OEIAINIAAss AEAAeAIEss
I?E I?AAEOAEUeNOAA ?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
Eaoaae?a oeiainia
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
ia oaio:
Aiaeec aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Nooaeaio a?oiiu E 3-6
Aeaieeia A. A.
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
aeioe. Naaeiaa I. E.
Iineaa
1996 a.
Niaea?aeaiea
Aaaaeaiea 3
I. No?oeoo?a aeioiaeia Oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
e iaaeathaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci
4
II. Aiaeec eniieiaiey oaaea?aeueiiai e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoia
9
III. I?iaiice?iaaiea e ?ac?aaioea athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae 14
Caeeth/aiea 18
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u 20
I?eeiaeaiey 21
Aaaaeaiea
(Aeoaieee oeiainiaue e?ecen e aeaa?aaeaoeey …(
Ec i?iaeoa iinoaiiaeaiey Niaaoa Oaaea?aoeee Oaaea?aeueiiai Nia?aiey
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee (I nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneii iieiaeaiee a
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, iiaeaioiaea e ceiiaio ia?eiaeo 1996-1997 aiaea e
ia?ao I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ii iiauoaieth aeeciaiiiai
o?iaiy ianaeaiey( io 7 ieoya?y 1996 aiaea.
Eae ioia/aao Niaao Oaaea?aoeee Oaaea?aeueiiai Nia?aiey ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, yeiiiie/aneay neooaoeey a no?aia, ianiio?y ia iaeioi?ia
nieaeaiea oaiiia eioeyoeee, i?iaeieaeaao inoaaaoueny e?aeia neiaeiie.
Iaaeaaii?eyoiuie yaeythony oa?aeoa?enoeee anao iniiaiuo eiaeeeaoi?ia
iauaoicyenoaaiiie eiiuthieoo?u: i?iaeieaeaaony iaaeaiea i?iiuoeaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, nie?auaaony ianna i?eauee, ?anoao /enei oauoi/iuo
i?aaei?eyoee, naa?oaunieee o?iaaiue noaaee aaieianeiai i?ioeaioa
aeiee?oao eiaanoeoeeiiioth aeoeaiinoue i?iecaiaeeoaeae. Iaeiei ec
iaeaieaa o?aaiaeiuo i?iyaeaiee aeaa?aaeaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?u
?inneeneie yeiiiieee yaeyaony iieiaeaiea aa?a?iiai naeoi?a.
A yeiiiieea no?aiu i?iaeieaeaao ia?anoaoue e?ecen iaieaoaaeae ( yoi
i?aaeaea anaai ?acoeueoao ianneaiiai ioiioaiey ainoaea?noaa e yeiiiieea
i?aaei?eyoee, a oii /enea ioeaca io iieeoeee ainoaea?noaaiiiai
i?ioaeoeeiiecia ?inneeneeo oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeae.
E?eoe/aneia ninoiyiea iaoa?eaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, a eioi?ii auea
caiyoa iiaeaaeythuay /anoue ianaeaiey ?innee, aucaaei aeoaieea
nioeeaeueiua aeaoi?iaoeee a iauanoaa, ec eioi?uo iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiie
yaeyaony ia?ooaiea ii?iaeueiuo i?iii?oeee oi?ie?iaaiey aeaiaaeiuo
aeioiaeia ianaeaiey, i?ienoiaeyuaa ia oiia ana aieaa iaino?ythuaeny
i?iaeaiu iaauieaou ca?aaioiie ieaou. Oeiaine?iaaiea ia?aciaaiey, iaoee,
eoeueoo?u e cae?aaiio?aiaiey ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia
iaania/eaaao aeaaea ieieiaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae yoeo nioeeaeueii cia/eiuo
iaeanoae, a eioi?uo ec-ca yoiai oaeaea neiaeeeanue neiaeiay neooaoeey.
Iaei eoi nae/an noaiao io?eoeaoue, /oi yoe e iiiaea ae?oaea i?iaeaiu
i?aaeaea anaai naycaiu n iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiui ooieoeeiie?iaaieai
athaeaeaoii-oeiainiaiai iaoaiecia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Oae, a
athaeaeaoa aei neo ii? iao ii?aaeaeaiiie eeiee eiaanoeoeeiiiie iieeoeee,
ia auaeaeaiu i?ei?eoaoiua io?anee aeey ?acaeoey (eeai auaeaeaiu, ii eo
ia i?eaea?aeeaathony), aac /aai iaaiciiaeii noaiiaeaiea yeiiiieee
no?aiu. E?aneaua neiaa ii iiaeaea?aeea nioeeaeueiiai naeoi?a a
aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa oae e inoathony oieueei ia aoiaaa.
Iaeiaei, ?anniao?eaay athaeaeao, iu aeaeei, /oi iniiaiay i?iaeaia
caeanue ia oieueei a ia?aoeeiiaeueiii iino?iaiee no?oeoo?u
?ani?aaeaeaiey ioaeaeueiuo noaoae, ii i?aaeaea anaai ( a i?inoie
iaoaaoea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa a ?acoeueoaoa iaaeieniieiaiey aeioiaeiie
/anoe athaeaeaoa. Oaeei ia?acii, eeth/ii e oniaoiiio i?iaaaeaieth
?aoi?iu a ?innee, ii nouanoao, yaeyaony oniaoiia iino?iaiea,
i?aaiecaoeey e eniieiaiea aeioiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa ?O.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, eiaiii ec-ca ia a iieiie ia?a auiieiaiiie aeioiaeiie
/anoe i?aaeoaeuenoai auioaeaeaii nie?auaoue ?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa, a oii
/enea e ia eoeueoo?o, iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea. Yoi aea e yaeyaony
i?e/eiie caaea?aeae auieaou iainee, iiniaee, aeaiaaeiiai aeiaieuenoaey e
ca?aaioiie ieaou a athaeaeaoiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo.
Iiyoiio a iiae ?aaioa e aoaeoo ?anniio?aiu aii?inu, naycaiiua n
aeioiaeiie /anoueth athaeaeaoa: i?iaeaia yooaeoeaiiai iino?iaiey
no?oeoo?u aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, aiaeec aai eniieiaiey ii
aeioiaeai ca i?aaeuaeouea aiaeu e i?e/eiu ieioie niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia,
i?aaeeiaeaiey ii ?aoi?ie?iaaieth athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaiu e
i?iaeaia iiaeaioiaee athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae.
Ii iiaio iiaieth, anee oaeanony ?aoeoue oioy au /anoue aii?inia ii
aeioiaeiie /anoe, oi iiiaea i?iaeaiu, oi?iicyuea naaiaeiy
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea no?aiu i?inoi ia?anoaioo
nouanoaiaaoue.
I. No?oeoo?a aeioiaeia Oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
e iaaeathaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci
Athaeaeaoiua ioiioaiey i?aaenoaaeytho niaie oeiainiaua ioiioaiey
ainoaea?noaa ia oaaea?aeueiii, ?aaeiiaeueiii e ianoiii o?iaiyo n
ainoaea?noaaiiuie, aeoeeiia?iuie e eiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie e
i?aaiecaoeeyie, a oaeaea ianaeaieai ii iiaiaeo oi?ie?iaaiey e
eniieueciaaiey oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oiiaea aeaiaaeiuo ?ano?nia.
Athaeaeao yaeyaony oi?iie ia?aciaaiey e ?anoiaeiaaiey aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa aeey iaania/aiey ooieoeee i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe.
Nin?aaeioi/aiea oeiainiauo ?ano?nia a athaeaeaoa iaiaoiaeeii aeey
oniaoiie ?aaeecaoeee oeiainiaie iieeoeee ainoaea?noaa.
Niaieoiiinoue anao aeaeia athaeaeaoia ia?acoao athaeaeaoioth nenoaio
ainoaea?noaa. Acaeiinaycue iaaeaeo aa ioaeaeueiuie caaiueyie,
i?aaiecaoeeth e i?eioeeiu iino?iaiey athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu i?eiyoi
iacuaaoue athaeaeaoiui ono?ienoaii.
Oaaea?aeueiua, ?aaeiiaeueiua e ianoiua i?aaiu ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e
oi?aaeaiey iin?aaenoaii athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee iieo/atho a naia
?anii?yaeaiea ii?aaeaeaiioth /anoue ia?a?ani?aaeaeyaiiai iaoeeiiaeueiiai
aeioiaea, eioi?ay iai?aaeyaony ia no?iai ii?aaeaeaiiua oeaee a
caaeneiinoe io ?aca?aie/aiey ooieoeee iaaeaeo o?iaiyie oi?aaeaiey.
Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ?O ninoieo ec o?ao caaiueaa:
oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao ?O;
athaeaeaou iaoeeiiaeueii-ainoaea?noaaiiuo e
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, iacuaaaiua athaeaeaoaie
noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee, eee ?aaeiiaeueiuie athaeaeaoaie. E iei ioiinyony
?anioaeeeaineea athaeaeaou ?anioaeee a ninoaaa ?O, athaeaeaou e?aaaua,
iaeanoiua, aaoiiiiiuo ia?aciaaiee, a oaeaea ai?iaeneea athaeaeaou Iineau
e Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa;
ianoiua athaeaeaou.
Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia i?ecaaia ea?aoue aaaeioth ?ieue a ?aaeecaoeee
oeiainiaie iieeoeee ainoaea?noaa, oeaee eioi?ie iaoneiaeeaathony aai
yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeeie. I?e yoii cia/aiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai oeiainiaiai
?aaoee?iaaiey /a?ac athaeaeaoioth nenoaio o?oaeii ia?aioeaieoue, oioy
iaeuecy ia o/eouaaoue i?ienoiaeyuea a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eciaiaiey a
i?aeoeea ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia. Yoi ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea
ana a aieueoae noaiaie inouanoaeyaony /a?ac oeiainiaue ?uiie enoiaey ec
eo ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey. Iiyoiio ?ieue ainoaea?noaaiiiai oeiainiaiai
?aaoee?iaaiey ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee aeieaeia oneeeaaoueny /a?ac nenoaiu:
iaeiaiaoth, oeiainiauo naieoeee e eueaio. Iniaaiii aaaeii iaania/eaaoue
iaaeeaaeauaa auiieiaiea (naiaa?aiaiiia e a iieiii iauaia) oeiainiauo
iaycaoaeuenoa ia?aae athaeaeaoii e aiaathaeaeaoiuie oiiaeaie.
Naaiaeiy athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ?innee ninoieo ec oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa, 21 ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa ?anioaeee a ninoaaa ?O, 56
e?aaauo e iaeanoiuo athaeaeaoia, aeeth/ay iaeio aaoiiiiioth iaeanoue,
ai?iaeneeo athaeaeaoia Iineau e Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa, 10 ie?oaeiuo
athaeaeaoia aaoiiiiiuo ie?oaia e ieiei 29 oun. ianoiuo athaeaeaoia, e
eioi?ui ioiinyony ai?iaeneea, ?aeiiiua, iinaeeiaua e naeueneea
athaeaeaou. Aaeeinoai athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu a iiauo oneiaeyo ?aaeecoaony
/a?ac aaeeioth nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneoth iieeoeeo e i?aaiaoth aaco,
eniieueciaaiea aaeeiuo athaeaeaoiuo eeanneoeeaoeee e oi?i athaeaeaoiie
aeieoiaioaoeee, acaeiiaeaenoaea athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae e niaeaniaaiea
i?eioeeiia athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna.
Nin?aaeioi/aiea oeiainiauo ?ano?nia a athaeaeaoao ?aciuo o?iaiae
iicaieyao i?aaiai ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey eiaoue
oeiainiaoth aaco aeey ?aaeecaoeee naieo iieiiii/ee.
Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao ?O yaeyaony iniiaiui oeiainiaui ieaiii
ainoaea?noaa, ooaa?aeaeaaiui Oaaea?aeueiui Nia?aieai (i?eieiaaony
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie e iaeia?yaony Niaaoii Oaaea?aoeee) e eiathuei
noaoon oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia. *a?ac oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao
iiaeeecothony oeiainiaua ?ano?nu, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey iineaaeothuaai eo
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey e eniieueciaaiey aeey oeaeae ainoaea?noaaiiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey no?aiu e ?aaeecaoeee nioeeaeueiie
iieeoeee ia oa??eoi?ee anae ?innee.
Ninoaaeaiea e eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa aace?oaony ia athaeaeaoiie
eeanneoeeaoeee, a eioi?ie auaeaeythony oeaeaaua iai?aaeaiey
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, auoaeathuea ec iniiaiuo ooieoeee
ainoaea?noaa.
Oae, a athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee auaeaeythony neaaeothuea iniiaiua
aeaeu iaeiaiauo aeioiaeia (ni. i?eeiaeaiea 1):
iaeiae ia i?eaueue, aeioiae, i?e?ino eaieoaea;
iaeiae ia oiaa?u e oneoae, eeoeaiceiiiua e ?aaeno?aoeeiiiua nai?u;
iaeiae ia niaieoiiue aeioiae;
iaeiae ia eiouanoai;
ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie;
iaeiae ia aiaoithth oi?aiaeth e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneea iia?aoeee.
Ec iaiaeiaiauo aea aeioiaeia iniiaiuie yaeythony neaaeothuea aeaeu (ni.
i?eeiaeaiea 2):
aeioiaeu io eiouanoaa, iaoiaeyuaainy a ainoaea?noaaiiie e
ioieoeeiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe, eee io aeayoaeueiinoe;
aeioiaeu io i?iaeaaee eiouanoaa, iaoiaeyuaainy a ainoaea?noaaiiie e
ioieoeeiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe;
aeioiaeu io ?aaeecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo caiania;
aeioiaeu io i?iaeaaee caiee e iaiaoa?eaeueiuo aeoeaia;
iinooieaiey eaieoaeueiuo o?ainoa?oia ec iaainoaea?noaaiiuo enoi/ieeia;
aaeieieno?aoeaiua ieaoaaee e nai?u;
oo?aoiua naieoeee, aiciauaiea oua?aa;
aeioiaeu io aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
A yoie nayce aeaaiie i?iaeaiie, auoaeathuae ec no?oeoo?u oi?ie?iaaiey
aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa ?O inoaaony ?ani?aaeaeaiea iaeiaiauo aeioiaeia e
iaiaeiaiauo io/eneaiee iaaeaeo ianoiuie e oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii,
o.a. aii?in athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia.
Iiae athaeaeaoiui oaaea?aeeciii iiieiaaony nenoaia iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiuo
acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo i?aaiaie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey ?acee/iuo o?iaiae
ia anao noaaeeyo athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna, iniiaaiiay ia neaaeothueo
i?eioeeiao:
naiinoiyoaeueiinoue athaeaeaoia ?aciuo o?iaiae (cae?aieaiea ca eaaeaeui
o?iaiai aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia aeioiaeia; i?aai
naiinoiyoaeueii ii?aaeaeyoue iai?aaeaiey eo eniieueciaaiey e
?anoiaeiaaiey; iaaeiionoeiinoue ecuyoey aeiiieieoaeueiuo aeioiaeia e
iaeniieueciaaiiuo eee aeiiieieoaeueii iieo/aiiuo n?aaenoa a athaeaeaou
aieaa aunieeo o?iaiae; i?aai ia eiiiainaoeeth ?anoiaeia, aicieeathueo a
?acoeueoaoa ?aoaiee, i?eiyouo auoanoiyueie i?aaiaie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey;
i?aai i?aaeinoaaeaiey iaeiaiauo e eiuo eueaio oieueei ca n/ao
nianoaaiiuo aeioiaeia e o.e.);
caeiiiaeaoaeueiia ?aca?aie/aiea athaeaeaoiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe e
?anoiaeiuo iieiiii/ee iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiuie, ?aaeiiaeueiuie e ianoiuie
i?aaiaie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey;
niioaaonoaea oeiainiauo ?ano?nia i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey auiieiyaiui
eie ooieoeeyi (iaania/aiea aa?oeeaeueiiai e ai?eciioaeueiiai
au?aaieaaiey aeioiaeia ieaeanoiyueo athaeaeaoia);
ii?iaoeaii-?an/aoiua iaoiaeu ?aaoee?iaaiey iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee e
i?aaeinoaaeaiey oeiainiaie iiiiue;
iaee/ea niaoeeaeueiuo i?ioeaaeo? i?aaeioa?auaiey e ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa
iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie o?iaiyie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey, aeinoeaeaiey
acaeiiniaeaniaaiiuo ?aoaiee ii aii?inai iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee.
