?aiey aeieaeia auoue
iai?aaeaia i?ioea
oiai aicaoaeeoaey, eioi?ue /aua anaai aucuaaao ii/aaua
eioaeoeee a
aeaiiie nioeeaeueiie a?oiia eee a aeaiiii ioaeaeaiee:
iaiaoiaeeii
o/eouaaoue oaeaea /oanoaeoaeueiinoue ianoiuo ooaiiia e
aioeaeioeeai.
3. Iaieiaeo e yioeaoaeeo. I?e iiaeic?aiee ia aaeoa?eaeueiue
iaieiaeo
iaiaaeeaiii ia/eiatho aioeaaeoa?eaeueioth oa?aieth. Ea/aiea
iaieiaeoa e
yioeaoaeeoa caaeneo io ninoiyiey ia iiiaio iniio?a e aei
ia/aea
caaieaaaiey, io aic?anoa, aeaiiuo aiaiiaca (iiacaeee a
yiaeaie/aneea
ciiu, ae?oaea aiciiaeiua iooe ca?aaeaiey, iaaeaaiea o?aaiu e
oe?o?ae/aneea aiaoaoaeuenoaa) e niiaoe/aneiai noaoona.
Aaaeiua
?acoeueoaou aeaao enneaaeiaaiea NIAE.
IIIssOEA “CAeI?IAUeA” E “AIEACIUe” A EEEIEEA IA?EIIAIEE.
Ia?eiiaiey yaeyaony ia oieueei ino?aeoae
iaaeeei-nioeeaeueiie i?iaeaiie,
ii e ioiineoaeueii neaai eco/aiiui iauaaeieiae/aneei
yaeaieai,
cao?aaeaathuei aeoaeiiua i?ioeannu, eaaeauea a iniiaa
oi?ie?iaaiey
neiaeiuo nioeeaeueii-iiin?aaeiaaiiuo iiaaaeai/aneeo
?aaeoeee. Anee iau/iua
oeceieiae/aneea iioeaaoeee, ii?aaeaeythuea iiaaaeaiea
eiaeeaeaea, eae
i?aaeei, acaeiiaeaenoaotho, ia?acoy iaeoth aa?iiieth
ee/iinoe e aa
ie?oaeaiey, oi iaoieiae/aneay iioeaaoeey iienea e
oiio?aaeaiey
ia?eioeea yoo aa?iiieth ?ac?ooaao. A ninoiyiee ia?eioe/aneie
caaeneiinoe eiioeaio?aoeey aieaaiai oneeey, iai?aaeaiiiai ia
iiene
ia?eioeea aeinoeaaao oaeie noaiaie, /oi a eiia/iii eoiaa
iiaeaaeyao e
iiae/eiyao naaa anoanoaaiiua iiaoaeeoaeueiua iioeau. Yoe e
ae?oaea
ianoiyoaeuenoaa aicaiaeyo ia?eiiaieth a ?ac?yae oieeaeueiie
iaoieiaee,
?aaeeciaaiiie ia oeceieiae/aneii, ee/iinoiii, iee?i- e
iae?i-nioeeaeueiuo o?iaiyo.
A iineaaeiea aiaeu a ioa/anoaaiiie e ca?oaaaeiie eeoa?aoo?a
iiyaeeenue
iaiauathuea ?aaiou ii aeieiae/aneei aniaeoai ia?eiiaiee,
iieaeoey?iui
e iae?ioeie/aneei iaoaieciai eo iaoiaaiaca, ineoieiae/aneei
e
iaaeeei-i?aaiaui aniaeoai ia?eiiaiee. Iaeiaei, ianiio?y ia
oe?ieea
ioeueoeaeenoeeieeia?iua enneaaeiaaiey, i?iaiaeeiua
i?aeoe/anee ai anao
no?aiao ie?a, cia/eoaeueiiai i?ia?anna a yooaeoeaiinoe
ea/aiey
aieueiuo ia?eiiaieyie iiea ia iieo/aii. Iaaeaeo oai, /anoioa
oiio?aaeaiey ia?eioeeia ia?anoaao ec aiaea a aiae e
aeinoeaea, ii
iiaieth yenia?oia, oa?aeoa?a iaiaeaiee, ioaaoeaoae
cia/eoaeueiue
i?ioeaio iiioeyoeee /aeiaa/anoaa.
Iayooaeoeaiinoue oa?aiee aaeaeeeoeaiie iaoieiaee ai iiiaii
ii?aaeaeyaony
ia?ac?aaioaiiinoueth iiiyoee “aieaciue”, “caei?iauea” e
“aucaei?iaeaiea”
i?e oieneeiiaieyo. Ec yoiai neaaeoao, /oi a ianoiyuaa a?aiy,
e
niaeaeaieth, ionoonoaoao /aoeay, aeieiae/anee iainiiaaiiay
no?aoaae/aneay oeaeue oa?aiee ia?eiiaiee. Oaeoeea ea/aiey
?acaeaaaony
ia na?eth iaaeeoeeineeo ia?ii?eyoee ii ii?iaeecaoeee
oece/aneiai e
ineoe/aneiai ninoiyiey iaoeeaioa a ioaeaeueii acyoue iiiaio
a?aiaie,
iai?eia? a aeeiaieea ?acaa?ouaaiey aanoeiaioiiai neiae?iia.
Aianoa n
oai, ecaanoii, /oi ana, aeaaea naiua ino?ua i?iyaeaiey
aanoeiaioiiai
neiae?iia, “nieiathony” i?inoui aaaaeaieai aaeaeaaoiie aeicu
ia?eioeea.
I?e yoii, eae yoi ie ia?iaeienaeueii, oi?iaeueiay ioeaiea
ninoiyiey
aieueiiai iinea aaaaeaiey i?aia?aoa aoaeao niioaaonoaiaaoue
ii?aaeaeaieth
“caei?iauey”, aeaiiiio AIC. Aieaa oiai, eae iieacaee
iaaeaaiea
enneaaeiaaiey nioeeaeueiay aaeaioaoeey eiaeeaeaea n
au?aaeaiiie ee/iinoiie eee aooaeoeaiie iaoieiaeae ia oiia
?aaoey?iie
ia?eioecaoeee iiaeao auoue aieaa oniaoiie, /ai a i?aii?aeaea
ia?eiiaiee.
