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*anoiua (ei?ii?aoeaiua) iaeeaaoeee e eo iniiaiua aeaeu

*anoiua (ei?ii?aoeaiua) iaeeaaoeee auioneathony i?aaei?eyoeyie, eioi?ua
yaeythony /aua anaai AI. E auioneo iaeeaaoeee i?eaaaatho oa, eioi?ua
eiatho onoie/eaia oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea. Oeaeueth auionea yaeyaony
iiaeeecaoeey aeieain?i/iuo, ia?niaeoeaiuo, oaeoueo cao?ao. Iaeeaaoeey
yaeyaony naeaeaoaeuenoaii, aeathuaa i?aai aai aeaaeaeueoeo ia iieo/aiea
aaeaaiaeiiai oeene?iaaiiiai aeioiaea e aa?aioe?othuaa e?aaeeoi?o auieaoo
ii?aaeaeaiiie noiiu ii enoa/aieth ii?aaeaeaiiiai n?iea. N oeene?iaaiiie
eoiiiiie noaaeie, ieaaathuae, ?aaiiia?ii aic?anoathuae noaaeie,
aaneoiiiiua, n iieaoie ii auai?o, niaoaiiiai oeia. Iaania/aiiua (n
caeiaii eiouanoaa, n caeiaii oiiaeiauo aoiaa, n caeiaii iai?oaeiaaiey) e
iaiaania/aiiua (ia iaania/aiu iaoa?eaeueiuie aeoeaaie). Iocuaiua (aeatho
i?aai yieoaioo ioicaaoue ii enoa/aiee n?iea aeaenoaey) e aaciocuaiua. Ii
iaee/eth eiiaa?neiiiie i?eaeeaaee: eiiaa?oe?oaiua e iaeiiaa?oe?oaiua.
Iaeeaaoeee aeaeyony ia 3 iniiaiua eaoaai?ee:

1) e?aoein?i/iua – n?ie iiaaoaiey io 1 aei 5 eao (o i?iiuoeaiiuo
ei?ii?aoeee)

2) n?aaeian?i/iua – io 5 aei 10 eao (/aua eniieuecoaony aaieaie e ae?.
oeiainiauie no?oeoo?aie)

3) aeieain?i/iua – nauoa 10 eao

Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuie yaeythony iaeeaaoeee ni n?ieii iiaaoaiey io
15 aei 20 eao.

Ii ea/anoao e iaaeaaeiinoe:Aeoeee, eo oa?aeoa?enoeea

Aeieaaua OeA – aeoeee. Aeieaaay OeA naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aianaiee aeeaaea
a eaieoae AI e aeathuay i?aai iieo/aiey i?eauee a aeaea aeeaeaeaiaea.
Aeoeey – aann?i/iay OeA. Ii oa?aeoa?o ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ia ?OeA –
eiaiiua e i?aaeuyaeoaeueneea. Aeieoiaioa?iua e aacaeieoiaioa?iua. A
caaeneiinoe io iauaia i?aa, i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo aeaaeaeueoeai –
iaueiiaaiiua e i?eaeeaae?iaaiiua. Iaueiiaaiiay aeoeey i?aaeinoaaeyao
i?aai ia aieiniaaiea ia iauai nia?aiee aeoeeiia?ia, iieo/aiea
aeeaeaeaiaeia. I?eaeeaae?iaaiiua aeoeee aeatho i?aai ia iieo/aiee
aeeaeaeaiaeia, ii ia aeatho i?aai ia o/anoea a oi?aaeaiee.
I?eaeeaae?iaaiiua aeoeee:

– eoioeyoeaiua (ia auiea/aiiua eee ia iieiinoueth auiea/aiiua
aeeaeaeaiaeu, ii eioi?ui auiea/eaathony)

– aeoeee n aeieae o/anoey (aeatho i?aai eo aeaaeaeueoea ia aeieth a
aeii. aeeaeaeaiaea a oii neo/aa, anee aeeaeaeaiaeu ii iaueiiaaiiui
aeoeeyi i?aauoatho iauyaeaiioth ii i?eaeeaae?iaaiiui aeoeeyi noiio)

– eiiaa?oe?oaiua (aeatho i?aai eo aeaaeaeueoeo iaiaiyoue eo ia ae?oaea
OeA yoiai aeaea (iaueiiaaiiua))

– aeoeee o?oaeiauo eieeaeoeaia e aeoeee i?aaei?eyoee

– «cieioay» aeoeey (ia 3 aiaea)

auioneaaony i?aaei?eyoeai, iaiythuei oi?io nianoaaiiinoe

aeaaeaeaoe eiaao i?aai aaoi (eciaiaiey, aiineiua a onoaa i?aaei?eyoey,
aii?in i aianaiee a caeia, ?ai?aaiecaoeee, eeeaeaeaoeee)Ainoaea?noaaiiua
OeA, eo aeaeu a ca?oaaaeiuo no?aiao e ?O

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia ?OeA aieueoeinoaa ?acaeouo no?ai ain-iua OeA
caieiatho aaaeouaa ianoi. Ain. OeA auaatho 2o oeiia: ?uii/iua (iie iiaoo
naiaiaeii ia?auaoueny e ia?ai?iaeaaaoueny ae?. noauaeoai); ia?uii/iua
(eioi?ua i?eia?aoathony 1 ?ac e ia iiaoo ia?aoiaeeoue ec ?oe a ?oee). Ii
n?ieai iiaaoaiey ain. caeiu iiae?acaeaeythony: e?aoein?i/iua – aei 1
aiaea; n?aaeian?i/iua – io 1 aiaea aei 10 eao; aeieain?i/iua – io 10 aei
30 eao; aann?i/iua – aac n?iea.

?inneeneee ?uiie eiaao ianeieueei eioth eeanneoeeaoeeth ii n?ieai:
e?aoein?i/iua – aei 1 aiaea; n?aaeian?i/iua – io 1 aiaea aei 3-4 eao;
aeieain?i/iua – nauoa 4 eao.

Aeey i?eaea/aiey n?aaenoa aei 1 aiaea a aieueoeinoaa no?ai
eniieuecothony e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa, i?aaeaea anaai eacia/aeneea
aaenaey: NOA e Aaeeeia?eoaiey – ia 91 aeaiue, ssiiiey – 60 aeiae, Eoaeey
– 3, 6, 12 ianyoeaa.

A ea/anoaa n?aaeian?i/iuo iaycaoaeuenoa iieo/eee oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea
eacia/aeneea iiou: NOA – io 1 aiaea aei 10 eao, Eoaeey – 2-3 aiaea,
Aa?iaiey – 3-4 aiaea.

Aeieain?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa (aiiu e iaeeaaoeee) eieaaethony a i/aiue
oe?ieeo i?aaeaeao: NOA – io 10 aei 30 eao, Aiaeey – 20-25, O?aioeey –
7-30, ssiiiey – 10-25.

Ioa/anoaaiiue ?uiie iaeeaaoeee – yoi oiaea, aeaaiui ia?acii, ?uiie ain.
iaeeaaoeee.

Iaeaieaa ecaanoiua ec ?uii/iuo caeiia:

1) ain. e?aoein?i/. iayc-aa (AEI) – ?aciauaeenue ia IIAA, aia?aua
auiouaiu a 1993 aiaeo, iaeeaaoeee aeeneiioiua, auioneaeenue a
aaciaee/iie oi?ia ia 3, 6, 12 ian., yieoaio – Ieioei, aaaio ii
ianeoaeeaaieth auionea – OeA ?O, ?aciauaiea – a aeaea ia?ae/iuo
aoeoeeiiia, iia?aoeee n AEI iiaeii inouanoaeyoue oieueei /a?ac aaiee e
oei. i?aaiecaoeee, oiieiiii/aiiua OeA ?O

iie aeaeeeenue ia 2 eaoaai?ee:

– ia?ae/iua aeeea?u (iie iaycaiu i?eia?aoaoue AEI ia aoeoeeiia a iauaia
ia iaiaa 1% iiieiae. noiiu auionea, iie eiaee i?aai eioe?iaaoue
iaeeaaoeee ia aoi?e/iii ?uiea)

– aoi?e/iua aeeea?u (ia eiaee iaycaoaeuenoa ii iauaio cayaie, ii ia
iiaee eioe?iaaoue iaeeaaoeee ia aoi?e/iii ?uiea)