Eae e ethaay nenoaia iaaeathaeaeaoiuo acaeiiioiioaiee, athaeaeaoiue
oaaea?aeeci aeieaeai oaeiaeaoai?youe o?aaiaaieyi
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe, oa??eoi?eaeueiie
ni?aaaaeeeainoe e iieeoe/aneie noaaeeueiinoe. Nouiinoue athaeaeaoiiai
oaaea?aeecia eae eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa caeeth/aaony a
ii?iaoeaii-caeiiiaeaoaeueiii onoaiiaeaiee athaeaeaoiuo i?aa e
iaycaiiinoae aeaoo ?aaiii?aaiuo noi?ii ( oaaea?aeueiuo e ?aaeiiaeueiuo
i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey, i?aaee eo acaeiiaeaenoaey ia anao noaaeeyo
athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna, iaoiaeia /anoe/iiai ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey
athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia iaaeaeo o?iaiyie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e ?aaeiiaie.
Eiie?aoiua oi?iu ?aaeecaoeee eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia
caaenyo io ni/aoaiey aeaoo acaeiiaeiiieiythueo oaiaeaioeee ( e
eiieo?aioeee iaaeaeo ?aaeiiaeueiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe ia oneiaiii ?uiea
nioeeaeueiuo oneoa, n iaeiie noi?iiu, e e au?aaieaaieth oneiaee yoie
eiieo?aioeee e iaania/aieth ia anae oa??eoi?ee no?aiu iauaiaoeeiiaeueiuo
ieieiaeueiuo noaiaea?oia ( n ae?oaie.
Niaoeeoeea athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia a nia?aiaiiie ?innee ninoieo a
oii, /oi ?aoi?ie?iaaiea iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee i?ienoiaeeo a
neiaeiuo oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea, eiaaea aua ia aeaenoaotho a
iieioth neeo i?enouea ?uii/iie yeiiiieea e aeaiie?aoe/aneiio
ainoaea?noao iaoaieciu. Eae iieacuaaao ie?iaie iiuo, a e?eceniua
ia?eiaeu /anoi aicieeaao niaeaci oeaio?aeeciaaoue yeiiiie/aneoth e
iieeoe/aneoth aeanoe.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii, a oneiaeyo oieoa?iie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu oeaio?aeueiia
i?aaeoaeuenoai, aeaeeii, eiaei au iaiueoa ia?aie/aiee a i?iaaaeaiee
aeanoeie iieeoeee oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee. Iaeiaei a nia?aiaiiuo
oneiaeyo ?innee oneeaiea oeaio?aeecaoeee athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaiu
cao?oaeiaii.
?anniio?ei ?acaeoea athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaiai oaaea?aeecia a ?O. Ia/aei a
eiioea 1991 a. yeiiiie/aneeo e iieeoe/aneeo ?aoi?i iineoaeeei oie/eii
o?ainoi?iaoeee ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie o?iaiyie athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. I?eiyoua auaoei Aa?oiaiui Niaaoii ?NON?
caeiiu “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a
?NON?” e “Ia iniiaao iaeiaiaie nenoaiu a ?NON?” i?e anao eo iaaeinoaoeao
aianee a i?aaiaia i?ino?ainoai ?innee iniiaiiieaaathuea i?eioeeiu
athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia.
Iaeiaei a oneiaeyo ino?iai iieeoe/aneiai e yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena
ia/aeueiiai yoaia ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea yaiethoeey iaaeathaeaeaoiuo
acaeiiioiioaiee auoea ca ?aiee caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey e
i?ienoiaeeea a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie noeoeeii, iiae aeeyieai
iieeoe/aneie eiiuthieoo?u, eiioeeeoia e eiii?iiennia iaaeaeo
oaaea?aeueiuie e ?aaeiiaeueiuie iieeoe/aneeie aeanoyie e yeeoaie.
Eae iieacuaaao iiuo iinonioeeaeenoe/aneeo no?ai, aeaoeaio?aeecaoeey
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu yaeyaony iauae oaiaeaioeeae ia/aeueiiai yoaia
ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea. A ?innee neaaay oi?aaeyaiinoue yoei i?ioeannii,
ionoonoaea oeaeinoiie eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiuo ?aoi?i, onooiee
oaaea?aeueiiai oeaio?a aeaaeaieth ni noi?iiu ?aaeiiaeueiuo aeanoae
i?eaaee e oneeaieth aeenaaeaina iaaeaeo o?iaiyie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu.
Eeaea?u “ia?aaea noaa?aieoaoia” (Oaoa?noai, Aaoei?oinoai, Ea?aeey,
sseooey e ae?.), iinoiyiii ia?ooaaoea a oie eee eiie noaiaie
oaaea?aeueiia athaeaeaoiia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai, yai/iui ii?yaeeii
onoaiiaeee iniaua athaeaeaoiua ioiioaiey n Oaaea?aoeeae. Aieueoeinoai
aea noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee auee auioaeaeaiu iieaaaoueny ia caeoeeniua
ia?aaiai?u e naeaeee ii iaania/aieth aeaaii?eyoiuo aeey naay ii?iaoeaia
io/eneaiee io iauaoaaea?aeueiuo iaeiaia e iie?uaathueo aeaoeoeeo eo
athaeaeaoia oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo aeioaoeee, athaeaeaoiuo nnoae, eueaioiuo
e?aaeeoia, eiaanoeoeee e o.i. I?e yoii e?ay e iaeanoe, eae i?aaeei,
eiaee cia/eoaeueii iaiueoa aiciiaeiinoae aeey aeaaeaiey ia oaaea?aeueiua
aeanoe ii n?aaiaieth n ?anioaeeeaie, oioy e onooiathueie ei ii
oeiainiai-yeiiiie/aneiio iioaioeeaeo, ii eiathueie aieaa aunieee
iieeoe/aneee noaoon.
Oaeia iieiaeaiea auei iaonoie/eaui e iiaoaeaeaei ioaeaeueiua ?aaeiiu
a?aiy io a?aiaie i?aaei?eieiaoue iiiuoee oeo/oeoue naia iieiaeaiea a
athaeaeaoiie ea?a?oee iooai “naii?anioaeeeaiecaoeee”, i?aaeuyaeaiey
oeueoeiaooiia oaaea?aeueiui aeanoyi, i?eiyoey ?aoaiee i i?einoaiiaea
iaeiaiauo io/eneaiee a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao (e?ecen aaaonoa (
naioya?y 1993 a.) e o.i. Aunieay noaiaiue iieeoecaoeee e
iai?aaeneacoaiinoue iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee e?aeia iaaaoeaii
neacuaaeenue ia ninoiyiee athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu i ia?aie/eaaee
aiciiaeiinoe oaaea?aeueiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa a i?iaaaeaiee ?aoi?i,
aeinoeaeaiee oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee e nai?a iaeiaia.
Ia?eiae noeoeeiie aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?innee
caaa?oeeny e eiioeo 1993 a. Ioiineoaeueiay noaaeeecaoeey iieeoe/aneie
neooaoeee e oe?aieaiea iiceoeee oaaea?aeueiiai oeaio?a iicaieeee a 1994
a. i?iaanoe aeaaii iac?aaooth ?aoi?io iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee.
?aaeiiaeueiua i?aaiu aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey iieo/eee i?aai onoaiaaeeaaoue
noaaeo iaeiaa ia i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, iinooiathuaai a
eo athaeaeaou; auee naeaeaiu oaae ii onoaiiaeaieth aaeeiuo i?iii?oeee
?acaeaeaiey iniiaiuo oaaea?aeueiuo iaeiaia iaaeaeo o?iaiyie athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu; aiaae?aiu ii?iaoeaii-?an/aoiua iaoiaeu ?ani?aaeaeaiey
oaaea?aeueiie iiiiue (o?ainoa?oia) ?aaeiiai ia iniiaa iauaeoeaiuo
e?eoa?eaa e oi?ioe; nicaeai oiiae oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee noauaeoia
oaaea?aoeee. Oai naiui auei iieiaeaii ia/aei oi?ie?iaaieth ?inneeneie
iiaeaee athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia.
?acoeueoaou i?iaaaeaiiie ?aoi?iu ieacaeenue iaiaeiicia/iuie. Naiue
o?aaiaeiue eoia 1994 a. ninoieo a oii, /oi ia oaeaeinue aeiaeoueny
?aaeueiiai au?aaieaaiey iieiaeaiey noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee a athaeaeaoiie
nenoaia. Aeey /aou?ao ?anioaeee (Ea?aeey, Oaoa?noai, Aaoei?oinoai,
sseooey) aue, ii nouanoao, eaaaeeciaai iniaue ?aaeei acaeiiioiioaiee n
oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii. Iiaeienaiea aeiaiai?ia i ?aca?aie/aiee
iieiiii/ee (a a eo ninoaaa ( athaeaeaoiuo niaeaoaiee) n Oaoa?noaiii e
Aaoei?oinoaiii aeaei ii?aaeaeaiiue oeneaeueiue yooaeo: ai aoi?ii
iieoaiaeee 1994 a. n oa??eoi?ee yoeo ?anioaeee ia/aeinue iinooieaiea
iaeiaia a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao. Iaeiaei aeieain?i/iua iineaaenoaey
iieeoe/aneie (aiienoee” noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee, ioe?iaaiii ia?ooaaoeo a
oa/aiea iineaaeieo aeaoo-o?ao eao oaaea?aeueiia iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiia
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai, iiaoo ieacaoueny e?aeia iaaaoeaiuie.
Iaiaa 5% iauae noiiu iaeiaia iinooieei a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao n
oa??eoi?ee Ea?aeee, iieo/eaoae iaeiaiaue “e?aaeeo” io oaaea?aeueiuo
aeanoae. Aaeeinoaaiiui noauaeoii oaaea?aoeee (ia n/eoay *a/ie), n
oa??eoi?ee eioi?iai a 1994 a. a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao ia iinooieei ie
?oaey iaeiaia, inoaaaeanue ?anioaeeea Naoa (sseooey). Ii ieieiaeueiui
ioeaieai, oieueei i?yiua iaeiaiaua iioa?e Oaaea?aoeee ii yoei /aou?ai
i?eaeeaae?iaaiiui ?anioaeeeai ninoaaeee ia iaiaa 2 o?ei. ?oa., eee 2,3%
aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
I?ienoiaeeei ?ani?ino?aiaiea iniauo athaeaeaoiuo ?aaeeiia ii oa??eoi?ee
no?aiu: ioaeaeueiie no?ieie oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa auaeaeaii
oeiaine?iaaiea i?ia?aiiu ?acaeoey ?anioaeeee Eiie, nicaeaia ciia
yeiiiie/aneiai aeaaii?eyonoaiaaiey ia oa??eoi?ee Eiaooaoee, ia/ao
athaeaeaoiue yenia?eiaio a Ooeueneie iaeanoe.
Oaaea?aeueiua aeanoe ia eiaee iaaeaaeiie aacu aeey ioeaiee ?aaeueiuo
iio?aaiinoae ?aaeiiia a oeiainiauo ?ano?nao, /oi aaei e caauoaieth
i?aaiaie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee iio?aaiinoe a
oaaea?aeueiie iiiiue, nie?uoeth nianoaaiiuo aeioiaeia a ?aciiai ?iaea
aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeao e eiiia?/aneeo no?oeoo?ao.
Iao?aaoee?iaaiiinoue ?acaeaeaiey i?aaeiaoia aaaeaiey e iieiiii/ee
iaaeaeo i?aaiaie aeanoe ?acee/iuo o?iaiae, ionoonoaea noaaeeueiie
ii?iaoeaii-caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu, iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue a aeeiaieea
i?iii?oeee ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia iaaeaeo o?iaiyie
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ( ana yoi i?iaeieaeaao naea?aeeaaoue i?ioeann
noaiiaeaiey ?inneeneie iiaeaee athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia, eioi?ue aei
neo ii? i?ienoiaeeo a yenia?eiaioaeueiii ?aaeeia e a i?aaiauo ?aieao
aaeaaiaeiiai Caeiia i oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa, a ia oeaeinoiiai
iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?acaeoea ?inneeneie iiaeaee athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaiai
oaaea?aeecia aeieaeii iaania/eoue aaeaioaoeeth neiaeeaoaainy iaoaiecia
iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee e aeinoeaeaieth iniiaiie oeaee yeiiiie/aneie
iieeoeee ia?aiai yoaia ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea ( oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee.
A 1997 – 1998 aa. niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaoaiecia iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee
iaiaoiaeeii inouanoaeyoue n o/aoii neaaeothueo iniiaiuo aeaenoaee:
1. Cae?aieaiea a oaaea?aeueiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa iaoaiecia
iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee, i?eioeeiia e iaoiaeia ?acaeaeaiey aeioiaeia
e ?anoiaeia, ?aca?aie/aiey athaeaeaoiuo iieiiii/ee e ioaaonoaaiiinoe
iaaeaeo i?aaiaie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey ?acee/iuo o?iaiae.
2. ?ac?aaioea e eniieueciaaiea a athaeaeaoiii i?ioeanna n?aaeian?i/iie
i?ia?aiiu ei??aeoe?iaee ?acaeaeaiey aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia iaaeaeo
o?iaiyie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu n o/aoii nie?auaiey yeiiiie/anee e
nioeeaeueii iayooaeaeaiuo athaeaeaoiuo aeioaoeee, i?iaiaeeiuo
einoeoooeeiiaeueiuo ?aoi?i e aeeiaieee iaae?aaeiiaeueiuo ?acee/ee a
athaeaeaoiie iaania/aiiinoe.
3. Ioeac io ?acaeaeaiey oeaio?aeeciaaiiie eiiiue ia i?yiua e einaaiiua
o?ainoa?ou, ninoaaeythuaai aiciiaeiinoe aeey iaoi?iaeeciaaiiiai
niaeaniaaiey ii?iaoeaia io/eneaiee io iauaoaaea?aeueiuo iaeiaia a
oa??eoi?eaeueiua athaeaeaou.
4. Oe?aieaiea nianoaaiiie iaeiaiaie aacu ?aaeiiia (a oii /enea ca n/ao
iiauoaiey cia/aiey iaeiaia ia nianoaaiiinoue) i?e iaania/aiee
niioaaonoaey ?aaeiiaeueiiai e ianoiiai iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey iauei i?eioeeiai
iaeiaiaie nenoaiu e aiaae?aiee aaeeiie iaoiaeeee ioeaiee iaeiaiaiai
aeeaaea ?aaeiiia, noeioee?othuae i?iaaaeaiea ?aoeeiiaeueiie iaeiaiaie
iieeoeee ia ianoao.
*anoue ec yoeo ia? aeieaeia auoue ?aaeeciaaia a ?aieao athaeaeaoiiai
i?ioeanna 1997 a. Iaeiaei a n?aaeian?i/iie ia?niaeoeaa iaeiei ec
oneiaee aeinoeaeaiey oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee yaeyaony onei?aiiia
oi?ie?iaaiea ii?iaoeaii-caeiiiaeaoaeaiie aacu athaeaeaoiiai
oaaea?aeecia, aeeth/athuae i?eiyoea Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena, iiaie
?aaeaeoeee Caeiia “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e athaeaeaoiiai
i?ioeanna a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”, Caeiia “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiuo
acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe,
i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee e i?aaiaie
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”.