Iaeeoei i?ioeai?a/ea: ninoiyiea iauaeoa ea/aaiiai i?ioeanna
iaeiia?aiaiii oaeiaeaoai?yao iiiyoeyi “caei?iauea” e
“aieaciue”, /oi, a
naith i/a?aaeue, ii?aaeaeyao neiaeiinoe ineoieiae/aneiai e
nioeeaeueii-th?eaee/aneiai ieaia, aicieeathuea i?e ea/aiee
ia?ei-oieneeiiaiee, e yaeyaony ia ianoiyuee iiiaio iaeiei ec
iaeaieaa
aeeneooaaaeueiuo aii?inia eae a ioa/anoaaiiie, oae e a
ie?iaie
ia?eieiaee (Ericksen et al 1990).
Iiyoiio aanueia aeooaeueiui yaeyaony oai?aoe/aneia
iniuneaiea
eiioeaioeee aieacie, caei?iauey e aucaei?iaeaiey a eeeieea
oieneeiiaiee
(ia?eiiaiee), /oi, aiciiaeii, iiiiaeao ?ac?aaioaoue iiaoth,
aieaa
yooaeoeaioth no?aoaaeth oa?aiee aieueiuo aeaiiiai i?ioeey.
1. Ia?eiiaiee – ii?aaeaeaiey, iniiaiua /a?ou e iniaaiiinoe.
Oa?ieiu “ia?eiiaiey” e “oieneeiiaiey” eniieuecotho aeey
iaicia/aiey
ninoiyiey, aucaaiiiai aeinoaoi/ii i?iaeieaeeoaeueiui
oiio?aaeaieai n
iaiaaeeoeeineeie oeaeyie ia?eioeeia, eee eiuo, ia ioianaiiuo
e nieneo
ia?eioeeia ineoiaeoeaiuo aauanoa. Oa?aeoa? oiio?aaeaiey
ethauo
ineoiaeoeaiuo aauanoa a iauai aeaea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
eiioeiooi, ia
iiethnao eioi?iai iaoiaeyony “iaaeeoeeineia” e
“iaiaaeeoeeineia”
i?eiaiaiea. Iineaaeiaa ioaaouaaao oe?ieee e?oa aa?eaioia
iiaaaeaiey:
io neo/aeiiai i?eaia ia?eioe/aneiai n?aaenoaa aei
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiai
iienea e nenoaiaoe/aneiai oiio?aaeaiey. Iaiaaeeoeeineia
i?eiaiaiea
/aua ia/eiaaony eae “yenia?eiaioaeueiia” iiae aeeyieai
iee?i-nioeeaeueiiai ie?oaeaiey, n aeaeueiaeoei ia?anoaieai
/anoiou e aeicu
oiio?aaeaiey i?aia?aoa e a ii?aaeaeaiiuo neo/ayo i?eaiaeeo e
oi?ie?iaaieth caaeneiinoe io ineoiaeoeaiiai aauanoaa.
N iiceoeee iauae oa?iaeieiaee niiniaiinoue
oa?iaeieiae/aneiai n?aaenoaa
aucuaaoue i?eno?anoea yaeyaony iaaeaeaoaeueiui iiai/iui
yooaeoii.
Iaeiaei, yoi iiai/iia aeaenoaea eiaao i?eioeeieaeueiia
ioee/ea io ae?oaeo
aiciiaeiuo iaaeaeaoaeueiuo yooaeoia, eioi?ua iiaoo
auyaeoueny a eeeieea
i?aeoe/aneiai i?eiaiaiey i?aia?aoa. Ioee/ea ninoieo a oii,
/oi
ineiaeiaiea, naycaiiia n i?eaiii eaea?noaaiiiai n?aaenoaa,
eae
i?aaeei, iiaeao i?aaeoi?aaeaeaoueny eee ono?aiyoueny
eyiaiaieai ?aaeeia
i?eaia, aeice?iaee eee, iaeiiaoe, ioiaiie i?aia?aoa. A
neo/aa
n?aaenoaa, eiathuaai ia?eiaaiiue iioaioeeae, ioiaia
i?aia?aoa oaea ia
yaeyaony niiniaii eoie?iaaiey ineiaeiaiey, iineieueeo
eaea?noaaiiia
n?aaenoai a aeaiiii neo/aa aunooiaao a ?iee eiaeoeoi?a
ninoiyiey,
eioi?ia ia ono?aiyaony, a oneeeaaaony ioiaiie
“yoeieiae/aneiai”
oaeoi?a.
Ae?oaie iniaaiiinoueth ia?eiiaiee yaeyaony aa nioeeaeueiay
iiin?aaeiaaiiinoue. Aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee iaiaaeeoeeineiai
i?eiaiaiey
ineoiaeoeaiuo noanoaioeee /anoi eniieuecotho oa?iei
“ceioiio?aaeaiea”,
eioi?ue iiae/a?eeaaao ianiaianoeiinoue i?eaia aeaiiiai
aauanoaa n
nouanoaothueie nioeeaeueiuie ii?iaie. Aianoa n oai, eiaiii
iauanoai a
eiie?aoiuo enoi?e/aneeo oneiaeyo ii?aaeaeyao ia?a/aiue
aauanoa,
cai?auaiiuo aeey eaaaeueiiai oiio?aaeaiey. Iai?eia?, a
iaeioi?uo
no?aiao ionoeueiaineie i?eaioaoeee n ae?aaieo a?aiai
cai?auaaony i?eai
aeeiaiey, ii i?e yoii oiio?aaeaiey iiey eee aaoeoa ia
n/eoaaony
a?oaui iiaaaeai/aneei ioeeiiaieai. Eciaiaiea iieeoe/aneeo e
nioeeaeueiuo oneiaee ia?aaeei i?eaiaeeo e ia?aniio?o
ioeoeeaeueiiai
ioiioaiey e ineoiaeoeaiui aauanoaai. Oae, ianeieueei eao
iacaae
i?aaeoaeuenoai E?aia ia oieueei cai?aoeei ia?yaeo n
aeeiaieai
ia?eioeee, ii e aaaei nia?oioth eaciue ca eo oiio?aaeaiea e
?ani?ino?aiaiea. A ae?oaeo ionoeueiaineeo no?aiao (ni
naaoneie oi?iie
i?aaeaiey) aeeiaieue oaeoe/anee eaaaeeciaai. A Aa?iia e NOA,
ianiio?y
ia iaee/ea aeeeoaeueiuo o?aaeeoeee oiio?aaeaiey nie?oiuo
iaieoeia, a
?acee/iua a?aiaia aeaeaeenue iiiuoee cai?aoeoue eee ?acei
ia?aie/eoue
oiio?aaeaiea aeeiaiey (“nooea caeiiu” a aei?aaiethoeeiiiie
?innee, NOA,
Oeieyiaeee, NNN?). A iaeioi?uo Aa?iiaeneeo no?aiao
o?aaeeoeeiiii
iaaaoeaiia ioiioaiea e oiio?aaeaieth ia?eioeeia
o?ainoi?ie?oaony a
iaania/aiea e iei naiaiaeiiai, eiio?iee?oaiiai ainoaea?noaii
aeinooia
(oae iacuaaaiue “a?eoaineee iiaeoiae”).