2) iaeeaaoeee oaaea?ae. caeiia n ia?aiaiiui eoiiiii (IOCIE) – aia?aua
auiouaiu a 1995 1993 a., iaeeaaoeee n ia?aiaiiui eoiiiii, yae.
n?aaeian?i/iuie OeA, yieoe?othony a aacaeieoiaioa?iie oi?ia, i?ioeaioiay
noaaea aeey niioaaonoa. eoiiia ?ann/eouaaaony ia iniiaa auionea AEI e
ii?aaeaeyaony eae n?aaeiaacaaoaiiay aeioiaeiinoue ca iineaaeiea 4
oi?aiaua nannee aei aeaou iauyaeaiey eoiiia

3) iaeeaaoeee ain. naa?aaaoaeueiiai caeia (IANC) – aia?aua ?aciauaiu
inaiueth 1995 a. ia n?ie 1 aiae, caoai ia 2 aiaea, yoi n?aaeian?i/.
i?aaeuyaeoaeueneay aoiaaa, auioneaaiay a aeieoiaioa?iie oi?ia, n
ieaaathuei eoiiiii

4) iaeeaaoeee aioo?. aaethoiiai caeia (IAAC) – aia?aua auiouaiu a 1993
a. a n/ao iiaaoaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe Aiaoyeiiiiaaiea, auiouaii 6 o?aioae
(7), aoiaae auiouaiu a aeieoiaioa?iie oi?ia iiieiaeii 1000,
10000I?iecaiaeiua OeA, eo aeaeu

I?iecaiaeiua OeA aicieeee a i?ioeanna ?acaeoey ?OeA i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeouo
no?ai. I?iecaiaeiuie OeA iacuaathony iioiio, /oi iie aoi?e/iu ii
ioiioaieth e iniiaiui OeA – aeoeeyi e iaeeaaoeeyi. E iei ioiinyo
iioeeiiu ia OeA, oueth/a?nu, aa??aiou, aia?eeaineea aeaiiceoa?iua
?anienee.

Iioeeii – naeaeea, aeathuay i?aai aai aeaaeaeueoeo eoieoue eee i?iaeaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai OeA ii oeene?iaaiiie oeaia a oa/aiea
iaiai?aiiiai n?iea. Iieoiay iioeeii, iieoiaoaeue ieaoeo aai i?iaeaaoeo
i?aieth, yoi aaeeinoa. ia?aiaiiay aaee/eia naeaeee. Ana inoaeueiua
oneiaey e noiiu eciaiaieth ia iiaeeaaeao. Iioeeiiu auaatho 2o aeaeia:
iioeeii-«eiee» e iioeeii-«ioo». N?ie aeaenoaey iioeeiia – 6 ian.

Oei. oueth/a?n – eiio?aeo, iaycaoaeuenoai, a ia i?aai auai?a ia iieoieo
eee i?iaeaaeo noaiaea?oiiai eie-aa ii?aaeaeaiiiai aeaea OeA ia
ii?aaeaeaiioth aeaoo a aoaeouai ii oeaia ca?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiie i?e
caeeth/aiee naeaeee. A yoeo noaiaea?oiuo eiio?aeoao ?aaeaiaioe?othony
ana ia?aiao?u: n?ie eniieiaiey, ?acia? noaiaea?oiiai eioa, aa?aioeeiue
no?aoiaie aeaiiceo, oeacuaaaony .

Aa??aiou – OeA, aeathuea naiaio aeaaeaeueoeo a aoaeouai eoieoue ii
ca?aiaa oneiaeaiiie oeaia ii?aaeaeaiiia eie-ai OeA. N?ie aeaenoaey
aa??aioa – aei 10-20 eao.

Aia?. aeaiiceoa?iua ?anienee – naiaiaeii ia?auaaiua ?anienee ia eiino?.
aeoeee, aeaiiie?iaaiiua a aaieao NOA.Oeiainiaua eino?oiaiou ia ?OeA

Iiieii o?aaeeoeeiiiuo eeanne/aneeo e i?iecaiaeiuo OeA a i?iiuoeaiii
?acaeouo no?aiao oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiu oei. eino?oiaiou, eioi?ua
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie e?aaeeoiua i?oaeey ia?auaieye iaeei ec niiniaia
iiaeeecaoeee ii?aaeaeaiiie noiiu aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa. Iaeaieaa cia/eiua
– aeaiiceoiua e naa?aaaoaeueiua na?oeoeeaou e aaenaey. Aeaiiceoiua e
naa?aaaoaeueiua na?oeoeeaou yieoe?otho aaiee, n?ie – 1 aiae. Aeaiiceoiua
na?oeoeeaou auioneathony aeey th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, naa?aaaoaeueiua – aeey
oece/aneeo.Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua OeA, eo aeaeu

A ?acoeueoaoa eioa?iaoeeiiaeecaoeee ?OeA /a?ac iaaeaeoia?iae. oei.
oeaio?u noaee auaeaeyoue iaaeaeoia?iaeiua OeA, eee aa?iaoiaae. E iei
ioiinyony: aa?iiiou, aa?iiaeeaaoeee, aa?iaeoeee.

Aa?iiiou – OeA, auioneaaiua ei?ii?aoeeyie ia n?ie io 3 aei 6 ian. n
eciaiythuaeny noaaeie. Aa?iiiou – e?aoein?i/iua OeA, eniieuecothony aeey
i?aaeinoaaeaiey n?aaeian?i/iiai e?aaeeoa.

Aa?iiaeeaaoeee – auioneathony ni 2ie iieiaeiu 60-o aa., ?aaeecothony
aa?icaeiu ia ?uieao ianeieueeeo no?ai, a ?iee iniiaiuo yieoaioia
aunooiatho i?aa-aa, iaaeaeoia?iae. o/?aaeaeaiey, ianoiua i?aaiu aeanoe,
o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiua ei?ii?aoeee; auioneathony ia aeeeoaeueiua n?iee (io
4-7 eao aei 15, 30, 40 eao), ?acia? aa?iiaeeaaoeeiiiiai caeia ninoaaeyao
20, 30 iei. aeiee., eiiaaea aei 300, 500 iei. aeiee.

Aa?iaeoeee – naiaiaeii ia?auathueany eiaanoeoeeiiiua aoiaae, aeathuea
i?aai eo aeaaeaeueoeo ia /anoue aeoeaia yieoaioa, ia /anoue iieo/aaiie
ei i?eauee. Iauai aa?iaeoeee iaiueoa, /ai aa?iiaeeaaoeee.No?oeoo?a
nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea OeA

?OeA (oiiaeiaue ?uiie) i?aaenoaaeyao niaie /anoue oei. ?uiea, ii oniaoii
aeiiieiyao nenoaio aaieianeiai e?aaeeoa, auioneaao OeA. I?aaei?eyoea
iiaeao iieo/eoue oei. n?aaenoaa ia aeeeoaeueiue ia?eiae a?aiaie
(ianeieueei aeanyoeeaoee) eee a aann?i/iia (aeoeee). A ?iee yieoaioa –
ain-ai, eiaanoi?ia – oec. eeoea, oei.-e?aaeeoiua i?aaei?eyoey iaeiai
aeciana. Ia?aue ?OeA a no?aiao ?uii/. yeiiiieee, aaea i?ienoiaeeo
iaiin?aaenoa. ?aciauaiea n?aco iinea yiennee, e aoi?e/iue, ia eioi?ii
ia?auathony ?aiaa auiouaiiua aoiaae.