Eiaiii a yoeo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoao aeieaeiu auoue ?aaeeciaaiu eae
eeanne/aneea i?eioeeiu athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia, oae e iaoaieciu ii eo
aaeaioaoeee e oneiaeyi ?acaeoey yeiiiieee ?innee, oae eae /aoeia
?aca?aie/aiea i?aaeiaoia aaaeaiey oaaea?aeueiie e ianoiie aeanoe
iicaieeo inouanoaeyoue naiaa?aiaiiia e oi/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea aeioiaeiie
/anoe athaeaeaoa. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, nia?aiaiiay nenoaia
athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee ianoieueei niaoeeoe/ia e /anoi
eciaiyaony ii ioiioaieth e ?acee/iui noauaeoai, iiyoiio cao?oaeieoaeueii
aa?ii ieaie?iaaoue iaeeaeaaiua iieacaoaee aeioiaeiie /anoe a oeaeii n
o/aoii eieaaaiee oaiiia eioeyoeee, /oi ca/anooth aaaeao e iaeniieiaieth
athaeaeaoa ii aeioiaeai, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, e nie?auaieth ?anoiaeiie
/anoe.
(… 50 % iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia aaniethoii ia?oaua ( ia ieaoyo ie iaeiiai
?oaey(
A. Eeaoeoe
II. Aiaeec eniieiaiey oaaea?aeueiiai e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoia
Yeiiiie/aneea ?aoi?iu 1992 a. Caeiaeeee ooiaeaiaio iaeiaiaie nenoaiu,
ioaa/athuae o?aaiaaieyi ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. A ?acoeueoaoa yoeo
i?aia?aciaaiee iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, aeoeecu, iaeia ia
i?eaueue, iiaeioiaeiue iaeia e iaeiae ia eiouanoai, ninoaaeythuea iniiao
iaeiaiauo nenoai aieueoeinoaa ?acaeouo no?ai, iaania/eee a 1992 a. 80%
aeioiaeia eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa. A aeioiaeao oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa oaeaeueiue aan IAeN, aeoeecia e iaeiaa ia i?eaueue ninoaaee
75 %.
Iaeaieaa aaaeiui aeinoeaeaieai ?aoi?iu 1992 a., ianiiiaiii, noaea caiaia
iaeiaa n iai?ioa ia IAeN e aeoeecu. A ?uii/iie yeiiiieea IAeN ( iaeei ec
iaeaieaa onoie/eauo e yooaeoeaiuo iaeiaia. Nenoaia aai nai?a
n?aaieoaeueii i?inoa e caueuaia io eioeyoeee, a oeeiiaiea ( cao?oaeiaii
a neeo iai?a?uaiinoe i?ioeanna ieaoaaeae e aceiaiey aai ia anao noaaeeyo
aeaeaeaiey i?iaeoeoeee e oneoa. Yoio iaeia ?aaiiia?ii ?ani?aaeaeyaony ii
anai naeoi?ai yeiiiieee e iiyoiio ia aucuaaao aeeni?iii?oeee e
eneaaeaiee a n?aaieoaeueiuo oeaiao, eioi?ua aicieeatho i?e
eniieueciaaiee iiiaeo ae?oaeo iaeiaia. A 1992 a. Iinooieaiey IAeN
ninoaaeee aieaa o?aoe aeioiaeia eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai e 50% aeioiaeia
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
Ianiiiaiiui oaaii aia?aae yaeeinue aaaaeaiea aeoeecia, eioi?ua caiaieee
aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiua noaaee i?aaeiaai iaeiaa n iai?ioa, a oaeaea aieaa
oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea i?aeoeee aeaeea?e?iaaiey aeioiaeia i?e aceiaiee
iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa.
?aaeeeaeueii eciaiea ninoaa e no?oeoo?o iaeiaiauo ieaoaaeae, ?aoi?ia
1992 a. Ia niiaea, iaeiaei, ei?aiiui ia?acii iiaeeyoue ia i?aeoeeo
aceiaiey iaeiaia, oianeaaeiaaiioth io eiiaiaeiie yeiiiieee. A oneiaeyo
auno?iai ?inoa aeiee /anoiiai naeoi?a nio?aiaiea i?aaeiae iaeiaiaie
i?aeoeee iaecaaaeii aeaeei ca niaie iaaeaiea niae?aaiinoe ii iaeiaai
“?uii/iiai” oeia e oiaiueoaiea eo aeiee a athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeao.
Iieiaei/aoinoue ?aoi?i ii?iaeeea e?ecen athaeaeaoiuo iinooieaiee,
eioi?ue iniaaiii ino?i i?iyaeeny a 1993 a.
Athaeaeaoiay noaoenoeea naeaeaoaeuenoaoao, /oi eiaiii ia 1993 a.
i?eoaeny iaeei ec iaeaieueoeo niaaeia aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa. A 1993 a.
Iinooieaiey a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao a i?ioeaioao e AAI ?acei, ii/oe a
iieoi?a ?aca, nie?aoeeenue ii n?aaiaieth n i?aaeuaeouei aiaeii (n 16,4
aei 11% AAI). A 1994 a. aea aeioiaeu oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa aic?inee
aei 11,9% AAI.
A oi aea a?aiy iaaa?iie yaeyaony eioa?i?aoaoeey yoiai e?ecena eae
i?inoiai nieaeaiey iinooieaiee a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao aneaaenoaea
iaaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoe nenoaiu nai?a iaeiaia e eiuo ieaoaaeae.
I?e/eiie ?aceiai nieaeaiey iinooieaiee a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao a 1993
a. ssaeeinue ia oieueei iaaeaiea niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia, ii e
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeia a iieueco athaeaeaoia
oa??eoi?ee.
Nianoaaiiua, aac o?ainoa?oia, aeioiaeu oa??eoi?eaeueiuo athaeaeaoia
(noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee e ianoiuo) aic?inee n 13% AAI a 1992 a. Aei 15%
AAI a 1993 a. Oaeei ia?acii, iauee iauai aeioiaeia eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa (aeeth/athuaai oaaea?aeueiue e oa??eoi?eaeueiua athaeaeaou)
nie?aoeeny ia noieue cia/eoaeueii ( n 30,9% AAI a 1992 a. Aei 29,1% AAI
a 1993 a.
Aieaa oiai, a 1993 a. oaaee/eeenue iinooieaiey a ainoaea?noaaiiua
aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu ( n 9,2 aei 10,3% AAI. Iiyoiio aeioiaeu naiaeiiai
athaeaeaoa (o/eouaathuaai aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu) nie?aoeeenue aua iaiaa
caiaoii ( n 40,2 aei 39,5% AAI. Eiaiii yoio iineaaeiee iieacaoaeue, a
ioithaeue ia iaaeaiea ia 5% AAI aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, e
neaaeoao, ii-aeaeeiiio, n/eoaoue aeaaiui i?iyaeaieai e?ecena
niae?aaiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeioiaeia a 1993 a.
Iaeiaei, e?ecen a yoie noa?a aua aeaeae io caaa?oaiey. Ii anee a 1993 a.
Ii au?aaeaeny a nieaeaiee oaeaeueiiai aana aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa a AAI, oi a 1994 e 1995 aa. Yoio e?ecen ia?aoae a
no?oeoo?ioth oaco, au?aceaoothny a oaeoaeaiee aeacaaeaioaoeee iaeiaiaie
nenoaiu e oneiaeyi ?uii/iiai ?acaeoey.
A 1994 a. (ni. i?eeiaeaiea 4) iaeiia?aiaiii n iiauoaieai oaeaeueiiai
aana athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeia a AAI i?iecioee iaaeaaii?eyoiua naeaeae a
no?oeoo?a athaeaeaoiuo iinooieaiee. Ii n?aaiaieth n aeaoiy
i?aaeoanoaothueie aiaeaie a athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeao i?iecioei ?aceia
nieaeaiea oaeaeueiiai aana iyoe aaaeiaeoeo ?uii/iuo iaeiaia, eioi?ua
iaania/eee iniiaioth /anoue athaeaeaoiuo iinooieaiee a 1992 a.
A aeioiaeao eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa noiia?iue oaeaeueiue aan
iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, aeoeecia, iaeiaa ia i?eaueue,
iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa e iaeiaa ia eiouanoai ca o?e aiaea oiae n 80 aei
65%. A aeioiaeao oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa aeiey IAeN, aeoeecia e iaeiaa
ia i?eaueue nieceeanue n 75 aei 57%. A i?ioeaioao e AAI eo oaeaeueiue
aan oiaea iaoeeiiii nieaeaeny e ninoaaee a eiinieeaee?iaaiiii athaeaeaoa
18,4% i?ioea 23,6% a 1992 a.
Iniaaiii ae?aiaoe/iui yaeyaony cia/eoaeueiia nieaeaiea iinooieaiee IAeN.
A aeioiaeao eiinieeaee?iaaeiiai athaeaeaoa iinooieaiey IAeN a i?ioeaioao
e AAI oiaee a 2 ?aca ( n 11% AAI a 1992 a. aei 6,9% a 1993 a. E aei 5,9%
a 1994 a. I?e yoii aeiey IAeN a aeioiaeao oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa
oiaea n 50 aei 28%. Iaaeaiea iinooieaiee IAeN a 1993 a. Ai iiiaii
iauyniyaony nieaeaieai noaaie iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey n 26 aei 20%. Iaeiaei a
1994 a. aeaaiui oaeoi?ii noaei iaaeaiea niae?aaiinoe IAeN.
Ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue oaiaeaioeey e nieaeaieth iinooieaiee iniaaiii
io/aoeeai i?iyaeeanue a aeioiaeao oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa. Oaeaeueiue
aan iaeiaa ia i?eaueue a i?ioeaioao e AAI a oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia
1995 a. ieacaeny a 2 ?aca iaiueoa, /ai a 1992 a. (1,6% i?ioea 3,6% AAI).
Nieaeaiea iinooieaiee iaeiaa ia i?eaueue iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae
aiieia oeie/iia yaeaiea, eioi?ia iaaethaeaeinue ai anao no?aiao
Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu a i?ioeanna ia?aoiaea e ?uieo. A ?inneeneeo oneiaeyo
yoio i?ioeann oai aieaa iaecaaaeai, /oi iaeia ia i?eaueue caeanue
aeeth/aao e oeie/ii eiioeneaoeeiiiua ninoaaeythuea. N?aaee ieo ( oaea
oi?acaeiaiiue iaeia ia i?e?ino eo?niaie noieiinoe n?aaenoa ia aaethoiuo
n/aoao, iaeia ia naa?oii?iaoeaiue oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou e iaeiae ia
aeioiaeu io eaieoaea, eioi?ua a oneiaeyo aunieie eioeyoeee i?aa?auathony
a iaeiae ia eaieoae, a ia ia aeioiaeu io iaai. Iinoaiaiiia oi?acaeiaiea
yoeo ninoaaeythueo iiaea/ao ca niaie aeaeueiaeoaa nieaeaiea iinooieaiee
iaeiaa ia i?eaueue. Oeiainiaay noaaeeecaoeey iiaeao noaoue
aeiiieieoaeueiui oaeoi?ii oiaiueoaiey ieaoaaeae ii yoiio iaeiao,
iineieueeo aunieay eioeyoeey aaaeao e eneonnoaaiiiio caauoaieth ?acia?ia
i?eauee e niioaaonoaaiii ?acia?ia iaeiaiauo ieaoaaeae.
A ioee/ea io iaeiaa ia i?eaueue, oaiaeaioeey e nieaeaieth iinooieaiee
IAeN ia iiaeao auoue i?eciaia ii?iaeueiie e aeieaeia auoue i?aiaeieaia a
eioa?anao onoie/eainoe iaeiaiaie nenoaiu.
Oaeei ia?acii, a iaeiaiaie nenoaia n 1992 ii 1995 aiaea i?iecioee
neaaeothuea eciaiaiey. Iniiaiua aeaeu iaeiaia (IAeN, aeoeecu, iaeia ia
i?eaueue, iiaeioiaeiue iaeia, iaeia ia eiouanoai (ni. i?eeiaeaiea 3))
aiieia ioaa/atho o?aaiaaieyi ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. Iaeiaei nenoaia eo
nai?a, oianeaaeiaaiiay io ieaiiaie yeiiiieee, ieacaeanue ieioi
i?eniiniaeaiiie e oneiaeyi auno?iai ?inoa iaainoaea?noaaiiiai naeoi?a.
Ii ia?a ?acainoaea?noaeaiey yeiiiieee o?iaaiue niae?aaiinoe yoeo iaeiaia
nieaeaeny, /oi iineoaeeei i?e/eiie e?eoe/aneiai iaaeaiey athaeaeaoiuo
aeioiaeia a 1993 a.
Anoanoaaiiie ?aaeoeeae ia yoio e?ecen aeieaeiu auoue ?aoi?iu,
iai?aaeaiiua ia i?eniiniaeaiea nenoaiu nai?a iniiaiuo iaeiaia e oneiaeyi
i?aiaeaaeaiey /anoiiai naeoi?a. Ii aiciiaeiinoue i?iaaaeaiey oaeeo
?aoi?i ia auea ?aaeeciaaia. Iai?ioea, i?aaeoaeuenoai noaei i?iaiaeeoue
iieeoeeo aeaeueiaeoaai noaeaiey iaeiaiaie aacu ii iyoe iniiaiui iaeiaai
ca n/ao ?aciiia?aciuo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo, io?aneaauo e ?aaeiiaeueiuo
eueaio. Aeey eiiiainaoeee aea iaaeiai?a iinooieaiee ii iniiaiui iaeiaai
aue i?eiyo ?yae ia?, aua aieaa ioaeaeeaoeo nenoaio iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io iaeiaiauo nenoai caiaaeiuo no?ai.
Eo?n aue acyo ia ia aaeaioaoeeth iaeiaiaie nenoaiu e oneiaeyi ?uii/iiai
oicyenoaa, a ia i?eiaiaiea oaeeo oi?i iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, eioi?ua a oie
eee eiie ia?a ?aaioaee a nouanoaothuae, aeaaea ia?aoi?ie?iaaiiie,
nenoaia.
A 1994 a. iinooieaiey a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao io IAeN, aeoeecia,
iaeiaa ia i?eaueue e iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa nieceeenue ia 1,1% AAI ii
n?aaiaieth n 1993 a. Iaeiaei iauea aeioiaeu oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a
i?ioeaioao e AAI aic?inee ia 0,9% AAI.
Iaaeinoathuea 2% AAI auee iie?uou ca n/ao niaoeeaeueiiai iaeiaa (0,7%
AAI), aeioiaeia io i?eaaoecaoeee (0,2% AAI) e aeioiaeia io
oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai yenii?oa. Iieo/aiea yoeo aeioiaeia ia o?aaiaaei
ei?aiiie ia?ano?ieee iaeiaiauo i?aaiia. Ii n oi/ee c?aiey noaiiaeaiey
nia?aiaiiie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu eniieueciaaiea yoeo aeioiaeia yaeeinue
oaaii iacaae.
Oae, niaoeiaeia eniieueciaaeny aeey ecuyoey ?ano?nia o eiia/iuo
iio?aaeoaeae a oeaeyo noaneaee?iaaiey iaeiaiaa yooaeoeaiuo e iaeiaiaa
ioe?uouo ?aoi?iai io?aneae ( naeueneiai oicyenoaa e oaieueiie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Aeioiaeu io oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai yenii?oa ainnicaeaaaee
yeaiaiou ainoaea?noaaiiie iiiiiieee aiaoiae oi?aiaee.