O?aoueae ioee/eoaeueiie /a?oie ia?eiiaiee yaeyaony
ia/aoeinoue
oi?ioee?iaaiey iniiaiuo iiiyoee, iienuaathueo aa eae
iaoieiaeth. E
i?eia?o, a aiaeiycu/iuo ?aaioao ii aeaiiie oaia aiiaua
ionoonoaoao
oa?iei ia?eiiaiey, eioi?ue caiaiyaony a caaeneiinoe io
neiiaoee e
aioeiaoee aaoi?a ii?aaeaeaieyie abuse (ceioiio?aaeaiea),
addiction
(i?eno?anoea), dependence (caaeneiinoue) a aeaoo i?iyaeaieyo
–
oece/aneay e ineoe/aneay.
Ceioiio?aaeaiea – i?eiaiaiea ethaiai aauanoaa, a oii /enea
ia?eioeea,
a oi?ia, ioeeiiythuaeny io i?eiyouo a aeaiiie eoeueoo?a
iaaeeoeeineeo e
nioeeaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae (Jaffe 1990).
I?eno?anoea – iiaaaeai/aneee noeeue i?eaia aauanoa,
oa?aeoa?ecothueeny
iai?aiaeieeiui e iaio aea/aieai (eiiioeueneaiia i?eiaiaieaa)
n
oe?uoeai enoi/ieeia aai iieo/aiey e aunieie aa?iyoiinoueth
?aoeeaeeaa
iinea i?ae?auaiey oiio?aaeaiey (Aaeueaeiai e niaao. 1988).
Caaeneiinoue – ninoiyiea, oa?aeoa?ecothuaany ii?aaeaeaiiuie
iiaaaeai/aneeie ?aaeoeeyie, eioi?ua anaaaea aeeth/atho
ianoiyoaeueioth
iio?aaiinoue a iinoiyiiii eee ia?eiaee/aneii aiciaiiaeaiee
oiio?aaeaiey eaeiai-eeai n?aaenoaa aeey oiai, /oiau
eniuoaoue aai
aeaenoaea ia ineoeeo, a eiiaaea aeey oiai, /oiau ecaaaeaoue
iai?eyoiuo
neiioiiia, iaoneiaeaiiuo i?ae?auaieai oiio?aaeaiey yoiai
n?aaenoaa
(Athe. AIC, 1985).
Ineoe/aneay caaeneiinoue – ninoiyiea i?aaiecia,
oa?aeoa?ecothuaany
iaoieiae/aneie iio?aaiinoueth a oiio?aaeaiee eaeiai-eeai
eaea?noaaiiiai n?aaenoaa eee oeie/aneiai aauanoaa aeey
ecaaaeaiey
ia?ooaiee ineoeee eee aeeneiioi?oa, aicieeathueo i?e
i?ae?auaiee
oiio?aaeaiey aauanoaa, aucaaaoaai caaeneiinoue, ii aac
niiaoe/aneeo
yaeaiee aanoeiaioeee (Erickson et al 1990).
Oece/aneay caaeneiinoue – ninoiyiea, oa?aeoa?ecothuaany
?acaeoeai
aanoeiaioeee i?e i?ae?auaiee i?eaia aucaaaoaai caaeneiinoue
aauanoaa
eee iinea aaaaeaiey aai aioaaiienoia (Erickson et al 1990).
Noiie?oy ana ii?aaeaeaiey iiaeii iiae/a?eiooue iauea /a?ou,
i?enouea
anai ei:
1. Iaee/ea eiaeeaeaeooia n ?acaeaoaeny iioeaaoeeae e
iiaoi?iiio
aaaaeaieth ineoiaeoeaiie noanoaioeee, niiniaiie eaeei-eeai
ia?acii
eciaiyoue acaeiiaeaenoaea “n?aaea-i?aaieci”.
2. Iaee/ea ineoiaeoeaiie noanoaioeee, iaeaaeathuae
eiiieaenii naienoa,
niiniaiuo cae?aieyoue iiaaaeaiea, iai?aaeaiiia ia aaaaeaiea
aeaiiie
noanoaioeee a i?aaieci.
Oaeei ia?acii, ai anao ii?aaeaeaieyo ninoiyiee, naycaiiuo n
i?eaiii
ia?eioe/aneeo aauanoa, ioia/aii acaeiiaeaenoaea aeaoo
iniiaiuo
eiiiiiaioia iaoiaaiaca: i?aaiecia e enaiiaeioeea. A oi aea
a?aiy
aieueoeinoai ii?aaeaeaiee i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth
eaii?e?otho o?aoee, ia
iaiaa aaaeiue a iaoiaaiaca ia?eiiaiee oaeoi?, a eiaiii
n?aaeo, a
eioi?ie ?acaeaaaony caaieaaaiea.
Neaaeothuae aanueia aaaeiie iniaaiiinoueth, ioee/athuae
ia?eiiaiee io
ae?oaeo caaieaaaiee, yaeyaony i?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeo
naiiiniciaieai
caaieaaaiey e aai i?iyaeaieyie. Oae, aeaeiau niiaoe/aneiai
aieueiiai,
ii nooe, yaeythony eioi?iaoeeae i noauaeoeaiii aini?eyoee
eciaieaoeony
ia?aiao?ia ooieoeee i?aaiecia a i?ioeanna ?acaeoey
caaieaaaiey.
I/aaeaeii, /oi yoe eciaiaiey iaaaoeaii aini?eieiathony
aieueiui,
iiyoiio, ca ?aaeeei eneeth/aieai, oeaeue aeceoa e a?a/o –
aa?iooue
iaeiaaea oo?a/aiiia anoanoaaiiia eiioi?oiia naii/oanoaea.