*a?ac ia?ae/iue iai?io inouanoaeyaony aeaaiui ia?acii oeiaine?iaaiea
aini?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna, o.a. ia?ae/iia inouanoaeyaony n
oeaeueth i?eaea/aiey aeiiieieoae. oei. ?ano?nia. Ia aoi?e/iii ?uiea n
iiiiuueth eoiee-i?iaeaaee aeoeee e ae?oaeo OeA eaeao ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea
eiio?iey iaae aeayoaeueiinoueth ?acee/iuo eiiiaiee. Ia?ae/iue ?uiie,
iaeaaeathuee nianoa. iaoiaeaie ?aciauaiey, i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
naiinoiyoaeueiue e neiaeiue iaoaieci. Ia?ae/iue ?uiie i?iioneaao /a?ac
naay iiaua auionee OeA, eioi?ua caoai i?e neaaeothuae iieoiea e
ia?aeoiea ooiaeyo ia oiiaeiaoth ae?aeo, ii iiaeaaeythuay /anoue iiauo
OeA (e i?aaeaea anaai iaeeaaoeee) ia aica?auathony ia ae?aeo e
iaoiaeyony a ?oeao e?aaeeoii-oei. einoeoooia (aaieia, eiaanoeoe.
eiiiaiee, no?aoiauo, iaineiiiuo oiiaeia). Aieinoue aoi?e/iiai ?uiea
i?aauoaao aieinoue ia?ae/iiai. Aeey ae?ae. ?uiea oa?aeoa?ii iaee/ea
ii?aaeaeaiiiai ianoa oi?aiaee OeA. Aeey aiaae?ae. oi?aiaee ?OeA ia
eieaeeciaai ii ii?aaeaeaiiui ianoai i?iaaaeaiey oi?aia. Ia aiaae?ae.
?uiea inouanoaeyaony iieoiea OeA /a?ac naoue oe?i, caieiathueony
iia?aoeeyie n OeA. Aiaae?ae. nenoaiu eiatho naie i?aaeea oi?aiaee,
aeiionea e ioai?a o/anoieeia oi?aia, ioee/iua io i?aaee aeiionea ia
ae?aea. O/anoieee. Ia ?OeA acaeiiaeaenoaotho yieoaiou, aeaaeaeueoeu OeA
(eiaanoi?u) e i?io. o/anoieee ?OeA. Yieoaio OeA – th?. eeoei eee i?aaiu
eniieieoae. aeanoe, i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, ianouea io naiaai
eiaie iaycaoaeuenoaa ia?aae aeaaeaeueoeaie OeA ii inouanoaeaieth i?aa,
cae?aieaiiuo o ieo. Aeaaeaeaoe OeA – eeoei, eioi?iio OeA i?eiaaeeaaeao
ia i?aaa nianoa-oe eee ae?. ee/iii i?aaa. Aeaaeaeueoeu OeA aeaeyony ia 2
aieueoea eaoaai?ee – eiaanoi?ia e niaeoeyioia. Eiaanoi? iieoiaao OeA ia
aeeeoae. n?ie n oeaeueth inouanoaeaiey aeieain?i/iuo aeiaeaiee.
Niaeoeyio ea?aao ia e?aoein?i/iuo eieaaaieyo eo?na. I?io. o/anoieee ?OeA
– th?. eeoea, oec. eeoea, ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiua a ea/anoaa
i?aaei?eieiaoaeae, eioi?ua inouanoaeytho ia ?OeA aeaeu aeayo-oe,
ii?aaeaeaiiuo. Iau/ii e i?io. aeayo-oe ia ?OeA ioiinyo:

1)a?iea?neoth (a?iea? – i?io. iin?aaeiee ia ?OeA, e eioi?iio ia?auaaony
eeeaio, aeaeathuee eoieoue eee i?iaeaoue OeA; a?iea? inouanoaeyao yoe
iia?aoeee a eioa?anao eeeaioa e ca aai n/ao eeai ii aeiaiai?o ii?o/aiey
eeai aeiaiai?o eiiennee; a?iea? i.a. eae oec., oae e th?. eeoeii.)

1) aeeea?neoth (aeeea? – i?io. o/anoiee, iin?aaeiee ia oiiaeiaii ?uiea,
niaa?oathuee naeaeee eoiee-i?iaeaaee io naiaai eiaie e ca naie n/ao;
i.a. oieueei th?. eeoeii, yaeythuaany eiiia?/aneie i?aaiecaoeeae)

2) aeaiiceoa?ee – ianoi o?aiaiey aeieoiaioa?iuo OeA (oeaeueth
aeaiiceoa?iie aeayo-oe yaeyaony ia oieueei o?aiaiea, ii e o/ao i?aa ii
OeA; iiaeao ieacuaaoue e aeii. oneoae, naycaiiua n o?aiaieai OeA)

3) oi?aaeaiea OeA (iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny a oi?ia o?anoa th?. e oec.
eeoeaie io naiaai eiaie)

4) aeayo-oue ii ii?aaeaeaieth acaeiiuo iaycaoaeuenoa (eee?eia) –
acaeiica/ao, i?e eioi?ii noi?iiu iieo/atho aa?aioeth eniieiaiey
iaycaoaeuenoa ii naeaeeai; eee?eiaiaua i.a. oieueei th?. eeoeaie

5) aeayo-oue ii aaaeaieth ?aano?ia aeaaeaeueoeaa OeA – nai?, oeenaoeey,
ia?aaioea, o?aiaiea e i?aaeinoaaeaiea aeaiiuo, ninoaaeythueo nenoaio
aaaeaiey ?aano?a aeaaeaeueoeaa OeA; ?aaeno?aoi?ii aeaaeaeueoeaa OeA i.a.
oieueei th?. eeoei

6) aeayo-oue ii i?aaiecaoeee oi?aiaee ia ?OeA – i?aaeinoaaeaiea oneoa,
niinianoaothueo caeeth/aieth a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiauo naeaeie iaaeaeo
o/anoieeaie ?uiea.

E i?io. o/anoieeai ?OeA oaeaea ioiineony oiiaeiaay ae?aea.Ia?ae/iue
(iaae?aeaaie) ?OeA

Ia?ae/iue ?OeA – ?uiie, ia eioi?ii inouanoaeyaony ?aciauaiea aia?aua
auiouaiiuo OeA. Iniiaiuie o/anoieeaie yae. yieoaiou OeA e eiaanoi?u.
Eiaiii ia ia?ae/iii ?uiea inouanoaeyaony iiaeeecaoeey a?aiaiii
naiaiaeiuo aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa e eiaanoe?iaaiea eo a yeiiiieeo.
Ia?ae/iue ?uiie ia oieueei iaania/eaaao iaeiieaiea a ianooaaa iaoe.
yeiiiieee – ia iai i?ienoiaeeo ?ani?aaeaeaiea naiaiaeiuo aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa ii io?aneyi e noa?ai iaoe. yeiiiieee. E?eoa?eai aeaiiiai
?aciauaiey a oneiaeyo ?uii/. yeiiiieee neoaeeo aeioiae, i?eiineiue OeA,
/oi icia/aao /oi naiaiaeiua aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa iai?aaeythony a
io?anee, noa?u oic-aa, iaania/eaathuea iaeneiaeueiue aeioiae. Ia?ae/iue
?uiie aunooiaao n?aaenoaii nicaeaiey yooaeoeaiie n o. c?. ?uii/iuo
e?eoa?eaa no?oeoo?u iaoe. yeiiiieee, iiaeaea?aeeaaao
i?iii?oeeiiaeueiinoue oic-aa i?e neiaeeaoaiony a aeaiiue iiiaio o?iaith,
i?eaueue ii ioaeaeueiui i?aaei?eyoeyi e io?aneyi. Ii yaeyaony
oaeoe/aneei ?aaoeyoi?ii ?uii/. yeiiiieee, ii?aaeaeye ?acia?u iaeiieaiey
e eia., ii?aaeaeyao oaiiu, ianooaau e yooaeoeaiinoue iaoe. yeiiiieee.
?aciauaiea ia?ae/iuo ?OeA: ?ani?aaeaeaiea, iiaeienea, eiiaa?oaoeey. I?e
?ani?aaeaeaiee ?a/ue eaeao i aeii. auionea aeoeee n?aaee aeoeeiia?ia.
I?e eiiaa?oaoeee yieoe?iaaiiua OeA iaiaieaathony ia ?aiaa auiouaiiua.
?uii/iia ?aciauaiea auiouaiiuo OeA a iniiaiii i?ienoiaeeo ii iiaeienea,
2 ae?oaeo niiniaa i?aeoe/anee ia aeatho aiciiaeiinoe eciaieoue ninoaa
aea?aeaoaeae aeoeeiia?iuo aoiaa eiiiaiee. Aeey i?iaaaeaiey iiaeienee
yieoaio /aua anaai iieuecoaony oneoaaie niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo
iin?aaeieeia, a ea/anoaa eioi?uo aunooiatho eiiiaiee ii OeA, eiaanoeoe.
eiiiaiee, aaiee. I?ioeaaeo?a auaiaea OeA yieoaioa ia ?uiie n iiiiuueth
eiaanoeoe. iin?aaeieea iineo iacaaiea aiaea??aeoeia. Ii
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao aieueoeinoaa no?ai eiiiaiee iiaoo i?iaiaeeoue i?yiia
ioe?uoia ?aciauaiea aeoeee, o.a. ?aciauaiea aac iiiiue aiaea??aeoa?ia,
o.a. i?iaeaaea aeoeee iai?yioth eiaanoi?ai. Eiaanoeoe. iin?aaeiee aa?ao
ia naay ia?aae yieoaioii a ioiioaiee auioneaaiuo OeA ii?aaeaeaiiua
oneiaey:

1) a aa?aioe?iaaiiii iaycaoaeuenoaa iin?aaeieea aueoieoue aanue auione
OeA aeaiiiai yieoaioa ii oeaia i?aaeeiaeaiey; eee i?aaeoniao?eaaao
iaycaoaeuenoaa iin?aaeieea aueoieoue aanue auione aeoeee yieoaioa ii
ii?aaeaeaiiie oeaia, iaiueoae, /ai oeaia i?aaeeiaeaiey aeey
iineaaeothuae i?iaeaaee noi?iiiei eiaanoi?ai