Ec-ca ionoonoaey iaiaoiaeeiuo ?aoi?i a nenoaia nai?a iaeiaia yoa
neooaoeey aini?iecaiaeeony e aeaaea ianeieueei onoaoaeyaony a 1995 a.
Niaeanii oaaea?aeueiiio athaeaeaoo ia 1995 a. (ni. i?eeiaeaiea 5) aeiey
IAeN, aeoeecia, iaeiaa ia i?eaueue e iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa ninoaaeea
eeoue 48% aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, oi anoue aua ieaea, /ai
iia auea a 1994 a.
Iniaia aieiaiea i?eaeaeaao ?aceia nieaeaiea iinooieaiee iaeiaa ia
i?eaueue ( n 2,7% AAI a 1994 a. aei 1,6% a athaeaeaoa ia 1995 a. Eeoue
io/anoe yoi iiaeii iauynieoue oiaiueoaieai iinooieaiee io iaeiaa ia
naa?oii?iaoeaiue oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou e ioiaiie iaeiaa ia i?e?ino
eo?niaie ?acieoeu ii aaethoiui n/aoai.
A athaeaeaoa ia 1995 a. nio?aiaiu, oioy e a iaiueoeo iauaiao, niaoeiaeia
(0,4% AAI), aeioiaeu io oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai yenii?oa (0,1% AAI) e iaeia
ia naa?oii?iaoeaiue oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou. Nieaeaiea aaee/eiu yoeo
iinooieaiee io/anoe eiiiaine?oaony oaaee/aieai aeioiaeia io
i?eaaoecaoeee n 0,2 aei 0,6% AAI.
N oi/ee c?aiey onoie/eainoe athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeia iinooieaiey io
i?eaaoecaoeee yaeythony aeaeaei ia naiie i?eaeaeaoaeueiie oi?iie
oeiaine?iaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia. Iinooieaiey yoiai ?iaea
e?aeia iaonoie/eau, iaoiaeyony a neeueiie caaeneiinoe io oaeouae
iieeoe/aneie eiiuthieoo?u e ii ia?a caaa?oaiey i?ia?aiiu i?eaaoecaoeee
iinoaiaiii nieaeoo ia iao. I?eaioaoeey athaeaeaoa ia iinooieaiea aunieeo
aeioiaeia io i?eaaoecaoeee iaecaaaeii i?eaaaeao e oeiainiaui o?oaeiinoyi
a nayce n en/a?iaieai ?ano?nia ainoaea?noaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe,
iiaeeaaeauae i?eaaoecaoeee. Ii yoei i?e/eiai, niaeanii iaoiaeieiaee
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai aaethoiiai oiiaea, iinooieaiey io i?eaaoecaoeee
ioiinyony ia e aeioiaeai athaeaeaoa, a e enoi/ieeai oeiaine?iaaiey
athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa.
Aeaeueiaeoaa nieaeaiea oaeaeueiiai aana iyoe iniiaiuo iaeiaia a
athaeaeaoa ia 1995 a. naycaii oaeaea e n oai, /oi a athaeaeao auee
eiei?ii?e?iaaiu iinooieaiey ?yaea aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia ia iauoth
noiio 0,8% AAI. Oioy yoa ia?a e yaeyaony ii?aaaeaiiie e iicaieeo
nie?aoeoue ianooaau ia?aoeeieaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey aiaathaeaeaoiuo
n?aaenoa, nai ii naaa i?eioeei aceiaiey e iineaaeothuaai oeaeaaiai
eniieueciaaiey aciinia a yoe oiiaeu ia ioaa/aao o?aaiaaieyi nia?aiaiiie
athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaiu. Eniieueciaaiea niaoeeaeueiiai iaeiaa e
aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia anooiaao a i?ioeai?a/ea n iaeiei ec
iniiaiiieaaathueo aa i?eioeeiia ( i?eioeeiii iaanneaiiaaiey aeioiaeia ia
?anoiaeu.
Oaeei ia?acii, e a 1995 a. ?inneeneee athaeaeao ieacaeny ia naiaiaeiui
io no?oeoo?iuo i?iaeai, oianeaaeiaaiiuo io i?aaeoanoaothueo eao.
A eiioea 1995 aiaea iaeiieaiiua i?aaeiinueee e?ecena oaea auyaeee oceea
ianoa e oceu iai?yaeaiiinoe a athaeaeaoiie nenoaia e aa acaeiinaycyo n
?aaeueiui naeoi?ii yeiiiieee. E na?aaeeia 1996 aiaea athaeaeaoiue e?ecen
/aoei i?iyaeeny a neaaeothuai:
nie?auaiea aeioiaeiie aacu athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae e i?aaeaea anaai
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa;
?aceia e oaioe/iia nie?auaiea athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia n y?ei au?aaeaiiie
no?oeoo?iie aeaoi?iaoeeae yoeo ?anoiaeia;
e?eoe/aneia iaeiieaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa, /?acia?ii aei?iaia aai
ianeoaeeaaiea, ia?aoeeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a enoi/ieeia iie?uoey.
A nia?aiaiiii athaeaeaoiii i?ioeanna eae a ca?eaea io?aceeenue iauea
aeeni?iii?oeee e i?ioeai?a/ey yeiiiie/aneeo i?ioeannia a no?aia. Ii
nouanoao yeiiiieea iiiaea a “athaeaeaoioth eiaooeo”, nooue eioi?ie
ninoieo a ino?ie iaoaaoea athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia, aucaaiiie ?aceei
nie?auaieai iaeiaiaiai iioaioeeaea a nayce n iaaeaieai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iaeiia?aiaiii aeey i?einoaiiaee iaaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaa iaiaoiaeeia
aeoeaecaoeey athaeaeaoiiai eiaanoe?iaaiey, eioi?ay a oneiaeyo ?aceiai
nie?auaiey iaeiaiauo aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa noaiiaeony i?inoi ia?aaeueiie.
Iieiaeaiea onoaoaeyaony e oai, /oi oeneaeueiua ?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa
(iai?iiiua, aaeieieno?aoeaii-oi?aaeai/aneea) iaeiyeanoe/iu ii ioiioaieth
e iaaeaieth i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai e iaeiaiaiai iioaioeeaea, a a oneiaeyo
eioeyoeee e aiana eiatho /aoei au?aaeaiioth oaiaeaioeeth ?inoa. Aieaa
oiai, niaae i?iecaiaenoaa iaecaaaeii o?aaoao ia?aueaaiey e nioeeaeueiuo
athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia.
Oaeei ia?acii, athaeaeaoiay nenoaia no?aiu iiiaea a caieiooue e?oa
ino?ie iaoaaoee oeiainiauo ?ano?nia e oaeie aea ino?ie iaiaoiaeeiinoe
oaaee/aiey athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia.
E iniiaiui i?e/eiai athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena iiaeii ioianoe neaaeothuea:
ionoonoaea eiiieaeniiai iiaeoiaea e oi?ie?iaaieth i?aaiaie aacu
yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i a oeaeii e ?aoi?iu iaeiaiai-e?aaeeoiie nenoaiu
no?aiu, a /anoiinoe, niiniaiie nicaeaoue iaiaoiaeeiua oneiaey ia?aoiaea
e oeeaeeeciaaiiui ii?iai ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ?uii/iuo
ioiioaiee;
ianneaiia ioiioaiea ainoaea?noaa e ?aaoee?iaaieth iee?iyeiiiie/aneeo
i?ioeannia, iniiaaiiiai ia i?eioeeiao e oi?iao ?aaeecaoeee i?yiiai
ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiio?iey ca niaethaeaieai onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiia anaie
o/anoieeaie ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee;
iaio?aaioaiiinoue oi?i e iaoiaeia acaeiiaeaenoaey oaaea?aeueiuo aeanoae
e noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee a noa?a iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee,
i?eaioe?iaaiiuo ia oieueei ia o/ao eioa?ania ?aaeiiia e ?acee/iuo
oi?aaeai/aneeo o?iaiae, ii e ia noeioee?iaaiea eioa?ania i?iecaiaeeoaeae
e iio?aaeoaeae.
Iniaaiiinoueth athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena a ?innee yaeyaony e oi, /oi ii
?acaeaaaony ia oiia y?ei au?aaeaiiiai e aeinoaoi/ii caoyioaoaainy
e?ecena iaieaoaaeae. E?ecen iaieaoaaeae ( yoi a naith i/a?aaeue i?aaeaea
anaai ?acoeueoao ianneaiiai ioiioaiey ainoaea?noaa e yeiiiieea
i?aaei?eyoee. Ec noa?u ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey niaa?oaiii
iaii?aaaeaiii i?aeoe/anee auiaee i?iaeaiu iioeaaoeee oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee, eo nianoaaiieeia e oi?aaeythueo, /oi
oaeoe/anee i?eaaei e ?ac?aaoee?iaaieth oeiainia ?aaeueiiai naeoi?a
yeiiiieee, au?aceaoaiony a e?ecena eeeaeaeiinoe e eae neaaenoaea (
aoyaeaaieth a “e?oa iaieaoaaeae” ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainiauo ?ano?nia.
Yoi i?in/ao yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee e yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i. Acaeiinaycue
e?ecena iaieaoaaeae e athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena i/aaeaeia, iineieueeo
i?e/eiu, eo ii?iaeeaoea, iaoneiaeaiu i?aeiouanoaaiii iai?iaeoiaiiie
iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiie iieeoeeie. E eo /eneo iiaeii ioianoe: neaaoth
i?eaioaoeeth iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee ia noeioee?iaaiea
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, /oi i?iyaeeinue a /?acia?iii iaeiaiaii
a?aiaie, e a ionoonoaee aaeeiie oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie nenoaiu eueaio,
noeioee?othueo aeaeiaoth aeoeaiinoue; e?oaiiai?io aeieaia iaaeaeo
ainoaea?noaii e i?aaei?eyoeai aneaaenoaea noaoai oeneaeueiie iaeiaiaie
iieeoeee, ?acoeueoaoii eioi?ie yaeyaony no?aieaiea oeeiiaiey io iaeiaia;
athaeaeaoiia oeiaine?iaaiea aei neo ii? iano?iaii, aeaaiui ia?acii, ia
(eaoaiea aeu?(, a ia ia no?oeoo?ioth ia?ano?ieeo yeiiiieee;
o?aaieoaeueiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia, eioi?ia ia oieueei
ii?iaeaeaao eaeaeeaai/anoai (aaaeue eueaiou aeathony aieaa neaaiio, a ia
neeueiiio), ii e i?eaiaeeo e iayooaeoeaiiio eniieueciaaieth neoaeiuo
ainoaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoa, eai ie/oiaeia yeiiiie/aneay ioaea/a io yoeo
aeiaeaiee; ionoonoaea ii?iaeueiie aii?oecaoeeiiiie iieeoeee i?eaiaeyuae
e oiio, /oi i?aaei?eyoey, ia eiay aacu aeey nianoaaiiiai iaeiieaiey,
auioaeaeaiu (i?iaaeaoue( naie iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa, eee ia?aueaaoue
aeieae iinoaaueeai; ooiae i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo eiaanoeoeee ia oeiainiaue e
aaethoiue ?uiee.
Aneaaenoaea na?ueaciuo i?in/aoia a i?eiyoii eo?na yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i a
?innee a oneiaeyo niaaea i?iecaiaenoaa aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa a
yeiiiieea no?aiu iaeaieeaaeenue iaaaoeaiua oaiaeaioeee, i?iyaeaiea
eioi?uo ana aieaa eiioeaio?e?iaaeinue a athaeaeaoiuo i?ioeannao e,
iaeiiaoe ?aaeeciaaeinue a athaeaeaoiii e?ecena, i?e eioi?ii athaeaeaoiay
nenoaia no?aiu ieacaeanue ia a ninoiyiee iiaeeeciaaoue oeiainiaua
?ano?nu, aeinoaoi/iua aeey auiieiaiey naieo oeneaeueiuo, nioeeaeueiuo e
yeiiiie/aneeo i?ia?aii.
E na?aaeeia 1996 aiaea a oeiainiaie noa?a i?iecioea ii?aaeaeaiiay
aeanoaaeeecaoeey neooaoeee, /oi neacaeinue ia oieueei ia ninoiyiee
acaeiiuo ?an/aoia e ieaoaaeae, oeiainiaie aeenoeeieeia, ii e ia
ia?anoaiee athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa.
Nieaeaiea aaeaiany/iuo oaiiia eioeyoeee, eioi?ia i?ioaeaei ia oiia
nie?auaiey iauaiia AAI e i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, caiaaeeaiey
nei?inoe ia?auaiey aeaiaa, oooaeoaiey oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoee
oieueei onoaoaeei neooaoeeth, iineieueeo no?oeoo?a iaeiaiaie nenoaiu
?innee, aaea iniiaioth ?ieue ea?aao IAeN, i?eaioe?iaaia a iniiaiii ia
iiiieiaiea athaeaeaoa ca n/ao eioeyoeeiiiuo aeioiaeia. Eiaiii iiyoiio
athaeaeaoiue e?ecen ia niaiae ii a?aiaie n ia/aeii e?ecena iaieaoaaeae,
a i?iyaeeny eeoue a oneiaeyo nie?auaiey oaiiia ?inoa eioeyoeee.
Aeiey iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee a AAI aac o/aoa i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo iaeiaiauo
inaiaiaeaeaiee nieceeanue a ia?aii iieoaiaeee oaeouaai aiaea aei 4,5 %
i?ioea 10,4% ca niioaaonoaothuee ia?eiae i?ioeiai aiaea.
Iaeiaiiaeaaaaiay aaca nie?aoeeanue ia oieueei ca n/ao ?aceiai naeaoey
iannu i?eauee, ii e ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey eioeyoeeiiiiai ?inoa oeai.
Niioaaonoaaiii, iaeiaiaay nenoaia, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia iaeiaeaiea iauaiia
iai?ioia oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?eaaea ii nouanoao e
iai?iii?oeeiiaeueiiio ?ani?aaeaeaieth iaeiaiaiai a?aiaie iaaeaeo noa?aie
i?iecaiaenoaa. Anee iiniio?aoue no?oeoo?o iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee a
athaeaeao a io?aneaaii ?ac?aca, oi iiaeii neacaoue, /oi i?e oii, /oi
i?iiuoeaiiinoue caieiaao a ninoaaa aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa 42%
(i?e yoii aei 30% i?iiuoeaiiiai iai?ioa i?ienoiaeeei ii aa?oa?o), aa
aeiey a iaeiaao ninoaaeyao 53%, a aeiey a iaaeieiea 65%; iauai
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ninoaaeyao 13,7% a AAI, a aeiey a
oiea/aiiuo iaeiaao ( 1,1%. A oi?aiaea e aaieianeie noa?a ea?oeia
niaa?oaiii eiay ( yoe noa?u oicyenoaiaaiey caieiatho a ninoaaa AAI ana
aieueooth aeieth, e ieaoyo ana iaiueooth aeieth iaeiaia a athaeaeao.
Eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao ii eoiaai /aou?ao ianyoeaa oaeouaai aiaea
eniieiai n aeaoeoeeoii a 5,6% e AAI, ec eioi?iai 76,5% yoi aeaoeoeeo
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, a niioaaonoaothuai ia?eiaea i?ioeiai aiaea
aeaoeoeeo ninoaaeye 3,1% e AAI.
Aeey oeiaine?iaaiey athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa I?aaeoaeuenoai auioaeaeaii
i?eaea/ue caaiiua n?aaenoaa. Iaeiaei /?acia?iay yeniainey oiiaeiaiai
?uiea, iiaeaea?aeeaaaiay ca n/ao aunieie aeioiaeiinoe AEI, i?eaaea e
oiio, /oi iauaiu iiaaoaiey AEI noaee i?aauoaoue aeioiaeu oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa.