Ia?aaeien ia?eiiaiee eae iaoieiaee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi a
ia?eioe/aneie eioieneeaoeee aieueiie /oanoaoao naay
cia/eoaeueii
eiioi?oiaa, /ai aia aa. Yoi yaeaiea iauyniyaony aeaaiui
ioee/eoaeueiui naienoaii ia?eioeeia: aucuaaoue
yiioeeiiaeueii-iiceoeaiua
e iaeo?aeeciaaoue yiioeeiiaeueii-iaaaoeaiua ?aaeoeee
(Aaeueaeiai e niaao.
1988). Iioiio nianoaaiii ninoiyiea ia?eioe/aneie
eioieneeaoeee
noauaeoeaii ia iiaeao aini?eieiaoueny io?eoeaoaeueii, /oi e
iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony ?acoeueoaoaie aiaeeca aeaeia aieueiuo.
Iineaaeiea, eae
i?aaeei, iai?aaeaiu ia o?oaeiinoe a i?eia?aoaiee ia?eioeea,
aanoeiaioiua yaeaiey i?e aiacaiiie ioiaia i?aia?aoia,
nieaeaiea
eioa?ana e aeecie, anoaie/aneea yaeaiey, iaayc/eaia eee
eiiioeueneaiia
aea/aiea e ia?eioeeo, ieioia naii/oanoaea aia ia?eioecaoeee.
Ia?aaeei
ia?auaiea ca iiiiuueth i?ienoiaeeo a ?acoeueoaoa aeaaeaiey
ni noi?iiu
aeeceeo. Caaeneiinoue io ia?eioeeia a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa
aieueiuie
iniciaaony, ii a eiioaenoa aeaeia i?yii ia cao/eo.
A oiaea ea/aiey eee auioaeaeaiiiai i?ae?auaiey ia?eioecaoeee
ia?aaeei
oaeaaony aeinoeaiooue ninoiyiey, iaania/eaathuaai
ii?iaeueioth aaeaioaoeeth
aeaaea a oyaeaeuo, iai?eau/iuo oneiaeyo (iai?eia? a
o/?aaeaeaieyo n
?aaeaiaioe?iaaiiui ?aaeeiii). Oai ia iaiaa, a aaniethoiii
aieueoeinoaa
neo/aaa caaieaaaiea ?aoeeaeeae?oao. Ae?oaeie neiaaie,
ia?eiiaiu
i?aaeii/eoatho acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue n ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie ec
eneonnoaaiiiai, iaoieiae/aneiai ninoiyiey ia?eioe/aneie
eioieneeaoeee. I?e yoii, eae oaea ioia/aeinue auoa,
aaeaioaoeeiiiay
niiniaiinoue aieueiiai ia oiia ?aaoey?iie ia?eioecaoeee
iiaeao auoue
eo/oa, /ai a i?aii?aeaea ia?eiiaiee, oiaaea eae ioiaia
ia?eioeea aaaeao
e iaiaaeaieth “ia?eiiaie/aneiai aeaoaeoa ee/iinoe” eee
i?aii?aeaeiuo
ee/iinoiuo aiiiaeee, i?aoa?iaaoeo aeaeiiiainaoeeth. A yoeo
neo/ayo
aiai?eoue i noaaeeecaoeee ninoiyiey, niioaaonoaothuaai
i?aii?aeaeiiio
o?iaith, aiiaua ia i?eoiaeeony.
Oaeei ia?acii, niioiioaiea iiiyoee ec iauae iaoieiaee
“caei?iauea –
aieaciue” eae “aaeaioaoeey – aeacaaeaioaoeey” a eeeieea
ia?eiiaiee
auaeyaeeo eia/a: “caei?iauea – aieaciue” eae “aaeaioaoeey –
aoi?e/iay
aaeaioaoeey” (eneonnoaaiiay e iaoieiae/aneay ii naiae nooe).
Yoi
ianoiyoaeuenoai nicaeaao o?oaeiinoe a yeno?aiieyoeee
no?aoaae/aneie oeaee
ea/aiey: iaania/eoue “aucaei?iaeaiea”, oi anoue aica?ao e
ninoiyieth
“caei?iauea”, eiaaoaio ianoi aei iaieoanoe?iaaiey
caaieaaaiey a neo/aa
ia?eiiaiee.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi oaiiiai iiauoaiey aaeaioaoeeiiiie
niiniaiinoe a
i?ioeanna ?aaeecaoeee iaoieiaee ecaanoai e i?e ae?oaeo
caaieaaaieyo.
I?eia?ii iiaeao neoaeeoue aeiiiaieaeaeueiia ninoiyiea,
yaeythuaany yoaiii
a ?acaeoee iaieaeaeueiie oacu iaieaeaeueii-aeai?anneaiiai
ineoica
(IAeI). Ia neo/aeii a nia?aiaiiuo ?aaioao, iinayuaiiuo
iieaeoey?iui
eiioeaioeeyi iaoiaaiaca ineoe/aneeo caaieaaaiee e ia?eiiaiee
(Wachtel
1990, Terwilliger et al 1991), iai?yioth noaaeony aii?in ia
eaeaioe/iinoe iieaeoey?iuo iaoaieciia IAeI e ia?eiiaiee.
Ae?oaea aaoi?u
noaayo iiae niiiaiea nai oaeo iaee/ey “caei?iauey” a
i?aii?aeaea
ia?eiiaiee, n/eoay iineaaeithth eeoue aa?eaioii ?aaeecaoeee
eiathuaeny
enoiaeiie aooaeoeaiie iaoieiaee (Dackis and Gold 1987).
I?ineaaeeaathony e iaeioi?ua iauea i?eioeeiu a ea/aiee
aeaiiuo
caaieaaaiee. Oae, iaeo?aenii i?e ?aaoey?iii i?eaia
i?aaeioa?auaao
iiyaeaiea oeaio?aeueiuo yooaeoia iieaoia i?e neo/aeiii
oiio?aaeaiee
ia?eioeea a ?aiennee iieeiie ia?eiiaiee; niee eeoey –
i?aaeioa?auatho
?acaeoea oac i?e IAeI. Eioa?anii, /oi o aieueoiai /enea
ia?eiiaiia
iaeo?aenii ia iieuecoaony iiioey?iinoueth, ?aaii eae e
iaoeeaiou,
no?aaeathuea IAeI n i?aeiouanoaaiii oieiiey?iuie
aeiiiaieaeaeueiuie
oacaie, iaioioii i?eieiatho niee eeoey.