2) a aa?aioe?iaaiiii iaycaoaeuenoaa iin?aaeieea aueoieoue
ia?aaeeciaaiioth /anoue auionea aeaiiiai yieoaioa

3) a iaania/aiee «iaeneiaeueiuo oneeee» ii ?aaeecaoeee OeA yieoaioa, yoi
icia/aao, /oi iin?aaeiee niaeaoaaony aeaenoaiaaoue eeoue a ea/anoaa
oi?aiaiai aaaioa, o.a. iin?aaeiee iaycoaony eeoue i?aaeeaaaoue aeoeee
ioaeeea ii oeene?iaaiiie oeaia a oa/aiea iaiai?aiiiai n?iea; anee e
ieii/aieth n?iea ia oaeaaony i?iaeaoue onoaiiae. ieieiae. /enei aeoeee,
i?aaeeiaeaiea a niioaaonoaee n oaeei niaeaoaieai aiioee?oaony.Nouiinoue,
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaua oi?iu e no?oeoo?a nia?. oiiaeiaie ae?aee

N o. c?. i?aaiaiai noaoona a ie?iaie i?aeoeea nouanoaotho 3 oeia
oiiaeiauo ae?ae:

1) ioaee/ii-i?aaiaua (yoe ae?aee eiatho noaoon ain. o/?aaeaeaiey e
iaoiaeyony iiae iinoiyiiui ain. eiio?ieai; ain-ai o/anoaoao a
ninoaaeaiee i?aaee ae?ae e eiio?iee?oao eo auiieiaiea, iaania/eaaao
i?aaiii?yaeie ai a?aiy oi?aia, iacia/aao ae?aeaauo iaeea?ia; yoio oei
iieo/ee iaeaieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea a Aa?iaiee e ai )

2) /anoiua (nicaeathony a oi?ia , aeoeeiia?aie eioi?uo yaeythony
/anoiua eiiiaiee; oaeea ae?aee aaniethoii naiinoiyoaeueiu, ii a oi aea
a?aiy ana naeaeee niaa?oathony a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii, ia?ooaiea eioi?iai i?aaeiieaaaao ii?aae.
ioaaonoa-oue; ia oaeeo ae?aeao ain-ai ia aa?ao ia naay ie eaeeo aa?aioee
ii iaania/aieth noaaeeueiinoe oi?aiaee e nieaeaieth ?enea oi?aiauo
naeaeie; ?ani?ino?aiai a Aiaeee e NOA)

3) niaoaiiua (eiaaea oiiaeiaua ae?aee nicaeathony eae AI, ii i?e yoii
ia iaiaa 50% eaieoaea i?eiaaeeaaeeo ain-ao; oa?aeoa?iu aeey Aano?ee,
Oaaeoea?ee, Oaaoeee)

Ii ?in. caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao oiiae. ae?aea nicaeaaony a oi?ia
iaeiiia?/aneie i?aaiecaoeee, /eaiaie ae?aee i.a. oieueei th?. eeoea –
i?io. o/anoieee ?OeA; ii?yaeie anooieaiey, auoiaea e eneeth/aiey ec
/eaiia ae?aee ii?aaeaeythony naiinoiyoaeueii ia iniiaa aioo?.
aeieoiaioia. Aunoei caeiiiaeaoaeueiui i?aaiii oi?aaeaiey ae?aee yae.
iauaa nia?aiea /eaiia ae?aee. E eneeth/eoae. nia?aiey ioiinyony iauaa
?oeiaiaenoai ae?aee, ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae, caaea/ eo aeayo-oe, no?aoaaee
aa ?acaeoey, oi?ie?iaaiea auai?iuo i?aaiia, aianaiea e ooaa?aeaeaiea
eciaiaiee ai aioo?eae?ae. Ii?iaoeaiuo aeieoiaioao, i?eai iiauo /eaiia
ae?aee. Aeey iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey ae?aeae auae?aaony ae?aeaaie niaao.
Ii yaeyaony eiio?ieueii-?anii?yaeeoaeueiui i?aaiii oaeouaai oi?aaeaiey
ae?aeae e ?aoaao ana aii?inu aa aeayo-oe, e?iia aii?inia, eioi?ua iiaoo
?aoaoueny oieueei ia iauai nia?aiee. Ia ae?aeaaie niaao aiceaaathony :
caneooeaaiea e ioeaiea i?aaeaiey, aianaiea eciaiaiee a i?aaeea oi?aiaee,
onoaiiaeaiea ?acia?ia anao aciinia, auieao, aeaiaaeiuo eiienneiiiuo
nai?, ?oeiaiaenoai ae?aeaauie oi?aaie, iaai e oaieueiaiea ia?niiaea
ae?aee. Ec ninoaaa niaaoa ae?aee oi?ie?oaony i?aaeaiea, eioi?ia
iaiin?aaenoaaiii inouanoaeyao iia?aoeaiia ?oeiaiaenoai ae?aeae e
i?aaenoaaeyao aa a i?aaiecaoeeyo. Aeaaiia eeoei ae?aee – i?aceaeaio,
iacia/aaiue i?aaeaieai. Eiio?ieue ca oeiainiai-oicyenoaaiiie aeayo-oueth
ae?aee inouanoaeyao ?aaeceiiiay eiienney, eioi?ay ecae?aaony iauei
nia?aieai /eaiia ae?aee iaeiia?aiaiii n ae?ae. ?aaeceiiiay eiienney a
i?aaa ioeaieoue i?aaiii/iinoue ?aoaiee, i?eieiaaiuo i?aaiaie oi?aaeaiey
ae?aee. E iauaio nia?aieth /eaiia ae?aee ?aa. eiienney i?iaiaeeo
aeieoiaioa?ioth i?iaa?eo (aeayo-oe ae?aee, aa oi?aiauo, ?an/aoiuo,
aaethoiuo e ae?. iia?aoeee.) ?aa. eiienney i?iaa?yao: ninoiyiea n/aoia
ae?aee e aeinoiaa?iinoue aoo. aeieoiaioaoeee, a o./. iinoaiiaeo e
i?aaeeueiinoue iia?aoeaiiai aoo. e noaoenoe/. o/aoa e io/aoiinoe,
auiieiaiea onoaiiae. ii?iaoeaia, niao, eeieoia, niaethaeaiea ae?aeae e
aa i?aaiaie caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia, eino?oeoeee, ?aoaiea iaueo nia?aiee
/eaiia ae?aee, naiaa?aiaiiinoue e i?aaeeueiinoue io/eneaiee e auieao, a
o./. io/eneaiee a athaeaeao. Iieeoeea ae?aee i?iaiaeeony a aeecie
eiieoaoaie, eioi?ua ninoiyo ec /eaiia ae?aee, iacia/aaiuo niaaoii
aee?aeoi?ia. Ia ?aciuo ae?aeao eiieoaou iacuaathony ii-?aciiio, iaeiaei
iniiaiuie, eioi?ua ano?a/athony ia eaaeaeie ae?aea, yaeythony eiieoao ii
i?eaio iiauo /eaiia, a?aeo?aaeiue eiieoao, eiieoao ii aeaeiaie yoeea,
iaaethaeaoaeueiue eiieoao, eiieoao ii eenoeiao, eiieoao ii oi?aiaiio
caeo.O/anoieee ae?aeaaie oi?aiaee e /eainoaa ia oiiaeiaie ae?aea