A caeeth/aiea ioia/o, /oi neiaeeaoayny n 1991 ii 1996 aiaeu nenoaia
aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia oieueei iayooaeoeaia, ii e
iaeaaeaao au?aaeaiiie oaiaeaioeeae e aeaeueiaeoaio nieaeaieth
iinooieaiee. Yoi au?aaeaaony a oii, /oi ca ana a?aiy naiaai
nouanoaiaaiey iia oae e ia iiaeaa?aeanue na?ueaciie ?aoi?ia:
i?iaiaeeeenue aieueoae /anoueth einiaoe/aneea eciaiaiey n oeaeueth
?aoaiey eaeeo-eeai e?aoein?i/iuo caaea/. Iai?eia?, a 1996 aiaeo oe?iei
ianoaeaeaeny i?iaeo i aaaaeaiee iaeiaa ia iiaeaea?aeaiea AIE, eioi?ue ii
naiae nooe yaeyeny au oai aea ?aiaa ioiaiaiiui niaoeiaeiaii, ii n
ae?oaei oeaeaaui iacia/aieai. Anee aea o/anoue, /oi ii/oe ana iaeiaiaua
iinooieaiey neaeaaeuaathony iaoei i?aaeoaeuenoaii a (iauee eioae( (yoi
i?ioeai?a/eo oeaeaaiio iacia/aieth n?aaenoa), ioeoaea e /a?iathony ii
ia?a iaiaoiaeeiinoe, oi ?acee/ee iaaeaeo niaoeiaeiaii e iaeiaii ia
iiaeaea?aeaiea AIE ieeoi au ia iuooee aiiaua.
Iiyoiio athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee a ianoiyuee
iiiaio iaiaoiaeeia ei?aiiay ?aoi?ia, /oi e iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue i?e
ninoaaeaiee athaeaeaoa ?O ia 1997 aiae.
III. I?iaiice?iaaiea e ?ac?aaioea athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae
Iaeia ec neiaeiuo i?iaeai ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue: Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue
aaethoiue oiiae a?aiaiii i?einoaiiaee i?aaeinoaaeaiea ?innee e?aaeeoa e
iao athaeaeao iioa?ye iiae 2 o?ei. ?oaeae. I?e/eiie caeanue noae
iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiue nai? iaeiaia. Iaeiaei yoiai iaeeaeaee aeaaii,
iiyoiio ieeaeiai oaeeaeaiey ii yoiio iiaiaeo iao. Oae, oeiainiaay
iieeoeea i?aneaaeoao, ii iiaieth Ai?ena Oaaei?iaa, eeoue oeaeue, eae
aeiaeeoue aei eiioea eaa?oaea, a oi?iaeueii ( ai?ueaa n eioeyoeeae.
Iineieueeo aeaaiua eino?oiaiou oeiainiaie iieeoeee ( iaeiae, iai?aaeaiea
?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa, iaoiaeu oeiaine?iaaiey aeaoeoeeoa, oi iaeiicia/ii
/aoeie eeiee caeanue iao.
Iai?eia?, anee acyoue iaeiaiaoth nenoaio, oi aeaeii, /oi iaeiae a ?O ia
auiieiytho i?aeoe/anee ieeaeeo aieaa ooieoeee, e?iia oeneaeueiie. I?e
yoii eiiieaeniie ?aoi?iu a yoie iaeanoe a aeeaeaeoai a?aiaie ia
i?aaeaeaeeony, e iiaue iaeiaiaue eiaeaen ii iiaieth iiiaeo aiaeeoeeia aa
ia caiaieo.
A naaiaeiy a iaeiaiaie noa?a iu eiaai oeaeue ?yae i?iaeai:
Nouanoaothuay nenoaia i?aeoe/anee nicaeaao aeaa iaeiaiauo ?aaeeia:
ia?aue ( oeiainiaiai i?anneiaa aeey i?iecaiaeeoaeae e eiaanoi?ia
(i?aaei?eyoee, iauaaeeiaiee, oeiainiauo o/?aaeaeaiee), aunooiathuea eae
i?aaiecaoeee-th?eaee/aneea eeoea; aoi?ie ( n?aaieoaeueii eueaioiue aeey
oece/aneeo eeoe, inouanoaeythueo i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneoth aeayoaeueiinoue.
Aoi?ie e?oiiue ecuyi neiaeeaoaeny iaeiaiaie nenoaiu ( iaeiaeaiea
i?aeiouanoaaiii aeioiaeia io o?oaeiaie e i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe. a ia ?aiou, eiouanoaa e aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe n
iaaeaaii?eyoiuie nioeeaeueiuie e yeiiiie/aneeie yooaeoaie (oaeeie, eae
?ino aeeiaieecia, caa?yciaiea ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e o.i.)
O?aouea i?ioeai?a/ea ( iaiaania/aiiinoue ?aaeiiaeueiuo e ianoiuo
athaeaeaoia nianoaaiiuie noaaeeueiuie e cia/eoaeueiuie enoi/ieeaie
oeiaine?iaaiey i?e nouanoaaiiii oneeaiee ?aaeueiuo aeanoiuo iieiiii/ee
noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee.
Iaeiaiaay nenoaia ia noeioee?oao iiauoaiea ieaoaaeiie aeenoeeieeiu.
E?iia oiai, eniieueciaaiea iaoiaea o/aoa i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee e
aeioiaea ii iinooieaieth au?o/ee ia ?an/aoiue n/ao i?eaaei e no?aieaieth
i?aaei?eyoee ia iieo/aoue n?aaenoaa a iieaoo iinoaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ia
?an/aoiue n/ao, a eniieueciaaoue ?aciiia?aciua noaiu iaiaee/eaaiey e
ooaeaaiey yoeo n?aaenoa. Iiyoiio a ianoiyuaa a?aiy a AAe ?O ?acae?aaony
aii?in i ia?aoiaea e iaoiaeo o/aoa (ii ioa?ocea(, o.a. IAeN aoaeao
niae?aoueny a athaeaeao oaea i?e ioa?ocea i?iaeoeoeee, a ia i?e
iinooieaiee aeaiaa ia n/ao.
Iyoay i?iaeaia ( neaaay niae?aaiinoue iaeiaia e oceay aaca
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey.
Iaeiaiieaoaeueuee e iaeiaiaua i?aaiu iinoaaeaiu a ia?aaiia iieiaeaiea. A
/anoiinoe, e?aeia cao?oaeiaia caueoa i?aa iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia /a?ac
iau/iua noaeu ii i?e/eia eo ia?aa?oaeaiiinoe e ionoonoaey o noaeae
niaoeeaeueiuo ciaiee.
No?aia a yoie nayce iaiaoiaeeii ia eciaiaiea noaaie ?yaea iaeiaia, a
na?ueaciay iaeiaiaay ?aoi?ia. ?aaeecaoeey eioi?ie icia/aea au
nouanoaaiioth ei??aeoe?iaeo i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie iaeiaiaie iieeoeee.
Iaeiaei, eae ie ia?aaeienaeueii, yoi aiana ia i?ioeai?a/eei au caaea/ai
a iaeanoe iaeiaiaie ?aoi?iu, noi?ioee?iaaiiui aunoei aeieaeiinaiui
eeoeii ainoaea?noaa a naieo i?ia?aiiiuo aeieoiaioao. Aiaeec
i?aceaeaioneeo iineaiee Oaaea?aeueiiio Nia?aieth ?O ca 1994, 1995 e 1996
aa., a oaeaea Iineaiey I?aceaeaioa ?innee I?aaeoaeuenoao ?O “I
athaeaeaoiie iieeoeea a 1996 aiaeo” auyaeyao aanueia niaea?aeaoaeueiue e
iaoe?iue ia?a/aiue caaea/ a iaeanoe iaeiaiaie ?aoi?iu e iaeiaiaie
iieeoeee. Aio eeth/aaua iiceoeee yoiai ia?a/iy.
1. Iieiay ?aaeaiaioaoeey acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaii e
iaeiaiieaoaeueueeii, eneeth/athuay aaaaeaiea iaeiaia eia/a, eae a
niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie aeoaie.
2. Iai?ioeai?a/eainoue e noaaeeueiinoue a oa/aiea oeiainiaiai aiaea
iaeiaiaie nenoaiu, aa i?inoioa e aeinooiiinoue aeey inaiaiey
iaeiaiieaoaeueueeaie e nio?oaeieeaie iaeiaiauo i?aaiia.
3. Iaaeiiouaiea iaeiaiaiai i?iecaiea e ?anoe?aiea i?aa
iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia.
4. Nie?auaiea /enea iaeiaia e nouanoaaiiia oi?iuaiea i?ioeaaeo? eo
aceiaiey.
5. Iauaa nieaeaiea iaeiaiaiai a?aiaie.
6. Aunieiyooaeoeaiinoue iaeiaiauo eciaiaiee aeey yeiiiieee a oeaeii.
7. Iiaeaea?aeea i?iecaiaeeoaeae, iniaaiii ?aaioathueo ia
iio?aaeoaeueneee ?uiie.
8. Naiioeiaine?iaaiea yenii?oii i?eaioe?iaaiiuo io?aneae.
9. Nouanoaaiiia oneeaiea iaeiaiaiai noeioee?iaaiey eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee e
eiiiaaoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
10. I?aa?auaiea aii?oecaoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee a eiaanoeoeeiiiua ?ano?nu.
11. Ia?aiauaiea oeaio?a oyaeanoe ia iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia
e iaaeaeaeeiinoe, iiauoaiea ?iee eiouanoaaiiiai e caiaeueiiai
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey a ea/anoaa aeioiaeiiai enoi/ieea ?aaeiiaeueiuo e
ianoiuo athaeaeaoia, a oaeaea oneeaiea cia/eiinoe ?ano?niuo ieaoaaeae.
Aeeooa?aioeeaoeey iineaaeieo.
12. Oaeanoi/aiea oeiainiauo naieoeee i?ioea caa?ycieoaeae ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu, ia iiae?uaathuaa, iaeiaei, eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue ioa/anoaaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee ia ie?iaii ?uiea.
13. Iaania/aiea a iieiie ia?a aeioiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae.
14. Iaaeaeaiea i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey oaa?aeuie enoi/ieeaie
aeioiaeia.
15. Aieaa ni?aaaaeeeaia ?ani?aaeaeaiea aeioiaeia; ?ino aeiee iaeiaia,
aceiaaiuo n aunieiiaania/aiiuo a?aaeaeai; ineaaeaiea a?aiaie
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey ethaeae n ieceeie aeioiaeaie; eeeaeaeaoeey eueaio ii
oieaoa iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa, iicaieythueo aunieiiiea/eaaaiui a?aaeaeaiai
auaiaeeoue cia/eoaeueioth /anoue naieo aeioiaeia ec-iiae
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey.
16. ?anoe?aiea eniieueciaaiey iaoaiecia eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iaeiaiaiai
e?aaeeoiaaiey.
17. ?aaeeeaeueiia nie?auaiea eiee/anoaa iaeiaiauo eueaio n oi?acaeiaieai
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo eueaio.
18. Iieiay e ieii/aoaeueiay eeeaeaeaoeey ia i?aaeoniio?aiiuo
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii oaiiaeaiiuo eueaio, iaiinyueo oua?a eioa?anai
iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
19. Aaaaeaiea a aeaenoaea iaoaieciia, iaania/eaathueo iaaiciiaeiinoue e
iaauaiaeiinoue oeeiiaiey io iaeiaiauo ieaoaaeae.
20. Naiaa?aiaiiia ia?a/eneaiea eiiia?/aneeie aaieaie ieaoaaeae a
athaeaeao (ai aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu).
ssnii, /oi iuiaoiee iaeiaiaue iaoaieci i?aeoe/anee ie iaeio ec yoeo
caaea/ ?aaeeciaaoue ia niiniaai. Oai aieaa iaiaoiaeeii i?eiyoea iiaiai
iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena, eioi?ue oioy, ii iiaieth iiiaeo, e yaeyaony eeoue
iauaaeeiaieai ?ac?iciaiiuo iaeiaia a neiaeii eaeueeoee?oaiua ninoaaiua,
ii ana-oaee aeano nai?o iaeiaia a ?innee ii?aaeaeaiioth
caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aaco.
A yoeo oneiaeyo aioiaeeny e aiineeny ia ?anniio?aiea oaaea?aeueiue
athaeaeao ia 1997 aiae, iaeiaei a ia?aii /oaiee ii i?eiyo ia aue.
?anniio?ei i?e/eiu, ec-ca eioi?uo iiaue athaeaeao, iaycaiiue o/anoue
ioeaee e i?in/aou i?aaeuaeoueo eao, aue ioeeiiai e ioi?aaeai ia
aei?aaioeo.
Oae, ?anniio?aa i?aaenoaaeaiiue I?aaeoaeuenoaii ?O i?iaeo
ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae, Eiieoao AAe ii eiiaa?nee e
iaoeiaieei oaoiieiaeyi ioia/aao, /oi athaeaeao 1997 aiaea yaeyaony
eino?oiaioii i?iaeieaeaiey I?aaeoaeuenoaii yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee,
ii?aaeaeeaoaeny athaeaeaoaie 1994, 1995, 1996 aiaeia e aiiaue noaiiaeony
(eino?oiaioii aioei?iecaiaenoaaiiui, aioeeiaeono?eaeueiui, ia ?aoathuei
ie iaeiie nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie i?iaeaiu no?aiu(. Iiae/a?eeaaaony,
/oi ?aaeecaoeey i?aaenoaaeaiiiai i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae anoue
(i?yiay aee?aeoeaa I?aaeoaeuenoaa ia oie/oiaeaiea
iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai iioaioeeaea ainoaea?noaa(.
Ia 38% aoaeao nie?auaia iiaeaea?aeea anao noa? i?iiuoeaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa; eeeaeaee?oaony noaouey 63, caueuaiiay ii iai?iiiiio
caeaco; caaa?oaaony aeayoaeueiinoue iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo
einoeoooia; ia auiieiythony oaaea?aeueiua caeiiu ii oeiaine?iaaieth
iaoee e ia?aciaaiey (a athaeaeaoa caeeaaeuaathony iauaiu oeiaine?iaaiey
iaiaa onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiaie eaio, niioaaonoaaiii 4 e 3 i?ioeaioa io
?anoiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa).
Iniaoth o?aaiao aucuaaao nenoaiiia oie/oiaeaiea eiiaa?ne?oaiuo
i?aaei?eyoee: a 1993 aiaeo eiiaa?ne?oaiua i?aaei?eyoey iieo/eee 67
i?ioeaioia io i?aaeoniio?aiiuo i?ia?aiiie n?aaenoa; a 1994 aiaeo ( anaai
13 i?ioeaioia; a 1996 aiaeo oeiaine?iaaiea ia ia/eiaeinue. I?iaeoii
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony cia/eoaeueiia nie?auaiea oeiaine?iaaiey
?aeaoino?iaiey.
Ii/oe ia 40 i?ioeaioia nie?auathony eiaanoeoeee, ia 27 i?ioeaioia
oiaiueoaaony ainoaea?noaaiiay iiaeaea?aeea naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai
eiiieaena. Ia i?aaeoniao?eaaaony iaaeeaaeauae eiaeaenaoeee ca?ieaou,
iainee, noeiaiaeee. I?iaiiciay /anoue athaeaeaoa ia iaania/eaaaony aai
?aaeueiuie iaoaieciaie.
Eciaiaiea iaeiaiaie nenoaiu, ii iiaieth Eiieoaoa, (ia oaaee/eaaao
aeioiaeioth /anoue, ii aeaenoaoao iaiai?io(. Ia yoi iai?aaeaia ioiaia
eueaio ii nai?o iaeiaia ia aeeeeuiia no?ieoaeuenoai, niiieoaeueiui
yaeyaony ?aaeueiinoue iieo/aiey aeioiaeia ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey ia 2%
iaeiaia ia i?eaueue.