Noiie?oy auoaeceiaeaiiia iiaeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuea
auaiaeu:
1. Ia?eiiaiee ioee/athony io inoaeueiuo niiaoe/aneeo e
ineoe/aneeo
caaieaaaiee eiiieaenii oaeoi?ia, i?eaiaeyueo e
iaaiciiaeiinoe
eniieueciaaiey a ea/aiee aeaiiie oi?iu iaoieiaee
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo
eiioeaioeee “caei?iauea-aieaciue” e iauai?eiyouo
iaoiaeieiae/aneeo
iiaeoiaeia e no?aoaaee e oaeoeea ea/aaiiai i?ioeanna.
2. Niaoeeoeea ia?eiiaiee aaaeao e aaconeiaiiio
aeiieie?iaaieth /anoiiai
iaae iauei, a eiaiii e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?anniio?aiey eaaeaeiai
eiie?aoiiai
neo/ay a eiioaenoa acaeiiaeaenoaey
“i?aia?ao-iaoeeaio-n?aaea” e
iaaiciiaeiinoe nicaeaiey oieoeoee?iaaiiuo iaoiaeia ea/aiey
aeaiiie oi?iu
iaoieiaee.
3. Ia?eiiaiee yaeythony iaoieiaeae, eiathuae ia oieueei
iaaeeoeeineee, ii
e nioeeaeueiue aniaeo. Iiyoiio yooaeoeaiinoue ?aaiou ii
ai?ueaa n aeaiiie
iaoieiaeae ii?aaeaeyaony a aieueoie noaiaie
niaeaniaaiiinoueth
iaaeeoeeineeo e iaiaaeeoeeineeo (nioeeaeueiuo, i?aaiauo,
caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo e
o.ae.) aicaeaenoaee. Aieaa oiai, i?aoaaee/aiea ?iee iaeiie
ec noi?ii
i?eaiaeeo e ?aceiio nieaeaieth yooaeoeaiinoe ai?ueau n
ia?eiiaieyie
(i?eia? – i?iaae aioeaeeiaieueiie eaiiaiee 1985-1986
aiaeia).
2. Iiiyoey “aieaciue”, “caei?iauea” e “ea/aiea” a eeeieea
ia?eiiaiee.
?anniio?ei oaia?ue iiiyoey “aieaciue”, “caei?iauea” e
“ea/aiea”
i?eiaieoaeueii e eeeieea ia?eiiaiee. Aaconeiaii ninoiyiea
caaeneiinoe
io ineoiaeoeaiuo noanoaioeee nouanoaaiii ia?aie/eaaao
naiaiaeo
acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaaea ni n?aaeie iaeoaiey. Iaeiaei niiaa
neaaeoao
iiae/a?eiooue, /oi aeaiiia ia?aie/aiea naiaiaeu ai-iiiaii
aeaoa?ieie?oaony ia noieueei aeieiae/aneeie e
ineoieiae/aneeie
oaeoi?aie, neieueei nioeeaeueii-i?aaiauie. Iniiaiie oi/eie
eiioeeeoiiai
acaeiiaeaenoaey yaeyaony oi, /oi aieueoeinoai i?aia?aoia,
aucuaathueo
i?eno?anoea, yaeythony eiio?iee?oaiuie noanoaioeeyie eee
aianaiu a
nienee ia?eioeeia. Iiyoiio nenoaiaoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea
aeaiiuo
i?aia?aoia iaecaaaeii aaaeao e ia?ooaieth niioaaonoaothueo
i?aaiauo
ii?iaoeaia e, eae neaaenoaea yoiai, /enoi aeieiae/aneia
acaeiiaeaenoaea “i?aia?ao-eiaeeaeae” ia?a?anoaao ai
acaeiiaeaenoaea
“nioeeaeueiay n?aaea-eiaeeaeae”, /oi aea/ao ca niaie
iiaeeeth/aiea e
aeaiiiio acaeiiaeaenoaeth ia oieueei iaaeeoeeineeo, ii e
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia (ia?aie/aiea aeaaniiniaiinoe
ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo ia?eiiaiia, oaieiaiua iaeacaiey ca
o?aiaiea
ia?eioeeia, i?eioaeeoaeueiia ea/aiea e o.i.).
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi auoothuay a oe?ieeo e?oaao
eioi?iaoeey i
?ac?ooeoaeueiii aeaenoaee ia?eioeeia ia i?aaieci neeueii
i?aoaaee/aia.
A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe i?e oiio?aaeaiee aunieiea/anoaaiiuo
anoanoaaiiuo
ia?eioeeia ?anoeoaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey (iieaou,
eaiiaaeiieaeu, eao
i?e ia?i?aeueiii oiio?aaeaiee) eo ?ac?ooeoaeueiia aeaenoaea
ia i?aaieci
ia i?aauoaao oaeiaia i?e i?eiaiaiee aeeiaiey eee ieeioeia.
Neaaeoao
ca?aiaa iaiai?eoueny, /oi a aeaiiii neo/aa ?a/ue ia eaeao i
iiauo
neioaoe/aneeo oee/iuo ia?eioeeao, oae iacuaaaiuo “auno?uo
oaeeoeao”
(quick killers), naii iiyaeaiea eioi?uo ia ?uiea naycaii n
cao?oaeiaiiinoueth aeinooia e “eeanne/aneei” ia?eioeeai.