Eaaeaeia ia?auaiea ii iiaiaeo iieo/aiey /eainoaa ?anniao?eaaaony ii
ii?aae. i?ioeaaeo?a, iniiaiua iiiaiou eioi?uo io?aaeaiu a ae?aeaaii
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa e i?aaeeao ae?aee. Yoa i?ioeaaeo?a i?ecaaia
onoaiiaeoue i?ioanneiiaeueioth, oeiainiaoth i?io. o/anoieea a ae?aeaaie
?aaioa. Ae?aee ouaoaeueii i?iaa?ytho eaaeaeiai eaiaeeaeaoa, aioiayuaainy
anooieoue a aa /eaiu, ia?auay iniaia aieiaiea ia e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoue,
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue, oa?aeoa? e /anoiinoue. Ia iiiaeo ae?aeao
o?aaiaaiey e /eaiai i?aaeaeueii eiie?aoece?iaaiu. Iai?eia?, ?oeiaiaenoai
ae?aee iiaeao iio?aaiaaoue io eaiaeeaeaoa, /oiau ia iaiaa 40%
aee?aeoi?ia e ia?oia?ia, anooiathueo a ae?aeo, aeoeaii o/anoaiaaee a
eiaanoeoe. , a eeoea, ia eiathuea e iaio ioiioaiey, aeaaeaee ia aieaa
10% aeoeee. Ieii/aoaeueiue aii?in i i?eaia /eaia ae?aee ?aoaao niaao
aee?aeoi?ia, eeai iauaa nia?aiea iooai aieiniaaiey. I?aoaiaeaio
n/eoaaony i?eiyoui a /eaiu ae?aee, anee 2/3 aieinia i?iaieiniaaee «ca».
*eainoai ia ae?aea aeaao ii?aae. i?aaa e naycaiu n auiieiaieai ?yaea
iaycaoaeuenoa. Iaeaieaa aaaeiuie i?eaeeaaeyie yaeyaony aeiione a
oi?aiaue cae e oiaiueoaiea ieaou ca naeaeeo. Aaaeiia i?aeiouanoai –
o/anoaiaaoue a oi?aaeaiee ae?aeae, oi?ioee?iaaoue eee eciaiyoue i?aaeea
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ae?aee, iieo/aoue ?uii/ioth eioi?iaoeeth ?aiueoa oao,
eoi ia yaeyaony /eaiii ae?aee e o.ae. A iaycaiiinoe /eaiia ae?aee
aoiaeeo oieaoa aciinia. Aaeaaiaeiue aciin ia ae?aeao NOA eieaaeaony io
ianeieueeeo nioai aei ianeieueeeo ouny/ aeieea?ia. Yoe noiiu, n?aaenoaa,
aeeoioee?oaiua ia?ae/iua i?iaeaaee iano aianoa n ae?aeaauie nai?aie
iaania/eaatho ae?aeai aeioiae, eioi?ue eaeao ia aa oaeouaa
niaea?aeaiea.Iia?aoeeiiiue iaoaieci oiiaeiaie ae?aee, nenoaia eenoeiaa e
iniiaiua aeaeu naeaeie ia oiiaeiaie ae?aea

Ae?ae. nanney – onoaiiae. caeiiii eee ?anii?yaeeii ?aaiou ae?aee ia?eiae
i?iaaaeaiey oi?aia. A iniiaiii ae?aee i?aeoeeotho oo?aiithth e
aa/a?ithth. Iaeei ec iniiaiiieaaathueo i?eioeeiia ?aaiou ae?aee –
iaania/aiea eeeaeaeiinoe ?uiea. Eeea. ?uiie oa?aeoa?ecoaony aieueoei
iauaiii naeaeie, oceei ?ac?uaii iaaeaeo oeaiie i?iaeaaoea e oeaiie
iieoiaoaey e iaaieueoeie eieaaaieyie naeaeee. Ioeeiiaiea io yoeo ii?i
/?aaaoi ?acaeoeai e?eieiiaaiiie neooaoeee, i?iyaeaieai iaie/aneieai
iano?iaiey n?aaee eiaanoi?ia. ?aaioa oiiae. ae?aee ai anao no?aiao
no?ieony ia iaueo i?eioeeiao, niaethaeaiea eioi?uo yae. aa?aioeae
oniaoiie ae?aeaaie oi?aiaee:

1. Ee/iia aeiaa?ea iaaeaeo a?iea?ii e eeeaioii

2. Aeaniinoue – ioaeeeaoeey naaaeaiee i anao naeaeeao e aeaiiuo,
o?aaothueony aeey i?iaaaeaiey eenoeiaa

3. AEanoeia ?aaoee?iaaiea aeayo-oe oe?i, /eaiia ae?aee n aiciiaeiinoueth
i?eiaiaiey aaeieieno?. e oei. naieoeee

Iia?aoe. iaoaieci oiiae. ae?aee oa?aeoa?ecoaony i?a-oeeae ia iae
oi?aiaee OeA. I?aaiecaoeey oi?aiaee – yoi ii?aae. ii?yaeie, e-?ue
auiieiyaony i?e eoiea-i?iaeaaea aoiaa.

Ii oi?ia i?iaaaeaiey ?acee/atho: 1) iinoiyiiua, 2) naciiiua, 3)
eiioaeoiua (oeaia iacia/aaony aieinii), 4) aaneiioaeoiua oi?ae.

Yeaeo?iiiua oi?ae i?iaiaeyony n eniieueciaaieai niaoe. iiaoo
ioaaouaaoue ethaoth oa??eoi?eth, iaia?aie/aiiia /enei i?iaeaaoeia e
iieoiaoaeae e aeeth/aoue a aieueoie iauai eio-oeee. *anoi yeaeo?.
oi?ae inouanoaeythony n oeaio?ae. ae?ae. ieiuaaeee, /a?ac naoue
?aaeiiae. Oa?ieiaeia, ?aaioathueo a ?aaeeia ii-eaei.

Ii oi?ia i?a-oeee ?acee/atho: i?inoie (ia iai iaaethaeaaony eeai
eiieo?aioeey i?iaeaaoeia, eeai eiieo?aioeey iieoiaoaeae) e aeaieiie
aoeoeeii.

E i?inoui aoeoeeiiai ioiineony aiae. aoeoeeii (aoeoeeii i?iaeaaoea). Ii
eaeao «ii oaaai» io ieieiae. aei iaen. oeaiu. Cayaee i?iaeaaoeia
naiaeyony a eioe?iaae. Atheeaoaiue ii ia/ae. oeaia aei ia/aea oi?aia.
?acia? «oaaa» ii?aaeaeyaony io ia/aea oi?aia e iau/ii onoaiaaeeaaaony a
?acia?a io 5 aei 10 % e ia/ae. oeaia. I?iaeaaea inouanoaeyaony ii naiie
aunieie oeaia, i?aaeeiaeaiiie iineaae. iieoiaoaeai.

Aieeaiaeneee aoeoeeii (aoeoeeii iieoiaoaey) i?aaieciaai ii i?eioeeio
«ia?aiai iieoiaoaey», eaeao io aunoae oeaia e iecoae, i?iaeaaea
inouanoaeyaony ii ieieiae. oeaia.

Aeaieiie aoeoeeii iniiaai ia iaeiia?aiaiiie eiieo?aioeee i?iaeaaoea e
iieoiaoaey. Caaea/a eenoeiaa – i?iaa?ea oei. iieiaeaiey
eiiiaiee-yieoaioa, e-?ay i?iaiaeeony ia i?eioeeiao aoaeeoa. OeA,
iinooiathuea ia ae?aeo, i?iaa?ythony niaoe. eiienneae (eiienneae
eenoeiaa). I?aeiouanoaa eenoeiaa – iiauoaiiue o?iaaiue eeeaeaeiinoe OeA,
eo aunieay ia?eaoaaaeueiinoue (aiaeiinoue e ?aaeecaoeee ia ?uiea),
i/aaeaeiua auaiaeu io ioiineoaeueii noaaeeueiie oeaiu yoeo aoiaa.
Eaaeaeay ae?aea eiaao no?iaea i?aaeea aeiionea aoiaa e oi?aai.Iaoe.
iniaaiiinoe oiiae. ae?ae a ?acaeouo no?aiao. Ae?aeaaua eiaeaenu

Eaaeaeay ae?aea eiaao no?iaea i?aaeea aeiionea aoiaa e oi?aai.

E?oiiaeoay ae?aea ie?a – Iueth-Ei?eneay – i?aaeuyaeyao neaae. o?aaiaaiey
(ieieiaeueiua) e eiiiaieyi-yieoaioai:

1. Iauaa eie-ai aea?aeaoaeae aeoeee, aeiioneaaiuo ia ae?aeo, ae.a. ia
iaiaa 2200, a o./. aea?aeaoaeae 100 e aieaa aeoeee – ia iaiaa 2000.

2. No-oue aeoeaia eiiiaiee-yieoaioa ae.a. ia iaiaa 19 iei. aeiee.

3. Eiiiaiey ae.a. i?eaueueiie a oa/aiea 3o iineaaeieo eao.

4. Iauai aaeainiaie i?eauee ca iineaae. aiae aeieaeai ninoaaeyoue ia
iaiaa 2 iei. aeiee.

5. Eie-ai auiouaiiuo aeoeee ae.a. ia iaiaa 1.100.000 oooe.

6. Ca iineaae. iieaiaea ae.a. i?iaeaii ia iaiaa 100 oun. aeoeee.

A Aa?iaiee a i?ioeanna aeiionea e ae?ae. oi?aai ?aoathuoth ?ieue ea?atho
oieaa?naeueiua aaiee, aeayo-oue e-?uo ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia oi?aiaeth OeA,
eo o?aiaiea e oi?aaeaiea.

Aaie, caieiaynue iiaeaioiaeie aeieoiaioia aeey i?ioiaeaeaiey eenoeiaa,
i?eieiaao ia naay ?oeiaiaenoai ii inouanoaeaieth yoie i?ioeaaeo?u.