Ia ?aaeueiuie yaeythony i?aaeeiaeaiey athaeaeaoa ii aai 3-o i?ioeaioiiio
aeaoeoeeoo io AAI. Ii iiaieth yenia?oia n o/aoii ia i?iienuaaaiuo a
io/aoao i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo aeieaia a eiinieeaee?oaiii athaeaeaoa ?O ii
aeinoeaaao 50%.
Yenia?ou ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi I?aaeoaeuenoai ia i?eaeaeaao a athaeaeao
ia?iiiua iannu aiciiaeiuo n?aaenoa (oaiaaay yeiiiieea ( aei 27% AAI,
cieioa, ae?aaioeaiiua eaiie e i?i/aa).
A ?acoeueoaoa AAe ?aoeea, /oi i?aaenoaaeaiiue I?aaeoaeuenoaii a
ieaeithth iaeaoo ia?eaiaioa ?innee i?iaeo athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae (ia
niioaaonoaoao Oaaea?aeueiui caeiiai, Eiinoeoooeee no?aiu e Iineaieth
I?aceaeaioa ?O(, iiyoiio aeieaeai auoue ioeeiiai e ioi?aaeai ia
aei?aaioeo.
E niaeaeaieth, n yoei neiaeii ia niaeaneoueny. Aeaenoaeoaeueii,
aneaaenoaea aaneiio?ieueiiai iaaeaiey aeioiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa ?O
aaeeinoaaiiui auoiaeii i?aaeoaeuenoaa aeey aaeaine?iaaiey athaeaeaoa
noaei nie?auaiea ?anoiaeiie /anoe iineaaeiaai, /oi ia ioaa/aao
nia?aiaiiie neooaoeee, eiaaea aeey iiaeiyoey yeiiiieee ia?iaeiiio
oicyenoao i?aaeaea anaai ioaeiu i?aaeeueii i?ino?iaiiua eiaanoeoeeiiiua
i?ia?aiiu.
Oae, i?iaeo oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae naeaeaoaeuenoaoao,
/oi ieeaeeo eciaiaiee a nioeeaeueiie iieeoeea i?aaeoaeuenoaa aeaaea ia
iaia/aaony: ?anoiaeu ia nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?ioth noa?o ninoaaeytho 12%
(aac iaoee ( 9,2%), /oi aeaaea iaiueoa, /ai a 1996 aiaeo. I?e yoii
i?aaeoaeuenoai ooaa?aeaeaao, (/oi a i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa i?aaeoniio?aii
i?ei?eoaoiia oeiaine?iaaiea ?anoiaeia ia iaoeo, eoeueoo?o, iaaeeoeeineia
e nioeeaeueiia ianeoaeeaaiea, ia?aciaaiea(.
Ana yoi icia/aao, /oi athaeaeao ?O niiaa ia aoaeao i?eiyo a iaaeeaaeauea
n?iee, a aai iniiaiie oeaeueth aoaeao ( eae i?iaea?aeaoueny aua iaeei
aiae. Aeaiiua aii?inu, anoanoaaiii, ia inoaeenue aac aieiaiey IAO e
oaeaea noaee iaeiie ec i?e/ei caaea?aeee e?aaeeoa.
Aee?aeoi?-?anii?yaeeoaeue IOA Ieoaeue Eaiaeannth niiauee, /oi i/a?aaeiie
o?aio ii i?aaeinoaaeaiiiio ?innee Iaaeaeoia?iaeiui aaethoiui oiiaeii
e?aaeeoo a 10,1 ie?ae. aeiee. iiaeao auoue inouanoaeai e eiioeo yoiai
aiaea. Iaeiaei, ii iiae/a?eioe, /oi aaeaiany/iue o?aio a 340 iei. aeiee.
aoaeao i?aaeinoaaeai iinea oiai, eae yenia?ou IAO ioeaiyo i?aaei?eiyoua
?inneae ia?u ii oeo/oaieth nai?a iaeiaia, a oaeaea aeaiiua,
iieacuaathuea, aic?inee ee iaeiaiaua iinooieaiey a athaeaeao.
A eioa?aueth aacaoa aia?eeaineeo aeaeiauo e?oaia (Oiee-no?eo aeaei?iae(
aee?aeoi?-?anii?yaeeoaeue IAO cayaee, /oi ?inney ioaa/aao oeiainiaui
e?eoa?eyi aeey iieo/aoaeae e?aaeeoa. Iaeiaei, caiaoee Eaiaeannth, ?inney
aeiaeaaaony yoeo ?acoeueoaoia iooai nie?auaiey ?anoiaeia, a ia
oeo/oaieai a iaeanoe nai?a iaeiaia. A ?acoeueoaoa, aeiaaaee ii,
i?aaeoaeuenoai ia iiaeao auiieieoue iaauaiey ii auieaoa ca?ieao e
iainee, /oi /?aaaoi ?eneii nioeeaeueiuo aiciouaiee a no?aia.
A yoie nayce iniaue eioa?an i?aaenoaaeyao iaaeaaii (?annae?a/aiiay(
caienea A. Eeaoeoea ia eiy A.N. *a?iiiu?aeeia.
A aeieoiaioa aiai?eony, /oi a nayce n iaaeiiinooiiaieai n?aaenoa a
aeioiae oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ca i?ioaaeoee ia?eiae ieoya?y oaeouaai
aiaea neiaeeeanue e?eoe/aneay neooaoeey n oeiaine?iaaieai ?anoiaeia,
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo athaeaeaoii e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui ?ani?aaeaeaieai ia
oaeouee ianyoe.
Ca ia?eiae n 1 ii 15 ieoya?y oaeouaai aiaea ia n/ao aeioiaeia
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa iinooieei ?ano?nia a iauaia iaiiiaei aieaa 8,9
o?ei. ?oaeae, ca n/ao eioi?uo i?ioeiaine?iaaii ?anoiaeia a ?acia?a 36,3%
io eeieoa, ooaa?aeaeaiiiai ia ieoya?ue ianyoe.
Oaeei ia?acii, 66,3% anao ?ano?nia iinooieei ii iia?aoeeyi, ia
ioiinyueiny e noa?a ioaaonoaaiiinoe Ainoaea?noaaiiie iaeiaiaie neoaeau e
Ainoaea?noaaiiiai oaiiaeaiiiai eiieoaoa.
Iinooieaiea n?aaenoa a aeaea iaeiaia e ieaoaaeae, eiio?iee?oaiuo
i?aaiaie Ainiaeianeoaeau e Ainoaea?noaaiiiai oaiiaeaiiiai eiieoaoa, ia
n/ao aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ninoaaeei eeoue ieiei 3,0 o?ei.
?oaeae, /oi ninoaaeyao 16,5% io caaeaiey, onoaiiaeaiiiai yoei i?aaiai
?anii?yaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa.
A neo/aa nio?aiaiey oeacaiiie oaiaeaioeee athaeaeao a ieoya?a o.a.
iaaeiiieo/eo n?aaenoa io iaeiaia e ieaoaaeae, eiio?iee?oaiuo
Ainoaea?noaaiiie iaeiaiaie neoaeaie, a noiia 7,3 o?ei. ?oaeae eee 52% io
ooaa?aeaeaiiiai caaeaiey e io ?ano?nia, iinooieaiea eioi?uo
eiio?iee?oaony Ainoaea?noaaiiui oaiiaeaiiui eiieoaoii ( ieiei 0,5 o?ei.
?oaeae, niioaaonoaaiii ( 20%.
Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi nieaeaiea iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee a athaeaeao i?ienoiaeeo
ia oiia oaaee/aiey oece/aneiai eiee/anoaa iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia i?e
iaeiia?aiaiiii ?inoa (a ianoiyuaa a?aiy aieaa 1/3) oie eo /anoe, eioi?ua
iinea i?ioiaeaeaiey ?aaeno?aoeee a iaeiaiauo i?aaiao ia ieaoyo iaeiaia,
ia aaaeoo aooaaeoa?neoth io/aoiinoue, ia i?iaiaeyo iia?aoeee ii n/aoai,
eniieuecotho oieueei iaee/iua ?an/aou.
Caaeieaeaiiinoue ii yoie a?oiia ioeaieaaaony a 16,8 o?ei. ?oaeae.
Oaeaeueiue aan (aeia?iniaanoiuo( iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia, aiinyueo iaeiae a
iieiie noiia e a n?ie, ninoaaeyao eeoue 16,6 i?ioeaioa. Iieiaeia io
iauaai /enea iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia iinoiyiii eiaao caaeieaeaiiinoue ii
iaeiaai e ieaoaaeai a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao. Iaeiaei aeaaiie i?e/eiie
n?uaa iinooieaiey iaeiaia a aeioiae oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a ia?aie.
iieiaeia ieoya?y oaeouaai aiaea yaeeinue oi, /oi eiiia?/aneea aaiee
i?eiyee e eniieiaieth eciaiaiioth noaoueae 855 A?aaeaeaineiai eiaeaena
i/a?aaeiinoue ieaoaaeae, i?e eioi?ie aianaiea iaeiaia e ieaoaaeae a
athaeaeao ioianaii e /aoaa?oie i/a?aaee.
Nio?aiaiea e?eceniie neooaoeee n iinooieaieai iaeiaia a oaaea?aeueioth
eacio iiaeao i?eaanoe e oiio, /oi a ieoya?a ia aoaeoo iaania/aiu
oeiaine?iaaieai ?anoiaeu a noiia aei 7,8 o?ei. ?oaeae, /oi aaeaeaaoii
iaauieaoa 85% iany/iie ca?aaioiie ieaou, aeaiaaeiiai aeiaieuenoaey,
noeiaiaeee e ae?oaeo auieao anai eeoeai, oeiaine?iaaiea eioi?uo
inouanoaeyaony ca n/ao n?aaenoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
Eeaoeoe oaeaea ?aii?ooao, /oi (a /anoe aiaoiaai oeiaine?iaaiey
aeaoeoeeoa iieo/eoue n?aaenoaa naa?o noii i/a?aaeiiai o?aioa IAO e
naycaiiuo e?aaeeoia ya?oaaaeiuo ainoaea?noa ia i?aaenoaaeyaony
aiciiaeiui(.
A naith i/a?aaeue ?aoaiea aeaiiuo i?iaeai /anoe/ii ca n/ao nii?iuo
eioeyoeeiiiuo enoi/ieeia iie?uoey athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa icia/aei au
auoiae ec niaeaniaaiiie n IAO aeaiaaeiie i?ia?aiiu, i /ai A. Eeaoeoe e
i?aaeeaaaao i?ieioi?ie?iaaoue iineaaeieo.
A caeeth/aiea ioia/o, /oi anee aeaiiua i?iaeaiu ia aoaeoo ?aoaiu e
eiioeo yoiai aiaea, oi athaeaeaoo-97 a?iceo o/anoue noaoue enoi/ieeii
oeiaine?iaaiey noaoae, iaaeioeiaine?iaaiiuo athaeaeaoii-96 (ca?aaioioth
ieaoo iaeuecy nie?aoeoue e a ethaii neo/aa ieaoeoue i?eeaeaony), a
neaaeiaaoaeueii, oiaaea ie i eaeie athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie ?aoi?ia ieeaeeo
?acaiai?ia ia aoaeao ( aeaaiui noaiao noyiooue eiioeu n eiioeaie.
Caeeth/aiea
?anniio?aa no?oeoo?iia iino?iaiea aeioiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa, iu aeaeei
/oi ca ianeieueei eao ?aoi?i caeanue oae e iai?iecioei ei?aiiuo
iieiaeeoaeueiuo eciaiaiee, i?iaeaia aea iaaeathaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia
oiaea aua aeaeao ?ac?aoaiey.
Oeo/oaiea neooaoeee n iinooieaieai iaeiaia a athaeaeao iinea
i?aceaeaioneeo auai?ia, e niaeaeaieth, oaeaea ieacaeinue yoaia?iui. Oaea
a aaaonoa niiaa iioae niaae niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia, a, ii iineaaeiei
aeaiiui Ainiaeianeoaeau, iauay noiia iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee a naioya?a
nie?aoeeanue ii n?aaiaieth n aaaonoii aua ia 24,1%, a oii /enea a
oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao( ii/oe ia 45%.
?a/ue caeanue eaeao i aeanyoeao o?eeeeiiia ?oaeae, e iaaeiai? yoeo noii
i?yii io?aaeaaony ia aeecie iiiaeo ?inneyi: ii aeaiiui Ieiyeiiiieee,
caaeieaeaiiinoue ii auieaoa iainee a no?aia aeinoeaea 15 o?ei. ?oaeae,
40 o?ei. ?oaeae ninoaaeytho aeieae i?aaei?eyoee ii ca?ieaoa, a oii /enea
7 o?ei. ( a athaeaeaoiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo.
?oeiaiaenoai no?aiu n iieiui iniiaaieai ni/ei oaeoth neooaoeeth
/?acau/aeiie e, niioaaonoaaiii, o?aaothuae /?acau/aeiuo ia?. Iaania/eoue
iinooieaiea anao i?aaeoniio?aiiuo aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii
iaeiaia aeieaeia A?aiaiiay /?acau/aeiay eiienney ii oe?aieaieth
iaeiaiaie e athaeaeaoiie aeenoeeieeiu i?e I?aceaeaioa ?O, nicaeaiiay a
niioaaonoaee n i?aceaeaioneei oeacii ? 1428. A aa ninoaa aoiaeyo
?oeiaiaeeoaee oeiainiauo e neeiauo aaaeiinoa. Eaeay, caeiaeaiiay a
A*E-2, aanueia i?inoa: e iaaeieiueeai ?aciua aaaeiinoaa iiaoo i?eiaiyoue
?aciua ia?u. Iiyoiio /oiau e ceinoiui iaaeieiueeai ioaeii i?eiaieoue
nenoaiii ana iaiaoiaeeiua ia?u, aeey yoiai i?aaenoaaeoaeae anao
aaaeiinoa neaaeoao nia?aoue a aaeeiue eiieoao, eioi?iio e ii?o/eoue
aeaiioth i?iaeaio.
Iaeiaei, a oii, /oi eiiennee oaeanony aeinoe/ue naiae aeaaiie oeaee (
i?eaeaoue e?oiiaeoea i?aaei?eyoey-iaieaoaeueueee, oaea iiyaeeenue
niiiaiey. Ia yoii i?aeoe/anee e cayaeee ia a?eoeiaa, ninoiyaoainy 17
ieoya?y, aeaau aeaoo ieienoa?noa, iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiua eioi?ui
i?aaei?eyoey aeieaeiu athaeaeaoo aieueoa anao: Ieioiia (caaeieaeaiiinoue
29,4 o?ei. ?oa.) e Ieii?iia ?innee (10,1 o?ei. ?oa.)
Ianiio?y ia yoi, iia?aoeaiay eiienney i?aaeoaeuenoaa ii iaieaoaaeai, 14
ieoya?y naeaeaea nainaoeeiiiue oaa: aeaea oanoe e?oiiui e noia?ceinoiui
iaieaoaeueueeai iaaeaeth ia iiaaoaiea anao iaaeieiie ia?aae athaeaeaoii,
a neo/aa aea iaoieaou a a?aeo?aae aoaeao iiaeai ene i aaie?ionoaa. A
aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy aoaeao iaeaoai nienie aua 10 i?aaei?eyoee-aeieaeieeia.
I?e yoii, a ia?aue nienie iiiaee:
AI “Oaoiaooue” ( caaeieaeaiiinoue 407 ie?ae. ?oaeae;
AI “Io?iaooaaac” ( caaeieaeaiiinoue 355 ie?ae. ?oaeae;
AI “Iineae/” ( caaeieaeaiiinoue 271 ie?ae. ?oaeae;
AI “E?aniiaea?iaooai?aneioac” ( caaeieaeaiiinoue 93 ie?ae ?oaeae;
AI “A/eineee aeeiicaiiue eiiaeiao” ( caaeieaeaiiinoue 88 ie?ae. ?oaeae;
AI “EaiAC” ( caaeieaeaiiinoue 86 ie?ae. ?oaeae.