Oaeei ia?acii, aiai?y i ia?ooaiee acaeiiaeaenoaey
“eiaeeaeae-n?aaea” a
neo/aa ia?eiiaiee, neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo i?aaeaea anaai ia
iaaeeei-aeieiae/aneea, a /enoi nioeeaeueiua aniaeou.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii,
iiuo iieiiai caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai ?ac?aoaiey oiio?aaeaiey
ia?eooaiu e
i?iaeaaea iineaaeiae ii aeinooiiui oeaiai anai aeaeathuei
(iiuo Aieeaiaeee n
1989 aiaea) ia i?eaae e ?anoe?aieth eiioeiaaioa eeoe,
ceioiio?aaeythueo
aeaiiui ia?eioeeii. Iai?ioea, ioia/aii ?aceia oiaiueoaiea
eiee/anoaa
i?anooieaiee, naycaiiuo n ia?eioeeaie, iinea aaaaeaiey
aeaiiiai
?ac?aoaiey e, /oi naiia aeaaiia, ?aceia iiauoaiea
yooaeoeaiinoe
ea/aiey aieueiuo ia?eieiae/aneiai i?ioeey. E yoi ia
oaeeaeoaeueii,
iineieueeo ia?auaiea aieueiuo e a?a/o aieueoa ia naycaii n
aiciiaeiinoueth
eee iaaiciiaeiinoueth aeinoaaaiey ia?eioeea, a oeaeeeii
ii?aaeaeyaony
iioeaaoeeae ia i?ae?auaiea ia?eioecaoeee.
I?e ?anniio?aiee aii?ina ia?eiiaiee aaconeiaiue eioa?an
i?aaenoaaeyao
aiaeec aeaiiie oi?iu ioeeiiaiey n oi/ee c?aiey
aiiainoaoe/aneie
oai?ee.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy anaie aac eneeth/aiey i?eciaaony oaeo
aiaoaoaeuenoaa
ia?eioe/aneeo aauanoa a aiiainoac i?aaiecia. I?e/ai
aeieacaiu eae
ino?ua, oae e o?iie/aneea aeeyiey i?aia?aoia ia oiieea
ooieoeee
?aaoeyoeee iniiaiuo aeeciaiiuo eiinoaio i?aaiecia. Iaeiaei
aeaiiua
aiaoaoaeuenoaa ia?eioeeia i?ienoiaeyo ia ii eeiee
iiaeeoeeaoeee
eiinoaio, a ii oeio ano?aeaaiey i?aia?aoia a
aiiainoaoe/aneea
oeaii/ee. I?e yoii, aiciiaeii, iaiaoiaeeia ecia/aeueiay
i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue i?aaiecia, neaainoue iaoaaiee/aneie
oeaie a
aeinoaoi/ii oceii caaia, aeey ano?aeaaiey a iaa ia?eioeea
eee, eia/a
aiai?y, aeey ?aaeecaoeee ia?eiaaiiiai iioaioeeaea ia?eioeea
e
oi?ie?iaaiey ia?eiiaiee. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi aeaaea
oaeea
iauaecaanoiua ia?eioeee n /?acau/aeii aunieei aaeaeeeoeaiui
iioaioeeaeii, eae aa?iei e eieaei, ia niiniaiu aucuaaoue
ninoiyiea
caaeneiinoe o anao 100% /aeiaa/aneie iiioeyoeee. Aiaeiae/iua
aeaiiua
iieo/aiu e a yenia?eiaioao ia aeeaioiuo (aeaiiua ii
Addiction
Potential of Abused Drugs 1990).
Oaeei ia?acii a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia aucuaaao aic?aaeaiee
iinooeao i
iaee/ee i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoe e aicieeiiaaieth ia?eiiaiee,
i?e/ai
aeaiiay i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue ia iaycaoaeueii yaeyaony
ianeaaenoaaiiie.
Yoa i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue nei?aa anaai ii?aaeaeyaony ia
iaee/eai
“ionoiai” ianoa aeey ia?eioeea a i?aaiecia, a iaaeinoaoeii
(/aua anaai
iaaeinoaoi/iuie ?aca?aiuie aiciiaeiinoyie) a enoiaeiii
iaoaaiee/aneii
i?ioeanna. Ni/aoaiea ii?aaeaeaiiie neooaoeee, o?aaothuae
?aaeecaoeee
?aca?aiuo aiciiaeiinoae iaoaaiee/aneiai i?ioeanna, n
aaaaeaieai
ia?eioeea, aeoeae?othuaai aeaiiue i?ioeann, eae i?aaeei,
cae?aieyaony a
niciaiee e oi?ie?oao iioeaaoeeth e iiaoi?iiio oiio?aaeaieth
i?aia?aoa
iiia/aeo a neooaoeeyo, aiaeiae/iuo enoiaeiie, a caoai e a
ae?oaeo
neooaoeeyo. Noeioee?iaaiea ia?eioeeii n?aaieoaeueii auno?i
en/a?iuaaao
e aac oiai ia?aie/aiiua aiciiaeiinoe iaoaaiee/aneie oeaii/ee
e
i?eaiaeeo e neooaoeee, eiaaea aaaaeaiea ia?eioeea oaea ia
iiaenoaaeaaao
i?ioeann, a i?inoi iaania/eaaao ii?iaeueiue o?iaaiue
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey.
A aeaiiii neo/aa ?a/ue eaeao oaea i aicieeiiaaiee oece/aneie
caaeneiinoe. Oae, a yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaieyo
iieacaii, /oi
iiiaea iaoeeaiou, ceioiio?aaeythuea ineoinoeioeyoi?aie, a
enoiaeiii
ninoiyiee aeaiiino?e?iaaee iiauoaiioth aeai?anneaioth
aioiaiinoue e
ooiieyaiinoue, a a aeioeie/aneeo oanoao iieacuaaee
iiauoaiioth
aeoeaiinoue nenoai eiaeoeaaoeee iiiiaieiia. A ?acoeueoaoa
oaeia
aa?iyoiinoiia niauoea eae eiioaeo naineoeaiiai eiaeeaeaea a
ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo n i?aia?aoii, iaeaaeathuei
ineoinoeioee?othueie
naienoaaie, ?aaeecoaony a au?aaeaiiii oeo/oaiee naii/oanoaey
eiaeeaeaea
e niioaaonoaothuei (a aieueoae eee iaiueoae noaiaie)
cae?aieaieai
iiaaaeaiey, iai?aaeaiiiai ia iiaoi?iia aaaaeaiea
ineoinoeioeyoi?a.
Oaeei ia?acii, ai iiiaeo neo/ayo ia?ae/iia aaaaeaiea
ia?eioeea a
i?aaieci iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae i?eieoeaii-yiie?e/aneee
iiene
niaoeeoe/aneiai eaea?noaaiiiai n?aaenoaa aeey ea/aiey
eaoaioiiai
aeaoaeoa, eioi?ue iia au auoue eiiiaine?iaai anoanoaaiiuie
aaeaioaoeeiiiuie iaoaieciaie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia?ae/iue
eiioaeo n
ia?eioeeii, niaeanii aeaiiie noaia, i?aaeeueiaa n/eoaoue ia
aicieeiiaaieai caaieaaaiey – ia?eiiaiee, a ia/aeii
niaoeeoe/aneie
oa?aiee nouanoaothuaai aeaoaeoa iae?iiaaeeaoi?iuo
i?ioeannia.