Aeey oiai, /oiau i?ieoe nenoaio eenoeiaa, i?aaei?eyoey-yieoaiou aeieaeiu
i?inouanoaiaaoue 3 aiaea i?aaeaea, /ai iiaeaoue oiaeaoaenoai i aeiionea
OeA e eioe?iaea ia ae?aea.

Aianoa n iiaea/ae oiaeaoaenoaa ae.a. i?aaenoaaeaiu:

– ioeoeeaeueii caaa?aiiay auienea ec oi?aia ?aano?a

– iineaae. ?aaeno?aoeey onoaaa

– aaeainiaua io/aou e ae?. oei. aeieoiaiou ca iineaae. 3 aiaea

I?aaeiieaaaaiay no-oue iaeaoa OeA aeieaeia aeinoeaaoue 2,5 iei. iaiaoe.
ia?ie (aa?i)

Aeey iaania/aiey aeinoaoi/. o?iaiy ni?ina ia aoiaae, aeiione e-?uo
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony, iaiaoiaeeii ?acianoeoue ia ?uiea ia iaiaa 25 %
onoaa. eaieoaea.

?in. ae?aee, eae i?aaeei, caaeatho ieieiae. ?acia? aeoeaia e eie-aa
yieoe?iaaiiuo aeoeee. Ia 5 e?oiiaeoeo ae?aeao ?innee onoaiiaeaiu oaeea
ea/anoa. e?eoa?ee ioeaiee e aeiionea OeA e ia?auaieth, eae /enei aeoeee
a ia?auaiee e n?ie nouanoaiaaiey aac oauoea, a oaeaea ieieiae. a?aieoea
onoaa. eaieoaea.

I?aoaiaeaio ia aeeth/aiea a nienee aeieaeai i?aaenoaaeoue yienneiiiue
i?iniaeo. Oei. io/ao-oue, ?acia? iauyae-o e auiea/aiiuo aeeaeaeaiaeia.

Oiiae. ae?aee i?iaiaeyo aieueoia eie-ai ?acee/iuo oeiia oiiae.
iia?aoeee, iniiaiuie ec ieo yae.:

– eanniaua naeaeee, ?aaeecaoeey e-?uo inouanoaeyaony n?aco aea iinea
caeeth/aiey naeaeee

– n?i/iua naeaeee, oueth/a?neea eiio?aeou e iioeeiiu

– a?aeo?aaeiua naeaeee – iniiaaiu ia ia?ai?iaeaaea OeA ia ?acee/iuo
ae?aeao, eiaaea eiaaony ?acieoea a eo eo?nao

– iaeaoiua naeaeee – naeaeee ii eoiea-i?iaeaaea e?oiiuo ia?oee OeA

Oiiaeiaua ae?aee ?innee

Iineia. oiiae. ae?aea auea nicaeaia eae iaeiiia?/. ia?oia?noai e a iano.
a?aiy ii eiioeaioeee naiaai ?acaeoey, i?eiyoie i?e o/?aaeaeaiee, yae.
iaeaieaa nia?. ae?aeae. Eieoeeaoi?ii ia?aciaaiey IOA auei i?aa-ai
Iineau, e-?ia oai naiui iuoaeinue caionoeoue oi?ae iineia. ioieoeeiae.
OeA, cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eoue eo eeeaeaeiinoue e iauai oi?aia, nieceoue
oeaio caeinoaiaaiee iooai eiiieaeniiai ?acaeoey eio?ano?oeoo?u aoi?e/.
?uiea, noi?ie?iaaoue aaaeouoth iaoe. nenoaio oi?aiaee ei?ii?aoeaiuie
OeA. O/?aaeeoaeyie IOA noaee aieaa 200 i?a-oeee e i?io. o/anoieeia ?OeA,
a o./. Iineia. iaaeaeoia?iae. Iineia. oeaio?ae. oiiae. ae?aee.
IOA auiieiyao oieueei ooieoeee i?aaiecaoi?a oi?aia, eee?eiaiaua e
aeaiiceoa?. ooieoeee ia?aaeaiu noi?iiiei i?a-oeeyi, aiaoiei ii
ioiioaieth e oiiae. ae?aeai.

IIAA. N iiyaeaieai caeiia i aaetho. ?aaoee?iaaiey aaniie 1991 a. a
?aieao Ainaaiea NNN? ia/ae ooieoeeiie?iaaoue oeaio? i?iaaaeaiey
iaaeaaieia. aaetho. iia?aoeee. N 9 ai?aey 1991 noaee i?iaiaeeoueny
aaeaiaaeaeueiua oi?ae aeieea?ia ca ?in. ?oaee. N ia/aea 1992 OeA,
i?aa-ai Iineau, annioeeaoeey ?in. aaieia e ieiei 30 aaaeoueo eiiia?/.
aaieia o/?aaeeee AI cae?uoiai oeia – Iineia. iaaeaaieia. aaetho. ae?aeo,
e-?ay noaea i?aaii?eaiiiai oeaio?a. Aaaeiaeoei naeoi?ii oi?aiaee ia IIAA
yae. ia?ae/. e aoi?e/. ?uiee ain. OeA. Yoa ae?aea ia oieueei eeaea?, ii
e iiiiiieeno ii oi?aiaea yoeie OeA. A 1996 IIAA noaea 3ae ae?aeae ii
iauaio oi?aia ain. iaeeaaoeeyie n?aaee ae?ae ie?a. Ia IIAA nouanoaoao
naeoeey ii oi?aiaea ei?ii?aoeaiuie OeA.

O?aaiaaiey e eiiiaieyi-yieoaioai, aeoeeyie e-?uo oi?aotho ia IIAA,
auniee. Yieoaioo iaiaoiaeeii i?i?aaioaoue ia ?uiea ia iaiaa 3 eao,
nianoa. eaieoae ia iaiaa 40 iei. ?oa., auionoeoue ia iaiaa 100 aeoeee
eee iaeeaaoeee ia noiio ia iaiaa 3 iei. aeiee. *eaiaie oiiae. naeoeee
IIAA, oi?aothueie aeoeeyie ?in. eiiiaiee, cia/eoaeueii iaiueoa, /ai ia
?ON. Neacuaaaony aei?iaiaecia /eaineiai ianoa (10 oun. aeiee.) e aunieea
eiienneiiiua ii oi?aai. *eai oiiae. naeoeee IIAA iaycai eiaoue
eeoeaiceth i?io. o/anoieea ?OeA a oa/aiea aiaea, aacoauoi/i. aaeain e
i?aaenoaaeoue i?e anooieaiee , ?aeiiaiaeaoeee 2o /eaiia naeoeee, iaeei
ec e-?uo ae.a. aa aeoeeiia?ii.

?ON. Aeaoie ?iaeaeaiey n/eoaaony ethiue 1995 a., eiaaea e iae auee
iiaeeeth/aiu ia?aua ?aaeiiae. eiiiaiee, auea noi?ie?iaaia i?io.
annioeeaoeey o/anoieeia oiiae. ?uiea. A naio. 1996 ia eiioa?aioeee a
Aeaoa?eiao?aa auei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea nicaeaoue aaeeioth oi?aiaoth nenoaio.
A 1997 a nayce n i?eiyoeai caeiia i ?OeA, annioeeaoeey noaea
naii?aaoee?oaiie, a ooieoeee ii i?a-oeee oi?aiaee auee ia?aaeaiu
niaoeeaeueii nicaeaiiiio iaeiiia?/. ia?oia?noao – ?ON. N na?aaeeiu 1998
o/anoieee ?ON aeinoaaeytho eioe?iaee, iieo/atho iia?aoeaioth eio-oeeth i
ninoiyiee ?uiea e caeeth/atho naeaeee a ?aaeeia ?aae. a?aiaie. N
nicaeaiey aaeeiie ae?ae. nenoaiu ?innee auei caaa?oaii a eiioea ethey
1996 a. A yoio iiiaio iauaa /enei aeeea?ia ia i?a-oeeth ?OeA aeinoeaei
273, ec ieo 167 ?aaioaei a Iineaa, 97 – a ?aaeiiao. A ae?ae. nenoaio
?innee aoiaeyo:

1) Neae?neay iaaeaaieia. aaetho. ae?aea (ia/aea oi?ae n 10 ieo. 1995,
eie-ai iia?aeoi?ia 26)

2) Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aneay (19 aeae. 1995, /enei iia?aoi?ia 18)

3) ?inoianeay aaetho. oiiae. ae?aea (n 30 yia. 1996, 8 iia?aoi?ia)