Iaeiaei, nouanoaoao ii?aaeaeaiiay aa?iyoiinoue, /oi aeaeueoa iauyaeaiey
nienea aeieaeieeia aeaei a?yae ee naeaeiaony: iai?eia?, “Oaoiaooue” e
“EaiAC” nei?aa anaai aoaeoo au/a?eioou ec ia?aie oanoa?ee, oae eae
aaeeei canooiie/anoai ca ieo ni noi?iiu i?aaeoaeuenoaa Oaoa?noaia, /oi,
ii iuiaoiae iieeoe/aneie neooaoeee, ianiiiaiii, ia iiaeao ia
o/eouaaoueny.
E oioy Iinoiaie oaaaeaeaiii aeieacuaae, /oi iooue, ia?aui oaaii ii
eioi?iio yaeeinue iaeaoaiea “oanoa?ee”, aaeeinoaaiii aa?ai eae n
yeiiiie/aneie, oae e n i?aanoaaiiie oi/ae c?aiey e eiaiii a iaaeeia ia
e?oiiaeoeo iaaeieiueeia ( eeth/ e i?iaeaia athaeaeaoiuo iaieaoaaeae, ii,
n ae?oaie noi?iiu, iaaa?ii auei au iieaaaoue, /oi e o ae?oaeo e?oiiaeoeo
i?aaei?eyoee ia iaeaeaony naieo canooiieeia. A neaaeiaaoaeueii, i?ioeann
yaii caoyiaony. Oiaaea nouanoaoao eeoue iaeei ioaao: A*E aue nicaeai
eneeth/eoaeueii aeey IAO, aeaau iieacaoue, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoai
i?aaei?eieiaao ana aiciiaeiia ii icaei?iaeaieth neooaoeee a
athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie noa?a. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, aaaeue aaie?ionoai 10-20
e?oiiaeoeo i?aaei?eyoee aoaeao ii nouanoao icia/aoue aaie?ionoai
iieiaeiu no?aiu, nioeeaeueiua aea i?iaeaiu noaioo ia?ac?aoeiu.
Iieo/aaony, /oi ai?acaei aeaoaaea iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aeaiiua i?aaei?eyoey
(ia ieaao( iaaeaee aaie?ioeoue eo.
Ii iaeaieaa aa?iyoii ana-oaee neaaeothuaa ?acaeoea neooaoeee:
i?aaeoaeuenoai ia iicaieeo eiio-eeai ec (oanoa?ee( oeoe, eia/a aanneeea
ia?aiai noaiao i/aaeaeiui. Iaeioi?ua ec oanoa?ee caieaoyo (eae yoi
iaauae naeaeaoue EaiAC), e ae?oaei aea aoaeao i?eiaiaia i?ioeaaeo?a
aaie?ionoaa.
Anoanoaaiii, i?aaei?eyoey ia cae?itho, ii aee?aeoi?a oe?i aoaeoo
auioaeaeaiu oeoe ni naieo iinoia e aoaeao aaaaeaia niiaoeey, o.a.
aiaoiaa oi?aaeaiea, a oae a?aiaiiua oi?aaeythuea a athaeaeao ieaoeoue
noaioo.
Anee aea yoi aoaeao inouanoaeaii, oi oniao ?aaiou A*E e a aeaeueiaeoai
aoaeao aieaa eee iaiaa aa?aioe?iaai. Iiaeao auoue yoi e anoue auoiae ec
eacaeinue au ooieeiaie neooaoeee n caaeieaeaiiinoueth ii iaeiaiaui
ieaoaaeai a athaeaeao. N ae?oaie noi?iiu iaeeaeaaiia i?eiyoea iaeiaiaiai
eiaeaena aeieaeii oaeaea a ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie oii?yaei/eoue iauoth
neooaoeeth n iaeiaiauie iinooieaieyie a athaeaeao, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
noieo ana-oaee iaeeaeaoue iieiaeeoaeueiuo naeaeaia a noa?a aeioiaeia
athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
Iaoa?eaeu ii eniieiaieth oaaea?aeueiiai e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai
athaeaeaoia ca 1994 aiae. Aeaaiia oi?aaeaiea oaaea?aeueiiai eacia/aenoaa
Ioaeae o/aoa eniieiaiey athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia.
I iinooieaiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaeiaia e ae?oaeo iaycaoaeueiuo ieaoaaeae
a athaeaeao, ai aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu e i iaaeieiea ii ieaoaaeai a
athaeaeao ca yiaa?ue 1995 aiaea. Ainoaea?noaaiiay iaeiaiaay neoaeaa
?innee. 10 oaa?aey 1995 aiaea.
I i?aaeaa?eoaeueiuo eoiaao eniieiaiey oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a
yiaa?a-ethia 1995 aiaea e caaea/ao ia aoi?ia iieoaiaeea. Ieienoa?noai
oeiainia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
Oaaea?aeueiue caeii (I athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee(. I?eiyo Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie 7 ethiy 1996 aiaea.
Iaeia?ai Niaaoii Oaaea?aoeee 26 ethiy 1996 aiaea.
Oaaea?aeueiue caeii (I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1995 aiae( io 31
ia?oa 1995 a. (n eci. e aeii. io 24 ai?aey, 22 aaaonoa, 27 aeaeaa?y 1995
a.)
Oaaea?aeueiue caeii (I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1996 aiae( io 31
aeaeaa?y 1995 a. (n eci. e aeii. io 20 ethiy, 19, 21, 23 aaaonoa 1996
a.)
( ( (
Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann iioae. Ii i?iaeoo ia 1997 aiae // Yeiiiieea e
aeeciue. 1996. ? 38 (naioya?ue).
Eni?aaieeia A. Iaeiaiaua eaiie a athaeaeaoiii iai?iaea // Yeiiiieea e
aeeciue. 1996. ? 20.
Eaeeie/aiei I., ?oa/aiei I., I?eaaeia A. Iaeiaiaay (/?acau/aeea( (A*E-2)
// Yenia?o. 1996. ? 40 (io 21 ieoya?y).
Eiaaeaaa A.I. Oeiainu. I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea. 1996.
Eiioeaioeey athaeaeaoa: Pro et contra // Yeiiiieea e aeeciue. 1996. ? 42
(ieoya?ue).
Eueaiou: auoue eee ia auoue // Yeiiiieea e aeeciue. 1996. ? 37
(naioya?ue).
Iaeiae: oaaea?aeueiua e ianoiua // Oeiainiaay aacaoa. 1996. ? 12.
Iiaue iaeiaiaue eiaeaen. Naaanoieiinoue ioiaiyaony // Eiiia?naio. 1996.
? 18 (io 21 iay).
Iaineia A. Iaeiae e iaeiaiaay iieeoeea-96 // ?inneeneee yeiiiie/aneee
aeo?iae. 1996. ? 1.
Ia?aia iieoaiaeea 1996 aiaea. E?ecen, eioi?iai ieeoi ia caiaoee //
Eiiia?naio. 1996. ? 21 (io 11 ethiy).
Iao?ia TH., Aoiieia N. Eieeecee iaeiaiaie nenoaiu e iaeiaiaue eiaeaen //
?inneeneee yeiiiie/aneee aeo?iae. 1996. ? 5-6.
Iieie aeieaeieeo iiaeao oieueei nieoueny // Yeiiiieea e aeeciue. 1996. ?
40 (ieoya?ue).
Iineaiea aaeoi/eaui ecae?aoaeyi. I?aceaeaio i athaeaeaoa //
Eiiia?naio.1996. ? 22 (io 18 ethiy).
?inney e i?iaeaiu athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaiai oaaea?aeecia. Nie?auaiiue
aa?eaio aeieeaaea, iiaeaioiaeaiiiai yenia?oaie e eiinoeueoaioaie
Anaie?iiai aaiea / Iiae iau. ?aae. E?enoei Aaeeeo. I. 1993.
?inney ia iooe e 2000 aiaeo (Aeieeaae yenia?oiiai einoeoooa) // Aii?inu
yeiiiieee. 1996. ? 2.
Naieia I.A. Iaeiaiaoth nenoaio ?innee iaiaoiaeeii niaa?oainoaiaaoue //
Oeiainu. 1996. ? 7.
Nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia iieiaeaiea ?innee a 1993-1994 aa. I.:
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ii noaoenoeea n o/anoeai
Oeaio?a yeiiiie/aneie eiiuthieoo?u i?e I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee. 1995.
Oeiainiaay noaaeeecaoeey a ?innee. Ethiue 1995 a. I.: Einoeooo
yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca. 1995.
(*a?iue iae( i?e iaaeiai?a iaeiaia // Oaa?neay, 13. 1996. ? 20.
Oo?naae/ N.I. Athaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci e athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo //
Oeiainu. 1996. ? 4.
I?eeiaeaiey
I?eeiaeaiea 1
IAEIAIAUA AeIOIAeU:
IAEIAE IA I?EAUEUe (AeIOIAe), I?E?INO EAIEOAEA
Iaeia ia i?eaueue (aeioiae) i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee
Iaeia ia i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee (a oii /enea eiino?aiiuo
th?eaee/aneeo eeoe)
Iaeia ia i?eaueue ae?ae, a?iea?neeo eiioi?, e?aaeeoiuo e no?aoiauo
i?aaiecaoeee, io iin?aaeie/aneeo iia?aoeee e naeaeie
Iaeia n aeioiaeia a aeaea aeeaeaeaiaeia, iieo/aiiuo ii aeoeeyi,
i?eiaaeeaaeauei i?aaei?eyoeth-aeoeeiia?o e oaeinoiaa?ythuei i?aai
aeaaeaeueoea yoeo aoiaa ia o/anoea a ?ani?aaeaeaiee i?eauee
i?aaei?eyoey-yieoaioa, n aeioiaeia ii eiui oeaiiui aoiaaai, ca
eneeth/aieai aeioiaeia a aeaea i?ioeaioia (aeeneiioa), iieo/aiiuo
aeaaeaeueoeaie ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeaiiuo aoiaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee,
ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeaiiuo aoiaa noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e
oeaiiuo aoiaa i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, iaeia n aeioiaeia io
aeieaaiai o/anoey a ae?oaeo i?aaei?eyoeyo, nicaeaiiuo ia oa??eoi?ee
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Iaeia ia aeioiaeu aeaeainaeiiia (io aeaeaiiieaca), io i?ieaoa aeaeai- e
aoaeeieannao e caiene ia ieo
Iaeia ia aeioiaeu eaceii, eiuo eai?iuo aeiiia (iano) e io ae?oaiai
eai?iiai aeciana
Iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe
IAEIAE IA OIAA?U E ONEOAE, EEOeAICEIIIUA E ?AAENO?AOeEIIIUA NAI?U
Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue
Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ii i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiui oiaa?ai (ca
eneeth/aieai iiaeaeoeeciuo) e oiaa?ai aeey aeaoae, i?iecaiaeeiui ia
oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ii inoaeueiui oiaa?ai (?aaioai,
oneoaai), aeeth/ay iiaeaeoeeciua i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiua oiaa?u,
i?iecaiaeeiui ia oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ii i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiui oiaa?ai (ca
eneeth/aieai iiaeaeoeeciuo) e oiaa?ai aeey aeaoae, aaiceiui ia
oa??eoi?eth ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ii inoaeueiui oiaa?ai, ?aaioai,
oneoaai), aeeth/ay iiaeaeoeeciua i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiua oiaa?u, aaiceiui ia
oa??eoi?eth ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Aeoeecu ii iiaeaeoeeciui oiaa?ai (i?iaeoeoeee) e ioaeaeueiui aeaeai
ieia?aeueiiai nu?uey, i?iecaiaeeiui ia oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Nie?o yoeeiaue ec anao aeaeia nu?uey, nie?o aeiiue, nie?o ieoueaaie
Aiaeea e eeea?iaiaei/iua ecaeaeey
Eiiueye, oaiiaineia (aeii ea?enoia), aeii iaoo?aeueiia
Ae?oaea aeeiaieueiua iaieoee
Ieai
Oaaa/iua ecaeaeey
THaaee?iua ecaeaeey
Aaicei aaoiiiaeeueiue
Eaaeiaua aaoiiiaeee
Aac
Iaooue, aeeth/ay aaciaue eiiaeainao
Ae?oaea aeaeu ieia?aeueiiai nu?uey
Aeoeecu ii iiaeaeoeeciui oiaa?ai (i?iaeoeoeee) e ioaeaeueiui aeaeai
ieia?aeueiiai nu?uey, aaiceiui ia oa??eoi?eth ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Nie?o yoeeiaue ec anao aeaeia nu?uey, nie?o aeiiue, nie?o ieoueaaie
Aiaeea e eeea?iaiaei/iua ecaeaeey
Eiiueye, oaiiaineia (aeii ea?enoia), aeii iaoo?aeueiia
Ae?oaea aeeiaieueiua iaieoee
Ieai
Oaaa/iua ecaeaeey
THaaee?iua ecaeaeey
Aaicei aaoiiiaeeueiue
Eaaeiaua aaoiiiaeee
Ioaeaeueiua aeaeu ieia?aeueiiai nu?uey
Iaeiae, neoaeauea enoi/ieeaie ia?aciaaiey aei?iaeiuo oiiaeia
Iaeia ia ?aaeecaoeeth ai?th/a-niaci/iuo iaoa?eaeia
Iaeia ia iieueciaaoaeae aaoiiiaeeueiuo aei?ia
Iaeia n aeaaeaeueoeaa o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa
Iaeia ia i?eia?aoaiea aaoio?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa
Eeoeaiceiiiua e ?aaeno?aoeeiiiua nai?u
Eeoeaiceiiiue nai? ca i?aai i?iecaiaenoaa, o?aiaiey, ?iceeaa e iioiaie
?aaeecaoeee aeeiaieueiie i?iaeoeoeee
Eeoeaiceiiiue nai? ca i?aai oi?aiaee nie?oiuie iaieoeaie e ieaii
I?i/ea eeoeaiceiiiua e ?aaeno?aoeeiiiua nai?u
IAEIAE IA NIAIEOIIUE AeIOIAe
Aaeeiue iaeia ia niaieoiiue aeioiae aeey noauaeoia iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa
Aaeeiue iaeia ia niaieoiiue aeioiae aeey th?eaee/aneeo eeoe
Aaeeiue iaeia ia niaieoiiue aeioiae aeey oece/aneeo eeoe,
inouanoaeythueo i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneoth aeayoaeueiinoue aac ia?aciaaiey
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea
IAEIAE IA EIOUANOAI
Iaeiae ia eiouanoai oece/aneeo eeoe
Iaeiae ia eiouanoai i?aaei?eyoee
Iaeia n eiouanoaa, ia?aoiaeyuaai a ii?yaeea ianeaaeiaaiey eee aea?aiey
Iaeia ia iia?aoeee n oeaiiuie aoiaaaie
IEAOAAEE CA IIEUeCIAAIEA I?E?IAeIUIE ?ANO?NAIE
Ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea iaae?aie
Ieaoaaee ca i?iaaaeaiea iieneiauo e ?acaaaei/iuo ?aaio
Ieaoaaee ca aeiau/o iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo
Ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea iaae?aie a oeaeyo, ia naycaiiuo n aeiau/ae
iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo
Ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea eiioeiaioaeueiui oaeueoii
Ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea ieia?aeueiuie ?ano?naie
Ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea aeeauie ?ano?naie
Io/eneaiey ia aini?iecaiaenoai ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie aacu
Eaniua iiaeaoe
Ieaoaaee, naycaiiua n iieueciaaieai aiaeiuie iauaeoaie
Ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea aiaeiuie iauaeoaie (aiaeiue iaeia)
Ieaoa, iai?aaeyaiay ia ainnoaiiaeaiea e io?aio aiaeiuo iauaeoia
Ieaoa ca ii?iaoeaiua e naa?oii?iaoeaiua aua?inu e na?inu a?aaeiuo
aauanoa, ?aciauaiea iooiaeia
Caiaeueiue iaeia
Caiaeueiue iaeia ca caiee naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey
Caiaeueiue iaeia ca caiee ianaeueneioicyenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey
I?i/ea ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie
IAEIAE IA AIAOITHTH OI?AIAETH E AIAOIAYEIIIIE*ANEEA IIA?AOeEE
Oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu
Aaiciua oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu
Auaiciua oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu
I?i/ea iaeiae e iioeeiu, aceiaaiua a nayce n inouanoaeaieai
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo iia?aoeee
I?I*EA IAEIAE, IIOEEIU E NAI?U
Ainoaea?noaaiiay iioeeia
Ainoaea?noaaiiay iioeeia n eneiauo e eiuo cayaeaiee e aeaeia,
iiaeaaaaiuo a noaeu iauae th?enaeeeoeee, a?aeo?aaeiua noaeu e
Eiinoeoooeeiiiue Noae ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Ainoaea?noaaiiay iioeeia ca niaa?oaiea iioa?eaeueiuo aeaenoaee, ca
ainoaea?noaaiioth ?aaeno?aoeeth aeoia a?aaeaeaineiai ninoiyiey e ae?oaea
th?eaee/anee cia/eiua aeaenoaey, ca auaea/o aeieoiaioia, ca ?anniio?aiea
e auaea/o aeieoiaioia, naycaiiuo n i?eia?aoaieai a?aaeaeainoaa
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee eee n auoiaeii ec a?aaeaeainoaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee
O?ainii?oiue iaeia
I?i/ea oaaea?aeueiua iaeiae
Iaeiae noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Ianoiua iaeiae e nai?u
Eo?i?oiue nai?