Iaeiaei, a aeaeueiaeoai ia/eiatho i?iyaeyoueny iaoaieciu
aaeaioaoeee
i?aaiecia e iiaoi?iui aaaaeaieyi “eaea?noaa”. *aua anaai yoi
i?iyaeyaony ?aceei onoaoaeaieai enoiaeiie ee/iinoiie eee
aooaeoeaiie
iaoieiaee, /oi o?aaoao a naith i/a?aaeue iiauoaiey
aeice?iaie aaiaeeiiai
i?aia?aoa. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, o eiaeeaeaea i?ienoiaeeo
ineoieiae/aneay
ia?ai?eaioaoeey iiiyoey “ii?ia” a noi?iio ninoiyiey i?e
ia?eioe/aneie
eioieneeaoeee.
Anee oneiaii i?eiyoue enoiaeiia ninoiyiea eiaeeaeaea (aei
eiioaeoa n
ia?eioeeii) ca “0”, oi ninoiyiea, aicieeathuaa iinea i?eaia
i?aia?aoa, iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae “+1”. Iaeiaei
n?aaieoaeueii
auno?i, /oi ii?aaeaeyaony e naineoeaiinoueth i?aaiecia e
nianoaaiiie
aaeaeeeoeaiinoueth i?aia?aoa, aeaiiia ninoiyiea “+1”
ia/eiaao noauaeoeaii
aini?eieiaoueny eae ii?ia, eee eae “0”, a oi aea a?aiy eae
enoiaeiia
ninoiyiea ia/eiaao i?eia?aoaoue aaa?neaiua /a?ou, oi anoue
oneiaii
ioeaieaaaony eae “-1”, /oi canoaaeyao eiaeeaeaea
einoeieoeaii ecaaaaoue
aai. AEeciue aieueiiai i?eia?aoaao aeae iiey?iuo ninoiyiee:
“0” – eee
ia?eioe/aneay ii?ia, e “-1” – eee aeeneiioi?o (iaoieiaey)
i?e
ionoonoaee ia?eioeea. Aeaiiay oeeeee/iinoue iaiiieiaao niaio
ninoiyiee
i?e oeeeeioeiee n oie eeoue ?acieoeae, /oi a neo/aa
ia?eiiaiee
oeeeee/iinoue aucuaaaony nenoaiaoe/aneei aaaaeaieai a
i?aaieci
ineoio?iiiiai aaaioa.
A nouanoaothuae nenoaia iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue aieueiui
ia?eiiaieyie
no?aoaae/aneie oeaeueth yaeyaony aeinoeaeaiea iieiiai ioeaca
aieueiiai io
i?iaeieaeaiey ia?eioecaoeee. I?e yoii oioneaaony ec aeaea
iieiaeaiea, /oi
aeaaea i?e eaeaaeueii ?ac?aaioaiiie oa?aiee a?a/ niiniaai
aa?iooue
aieueiiai oieueei eeoue a ninoiyiea enoiaeiiai “0”, /oi,
aaconeiaii,
aini?eieiaaony iaoeeaioii eae iaaeinoaoie ea/aiey.
E niaeaeaieth, a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia nouanoaoao yooaeoeaiuo
i?aia?aoia
iiieii ia?eioeeia, niiniaiuo aeaoue ia?eieiae/aneiio
aieueiiio
ninoiyiea “ia?eioe/aneie ii?iu”. A oi aea a?aiy i?eiyoay a
?yaea
iaaeeoeeineeo oeaio?ia eiioeaioeey caianoeoaeueiie oa?aiee
(iaoaaeiiiaay
i?ia?aiia) oaeaea ia eeoaia na?ueaciuo iaaeinoaoeia.
Ai-ia?auo,
i?eiaiaiea iaoaaeiia ia aa?aioe?oao io ia?aeeaeueiiai
i?eiaiaiey
aa?ieia n oeaeueth aua aieueoae yeoi?ecaoeee, oioy e ?acei
oiaiueoaao
iio?aaiinoue a aa?ieia. Ai-aoi?uo, o?iie/aneia i?eiaiaiea
iaoaaeiia
i?eaiaeeo e oi?ie?iaaieth neeueiie caaeneiinoe io
iineaaeiaai, i?e/ai aei
ianoiyuaai a?aiaie ia iaeaeaii yooaeoeaiuo n?aaenoa ea/aiey
aeaiiie
caaeneiinoe.
N ae?oaie noi?iiu o?iie/aneia i?eiaiaiea aioaaiienoia
(iaeo?aeniiiaay
i?ia?aiia) niiniaii i?eianoe yooaeo oieueei i?e /?acau/aeii
aunieie
iioeaaoeee aieueiiai ia ioeac io ia?eioeeia, /oi ano?a/aaony
aeinoaoi/ii ?aaeei (aea e iaiaoiaeeii ee i?eiaiaiea
eaeie-eeai oa?aiee o
iiaeiaiuo aieueiuo?).
Aica?auaynue e eiioeaiooaeueiiio iiaeoiaeo e no?aoaaee
oa?aiee aieueiuo
ia?eiiaieyie iiaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi a ianoiyuee iiiaio
iniiaiua
ea/aaiua ia?ii?eyoey iai?aaeaiu ia iiaeaea?aeaiea ?aiennee
aac o/aoa
noauaeoeaiiai ninoiyiey iaoeeaioa. Ii iaoaio iiaieth aieaa
i?aaeeueiui
iiaeoiaeii yaeyaony aeoeaaoeey oaeoi?ia eiaeoeoeee ?aiennee
n aeiionoeiui
aica?aoii e ia?eioecaoeee iiae eiio?ieai a?a/a e
iinoaiaiiuie
oaeeeiaieyie ?aiennee ca n/ao iiaeai?a eiiieaeniie oa?aiee
enoiaeiiai
iaoaaiee/aneiai aeaoaeoa.