4) O?aeueneay ?aaeiiae. aaetho. ae?aea (n 27 oaa?. 1996, 15 iia?aoi?ia)

5) Aceaonei-Oeoiieaaineay iaaeaaie. aaetho. ae?aea (n ia?oa 1996, 18
iia?aoi?ia)

6) Ieaeaai?iaeneay aaethoii-oiiaeiaay ae?aea (21 iay 1996, 8 iia?aoi?ia)

7) Naia?neay aaetho. iaaeaaie. ae?aea (n 30 ethey 1996, 4
iia?aoi?ia)Nenoaia ?an/aoia e iiaeaaaeaiea eoiaia ii iei; oi?aiaay
?aaeno?aoeey e oi?a. niiinoaaeaiea

A caa-oe io iaoaiecia i?a-oeee ae?ae. oi?aiaee oaoieee caeeth/aiey
naeaeie oaeo eoiee-i?iaeaaee OeA a iia?aoe. caea ae?aee ioi?ieyaony eeai
iaeea?neie caieneie, iiaeienaiiie o/anoieeaie naeaeee niioa. caienueth a
iia?aoe. aeo?iaea eeai iiaeienaieai aeiaiai?a eoiee-i?iaeaaee iaaeaeo
a?iea?aie, eeai caianaieai i?iaaae. iia?aoeee a eiiiuethoa?. nenoaio e
auaea/ae noi?iiaie niioa. aoiaae. ?ania/aoee, eeai a onoiie oi?ia eee ii
oaeaoiio.

A caa-oe io niiniaa caeeth/aiey naeaeee n OeA aeaeyony ia ooaa?aeaeaiiua
e iaooaa?aeaeaiiua. Ooaa?aeae-a naeaeee ia o?aaotho aeii. niaeaniaaiey
oneiaee eee naa?ee ia?aiao?ia oaeeo naeaeie. E ooa-i ioiinyony naeaeee,
niaa?oaiiua a ienuei. oi?ia, eiii. naeaeee, eiathuea acaeiiia
niaeaniaaiea oneiaee. Iaooaa?aeae-a naeaeee – naeaeee, niaa?oaaiua
onoii, ii oaeaoiio eee n iiiiuueth iaeea?. caienee.

Iaeiaei nai oaeo caeeth/aiey naeaeee e aa ?aaeno?aoeey aua ia icia/aao,
/oi iieoiaoaeue noaiiaeony nianoa-eii eoieaiiuo OeA. Iaooa-a naeaeee
o?aaotho aeii. niaeaniaaiey oneiaee e ?an/aoia ii iei.

Aeey i?iaaaeaiey naa?ee eaaeaeue ec /eaiia ae?aee iiaeaao a eiioea aeiy
a eee?eiaiaoth iaeaoo iieiue ia?a/aiue anao caeeth/aiiuo naeaeie.

Iineieueeo ai anao neo/ayo noi?iiaie naeaeie aunooiatho oieueei /eaiu
ae?aee, eee?eiaiaay iaeaoa naa?yao ii eaaeaeie naeaeea
iinooieaoea io i?iaeaaoea e iieoiaoaey. Ia neaae. aeaiue eaaeaeue /eai
ae?aee iieo/aao ec eee?eia. iaeaou oaeie aea nienie, ii ?acaeaeaiiue ia
aeaa /anoe. A 1ie oeacaiu naeaeee, ii e-?ui naaaeaiey i?iaeaaoea e
iieoiaoaey a oi/iinoe niaiaaeatho, 2ie – naeaeee, e-?ua ia?oia?u aeaiiie
oe?iu a nienea ia oeacaee. Ana neo/ae ?anoiaeaeaiey, ioia/aiiua eee?eia.
iaeaou, yae. i?aaeiaoii ?acae?aoaeuenoa iaaeaeo a?iea?aie. I?e yoii
eioa?anu eeeaioia ia aeieaeiu no?aaeaoue. I?e iaia?oaeaiee ioeaie a
naeaeea eee ionoonoaey naeaeee eae oaeiaie, ae?aeaaeee naie
aeiaiaa?eaathony, eaeay noi?iia aa?ao ia naay ecaea?aeee, naycaiiua n
eni?aaeaieai ioeaie. Ai anao neo/ayo yoe ecaea?aeee ianoo ae?ae. Iinea
ooi/iaiey iiaua nienee aiiaue ioi?aaeythony a eee?eia. iaeaoo.
Eniieiaiea naeaeee i?aaeiieaaaao ano?a/iia auiieiaiea iaycaoaeuenoa
i?iaeaaoea e iieoiaoaey. Anee iaeia ec noi?ii ia auiieieo naieo
iaycaoaeuenoa, oi e ae?. noi?iia iiianao oauoee. Iiyoiio ia oiiae.
ae?aeao e eee?eia. i?a-oeeyo iau/ii aeaenoaoao i?eioeei «iinoaaea i?ioea
ieaoaaea». Naia iinoaaea OeA, i?iaeaiiuo e eoieaiiuo i.a. inouanoaeaia
iooai eo ia?aaea/e ec ?oe i?iaeaaoea iieoiaoaeth. Iaeiaei OeA e?oiiuo
eiiiaiee, eiathuea iaoe?iue aoi?e/. ?uiie, iau/ii o?aiyony a
aeaiiceoa?eyo. I?iaeaaaoe OeA, /uee aoiaae o?aiyony a aeaiiceoa?ee,
aeaao oeacaiea aeaiiceoa?eth ia?aaanoe eo ia n/ao iieoiaoaey. Anee
naeaeee eoiee-i?iaeaaee inouanoaeythony n iiiiuueth eee?eia. i?a-oeee,
oi oaeia ?anii?yaeaiea aeaiiceoa?eth aeaao eee?eia. iaeaoa. A niioa-aee
n yoei ii?o/aieai aeaiiceoa?ee inouanoaeyao ia?aaiae yoeo OeA ia n/ao
iia. Aeaaeaeueoea. Naeaeea n/eoaaony eniieiaiiie, eiaaea aeaiiceoa?ee
inouanoaeyao ia?aaiae OeA ii n/aoai «aeaii» e ia?aaeaao eee?eia.
i?a-oeee e o/anoieeai oi?aiaee auienee ni n/aoia i i?iecaaaeaiiuo
ia?aaiaeao. Eiaanoeoeeiiiay iieeoeea e?aaeeoii-oeiainiauo einoeoooia ia
?OeA

Eiiia?/. aaiee eae oieaa?nae. e?aaeeoii-oeiainiaua einoeooou yae.
aeoeaiuie o/anoieeaie ?OeA. I?e auai?a eiaanoeoe. iieeoeee e
ii?aaeaeaiee no?oeoo?u eiaanoeoe. ii?ooaey aaiee ?oeiaiaenoaothony
neaae. e?eoa?eyie: eeeaeaeiinoue, o?iaaiue aeioiaeiinoe, aaee/eia
aaieia. i?ioeaioiuo noaaie. Iniiaiia aieiaiea i?e yoii oaeaeyaony
eeeaeaeiinoe aeoeaia.

Eeea-oue oa?aeoa?ecoaony aiciiaeiinoueth i?iaeaaee OeA a oa/aiea ei?ioe.
a?aiaie aac cia/eoae. oauoeia. Eeea-oue OeA (iaeeaaoeee) oaaee/eaaaony
ii ia?a i?eaeeaeaiey n?iea eo iiaaoaiey. Aeey aieueoeinoaa aaieia
oa?aeoa?ii no?aieaiea aea?aeaoue a naiai eiaanoeoe. ii?ooaea eae iiaeii
aieueoaa eie-ai OeA n ei?io. n?ieaie iiaaoaiey. Iiieii eeea-oe aie.
aieiaiea oaeaeyaony o?iaith aeioiaeiinoe OeA. I?e iaeeiaeiaii o?iaia
eeea-oe aaiee no?aiyony eoieoue oa OeA, e-?ua i?eiinyo aieueoee aeioiae,
ii o?iaaiue aeioiaeiinoe OeA iai?yioth caaeneo io noaiaie ?enea. Iiyoiio
eeoue iacia/eoae. Eie-ai aaieia i?aaeii/eoatho aeeaaeuaaoue
neieueei-ieaoaeue cia/eoae. n?aaenoaa a OeA n aunieei o?iaiai aeioiaea e
aunieie noaiaiueth ?enea. I?e ii?aaeaeaiee ?acia?ia e no?oeoo?u
eiaanoeoe. ii?ooaey aie. aieiaiea oaeaeyaony aaee/eia aaieianeie
i?ioeaioiie noaaee, o.e. i?e aunieii o?iaia aaie. %-oa eo?n OeA
oiaiueoaaony, e iaiai?io. Iiyoiio iaeaie. eioa?an aeey aaiea
i?aaenoaaeytho ia?niaeoeau eciaiaiey %-iuo noaaie. Anee aaie iaeeaeaao
iiieaeaiea %-iuo noaaie, ii iau/ii iieoiaao OeA a oeaeyo eo iineaae.
i?iaeaaee ii aieaa aunieiio eo?no. I?e aunieeo %-iuo noaaeao aeiaieueii
/anoi aaiee iieoiatho e?oiiua ia?oee OeA e i?aaeaea anaai,
n?aaeian?i/iuo e /anoe/ii aeieain?i/iuo a oeaeyo iaania/aiey aeinoaoi/ii
aun. o?iaiy aeioiaeiinoe e iinooieaiee io naieo ii?ooaeueiuo
eiaanoeoeee. Iaeiaei ia anaaaea e ia ai anao no?aiao aaiee naiaiaeiu a
auai?a i?e iieoiea OeA. A ?yaea no?ai io aieia o?aaoaony iiaeaea?aeaiea
ii?aae o?iaiy eeea-oe aaieianeiai aaeaina a oi?ia ii?aae. aeiee
eiaanoeoeee a ai-a OeA. Oioy e a yoii neo/aa aaiee eiatho aiciiaeiinoue
eciaiyoue no?oeoo?o naiaai eiaanoeoe. ii?ooaey, aa?uee?oy oaeae. Aan
ain-o OeA n ?acee/iuie n?ieaie iiaaoaiey. Iau/iie i?aeoeeie aeey
aieueoeinoaa aaieia yae. iiaeaea?aeaiea oaeie no?oeoo?u ?ani?aaeaeaiey
ii?ooaeueiuo eiaanoeoeee ii n?ieai, e-?ay iicaieyao iaania/eoue iino.
?aoeiaine?iaaiea eiaanoeoe. ii?ooaey.

Eiaanoeoe. iieeoeea niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo iaaaieianeeo e?.-oei. einoeoooia
caaeneo io niaoeeoeee eo aeayo-oue:

no?aoiaua eiiiaiee – i?e eiaanoe?iaaiee ioaeatho i?aaeii/oaiea aeoeeyi e
iaeeaaoeeyi ei?ii?aoeee (NOA, Eaiaaea), ai O?aioeee e Aiaeee iniia.
/anoue aeaiaae. oiiaeia iie iiiauatho a aeoeee

iaineiiiua oiiaeu – aeeaaeuaatho naie aeaiaae. n?-aa a aeoeee,
iaeeaaoeee e ain-ua OeA, ioaeaaay i?aaeii/oaiea iaueiia. aeoeeyi

eiaanoeoe. eiiiaiee – inouanoaeytho aeieain?i/iia eiaanoe?iaaiea
yeiiiieee caiaae. no?ai /a?ac i?eia?aoaiea aeoeee e ei?ii?aoea.
iaeeaaoeee

oei. eiiiaiee – i?e ?aciauaiee naieo ?ano?nia ioaeatho i?aaeii/oaiea
aeiaeaieth a ain-ua OeA

aeaaioai?eoae. oiiaeu – aieueooth /anoue eo aeoeaia ninoaaeytho aeoeee e
iaeeaaoeee ei?ii?aoeee

e?aaeeoiua nithcu – oieueei iaaie. /anoue eo aeoeaia (?10%) oi?ie?oaony
ca n/ao aeiaeaiee a ?acee/. aeaeu OeA eae /anoiuo, oae e ain-o.Nenoaia
ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey

Iaeiaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea

Iniaia ianoi a ?aaoee?iaaiee ?OeA caieiaao iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea n OeA.
Eniieuecoy iaeiaiiae-a a ea/anoaa eino?oiaioa ?aaoe-iey ?OeA, ain-ai
?aoaao a o./. e naie i?iaeaiu: onei?yao i?ioeann iiaaoaiey aeaoeoeeoa
ain. athaeaeaoa iooai aaaaeaiey eueaio ii iaeiaiiae-th ia aeioiae ai-o
OeA. Iiaeiaiui ia?acii ain-ai iiiu?yao oeiaine?iaaiea nioe-o i?ia?aii.
Oae, a caiaae. no?aiao naiuie eueaioiuie n o.c?. iaeiaiiae-y yae.
iaeeaaoeee, auioneaaiua iiae no?ieo-ai aei?ia, aieueieoe, oeie e o.ae.
Iniaoth ?ieue a ?aaoee?-e oiiae. ?uiea ?innee ea?aao ain-ay nenoaia
iaeiaiiae-y. Iia iaeaaeaao iiuiie iioaioe-ie aiciiaeiinoueth
noeioee?iaaoue eiaanoeoeee e ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeyao yooaeoeaiinoue
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ?OeA. A niioa-aee n caeiiii «I iaeiaao ia iia?aoeee n
OeA» ieaoaeueueeii iaeiaia yae. OeA, a iauaeo iaeiaiiae-y –
?aaeno?e?oaiay iiieiae. no-oue eo auionea. I?e yoii iaeiaii ia iia?aoeee
n OeA iaeaaathony oieueei auionee naeoeee, iaeeaaoeee e aeeeeuiuo
na?oeoeeaoia. Yienney eiaanoeoe. iaaa iaeiaiiae-th ia iiaeeaaeeo. Yoio
iaeia aceiaaony a iiiaioa iiaea/e aeieoiaioia a ia ?aaeno?aoeeth
i?iniaeoa yiennee ec /enoie i?eauee i?aaei?-y a ?acia?a 0,8 %. Ia?ae/.
yienney i?e o/?aaeaeaiee i?a-oeee iaeiaii ia iaeaaaaony. A niioa-aee n
aeaenoa-uei iaeia. Eiaeaenii onoaiaaeeaaaony, /oi aeeaeaeaiaeu ii
aeoeeyi, i?ioeaiou ii iaeeaaoeeyi e aeioiaeu ii ae?. OeA aeeth/athony a
aaeiaoth i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoee, ii yoe noiiu eneeth/athony ec
iaeiaiiae-ie aacu, o.e. iaeia aeieaeai oaea?aeeaaoueny ec enoi/ieea
aeioiaea. I?ioeaiou e auea?uoe ii ain-ui OeA-i ?O, OeA-i noauaeoia
oaaea?aoeee e i?aaiia ianoi. naiioi?aaeaiey iaeiaii ia iaeaaathony.
I?aaei?-y e i?a-oeee, auiea/eaathuea i?ioeaiou e aeeaeaeaiaeu
aea?aeaoaeyi OeA-o, ianoo ioa-oue ia?aae athaeaeaoii ca aaeaeaaoiinoue
iaeiaiiae-y e iaycaiu eioi?ie?iaaoue iaeiaiaua i?aaiu i aeioiaeao oec.
eeoe e ?acia?ao oaea?aeeaaaiuo iaeiaia. Nia?. ?in. nenoaia iaeiaiiae-y
a?iiicaeea, neiaeia, iaiineaaeiaaoaeueia, e iiyoiio ia auiieiyao
noeioee?othuoth ooieoeeth ?acaeoey ?OeA.Naeueth?eoecaoeey

Naeueth?eoecaoeey – ?aaeecaoeey aeieaia ia oiiaeiaii ?uiea

Naeueth?eoecaoeey aeoeaia – ia?aaiae iaeioi?uo aeaeia
iaeieeeaeaeiuo eee aiana ia eeeaeaeiuo aeoeaia e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee a
oi?ia OeA n iineaaeothuae eo i?iaeaaeae ia aoi?e/iii ?uiea.

Naeueth?eoecaoeee iiaeaa?aathony n?aaeia- e aeieain?i/iua aeieaiaua
iaycaoaeuenoaa, aicieeoea a ?acoeueoaoa e?aaeeoiuo iia?aoeee e
iaoiaeyueany a e?aaeeoiuo ii?ooaeyo aaiea.

Iaoaieci naeueth?eoecaoeee iicaieyao ?acii?iceoue yoo caaeieaeaiiinoue,
niyoue aa n aaeaina e?aaeeoiiai o/?aaeaeaiey e iaania/eoue i?eoie
eeeaeaeiinoe a oi?ia naiaiaeiuo aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa.

OeA, aicieeathuea a ?acoeueoaoa aiciauaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe aaieii,
ia?aoiaeyo a ii?ooaeue ae?. einoeoooeeii. eiaanoi?ia e iia?aoi?ia oei.
?uiea.

Eo aeaeueiaeoaa ianeoaeeaaiea (auaiae %, iiaaoaiea iniia. )
inouanoaeyaony aeaiaae. iioieia, iinooiathueo io 1uo aeieaeieeia
ii auaeaiiui e?aaeeoai.

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