Oeaeaaua nai?u n a?aaeaeai e i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee
ia niaea?aeaiea ieeeoeee, ia aeaaiono?ienoai oa??eoi?ee, ia ioaeaeu
ia?aciaaiey e ae?oaea oeaee
Iaeia ia ?aeeaio
Iaeia ia niaea?aeaiea aeeeeuiiai oiiaea e iauaeoia
nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iie noa?u
I?i/ea ianoiua iaeiae e nai?u
I?i/ea iaeiaiaua ieaoaaee e nai?u
I?eeiaeaiea 2
IAIAEIAIAUA AeIOIAeU:
AeIOIAeU IO EIOUANOAA, IAOIAessUAAINss A AINOAeA?NOAAIIIE E
IOIEOeEIAEUeIIE NIANOAAIIINOE, EEE IO AeAssOAEUeIINOE
Aeioiaeu io eniieueciaaiey eiouanoaa, iaoiaeyuaainy a ainoaea?noaaiiie e
ioieoeeiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe
Aeeaeaeaiaeu ii aeoeeyi, i?eiaaeeaaeauei ainoaea?noao
Aeioiaeu io naea/e a a?aiaeo eiouanoaa, iaoiaeyuaainy a ainoaea?noaaiiie
e ioieoeeiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe
A?aiaeiay ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea eaniui oiiaeii
A?aiaeiay ieaoa ca caiee naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey
A?aiaeiay ieaoa ca caiee ianaeueneioicyenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey
I?i/ea aeioiaeu io naea/e a a?aiaeo eiouanoaa, iaoiaeyuaainy a
ainoaea?noaaiiie e ioieoeeiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe
I?ioeaiou, iieo/aiiua io ?aciauaiey a aaieao e e?aaeeoiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo
a?aiaiii naiaiaeiuo n?aaenoa athaeaeaoa
I?ioeaiou, iieo/aiiua io i?aaeinoaaeaiey athaeaeaoiuo nnoae aioo?e
no?aiu
I?ioeaiou ii ainoaea?noaaiiui e?aaeeoai. i?aaeinoaaeyaiui ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeeae i?aaeoaeuenoaai eiino?aiiuo ainoaea?noa
Aiciauaiea iioa?ue naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, naycaiiuo n
ecuyoeai naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo oaiaeee
Aeioiaeu io ieacaiey oneoa eee eiiiainaoeee cao?ao ainoaea?noaa
Ia?a/eneaiea i?eauee Oeaio?aeueiiai aaiea ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee
Ieaoaaee io ainoaea?noaaiiuo e ioieoeeiaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeee
I?i/ea iinooieaiey io eiouanoaa, iaoiaeyuaainy a ainoaea?noaaiiie e
ioieoeeiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe, eee io aeayoaeueiinoe
AeIOIAeU IO I?IAeAAEE EIOUANOAA, IAOIAessUAAINss A AINOAeA?NOAAIIIE E
IOIEOeEIAEUeIIE NIANOAAIIINOE
Iinooieaiey io i?eaaoecaoeee i?aaiecaoeee. iaoiaeyoeony a
ainoaea?noaaiiie e ioieoeeiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe
Iinooieaiey io i?iaeaaee ainoaea?noaii i?eiaaeeaaeaoeo aio aeoeee
i?aaiecaoeee
Aeioiaeu io i?iaeaaee eaa?oe?
Aeioiaeu io i?iaeaaee i?eiaaeeaaeaueo ainoaea?noao i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e
iai?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia, o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa, eiiai iai?oaeiaaiey
Aeioiaeu io ?aaeecaoeee eiioeneiaaiiiai, aanoiciiai eiouanoaa,
eiouanoaa, ia?aoiaeyuaai a ainoaea?noaaiioth eee ioieoeeiaeueioth
nianoaaiiinoue a ii?yaeea ianeaaeiaaiey eee aea?aiey, e eeaaeia
AeIOIAeU IO ?AAEECAOeEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUO CAIANIA
AeIOIAeU IO I?IAeAAEE CAIEE E IAIAOA?EAEUeIUO AEOEAIA
IINOOIEAIEss EAIEOAEUeIUO O?AINOA?OIA EC IAAINOAeA?NOAAIIUO ENOI*IEEIA
Io ?aceaeaioia
Io ia?aceaeaioia
AAeIEIENO?AOEAIUA IEAOAAEE E NAI?U
Oaiiaeaiiua nai?u
I?i/ea iaiaeiaiaua oaiiaeaiiua ieaoaaee
Nai?u, aceiaaiua Ainoaea?noaaiiie aaoiiiaeeueiie einiaeoeeae (e?iia
oo?aoia)
I?i/ea ieaoaaee, aceiaaiua ainoaea?noaaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie ca
auiieiaiea ii?aaeaeaiiuo ooieoeee
OO?AOIUA NAIEOeEE, AICIAUAIEA OUA?AA
Iinooieaiea noii ca auione e ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee, ecaioiaeaiiie n
ionooieaieai io noaiaea?oia e oaoie/aneeo oneiaee
Naieoeee ca ia?ooaiea ii?yaeea i?eiaiaiey oeai
Aaeieieno?aoeaiua oo?aou e eiua naieoeee, aeeth/ay oo?aou ca ia?ooaiea
i?aaee aei?iaeiiai aeaeaeaiey
Noiiu, acuneeaaaiua n eeoe, aeiiaiuo a niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiee e
iaaeinoa/a iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae
AeIOIAeU IO AIAOIAYEIIIIE*ANEIE AeAssOAEUeIINOE
Iinooieaiea n?aaenoa io oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai yenii?oa
I?i/ea iinooieaiey io aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
I?I*EA IAIAEIAIAUA AeIOIAeU
AACAICIACAeIUA IA?A*ENEAIEss
IO IA?ACEAeAIOIA
IO ATHAeAEAOIA Ae?OAEO O?IAIAE
Aeioaoeee
Noaaaioeee
N?aaenoaa, iieo/aaiua ii acaeiiui ?an/aoai, a oii /enea eiiiainaoeee
aeiiieieoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia, aicieeoeo a ?acoeueoaoa ?aoaiee, i?eiyouo
i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe
O?ainoa?ou
I?i/ea aacaiciacaeiua iinooieaiey
IO AINOAeA?NOAAIIUO AIAATHAeAEAOIUO OIIAeIA
IO AINOAeA?NOAAIIUO I?AAIECAOeEE
IO IAAeIAOeEIIAEUeIUO I?AAIECAOeEE
I?eeiaeaiea 3
I?eeiaeaiea 4
AeIOIAeU oaaea?aeueiiai e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee ca 1994 aiae
Iaeiaiiaaiea iieacaoaeae Eniieiaii n ia/aea aiaea
eiinieeaee?iaai-iue athaeaeao Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao athaeaeaou
noauaeoia ?O
Iaeia ia i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee 49007033 17177304 31829729
Iaeia ia iia?aoeee n oeaiiuie aoiaaaie 447189 377116 70073
Iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe 17548546 108164 17440382
Aeioiaeu io aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe 23475386 23306111 169275
Ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea iaae?aie e i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie 3076503
1011370 2065133
a oii /enea:
io/eneaiey ia aini?iecaiaenoai ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie aacu
637406
637406
Ainoaea?noaaiiay iioeeia 468498 178557 289941
Iaeia ia eiouanoai 4840812
4840812
IAeN 37425764 23770427 13655337
Aeoeecu 7468805 4485639 2983166
a oii /enea:
aeoeecu ia iaooue
1704233
1704233
Aeioiaeu io i?eaaoecaoeee 750021 116041 633980
Eeoeaiceiiiue nai? ca i?aai i?iecaiaenoaa e oi?aiaee nie?oiuie iaieoeaie
e ieaii
133800
133800
Niaoeeaeueiue iaeia 5708659 425472 1453932
N?aaenoaa iaycaoaeueiiai iaae. no?aoiaaiey 304905 80000 224905
Caiaeueiue iaeia 1646224 123353 12104797
Inoaoee athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ia ia/aei aiaea, ia?auaaiua ia iie?uoea
?anoiaeia
890449
890449
Eoiai aeioiaeia 170427712 80119130 90308582
Nnoaeu, iieo/aiiua ec aaieia aeey oeiaine?iaaiey oeaeaauo i?ia?aii
662164
662164
Noaaaioeee, iieo/aiiua ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ?O (
2621580
Aeioaoeee, iieo/aiiua ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ?O aeey CAOI
(
585090
N?aaenoaa oiiaea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa
(o?ainoa?ou)
(
2252168
N?aaenoaa, iieo/aaiua ii acaeiiui ?an/aoai ( 1471246 17914004
E?aoein?i/iua nnoaeu, iieo/aiiua ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ?O
(
102952
?an/aou n athaeaeaoaie ii ca/aoo nnoae 61750 61750
Athaeaeaoiua nnoaeu 921470
921470
I?eaea/aiiua nnoaeu aeey iie?uoey i?aauoaiey ?anoiaeia iaae aeioiaeaie
(aeaoeoeeoa) athaeaeaoa
306466
306466
Anaai aeioiaeia 172379562 81652126 115674476
Inoaoee athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ia ia/aei aiaea, ca eneeth/aieai noii,
ia?auaaiuo ia iie?uoea ?anoiaeia
1223339
1223339
I?eeiaeaiea 5
AeIOIAeU oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 aiae
(iei. ?oa.)
Iaeiaiiaaiea aeaeia aeioiaeia Ooaa?aeaeaii Eniieiaii
IAEIAIAUA AeIOIAeU 175214100 175345255
a oii /enea:
Iaeia ia i?eaueue 45215400 41504403
Iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe 3637000 3269453
Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ia oiaa?u, i?iecaiaeeiua ia oa??eoi?ee
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e oneoae 64631000 61075207
Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ia oiaa?u, aaiceiua ia oa??eoi?eth
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee 9531100 10712432
Aeoeecu 14268600 17527221
Niaoeeaeueiue iaeia aeey oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee aaaeiaeoeo io?aneae
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa 8062200 7321089
Eeoeaiceiiiue nai? ca i?aai i?iecaiaenoaa, o?aiaiey, ?iceeaa e iioiaoth
?aaeecaoeeth aeeiaieueiie i?iaeoeoeee 661600 732800
Ieaoaaee ca eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia 3141900 2996888
Iaeia ia iia?aoeee n oeaiiuie aoiaaaie 861900 831425
I?i/ea iaeiae, ieaoaaee e nai?u
184908
Iaeiae ia aiaoithth oi?aiaeth e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneea iia?aoeee 24575900
24875113
a oii /enea:
Eiii?oiua iioeeiu 8563900 9069754
Yenii?oiua iioeeiu 16012000 15805359
I?i/ea iaeiae, nai?u e iioeeiu 627500 4314316
IAIAEIAIAUA AeIOIAeU 29501600 40281661
Aeioiaeu io oaaea?aeueiie nianoaaiiinoe eee aeayoaeueiinoe 5301700
4056520
a oii /enea:
Aeeaeaeaiaeu ii aeoeeyi, i?eiaaeeaaeauei ainoaea?noao 301700 281520
Ia?a/eneaiea i?eauee Oeaio?aeueiiai Aaiea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee 5000000
3775000
Aeioiaeu io i?iaeaaee i?eiaaeeaaeauaai ainoaea?noao eiouanoaa 4785400
4774214
Aeioiaeu io ?aaeecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo caiania 4622400 8123912
Aeioiaeu io aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe 14792100 23327015
a oii /enea:
Iinooieaiea n?aaenoa io oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai yenii?oa 2120000 3332845
I?i/ea iinooieaiey io aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe 12672100
19994170
I?i/ea iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu 4185893 1228982
AACAICIACAeIUA IA?A*ENEAIEss
1265093
Io ae?oaeo o?iaiae aeanoe
1265093
a oii /enea:
N?aaenoaa, ia?a/eneyaiua ii acaeiiui ?an/aoai
1265093
EOIAI AeIOIAeIA 208901593 218120991
25 ieoya?y 1996 aiaea ?O? 1845 a i?ia?aiia (Aa?oeeaeue(.
Iaeia ia iiaeaea?aeaiea AIE aue ioeeiiai aianoa n /anoueth ae?oaeo
iii?aaie.
ni. ?inneeneea aanoe ? 206 io 30 ieoya?y 1996 aiaea.
Aianaii caianoeoaeai ieieno?a oeiainia Oaoaeiaui N.Ae. (ni.
eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneee atheeaoaiue ? 8 (17) Aiaeeoe/aneiai
oi?aaeaiey Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ca 2 ieoya?y (
23 ieoya?y 1996 aiaea).
ni. ?aoaiea Eiieoaoa Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu ii eiiaa?nee e iaoeiaieei
oaoiieiaeyi (I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae( io 9 ieoya?y 1996
aiaea.
ni. Niaianoiia cayaeaiea i?aaenaaeaoaeae eiieoaoia Ainoaea?noaaiiie
Aeoiu, i?aaenoaaeythueo eoeueoo?ioth noa?o, io 15 ieoya?y 1996 aiaea.
ni. Iineianeee eiiniiieaoe ca 30 ieoya?y 1996 aiaea.
ni. i?eeiaeaiea 2 e Oaaea?aeueiiio caeiio “0 athaeaeaoiie
eeanneoeeaoeee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee” io 26 ethiy 1996 aiaea.
ni. i?eeiaeaiea 2 e Oaaea?aeueiiio caeiio “0 athaeaeaoiie
eeanneoeeaoeee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee” io 26 ethiy 1996 aiaea.
ni. Iaoa?eaeu ii eniieiaieth oaaea?aeueiiai e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai
athaeaeaoia ca 1994 aiae. I.: Aeaaiia oi?aaeaiea oaaea?aeueiiai
eacia/aenoaa Ioaeae o/aoa eniieiaiey athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e
aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia. 1995 aiae.
ni. i?iaeo oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia (Ia eniieiaiee oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa ca 1995 aiae( io 10 ieoya?y 1996 a.
PAGE 4
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