A caeeth/aiea neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi o?aaeeoeeiiiay
eiioeaioeey
“aieaciue-caei?iauea” i?e ?anniio?aiee ia?eiiaiee ia
auaea?aeeaaao
i?iaa?ee i?aeoeeie e ioaeaeaaony a ia?aniio?a. I?eaioaoeey
oa?aiee i?e
ea/aiee ia?eiiaiee aeieaeia no?aieoueny ia e ioeaco
aieueiiai io
ia?eioeea, a e ainnoaiiaeaieth aaeaeaaoiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey
eiaeeaeaea e
n?aaeu n iinoaiaiiie caiaiie ia?eioeea eaea?noaaiiuie
i?aia?aoaie,
eiiiaine?othueie enoiaeiue e i?eia?aoaiiue aaaeiienoe/aneea
aeaoaeou
iaoeeaioa.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
1Eiaaeaa A.A. Ineoeao?ey aeaoneiai aic?anoa. ?oeiaiaenoai
aeey
a?a/ae, I., “Iaaeeoeeia”. 1979
2 Eiaaeaa A.A. Nioeeaeueeueii-ineoieiae/aneee aniaeo
i?iaeaiu
aeaaeaioiiai iiaaaeaiey o aeaoae e iiae?inoeia. A ei.:
Ia?ooaiey
iiaaaeaiey o aeaoae e iiae?inoeia.I.,”Iaaeeoeeia”, 1981,
N. 11-24.
3Eaiiaa?ae E. (Leonhard K.).. Aeoeaiooe?iaaiiua ee/iinoe:
Ia?. n
iaiaoeeiai. Eeaa. “Aunoay oeiea”, 1981.
4Ee/ei A. A. Iiae?inoeiaay ineoeao?ey (?oeiaiaenoai aeey
a?a/ae).
E., “Iaaeeoeeia”, 1985 – 416 n.
5 Ii?icia A.A. Iniaaiiinoe eeeieee oecio?aie/aneiai
i?ioeanna a
iiae?inoeiaii aic?anoa. Aeenn. eaiae.,I., 1950.
6 Ooaeia A.E. Aeaoneay ineoeao?ey. I., “Iaaeeoeeia”, 1973.
7 Ooaeia A.E. Iia?aie/iua ia?aii-ineoe/aneea ?anno?ienoaa.
I.,
“Iaaeeoeeia”, 1978.
8 Michaux L. Psychiatrie infantile. Paris, 1953.
9 Stutte H. Kinder- und Jugendpsychiaatrie. In:
Psychiatrie der
10Gegenwart. Bd II: Klinische Psychiatrie. Berlin,
Gottingen,
1960, s. 678-779
11. Czechowicz D. (1980).Detoxiflcation Treatment Manual.
USUA&AS,
National Institute of Drug Abuse, Washington D.C..(US
Government
Printing Office).
12. Dole V.P., Foldes F.F., Trigg H., Robinson J.W..Blatman
S.(1971)
Methadone poisoning. N.Y.State J.Med., 541-543.
13) Dunlop M.G., Steedman D.J. (1985). Opioid intravenous
drug abuse
a the accident and emergency department. Arch.Emerg.Med.,
2:23-77.
14/Freitas P.M./1982/. Narcotic withdrawal in the emergency
departmenl Am.J.Emerg.Med., 11:562-572.
15. Blumberg, Dayton B., Wolf,P.S.(1967).”Analgetic and
narcotic
antagonist properties
of noroxymorphone derivates”.Toxicol.Appl.Pharmac. 10:406.
16. Ginzburg M., MacDonald, M.G.(1987).The role of
naltrexone in
management of drug abuse. Med.Toxicol”2:83.
17. Gonzales,J.P.,Brodgen,R.N..(1988).”Naltrexone, a review
of its
pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and
therapeutic
efficacy in management of opioid dependence”.Drugs, 35:192.
18. NIDA (1984). Naltrexone: its clinical utility. Treatment
Research
Report. U. S. Government Printing Office.
19. Pini,L.A, Ferretti,C., Trenti T., Ferrari A., Sternieri
E.(1991).Effects of long-term treatment with naltrexone on
hepatic
enzyme activity. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions,
9:161-174.
20. Vereby K. (1980). The clinical pharmacology
ofnaltrexone:
pharmacology and pharmacodynamics. In: Naltrexone: Research
Monograph 28. Willette R.E., Barnett G. eds National
Institute on
Drug Abuse, 147-148.
21. Youburn B.C., Duttaroy A., Shah S., Davis T.(1994).
Opioid
antagonist -induced receptor upregulation: effects of
concurrent
agonist administration. Brain Research Bulletin, 33
22. Blachy,P.H.(1966).Management of opiate abstinence
syndrome. Am-J.
Psychiat. et.cet.
23. Charley,D.S.,Heninger G.R.,Kleber,H.D.(1986).”The
combine use of
clonidine and naltrexone as a rapid, safe and effective
treatment of
abrupt withdrawal from methadone”.Am.J.Psych.,143:831-837.
24. Charley,D.S.,Riordan,C.E. and
Kleber,H.D.(1988).”Clonodine and
Naltrexone: a safe, effective and rapid treatment of abrupt
withdrawal from methadone
therapy”.Arch.Gen.Psych.,39:1327-1332.
25. Gold.M.S..Redmonds.Jr.D.E. and
KleberH.D.(1978).”Clonidine blocks
acute opiate withdrawal symptoms”.Lancet,2:599-602.
26. Gossop,M.(1988).”Clonidine and the treatment of the
opiate
withdrawal syndrome”.Drug and alcohol dependence,
21:253-259.
27. Kleber H.D.(1981)”Detoxification from narcotics”.
ln:Lowinson,
J.H., Ruitz P. eds.:”Substance abuse, clinical problems and
perspectives”. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 24:317-338.
28. Kleber,H.D.,Topazian,M”GaspariJ.,Riordan,E.C.Kosten,T.(l
987).
“Clonidine and Naltrexone in the outpatient treatment of
heroin
withdrawal”. Am.J.Drug Alcohol Abuse, 13:(l&2)l-7.
29. Margolin,A.,Koster,T.R.(1991).”Opioid detoxification and
maintenance with blocking agents”. In Miller N.S.ed.
*’Comprehensive
handbook of drug abuse and alcohol addiction”.New York,
Marcel
Dekker, 61 :l 127- 1141.
30. Riordan,C.E.,Kleber,H.D.(1980).”Rapid opiate
detoxification with
clonidine and naloxone”.Lancet, 1:1079.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter